Дисертації з теми "Santé – Prise de décision"
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Glaize, Annabelle. "Prise de décision en santé : une approche de décision multicritère." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A006.
Повний текст джерелаDecisions in healthcare are often complex and difficult to make and justify. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a decision-making tool that has been proven to be useful in numerous applications in healthcare contexts. Specifically, this operations research tool enables the integration of multiple conflicting criteria and encourages stakeholders to participate in the decision-making process. The purpose of this PhD dissertation is to contribute to the scientific literature on MCDA methods and how they should be applied in healthcare contexts, which are characterised by complex decision-making, by expanding these methods’ possible applications. This research is composed of three essays, each of which answers a specific research question related to decision-making in healthcare. The first essay maps the literature and assesses how the steps of the MCDA process are followed in different healthcare contexts. The second essay combines the business process improvement (BPI) methodology and lean methods to assess a chemotherapy outpatient service that suffers from difficulties in the patient flow process and propose improvement opportunities. The third essay builds on the findings of the second and applies the ELECTRE III method to define which actions could help improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction of the outpatient service
Nadeau, Catherine. "Impact de l'intervention DÉCISION+2 sur l'intention des professionnels de la santé de s'engager dans la prise de décision partagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28954/28954.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDab, William. "La décision en santé publique : valeur décisionnelle de la surveillance épidémiologique dans les situations d'urgence et de crise de santé publique." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON1T002.
Повний текст джерелаKertenian, Isabelle. "Variété des pratiques professionnelles et trajectoires de décision : application au domaine de la santé." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24014.
Повний текст джерелаBrun, Clémence. "Influence de l'intolérance à l'incertitude sur la prise de décision dans le domaine de la santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALS044.
Повний текст джерелаCritical thinking is considered a set of essential skills and dispositions, given that its mastery can influence our decisions and behaviors significantly. Discussed for almost 40 years, critical thinking has underwent a more advanced didactic formalization in the past decade and has become the subject of various studies, tests, and psychometric scales. The purpose of this thesis was twofold: 1) to study the exercise of critical thinking and analyze its underlying decision-making processes in a major area of interest: reasoning in the context of health decision-making, and 2) to specifically evaluate the influence of intolerance of uncertainty, a variable that seems to have negative effects on reasoning. We first conducted a systematic literature review on the relationships between intolerance of uncertainty and clinical reasoning. This initial study led us to conclude that the influence of intolerance of uncertainty on clinical reasoning is underexplored and that the main studies on this topic demonstrate significant effects on the investigative and prescribing behaviors of healthcare professionals. However, we lacked measurement tools psychometrically validated in the French language to conduct experiments directly assessing the influence of this variable on health-related reasoning. For this reason, in a second study, we carried out psychometric validation of two French scales measuring intolerance of uncertainty (IUS-12, a general scale developed for the general population, and IUS-12-H, developed specifically for healthcare professionals). Our analyses confirmed good psychometric qualities, allowing us to directly investigate the influence of intolerance of uncertainty on health decisions in both the general population and healthcare professionals. In the third study of this thesis, we showed to individuals from the general population fictional pandemic situations to study their vaccination behaviors. Our analyses revealed that intolerance of uncertainty and attitudes toward vaccination impact vaccination decisions, while perceived uncertainty in the situation does not. Following this study, we shifted our focus to healthcare professionals. In a fourth study, we asked physiotherapists to play a serious game simulating clinical cases of increasing difficulty to study the influence of their level of intolerance of uncertainty and resource consumption (e.g., tests results) on the therapeutic strategy they proposed to their patients. These two variables influenced the strategies proposed by physiotherapists only for the easy clinical case. We formulated several hypotheses regarding these results. To conclude this thesis, we discuss future research perspectives for both typologies of actors in the context of health decision-making: healthcare professionals and patients, and we provide general implications for the field of critical thinking
Ferron, Parayre Audrey. "Le dépistage du conflit décisionnel chez les patients en soins primaires : Validation du test SURE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29542/29542.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis study validated the psychometric properties of a screening tool assessing decisional conflict, the SURE test, in patients with acute respiratory infection who had to make a decision about taking antibiotics or not. Using a self-administered questionnaire which was provided immediately after the medical encounter, 712 patients recruited in nine family practice teaching units related to Laval University were asked to respond to SURE and Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) questions, the gold-standard measure of decisional conflict. The internal consistency using Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficient was 0.7, and there was a significant correlation between DCS and SURE scores (P<0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity were 94.3% (79.4-99.0) and 85.2% (82.2-87.8, respectively. This study suggests that the SURE test is appropriate to screen for decisional conflict in primary care. The validity of the test in different decisional contexts should be evaluated.
Becerra, Perez Maria Margarita. "Fréquence de regret décisionnel après une consultation en médecine de première ligne et ses facteurs associés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27550.
Повний текст джерелаAfin d’estimer la fréquence du regret décisionnel de patients suite à une consultation médicale et d’en identifier les facteurs de risque, nous avons réalisé une analyse secondaire d’une banque de données portant sur 258 consultations en soins de première ligne. À l’aide de l’Échelle de Regret Décisionnel (ÉRD), nous avons observé que la moyenne ± écart-type et la médiane du score de regret décisionnel étaient respectivement de 11.7 ± 15.1 et de 5 (sur une échelle de 0 à 100). Au total 43% des participants n’éprouvaient aucun regret (score = 0), alors que 45% avaient un score compatible avec un faible regret (score = 5 – 25) et 12% avaient un regret plus élevé (score ≥ 30). Après ajustement pour l’âge et le niveau d’éducation des patients ainsi que pour le sexe et le statut des cliniciens, seul un niveau élevé de conflit décisionnel fut identifié comme facteur de risque du regret. La fréquence de regret décisionnel en première ligne justifie des approches ciblant la réduction du conflit décisionnel.
To estimate the frequency of decision regret and examine risk factors associated with regret, we conducted a secondary analysis of data collected from 258 primary care consultations. With the Decision Regret Scale, we observed that mean ± standard deviation and median decision regret scores were 11.7 ± 15.1 and 5 respectively (on a scale of 0 to 100). Overall, 43% of participants did not experience decision regret (score = 0), while 45% experienced mild regret (score = 5 – 25) and 12% experienced higher regret (score ≥ 30). After adjusting for patient age and education level as well as physician gender and status, a high level of decisional conflict was identified as the only risk factor of regret. The frequency of decision regret in primary care justifies approaches targeting the reduction of decisional conflict.
Guillaud-Jullien, Martine. "Aide à la décision dans la mise en place d'un dépistage en santé bucco-dentaire." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10168.
Повний текст джерелаPellerin, Marc-André. "Évaluation des pratiques professionnelles : les résidents en médecine familiale et l'application des comportements associés à la prise de décision partagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27784/27784.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPraud, Anne. "Apport de l'épidémiologie dans le choix des outils d'aide à la prise de décision sanitaire en santé animale : evaluation des tests de dépistage en santé animale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783710.
Повний текст джерелаCanivet, Delphine. "Contribution à l'étude de la prise de décision partagée dans les contextes de haute incertitude en oncologie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/231669.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Allaire, Anne-Sophie. "Facteurs influençant la participation des médecins à un programme de développement professionnel continu en prise de décision partagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28639/28639.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVidal-Trecan, Gwenaëlle. "Décisions thérapeutiques en endocrinologie : analyse décisionnelle : particularités du raisonnement médical et modélisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1998AIX2667U.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCamus, Agathe. "Une "certaine latitude". Santé et autonomie dans la décision médicale et la relation de soin en médecine interne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC101.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph. D analyses the way in which the concepts of health and autonomy are articulated in a given clinical practice, that of internal medicine in hospital care departments. It does so particularly in the context of medical decision-making and in the “travail du soin”, a phrase we may translate into English as “care endeavour”. The aim is to show how through its position in the hospital context, its field of application and the global and holistic approach it claims for, internal medicine pays particular attention to the clinical problems it faces and gives the possibility to grasp them in their different dimensions. Based on a work of reconstruction of the history of internal medicine and its theoretical referents from the analysis of its speeches, a conceptual analysis of the categories of autonomy, health and decision, and observations made in internal medicine department, this Ph. D focuses on a certain number of complex situations, that involve polypathological condition or comorbidities. They crystallise the difficulties linked to autonomy as a moral value and to the application, in the context of care and decision-making, of the "principle of autonomy". They also question the "functional autonomy" erected as a standard of care, and apprehended as the opposite of dependency. It appears that different senses of autonomy intertwine in the care given to the situations of polypathology and comorbidities and in the decisions that concern them : the concern for functional autonomy, the consideration for social autonomy and for an inclusion in a network of support and formal and informal care, as well as issues of self-determination and crucial life choices. Besides, these different senses of autonomy intertwine with health considerations. This situations lead us to consider different forms of health and autonomy, which take into account the various forms of dependency that allow a sick person to preserve what will be designated in this work as a certain “latitude of life”. The latter includes a certain “latitude” in the decisions made about them. At stake in this work is the attempt to adopt a positive concept of health – distinct from its conception as the absence of disease ; a concept that also allows to consider autonomy in various ways. This « health » must be something we can take care of, even in situations of long-term pathological condition. On the basis of the conceptions of health states and pathological states of Kurt Goldstein and Georges Canguilhem we examine in this Ph. D., we finally develop the idea of a form of health that is understood as a "certain latitude of life", a life latitude likely to remain despite the restrictions, deficits, dependencies induced by the disease and to be aroused, maintained and restored through care and support relationships
Mukuri, Jocelyn Trésor. "Exploration des facteurs de décision d'approvisionnement en logiciels libres pour les affaires : une étude comparative temporelle et sectorielle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25934.
Повний текст джерелаMancini, Julien. "Information et participation de patients dans divers contextes de décision en cancérologie." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20683.
Повний текст джерелаRochas, Olivier. "Veille stratégique et décisions stratégiques : le cas d'un groupe de la santé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAG011.
Повний текст джерелаThe theory that postulates the link between information and decision-making has been frequently presented in the academic literature as an essential element of the functioning and performance of the enterprise.This theory is sometimes contradicted by the practice.This questions the assumption that strategic intelligence is useful for the strategic decision-making, especially in industrial groups.Our research aims to understand how those who produce the watch and those who exploit it interact and what are the elements that improve or prevent the decision-makers. It is based primarily on a case study in an industry group in the health sector.The main results of this work show that watchmen have a marginal influence on strategic decision-making. They also show a gap between the objectives pursued by the leader and the information he receives from the watchers.The leader makes the strategic decision while being influenced by other determinants that limit his or her use of the information received. These determinants are the place of the strategic veil in the hierarchy and in the process of creation of meaning; the characteristics of information and the organization of the information circuit; those who inform the leader, the information sought by the leader and the degree of acceptance by the latter of the weak signal.Finally, our work proposes possible areas for improvement to be implemented in companies
Martin, Marie. "Evaluation psychocognitive des représentations des patients sur le traitement de l’information du médecin et de l’accompagnateur au dépistage dans le cadre de la communication préventive du cancer colorectalprise de décision, profils interactifs et réduction des inégalités sociales de santé : prise de décision, profils interactifs et réduction des inégalités sociales de santé." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1021.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the establishment of an organized colorectal cancer screening in France, participation remains low (1/3), particularly for people affected by social inequalities in health. The physician-patient communication is of paramount importance, especially during the exchange when the CRC screening test, the Hemoccult-II ®, is presented. Inspired by the "patient navigator" program (Freeman, 1995), our team has developed the PRADO project: its objective is to assess the impact of the patient navigator on the increasing participation in this screening, in a context of social inequalities in health. Its role is to provide personalized support to the beneficiary to overcome these obstacles. The psychological study, included in this project, explore the cognitive, behavioural, relational and emotional mechanisms on which the patient navigator can intervene. This doctoral work, integrated to the project, studies the patient's representations of their communication with the physician versus the patient navigator, in terms of cognitive psychology. Our focus is on the processing of medical information by the patient, in order to an informed decision-making. The results suggest that the doctor retains a favoured interlocutor position and that the patient navigator is credited as a third resource. The intervention of the patient navigator is indeed complementary to the physician's, provided that the preliminary interview with the physician has made a good first impression
Mathieu, Maryse. "Évaluation des facteurs organisationnels influençant le processus de définition et la mise en place des actions de l'organisme communautaire Maghreb Afrique Comité des familles pour Survivre au sida." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27745/27745.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe organization ''Maghreb Afrique Comité des familles pour Survivre au sida'' is a social NGO in Paris, France. Its aim is to support seropositive people and their families to cope with everyday life and to make plans for the future. The organization also has an advocacy mission, defending the rights of these persons in the French society. This study sought to investigate the dynamics between the stakeholders that play a role in the achievement of the Comité’s objectives. An analysis framework based on of Gamson’s coalition theory and Hinings and Greenwood’s archetype was used. The main observations are related to the identification of the stakeholders concerned by the attainment of the Comité’s goals, the facilitating factors and barriers of interactions between players, and their satisfaction level within this collaboration.
Thompson-Leduc, Philippe. "Prévalence et facteurs de risque associés au conflit décisionnel cliniquement significatif en soins primaires." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27540.
Повний текст джерелаClinically significant decisional conflict (CSDC) leads to poor patient outcomes. We sought to identify the prevalence of CSDC in primary care using the Decisional Conflict Scale (score ≥ 25/100) in five datasets of patients who consulted in primary care. We identified its risk factors using logistic regression analysis. Selection of variables was based on a review of the literature and on their availability in the datasets. The prevalence of CSDC in primary care varied between 10% and 31% depending on the dataset, a variation that could reflect the different types of decisions addressed. Overall, CSDC was more prevalent in males, people aged 45 and over and people living alone. Healthcare professionals should be trained in screening for CSDC in order to reduce poor patient outcomes.
Alami, Hassane. "Les conséquences inattendues de l'utilisation de la télésanté et l'implication des citoyens-patients dans le développement des services au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33993.
Повний текст джерелаThe introduction of telehealth in the delivery of healthcare and services involves significant, attended or unintended, changes and transformations of various kinds and at different levels: socio-political, economic, organizational, clinical, professional, cultural, human, legal, ethical and technological. The sensitivity of certain issues associated with telehealth points to the gap between a historical vision, known as a technicist (or solutionist), and the actual expectations, needs and contexts of users with respect to its real usefulness and added value for them. It should indeed be noted that in the history of the evolution of telehealth, especially in Quebec, citizen-patients were the major absentees in decisions relating to the development of the services, whereas their involvement could constitute an important lever to inform decisions. In addition, there is a significant lack of research that has addressing the multidimensional and systemic, attended or unintended, negative or positive, consequences of telehealth on individuals and groups (e.g., patients, communities, and professionals), organizations, and health systems. This thesis, composed of two complementary components, aims to: 1) identify the multidimensional and multilevel unintended consequences of ten innovative and large scale telehealth projects that have been implemented in Quebec; and 2) explore the possibility of involving citizen-patients in decisions concerning the development of telehealth services in the cross-perspective of the different stakeholders concerned in Quebec. We used a predominantly qualitative approach. For the first part, the study of the unintended consequences of telehealth, we conducted a secondary analysis of the evaluation data of 10 innovative and structuring projects having been implemented in Quebec, over a 22-year period. The data were the subject of a thematic qualitative analysis based on the model of the unintended consequences of health information technologies (adapted from Bloomrosen et al., 2011). For the second part, the study of citizenpatient involvement in the development of telehealth services in Quebec, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 key informants. A thematic qualitative analysis of the data was carried out based on an integrative conceptual framework derived from the diffusion of innovation theories (adapted from Greenhalgh et al., 2004). The first part found that telehealth requires many adjustments, changes and negotiations, which are often underestimated in the planning stages of telehealth projects. In addition, telehealth could be the source of many unintended consequences, sometimes harmful, that affect individuals and groups, health organizations, and the health system as a whole. The second part helped show that citizen-patient involvement in the development of telehealth services is more of a theoretical idea than a real practice in Quebec's organizations and health system, which places it still at the stage of innovation for many shareholders. It remains that despite the many uncertainties and questions that accompany it, this perspective is seen as potentially informing decision-making and helping to implement harmonious and socially responsible telehealth services, this while driving innovation in organizations and the health system. In addition, the results showed that citizen-patient involvement in decision-making is highly dependent on many interrelated organizational and systemic conditions. The gap between research on the issue and decision-making has also emerged, pointing out the need for sustained knowledge transfer for a better translation of knowledge into action.
Paillet, Anne. "Consciences professionnelles : approche sociologique de la morale au travail, à partir du cas des décisions d'arrêt ou de poursuite en réanimation néonatale." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0019.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is a sociological approach of "morale in practice". More specifically, it's an empirical and contextual approach of "professional ethic" and "morale at work", in the case of neonatal intensive care units and decision to continue or discontinue tratments. Moral dimensions of work hardness are examined. Moreover, moral convergences and divergences appear between physicians and nurses and between seniors and juniors about risks hierarchies and parental participation. These moral variations are analysed : which social factors produce them? This study shows how team members adjust their moral practices to their professional position and work situation (in a related and differential way with other members of the work team). Datas : ethnographical observations and interviews; historical datas; several corpus of publications (written by physicians, nurses, psychologists, jurists, bioethicists, journalists)
Toi, Kodjo Alfred. "Évaluation des besoins décisionnels en matière de santé et de services sociaux des aînés de 65 ans et plus recevant des soins à domicile au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67976.
Повний текст джерелаSustained growth in the demographic weight of seniors aged 65 and over is resulting in a growing need for home and community care services. Shared decision-making is an effective approach to informing health decisions in the care context, where seniors often face difficult decisions that gravely affect their health and well-being. Yet Canadian seniors receiving home care have little experience of share decision-making. We sought to estimate the prevalence of clinically significant decisional conflict (CSDC) among seniors aged 65 year and older who are receiving or have received home or community care over the past year and who have faced difficult decisions, and to identify factors associated with their CSDC. We used data from pan-Canadian online survey with a questionnaire based on the Ottawa Decision Support Model. CSDC was measured using the Decision Conflict Scale with a cut-off of 37.5/100. Independent variables were identified based on an adapted conceptual framework relevant to our study. The prevalence of CSDC in our target population was 16.3 %. Associated factors were related to seniors’ characteristics (age, ethnicity and quality of life), the decision-making process (role assumed, match between chosen option and preferred option, information wanted about the difficult decision, information wanted about the options, other types of information wanted, and health professional as a reliable source of information), and the kind of professional assistance the senior receive (organization and care planning, training and adaptation). Our results will inform the development of effective decision support strategies to reduce CSDC and its harmful consequences in our target population.
Delanoë, Agathe. "Influence des facteurs sociocognitifs et de la littératie en santé sur l'intention des femmes enceintes d'utiliser un outil d'aide à la décision dans le contexte du dépistage prénatal de la trisomie 21." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27642.
Повний текст джерелаPregnant women face a choice about whether or not to have a prenatal test for Trisomy 21 (T21) or Down syndrome. This choice is difficult as it involves risk, possible loss or regret, and challenges to personal values. Using decision aids (DA) could help pregnant women make evidence-based decisions aligned with their values and preferences. However, in spite of their advantages, DA are not used systematically in prenatal care. The goal of this study was therefore to identify the psychosocial and health literacy variables that influence pregnant women’s intentions to use a DA for deciding about prenatal T21 testing. For this quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study, we surveyed 350 pregnant women in the province of Quebec (Canada) using a web panel. The women completed a self-administered questionnaire based on an expanded version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour evaluating seven psychosocial constructs (intention, attitude, anticipated regret, subjective norm, descriptive norm, moral norm and perceived control) and four health literacy variables. The survey also collected sociodemographic data. We performed descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses. In order of importance, factors identified as determining pregnant women’s intention to use a DA were: attitude (odds ratio/OR 9.16; 95% confidence interval/CI 4.02–20.85), moral norm (OR 7.97, 95% CI 4.49–14.14), descriptive norm (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.63–4.92) and anticipated regret (OR 2.43; 95%CI 1.71–3.46). Health literacy showed no significant effect (P values range: 0.43-0.92) on pregnant women’s intention to use a DA. These conclusions could inform the design of an intervention that takes these determining factors into account.
Poirier, Annie. "Étude des besoins décisionnels des aînés atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer et de leurs proches aidants pour favoriser la prise de décision partagée en soins de première ligne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27090.
Повний текст джерелаAbichou, Bouthaina. "Contribution à la formalisation de bilans / états de santé multi-niveaux d'un système pour aider à la prise de décision en maintenance : agrégation d'indicateurs par l'intégrale de Choquet." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839731.
Повний текст джерелаAbichou, Bouthaïna. "Contribution à la formalition de bilans/états de santé multi-niveaux d'un système pour aider à la prise de décision en maintenance : agrégation d'indicateurs par l'intégrale de Choquet." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is addressing the health assessment of a multi-component system by means of multi-levels health check-up. Thus scientific Ph. D. objective aims to establish items of a generic health check-up concept. It focuses specifically on the functions of anomaly detection, normalization and aggregation of different indicators to develop a synthetic index representing the overall health status for each element within the system. In that way, it is proposed a new approach for detecting conditional anomalies. This approach has the advantage of quantifying the deviation for each indicator compared to its nominal behavior while taking into account the context in which the system operates. An extension of the Choquet integral used as an operator aggregating indicators is also proposed. This extension regards on the one hand, a process of an unsupervised learning of the capacity coefficients for the lowest level of abstraction, namely components level, and on the other hand, an approach to inference them from one level to another. These contributions are implemented on a ship diesel engine which is the most critical system for the BMCI project of the MER-PACA pole to which this thesis is attached
Maison, Dominique Antoine. "Information et prise de décision dans la gestion des risques sanitaires environnementaux : Les apports de l'intelligence économique et territoriale Exemples de l'Organisation Mondiale de la santé et de la Guyane française." Toulon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUL0011.
Повний текст джерелаWould it be short and magnetic waves, nanotechnologies or more traditionally fields like air or drinking water quality, environmental health topics has now gained a fully-fledged part in public debates. All through the development of civilisations, intuitions or descriptions have identified the effect of the human environment on health. Nevertheless, health and environment are more prone to be considered as distinct fields than as a single corpus. Sanitary aspects are often seen as a minor part of public health, a domain often considered mainly as the management of health care systems, with the physician as an emblematic figure. Now, the social demand has been increasing after that effect of environment on health has been heavily questioned such as for microwaves, soil or air contaminants. Necessity arises to define, implement and be accountable for public policies in that matter. This work deals with this approach seen under the information aspects: their nature, gathering, building and final use in the decision process. Specifically, we will assess the possible inputs of techniques and methods developed by economic and territorial intelligence. In a first part, we set the theoretical framework for environmental health: technical fields, problem formulating. This step conditions widely the handling of problems and thus public policies. Those policies in France do rely on actors and intervention tools the functions of which are presented through some significant examples. They show the limits of institutional and technical knowledge, finally set aside in many cases to make the final decision. Among the reasons are the lack of understanding for the technical features of environmental health, as well as the incapacity to work out the whole set of data needed to make a decision. Moreover, the shattering of public stakeholders falls sometimes into rivalry and bickering and reflects the lack of understanding of environmental health as a corpus, not as punctual stakes. The always heavier influence of international institutions on norms and regulations is neither anticipated nor taken into account, in France at least. All those reasons participate in shrinking the scope of the decisions on the one hand; on the other hand they do strip the deciders from their role in benefit of bureaucratic and supranational actors. Go-between decisions and intermediate steps are in cause. Corps of civil servant emerged from this process, developing distinct interests and ambitions, that may different from the common interest and using technical pretexts. Recently, a u-turn has been taken in that respect, purely political and organisational decisions being made on behalf of technical inputs. A result of this first part of our reflexion is the growingly intricate weight of territories interests, would it be global with the World Health Organization or European with the EU, besides “traditional” territories as the state and local territories that still have to affirm themselves. In order to identify the links created by information through those different territories and set of interest, we take the example of a remote French territory in South America, French Guiana. Regulations implemented there result from WHO, EU, French national state with some consequences and lack of adaptation due to specific local settings. Classical “top down” approaches are all the more useless that local reality differs from common settings. We do propose 3 case-studies to illustrate this hypothesis. We also use those studies to try to identify causes of failures or success. Among them is the necessity to identify key information that is able to push the decider to take a decision. Technical aspects are not enough under that aspect. Formalized participation of stakeholders and beneficiaries can help and should be systematically used, starting upstream any program and being able to confer some kind of sustainability. But more, there is a need to develop an integrated sanitary intelligence at the territory scale, the only way to encompass fully the many impacts of environment on health for public policies
Gossement, Arnaud. "Le principe de précaution." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010332.
Повний текст джерелаArbelaez, Garces Giovanny Alberto. "Intégration des préférences des parties prenantes et amélioration de l'acceptabilité lors du processus de co-conception : application au système de santé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0069/document.
Повний текст джерелаDeveloping products that are better accepted by integrating users’ and stakeholders’ preferences is a major challenge for designers and project managers. How to evaluate and improve users’ acceptability has become an important research question. Current approaches leave the acceptability evaluation question for the last stages of New Product Development process (NPD), when a prototype is almost finished and when it is too late to make changes. For this our work is divided in the following contributions: • The test of the co-design approaches through two case studies. • A co-adaptation approach of the habitat for home-healthcare. • An assessment approach of the acceptability level of a solution based on Bayesian networks. • An improvement approach of the assessed acceptability level, enabling the research and simulation of improvement scenarios, combining Bayesian networks and a simulated annealing algorithm
Kiyang, Lawrence Ndoh. "Intention des professionnels de la santé d'aider les femmes ciblées par le Programme Québécois de Dépistage du Cancer du sein à prendre une décision éclairée concernant leur participation au dépistage du cancer du sein." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23694.
Повний текст джерелаThis descriptive study, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, evaluated health professionals’ intention to help women targeted by the Quebec Breast Cancer Screening Programme in making informed decisions about breast cancer screening with mammography. The 288 family physicians and 618 nurses who responded to our questionnaire had a strong intention to adopt this behaviour. The perception of behavioural control was the variable most strongly associated with intention, followed by attitude, and social norm. The main barriers to the adoption of the studied behaviour, as perceived by participants were lack of time and limited access to information. The intention of health professionals as well as the adoption of the studied behaviour could be reinforced by training activities on informed decision making and relevant decision support tools made available.
Veillard, Isabelle. "Prévenir les nouveaux risques : Essai d'une approche globale pour la protection des personnes et de l'environnement." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010292.
Повний текст джерелаWawrzyniak, Clément. "La gestion d’un référentiel commun en situation coopérative de prise de décision : le cas du binôme hospitalier médecin-pharmacien en réunion de révision médicamenteuse." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S042.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis has two distinct objectives. The first is to characterize the medication review process (MRev) from an ergonomics perspective to value and ease its deployment at the hospital. Although there are only rare descriptions of the MRev process in the literature, a few recent French initiatives have shown the MRev as an appropriate response to maximize the patient security. The main results consist of a detailed analysis of the MRev process at the hospital and a set of recommendations for the actors involved in its development at the operational, tactical and strategic levels. The second objective is more theoretical and consists in refining our understanding of cooperative activities within a group in a dynamic decision-making situation, and more specifically in a horizontal, integrative and debatable cooperation. This work especially raises the issue of the concept of common frame of reference. This concept is central in Ergonomics, but its definition and usage are often left up to the readers. To our knowledge, using a similar theoretical and methodological framework, our work is the first to obtain a significant rate of metacooperative activities in this context. The results also prove that the management of a common frame of reference can be defined as an activity dedicated to ensure the compatibility between the partners' cognitive contents more than their strict identity
Moulin, Pierre. "Soins palliatifs et sida : permanence et changements des cultures soignantes : étude psychosociologique des professionnels de santé confrontés à la prise en charge des patients sidéens en fin de vie dans deux services de l'Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0097.
Повний текст джерелаLaloix, Thomas. "Méthodologie d’élaboration d’un bilan de santé de machines de production pour aider à la prise de décision en exploitation : application à un centre d’usinage à partir de la surveillance des composants de sa cinématique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0291/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work has been initiated by Renault, in collaboration with Nancy Research Centre in Automatic Control (CRAN), with the aim to propose the foundation of a generic PHM-based methodology leading to machine health check regarding machine-product joint consideration and facing industrial requirements. The proposed PHM-based methodology is structured in five steps. The two first steps are developed in this PhD work and constitute the major contributions. The first originality represents the formalization of machine-product relationship knowledge based on the extension of well-known functioning/dysfunctioning analysis methods. The formalization is materialized by means of meta-modelling based on UML (Unified Modelling Language). This contribution leads to the identification of relevant parameters to be monitored, from component up to machine level. These parameters serve as a basis of the machine health check elaboration. The second major originality of the thesis aims at the definition of health check elaboration principles from the previously identified monitoring parameters and formalized system knowledge. Elaboration of such health indicators is based on Choquet integral as aggregation method, raising the issue of capacity identification. In this way, it is proposed a global optimization model of capacity identification according to system multi-level, by the use of Genetic Algorithms. Both contributions are developed with the objective to be generic (not only oriented on a specific class of equipment), according to industrial needs. The feasibility and the interests of such approach are shown on the case of machine tool located in RENAULT Cléon Factory
Robert, Elodie. "Gestion de l'état de santé de véhicules pour la maintenance de flotte : prise en compte des contraintes opérationnelles et optimisation conjointe des maintenances et des missions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT098.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work deals with the problems of joint scheduling for maintenance operations and missions for industrial vehicle fleets. The aim is to develop a methodology to adapt the joint scheduling of maintenance and missions according to the vehicles health state but also according to the missions features. These features correspond to the conditions of usage severity that have a significant impact on the truck deterioration and must be taken into account to adapt at best the maintenance operations schedule according to the deterioration evolution. The implementation of a decision support methodology to manage a fleet would improve productivity and reduce the maintenance costs while making the most of the fleet capacity. However, the joint scheduling problem for a fleet is a complex problem to solve and three main dimensions has to be considered. The first one is to jointly schedule missions and maintenance operations in a static case. The second one is to integrate the available monitoring information and the different events that can occur to update the schedule and treat the problem in a dynamic way. The third dimension is the fleet dimension that involves managing several vehicles in parallel.The first step is to jointly schedule the maintenance activity and the missions for a truck in a static case. It is assumed that all the missions to be performed are known and that no monitoring information is available. To do this, a vehicle deterioration model is defined to estimate its remaining useful lifetime to make decisions. It is a model with varying parameters since the vehicle operates under different conditions of usage severity according to the missions. It is the central point for setting up a scheduling algorithm to avoid any excessive risk of failure. The scheduling process is naturally optimized according to a criterion based on either the maintenance costs or the operating incomes.Once this methodology has been defined, it must be completed to include information on the vehicle deterioration, failure occurrences and new missions that may be requested. A dynamic approach has then been developed to solve the scheduling problem for a vehicle. If a breakdown occurs, the schedule must be updated because it is no longer adapted to the evolution of the current vehicle deterioration. Likewise, when a new mission is available, an update is essential because the priority order of the missions, defined by their deadlines, must be considered as soon as possible to avoid delay penalties. On the other hand, deterioration information can have a varying influence on the current schedule. Then, the schedule robustness has to be studied to avoid changing the mission order and the maintenance dates too often.The last step is to integrate the fleet dimension in the decision-making process. It is no longer just a question of mission order and timing for maintenance operations, but also of deciding which vehicle is assigned to which mission. The decision-making process then depends on the whole fleet. An analysis of the impact of considering the fleet dimension in the static case and then in the dynamic case is led.Simulation results are used to illustrate the developed methods and aim at showing their interest and the cost savings they generate
Mathoulin-Pelissier, Simone. "Utilisation des produits sanguins labiles en France : apport de l'épidémiologie." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28956.
Повний текст джерелаDurand, Audrey. "Simulation et apprentissage Monte-Carlo de stratégies d'intervention en santé publique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28698/28698.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDecision makers in public health system, such as the one in the province of Quebec, have a growing need for assessment tools to support their decisions on the interventions to implement. This master’s thesis proposes a generic simulator optimized for public health issues, while being extensible to other areas. It details the software architecture and all the features that make it a tool of choice for decision makers. It also presents the optimization of existing intervention strategies using Monte Carlo reinforcement learning. This includes the proposal of a new algorithm for selecting actions when learning on populations of individuals evolving in parallel. We conclude with the application of this infrastructure to two public health issues : diabetic retinopathy, that has already been the subject of work by other researchers, and osteoporosis, a current application that has been validated by health care specialists.
Lutumba-Tshindele, Pascal. "Contribution à la prise des décisions stratégiques dans le contrôle de la trypanosomiase humaine africaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210979.
Повний текст джерелаLa Trypanosomiase Humain Africaine (THA) demeure un problème de santé publique pour plusieurs pays en Afrique subsaharienne. Le contrôle de la THA est basé essentiellement sur la stratégie de dépistage actif suivi du traitement des personnes infectées. Le dépistage actif est réalisé par des unités mobiles spécialisées, bien que les services de santé fixes jouent un rôle important en détectant « passivement » des cas. Le dépistage reposait jadis sur la palpation ganglionnaire mais, depuis le développement du test d’agglutination sur carte (CATT), trois possibilités se sont offertes aux programmes de contrôle à savoir: i) continuer avec la palpation ganglionnaire ii) combiner la palpation ganglionnaire avec le CATT iii) recourir au CATT seul. Certains programmes comme celui de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) ont opté pour la combinaison en parallèle de la palpation ganglionnaire avec le CATT. Toute personne ayant une hypertrophie ganglionnaire cervicale et/ou un CATT positif est considéré comme suspecte de la THA. Elle sera soumise aux tests parasitologiques de confirmation à cause de la toxicité des médicaments anti-THA. Les tests parasitologiques classiques sont l’examen du suc ganglionnaire (PG), l’examen du sang à l’état frais (SF), la goutte épaisse colorée (GE). La sensibilité de cette séquence a été estimée insuffisante par plusieurs auteurs et serait à la base d’une grande perte de l’efficacité de la stratégie dépistage-traitement. D’autres techniques de concentration ont été développées comme la mini-Anion Exchange Concentration Technique (mAECT), la Centrifugation en Tube Capillaire (CTC) et le Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC), mais ces techniques de concentration ne sont pas utilisées en routine.
En RDC, une interruption des activités de contrôle en 1990 a eu comme conséquence une réémergence importante de la maladie du sommeil. Depuis 1998 les activités de contrôle ont été refinancées de manière structurée.
Ce travail vise deux buts à savoir le plaidoyer pour la continuité des activités de contrôle et la rationalisation des stratégies de contrôle. Nous avons évalué l’évolution de la maladie du sommeil en rapport avec le financement, son impact sur les ménages ainsi que la communauté. L’exercice de rationalisation a porté sur les outils de dépistage et de confirmation. Nous avons d’abord évalué la validité des tests, leur faisabilité ainsi que les coûts et ensuite nous avons effectué une analyse décisionnelle formelle pour comparer les algorithmes de dépistage et pour les tests de confirmation.
Pendant la période de refinancement structurel de la lutte contre la THA en RDC (1998-2003), le budget alloué aux activités a été doublé lorsqu’on le compare à la période précédente (1993-1997). Le nombre des personnes examinées a aussi doublé mais par contre le nombre des nouveaux cas de THA est passé d’un pic de 26 000 cas en 1998 à 11 000 en 2003. Le coût par personne examinée a été de 1,5 US$ et celui d’un cas détecté et sauvé à 300 US$. Pendant cette période, les activités ont été financées par l’aide extérieure à plus de 95%. Cette subvention pourrait laisser supposer que l’impact de la THA au niveau des ménages et des communautés est réduit mais lorsque nous avons abordé cet aspect, il s’est avéré que le coût de la THA au niveau des ménages équivaut à un mois de leur revenu et que la THA fait perdre 2145 DALYs dans la communauté. L’intervention par la stratégie de dépistage-traitement a permis de sauver 1408 DALYs à un coût de 17 US$ par DALYs sauvé. Ce coût classe l’intervention comme « good value for money ».
Le recours au CATT seul s’est avéré comme la stratégie la plus efficiente pour le dépistage actif. Le gain marginal lorsque l’on ajoute la palpation ganglionnaire en parallèle est minime et n’est pas compensé par le coût élevé lié à un nombre important des suspects soumis aux tests parasitologiques. Les techniques de concentration ont une bonne sensibilité et leur faisabilité est acceptable. Leur ajout à l’arbre classique améliore la sensibilité de 29 % pour la CTC et de 42% pour la mAECT. Le coût de la CTC a été de 0,76 € et celui de la mAECT de 2,82 €. Le SF a été estimé très peu sensible. L’algorithme PG- GE-CTC-mAECT a été le plus efficient avec 277 € par vie sauvée et un ratio de coût-efficacité marginal de 125 € par unité de vie supplémentaire sauvée. L’algorithme PG-GE-CATT titration avec traitement des personnes avec une parasitologie négative mais un CATT positif à un seuil de 1/8 devient compétitif lorsque la prévalence de la THA est élevée.
Il est donc possible dans le contexte actuel de réduire la prévalence de la THA mais à condition que les activités ne soient pas interrompues. Le recours à un algorithme recourant au CATT dans le dépistage actif et à la séquence PG-GE-CTC-mAECT est le plus efficient et une efficacité de 80%. La faisabilité et l’efficacité peut être différent d’un endroit à l’autre à cause de la focalisation de la THA. Il est donc nécessaire de réévaluer cet algorithme dans un autre foyer de THA en étude pilote avant de décider d’un changement de politique. Le recours à cet algorithme implique un financement supplémentaire et une volonté politique.
SUMMARY
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) remains a major public health problem affecting several countries in sub-Saharan Africa. HAT control is essentially based on active case finding conducted by specialized mobile teams. In the past the population screening was based on neck gland palpation, but since the development of the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT) three control options are available to the control program: i) neck gland palpation ii) CATT iii) neck gland palpation and CATT done in parallel .Certain programs such as the one in DRC opted for the latter, combining CATT and neck gland palpation. All persons having hypertrophy of the neck gland and/or a positive CATT test are considered to be a HAT suspect. Confirmation tests are necessary because the screening algorithms are not 100 % specific and HAT drugs are very toxic. The classic parasitological confirmation tests are lymph node puncture (LNP), fresh blood examination (FBE) and thick blood film (TBF). The sensitivity of this combination is considered insufficient by several authors and causes important losses of efficacy of the screening-treatment strategy. More sensitive concentration methods were developed such as the mini Anion Exchange Concentration Techniques (mAECT), Capillary Tube Centrifugation (CTC) and the Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC), but they are not used on a routine basis. Main reasons put forward are low feasibility, high cost and long time of execution.
In the Democratic Republic of Congo, HAT control activities were suddenly interrupted in 1990 and this led to an important re-emergence or the epidemic. Since 1998 onwards, control activities were financed again in a structured way.
This works aims to be both a plea for the continuation of HAT control as well as a contribution to the rationalization of the control strategies. We analyzed the evolution of sleeping sickness in the light of its financing, and we studied its impact on the household and the community. We aimed at a rationalization of the use of the screening and confirmation tools. We first evaluated the validity of the tests, their feasibility and the cost and we did a formal decision analysis to compare screening and confirmation algorithms.
The budget allocated to control activities was doubled during the period when structural aid funding was again granted (1998-2003) compared with the period before (1993-1997). The number of persons examined per year doubled as well but the number of cases found peaked at 26 000 in 1998 and dropped to 11 000 in the period afterwards. The cost per person examined was 1.5 US$ and per case detected and saved was 300 US$. The activities were financed for 95 % by external donors during this period. This subvention could give the impression that the impact of HAT on the household and the household was limited but when we took a closer look at this aspect we found that the cost at household level amounted to one month of income and that HAT caused the loss of 2145 DALYs in the community. The intervention consisting of active case finding and treatment allowed to save 1408 DALY’s at a cost of 17 US$ per DALY, putting the intervention in the class of “good value for money”.
The use of CATT alone as screening test emerged as the most efficient strategy for active case finding. The marginal gain when neck gland palpation is added is minor and is not compensated by the high cost of doing the parasitological confirmation test on a high number of suspected cases. The concentration methods have a good sensitivity and acceptable feasibility. Adding them to the classical tree improves its sensitivity with 29 % for CTC and with 42 % for mAECT. The cost of CTC was 0.76 US$ and of mAECT was 2.82 US$. Sensitivity of fresh blood examination was poor. The algorithm LNP-TBF-CTC-mAECT was the most efficient costing 277 Euro per life saved and a marginal cost effectiveness ratio of 125 Euro per supplementary life saved. The algorithm LNP-TBF-CATT titration with treatment of persons with a negative parasitology but a CATT positive at a dilution of 1/8 and more becomes competitive when HAT prevalence is high.
We conclude that it is possible in the current RDC context to reduce HAT prevalence on condition that control activities are not interrupted. Using an algorithm that includes CATT in active case finding and the combination LNP-TBF-CTC-mAECT is the most efficient with an efficacy of 80 %. Feasibility and efficacy may differ from one place to another because HAT is very focalized, so it is necessary to test this novel algorithm in another HAT focus on a pilot basis, before deciding on a policy change. Implementation of this algorithm will require additional financial resources and political commitment.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Setbon, Michel. "Analyse des processus décisionnels en santé publique dans la lutte contre l'épidémie de SIDA : les politiques comparées de dépistage de l'infection par le VIH en France, Grande-Bretagne et Suède." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0010.
Повний текст джерелаDecision-making concerning HIV infection (coming before the eventuality of developing aids) and national modalities of testing are analysed as policies attempting to respond both to a public health problem, preventing the spreading of contamination, and to a public problem, the fear of contamination. That gives them a great heterogeneity, unusual regarding biological practice and explains the quarrelling and unstable character of national policies. The comparison points out national choices as a social and political construction through a decision-making-process in which different structured-interests-groups in conflict try to direct policy testing to a pattern corresponding to their strategies. In 1985 the availability of HIV test and its introduction in the blood transfusion services put an end to the non-decision period noticed in the three studied countries inducing the politicization phase during which policies testing were concived and worked out. These policies get organized around a politico-technical coalition fitting the priority objective of the policy; this aim may be : epidemiological (detecting "groups risks"), medical (detecting seropositives in order to get them into the health care system) or in a direction of primary prevention (helping individuals to reduce their risk level to avoid futur hiv infection). These choices are expressed by very well differenciated national policies, quantitatively and qualitatively : two of them are extensive (France and Sweden), the third one is selective (Great-Britain) trying to meet individuals with behavior risks
Orri, Massimiliano. "Psychologie de la santé en chirurgie : facteurs psychologiques, subjectivité et émotions dans les soins chirurgicaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB161/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn surgery, psychological and social factors are not widely studied, and the only variables considered important in surgical care are those related to operating technique and biology. Additionally, surgeons’ experience of their practice is neglected, despite the fact that (i) epidemiological studies showed a 40% burnout rate among surgeons, (ii) the difference between individual surgeons is a key variable in the performed care (like psychotherapists in psychotherapy), and (iii) surgeons work in a high salient social and cultural environment. The aim of this PhD thesis is to explore the psychosocial factors influencing surgical practice and surgeons’ wellbeing. Our findings are based on three studies. First, we performed a systematic review of international qualitative studies (metasynthesis) in order to describe how surgeons experience their practice from their perspective. Then, a second qualitative study extended the findings of the previous one exploring in-depth the everyday emotional experience of liver surgeons (high risk surgery, mainly cancer-related). Finally, a prospective cohort study investigated the influence of preoperative patient-related psychological factors (depression and anxiety) on the outcome of liver surgery, and how surgeons take these data into account in their practice. Several implications of our findings have been discussed, concerning surgeons’ mental wellbeing and burnout, as well as the implementation of the bio-psycho-social model in the care of surgical patients
Bahrami, Stéphane. "Essais sur la qualité des soins : approches en économie et en santé publique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090073.
Повний текст джерелаThis work takes the perspectives of economics and public health to study issues related to the quality of hospital care.The first chapter introduces the concept of quality of care in economics and public health. We show that the two fields use similar definitions of the concept but explore differing and complementary approaches towards its regulation.Fixed price competition between hospitals, as implemented by a prospective payment system, should lead to an improvement of care quality, provided that the demand for care is increasing with quality. The second chapter evaluates the sensitivity to quality of demand for hospital care in France, using ranking lists published by the lay media as a measure of information on quality available to potential patients. We estimate changes in hospital demand caused by ranking lists on a panel of hospitals located in the Paris area, for several pathologies. We find a sizeable and significant demand shift towards hospitals belonging to the top list in the forprofit sector for one pathology. No effect is observed for non-profit hospitals, or for other pathologies in the for profit sector. Competition for quality may thus not be a feasible regulation approach for French public hospitals.The third chapter provides evidence regarding the cost of hospital infection control strategies targeting antimicrobial resistant bacteria. We estimated the burden and costs associated with two types of strategies, relying on targeted screening or on general hygiene promotion strategies, in two multinational controlled clinical trials, in surgical and intensive care units.Our results highlight the variability of costs associated with broad, non-specific hygiene promotion interventions, and, for interventions which were found to be effective by the clinical trials, costs that are consistent with the hypothesis that these interventions are costeffective
Bacelar-Nicolau, Leonor. "Health Impact Assessment : Quantifying and Modeling to Better Decide." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1151/document.
Повний текст джерелаHealth Impact Assessment (HIA) is a decision-making support tool to judge a policy as to its potential effects and its distribution on a population’s health (equity). It’s still very often a qualitative approach.The main aim here is to show the usefulness of applying quantified multivariate statistical methodologies to enrich HIA practice, while making the decision-making process easier, by issuing understandable outputs even for non-statisticians.The future of healthcare reforms shifts the center of evaluation of health systems from providers to people’s individual needs and preferences, reducing health inequities in access and health outcomes, using big data linking information from providers to social and economic health determinants. Innovative statistical and assessment methodologies are needed to make this transformation.Data mining and data science methods, however complex, may lead to graphical outputs simple to understand by decision makers. HIA is thus a valuable tool to assure public policies are indeed evaluated while considering health determinants and equity and bringing citizens to the center of the decision-making process
A Avaliação de Impacte na Saúde (AIS) é um instrumento de suporte à decisão para julgar política quanto aos seus efeitos potenciais e à sua distribuição na saúde de uma população (equidade). É geralmente ainda uma abordagem qualitativa.O principal objetivo é mostrar a utilidade das metodologias estatísticas quantitativas e multivariadas para enriquecer a prática de AIS, melhorando a compreensão dos resultados por profissionais não-estatísticos.As futuras reformas dos sistemas de saúde deslocam o centro da avaliação dos serviços de saúde dos prestadores para as necessidades e preferências dos cidadãos, reduzindo iniquidades no acesso à saúde e ganhos em saúde, usando big data que associam informação de prestadores a dados sociais e económicos de determinantes de saúde. São necessárias metodologias estatísticas e de avaliação inovadoras para esta transformação.Métodos de data mining e data science, mesmo complexos, podem gerar resultados gráficos compreensíveis para os decisores. A AIS é assim uma ferramenta valiosa para avaliar políticas públicas considerando determinantes de saúde, equidade e trazendo os cidadãos para o centro da tomada de decisão
Tsopra, Tahiraly Rosy. "Conception et évaluation d'un système décisionnel informatisé basé sur le raisonnement des experts élaborant les guides de bonnes pratiques en antibiothérapie empirique." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132034/document.
Повний текст джерелаContext: CDSS (Clinical Decision Support System) for the empiric prescription of antibiotics present many limits: (i) recommendations are only given for clinical situations that are described in CPGs (Clinical Practice Guidelines); (ii) updating is infrequent; (iii) poor ergonomics is an impediment to clinical adoption. To overcome these limits, we propose an approach leading to a CDSS that is able to generate ecommendations as in CPGs, and to display recommendations in an interface supporting knowledge. Methods: Our approach consists in (i) extracting from CPGs the deep medical reasoning used by experts to establish recommendations, (ii) using the decision process in empiric antibiotherapy and the usability principles to design a pleasant interface. Results: The implementation of the medical reasoning of the experts as an algorithm using 12 properties of antibiotics, allows to retrieve automatically the recommended antibiotics for all clinical situations, without the intervention of the experts. These properties could be updated automatically thanks to others resources like drugs data bases. The design of an interface supporting knowledge according to the decision process in empiric antibiotherapy and the usability principles, improve significantly the perceived usability and the confidence in the system. Conclusion: The extrapolation of our approach to the chronic diseases should be assessed
Reversat, Bernard. "La réflexion éthique au service de l'analyse des pratiques professionnelles sur un territoire de santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0621/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe meaning of the nursing exercise is based on the notion of “living together” and feeds on an important need for ethical reflection both from students and healthcare professionals. However, the reflection exercise and the development of training in the field of ethics have been scarce in initial training and in the career path of most of professionals in service. The individual reflexive position is not sufficient and must be completed by a collective approach of ethical reflection in which the patient, his/her family or his/her close relations are associated with interdisciplinary dialogue. The “Ethics and Health Professions” committee (as per the A Cordier report in 2003) pointed out a lack of locations and time for the nursing staff, which could allow them to “formalize” their ethical reflection. This thesis suggests identifying the systems to be created in order, for example of the sequences of simulation in health, to accompany nursing players in this questioning approach a priori but also exposit. Questionnaires will be used to enhance and consolidate the main assumption. Another research focus will attempt to objectify changes in the level of relevance of ethical principles involved, according to contexts and through observations conducted during multidisciplinary meetings between health professionals. This approach will attempt to validate another hypothesis. Finally, to answer the initial question, it appears that a Continuous Professional Development program (DPC), designed as a “new area for reflection” seems to be an opportunity that must be seized, to help care providers to clarify situations et build their practice purpose in a collegial manner
Senghor, Abdou Simon. "La participation du patient insuffisant rénal chronique aux processus de décisions thérapeutiques." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe law of March 04th, 2002 on the rights of patients and the quality of the health system and the law HPST (Hôpital, Patients, Santé et Territoires) of 2009 that grants legal framework for patients’ education, have promoted the patient’s autonomy by encouraging his participation in medical decisions. Self-management of chronic illness as favoured by public authorities in providing the legal tools to improve the quality of care has aroused our interest in patient education programs for patients with renal failure in pre-dialysis. One of the objectives of this program is to allow patients free choice when deciding on the method of dialysis.Our thesis aims to underline how the social determinants at work in medical decisions and those involved in the choice of a dialysis method are constructed.In France, patients seem to favor hospital patient care, but in some countries, medical pluralism is more frequent. The exercise of self-analysis has revealed the significant part played by economy, culture and family in health choices.Moreover, the part played by patient education in the decision-making process is neither fixed nor pre-determined: patient education can complement medical practice, can be a decision support tool for some kidney patients or be used by doctors to promote patient decision-making compliance.We have shown that patients and physicians rely on several factors that may influence the nature of the discussion.This study reveals that the choice is networked and that the decisions that are made are the outcome of several interactions and medical strategies. These determinants also help to understand how trust develops and leads to decision-making.Sometimes distributed, sometimes shifted, trust accounts for the type of information prioritized by the patient. The networked choice of the patient finally puts the shared decision-making model into perspective as it increasingly seems to have a normative character in the relationship between health professionals and patients
McKay, Anaïs-Monica. "Opter ou non pour des antidépresseurs dans le traitement de jeunes adultes aux prises avec des problèmes de santé mentale? : étude de facteurs non médicaux modulant la décision des médecins de famille pratiquant en CLSC ou en UMF." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25572/25572.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCatherine, Aurore. "Pouvoir du médecin et droits du patient : l'évolution de la relation médicale." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN0097.
Повний текст джерелаThe doctor-patient relationship has evolved according to medical progress mainly over the last century. This evolution was shown in interpersonal relations between doctor and patient through the emancipation of the latter claiming to be predominant in handling his or her illness and to a large extent his or her body. The demands towards the physician have increased in terms of autonomy and more specifically in relation to decision power. From a legal point of view, this evolution was shown in an a priori significant readjustment of the doctor-patient relationship. The recognition of doctors’ increasingly important obligations within a contractual framework as well as the legislative intervention that highlights the rights of the patient are in line with a reduction of the doctor’s power traditionally characterized as paternalism. The modification of the legal settlement of this relationship shows that the authorities want to change or at least reduce the imbalance inherent in the doctor-patient relationship. Indeed, this relationship is not contractual anymore: it has been statutory since the Kouchner Law of March 4th, 2002. However, a more accurate analysis of the case law and acts would show a completely different reality, excessively reasserting the value of the doctor’s power. Indeed, this power has conversely been reinforced through legal registration, thus legitimating a certain number of medical practices. The request of the physician by the authorities within the framework of economic and health public order preservation has contributed to reinforce his or her authority in the different social spheres
Fortin, Gabrielle. "Élaboration et évaluation d’une stratégie d’application des connaissances pour les professionnels de la santé sur la détermination des objectifs de soins avec les personnes malades." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67446.
Повний текст джерелаGoals of care conversation (GOCC), a process which consists in identifying with patients the appropriate care for their health condition in accordance with their life plan, is arguably one of the most difficult decisions patients with serious illnesses will face. GOCC implies discussion between the physician and the patient (or his Substitute Decision Maker). It is often complex, since the preferred care orientation for patients must consider their health situation while being consistent with their beliefs, preferences and values as well as those of their relatives. To address these complex situations, the contribution of an interprofessional team is required to support patients in their global perspective. There is, however, a gap that needs to be filled amidst interdisciplinary teamwork in order to integrate GOCC discussions in the routine of care teams so that GOCC no longer rely solely on discussions between the physicians and their patients. In order to reduce this gap, a knowledge transfer strategy aimed at optimizing interprofessional collaboration practices in GOCC situations with the participation of the patients and their relatives was proposed. Co-constructed and deployed in a clinical environment in collaboration with health and social services providers, the knowledge transfer strategy was evaluated in three successive phases, either at the time of its development, during its implementation and finally, after this in order to assess the impact on clinical practices. Twenty-six healthcare providers from different disciplines practicing at the CHU de Québec- Université Laval and at the CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale took part in the knowledge strategy, which main activity was the interprofessional training session held during Winter 2018. Analysis of collected data during development and implementation phases highlights : 1) relevance in mobilizing the various players targeted by the knowledge transfer strategy in order to develop relevant content that takes into account the needs and realities in practice context; 2) the need to obtain support from the management of establishments to facilitate the deployment of this type of initiative in health care and health services environments; 3) the importance of fostering a climate of openness and discussion spaces during interdisciplinary training session to promote the appropriation of interprofessional competencies, as well as a place conducive to the development of critical reflections on the participants' GOCC practice. The highlights of the short-term impact assessment phase of the strategy emphasized three main changes observed by the participants in their GOCC practice: 1) better appropriation of a harmonized level of care form for discussing end-of-life issues with patients; 2) improved IPC practices in complex GOCC situations through better affirmation of their expertise role along with recognition of other professionals’ role in this decision-making process, and 3) reaffirmed roles of advocacy, support and enabler with patients and families in GOCC context. In light of these results, recommendations are made to optimize the timely participation of sick people in informed decision-making processes about their end-of-life care, this in an interprofessional collaboration perspective. Recommendations related to the provision of earlier support services in the care trajectory of patients with serious illness, with a potentially fatal outcome in order to facilitate dialogue between patients and stakeholders in anticipation of end-of-life are also presented. This thesis concludes by proposing avenues to be explored in research.Goals of care conversation (GOCC), a process which consists in identifying with patients the appropriate care for their health condition in accordance with their life plan, is arguably one of the most difficult decisions patients with serious illnesses will face. GOCC implies discussion between the physician and the patient (or his Substitute Decision Maker). It is often complex, since the preferred care orientation for patients must consider their health situation while being consistent with their beliefs, preferences and values as well as those of their relatives. To address these complex situations, the contribution of an interprofessional team is required to support patients in their global perspective. There is, however, a gap that needs to be filled amidst interdisciplinary teamwork in order to integrate GOCC discussions in the routine of care teams so that GOCC no longer rely solely on discussions between the physicians and their patients. In order to reduce this gap, a knowledge transfer strategy aimed at optimizing interprofessional collaboration practices in GOCC situations with the participation of the patients and their relatives was proposed. Co-constructed and deployed in a clinical environment in collaboration with health and social services providers, the knowledge transfer strategy was evaluated in three successive phases, either at the time of its development, during its implementation and finally, after this in order to assess the impact on clinical practices. Twenty-six healthcare providers from different disciplines practicing at the CHU de Québec- Université Laval and at the CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale took part in the knowledge strategy, which main activity was the interprofessional training session held during Winter 2018. Analysis of collected data during development and implementation phases highlights : 1) relevance in mobilizing the various players targeted by the knowledge transfer strategy in order to develop relevant content that takes into account the needs and realities in practice context; 2) the need to obtain support from the management of establishments to facilitate the deployment of this type of initiative in health care and health services environments; 3) the importance of fostering a climate of openness and discussion spaces during interdisciplinary training session to promote the appropriation of interprofessional competencies, as well as a place conducive to the development of critical reflections on the participants' GOCC practice. The highlights of the short-term impact assessment phase of the strategy emphasized three main changes observed by the participants in their GOCC practice: 1) better appropriation of a harmonized level of care form for discussing end-of-life issues with patients; 2) improved IPC practices in complex GOCC situations through better affirmation of their expertise role along with recognition of other professionals’ role in this decision-making process, and 3) reaffirmed roles of advocacy, support and enabler with patients and families in GOCC context. In light of these results, recommendations are made to optimize the timely participation of sick people in informed decision-making processes about their end-of-life care, this in an interprofessional collaboration perspective. Recommendations related to the provision of earlier support services in the care trajectory of patients with serious illness, with a potentially fatal outcome in order to facilitate dialogue between patients and stakeholders in anticipation of end-of-life are also presented. This thesis concludes by proposing avenues to be explored in research.
Ziam, Saliha. "Les déterminants de la capacité d'absorption des connaissances : le cas des courtiers de connaissances œuvrant dans le domaine de la santé au Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22178.
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