Статті в журналах: "Sandwich composite beam"

1

Zhu, Xiujie, Chao Xiong, Junhui Yin, Dejun Yin, and Huiyong Deng. "Bending Experiment and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Composite Sandwich Laminated Box Beams." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 2959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182959.

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The failure modes, ultimate load, stiffness performance, and their influencing factors of a composite sandwich laminated box beam under three-point bending load are studied by an experiment, finite element model, and analytical method. The three-point bending experiment was carried out on three different core composite sandwich laminated box beams, and the failure modes and bearing capacity were studied. With the use of composite progressive damage analysis and the core elastoplastic constitutive model, the finite element model of the composite sandwich laminated box beam was established, and the three-point bending failure process and failure modes were analyzed. The analytical model was established based on the Timoshenko beam theory. The overall bending stiffness and shear stiffness of the composite sandwich laminated box beam were calculated by the internal force–displacement relationship. The results show that the composite sandwich laminated box beam mainly suffers from local crushing failure, and the errors between the finite element simulation and the experiment result were within 7%. The analytical model of the composite sandwich laminated box beam can approximately predict the overall stiffness parameters, while the maximum error between theoretic results and experimental values was 5.2%. For composite aluminum honeycomb sandwich laminated box beams with a ratio of span to height less than 10, the additional deflection caused by shear deformation has an error of more than 25%. With the ratio of circumferential layers to longitudinal layers increasing, the three-point bending ultimate load of the composite sandwich laminated box beam increases, but the ratio of the overall stiffness to mass reduces. The use of low-density aluminum foam and smaller-wall-thickness cell aluminum honeycombs allows for the more obvious benefits of light weight.

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2

Zlamalova, Pavlina, Petr Štěpánek, Frantisek Girgle, Vojtech Kostiha, and Petr Daněk. "Static Analysis of Sandwich Composite Panels." Key Engineering Materials 930 (August 31, 2022): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-49f405.

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This paper describes the development of a sandwich composite beam based on FRP materials which is a suitable alternative to reinforced concrete beams in specific applications. These FRP materials show higher durability and stability compared to reinforced concrete in aggressive environments (e.g. wastewater treatment plants). Compared to pultruded FRP beams, the developed solution better utilizes the properties of the sub-components. The results of this research suggest that the optimum use of composite materials is when the upper and lower flanges of the beam consist of pultruded composite profiles in the TT cross-section and the standing composite grating; this creates a relatively stiff beam with a high load-bearing capacity and resistance to aggressive environments at a very low self-weight. The final properties of this beam can be adjusted thanks to the variability of the dimensions of the web as well as the variability of a suitable laminate surface treatment. This in the final combination creates a sandwich composite structure. The behaviour of the composite beam is then confirmed in this paper using a four-point bending test. Different configurations of the beam design allowed us to determine the influence of the laminate surface layer (verification of the sandwich functionality), but also the influence of the beam connection at the standing point on the resulting behaviour. The results of the experiments demonstrated the optimal physical and mechanical parameters of the sandwich composite beam structure and gave us insights for further use of this type of structure.

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3

Selvaraj, Rajeshkumar, Kamesh Gupta, Shubham Kumar Singh, Ankur Patel, and Manoharan Ramamoorthy. "Free vibration characteristics of multi-core sandwich composite beams: Experimental and numerical investigation." Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, no. 9_suppl (November 2021): S1414—S1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911211057679.

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This study investigates the free vibration responses of laminated composite sandwich beam with multi-cores using experimental and numerical methods. The laminated composite face sheets are made by using hand layup method. An experimental modal test has been carried for different configurations of multi-core sandwich beams under different end conditions. The single-core and multi-core sandwich beams has been modeled and the natural frequencies of sandwich beams are determined using ANSYS software. The numerical model is verified by comparing the obtained natural frequencies with experimental results. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the multi-core sandwich beam greatly influences the structural stiffness compared with single-core sandwich beam under different end conditions. Furthermore, the influence of several parameters such as the end conditions, thickness of the core layer, and stacking sequence on the natural frequencies of the various configurations of the multi-core sandwich beams are presented.

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4

Lu, Ping, Xu Dong Liu, Xue Qiang Ma, and Wei Bo Huang. "Analysis of Damping Characteristics for Sandwich Beams with a Polyurea Viscoelastic Layer." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.764.

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Constrained layer damping treatments such as sandwich beams are considered as the most efficient way of introducing vibration damping into a structure. The dynamic mechanical properties and damping behavior of a laminated sandwich composite beam inserted with a viscoelastic layer is investigated. A quantitative analysis of damping in the sandwich laminated composite beam has been conducted through the theoretical and experimental method. Traditional epoxy and new kind of polyurea viscoelastic layer are selected to analyze the damping properties. Results showed that the polyurea viscoelastic layer had good dumping capability. The effects of temperature, frequency of viscoelastic layer on vibration damping characteristics arc also discussed. They also demonstrate the great capability of laminated sandwich composites with embedded viscoelastic layer to considerably enhance structural damping.

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5

WEI, KEXIANG, GUANG MENG, HONGQUAN LU, and SHISHA ZHU. "DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ROTATING ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL COMPOSITE BEAMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 07n09 (April 10, 2005): 1236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205030128.

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The modeling and vibration properties of rotating electrorheological (ER) sandwich beams are discussed. The proposed beam is composed of three layers with ER fluids sandwiched between two elastic layers. Based on the Hamilton's principle and finite element method (FEM), the equations of motion of ER beam are derived. The effects of different electric fields, rotating speed and thickness ration on the resonant frequencies and modal loss factors are presented. The results of numerical simulation show that the model loss factor of rotating ER beam can be substantially increased when applied an electric field. The ER materials have a significant effect on the vibration suppression of rotating composite beam.

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6

Gdoutos, E. E., and M. S. Konsta-Gdoutos. "Load and Geometry Effect on Failure Mode Initiation of Composite Sandwich Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 3-4 (August 2006): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.3-4.173.

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Facing compressive failure, facing wrinkling and core shear failure are the most commonly encountered failure modes in sandwich beams with facings made of composite materials. The occurrence and sequence of these failure modes depends on the geometrical dimensions, the form of loading and type of support of the beam. In this paper the above three failure modes in sandwich beams with facings made of carbon/epoxy composites and cores made of aluminum honeycomb and two types of foam have been investigated. Two types of beams, the simply supported and the cantilever have been considered. Loading included concentrated and uniform. It was found that in beams with foam core facing wrinkling and core shear failure occur, whereas in beams with honeycomb core facing compressive failure and core shear crimping take place. Results were obtained for the dependence of failure mode on the geometry of the beam and the type of loading. The critical beam spans for failure mode transition from core shear to wrinkling failure were established. It was found that initiation of a particular failure mode depends on the properties of the facing and core materials, the geometrical configuration and loading of composite sandwich beams.

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7

Baba, Buket Okutan, and Ronald F. Gibson. "The Vibration Response of Composite Sandwich Beam with Delamination." Advanced Composites Letters 16, no. 2 (March 2007): 096369350701600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350701600204.

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The aim of this study is to report the effect of delamination on the vibration characteristics of composite sandwich beams. The natural frequencies and corresponding vibration modes of a free-free sandwich beam with delamination of various sizes and locations are predicted using a two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). The presence of delamination affects the stiffness of the delaminated beam and results in differences on the natural frequencies of the beam. Assessment of the differences light the way for the existence, size and location of the delaminated region and can be used for a non-destructive evaluation of the damage characteristics of the delaminated beams. Vibration tests are conducted on fully bonded sandwich beams with carbon/epoxy laminated composite faces and foam core to verify the finite element results. Agreement between predictions of the model and experimental observations is good.

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8

Tripa, Mihai Sorin, Sorcoi Dorina, Lucia Ghioltean, Adriana Sorcoi, and Mihaela Suciu. "Bending Calculus for Bio-Composite Sandwich Beams with Two Equal Consoles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 859 (December 2016): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.859.46.

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Aeronautic industries, medicine, automotive industries are domains in which the composite materials are very important. In orthopedics and orthodontist domains, titanium and its alloys are very used, because their mechanical properties are similar to bone tissue. Bio-composite sandwich beams have high stiffness in flexion and good thermal characteristics. The analytical calculus for bending bio-composite beams is very important. We calculate the arrows for sandwich beams for two aspects: first – beam in four kinds of alloys (titanium alloys, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, Co-Cr-Mo alloys) and second – bio-composite sandwich beam, composed of two equal layers in same alloys and heart in: polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, epoxide, phenolic, polyester, polyamides, balsa 1 and balsa 2 and compare its.

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9

Prasad, Meenu. "Analysis of Coconut Shell Concrete in the Sandwich Beam using ANSYS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36010.

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SCS consists of a layer of unreinforced concrete core, sandwiched between two relatively thin steel plates with novel enhanced C-channel connectors. Compared to C-channel connectors, ECs directly link the two external steel faceplates. The cost of traditional materials used in the concrete is the major factor which increases the cost of constructions, so it is necessary to research for alternative construction materials. In this project, the concrete core is used as the coconut shell concrete. Coconut Shell is a waste, generated by industrial and agricultural processes, and has created disposal and management problems that pose serious issues of environmental pollution. The first objective is to analyze the composite properties at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of coconut shell in the sandwich beam using rules of mixture . The Rules of Mixture is an analytical equations that are used to calculate the composite properties of the material. Then analyze the effect of coconut shell sandwich beam in ANSYS software. Also compare the conventional sandwich beam and coconut shell sandwich beam. Analyze the strength and decaying of coconut shell sandwich beam using ANSYS.

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10

Wu, Helong, Sritawat Kitipornchai, and Jie Yang. "Free Vibration and Buckling Analysis of Sandwich Beams with Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composite Face Sheets." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 15, no. 07 (August 31, 2015): 1540011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455415400118.

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This paper investigates the free vibration and elastic buckling of sandwich beams with a stiff core and functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) face sheets within the framework of Timoshenko beam theory. The material properties of FG-CNTRCs are assumed to vary in the thickness direction, and are estimated through a micromechanical model. The governing equations and boundary conditions are derived by using Hamilton's principle and discretized by employing the differential quadrature (DQ) method to obtain the natural frequency and critical buckling load of the sandwich beam. A detailed parametric study is conducted to study the effects of carbon nanotube volume fraction, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, slenderness ratio, and end supports on the free vibration characteristics and buckling behavior of sandwich beams with FG-CNTRC face sheets. The vibration behavior of the sandwich beam under an initial axial force is also discussed. Numerical results for sandwich beams with uniformly distributed carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (UD-CNTRC) face sheets are also provided for comparison.

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11

Mansourinik, Mohsen, and Fathollah Taheri-Behrooz. "The effect of interface debonding on flexural behaviour of composite sandwich beams." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 4 (June 9, 2018): 1132–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218781981.

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In the current article, the behaviour of sandwich beams with and without initial core–skin debonding is studied under flexural loads through numerical and experimental procedures. Sandwich beams with three different lengths of 100, 180 and 280 mm and two types of composite skin layups of [0/90]2 and [45/–45]2 are fabricated. An initial artificial debonding is created between core and face sheets during manufacturing the flawed sandwich beams. Numerical simulations and experiments of the short- and medium-sized intact beams revealed that the dominant failure mode is foam yielding and crushing. Thus, the composite skins layup sequence has almost no effect on the failure initiation and growth of those beams. However, in the long-sized sandwich beams, the layup sequence changed the load–displacement response of the beams. Moreover, ignoring the nonlinear behaviour of the composite skins caused a remarkable deviation from the experiment. It is shown that sandwich beams with initial debonding placed in tension side had a negligible effect on the loading capacity of the beams, while those on the compression side had remarkable effects. For instance, the ultimate load of the long-sized beam decreased by 56% compared to the intact sandwich beam. Similarly, in the medium-sized beam, the core–skin debonding in the compressive side caused near 20% reduction in the loading capacity compared to the corresponding intact beam. The cohesive zone model and the extended finite element method were utilized successfully to capture crack initiation and propagation between the core–skin interfaces as well as inside the foam core. Acceptable agreement was observed between the experiment and numerical results.

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12

Meng, Li Qing, Yan Wu, Shi Zhe Chen, and Xue Feng Shu. "Quasi-Static Failure Analysis of Honeycomb Sandwich Beam with Composite Facesheets." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.855.

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Sandwich construction consists of two thin composite or metal facesheets separated by a core material. Despite extensive researches on the sandwich constructions, their mechanical properties and failure behaviours are still not fully understand. The objective of the paper is to use a experimental and theoretical predicting failure mode for sandwich beam consisting of GFRP facesheets and Nomex honeycomb core. Two kinds of composite sandwich beams are observed in quasi-static three-point bending and indentation test.

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13

Sivachidambaram, M., and J. Revathy. "Flexural Performance of SCS Sandwich Beam with Foamed Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 857 (November 2016): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.857.119.

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This paper presents the investigation on the flexural performance of steel concrete steel (SCS) sandwich beam comprising of fibre reinforced foamed concrete (FRFC) as a core concrete, sandwiched between the two steel plates. The steel plates were connected by a J-hook shear connector in order to develop a composite action between the plates and core concrete. The light weight foamed concrete having a density ranged from 1400 to 1450 kg/m3. The SCS sandwich beams were tested under a static gradual loading up to failure to examine its flexural behaviour. The test results revealed that the proposed SCS sandwich beam with FRFC increased the load carrying capacity and ductility performance. The finite element based modelling has also been conducted for the corroboration of test results. A reasonably close agreement has been obtained between the experimental results and predicted values.

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14

Balıkoğlu, F., N. Arslan, TK Demircioğlu, O. İnal, M. İren, and A. Ataş. "Improving four-point bending performance of marine composite sandwich beams by core modification." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 8 (February 20, 2020): 1049–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319874502.

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The aim of this study was to improve four-point bending performance of foam core sandwich composite beams by applying various core machining configurations. Sandwich composites have been manufactured using perforated and grooved foam cores by vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding method with vinyl-ester resin system. The influence of grooves and perforations on the mechanical performance of marine sandwich composite beams was investigated under four-point bending test considering the weight gain. Bending strength and effective bending stiffness increased up to 34% and 61%, respectively, in comparison to a control beam without core modification. Analytical equations were utilised for calculating the mid-span deflection, equivalent bending stiffness and ultimate bending strength of the sandwich beams. Finite element analysis was also performed to analyse the flexural response of the specimens taking into account the combined effect of orthotropic linear elasticity of the face sheet and the non-linear behaviour of the foam core.

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15

Allien, J. Vipin, Hemantha Kumar, and Vijay Desai. "Semi-active vibration control of SiC-reinforced Al6082 metal matrix composite sandwich beam with magnetorheological fluid core." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 408–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420719890374.

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Dynamic characterization of silicon carbide particles reinforced Al6082 alloy metal matrix composite sandwich beam with magnetorheological fluid core is experimentally investigated. The study is focused on determining the effect of magnetorheological fluid core on the dynamic behavior of the sandwich structure. The magnetorheological fluid core is enclosed between the top and bottom metal matrix composite beams. The metal matrix composite beams are cast with silicon carbide particles in Al6082 alloy varying from 0 to 20 wt%. The magnetorheological fluid is prepared in-house and contains 30 vol.% carbonyl iron powder and 70 vol.% silicone oil. The free vibration test is conducted to determine the natural frequencies and damping ratio. It is found that the natural frequencies and damping ratio of the sandwich beams increased with an increase in the applied magnetic flux density. The experimental forced dynamic response of sandwich beams is carried out using sine sweep excitation. Vibration amplitude suppression capabilities of the sandwich beams subjected to varying magnetic flux densities are determined. The experimental forced vibration results reveal that metal matrix composite–magnetorheological fluid core sandwich beams have excellent vibration amplitude suppression capabilities.

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16

Yuan, Ze Xun, and Ling Tao Mao. "Interior Deformation and Failure of a Short Composite Sandwich Beam under Three-Point Bending." Key Engineering Materials 929 (August 24, 2022): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-085p7o.

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Composite sandwich plates and beams are increasingly employed as an engineering material in structures such as airplanes, ships, bridges, and vehicles because of their superb strength to weight ratio. Understanding a sandwich structure’s failure mechanism is a prerequisite for a safety design. In this paper, we employ a new experimental technique called DVSP (Digital Volumetric Speckle Photography) to map the interior deformation of a short composite sandwich beam under three-point bending. 3D displacement fields and shear strain fields of 5 transverse and 4 longitudinal sections of the beam are mapped quantitatively in detail as a function of increasing load. The beam fails in delamination of the interface between the face sheet and core.

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17

Yeh, Meng Kao, and Yu Wen Chiu. "Finite Element Analysis of Centrally-Debonded Composite Sandwich Beam under Four Point Bending." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.351.

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Sandwich structure, with high specific strength, high specific stiffness facesheet and light-weighted core material bonded together, is one of commonly used composite structures. During the manufacturing process, it is possible to have debonding between facesheet and core. This facesheet/core debonding affects the mechanical property and strength of sandwich structure. In this study, sandwich beams are made of graphite/epoxy laminate as facesheet and MWNTs/epoxy nanocomposites as core material. The composite sandwich beam, with a central facesheet/core debond and under four point bending, was analyzed by the finite element method. The length of the debonding layer, the fiber orientation of the facesheet laminate and MWNTs content in core were varied to assess their effects on the bending behavior and the strengths of the centrally-debonded sandwich beams.

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18

Ramesh, Babu V., R. Vasudevan, and Naveen B. Kumar. "Vibration Analysis of a Laminated Composite Magnetorheological Elastomer Sandwich Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2097–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2097.

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In this study, the vibration analysis of a laminated composite magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) sandwich beam is presented. The governing differential equations of motion of a sandwich beam embedding a MRE layer as core layer and laminated composite beams as the face layers are presented in a finite element formulation. The validity of the developed finite element formulation is demonstrated by comparing results in terms of the natural frequencies derived from the present finite element formulation with those in the available literature. Various parametric studies are also performed to investigate the effect of a magnetic field on the variation of the natural frequencies and loss factors of the MR elastomer composite sandwich beam under various boundary conditions. Furthermore, the effect of the thickness of the MR elastomer layer on the variation of the natural frequencies and loss factors are studied. The study suggested that the natural frequency increases with increasing magnetic field, irrespective of the boundary conditions.

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19

Sadeghian, Pedram, Dimo Hristozov, and Laura Wroblewski. "Experimental and analytical behavior of sandwich composite beams: Comparison of natural and synthetic materials." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 20, no. 3 (May 31, 2016): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636216649891.

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In this study, the flexural behavior of sandwich composite beams made of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) skins and light-weight cores are studied. The focus is on the comparison of natural and synthetic fiber and core materials. Two types of fiber materials, namely glass and flax fibers, as well as two types of core materials, namely polypropylene honeycomb and cork, are considered. A total of 105 small-scale sandwich beam specimens (50 mm wide) were prepared and tested under four-point bending. Test parameters were fiber types (flax and glass fibers), core materials (cork ad honeycomb), skin layers (0, 1, and 2 layers), core thicknesses (6–25 mm), and beam spans (150 and 300 mm). The load–deflection behavior, peak load, initial stiffness, and failure mode of the specimens are evaluated. Moreover, the flexural stiffness, shear rigidity, and core shear modulus of the sandwich composites are computed based on the test results of the two spans. An analytical model is also implemented to compute the flexural stiffness, core shear strength, and skin normal stress of the sandwich composites. Overall, the natural fiber and cork materials showed a promising and comparable structural performance with their synthetic counterparts.

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20

Lal, Achchhe, and Kanif Markad. "Nonlinear flexural analysis of sandwich beam with multi walled carbon nanotube reinforced composite sheet under thermo-mechanical loading." Curved and Layered Structures 7, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2020-0001.

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AbstractNonlinear flexural analysis of sandwich composite beam with multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced composite face sheet and bottom sheet under the thermo-mechanically induced loading using finite element method is carried out. Solution of current bending analysis is performed using Newton’s Raphson approach by using higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and non-linearity with Von Kármán kinematics. The sandwich laminated composite beam is subjected to uniform, linear and nonlinear varying temperature distribution through thickness of the beam. The sandwich beam with MWCNT reinforced composite facesheet and bottom sheet is subjected to point, uniformly distributed (UDL), hydrostatic and sinusoidal loading. The two phase matrix is utilized with E-Glass fiber to form three phase composite face sheet and bottom sheet by Halpin-Tsai model. The static bending analysis is performed for evaluating the transverse central deflection of three and five layered sandwich composite beam. Transverse central deflection is measured by varying CNT volume fraction, uniformly distributed, linearly and nonlinear varying temperature distribution, thickness ratio, boundary condition, number of walls of carbon nanotube by using interactive MATLAB code.

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21

Saadati, M., and M. Sadighi. "A damage investigation of a lightweight composite sandwich beam under concentrated loading." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 11 (July 10, 2009): 2509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1525.

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Sandwich beam damages are different from thick laminates because of thick and low modulus core. Faces and core fracture and core compressive yielding are three major damages of a lightweight sandwich beam under concentrated loading. The sandwich panel classical theory (SPCT) measures core compression using the Winkler foundation theory. The sandwich panel higher-order theory (SPHOT) assumes sandwich beams in three sections (top face, core, and bottom face). SPHOT models deformation of faces with the classical laminate deformation theory and for core with the elasticity theory. This is a closed-form solution resulting in seven ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The compression of the core is also considered. In the present research, the behaviour of faces is modified according to the first-order shear deformation theory in SPHOT. The modified sandwich panel higher-order theory (MSPHOT) models behaviour of sandwich beam with nine ODEs. The present article shows that core compressive yielding damage is the first damage mode in a fully backed (sandwich on the rigid ground boundary condition) state. Faces fracture, core fracture, and core compressive yielding (indentation) are examined in three point bending by mentioned theories, and the results (SPHOT, MSPHOT) are compared with those obtained from finite element-analysis using ANSYS software and the available experimental data. SPCT predicts core fracture critical load well but results show good agreement between MSPHOT and the experimental data for face fracture and core compressive yielding.

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22

Cong, Li Xin, and Yu Guo Sun. "Bending Response of Composite Sandwich Beams with M-Type Folded Cores." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.452.

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Bending properties and failure modes of sandwich structure with carbon fiber composite M-type folded cores were investigated and presented in this paper. Three point bending responses of both sandwich beams were measured. The finite element method was utilized to determine deformation mode of sandwich beam with M-type folded cores. Cores buckling and debonding have been studied under three point bending and the maximum displacement was also studied using FE-analytical and experimental methods.

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23

Fajrin, Jauhar, Zhu Ge Yan, Frank Bullen, and Hao Wang. "The Implementation of Statistical Inference to Study the Bending Strength of Sustainable Hybrid Sandwich Panel Composite." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 956–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.956.

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The study reported here involves the evaluation of the ultimate bending stress (bending strength) of hybrid sandwich panels using a simple comparative statistical analysis. Four sets of beam were tested with each set consisting of modified beams (MB) and unmodified beam (UB) samples. A total of 42 beam samples were tested using 3 point bending followed by statistical inference analysis using a t-test. The results show that the introduction of an intermediate layer has a significant effect on increasing the bending strength of the new hybrid sandwich panel composite.

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24

Rao, K. Venkata, S. Raja, and T. Munikenche Gowda. "On the Actuation Authority of Adaptive Sandwich Beam with Composite Actuators: Coupled Finite Element Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.332.

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A two noded active sandwich beam element is formulated by employing layerwise Timoshenko’s beam theory. Displacement continuity conditions are imposed between different layers of the sandwich. This element is used to model an adaptive sandwich beam with macro-fiber composite (MFC) as extension actuator and shear actuated fiber composite (SAFC) as shear actuator. Influence of thickness and volume fraction of the active fiber (PZT-5A and single crystal PMN-PT) in the composite actuators on the actuation performance of the sandwich beam is investigated. Based on several numerical experiments, it is found that the PMN-PT based shear actuators give maximum actuation authority for the volume fraction of the fibers in the range of 80%-85%, whereas in case of PZT-5A based shear actuators the actuation authority remains maximum for the fiber volume fractions 80% and above.

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25

Jedari Salami, S. "Free vibration analysis of sandwich beams with carbon nanotube reinforced face sheets based on extended high-order sandwich panel theory." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 20, no. 2 (May 22, 2016): 219–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636216649788.

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Free vibration analysis of a sandwich beam with soft core and carbon nanotube reinforced composite face sheets, hitherto not reported in the literature, based on extended high-order sandwich panel theory is presented. Distribution of fibers through the thickness of the face sheets could be uniform or functionally graded. In this theory, the face sheets follow the first-order shear deformation theory. Besides, the two-dimensional elasticity is used for the core. The field equations are derived via the Ritz-based solution which is suitable for any essential boundary conditions. Chebyshev polynomials multiplying boundary R-functions are used as admissible functions and evidence of their good performance is given. A detailed parametric study is conducted to study the effects of nanotube volume fraction and their distribution pattern, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of sandwich beams with functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite face sheets and soft cores. Since the extended high-order sandwich panel theory can be used with any combinations of core and face sheets and not only the soft cores that the other theories demand, the results for the same beam with functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite face sheets and stiff core are also provided for comparison. It is concluded that the sandwich beam with X and V distribution figures of face sheets, no matter what the boundary conditions, has higher vibration performance than the beam with UD-CNTRC face sheets.

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26

Yan, Dawei, Haiying Wan, Anying Chen, and Bing Wang. "Bending Performance of Concrete Sandwich Walls with Actual Boundary Conditions." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031229.

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Concrete sandwich walls are commonly used as the exterior wall panels of a structure, in which the wall suffers out-of-plane bending under strong wind conditions. This paper aims to investigate the bending performance of concrete sandwich walls under actual boundary conditions through experimental and analytical methods. In total, four concrete sandwich walls were tested to detect the influence of openings and loading direction. Typical failure patterns were characterized and discussed. The load-displacement curves of four test specimens were analyzed. It was indicated that the bearing capacity of the walls under negative bending conditions was higher than that under positive bending conditions, owing to the additional constraints provided by the steel beams. Strain distributions of wall specimens were also discussed in order to obtain the composite action of the sandwich walls between the upper and lower layers of concrete. In addition, the finite element model (FEM) was developed by ABAQUS to provide insights into the bending performance of the sandwich walls. Through comparison with the test results, the FEM was verified with a good level of accuracy. Subsequently, the degree of composite action of the sandwich walls was assessed in terms of both the moment of inertia and bearing capacity. From the experimental and numerical results, it demonstrated that the bearing capacity of concrete sandwiched wall under negative direction was higher than that under positive direction owing to the constraints of steel beam. The derived composite action degree could be employed to evaluate the out-plane bending stiffness and strength of sandwiched concrete wall. Both the experimental and analytical results in this paper are beneficial for the design of sandwich walls under bending conditions.

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27

Kalsoom, Ambreen, A. N. Shankar, Ismail Kakaravada, Prakhar Jindal, V. V. K. Lakshmi, and S. Rajeshkumar. "Investigation of dynamic properties of a three-dimensional printed thermoplastic composite beam containing controllable core under non-uniform magnetic fields." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 236, no. 2 (October 25, 2021): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14644207211045943.

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This paper presents the dynamic responses of sandwich beams with 3D printed thermoplastic composite face sheets and multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced magnetorheological elastomer (MWCNT-MR elastomer) cores under non-uniform magnetic fields. A higher-order beam theory (HoBT) is employed to express the beam‘s displacement field. The governing equations of the 3D printed thermoplastic sandwich beam are derived using Lagrange‘s principle and discretized by the finite element method. The validity of the present method is confirmed through comparison with the results available in the literature. The stiffness and damping characteristics of the 3D printed thermoplastic sandwich beam are investigated in relation to support conditions, non-homogeneous magnetic flux, and core-face sheet thickness ratio.

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28

Gdoutos, E. E., and I. M. Daniel. "Nonlinear Stress and Deformation Behaviour of Composite Sandwich Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 13-14 (July 2008): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.13-14.91.

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The nonlinear load-displacement and normal stress distribution in composite sandwich beams made of unidirectional carbon/epoxy facings and PVC foam cores under bending was studied. The carbon/epoxy after an initial linear response exhibits a stiffening nonlinearity in tension and a softening nonlinearity in compression with the longitudinal strength in tension higher than that in compression. The foam core also presents a nonlinear stress-strain response. It was obtained that the load-displacement behaviour of the beam, after an initial linear part, is not linear. This behavior was modeled by an incremental strength of materials nonlinear analysis. The theoretical predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, it was obtained that the neutral axis of sandwich beams under bending does not pass through the centroid of the cross section, but is displaced toward the tensile side of the beam. Experimental results by moiré measurements of the in-plane horizontal displacements of the core material corroborated the analytical predictions. These findings imply higher compressive and smaller tensile stresses in the core, than those predicted for facings with identical stress-strain behaviour in tension and compression, and should be taking into consideration in the failure analysis of sandwich beams.

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29

Soden, P. D. "Indentation of composite sandwich beams." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 31, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v315353.

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Indentation of a sandwich beam is analysed as linear elastic bending of the top skin on a rigid-perfectly plastic foundation (the core). The theoretical predictions of fracture load from this simple theory are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results from indentation tests on strips of sandwich panel, with glass-fibre-reinforced plastic skins and foam core, supported on a rigid base.

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30

Subramani, Mageshwaran, Ananda Babu Arumugam, and Manoharan Ramamoorthy. "Vibration Analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Laminated Composite Skin with Glass Honeycomb Sandwich Beam Using HSDT." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 61, no. 3 (June 29, 2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.9747.

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In this paper, the vibration analysis of uniform laminated composite sandwich beam with a viscoelastic core was studied. The governing equation of motion of the laminated composite sandwich beam has been derived based on higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) in finite element model (FEM). The developed finite element model has been validated in terms of natural frequencies with the experimental values and the available literature. Various parametric studies have been performed to examine the impact of the core thickness, ply orientation and aspect ratio of the uniform laminated composite sandwich beam in response to free vibration for various boundary conditions. From the results it was concluded that that natural frequencies could be increased with increasing the core thickness and decreased with increasing the aspect ratio.

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31

Ascione, Alessia, Adrian C. Orifici, and Marco Gherlone. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Refined Zigzag Theory for Accurate Buckling Analysis of Highly Heterogeneous Sandwich Beams." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 07 (July 2020): 2050078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420500789.

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The Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT) is a structural theory developed for the analysis of composite multilayer and sandwich beams. However, the accuracy of RZT for buckling analysis of sandwich beams has not been experimentally investigated, and for RZT and Timoshenko Beam Theory (TBT) the effect of the degree of heterogeneity on their accuracy requires further study. The aim of this work was to validate the use of the RZT for predicting the critical buckling loads of sandwich beams, even with highly heterogeneous material properties, and to assess the use of the TBT for the same application. Buckling experiments were conducted on five foam-core sandwich beams, which varied in geometry and included highly heterogeneous configurations. For each beam, two finite element (FE) models were analyzed using RZT- and TBT-beam FEs. The comparison between the numerical and the experimental results highlighted a major capability of RZT to correctly predict the critical buckling load for all the beams considered. The dependence of the TBT results on the beam characteristics was further investigated through a parametric analysis, which showed the dominant effect to be a close to linear relationship between the TBT error and the beam face-to-core thickness ratio. The work demonstrated the outstanding accuracy of the RZT predictions, including the superior capabilities with respect to TBT, and has application for rapid and accurate analysis of industrial structures.

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32

Avhad, Pravin V., and Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad. "On the deformation of laminated composite and sandwich curved beams." Curved and Layered Structures 9, no. 1 (October 18, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2022-0001.

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Abstract Plenty of research articles are available on the static deformation analysis of laminated straight beams using refined shear deformation theories. However, research on the deformation of laminated curved beams with simply supported boundary conditions is limited and needs more attention nowadays. With this objective, the present study deals with the static analysis of laminated composite and sandwich beams curved in elevation using a new quasi-3D polynomial type beam theory. The theory considers the effects of both transverse shear and normal strains, i.e. thickness stretching effects. In the present theory, axial displacement has expanded up to the fifth-order polynomial in terms of thickness coordinates to effectively account for the effects of curvature and deformations. The present theory satisfies the zero traction boundary condition on the top and bottom surfaces of the beam. Governing differential equations and associated boundary conditions are established by using the Principal of virtual work. Navier’s solution technique is used to obtain displacements and stresses for simply supported beams curved in elevation and subjected to uniformly distributed load. The present results can be benefited to the upcoming researchers.

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33

Tessler, Alexander, Marco Di Sciuva, and Marco Gherlone. "A Refined Zigzag Beam Theory for Composite and Sandwich Beams." Journal of Composite Materials 43, no. 9 (January 29, 2009): 1051–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998308097730.

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34

TranVan, Luan, Vincent Legrand, Pascal Casari, Revathy Sankaran, Pau Loke Show, Aydin Berenjian, and Chyi-How Lay. "Hygro-Thermo-Mechanical Responses of Balsa Wood Core Sandwich Composite Beam Exposed to Fire." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010103.

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In this study, the hygro–thermo–mechanical responses of balsa core sandwich structured composite was investigated by using experimental, analytical and numerical results. These investigations were performed on two types of specimen conditions: dry and moisture saturation sandwich composite specimens that are composed of E-glass/polyester skins bonded to a balsa core. The wet specimens were immersed in distilled water at 40 °C until saturated with water. The both dry and wet sandwich composite specimens were heated by fire. The mass loss kinetic and the mechanical properties were investigated by using a cone calorimeter following the ISO 5660 standard and three-point bending mechanical test device. Experimental data show that the permeability and fire resistance of the sandwich structure are controlled by two composite skins. Obtained results allow us to understand the Hygro–Thermo–Mechanical Responses of the sandwich structured composite under application conditions.

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35

Sabiha, Tekili, Khadri Youcef, and Merzoug Bachir. "Free Vibration Analysis of the Strengthened Beams by Composite Coats." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.595.

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The analysis of free vibration of simply-supported lamineted composite coated beams is investigated. With a core made from an isotropic material (steel) and faces made from composite material, (glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy), two sandwich beam models are used in the study. For this purpose, a computer code is developed using MATLAB to perform the analysis of free-vibration of strengthened beams by composite coats. The effects of the variation of different parameters such as the span/depth ratio, fiber orientation angle of the coat, and thickness ratio on natural frequencies and of the beam are examined.

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36

Hu, Haozhong, Zhiyuan Mei, Huadong Li, and Dajiang Wu. "A comprehensive investigation on bending stiffness of composite grid-stiffened and functional foams sandwich beam." AIP Advances 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 105226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102129.

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This paper investigates the bending stiffness of composite grid-reinforced sandwich beams with functional foam cores by a combination of analysis, simulation, and experiment. First, the sandwich layer composed of stiffeners and foam cores is homogenized, and the equivalent mechanical parameters of the sandwich layer are proposed. Then, based on the first-order shear deformation theory, the three-point bending deflection of the beam is derived and verified by tests and simulations. Finally, the factors affecting the bending stiffness are investigated, such as the elastic modulus of the foam cores, the thickness of the stiffeners, the longitudinal and transverse spacing of the stiffeners, and the fiber lay-up angle of the stiffeners. The results of this paper are of great significance to the stiffness design and parameter optimization of composite grid-stiffened sandwich structures with foams for underwater vibration and noise reduction.

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37

Xie, Honglei, Li Wan, Bo Wang, Haiping Pei, Weiqing Liu, Kong Yue, and Lu Wang. "An Investigation on Mechanical Behavior of Tooth-Plate-Glass-Fiber Hybrid Sandwich Beams." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (February 12, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6346471.

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Tooth-plate-glass-fiber hybrid sandwich (TFS) is a type of sandwich composites fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin infusion process, in which glass fiber facesheets reinforced by metal plate are connected to foam core through tooth nails. Bending properties and interlaminar properties of TFS beams with various foam densities were investigated by flexural tests and DCB (double cantilever beam) tests. The test results showed that by increasing the foam core density from 35 kg/m3 to 150 kg/m3, the peak strength of TFS beams significantly increased by 168% to 258% compared with similar sandwich beams with fibrous composite facesheets. With the change of foam density and span length, the main failure modes are core shear and facesheet indentation beneath the loading roller. The interlaminar strain energy release rates of TFS specimens also increased by increasing the density of the foam. In addition, an analytical model was used to predict the ultimate bending strength of TFS beams, which were in good accordance with the experimental results.

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38

Kong, Cheol Won, Se Won Eun, Jae Sung Park, Ho Sung Lee, Young Soon Jang, Yeong Moo Yi, and Gwang Rae Cho. "The Effect of a Honeycomb Core on the Mechanical Properties of Composite Sandwich Plates." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2752.

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When comparing composite sandwich analysis with an exact solution, the results of finite element modeling with an ANSYS shell 91 element agreed well with the exact solution. The practical applications of the shell 91 element are demonstrated with a four-point bend test conducted on sandwich beam specimens. The specimens comprised carbon/epoxy fabric face sheets and a honeycomb core. Two kinds of honeycomb cores were used to fabricate the composite sandwich specimens: an aluminum one and a glass/phenolic one. The predictions with the shell 91 element were also agreed well with the experimental results. A variety of tests was conducted; namely, a long beam flexural test, a short beam shear test, a flatwise tensile test, a flatwise compression test and an edge compression test. The sandwich plate with the aluminum honeycomb core had a specific bending stiffness that was 1.7 to 2.0 times higher than that of the sandwich plate with the glass/ phenolic honeycomb core.

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39

Vcelka, Martin, Yvonne Durandet, Christopher C. Berndt, and Dong Ruan. "Deformation and Energy Absorption of Composite Sandwich Beams." Key Engineering Materials 626 (August 2014): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.626.468.

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Experimental observations and data are employed to elucidate the effect of indenter size on the deformation and energy absorption of composite sandwich beams. Unlike metal face sheets that yield and plastically deform to create an intact indentation zone; composite face sheets tend to fail in a brittle manner resulting in fibre breakage that leads to widespread fracture. This mode of failure can dictate how the load is transferred throughout the structure and directly affect the energy absorption character of the composite sandwich beam. Quasi-static and low velocity impact (LVI) three-point bending experiments with various indenter diameters were conducted to observe the interaction between indenter and face sheet and the energy absorption properties. The results are compared with existing analytical expressions.

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40

Caliskan, Umut, and M. Kemal Apalak. "The response of pin-clamped carbon fibre-reinforced plastics composite sandwich beams with polyvinylchloride foam core under bending impact." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 9-10 (March 26, 2020): 384–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684420910794.

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The dynamic response of pin-clamped composite sandwich beam in terms of face-sheet effect with polyvinylchloride foam core subjected to bending impact loading was investigated in this paper. Composite sandwich beams with three different unidirectional skin layups of [0]4, [45]4 and [90]4 and two types of face-sheet thickness of 1 ([0]4) and 2 ([0]8) mm were fabricated. An explicit code, VUMAT, is written and implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit. The micro-computerised tomography scanning was used to detect adhesive layer failure. The ply angle orientation of face sheets plays an important role in the failure mechanism of the sandwich beam under bending loads. Although it is known that the fibre angle in the direction perpendicular to the bending direction is more stiff and strength, damage tolerances under bending impact loads of beams with other fibre angles were determined. In addition, as the number of layers increased, failure mechanism and load-carrying capacity of composite face sheets changed completely for increasing bending stiffness. This research provides fundamental information about the change of the failure mechanisms as the fibre angle and thickness of the face sheet were changed and in terms of interpretation with the help of finite elements using different failure criteria.

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41

Mines, R. A. W. "An Introduction to the Impact Behaviour of Polymer Composites Using Simplified Beam Models." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 26, no. 2 (April 1998): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909802600202.

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The paper describes a final-year undergraduate course that has been taught at the University of Liverpool for the past three years. The main aims of the course are to introduce the student to the design of structures using multi-component (composite) materials and to the performance of such structures under impact loading. Given the complexity of generalized composite behaviour and of structural crashworthiness, a simple structural case is considered, namely, a beam subject to three-point bending. A feature of the course is that not only is linear structural response considered but also non-linear (progressive) structural collapse is covered. The course is split into four parts, namely: (i) analysis of composite laminae, (ii) analysis of laminated beams, (iii) local and global effects in sandwich beams, and (iv) post-failure and progressive collapse of sandwich beams. Static and impact loadings are considered. Comments are made on how the theories are simplified and communicated to the undergraduate students.

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42

Wu, Xin Feng, Jian Ying Xu, Jing Xin Hao, Rui Liao, and Zhu Zhong. "Three-Point Flexural Normal Stress Analysis of Wood-Bamboo Sandwich Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1894.

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In order to describe the bending property of sandwich beam with wood skin and binderless bamboo chips core, the effect of construction parameters and material type on bending normal stress and moment was analyzed systematically. It is shown that maximum bending normal stress of sandwich construction is bigger than homogeneous single layer beam with same cross section if the skin has higher modulus than the core. The bending moment can be taken almost by skin layer if the core modulus is much smaller than skin materials and core thickness should also be smaller to special point than total cross section. As for wood-bamboo sandwich composite, the core resistance to bending moment should be considered. The results can provide basic theory for design optimization of sandwich construction.

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43

Park, Chan Yik, Kwan Ho Lee, In-Gul Kim, and Young Shin Lee. "OS09W0065 Low velocity impact monitoring for a composite sandwich beam using PVDF sensor signals." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS09W0065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os09w0065.

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44

Wu, Xin Feng, Jian Ying Xu, Jing Xin Hao, Rui Liao, and Zhu Zhong. "Three-Point Bending Shear Stress of Wooden Sandwich Composite ." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 1337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.1337.

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Анотація:

The effect of construction parameters and material type on bending shear stress and shear force was analyzed systematically. It is shown that maximum bending shear stress of sandwich construction is smaller than homogeneous single layer beam with same cross section if the skin has higher modulus than the core. Besides the effect of core or skin layer to shear force is almost identical for sandwich composite composed by different materials with same construction parameter. In addition, the shear force can be taken almost by the core of sandwich beam only if the ratio of core thickness to the whole is more than. Otherwise the resistance to shear force of skin layer should be considered to calculate the shear deformation. The results can provide basic theory for design optimization of sandwich construction.

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45

Navarro, P., S. Abrate, J. Aubry, S. Marguet, and J. F. Ferrero. "Analytical modeling of indentation of composite sandwich beam." Composite Structures 100 (June 2013): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.12.017.

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46

El Hassan, Amged, Waleed Ahmed, and Essam Zaneldin. "Investigating the Impact of Inclusions on the Behavior of 3D-Printed Composite Sandwich Beams." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091448.

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In this study, a finite element model was developed, and a detailed analysis was carried out to investigate the impact of inclusions on the mechanical characteristics of a 3D-printed composite sandwich beam that could initiate when printing the layers, especially during the transition period between the dissimilar material that would affect the interfacial strength between the layers that would cause the failure of the 3D-printed beams. Several parameters that could influence the failure mechanism have been investigated. These parameters include the location, size, material properties, and interfacial location of the inclusion along the beam. Linear elastic behavior has been adopted in this finite element analysis using the ‘Ansys’ simulation tool to model and analyze the defective beams compared to the intact ones. The effects of defects related to maximum shear stress (MSS) and maximum principal stress (MAPS) were investigated. The results revealed that the midpoint of the composite is highly stressed (31.373 MPa), and the concentration of stress decreases outward as we move toward the edges of the composite to reach zero at the edges. For the intact case, the deformation was maximum at the center of the composite (4.9298 mm) and zero at both ends of the beam. The MSS was highest at the center (23.284 MPa) and decreased gradually as we approached the ends on both sides to reach 0.19388 MPa at the edges, making the shear stress distribution symmetrical. The MAPS is constant throughout the beam apart from the lower face of the beam and is maximum at the face material. The MSS is high at the endpoints where we have the support reactions, which may weaken the entire material’s mechanical properties. It was also observed that along the load L3 (applied at 2 mm from the top face of the beam), the MSS values decrease as we move away from the center, which may cause failure at the end of the beam. It was also noticed that the presence of inclusions along load L2 (applied at 2 mm from the bottom face of the beam) initially causes a sharp decrease in MAPS while moving away from the center, at 25 mm, while the MAPS increases as it approaches the end of the beam. This increase in the MAPS near the beam support might be due to the reaction of the fixed support, which tends to oppose the applied flexural load and hence increases the principal stress capability of the beam.

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47

Rizov, Victor. "Analysis of mixed-mode II/III fracture in sandwich beams." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 11, no. 1 (June 8, 2015): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-06-2014-0034.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study theoretically the ability of the prestressed foam core composite sandwich Split Cantilever Beam (SCB) for generating mixed-mode II/III crack loading conditions (the mode II fracture was provided by prestressing the beam using imposed transverse displacements). Design/methodology/approach – The concepts of linear-elastic fracture mechanics were used. The fracture behavior was studied in terms of the strain energy release rate. For this purpose, a three-dimensional finite element model of the prestressed sandwich SCB was developed. The virtual crack closure technique was applied in order to analyze the strain energy release rate mode components distribution along the crack front. Findings – It was found that the distribution is non-symmetric. The analysis revealed that a wide mixed-mode II/III ratios range can be generated by varying the magnitude of the imposed transverse displacement. The influence of the sandwich core material on the mixed-mode II/III fracture behavior was investigated. For this purpose, three sandwich beam configurations with different rigid cellular foam core were simulated. It was found that the strain energy release rate decreases when the foam core density increases. Originality/value – For the first time, a mixed-mode II/III fracture study of foam core composite sandwich beam is performed.

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48

Safaei, Babak, Emmanuel Chukwueloka Onyibo, and Dogus Hurdoganoglu. "THERMAL BUCKLING AND BENDING ANALYSES OF CARBON FOAM BEAMS SANDWICHED BY COMPOSITE FACES UNDER AXIAL COMPRESSION." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume220404027s.

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The bending and critical buckling loads of a sandwich beam structure subjected to thermal load and axial compression were simulated and temperature distribution across sandwich layers was investigated by finite element analysis and validated analytically. The sandwich structure was consisted of two face sheets and a core, carbon fiber and carbon foam were used as face sheet and core respectively for more efficient stiffness results. The analysis was repeated with different materials to reduce thermal strain and heat flux of sandwich beams. Applying both ends fixed as temperature boundary conditions, temperature induced stresses were observed, steady-state thermal analysis was performed, and conduction through sandwich layers along with their deformation nature were investigated based on the material properties of the combination of face sheets and core. The best material combination was found for the reduction of heat flux and thermal strain, and addition of aerogel material significantly reduced thermal stresses without adding weight to the sandwich structure.

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49

Ascione, Alessia, and Marco Gherlone. "Nonlinear static response analysis of sandwich beams using the Refined Zigzag Theory." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 7 (August 23, 2018): 2250–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218795381.

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The Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT) is assessed for the buckling and nonlinear static response analysis of multilayered composite and sandwich beams. A nonlinear formulation of the RZT is developed taking into account geometric imperfections and nonlinearities using the Von Kármán nonlinear strain-displacement relations. FE analyses are conducted employing C0-beam elements based on the RZT and the Timoshenko Beam Theory (TBT) to model three sandwich beams with different core materials and slenderness ratios, in both simply supported and cantilever configurations. The reference solutions are obtained by high-fidelity FE commercial codes, Abaqus® and Nastran®. The first two buckling loads are evaluated for the beams without initial imperfections. Several shapes are then assumed as geometric imperfections to calculate the beams’ nonlinear response to axial-compressive loads. The comparisons show the very high accuracy of the RZT (comparable to high fidelity FE commercial codes) for both the buckling and nonlinear static analyses and its superior capability with respect to the TBT to deal with sandwich beams with low slenderness ratio and higher face-to-core stiffness ratio.

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50

Her, Shiuh-Chuan, and Han-Yung Chen. "Stress analysis of sandwich composite beam induced by piezoelectric layer." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 16, no. 1_suppl (January 2018): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800017750349.

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Introduction: Smart structures equipped with piezoelectric devices to sense and actuate the structure could be used in many engineering applications. To explore the smart structure further and apply it to more complex structures, some problems are critical to be concerned. Among them, delamination due to the high stress is an important issue since its serious effect on the strength and stiffness of the composite structure. Method: In this investigation, a piezoelectric layer is embedded into the host structure to form a sandwich composite structure. The piezoelectric layer is subjected to an electric voltage, yielding the bending effect on the sandwich composite structure. A theoretical model based on the Euler beam theory and interfacial continuity is presented to determine the stresses of the sandwich composite beam caused by the piezoelectric layer. Results: The influences of the embedded depth and Young’s modulus of the piezoelectric layer on the stress distribution of the sandwich composite beam are investigated through a parametric study. The analytical solutions are verified by the finite element method. Good agreement is achieved between the present approach and the finite element method. Conclusions: Numerical analysis indicates that the maximum tensile stresses in the top and bottom layers are decreasing with the increase of the embedded depth, while the maximum compressive stress in the lead zirconate titanate layer is increasing with the increase of the embedded depth. Both the top and bottom layers are subjected to tensile stress and increasing with the increase of the Young’s modulus ratio, while the piezoelectric layer is subjected to compressive stress and increasing with the increase of the Young’s modulus ratio.

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