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1
Filipponi, Federico. "River Color Monitoring Using Optical Satellite Data." Proceedings 2, no. 10 (June 13, 2018): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecg_2018-05336.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Knowledge of inland water quality and riverine inputs to oceans is fundamental for water management, environmental monitoring, and the definition of policies and planning strategies related to the sustainable use of rivers. While European Union directives aim at the conservation of inland water resources, the ground operational monitoring network is often inadequate. River monitoring using Remote Sensing may complement in-situ measurements, supplying continuous, spatially explicit representation of parameters related to water quality and solid transport, even if the high-frequency dynamics of water parameters may not be caught due to limited satellite revisit time. Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellites, equipped with MSI and OLI optical sensors whose spectral bands perform a more accurate atmospheric correction, allow for the development of methodologies for monitoring river color from space, thanks to high spatial resolution and short revisit times. This study presents a processing chain, developed to monitor water constituents in rivers using high-resolution satellite images. Multi-temporal analysis of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and total suspended matter (TSM) bio-geophysical variables was performed for the case study of the Po River (Italy) for the year 2017. Quantitative estimations of water constituents were retrieved from Sentinel-2 optical multispectral satellite data using the C2RCC algorithm, and the main outcomes are discussed. The developed processing chain can be used to create operational services for river monitoring, and represent a major improvement in the identification of spatio-temporal dynamics (like solid transport) in riverine systems.
2
Nikolaenko, А. Е., and E. P. Shugaley. "Use of satellite navigation systems for transport monitoring." Astronomical School’s Report 12, no. 2 (2016): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2411-6602.12.2195.
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3
Eliseev, Vladimir Alexeevich. "Directions of development of satellite monitoring of railway transport." Interactive science, no. 8 (October 20, 2016): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-113467.
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4
Imawaki, Shiro, Hiroshi Uchida, Hiroshi Ichikawa, Masao Fukasawa, and Shin-ichiro Umatani. "Satellite altimeter monitoring the Kuroshio Transport south of Japan." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011796.
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5
Kim, Jhoon, Ukkyo Jeong, Myoung-Hwan Ahn, Jae H. Kim, Rokjin J. Park, Hanlim Lee, Chul Han Song, et al. "New Era of Air Quality Monitoring from Space: Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 1 (August 23, 2019): E1—E22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0013.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is scheduled for launch in February 2020 to monitor air quality (AQ) at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution from a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) for the first time. With the development of UV–visible spectrometers at sub-nm spectral resolution and sophisticated retrieval algorithms, estimates of the column amounts of atmospheric pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO, CHOCHO, and aerosols) can be obtained. To date, all the UV–visible satellite missions monitoring air quality have been in low Earth orbit (LEO), allowing one to two observations per day. With UV–visible instruments on GEO platforms, the diurnal variations of these pollutants can now be determined. Details of the GEMS mission are presented, including instrumentation, scientific algorithms, predicted performance, and applications for air quality forecasts through data assimilation. GEMS will be on board the Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite 2 (GEO-KOMPSAT-2) satellite series, which also hosts the Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager 2 (GOCI-2). These three instruments will provide synergistic science products to better understand air quality, meteorology, the long-range transport of air pollutants, emission source distributions, and chemical processes. Faster sampling rates at higher spatial resolution will increase the probability of finding cloud-free pixels, leading to more observations of aerosols and trace gases than is possible from LEO. GEMS will be joined by NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) and ESA’s Sentinel-4 to form a GEO AQ satellite constellation in early 2020s, coordinated by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS).
6
Naeger, A. R., P. Gupta, B. Zavodsky, and K. M. McGrath. "Monitoring and tracking the trans-Pacific transport of aerosols using multi-satellite aerosol optical depth retrievals." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 10 (October 7, 2015): 10319–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-10319-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The primary goal of this study was to generate a near-real time (NRT) aerosol optical depth (AOD) product capable of providing a comprehensive understanding of the aerosol spatial distribution over the Pacific Ocean in order to better monitor and track the trans-Pacific transport of aerosols. Therefore, we developed a NRT product that takes advantage of observations from both low-earth orbiting and geostationary satellites. In particular, we utilize AOD products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellites. Then, we combine these AOD products with our own retrieval algorithms developed for the NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-15) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT-2) to generate a NRT daily AOD composite product. We present examples of the daily AOD composite product for a case study of trans-Pacific transport of Asian pollution and dust aerosols in mid-March 2014. Overall, the new product successfully tracks this aerosol plume during its trans-Pacific transport to the west coast of North America. However, we identify several areas across the domain of interest from Asia to North America where the new product can encounter significant uncertainties due to the inclusion of the geostationary AOD retrievals. The uncertainties associated with geostationary AOD retrievals are expected to be minimized after the successful launch of the next-generation advanced NOAA GOES-R and recently launched JMA Himawari satellites. Observations from these advanced satellites will ultimately provide an enhanced understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols over the Pacific.
7
Naeger, Aaron R., Pawan Gupta, Bradley T. Zavodsky, and Kevin M. McGrath. "Monitoring and tracking the trans-Pacific transport of aerosols using multi-satellite aerosol optical depth composites." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 6 (June 3, 2016): 2463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2463-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The primary goal of this study was to generate a near-real time (NRT) aerosol optical depth (AOD) product capable of providing a comprehensive understanding of the aerosol spatial distribution over the Pacific Ocean, in order to better monitor and track the trans-Pacific transport of aerosols. Therefore, we developed a NRT product that takes advantage of observations from both low-earth orbiting and geostationary satellites. In particular, we utilize AOD products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellites. Then, we combine these AOD products with our own retrieval algorithms developed for the NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-15) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT-2) to generate a NRT daily AOD composite product. We present examples of the daily AOD composite product for a case study of trans-Pacific transport of Asian pollution and dust aerosols in mid-March 2014. Overall, the new product successfully tracks this aerosol plume during its trans-Pacific transport to the west coast of North America as the frequent geostationary observations lead to a greater coverage of cloud-free AOD retrievals equatorward of about 35° N, while the polar-orbiting satellites provide a greater coverage of AOD poleward of 35° N. However, we note several areas across the domain of interest from Asia to North America where the GOES-15 and MTSAT-2 retrieval algorithms can introduce significant uncertainties into the new product.
8
Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, Eleanor Frajka-Williams, Ben I. Moat, and David A. Smeed. "A dynamically based method for estimating the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26° N from satellite altimetry." Ocean Science 17, no. 5 (September 28, 2021): 1321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1321-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The large-scale system of ocean currents that transport warm waters in the upper 1000 m northward and return deeper cooler waters southward is known as the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Variations in the AMOC have significant repercussions for the climate system; hence, there is a need for long-term monitoring of AMOC fluctuations. Currently the longest record of continuous directly measured AMOC changes is from the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS programme, initiated in 2004. The RAPID programme and other mooring programmes have revolutionised our understanding of large-scale circulation; however, by design they are constrained to measurements at a single latitude and cannot tell us anything pre-2004. Nearly global coverage of surface ocean data from satellite altimetry has been available since the launch of the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite in 1992 and has been shown to provide reliable estimates of surface ocean transports on interannual timescales including previous studies that have investigated empirical correlations between sea surface height variability and the overturning circulation. Here we show a direct calculation of ocean circulation from satellite altimetry of the upper mid-ocean transport (UMO), the Gulf Stream transport through the Florida Straits (GS), and the AMOC using a dynamically based method that combines geostrophy with a time mean of the vertical structure of the flow from the 26∘ N RAPID moorings. The satellite-based transport captures 56 %, 49 %, and 69 % of the UMO, GS, and AMOC transport variability, respectively, from the 26∘ N RAPID array on interannual (18-month) timescales. Further investigation into the vertical structure of the horizontal transport shows that the first baroclinic mode accounts for 83 % of the interior geostrophic variability, and the combined barotropic and first baroclinic mode representation of dynamic height accounts for 98 % of the variability. Finally, the methods developed here are used to reconstruct the UMO and the AMOC for the time period pre-dating RAPID, 1993 to 2003. The effective implementation of satellite-based method for monitoring the AMOC at 26∘ N lays down the starting point for monitoring large-scale circulation at all latitudes.
9
LAL, SHYAM, VARUN SHEEL, and PRABIR K. PATRA. "Satellite techniques for trace gas measurements." MAUSAM 54, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v54i1.1515.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Satellite measurements of atmospheric minor constituents are very useful as they provide frequent global coverage over a long period of time. Due to technical developments measurements of ozone and other related trace gases are becoming possible since the past decade even in the troposphere. Measurements in the infrared and microwave are being utilised with the advent of new technology. Different types of viewing geometries of satellite observations and retrieval algorithms are discussed with examples for temperature and ozone, respectively. Since India is capable of launching satellites, it is suggested that monitoring some of the key pollutants along with meteorological parameters will be important to understand their transport and chemistry in the tropical region using a low inclination orbit satellite.
10
Gucma, Maciej. "New threat to global transport. GNSS Receiver Spoofing." Archives of Transport 35, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1185170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transport and logistics in XXI century relies on the several technical systems for assuring safe and reliable operations. One of widely used systems are satellite positioning systems, used to monitoring transport means and cargo itself. Reliability of the whole transport chain is often combined with singular reliability of satellite monitoring system. Possible threats to precise positioning of any vehicle is GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) deliberate interference. So called spoofing interference can mislead receiver in transport objective for reporting entirely wrong position and timing. To fight with this phenomena’s antispoofing techniques are developed. This paper will provide a review of late researches in field of GNSS anti-spoofing on the side of receiver. GNSS receiver vulnerabilities for a spoofer (device) attack will be presented as well as anti-spoofing algorithms. Possible limitation, costs as well as countermeasures methods will be shown thoroughly. Some of recent trends in anti-spoofing techniques in the world will be outlined up to date.
11
Tsakiri, M., M. Stewart, T. Forward, D. Sandison, and J. Walker. "Urban Fleet Monitoring with GPS and GLONASS." Journal of Navigation 51, no. 3 (September 1998): 382–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463398007929.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing volume of traffic in urban areas has resulted in steady growth of the mean driving time on fixed routes. Longer driving times lead to significantly higher transportation costs, particularly for vehicle fleets, where efficiency in the distribution of their transport tasks is important in staying competitive in the market. For bus fleets, the optimal control and command of the vehicles is, as well as the economic requirements, a basic function of their general mission. The Global Positioning System (GPS) allows reliable and accurate positioning of public transport vehicles except within the physical limitations imposed by built-up city ‘urban canyons’. With a view to the next generation of satellite positioning systems for public transport fleet management, this paper highlights the limitations imposed on current GPS systems operating in the urban canyon. The capabilities of a future positioning system operating in this type of environment are discussed. It is suggested that such a system could comprise receivers capable of integrating the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Russian equivalent, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and relatively cheap dead-reckoning sensors.
12
Testeshev, A. A., V. D. Timohovez, and T. G. Mikeladze. "Identification of the Composition of Transport Streams for Remote Satellite Monitoring." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 463 (December 31, 2018): 022097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/463/2/022097.
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13
Panteleymonov, I. N., V. V. Filatov, V. S. Aleshin, A. V. Panteleymonova, and V. I. Kornienko. "A Model of an Advanced Communication System for Transmitting Space Monitoring Information to the Ground Control Complex for Reception and Processing of Information." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 12 (717) (December 2019): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-12-61-76.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The technology of data transmission from spacecraft of remote sensing of the Earth to reception points on the ground has certain disadvantages such as the inability to quickly receive remote sens-ing data and the need to store large amounts of information on board. The technology of data re-transmission from remote sensing satellites through geostationary satellites retransmitters Luch to the reception points on the ground has the following disadvantages: the inability to quickly receive data when the remote sensing spacecraft is in the central part of the Western Hemisphere and the need for early planning of retransmission sessions. The article presents advanced concepts of com-munication organization and algorithms for establishing connections between the spacecraft and the point of data reception and transmission via a geostationary satellite repeater. The concepts are based on the following modern technologies: the availability of inter-satellite communication lines between geostationary satellites retransmitters that transforms this segment of communication net-work into a transport digital network for data transmission; the application of network technology for data flow routing that enables data transmission in an automatic mode; the application of auto-matic technology for establishing connections between remote sensing satellites and geostationary satellites retransmitters that transforms the ground reception point into a subscriber of the transport digital network by analogy with mobile network.
14
Wang, Hong Hua. "The Intelligent Traffic Monitoring System Based on Beidou Research and Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most transportation monitoring systems are based on the U.S. GPS + GSM / GPRS / CDMA or shortwave radio communication network to achieve positioning and monitoring. This type of system positioning part, because the United States belong GPS applications in key areas may be controlled by others; monitoring transport vehicles through the mobile communication network, increasing the cost of the system, and does not have the characteristics of real-time monitoring. In this paper, the characteristics of the above proposed transport vehicle monitoring and dispatching system for China's own Beidou navigation system developed is based. The system uses positioning and communication system Beidou satellite communications, real-time monitoring of transport vehicles and scheduling, to ensure normal transport.
15
Kostianoy, A. G., E. V. Bulycheva, A. V. Semenov, and A. Krainyukov. "Satellite Monitoring Systems for Shipping and Offshore Oil and Gas Industry in the Baltic Sea." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ttj-2015-0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Shipping activities, oil production and transport in the sea, oil handled in harbors, construction and exploitation of offshore oil and gas pipelines have a number of negative impacts on the marine environment and coastal zone of the seas. In 2004-2014 we elaborated several operational satellite monitoring systems for oil and gas companies in Russia and performed integrated satellite monitoring of the ecological state of coastal waters in the Baltic, Black, Caspian, and Kara seas, which included observation of oil pollution, suspended matter, and algae bloom at a fully operational mode. These monitoring systems differ from the existing ones by the analysis of a wide spectrum of satellite, meteorological and oceanographic data, as well as by a numerical modeling of oil spill transformation and transport in real weather conditions. Our experience in the Baltic Sea includes: (1) integrated satellite monitoring of oil production at the LUKOIL-KMN Ltd. D-6 oil rig in the Southeastern Baltic Sea (Kravtsovskoe oil field) in 2004-2014; (2) integrated satellite monitoring of the “Nord Stream” underwater gas pipeline construction and exploitation in the Gulf of Finland (2010-2013); (3) numerical modeling of risks of oil pollution caused by shipping along the main maritime shipping routes in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Proper, and in the Southeastern Baltic Sea; (4) numerical modeling of risks of oil pollution caused by oil production at D-6 oil rig and oil transportation on shore via the connecting underwater oil pipeline.
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Kabir, Rabiul Hasan, and Kooktae Lee. "Wildlife Monitoring Using a Multi-UAV System with Optimal Transport Theory." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper addresses a wildlife monitoring problem using a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with the optimal transport theory. The state-of-the-art technology using UAVs has been an increasingly popular tool to monitor wildlife compared to the traditional methods such as satellite imagery-based sensing or GPS trackers. However, there still exist unsolved problems as to how the UAVs need to cover a spacious domain to detect animals as many as possible. In this paper, we propose the optimal transport-based wildlife monitoring strategy for a multi-UAV system, to prioritize monitoring areas while incorporating complementary information such as GPS trackers and satellite-based sensing. Through the proposed scheme, the UAVs can explore the large-size domain effectively and collaboratively with a given priority. The time-varying nature of wildlife due to their movements is modeled as a stochastic process, which is included in the proposed work to reflect the spatio-temporal evolution of their position estimation. In this way, the proposed monitoring plan can lead to wildlife monitoring with a high detection rate. Various simulation results including statistical data are provided to validate the proposed work. In all different simulations, it is shown that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms other UAV-based wildlife monitoring strategies in terms of the target detection rate up to 3.6 times.
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Testeshev, A., D. Gense, V. Timokhovets, T. Babich, and Y. Chichilanova. "Computerization of designing of urban transport systems using a remote satellite monitoring software product." E3S Web of Conferences 224 (2020): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022403012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The design of transport systems within the framework of programs for the integrated development of urban infrastructure is a cascading model that includes the stages of the analysis of target functions; monitoring of transport infrastructure; forecast transport demand; modeling of development scenarios; development, performance evaluation and verification of investment projects. To reduce resource costs, designers use a variety of hardware and software systems, the degree of security of which, their inherent advantages and disadvantages were identified during a statistical survey of employees of road facilities. According to the results of the study, to automate the collection of traffic characteristics at the monitoring stage, a software product was developed and patented to interpret a static image of a satellite image from online resources into the dynamic characteristics of traffic flows (speed, density, composition and traffic intensity). The functional apparatus of the product is the multiparameter equations of the theory of traffic flows, taking into account transport and road conditions. Assessment of the cost and capabilities of the developed software in comparison with foreign counterparts showed the vitality of this product.
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Melkiy, Vyacheslav A., Vladimir M. Pishchalnik, Valery A. Romanyuk, and Alexey A. Verkhoturov. "TASKS OF MONITORING THE SAKHALIN SHELF ZONE BY DATA’S SATELLITE SURVEYS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-4-1-33-40.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of the strategy of the Russian Federation in the development of the Far Eastern’s and Arctic seas is an active, qualitatively new industrial, infrastructural and social development of the North and the East. The Arctic shelf of Russia have the main reserve of oil and gas resources, which belongs to the number of unique areas of the world, in terms of hydrocarbon reserves. The objectives of the policy of mining enterprises aimed at increasing the reserves of offshore fields, introducing the latest equipment and technologies in their development, creating an infrastructure that can ensure the smooth and trouble-free operation of mining complexes and the transportation of products. It is necessary to create a digital platform for ensuring safe operation on the shelf, accumulating data from satellite surveys of transport infrastructure facilities, for monitoring the hydrometeorological, ice and navigation conditions in the waters of the Far Eastern Seas and the Northern Sea Route (NSR) for navigation and hydrographic support of ship traffic, as well as icebreaker assistances. The system should support the laying of ship navigation routes of transport vessels and icebreaking fleets, taking into account the navigation and ice conditions in the specified water area, the organization of search and rescue operations, elimination of the consequences of emergency spills, pollution from ships with harmful substances or garbage.
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Bedarev, Ivan, Vitaly Tikhonovskiy, Ksenia Tikhonovskaya, and Yuri Blynskiy. "Modern methods of navigation monitoring and positioning of agricultural machinery." АгроЭкоИнфо 5, no. 47 (October 26, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20215528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the state of transport monitoring systems used in agricultural production. The urgency of the problem is explained by the need to increase the profitability of enterprises of the agricultural complex. An effective way to solve the problem is strict control of the operation of transport used in the technological process of agricultural production in order to optimize and increase the efficiency of its operation. The direct dependence of the profitability of an agricultural enterprise on the monitoring of transport is considered and justified. To illustrate, the results of a survey conducted in 2020 by the staff of the Center for Forecasting and Monitoring of the Kuban State Agrarian University are used. It is concluded that monitoring systems make it possible to rationalize the process of cultivating arable land and significantly reduce fuel costs, and agricultural enterprises that do not use digital transformation technologies lose out in the competition to more modern companies. Keywords: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, MONITORING, POSITIONING, TRANSPORT, AGRICULTURE, GLONASS, GPS
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Dotsenko, A. I. "Ways to improve the efficiency of dump trucks for transporting asphalt mix." IMK-14 - Istrazivanje i razvoj 27, no. 2 (2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/imk2102041d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The system of operational quality control of asphalt concrete road surface during its transportation is considered. The implementation of information technology is carried out with the help of GLONASS / GPS satellite system, which in real time mode allows you to capture the required parameters. Then this information is transferred to the integrated management system of asphalt concrete plant (ASR). The system for monitoring parameters of asphalt concrete mixture is mounted on the basis of dump truck. The developed integral monitoring of quality control of an asphalt-concrete with the use of GLONASS / GPS system provides to increase productivity and quality of work performed, can reduce the influence of the human factor on the quality of finished road surface, provides remote monitoring of main parameters of not only the technical means but also laying material during non-standard situation adjustment of system parameters ASR-DUMP TRUCK-ASPHALT CONCRETE.
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van Peet, Jacob C. A., Ronald J. van der A, Hennie M. Kelder, and Pieternel F. Levelt. "Simultaneous assimilation of ozone profiles from multiple UV-VIS satellite instruments." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 3 (February 6, 2018): 1685–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1685-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. A three-dimensional global ozone distribution has been derived from assimilation of ozone profiles that were observed by satellites. By simultaneous assimilation of ozone profiles retrieved from the nadir looking satellite instruments Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), which measure the atmosphere at different times of the day, the quality of the derived atmospheric ozone field has been improved. The assimilation is using an extended Kalman filter in which chemical transport model TM5 has been used for the forecast. The combined assimilation of both GOME-2 and OMI improves upon the assimilation results of a single sensor. The new assimilation system has been demonstrated by processing 4 years of data from 2008 to 2011. Validation of the assimilation output by comparison with sondes shows that biases vary between −5 and +10 % between the surface and 100 hPa. The biases for the combined assimilation vary between −3 and +3 % in the region between 100 and 10 hPa where GOME-2 and OMI are most sensitive. This is a strong improvement compared to direct retrievals of ozone profiles from satellite observations.
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Vasilevsky, D. N., L. N. Vasilevskaya, I. A. Lisina, and B. B. Mushta. "Analysis of air pollution in Primorsky Krai in 2019-2020 according to GMAO/NASA satellite monitoring." Hydrometeorological research and forecasting 4 (December 16, 2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37162/2618-9631-2021-4-149-162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The results of modeling variations in atmospheric pollutants over Primorsky Krai in 2019 and 2020 based on GMAO/NASA satellite monitoring data are analyzed. It is shown that average annual concentrations of pollutants in 2020 decreased as compared to 2019: by 20–35% for sulfur dioxide; by 5–20% for sulfates; by 8–20% for carbon monoxide; by 25–40 % for particulate matter PM (1, 2.5, and 10 μm). One of the reasons for the air pollution decline in Primorsky Krai in 2020 is the reduction of anthropogenic load in the context of a decrease in industrial activity and traffic flows both in Primorye and in the adjacent areas of China. Episodes of high pollution in 2019 were formed under influence of the transboundary transport of polluted air masses. Keywords: air pollution, aerosol and chemical elements, transboundary transport, satellite monitoring, Primorsky Krai
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Liashenko, Dmytro, Dmytro Pavliuk, Vadym Belenok, and Vitalii Babii. "Forest areas remote monitoring within the limits of transport objects impact." Automobile Roads and Road Construction, no. 109 (2021): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2021-109-109-118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article studies the issues of using remote sensing data for the tasks of ensuring sustainable nature management in the territories within the influence of transport infrastructure objects. Peculiarities of remote monitoring for tasks of transport networks design and in the process of their operation are determined. The paper analyzes the development of modern remote sensing methods (satellite imagery, the use of mobile sensors installed on cars or aircraft). A brief overview of spatial data collecting methods for the tasks of managing the development of territories within the influence of transport infrastructure (roads, railways, etc.) has made. The article considers the experience of using remote sensing technologies to monitor changes in the parameters of forest cover in the Transcarpathian region (Ukraine) in areas near to highways, by use Landsat imagery.
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Melkiy, Vyacheslav A., Daniil V. Dolgopolov, and Alexey A. Verkhoturov. "POSSIBILITIES OF USING SATELLITE IMAGES AND GIS TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING INUNDATION OF PIPELINE SYSTEMS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-4-1-21-28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this research is the study of possibilities of practical use of multi-zone satellite images for implementation of geotechnical monitoring of pipeline transport facilities during floodings. Modern methods and approaches are required for monitoring extended objects and analyzing large amount of remote sensing data. Such methods can be applied for studying of spectral characteristics of the Earth's surface obtained using space systems, collected in databases using geoinformation technologies (GIS). Use of special indexes and technologies for automated interpretation of multi-zone satellite images allows obtaining and analyzing information about state of pipeline systems at time of flooding. Research showed that Sentinel-2 satellite data makes it possible for fairly correctly determine of flood situation by image indexed with using of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and highlight areas and objects flooded of water.
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SARBAEV, V. I., A. G. GUSEV, A. S. CHUSOVA, and V. V. YUZHAKOV. "USE OF SATELLITE TRANSPORT MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR THE QUALITY OF BUS MANAGEMENT ON THE LINE." World of transport and technological machines 72, no. 1 (2021): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2021-72-1-36-40.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The possibilities of using satellite transport monitoring systems for the quality of bus man-agement on the line, in order to prevent conflict and emergency situations, are considered. Statis-tical data on accidents on the line of a small bus company and the possibility of using the results of GPS monitoring to work with drivers to ensure road safety are provided. The results of using the «ERA-GLONASS» system in a small bus company are presented.
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Agafonov, A. A., A. V. Chernov, and A. V. Sergeev. "Using satellite monitoring and statistical data to predict arrival time of city public transport." Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 25, no. 3 (July 2015): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054661815030013.
Повний текст джерела
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Drosoglou, Theano, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Irene Zyrichidou, Natalia Kouremeti, Anastasia Poupkou, Natalia Liora, Christos Giannaros, Maria Elissavet Koukouli, Dimitris Balis, and Dimitrios Melas. "Comparisons of ground-based tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> MAX-DOAS measurements to satellite observations with the aid of an air quality model over the Thessaloniki area, Greece." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 9 (May 11, 2017): 5829–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5829-2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. One of the main issues arising from the comparison of ground-based and satellite measurements is the difference in spatial representativeness, which for locations with inhomogeneous spatial distribution of pollutants may lead to significant differences between the two data sets. In order to investigate the spatial variability of tropospheric NO2 within a sub-satellite pixel, a campaign which lasted for about 6 months was held in the greater area of Thessaloniki, Greece. Three multi-axial differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) systems performed measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns at different sites representative of urban, suburban and rural conditions. The direct comparison of these ground-based measurements with corresponding products from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument onboard NASA's Aura satellite (OMI/Aura) showed good agreement over the rural and suburban areas, while the comparison with the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) onboard EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites' (MetOp-A and MetOp-B) observations is good only over the rural area. GOME-2A and GOME-2B sensors show an average underestimation of tropospheric NO2 over the urban area of about 10.51 ± 8.32 × 1015 and 10.21 ± 8.87 × 1015 molecules cm−2, respectively. The mean difference between ground-based and OMI observations is significantly lower (6.60 ± 5.71 × 1015 molecules cm−2). The differences found in the comparisons of MAX-DOAS data with the different satellite sensors can be attributed to the higher spatial resolution of OMI, as well as the different overpass times and NO2 retrieval algorithms of the satellites. OMI data were adjusted using factors calculated by an air quality modeling tool, consisting of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale meteorological model and the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) multiscale photochemical transport model. This approach resulted in significant improvement of the comparisons over the urban monitoring site. The average difference of OMI observations from MAX-DOAS measurements was reduced to −1.68 ± 5.01 × 1015 molecules cm−2.
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Kwiatkowska, E. J., K. Ruddick, D. Ramon, Q. Vanhellemont, C. Brockmann, C. Lebreton, and H. G. Bonekamp. "Ocean colour products from geostationary platforms, opportunities with Meteosat Second and Third Generation." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 6 (December 21, 2015): 3143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-3143-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Ocean colour applications from medium-resolution polar-orbiting satellite sensors have now matured and evolved into operational services. The examples include the Sentinel-3 OLCI missions of the European Earth Observation Copernicus programme and the VIIRS missions of the US Joint Polar Satellite System programme. Key drivers for Copernicus ocean colour services are the national obligations of the EU member states to report on the quality of marine, coastal and inland waters for the EU Water Framework Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Further applications include CO2 sequestration, carbon cycle and climate, fisheries and aquaculture management, near-real-time alerting to harmful algae blooms, environmental monitoring and forecasting, and assessment of sediment transport in coastal waters. Ocean colour data from polar-orbiting satellite platforms, however, suffer from fractional coverage, primarily due to clouds, and inadequate resolution of quickly varying processes. Ocean colour remote sensing from geostationary platforms can provide significant improvements in coverage and sampling frequency and support new applications and services. EUMETSAT's SEVIRI instrument on the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation platforms (MSG) is not designed to meet ocean colour mission requirements, however, it has been demonstrated to provide valuable contribution, particularly in combination with dedicated ocean colour polar observations. This paper describes the ongoing effort to develop operational ocean colour water turbidity and related products and user services from SEVIRI. A survey of user requirements and a study of technical capabilities and limitations of the SEVIRI instruments are the basis for this development and are described in this paper. The products will support monitoring of sediment transport, water clarity, and tidal dynamics. Further products and services are anticipated from EUMETSAT's FCI instruments on Meteosat Third Generation satellites (MTG), including potential chlorophyll a products.
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Luo, Jingning, Fuxiang Huang, Song Gao, Song Liu, Ruixia Liu, and Abhay Devasthale. "Satellite Monitoring of the Dust Storm over Northern China on 15 March 2021." Atmosphere 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020157.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Northern China was hit by a severe dust storm on 15 March 2021, covering a large area and bring devastating impact to a degree that was unprecedented in more than a decade. In the study, we carried out a day-and-night continuous monitoring to the path of the moving dust, using multi-spectral data from the Chinese FY-4A satellite combined with the Japanese Himawary-8 from visible to near-infrared, mid-infrared and far-infrared bands. We monitored the whole process of the dust weather from the occurrence, development, transportation and extinction. The HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) backward tracking results showed the following two main sources of dust affecting Beijing during the north China dust storm: one is from western Mongolia; the other is from arid and semi-arid regions of northwest of China. Along with the dust storm, the upper air mass, mainly from Siberia, brought a significant decrease in temperature. The transport path of the dust shown by the HYSPLIT backward tracking is consistent with that revealed by the satellite monitoring. The dust weather, which originated in western Mongolia, developed into the “3.15 dust storm” in north China, lasting more than 40 h, with a transport distance of 3900 km, and caused severe decline in air quality in northern China, the Korean peninsula and other regions. It is the most severe dust weather in the past 20 years in east Asia.
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Grieco, Giuseppe, Guido Masiello, and Carmine Serio. "Operational Monitoring of Trace Gases over the Mediterranean Sea." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/318608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes the operational implementation of the processorφ-IASI over the Mediterranean sea. Theφ-IASI model implements two physically based inversion algorithms for the sequential retrieval of (a) the thermodynamic state of the atmosphere and (b) the tropospheric content of CO, CO2, CH4, and N2O from hyperspectral radiance observations of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). The retrieval algorithm for trace gases exploits the concept ofpartially scanned interferogramtechnique, which is a tool mostly suited for Fourier transform spectrometers in the infrared. Minor and trace gases retrievals for July 2010 are presented and compared to in situ observations from five Mediterranean, permanent, stations of the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) network. The comparison evidences a good general consistency between satellite and in situ observations. IASI retrievals show a marked southeastern gradient, which is shown to be consistent with the general tropospheric circulation over the Mediterranean basin. These patterns are barely seen from in situ observations, a fact which stresses the importance of satellite (trace gases) data assimilation to improve the performance and quality of trace gases transport models.
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Gohin, F. "Joint use of satellite and in-situ data for coastal monitoring." Ocean Science Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 3, 2011): 955–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-8-955-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Sea surface Temperature, Chlorophyll and turbidity are three variables of the coastal environment commonly measured by monitoring networks. The observation networks are often based on coastal stations which do not provide a sufficient coverage to val-idate the model outputs or to be used in assimilation over the continental shelf. Conversely, the products derived from satellite reflectance show generally a decreasing quality shoreward and an accurate assessment of these data is required. In this text, we show that the satellite-derived chlorophyll products, obtained through a dedicated coastal algorithm, fulfil the first requirement of a monitoring system: the ability to represent correctly the mean annual cycle. The annual cycle, mean and percentile 90 of the chlorophyll concentration, derived from MERIS/ESA and MODIS/NASA, have been compared to in-situ observations at twenty six selected stations from the Mediterranean Sea to the North-Sea. Keeping in mind the validation, the forcing or the assimilation in hydrological, sediment-transport or ecological models, the non-algal Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is also a parameter which is expected from the satellite imagery. However, the monitoring networks measure essentially the turbidity and a consistency between chlorophyll, representative of the phytoplankton biomass, non-algal SPM, and turbidity is required. In this study, we derive the satellite turbidity from chlorophyll and non-algal SPM with a common formula applied to in-situ or satellite observations. The distribution of the satellite-derived turbidity shows the same main statistical characteristics that measured in-situ; which satisfies our first condition to monitor the long-term changes or the large-scale spatial variation over the continental shelf and along the shore. For the first time, maps of turbidity, so useful for the surveillance of the benthic habitats, are proposed operationally from space on areas as different as the Southern North-Sea or the Western Mediterranean Sea, with validation at coastal stations.
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Ward, N. "Monitoring the Integrity of GNSS." Journal of Navigation 47, no. 2 (May 1994): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300012108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the study on which this paper is based was to establish whether there was a maritime requirement for a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integrity monitoring and warning service in UK and Irish waters, and, if so, how best it could be established and operated.The scope of the study extended to all maritime users: merchant ships; fishing vessels; pleasure craft; and all aspects of the voyage: harbour/harbour approach; coastal and ocean passage.It has been assumed that the United States Global Positioning System (GPS) would be the system adopted, since it is the closest to an operational state. However, most of the technical considerations would apply equally to the Russian GLONASS or any future replacement system under international control.The views expressed are those of the author, and should not be taken to represent the policies of the Department of Transport or any of the other bodies mentioned.
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Pawar, Pooja V., Sachin D. Ghude, Chinmay Jena, Andrea Móring, Mark A. Sutton, Santosh Kulkarni, Deen Mani Lal, et al. "Analysis of atmospheric ammonia over South and East Asia based on the MOZART-4 model and its comparison with satellite and surface observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 8 (April 27, 2021): 6389–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6389-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Limited availability of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) observations limits our understanding of controls on its spatial and temporal variability and its interactions with the ecosystem. Here we used the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers version 4 (MOZART-4) global chemistry transport model and the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution version 2 (HTAP-v2) emission inventory to simulate global NH3 distribution for the year 2010. We presented a first comparison of the model with monthly averaged satellite distributions and limited ground-based observations available across South Asia. The MOZART-4 simulations over South Asia and East Asia were evaluated with the NH3 retrievals obtained from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite and 69 ground-based monitoring stations for air quality across South Asia and 32 ground-based monitoring stations from the Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN) of China. We identified the northern region of India (Indo-Gangetic Plain, IGP) as a hotspot for NH3 in Asia, both using the model and satellite observations. In general, a close agreement was found between yearly averaged NH3 total columns simulated by the model and IASI satellite measurements over the IGP, South Asia (r=0.81), and the North China Plain (NCP), East Asia (r=0.90). However, the MOZART-4-simulated NH3 column was substantially higher over South Asia than East Asia, as compared with the IASI retrievals, which show smaller differences. Model-simulated surface NH3 concentrations indicated smaller concentrations in all seasons than surface NH3 measured by the ground-based observations over South and East Asia, although uncertainties remain in the available surface NH3 measurements. Overall, the comparison of East Asia and South Asia using both MOZART-4 model and satellite observations showed smaller NH3 columns in East Asia compared with South Asia for comparable emissions, indicating rapid dissipation of NH3 due to secondary aerosol formation, which can be explained by larger emissions of acidic precursor gases in East Asia.
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Kuhlmann, Gerrit, Dominik Brunner, Grégoire Broquet, and Yasjka Meijer. "Quantifying CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of a city with the Copernicus Anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> Monitoring satellite mission." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 6733–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6733-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We investigate the potential of the Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring (CO2M) mission, a proposed constellation of CO2 imaging satellites, to estimate the CO2 emissions of a city on the example of Berlin, the capital of Germany. On average, Berlin emits about 20 Mt CO2 yr−1 during satellite overpass (11:30 LT). The study uses synthetic satellite observations of a constellation of up to six satellites generated from 1 year of high-resolution atmospheric transport simulations. The emissions were estimated by (1) an analytical atmospheric inversion applied to the plume of Berlin simulated by the same model that was used to generate the synthetic observations and (2) a mass-balance approach that estimates the CO2 flux through multiple cross sections of the city plume detected by a plume detection algorithm. The plume was either detected from CO2 observations alone or from additional nitrogen dioxide (NO2) observations on the same platform. The two approaches were set up to span the range between (i) the optimistic assumption of a perfect transport model that provides an accurate prediction of plume location and CO2 background and (ii) the pessimistic assumption that plume location and background can only be determined reliably from the satellite observations. Often unfavorable meteorological conditions allowed us to successfully apply the analytical inversion to only 11 out of 61 overpasses per satellite per year on average. From a single overpass, the instantaneous emissions of Berlin could be estimated with an average precision of 3.0 to 4.2 Mt yr−1 (15 %–21 % of emissions during overpass) depending on the assumed instrument noise ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 ppm. Applying the mass-balance approach required the detection of a sufficiently large plume, which on average was only possible on three overpasses per satellite per year when using CO2 observations for plume detection. This number doubled to six estimates when the plumes were detected from NO2 observations due to the better signal-to-noise ratio and lower sensitivity to clouds of the measurements. Compared to the analytical inversion, the mass-balance approach had a lower precision ranging from 8.1 to 10.7 Mt yr−1 (40 % to 53 %), because it is affected by additional uncertainties introduced by the estimation of the location of the plume, the CO2 background field, and the wind speed within the plume. These uncertainties also resulted in systematic biases, especially without the NO2 observations. An additional source of bias was non-separable fluxes from outside of Berlin. Annual emissions were estimated by fitting a low-order periodic spline to the individual estimates to account for the seasonal variability of the emissions, but we did not account for the diurnal cycle of emissions, which is an additional source of uncertainty that is difficult to characterize. The analytical inversion was able to estimate annual emissions with an accuracy of < 1.1 Mt yr−1 (< 6 %) even with only one satellite, but this assumes perfect knowledge of plume location and CO2 background. The accuracy was much smaller when applying the mass-balance approach, which determines plume location and background directly from the satellite observations. At least two satellites were necessary for the mass-balance approach to have a sufficiently large number of estimates distributed over the year to robustly fit a spline, but even then the accuracy was low (> 8 Mt yr−1 (>40 %)) when using the CO2 observations alone. When using the NO2 observations to detect the plume, the accuracy could be greatly improved to 22 % and 13 % with two and three satellites, respectively. Using the complementary information provided by the CO2 and NO2 observations on the CO2M mission, it should be possible to quantify annual emissions of a city like Berlin with an accuracy of about 10 % to 20 %, even in the pessimistic case that plume location and CO2 background have to be determined from the observations alone. This requires, however, that the temporal coverage of the constellation is sufficiently high to resolve the temporal variability of emissions.
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Sessions, W. R., H. E. Fuelberg, R. A. Kahn, and D. M. Winker. "An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2010): 26551–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-26551-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) is considered a "next generation" mesoscale meteorology model. The inclusion of a chemistry module (WRF-Chem) allows transport simulations of chemical and aerosol species such as those observed during NASA's Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) in 2008. The ARCTAS summer deployment phase during June and July coincided with large boreal wildfires in Saskatchewan and Eastern Russia. One of the most important aspects of simulating wildfire plume transport is the height at which emissions are injected. WRF-Chem contains an integrated one-dimensional plume rise model to determine the appropriate injection layer. The plume rise model accounts for thermal buoyancy associated with fires and the local atmospheric stability. This study compares results from the plume model against those of two more traditional injection methods: Injecting within the planetary boundary layer, and in a layer 3–5 km above ground level. Fire locations are satellite derived from the GOES Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) and the MODIS thermal hotspot detection. Two methods for preprocessing these fire data are compared: The prep_chem_sources method included with WRF-Chem, and the Naval Research Laboratory's Fire Locating and Monitoring of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE). Results from the simulations are compared with satellite-derived products from the AIRS, MISR and CALIOP sensors. Results show that the FLAMBE pre-processor produces more realistic injection heights than does prep_chem_sources. The plume rise model using FLAMBE provides the best agreement with satellite-observed injection heights. Conversely, when the planetary boundary layer or the 3–5 km AGL layer were filled with emissions, the resulting injection heights exhibit less agreement with observed plume heights. Results indicate that differences in injection heights produce different transport pathways. These differences are especially pronounced in areas of strong vertical wind shear and when the integration period is long.
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Vermeulen, Estee Ann, Björn Backeberg, Juliet Hermes, and Shane Elipot. "Investigating the relationship between volume transport and sea surface height in a numerical ocean model." Ocean Science 15, no. 3 (May 14, 2019): 513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-15-513-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Agulhas Current Time-series Experiment mooring array (ACT) measured transport of the Agulhas Current at 34∘ S for a period of 3 years. Using along-track satellite altimetry data directly above the array, a proxy of Agulhas Current transport was developed based on the relationship between cross-current sea surface height (SSH) gradients and the measured transports. In this study, the robustness of the proxy is tested within a numerical modelling framework using a 34-year-long regional hindcast simulation from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). The model specifically tested the sensitivity of the transport proxy to (1) changes in the vertical structure of the current and to (2) different sampling periods used to calculate the proxy. Two reference proxies were created using HYCOM data from 2010 to 2013 by extracting model data at the mooring positions and along the satellite altimeter track for the box (net) transport and the jet (southwestward) transport. Sensitivity tests were performed where the proxy was recalculated from HYCOM for (1) a period where the modelled vertical stratification was different compared to the reference proxy and (2) different lengths of time periods: 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 34 years. Compared to the simulated (native) transports, it was found that the HYCOM proxy was more capable of estimating the box transport of the Agulhas Current compared to the jet transport. This was because the model is unable to resolve the dynamics associated with meander events, for which the jet transport algorithm was developed. The HYCOM configuration in this study contained exaggerated levels of offshore variability in the form of frequently impinging baroclinic anticyclonic eddies. These eddies consequently broke down the linear relationship between SSH slope and vertically integrated transport. Lastly, results showed that calculating the proxy over shorter or longer time periods in the model did not significantly impact the skill of the Agulhas transport proxy. Modelling studies of this kind provide useful information towards advancing our understanding of the sensitivities and limitations of transport proxies that are needed to improve long-term ocean monitoring approaches.
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Kwiatkowska, Ewa J., Kevin Ruddick, Didier Ramon, Quinten Vanhellemont, Carsten Brockmann, Carole Lebreton, and Hans G. Bonekamp. "Ocean colour opportunities from Meteosat Second and Third Generation geostationary platforms." Ocean Science 12, no. 3 (May 25, 2016): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-12-703-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Ocean colour applications from medium-resolution polar-orbiting satellite sensors have now matured and evolved into operational services. These applications are enabled by the Sentinel-3 OLCI space sensors of the European Earth Observation Copernicus programme and the VIIRS sensors of the US Joint Polar Satellite System programme. Key drivers for the Copernicus ocean colour services are the national obligations of the EU member states to report on the quality of marine, coastal and inland waters for the EU Water Framework Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Further applications include CO2 sequestration, carbon cycle and climate, fisheries and aquaculture management, near-real-time alerting to harmful algae blooms, environmental monitoring and forecasting, and assessment of sediment transport in coastal waters. Ocean colour data from polar-orbiting satellite platforms, however, suffer from fractional coverage, primarily due to clouds, and inadequate resolution of quickly varying processes. Ocean colour remote sensing from geostationary platforms can provide significant improvements in coverage and sampling frequency and support new applications and services. EUMETSAT's SEVIRI instrument on the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation platforms (MSG) is not designed to meet ocean colour mission requirements, however, it has been demonstrated to provide valuable contribution, particularly in combination with dedicated ocean colour polar observations. This paper describes the ongoing effort to develop operational ocean colour water turbidity and related products and user services from SEVIRI. SEVIRI's multi-temporal capabilities can benefit users requiring improved local-area coverage and frequent diurnal observations. A survey of user requirements and a study of technical capabilities and limitations of the SEVIRI instruments are the basis for this development and are described in this paper. The products will support monitoring of sediment transport, water clarity, and tidal dynamics by providing hourly coverage and long-term time series of the diurnal observations. Further products and services are anticipated from EUMETSAT's FCI instruments on Meteosat Third Generation satellites (MTG), including potential chlorophyll a products.
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Wenig, M., N. Spichtinger, A. Stohl, G. Held, S. Beirle, T. Wagner, B. Jähne, and U. Platt. "Intercontinental transport of nitrogen oxide pollution plumes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2, no. 6 (November 19, 2002): 2151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-2-2151-2002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We describe the first satellite observation of intercontinental transport of nitrogen oxides emitted by power plants, verified by simulations with a particle tracer model. The analysis of such episodes shows that anthropogenic NOx plumes may influence the atmospheric chemistry thousands of kilometers away from its origin, as well as the ocean they traverse due to nitrogen fertilization. This kind of monitoring became possible by applying an improved algorithm to extract the tropospheric fraction of NO2 from the spectral data coming from the GOME instrument. As an example we show the observation of NO2 in the time period 4--14 May, 1998, from the South African Plateau to Australia which was possible due to favourable weather conditions during that time period which availed the satellite measurement. This episode was also simulated with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART which uses NOx emissions taken from an inventory for industrial emissions in South Africa and is driven with analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Additionally lightning emissions were added by utilizing Lightning Imaging Sensor data. Lightning NOx was found to amount to around 10% of the resulting concentrations. Both, the measured and simulated emission plume show matching patterns while traversing the Indian Ocean to Australia and show great resemblance to the aerosol and CO2 transport observed by Piketh et al. (2000)
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Wenig, M., N. Spichtinger, A. Stohl, G. Held, S. Beirle, T. Wagner, B. Jähne, and U. Platt. "Intercontinental transport of nitrogen oxide pollution plumes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 2 (April 3, 2003): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-387-2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We describe the first satellite observation of intercontinental transport of nitrogen oxides emitted by power plants, verified by simulations with a particle tracer model. The analysis of such episodes shows that anthropogenic NOx plumes may influence the atmospheric chemistry thousands of kilometers away from its origin, as well as the ocean they traverse due to nitrogen fertilization. This kind of monitoring became possible by applying an improved algorithm to extract the tropospheric fraction of NO2 from the spectral data coming from the GOME instrument. As an example we show the observation of NO2 in the time period 4--14 May, 1998, from the South African Plateau to Australia which was possible due to favourable weather conditions during that time period which availed the satellite measurement. This episode was also simulated with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART which uses NOx emissions taken from an inventory for industrial emissions in South Africa and is driven with analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Additionally lightning emissions were taken into account by utilizing Lightning Imaging Sensor data. Lightning was found to contribute probably not more than 25% of the resulting concentrations. Both, the measured and simulated emission plume show matching patterns while traversing the Indian Ocean to Australia and show great resemblance to the aerosol and CO2 transport observed by Piketh et al. (2000).
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Erena, Manuel, José A. Domínguez, Joaquín F. Atenza, Sandra García-Galiano, Juan Soria, and Ángel Pérez-Ruzafa. "Bathymetry Time Series Using High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images." Water 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of the new generation of remote sensors, such as echo sounders and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers with differential correction installed in a drone, allows the acquisition of high-precision data in areas of shallow water, as in the case of the channel of the Encañizadas in the Mar Menor lagoon. This high precision information is the first step to develop the methodology to monitor the bathymetry of the Mar Menor channels. The use of high spatial resolution satellite images is the solution for monitoring many hydrological changes and it is the basis of the three-dimensional (3D) numerical models used to study transport over time, environmental variability, and water ecosystem complexity.
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Ponzo, Felice Carlo, Chiara Iacovino, Rocco Ditommaso, Manuela Bonano, Riccardo Lanari, Francesco Soldovieri, Vincenzo Cuomo, Francesca Bozzano, Paolo Ciampi, and Matteo Rompato. "Transport Infrastructure SHM Using Integrated SAR Data and On-Site Vibrational Acquisitions: “Ponte Della Musica–Armando Trovajoli” Case Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 6504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146504.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents the first results obtained by applying in situ and remote-sensing methodologies to monitor the Ponte della Musica-Armando Trovajoli located in Rome, within the activities of the WP6 “Structural Health Monitoring and Satellite Data” 2019-21 Reluis Project. In particular, the use of remote-sensing Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (DInSAR) measurements provided a spatial map of the displacement of the investigated infrastructure and the corresponding time-series, with the aim of monitoring deformation phenomena, focusing on the local scale analysis, which produces suitable results for urban monitoring and damage assessment. The DInSAR results have been integrated with the identification of the dynamic characteristics of the bridge, performed through an experimental campaign of ambient vibration measurements carried out in October 2020 and with the local-scale definition of the engineering geological setting of the foundation soil. The subsoil of the bridge is constituted by more than 50 m of recent alluvial deposits resting on Pliocene stiff clay acting as a geological bedrock. A substantially stable behavior of the bridge structural elements has been observed based on the analysis of both satellite and velocimetric data. This case represents a good example about how the integration of in situ sensors with remotely sensed data and the exploitation of a detailed knowledge regarding the on-site conditions represent a key factor for a sustainable structural and infrastructural monitoring and can support the planning both of maintenance and safety management.
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Lathrop, Richard G., John R. Vande Castle, and Thomas M. Lillesand. "Monitoring River Plume Transport and Mesoscale Circulation in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, Through Satellite Remote Sensing." Journal of Great Lakes Research 16, no. 3 (January 1990): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0380-1330(90)71439-6.
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Butler, Martha P., Thomas Lauvaux, Sha Feng, Junjie Liu, Kevin W. Bowman, and Kenneth J. Davis. "Atmospheric Simulations of Total Column CO2 Mole Fractions from Global to Mesoscale within the Carbon Monitoring System Flux Inversion Framework." Atmosphere 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2020): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080787.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Quantifying the uncertainty of inversion-derived CO2 surface fluxes and attributing the uncertainty to errors in either flux or atmospheric transport simulations continue to be challenges in the characterization of surface sources and sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2). Despite recent studies inferring fluxes while using higher-resolution modeling systems, the utility of regional-scale models remains unclear when compared to existing coarse-resolution global systems. Here, we present an off-line coupling of the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to optimized biogenic CO2 fluxes and mole fractions from the global Carbon Monitoring System inversion system (CMS-Flux). The coupling framework consists of methods to constrain the mass of CO2 introduced into WRF, effectively nesting our regional domain covering most of North America (except the northern half of Canada) within the CMS global model. We test the coupling by simulating Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (XCO2) over North America for 2010. We find mean model-model differences in summer of ∼0.12 ppm, significantly lower than the original coupling scheme (from 0.5 to 1.5 ppm, depending on the boundary). While 85% of the XCO2 values are due to long-range transport from outside our North American domain, most of the model-model differences appear to be due to transport differences in the fraction of the troposphere below 850 hPa. Satellite data from GOSAT and tower and aircraft data are used to show that vertical transport above the Planetary Boundary Layer is responsible for significant model-model differences in the horizontal distribution of column XCO2 across North America.
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Jégou, F., S. Godin-Beekman, M. P. Corrêa, C. Brogniez, F. Auriol, V. H. Peuch, M. Haeffelin, et al. "Validity of satellite measurements used for the monitoring of UV radiation risk on health." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 6 (June 21, 2011): 17375–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-17375-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In order to test the validity of ultraviolet index (UVI) satellite products and UVI model simulations for general public information, intercomparison involving three satellite instruments (SCIAMACHY, OMI and GOME-2), the Chemistry and Transport Model, Modélisation de la Chimie Atmosphérique Grande Echelle (MOCAGE), and ground-based instruments was performed in 2008 and 2009. The intercomparison highlighted a systematic high bias of ~1 UVI in the OMI clear-sky products compared to the SCIAMACHY and TUV model clear-sky products. The OMI and GOME-2 all-sky products are close to the ground-based observations with a low 6 % positive bias, comparable to the results found during the satellite validation campaigns. This result shows that OMI and GOME-2 all-sky products are well appropriate to evaluate the UV-risk on health. The study has pointed out the difficulty to take into account either in the retrieval algorithms or in the models, the large spatial and temporal cloud modification effect on UV radiation. This factor is crucial to provide good quality UV information. OMI and GOME-2 show a realistic UV variability as a function of the cloud cover. Nevertheless these satellite products do not sufficiently take into account the radiation reflected by clouds. MOCAGE numerical forecasts show good results during periods with low cloud covers, but are actually not adequate for overcast conditions; this is why Météo-France currently uses human-expertised cloudiness (rather than direct outputs from Numerical Prediction Models) together with MOCAGE clear-sky UV indices for its operational forecasts. From now on, the UV monitoring could be done using free satellite products (OMI, GOME-2) and operational forecast for general public by using modelling, as long as cloud forecasts and the parametrisation of the impact of cloudiness on UV radiation are adequate.
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Jégou, F., S. Godin-Beekman, M. P. Corrêa, C. Brogniez, F. Auriol, V. H. Peuch, M. Haeffelin, et al. "Validity of satellite measurements used for the monitoring of UV radiation risk on health." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 24 (December 22, 2011): 13377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13377-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In order to test the validity of ultraviolet index (UVI) satellite products and UVI model simulations for general public information, intercomparison involving three satellite instruments (SCIAMACHY, OMI and GOME-2), the Chemistry and Transport Model, Modélisation de la Chimie Atmosphérique Grande Echelle (MOCAGE), and ground-based instruments was performed in 2008 and 2009. The intercomparison highlighted a systematic high bias of ~1 UVI in the OMI clear-sky products compared to the SCIAMACHY and TUV model clear-sky products. The OMI and GOME-2 all-sky products are close to the ground-based observations with a low 6 % positive bias, comparable to the results found during the satellite validation campaigns. This result shows that OMI and GOME-2 all-sky products are well appropriate to evaluate the UV-risk on health. The study has pointed out the difficulty to take into account either in the retrieval algorithms or in the models, the large spatial and temporal cloud modification effect on UV radiation. This factor is crucial to provide good quality UV information. OMI and GOME-2 show a realistic UV variability as a function of the cloud cover. Nevertheless these satellite products do not sufficiently take into account the radiation reflected by clouds. MOCAGE numerical forecasts show good results during periods with low cloud covers, but are actually not adequate for overcast conditions; this is why Météo-France currently uses human-expertised cloudiness (rather than direct outputs from Numerical Prediction Models) together with MOCAGE clear-sky UV indices for its operational forecasts. From now on, the UV monitoring could be done using free satellite products (OMI, GOME-2) and operational forecast for general public by using modelling, as long as cloud forecasts and the parametrisation of the impact of cloudiness on UV radiation are adequate.
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Romanovskaya, A. Yu, and I. Yu Savin. "Modern techniques for monitoring wind soil erosion." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 104 (December 3, 2020): 110–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-110-157.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents a scientific literature review in the field of modern methods of monitoring wind erosion of soils such as: visual indicators of erosion, erosion bridge, close-range photogrammetry, cesium-137 and remote sensing cover. The brief description of each method, advantages and disadvantages, conditions and limitations of their applicability are given. When choosing the method, it is necessary to take into account the monitoring conditions, the area of the territory under consideration and the scale of research, time frames, financial and labor resources. It has been established that the most relevant, economically justified and promising, especially on large territories, are the remote sensing methods, which allow monitoring on different scales, and not only estimating the erosion activity, but also predicting it, thus providing the parties concerned with the necessary information for making right, prompt and timely economic decisions, aimed both at combating wind erosion and elimination of its consequences, and for organizing preventive measures as well. To improve the effectiveness of these methods it is also necessary to create databases, expand and accumulate soil information that can help verify, refine, process and calibrate the satellite data obtained. In order to understand aeolian processes and dust particle transport mechanisms one should create integrated methods that include remote sensing data, meteorological data, on the basis of which the improved models and maps would be developed, and erosion processes would be predicted. The scientific literature is mostly devoted to the interpretation of wind erosion in arid and semi-arid zones. The possibility of satellite monitoring of soil erosion in arable fields remains poorly studied. There are also practically no research results available on the transport of chemicals with micro-particles due to wind erosion. Both in Russia and abroad the attempts are made in soil erosion modelling, but the quality of the models is very limited by the lack of field data required for their calibration and verification. Eroded soils in the country are still identified using ground-based methods. However, field studies can only be conducted in a very limited area, in a few key points, and as a matter of fact it is quite complicated to conduct field studies on actively used agricultural lands.
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Zhang, Ying, and Bert Guindon. "Using satellite remote sensing to survey transport-related urban sustainability." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 8, no. 3 (September 2006): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2005.08.005.
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Guindon, Bert, and Ying Zhang. "Using satellite remote sensing to survey transport-related urban sustainability." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 9, no. 3 (August 2007): 276–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2006.09.006.
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Kikaki, Aikaterini, Konstantinos Karantzalos, Caroline A. Power, and Dionysios E. Raitsos. "Remotely Sensing the Source and Transport of Marine Plastic Debris in Bay Islands of Honduras (Caribbean Sea)." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111727.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plastic debris in the global ocean is considered an important issue with severe implications for human health and marine ecosystems. Here, we exploited high-resolution multispectral satellite observations over the Bay Islands and Gulf of Honduras, for the period 2014-2019, to investigate the capability of satellite sensors in detecting marine plastic debris. We verified findings with in situ data, recorded the spectral characteristics of floating plastic litter, and identified plastic debris trajectories and sources. The results showed that plastic debris originating from Guatemala’s and Honduras’ rivers (such as Motagua, Ulua, Cangrejal, Tinto and Aguan) ends up in the Caribbean Sea, mainly during the period of August to March, which includes the main rainfall season. The detected spatial trajectories indicated that floating plastic debris travels with an average speed of 6 km d−1, following primarily a southwest (SW) to northeast (NE) direction, driven by the prevailing sea surface currents. Based on several satellite observations, there is no indication of a specific accumulation point, since plastic debris is dispersed by the dynamic circulation in the broader region. Our findings provide evidence that satellite remote sensing is a valuable, cost-effective tool for monitoring the sources and pathways of plastic debris in marine ecosystems, and thus could eventually support management strategies in the global ocean.
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Popov, Sergey, Vladimir Zaborovsky, Leonid Kurochkin, Maksim Sharagin, and Lei Zhang. "Method of Dynamic Selection of Satellite Navigation System in the Autonomous Mode of Positioning." SPIIRAS Proceedings 18, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 302–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/sp.18.2.302-325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, the list of applications that require accurate operational positioning is constantly growing. These tasks include: tasks of managing groups of Autonomous mobile robots, geodetic tasks of high-precision positioning, navigation and monitoring tasks in intelligent transport systems. Satellite navigation systems are a data source for operational positioning in such tasks. Today, global and local satellite navigation systems are actively used: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo. They are characterized by different completeness of satellite constellation deployment, which determines the accuracy of operational positioning in a particular geographical point, which depends on number of satellites available for observation, as well as the characteristics of the receiver, landscape features, weather conditions and the possibility of using differential corrections. The widespread use of differential corrections at the moment is not possible due to the fact that number of stable operating reference stations is limited - the Earth is covered by them unevenly; reliable data networks necessary for the transmission of differential corrections are also not deployed everywhere; budget versions of single-channel receivers of the navigation signal are widely used, which do not allow the use of differential corrections. In this case, there is a problem of operational choice of the system or a combination of satellite positioning systems, providing the most accurate navigation data. This paper presents a comparison of static and dynamic methods for selecting a system or a combination of satellite positioning systems that provide the most accurate definition of the object's own coordinates when using a single-channel receiver of navigation signals in offline mode. The choice is made on the basis of statistical analysis of data obtained from satellite positioning systems. During the analysis, the results of post-processing of data obtained from satellite navigation systems and refined with the use of differential corrections of navigation data were compared.