Дисертації з теми "Satellites artificiels – Modèles mathématiques"
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Lebedev, Nikolaï. "Terminaux multicapteurs pour communications par satellite : techniques de formation de voies en émission et capacité." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2031.
Повний текст джерелаBorghol, Saja. "Modélisation mathématique de la charge de surface des satellites en orbite basse." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10040/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work we are concerned with a mathematical study of the spacecraft charging phenomena of Low Earth Orbit (LEO).After recalling the physical context, we derive a two-fluid type model for the plasma around the spacecraft. Indeed in LEO, the plasma can be considered highly colisional compared with the case for example of Polar Earth Orbit (PEO). The model used here consist in the Euler equations for the conservation of mass, momentum and energy plus a Poisson equation for the electrostatic potentiel and is derived in the three dimensionnal case.For the mathematical study of the model, we concentrate our attention on the one dimensionnal case to point out the main difficulties.We first consider the stationnary Euler equations coupled to the Poisson equation. The charging dynamics is then embodied into the boundary conditions where the time derivative of the potentiel appears. We present rigourous existence and unicity results together with numerical simulations. Here we only use some Dirichlet boundary conditions for the macroscopic quantities. They can be far from the ones of physical interest wich we only know at a kinetic level.That's why we next propose a numerical solution to incorporate in the simulation of the evolutive Euler equations boundary condition that come from a microscopic modeling in the small mean free path regime. THe boundary condition relies on the analysis of boundary layers formation that accounts from the fact that the incoming kinetic flux might be far from the equilibrium
Bénazéra, Emmanuel. "Diagnostic et reconfiguration basés sur des modèles hybrides concurrents : application aux satellites autonomes." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30105.
Повний текст джерелаCouillard-Labonnote, Laurent. "Etude des propriétés optiques et radiatives des cirrus à l'aide de modèles microphysiques élaborés : analyse de mesures in situ (Néphélomètre) et satellitaire (POLDER)." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-147.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMelachroinos, Stavros A. "Positionnement géodésique à haute fréquence de réseaux GNSS terrestres et marins." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2007. https://hal.science/tel-02071426.
Повний текст джерелаThe surface deformations of the Earth’s crust and the sea-level variations measured by terrestrial or maritime GNSS networks are a subject that the CNES/GRGS team wanted to investigate thoroughly. In the first part, the main characteristics and differences of four global positioning systems that will constitute the future Global Navigation Satellite System of Systems are presented. In the second part, I concentrate in the definition of the basic geodetic components of GNSS used in positioning. In the third part, GINS scientific software package the basic tool used in this PhD study is presented. Updated modifications implemented for the needs of my research are overseen. Then validations tests of the modifications on the level of precise orbit determination (for GPS and GIOVE-A) and positioning are presented. In the fourth part, the main study of ocean tide loading – OTL in a complex coastal area that of Brittany, in France is presented. The implemented method aims to use a dedicated dense GPS network in order to evaluate/validate the performances of ocean tide models in the region. The impact of OTL on tropospheric parameters, the datum stability used to align the GNSS solution and the aliasing affects on the campaign stations’ time-series of unmodeled vertical displacement are analyzed. In the final and last part, the preliminary results of a GPS kinematic data set designated to cross compare and validate altimetric and oceanographic observations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current are analyzed
Teyssedre, Hubert. "Observations satellitaires et modélisation de l'évolution à long terme de l'ozone stratosphérique et influence d'activités humaines." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30200.
Повний текст джерелаVadez, Vincent. "Simplification géométrique pour la simulation thermique radiative de satellites." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4035.
Повний текст джерелаThe life cycle of a satellite includes the launch phase, the positioning on the desiredorbit, different maneuvers (deployment of solar panels and safety position), and finallyplacing the satellite on the junk orbit. The satellite gravitates in a hostile environment,exposed to thermal variations of very large amplitude, alternating sun exposure andeclipse phases. The survival of the satellite depends on the temperature of its components, the variation of which must be monitored within safety intervals. In this context, the thermal simulation of the satellite for its design is crucial to anticipate the reality of its operation. Radiative thermal simulation is essential for anticipating the generation of energy from solar and albedo radiation, and for regulating temperatures of on-board equipments. Ideal operation consists in providing appropriate cooling for components exposed to radiation, and conversely, heating of unexposed components. As an order of magnitude, the external temperature ranges from -150 to +150 degrees Celsius, and the internal electronic equipment has a safe range between -50 and +50, with a safety margin of 10 degrees. In the eclipse phase where the radiation is significantly lower, heating is provided by the energy accumulated during the exposed phase, combined with heat pipes for thermal regulation.In this thesis, the objective is to advance the knowledge on radiative thermal simulation calculation methods for satellites. To this end, two approaches are considered. Thefirst approach consists in establishing a reference calculation of a quantity governing radiative thermal simulation: view factors. Being subject to time constraints, this methodis based on a hierarchical data structure enabling progressive computation of view factors, in order to offer a satisfactory tradeoff between time dedicated to computationsand desired accuracy. For the sake of accuracy, a prediction step is added to guaranteea better convergence towards the reference value.The second approach, also motivated by time constraints, aims at reducing the geometric model of a mechanical part or a spacecraft while being faithful to the numericalsimulation. In order to render the decimation physics-informed, a preprocessing step relying on a sensitivity analysis is carried out. To better preserve the physical simulation,the geometric cost of a simplification operator is coupled to a factor deduced from thesimulation deviation between the reference model and the reduced model
Vidal, Alain. "Estimation de l'évapotranspiration par télédétection : application au contrôle de l'irrigation." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20234.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Cheng. "Retrieving global sources of aerosol emissions from satellite observations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R001/document.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding of the role that atmospheric aerosol play in the Earth-atmosphere system is limited by uncertainties in aerosol distribution, composition and sources. Thus, accurate chemical transport model simulation systems are crucial needed to analyse and predict atmospheric aerosols and their impacts on climate change and environment. Satellite observations have ability to provide an extensive spatial coverage and accurate aerosol products, however, are constrained by clear-sky condition, global coverage orbit cycle and information content. One of the most promising approaches is to reduce model uncertainty by improving the aerosol emission fields (i.e., model input) by means of inverse modeling relying on satellite observations as a constrain. In this study, we designed a method of simultaneous retrievals of desert dust, black carbon and organic carbon aerosol emission sources using aerosol data obtained from GRASP algorithm applied to POLDER/PARASOL satellite observations, and relying on the GEOS-Chem inverse modeling framework. Then, a satellite-based global aerosol emission database (2006-2011) has been developed. This aerosol emission database has been further evaluated by utilization in GEOS-Chem and GEOS-5/GOCART models. The model posterior simulation of aerosol properties employing the retrieved emissions shows a better agreement than the model prior simulation; it is true for not only fitted PARASOL products, but also for completely independent measurements from ground-based AERONET and satellites aerosol products (e.g., MODIS, MISR, OMI). The results suggest that the satellite-based aerosol emission database improves overall global aerosol modeling
Debèse, Nathalie. "Recalage de la navigation par apprentissage sur les données bathymètriques." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD538.
Повний текст джерелаBellouin, Nicolas. "Estimation de l'effet direct des aérosols à partir de la modélisation et de la télédétection passive." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-183-184.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLacoste, Frédéric. "Modélisation de la dynamique du canal de propagation Terre-Espace dans les bandes Ka et EHF." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0010.
Повний текст джерелаMonsivais, Huertero Alejandro. "Développement d'un modèle physique pour la réponse radar cohérente et polarimétrique de la végétation sahélienne, application à l'estimation de paramètres biophysiques." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/63/.
Повний текст джерелаA coherent scattering model is developed for radar remote sensing of Sahelian grassland. This African vegetation is mainly composed of annual grass and shrubs. In this model first a generator of grass and shrub structures, which includes morphological information, is implemented. Shrubs’ crown is highly irregular, but for most part can be encompassed in an ellipsoidal or cylindrical volume depending on shrub shape. Thus, the extinction of the coherent wave is then calculated only when travelling in the volume. By the other hand, the generator represents the grass as a set of cylindrical stalks and blade leaves. Backscatter statistics are acquired via a Monte Carlo simulation over a large number of realizations. The accuracy of the model is verified using measured data acquired by a C-band satellite at HH polarization. In most of cases, simulations are closed to measurements. After being validated the model accuracy, the model is implemented in a vegetal-parameter retrieval algorithm. Since the coherent scattering model is significant time consuming, a simplified empirical model is constructed with the fitting of simulation results obtained by the forward model. The sensitive parameters of Sahelian vegetation are sol moisture content, grass density, and grass moisture content. The estimation of these three parameters using the set of C-band HH-polarized measured data shows a great agreement when comparing with ground data
Berthet, Sarah. "Développement d'un nouveau schéma de physique des nuages dans le modèle de méso-échelle MésoNH pour l'étude des interactions aérosol-nuage." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542807.
Повний текст джерелаPerosanz, Félix. "Utilisation des mesures GPS pour la restitution dynamique précise d'orbites et l'amélioration des modèles globaux de champ de gravité terrestre : application au satellite TOPEX/POSEIDON et à la simulation des performances des futures missions géodésiques." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30183.
Повний текст джерелаVibert, Didier. "Modélisation et reconstruction tridimensionnelle de la couronne solaire dans le cadre de l'expérience LASCO." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30072.
Повний текст джерелаKoiran, Pascal. "Puissance de calcul des réseaux de neurones artificiels." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO19003.
Повний текст джерелаTarayre, Hélène. "Extraction de modèles numériques de terrain par interférométrie radar satellitaire : algorithmie et artefacts atmosphériques." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT022H.
Повний текст джерелаPradal, Marie-Aude. "Modélisation hydrodynamique de la baie de Marseille : application au projet d'immersion de récifs artificiels en baie du Prado : "Récifs Prado"." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22088.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn the frame of the largest French project on artificial production reefs, initiated by the city of Marseilles in 2001, the Region PACA State Agency funded a PhD at the Center of Oceanology of Marseilles. This work aimed at describing the hydrodynamic pattern of the Bay of Marseilles, by the use of 3D numerical modelling. Results were typologies of the currents and of the hydrodynamic connexions in the Bay. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) we were able to draw georeferenced maps of the recruitment and influence areas of the artificialreefs and therefore assess the existence of hydrodynamic connexions between the productive areas of the Bay and the areas to be colonized. This lead to point out that not only areas of reef deployments should be chosen for the geographic proximity to the productive ecosystems but also for the hydrodynamic proximity
Cherchali, Selma. "Contribution à la résolution du problème du pixel mixte en vue de l'amélioration de l'estimation de la productivité primaire nette en zone sahélienne (couplage haute et basse résolution spatiale)." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30084.
Повний текст джерелаRandriamanantena, Herimino Paoly. "Utilisation de données satellitaires dans les modèles météorologiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT030H.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Fur Jean. "Modélisation numérique des transferts de radioéléments artificiels en mer de Manche : processus hydrodynamiques, biologiques et sédimentaires." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10129.
Повний текст джерелаLegsai-Talmi, Ghizlane. "Calcul de géométries et d'énergies moléculaires par mécanique moléculaire : programmes satellites du programme EMO, volume moléculaire, paramétrisation des métaux." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30027.
Повний текст джерелаMasclet, Arnaud. "Contribution à l'élaboration de modèles de référence des ceintures de radiation de la Terre." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0022.
Повний текст джерелаMeddeb, Souad. "Identification des filtres de Volterra et des modèles bilinéaires : application à la communication par satellite." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT036H.
Повний текст джерелаProença, Maria da Conceiçao Machado Sangreman. "La transformée en ondelettes appliquée au traitement d'images de télédétection." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30260.
Повний текст джерелаVeryzhenko, Iryna. "L' analyse des questions de la finance moderne avec l'approche des marchés financiers artificiels." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010060.
Повний текст джерелаGastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe. "Une évaluation du potentiel cartographique et thématique de SPOT en Indonésie : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30224.
Повний текст джерелаFischer, Alberte. "Suivi de la croissance des cultures en zone hétérogène au moyen d'informations satellitaires. Complémentarité avec les modèles de croissance." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30262.
Повний текст джерелаFarah, Ahcène. "Contribution à la modélisation mathématique de la biomécanique de la pompe cardiaque : application à l'analyse des déformations pathologiques du ventricule gauche." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10405.
Повний текст джерелаBurlacu, Maria-Mihaela. "Analyse des performances et routage dans les constellations de nano-satellites : modèles et applications pour les régions éloignées." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608660.
Повний текст джерелаKabeshova, Anastasiia. "Prédire la chute de la personne âgée : apports des modèles mathématiques non-linéaires." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0045/document.
Повний текст джерелаFalls in the elderly are still a major issue in 2015 because they are associated with high rate of morbidity, mortality and disability, which affect the quality of life. From the patient’s perspective, it is still associated with high morbidity, mortality and disability, which affect the quality of life. The number of fallers requiring medical and/or social care is growing up due to aging population. This fact seems paradoxical since during the recent years the knowledge about the mechanisms of falls and the quality of interventions to support fallers significantly increased. This is largely based on our inability to predict correctly the risk of falling among the elderly person, knowing that this is the first step of any efficient and effective intervention strategies. Therefore it is necessary today to double our efforts in improving the prediction of falls. Nonetheless, new opportunities and advanced technologies provide to us the possibility of computerizing of medical data and research, and also to improve prediction of falls using new approaches. A fall should be considered as a chaotic event, and its prediction should be done via new mathematical models incorporating the feature of this behaviour. Thus, the methods ofartificial intelligence-based analysis seem to be an appropriate solution to analyse complex medical data. These artificial intelligence techniques have been already used in many medical areas, but rarely in the field of fall prediction. Artificial neural networks are the most commonly used methods while other promising techniques based on fuzzy logic are less often applied.Based on this observation we have formulated the hypothesis that non-linear mathematical models using artificial intelligence are the models, which are the most likely to achieve the bestquality of the prediction. The main objective of this thesis is to study the quality of theprediction of falls, recurrent or not, among the adults aged 65 years and more,applying neuralnetworks and fuzzy logic models, and comparing them either among themselves or with the linear mathematical models conventionally employed in the literature for fall prediction. The first cross-sectional study was conducted by using a decision tree to explore the risk of recurrent falls in various combinations of fall risk factors compared to a logistic regression model. The second study was designed to examine the efficiency of artificial neural networks (Multilayer Perceptron and Neuroevolution of Augmenting Topologies) to classify recurrent and nonrecurrent fallers by using a set of clinical characteristics corresponding to risk factors measured among seniors living in the community. Finally, in the third study we compared the results of different statistical methods (linear and nonlinear) in order to identify the risk of falls using 7 clinical variables, separating the collection mode (retrospective and prospective) of the fall and its recurrence. The results confirm our hypothesis showing that the choice of the mathematical model affects the quality of fall prediction. Nonlinear models, such as neural networks and fuzzy logic systems, are more efficient than linear models for the prediction of falls especially for recurrent falls. However, the results show that the balance between different criteria used to judge the quality of the forecast (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, area under the curve, positive and negative likelihood ratio, and accuracy) has not been always correct, emphasizing the need to continue the development of the models whose intelligence should specifically predict the fall
Mourre, Baptiste. "Etude de configuration d'une constellation de satellites altimétriques pour l'observation de la dynamique côtière." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30212.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this work is to evaluate the contribution of future altimeter systems (Wide Swath Ocean Altimeter, satellite constellations) for the observation of ocean dynamics over continental shelves. The approach is based on numerical modeling and data assimilation, so that the problem comes to the estimation of the capability of new observing scenarios to control model errors in these regions. The model used in this work is the barotropic, finite-element MOG2D model, implemented over the entire European continental shelf. Moreover, the focus is on the specific high-frequency response of the ocean to meteorological forcing (wind and pressure), with temporal scales ranging from a few hours to a few days. Special attention is paid to properly specify model error statistics, which are required for assimilation experiments. The model error subspace due to uncertainties in bathymetry is more specifically explored via the use of an ensemble method. Associated model error covariances are shown to be neither homogeneous over shelves, nor isotropic when approaching the coast. They are not even stationary, since they are very dependent on the meteorological forcing. An ensemble Kalman filter assimilation scheme is then implemented to assimilate sea level data in the model. Multiple twin experiments are performed to estimate the capabiliy of different observing scenarios to reduce model errors (in the framework of Observing-Systems Simulation Experiments, OSSEs). The diagnostic is based on the reduction of the ensemble spread thanks to the assimilation. .
Gille, Jean-Pierre. "Technologies des échanges respiratoires (O2 et Co2) : application à la réalisation d'appareils médicaux." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPE092.
Повний текст джерелаGrémillet, Olivier. "Analyse des modèles de trafic agrégé pour les télécommunications multiservices par satellite." Toulouse, ISAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0023.
Повний текст джерелаPujol, Marie-Isabelle. "Analyse de la variabilité de surface en Méditerranée à partir des données altimétriques et comparaison aux simulations MERCATOR et MOG2D." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30005.
Повний текст джерелаCarrere, Loren. "Etude et modélisation de la réponse haute fréquence de l'océan global aux forçages météorologiques." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30185.
Повний текст джерелаBrachet, Sidonie. "Variabilité mésoéchelle océanique : comparaison altimétrie/modèle." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30022.
Повний текст джерелаHéas, Patrick. "Apprentissage bayésien de structures spatio-temporelles : application à la fouille visuelle de séries temporelles d'images de satellites." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0004.
Повний текст джерелаPellet, Victor. "Télédétection satellite du cycle de l'eau. De l'optimisation du traitement des observations à l'intégration des produits restitués." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS277.
Повний текст джерелаSatellite observation offers the unique opportunity for global coverage and continuous temporal monitoring in meteorology and climatology. However, there are many difficulties in their exploitation, which requires the use of optimization techniques at the different steps of their processing. This thesis will deal with two questions: (1) the processing of satellite data before the restitution, and (2) the integration of the multiple satellite products available. A new approach for channel compression/selection (Bottlenecks Channels) is proposed to reduce the dimension of hyperspectral data (in the infrared with the IASI instrument and in microwaves for a new sounder concept). A new scheme is also developed to integrate multiple satellite products for the study of the water cycle (surface, ocean and atmosphere). This integration approach makes the components of the water cycle more coherent to each other. It is presented here in the context of the Mediterranean water cycle
Santos, Costa Daniel. "Modélisation des ceintures de radiation d'électrons de Jupiter internes à Io." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0010.
Повний текст джерелаSaïghi, Sylvain. "Circuits et systèmes de modélisation analogique de réseaux de neurones biologiques : application au développement d'outils pour les neurosciences computationnelles." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326005.
Повний текст джерелаTao, Zui. "Autonomous road vehicles localization using satellites, lane markings and vision." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2261/document.
Повний текст джерелаEstimating the pose (position and attitude) in real-time is a key function for road autonomous vehicles. This thesis aims at studying vehicle localization performance using low cost automotive sensors. Three kinds of sensors are considered : dead reckoning (DR) sensors that already exist in modern vehicles, mono-frequency GNSS (Global navigation satellite system) receivers with patch antennas and a frontlooking lane detection camera. Highly accurate maps enhanced with road features are also key components for autonomous vehicle navigation. In this work, a lane marking map with decimeter-level accuracy is considered. The localization problem is studied in a local East-North-Up (ENU) working frame. Indeed, the localization outputs are used in real-time as inputs to a path planner and a motion generator to make a valet vehicle able to drive autonomously at low speed with nobody on-board the car. The use of a lane detection camera makes possible to exploit lane marking information stored in the georeferenced map. A lane marking detection module detects the vehicle’s host lane and provides the lateral distance between the detected lane marking and the vehicle. The camera is also able to identify the type of the detected lane markings (e.g., solid or dashed). Since the camera gives relative measurements, the important step is to link the measures with the vehicle’s state. A refined camera observation model is proposed. It expresses the camera metric measurements as a function of the vehicle’s state vector and the parameters of the detected lane markings. However, the use of a camera alone has some limitations. For example, lane markings can be missing in some parts of the navigation area and the camera sometimes fails to detect the lane markings in particular at cross-roads. GNSS, which is mandatory for cold start initialization, can be used also continuously in the multi-sensor localization system as done often when GNSS compensates for the DR drift. GNSS positioning errors can’t be modeled as white noises in particular with low cost mono-frequency receivers working in a standalone way, due to the unknown delays when the satellites signals cross the atmosphere and real-time satellites orbits errors. GNSS can also be affected by strong biases which are mainly due to multipath effect. This thesis studies GNSS biases shaping models that are used in the localization solver by augmenting the state vector. An abrupt bias due to multipath is seen as an outlier that has to be rejected by the filter. Depending on the information flows between the GNSS receiver and the other components of the localization system, data-fusion architectures are commonly referred to as loosely coupled (GNSS fixes and velocities) and tightly coupled (raw pseudoranges and Dopplers for the satellites in view). This thesis investigates both approaches. In particular, a road-invariant approach is proposed to handle a refined modeling of the GNSS error in the loosely coupled approach since the camera can only improve the localization performance in the lateral direction of the road. Finally, this research discusses some map-matching issues for instance when the uncertainty domain of the vehicle state becomes large if the camera is blind. It is challenging in this case to distinguish between different lanes when the camera retrieves lane marking measurements.As many outdoor experiments have been carried out with equipped vehicles, every problem addressed in this thesis is evaluated with real data. The different studied approaches that perform the data fusion of DR, GNSS, camera and lane marking map are compared and several conclusions are drawn on the fusion architecture choice
Guihou, Karen. "Étude de la dynamique du Courant Nord au large de Toulon, à l’aide de modèle, observations in-situ et données satellites." Thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL0004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this work is to improve our knowledge of the Northern Mediterrranean Current (NC) variability and its interactions with coastal dynamics, using high-resolution modelling of the North-Western Mediterranean Sea, based on the NEMO code and nammed GLAZUR64.The configuration has been validated using all available observations for the period of study (CTD, gliders, ARGO, HF radar, ADCP, satellite altimetry and SST), in order to assess the realism of the simulations and their parameterisations. The contribution of the high-resolution for the simulation of the mesoscale dynamics, compared to 1/12° configurations used at the boundaries is shown.Finally, the use of an operationnal oceanic boundary forcing allowed us to use a combined data-model approach to study the generation and advection of an anticyclonic eddy trapped at the coast and associated to a NC meander, flowing off Toulon in April 2011 [Guihou et al., 2013]
Leclercq, Ludivine. "De l’exosphère à la magnétosphère des objets planétaires faiblement magnétisés : optimisation de modélisations parallélisées pour une application à Ganymède." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV017/document.
Повний текст джерелаJupiter’s moon Ganymede is the biggest and most massive satellite of our solar system. Thisobject has been observed from the Earth, with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and through in situ measurements by Galileo spacecraft. Thanks to these observations, a very tenuous atmosphere, or exosphere, has been detected at Ganymede. It is mainly composed of atomic hydrogen, atomic oxygen, and molecular oxygen. Ganymede is the only moon of the solar system to have its own intrinsic magnetic field, which generates a minimagnetosphere interacting with the magnetospheric jovian plasma. This magnetosphere is embedded in the jovian magnetosphere. It is the only known case of interaction between two magnetospheres. Galileo is the only mission that has investigated the complex ionized environment of Ganymede. The next space mission dedicated to investigate the Jovian magnetosphere and its galilean satellite is an European mission from ESA : JUICE (Jupiter ICy moons Explorer). In the frame of this mission, and to prepare future observations at Ganymede, my thesis work has consisted in modeling the global neutral and ionized environment of Ganymede. The first part of my thesis work has been dedicated to the study of Ganymede’s exosphere with a 3D Monte-Carlo model. I have parallelized this model to improve its performance and to enrich the physics described by the model. Results have been compared to those of other models, and to HST and Galileo observations. The ionized environment, in particular the magnetosphere of Ganymede, has then been studied with a 3D parallel hybrid model,considering the observation conditions of Galileo. Results are globally consistent with the observations and with other models, but show the necessity to significantly improve the spatial resolution. Therefore, a significant part of my work has been dedicated to the development of a multi-grid approach in the hybrid model, to divide by 2 the spatial resolution at the vicinity of Ganymede. Finally, results obtained with the optimized model are compared to Galileo observations
Knauf, Andreas. "Modélisation sous forme LFT et synthèse de correcteurs LFT auto-séquencés de taille réduite et leurs implémentations aux applications de commande en aéronautique." Toulouse, ISAE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESAE0010.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Quilleuc Meryll. "Caractérisation élémentaire et isotopique (Sr et Nd) des dépôts d'aérosols sahariens sur la marge sénégalaise : implications pour la signature géochimique des sources." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R075.
Повний текст джерелаMineral aerosols emitted in arid and semi-arid regions of the Earth represent an active element of the global climate system. In fact, due to their optical properties and their role in nucleation processes in the atmosphere, they have an impact on the radiative budget and the hydrological cycle. They also take part in many biogeochemical cycles in the ocean and on land through the input of micro-nutriments in regions where they are deposited. Mineral dust is also an indicator of paleo-environmental conditions changes in sedimentary archives. Mineral dust impact in the climate system depends on the amount of particles transported in the atmosphere, on their grain size distributions and on their geochemical compositions. Yet, these characteristics are often insufficiently quantified, particularly in the vast Sahara-Sahel domain (the largest source worldwide), due to the numerous emissions areas and to their intermittency. The characteristics of Saharan dust deposits are especially poorly constrained, although they are essentials to estimate the dust impact on biogeochemical cycles, to make the connection with sedimentary deposits, and to validate dust transport model outputs. A study of eolian deposits was carried out on the Senegalese coast in order to improve our knowledge of the chemical composition of mineral aerosols transported over the West African margin and of the geochemical signature of the source regions. For this purpose, a passive collector was set up in 2006 at Mbour, allowing the build up of a long continuous time series dust deposits with a sampling resolution of a week or less (down to 24h). Elemental composition (major and trace elements) of the <30µm carbonate-free, silicate fraction of 221 dust deposit samples was determined (including a two-year continuous time series between March 2013 and February 2015), as well as the Sr and Nd isotopic ratios for 63 of them. Concurrently, investigations on the sources feeding our sampling site were conducted with the help of the IDDI satellite product as well as air masses backtrajectories calculated with the HYSPLIT model. The study of the 2013-2015 continuous time series of dust deposits revealed a large variability in the chemical composition of the dust, suggesting an important diversity in the geochemistry of the contributing sources. This long time series brought to light marked seasonal changes, both in the mass flux and the chemical composition, that can be linked to changes in provenance and transporting wind systems between the dry season (winter-spring) during which aerosols are transported in the trade winds that sweep across West Africa, and the wet season (summer) when dust deposit result to some degree from the scavenging by precipitations of dust transported at high altitude in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL)
Wan, Tao. "Modélisation et implémentation de systèmes OLAP pour des objets mobiles." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0001.
Повний текст джерелаThe rapid growth of gao-location techniques and mobile devices led to the profusion of Mobile Objects databases. This raises a new issu concerning their use for decision support. While conventional On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) systems are efficiently used in data analysi&tI:\aOks to their multidimensional modelling, they are not adapted to MOs which consider information that evolves continuously over time (e. G. , position). Ln this study, we focus on the problem of data warehousing such objects. The contributions are: (1) two multidimensional models allowing their on-line analytical processing; one offers a well-to-do implementation, whereas the other one supplies a powerful representation; (2) an optimized implementation dedicated to answer efficiently typical spatiotemporal OLAP queries in context of OLAP systems
Kim, Dong Eon. "Approche simple et novatrice pour l’évaluation des inondations dans un contexte pauvre en données : solutions alternatives aux MNT haute résolution et aux données locales de précipitation." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4029.
Повний текст джерелаMany urban cities in Southeast Asia witness severe flooding associated to increasing rainfall intensity and rapid urbanization often due to poor urban planning. Two important inputs required in flood hazard assessment are: (1) high accuracy Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and (2) long rainfall record. High accuracy DEM is both expensive and time consuming to acquire. Long rainfall records for areas of interest are often not available or not sufficiently long to determine the probable extremes. This thesis presents a notably cost-effective and efficient approach to derive high accuracy DEM, and suggests proxies for long rainfall data.DEM data from a publicly accessible satellite, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and Sentinel 2 multispectral imagery are selected and used to train the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to improve the quality of the DEM. In the training of ANN, high quality observed DEM is the key leading to a well-trained ANN. The trained ANN will then be ready to efficiently and effectively generate high quality DEM, at low cost, for places where DEM data is not available.The performance of the DEM improvement scheme is evaluated in places of various land-use types (e.g. dense urban city, forested areas), and in different countries (Nice, France; Singapore; Jakarta, Indonesia) through various matrices, e.g. whenever possible visual clarity, scatter plots, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and/or drainage networks. The DEM resulting from the latest version of improved SRTM (iSRTM_v2 DEM) shows (1) significantly better than the original SRTM DEM, a 34 % to 57 % RMSE reduction; (2) the visual clarity is so much clearer as well; and (3) much closer drainage network with the actual. The much improved DEM allows flood modelling to proceed with high confidence.Rainfall data resulting from a high spatial resolution Regional Climate Model (RCM), Weather Research and Forecasting driven by ERA-Interim (WRF/ERAI) dataset, is extracted, analyzed, and compared its accuracy with high quality observed rainfall data of Singapore. The comparisons are performed, among others, on their Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, the essential design curves for flood risk assessment; they matched quite well. The rainfall data (from the RCM) are then used as proxies for Greater Jakarta (Indonesia), where no rainfall data made available, to derive the IDF curves required for the flood analysis.MIKE 21 Flow Model Flexible Mesh (MIKE 21 FM) is applied to Greater Jakarta, with input data from the above mentioned much improved DEM and precipitation proxy data, for flood simulations of 2 return periods (50- and 100-years). Finally flood maps are generated. This demonstrates the applications of the approaches/methodologies, proposed in this thesis, on catchments where most essential data for flood risk assessment (high resolution and high accuracy DEM and long and high accuracy rainfall data) are not available.This thesis should be of interest to readers in the areas of remote sensing, artificial intelligence and flood management, especially for the policy makers in proposing relevant flood mitigation measures under climate change with increasing devastating flood damages and casualties
Pagliarini, Silvia. "Modeling the neural network responsible for song learning." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0107.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the first period of their life, babies and juvenile birds show comparable phases of vocal development: first, they listen to their parents/tutors in order to build a neural representation of the experienced auditory stimulus, then they start to produce sound and progressively get closer to reproducing their tutor song. This phase of learning is called the sensorimotor phase and is characterized by the presence of babbling, in babies, and subsong, in birds. It ends when the song crystallizes and becomes similar to the one produced by the adults.It is possible to find analogies between brain pathways responsible for sensorimotor learning in humans and birds: a vocal production pathway involves direct projections from auditory areas to motor neurons, and a vocal learning pathway is responsible for imitation and plasticity. The behavioral studies and the neuroanatomical structure of the vocal control circuit in humans and birds provide the basis for bio-inspired models of vocal learning.In particular, birds have brain circuits exclusively dedicated to song learning, making them an ideal model for exploring the representation of vocal learning by imitation of tutors.This thesis aims to build a vocal learning model underlying song learning in birds. An extensive review of the existing literature is discussed in the thesis: many previous studies have attempted to implement imitative learning in computational models and share a common structure. These learning architectures include the learning mechanisms and, eventually, exploration and evaluation strategies. A motor control function enables sound production and sensory response models either how sound is perceived or how it shapes the reward. The inputs and outputs of these functions lie (1)~in the motor space (motor parameters’ space), (2)~in the sensory space (real sounds) and (3)~either in the perceptual space (a low dimensional representation of the sound) or in the internal representation of goals (a non-perceptual representation of the target sound).The first model proposed in this thesis is a theoretical inverse model based on a simplified vocal learning model where the sensory space coincides with the motor space (i.e., there is no sound production). Such a simplification allows us to investigate how to introduce biological assumptions (e.g. non-linearity response) into a vocal learning model and which parameters influence the computational power of the model the most. The influence of the sharpness of auditory selectivity and the motor dimension are discussed.To have a complete model (which is able to perceive and produce sound), we needed a motor control function capable of reproducing sounds similar to real data (e.g. recordings of adult canaries). We analyzed the capability of WaveGAN (a Generative Adversarial Network) to provide a generator model able to produce realistic canary songs. In this generator model, the input space becomes the latent space after training and allows the representation of a high-dimensional dataset in a lower-dimensional manifold. We obtained realistic canary sounds using only three dimensions for the latent space. Among other results, quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrate the interpolation abilities of the model, which suggests that the generator model we studied can be used as a motor function in a vocal learning model.The second version of the sensorimotor model is a complete vocal learning model with a full action-perception loop (i.e., it includes motor space, sensory space, and perceptual space). The sound production is performed by the GAN generator previously obtained. A recurrent neural network classifying syllables serves as the perceptual sensory response. Similar to the first model, the mapping between the perceptual space and the motor space is learned via an inverse model. Preliminary results show the influence of the learning rate when different sensory response functions are implemented