Дисертації: "Samoa"

1

Noa, Siaosi Ashalyna Sialataua. "Catching the Dragon's Tail: The Impact of the Chinese in Samoa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4257.

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Contemporary Samoan society is a reflection of a number of different cultures and influences. As a result of several attempts at colonisation by the British, German and New Zealand Administrations the cultural landscape of Samoa has been influenced by many different groups and peoples. As a result of integration and assimilation into the Samoan way of life the Chinese have been accepted into Samoan society and have contributed to the development of Samoan culture and identity. This thesis explores the history of the Chinese in Samoa as a method of uncovering the true extent of the influence played by the Chinese, both as a people and as a nation, in the make-up of Samoan society. It uncovers the roles and impacts of the Chinese in the island nation from the first Chinese arrivals in the late 19th century, through various political administrations and into the present day. The thesis will illustrate the importance of the Chinese in Samoa and how they have contributed to, and helped to shape, the Samoan people, politics, culture, identity and economy. This thesis explains the importance of the Chinese in Samoa by examining important events in Samoan history in the past 150 years. Such events include the forbidding of Chinese settlement in Samoa through the Malietoa Laupepa Law of 1880, the establishment of the Chinese indentured scheme, and the ‘new wave’ of Chinese aid being poured into the Pacific, including Samoa, in recent times.

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2

Pringle, Gary. "Heritage assessment, Apia, Western Samoa." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18189.

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Apia, Western Samoa, has experienced a history since European contact which has been more significant and complex than the capital of a small, remote, island nation might expect. Moreover, the physical environment and indigenous politics have interacted with international political, economic and religious rivalry to produce a distinctive environmental heritage. Prior to partitioning in 1900, Samoa comprised three major islands: Savaii, Upolu and Tutuila with a total area of about 2,900 square kilometres. Apia is located on the north coast of Upolu, 14 degrees south of the equator and about 4,300 kilometres north-east of Sydney. It has a population of about 35,000 which is expected to increase to 50,000 by the year 2000(1). Apia has a harbour frontage of 'hbout 2 kilometres and is centrally located relative to its agriculturally productive hinterland. The island is of volcanic origin, has a tropical climate and dense vegetation cover. Tentative contact was made by European explorers in the late eighteenth century but the first enduring contact was made by beachcombers and whalers early in the nineteenth century, then, more importantly, by missionaries in 1830. The appearance of a beach community at Apia in the 1830's and 40's led to the establishment of consular agencies to support the growing economic interests. The mutual reinforcement of missionaries, consuls and commercial agents provided secure foundations for commercial plantation agriculture and international trade which prospered from the 1850's to the 1880's. Consular rule, supported by naval authority became further entrenched during the 1880's and 90's until German colonial ambitions prevailed in 1900. British annexation in 1914 led to a long period of political control as a New Zealand mandated territory and as a United Nations Trust Territory under New Zealand administration until independence was achieved in 1962. Despite significant progress since independence, Western Samoa retains its "least developed country" status requiring trade subsidisation and a high dependence on external aid. In recent years more than 80% of annual development expenditure has been contributed by external aid. The country's interesting and complicated history has yielded an architectural heritage of particular value and one which is of great significance to the South Pacific region having been subjected to the most tenacious international rivalry in the Pacific and the only German colony to have existed in Polynesia. Paradoxically, although Apia's tropical climate has contributed to the distinctiveness of its architectural heritage, it imposes severe difficulties for its conservation. The susceptibility of the town's predominantly timber and iron buildings to damage by moulds, insects, corrosion, hurricane and fire, meagre funding and misdirection of maintenance projects and potential for redevelopment, all pose serious threats to conservation. It is the objective of this thesis to document the architectural history of Apia, to identify the significant items of its surviving environmental heritage and to suggest some preliminary directions and strategies for conservation policy. Methodologically, the assessment of cultural significance will be related to historical themes identified in the documentation of European settlement such as global political interaction, the development of international trade and commerce and the influence of Christian missionaries. Some difficulties of applying European notions of cultural significance to a native culture which has an indifferent attitude to building conservation and contempt for its colonial past will be evident.

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3

Cibik, Türker. "Petrology of pre-shield, shield and post-erosional lavas of Western Samoa, SW Pacific." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220757.

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4

Blondet, Marieke. "Samoa américaines et parc national : les impacts sociaux de la protection de la nature aux îles Samoa." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0362.

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Les Samoa américaines sont un territoire du Pacifique associé aux Etats-Unis. L'histoire coloniale a conduit à de nombreuses transformations sociales. Pourtant quatre-vingt-dix pour cent des terres restent encore aux mains des familles étendues samoanes. En 1994, le gouvernement américain y établit un parc national. La majorité des espaces protégés étant la propriété des locaux, ils reçoivent un loyer de la part du parc mais continuent de vivre sur leurs terres familiales. Ma thèse porte sur l'étude de l'interaction entre cette aire protégée et les populations locales, et les possibles impacts du parc sur l'organisation, notamment les loyers versés. Traditionnellement dans une famille étendue tout bien est réparti entre les membres du groupe par le senior matai, le chef de famille. Dans le cas du parc il est chargé de gérer les loyers et leur redistribution. Il peut cependant décider de garder une grande part de cet argent, si ce n'est la totalité, ce qui créé des conflits à l'intérieur des familles. De plus, le parc national, en fixant le montant des loyers, a attribué une valeur marchande aux terres samoanes qui jusque-là avaient davantage une valeur symbolique. La réserve naturelle participe ainsi à la transformation de la perception que les samoans américains ont de leurs terres, et au-delà affecterait deux des piliers de l'organisation sociale intrinsèquement lié l'un à l'autre; premièrement les familles étendues et leur matai, représentant l'unité sociale de base, et deuxièmement la transformation des terres communautaires en propriété individuelle; ces processus pouvant à terme fragiliser l'ensemble de la culture samoane
American Samoa is a small American associated territory in the pacific. The colonial history and the american influence have caused many social transformations. However, ninety percent of the land is still communally owned by samoan extended families or aiga. In 1994, the national park of American Samoa was established by the US government. Most of the protected land is owned by local Samoan aiga, which not only receive rent from the National Park Service but also continue to live on their communal land inside the park. My thesis is the study of the interactions between the Park and the local populations, and the possible impacts the former may have on the local social organisation, notably the rent paid to local aiga. Traditionally, any asset in an aiga is shared between relatives, by their senior matai, the head of the family. This person is also in charge of managing the rent from the Park and redistributing it. The matai may, howerver, keep for himself a part of this income if not all. This creates conflict within the aiga. Moreover, the National Park having fixed a monetary value to land, which had a symbolic value before, participates in the shift of the meaning of land for American Samoans and in changing their perception of it. In my analysis, I will demonstrate that the National Park of American Samoa, without such an intention, is affecting two of the pillars of the Americans Samoan social organisation; first the extended families and their matai, which are the basic social unit, and secondly the communal mand which is intrinsically associated with the aiga and its internal oraganisation. This process may weaken the samoan culture or fa'asamoa

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5

VanderLaan, Doug P. "The development and evolution of male androphilia in Samoan fa'afafine." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3159.

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Male androphilia (i.e., male sexual attraction to males) is an evolutionary paradox. It is unclear how genes for male androphilia persist given that androphilic males have lowered reproduction? Evidence suggests that ancestral androphilic males were transgendered. Hence, I address this paradox by focusing on a group of Samoan transgendered androphilic males (i.e., fa’afafine). Specifically, I show that male androphilia has consistent developmental correlates across Samoan and Western populations, indicating that fa’afafine provide a suitable model for the evolution of male androphilia across populations. In addition, I test hypotheses concerning the evolution of male androphilia. Fa’afafine’s mothers and grandmothers exhibit elevated reproduction. Also, compared to Samoan men and women, fa’afafine exhibit unique kin-investment cognition that would enhance indirect fitness. Elevated reproduction by female kin, and enhanced kin investments may, therefore, contribute to the evolution of male androphilia. Lastly, I outline a developmental model for this unique kin-investment cognition in androphilic males.
xvii, 201 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm

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6

Siauane, Lona Laneselota. "Fa'aSamoa: a look at the evolution of the fa'aSamoa in Christchurch." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/899.

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What is the fa'aSamoa? Is it fair to just say the "Samoan Way"? This study aims to define and determine the significance of such an all-encompassing concept. The objectives of this investigation is to illustrate the evolution of the fa'aSamoa, from its "classical" model to a "variant" model practiced among the Samoan Christchurch community; yet, still be classified as the fa'aSamoa. This investigation aims to look at the institutions of the fa'aSamoa to highlight how change within the Samoan community is not only from "external" forces but also change has occurred from within the Samoan community. One of the objectives of this thesis is to highlight the different groups within the Samoan community, who have different needs from that of other members in the community. The transportation of the fa'aSamoa successfully to these shores has brought about an element of "togetherness" among the Samoan communities. Furthermore, the fa'aSamoa has evolved from the "Samoan Way" to a concept of traditions.

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7

Hoerschelmann-Schneider, Dorothee von. "Das Paradies wird missioniert : die alte Religion und das Christentum Samoas /." Aachen : Shaker Verlag, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371876920.

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8

Mayer, Andreas [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Fuchs. "Opacity of other minds, empathy, and 'mindreading' in Samoa : a Samoan case study / Andreas Mayer ; Betreuer: Thomas Fuchs." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177382695/34.

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9

Mayer, Andreas Frank [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Fuchs. "Opacity of other minds, empathy, and 'mindreading' in Samoa : a Samoan case study / Andreas Mayer ; Betreuer: Thomas Fuchs." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-156060.

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10

Hamblin, William John School of Sociology UNSW. "Evaluating the effectiveness of Australian aid to Samoa." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22896.

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On a global basis over A$450 billion is invested each year in foreign direct investment and aid with a view to supporting development. Developing countries themselves allocate significant sums out of their own budgets in order to stimulate development. Development is concomitantly a major goal and enterprise of the global economy. Developed countries through aid (Official Development Assistance) spend large sums purportedly to improve the development status of developing countries. Recently voices from within the developed world???s establishment have derided the performance of aid and by default the performance of state organisations charged with managing aid delivery. Australia has not been immune from this criticism. Its aid program while modest by global standards still consumes A$1.5 billion in taxpayers money each year. Australian aid is delivered primarily by the Australian International Aid Agency (AusAID) with smaller contributions through the Department of Foreign Affairs, Department of Defence and Australian Federal Police. AusAID has recently faced severe criticism over failure of the aid investment in the South Pacific to engender development. Most South Pacific countries (excluding Fiji and Samoa) have failed to show desired development. A number have faced bankruptcy (Naru, Solomon Islands), while others have increasing lawlessness (Papua New Guinea). It is important in the above milieu to examine the delivery mechanisms of Australian aid through its chosen vehicle (AusAID) and determine whether aid has really been effective or not. This thesis reviews the development effectiveness of Australian aid in one Pacific island nation ??? Samoa. In this context, the effectiveness of Australian development assistance is reviewed in terms of the results of four case studies of project aid to Samoa. The four case studies cover a range of project activity in differing sectors and offer specific insights into aid policy and delivery and the effects other variables such as culture, history and development status have on development outcomes. The thesis tests the hypothesis that Australian aid to Samoa has resulted in only limited development success and then in ways that are not generally sustainable. In confirming the hypothesis, this thesis identifies that while variables such as the procedural and policy underpinnings of the Australian aid program, aid design/delivery and management, and the history, culture and development status of Samoa impact on the development outcomes, they do not prohibit development. This thesis concludes that development outcomes will be maximised when there are good macro policies present, sound sector policies and real commitments of the government and people to development. Moreover, this thesis finds that while development theories inform the debate over aid none successfully encapsulates the actual development process.

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11

Byrnes, Frances Mary. "Intercultural communication in a development project in Samoa." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/82638.

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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Linguistics & Psychology, Department of Linguistics, 2005.
Bibliography: p. 329-355.
Preamble -- Research objectives and methodology -- Theoretical and epistemological frameworks -- Culture, identity and power -- Meetings -- "The clearing of the sky" -- Project reform.
The data for this research thesis derives from a development project in Samoa. Through the study of key project events and their associated discourses the study identifies and interprets cultural and professional resources that the project team draws on as they negotiate their way through the project; in particular the 'resources' (including communication resources) that participants bring to project interactions. The thesis explores how participants used these resources and what consequences resulted (for them and for others) from such use. -- This study takes a critical and ideological stance, underpinned by a belief in the value and possibility of social action. While not primarily a call to action, the thesis presents its interpretations in the context of larger ethical and political challenges, with a view to informing change, specifically what deliberate action might be taken to improve processes and practices in future projects. The project is explored as a 'soft' system of social interactions and processes; and as a 'Third Space' (Bhabha 1990, 1994) where traditional boundaries of sociocultural organisation, or of professions, are destabilised and where newlyconstructed practices, orders of discourse, identities and representations are required. -- The study is evaluation and policy oriented. It explicitly addresses the implications of knowledge gained from the research for future project design and implementation. In making recommendations for project change, the study argues for the inclusion of local research as a legitimate project task, to inform evaluative processes and create a framework for ongoing modification to project design and implementation. The recommendations for change made in this study are concerned with determining principles and codes of practice for: - identifying and developing intercultural competence in project situations ; - project training (for intercultural project work, including ongoing participant research) ; - improving project systems ; - using relevant approaches/techniques in organisational change management.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
397 p

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12

Fotu, Irene Dora Annandale. "Family Leisure Involvement and Family Functioning in Samoa." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2224.pdf.

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13

Faasoa-Chan, Ting Vanda. "Does Samoa have a future in renewable energy?" Thesis, Faasoa-Chan Ting, Vanda (2010) Does Samoa have a future in renewable energy? Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/4633/.

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Energy is critical to the economic growth and social development of any country. Samoa, as a least developing country, therefore needs to ensure that its energy demands are supplied for. However, such a demand has risen exponentially in the last few years forcing Samoa to rely heavily on costly imported fossil fuels such as diesel and petroleum. The motivation to undertake this research on Samoa is due to the fact that the price of fossil fuel products especially petrol and diesel among others, fluctuates as they are dictated by the market prices overseas. Moreover, these products are imported from halfway around the world which increases the prices of all fossil fuel products by the time they land on Samoan soil. This in turn increases the cost of all other necessities such as electricity, water and food. So there is an urgent need to develop and apply technologies which will enable Samoa to use its abundant renewable energy sources in the most efficient ways, while at the same time reducing its heavy dependence on overpriced imported fossil fuels. This Dissertation concentrates on the currently abundant renewable resources in Samoa as well as touching on potential sources. The abundant renewable and widely used resources in Samoa at present include biomass, hydropower and solar energy. Promising potential sources are wind, geothermal and wave energy. This dissertation presents current renewable energy projects being undertaken by the Samoan government such as solar electricity on Apolima Island, wind resource assessment and feasibility studies, hydropower for electricity-production, biomass use in its solid and liquid forms in Samoa. The results and rates of development as well as relevant usage of these projects of these projects in the Samoan context, will differ from one renewable source to another. Also included in this report are ongoing researches and trials being carried out such as the use of biodiesel from coconut to substitute fossil fuel in electricity production and transport. With regards to utilizing other renewable energy sources available in Samoa such as geothermal and wave energy, this dissertation will also determine if they are worthwhile projects or not. The results collated by this research determine the most viable, cost-effective and efficient renewable energy technology that Samoa should undertake to ensure that its energy needs are always satisfied.

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14

Crews, Christopher Thomas. "The lithics of Aganoa Village (AS-22-43), American Samoa: a test of chemical characterization and sourcing Tutuilan tool-stone." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85897.

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The purpose of this thesis is to present the morphological and chemical analyses of the lithic assemblage recovered from Aganoa Village (AS-22-43), Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Implications were found that include the fact that Aganoa Village did not act as a lithic workshop, new types of tools that can be included in the Samoan tool kit, a possible change in subsistence strategies through time at the site, and the fact that five distinct, separate quarries were utilized at different stages through the full temporal span of residential activities at the village. The assemblage was analyzed macroscopically using typologies for tools that are set and accepted by archaeologists of the area (Green and Davidson [1969] for adzes, Clark and Herdrich [1993] for flake tools). It was found that a possible new flake tool type is represented at Aganoa Village that combines the attributes of Class Ia and Class V. Analysis of the debitage refutes earlier conclusions that the site represents a lithic workshop. The presence of rejuvenation flakes with polish, a large amount of tertiary debitage as opposed to primary debitage, and the recycling/conservation of finished adzes indicates that this site was indeed not a lithic workshop area. In the earliest cultural period (c 2500-2000 years ago) there is a distinct lack of flake tool scrapers while the other two cultural periods presented 40 examples of such tools. These scrapers are used primarily for processing agricultural products. The fact that these tools are missing from the earliest settlement period suggests that these early inhabitants might have relied more on gathering marine resources from the nearby reef system rather then agricultural subsistence strategies. Finally, INAA results show that the lithic artifacts collected come from five different sources. Two of these sources were identified as the Lau'agae Quarry on the eastern side of Tutuila Island and the Tataga-Matau Quarry Complex located on the western portion of the island. Three other basalt types were distinguished but not sourced or located.

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15

Ford, Clellan Stearns. "An analysis of material culture (with special reference to Samoa) : a study in method /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertations services, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39268883v.

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16

Faaulufalega, Tailetai Pale. "How does Culture Impact on Educational Leadership in Samoa?" The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2260.

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The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between culture and the educational leadership of six secondary school principals in Samoa. Educational leadership is a bounded process and is subject to the cultural traditions and values of the society in which it is exercised. To date, no research has been undertaken on this topic in Samoa. This qualitative study used a semi-structured interview process to gather data from the secondary school principals who had been principals for more than three years in government schools. It also sought to explore how professional development of the principals might be undertaken. The principals in this study were interviewed both face-to-face and by telephone. The findings revealed that culture significantly impacted on their leadership. The matai culture was particularly influential. For example, respect, Christianity, role modelling and the importance of using the Samoan language to communicate within the school context were all influential. The findings also revealed the effective leadership styles applicable to Samoan school context in relation to indigenous cultural leadership. For example, inclusive/consensus/collaborative leadership style that is practiced in Samoan culture is effectively used by principals to lead schools. The organisational culture of the Ministry of Education Sports and Culture in Samoa (MESC) also considerably impacts on educational leadership. For example, the policies from the MESC sometimes contradict with the practice of the principals, such as the principal's practice of corporal punishment is a crime in the MESC and United Nation policies. This research also revealed the gap between the western models of leadership and the Samoan indigenous cultural context and leadership practice by the principals. Therefore, all the principals involved in this study positively engaged with their Samoan cultural values and beliefs to lead schools effectively. However some Samoan indigenous cultural values and beliefs impact negatively on the education system. They need to be considered so as not to inhibit the development of educational leadership of Samoan principals. Today's education has grown rapidly in terms of technology therefore educational leaders must adapt and change their leadership. Principals must be professionally trained so that they would lead effectively. According to Smith (1992, p. 9) To change education is to change society

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17

Abild, Miranda L. "Kin selection and male androphilia : sociocultural influences on the expression of kin-directed altruism." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3213.

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The Kin Selection Hypothesis proposes that the genes associated with male androphilia (i.e., sexual attraction/arousal to adult males) may be maintained over evolutionary time if the fitness costs of not reproducing directly are offset by increasing one’s indirect fitness. Theoretically, this could be accomplished by allocating altruism toward kin which would increase the recipient’s ability to survive and reproduce. Evidence for this hypothesis has been garnered through research conducted in Samoa however, no support has been garnered from research conducted in more industrialized cultures (i.e., USA, UK, Japan). In this thesis, I use a Canadian population to examine: (1) the role geographic proximity plays in the expression of androphilic male avuncularity and (2) whether androphilic males direct altruism toward the children of friends who might represent proxies for nieces and nephews in more industrialized cultures. Other sociocultural factors that potentially influence the expression of androphilic male avuncularity are also discussed.
ix, 81 leaves ; 29 cm

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18

Quintus, Seth James. "Land Use and the Human-Environment Interaction on Olosega Island, Manu'a, American Samoa." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29596.

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The human-environment relationship has often been characterized as one of human adaptation. This particular view has now come into questions as critiques have shown that the relationship is complex and dynamic. In archaeology, one way of examining this relationship is to study the settlement, subsistence, and land use of a given area. This thesis serves that purpose by providing a case study of a small island in the Samoan archipelago in the central Pacific. The survey of Olosega Island identified over 200 different features distributed across the interior. Although no test excavation was conducted, it is interpreted that these features relate to domestic, subsistence, ceremonial, and political activities that likely occurred in the later prehistoric period. The combination of these features, supplemented by environmental data from the interior and further archaeological work along the coast, indicates that the human population was a member of a complex and dynamic system with its environment. Through time, this system likely evolved in a number of ways, not just adaptive, that often caused changes requiring responses by both the human population and the environment of the area.

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19

Clément, Julien. "Le rugby de Samoa : les techniques du corps entre "Fa'Asamoa" et mondialisation du sport." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10046.

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Dans les Coupes du monde de rugby, les "Manu Samoa" - c'est le nom de l'équipe nationale de Samoa - sont capables de rivaliser avec les meilleures équipes alors que l'Etat Indépendant de Samoa est classé parmi les "pays les moins avancés" par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, dont il est membre. Ils associent à ces performances un style spécifique, qui s'exprime dans les plaquages virulents et la vivacité de chacun des joueurs. Avant le match, ils effectuent également une danse saisissante appelée "Siva Tau", littéralement "danse combat". Cette société insulaire du Pacifique fondée sur le "fa'aSāmoa", la manière d'être et de faire à la "samoane", fait donc partie de la mondialisation du rugby à la tête duquel se trouve l' "International Rugby Board", institution mise en place en 1886 par les fédérations britanniques : elle y inscrit les éléments qui lui sont propre pour constituer un rugby unique, un rugby de Samoa. Une enquête ethnographique d'un an permet d'aborder cet objet de recheche en traçant une perspective qui va des institutions jusqu'aux gestes sur le terrain, dont l'analyse est le point d'aboutissement de ce travail. Après avoir situé l'origine historique de ce rugby dans la colonisation et l'indépendance de cet archipel, il s'agit de comprendre la rencontre entre l'univers de Samoa et celui du rugby mondial, devenu professionnel depuis 1995. Celle-ci produit des institutions où se mêlent l'organisation sociale de Samoa, centrée sur les villages et les chefs de famille, et les structures classiques du sport, fédération, club, etc. Un travail des corps s'y déploie, qui correspond à différentes logiques. Aux entraînements formalisés dont les conceptions viennent de Nouvelle-Zélande, l'ancienne puissance coloniale qui domine le rugby de la région, répondent les jeux informels où les jeunes hommes se retrouvent le soir dans un rugby sans plaquage, et les travaux de l' "aumāga", le groupe qui les rassemble dans le village. A la suite de ces analyses, les techniques du corps des joueurs sont mises au jour dans leur détail. Cette notion élaborée par Marcel Mauss en 1934 montre l'articulation entre les dimensions sociale et physiologique de l'homme, et appelle à une collaboration entre les sciences pour en étudier les mécanismes. A partir des connaissances actuelles en sciences cognitives, on peut éclairer les enjeux physiologiques des mouvements des joueurs, et poser les bases d'une réflexion sur cette frontière disciplinaire.

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20

Kerai, Kavita, and Louise Roser. "Measuring function and mobility among clients with diabetes in Samoa." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Ortopedteknisk plattform, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30507.

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The aim of the thesis was to collect baseline data and to investigating suitable physical tests and a self-rapport questionnaire. Collected data was used to find a routine measurement when investigating foot health, function and mobility among clients suffering from diabetes in Samoa. Twenty-one participants suffering from diabetes were included in the study. Clients answered the Foot function index (FFI) questionnaire and performed physical tests, consisting of Bergs balance scale (BBS) and Time up and go (TUG). Results from the physical tests revealed a great balance disturbance and mobility limitations among the majority of the clients. General high weight and BMI was measured among both genders. Subjects with the highest BMI performed lowest time during TUG test. The statistic analyze revealed a strong correlation between the two physical tests, indicating that one of the tests could be applied as a routine measurement in the future, when evaluating function and mobility in Samoa. The compilation of self-report questionnaires indicated a general good foot health with a low amount of pain, disabilities and activity limitations.
Syftet med studien var att samla in grundata och att hitta ett lämpligt fysiskt test och ett självadministrativt formulär. Den insamlade grunddatan användes för att hitta ett rutinmässigt mätinstrument för undersökning av fothälsa, funktion och mobilitet hos klienter som lider av diabetes i landet Samoa. I undersökningen deltog 21 personer som lider av diabetes. Deltagarna fick besvara ett så kallat ”Foot Function Index formulär” (FFI) och utföra de två fysiska testerna ”Bergs Balance Scale” (BBS) och ”Time Up and Go” (TUG). Resultaten från de fysiska testerna påvisade såväl en stor balansrubbning som mobilitetsbegränsningar hos majoriteten av deltagarna. Ett generellt högt BMI-värde och stor vikt uppmättes hos båda könen. Personer med högst BMI-värde presterade kortast tid under TUG-testet. Den statistiska analysen påvisade en stark korrelation mellan de två fysiska testen, vilket indikerar att endast ett av testerna kan användas som mätinstrument i framtida undersökningar av funktion och mobilitet på Samoa. Sammanställningen av de självadministrativa formulären påvisade en generellt god fothälsa med begränsad smärta, oförmåga och aktivitetsbegränsning hos deltagarna i studien.

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21

Alexander-Pouono, Judy-Anne. "Community Literacy Centre in Samoa - why is it so successful?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Literacies and Arts in Education, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6232.

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Concerns and issues facing achievement in literacy are not new, particularly in developing countries. The challenge in Samoa is that many children speak the Samoan language in their everyday communication with families, friends, villages and the wider society. However, in Year Four, they are introduced to English as a subject and this continues until they are ready for secondary school, when, all formal examinations in schools and universities with the exception of Samoan, are conducted in English. The small island nation is preparing to be a greater part of the world stage, as its people get ready to expand their horizons through migration, regional and international exchanges of employment, and further interest in the tourism market to improve its economy and foreign exchange earnings. As a result, the need for improved literacy and competency in English is becoming more apparent. This means that children will need as much assistance in improving their literacy levels as is possible, to support their learning at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels and as they choose careers. One way of doing this can be the establishment of community literacy centres that operate outside of school hours. This research reports on one of these centres. The Centre was selected based on its years of operation, the manner of its organisation, the service that it offered, and the successful results that it appeared to be having with its clientele. The principal purpose of the study was to identify the role of the centre, observe its operation closely and recommend whether or not the model could be copied to another setting under similar circumstances and at the same time achieve comparable results. Qualitative data was gathered from semi-structured interviews with the facilitator, both face-to-face and telephone (to clarify any points), observations of the programme at the centre, individual interviews with the students and finally a focus group interview with parents. The findings show that with a committed and informed facilitator or leader, an organised programme, regular reading hours, capable teachers or assistants, a ‘print saturated environment’(Duffy, 2003, MOE, 2003, MOE 2006, Pressley, 2002,) with a variety of books designed to attract children, and a safe, non-threatening environment, school age children could improve their literacy levels and engagement in reading. The conclusion indicates that centres similar to this one can be set up in other villages in Samoa to assist children with improving their literacy skills in English and hopefully their future outcomes.

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22

Hardie-Boys, Ned. "The rhetoric and reality of conservation aid in Western Samoa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7020.

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The western conservation concept is articulated at the global level. However in practice conservation is regionally or locally pursued. This thesis examines how the global rhetoric of modern conservation relates to the local reality of conservation in Western Samoa. Three specific conservation area aid projects are analysed to assess this relationship. They are analysed predominantly from the local flaxroots level. A national park approach, motivated by ecological criteria, operates in isolation from its surrounding community. Not only does the strict preservation established at the park boundaries exclude local people, but also the ideologies embodied in the park remain foreign and therefore exclusive. The conservation agenda as pursued in the other two conservation strategies is a more integrated approach that includes socio-economic and cultural criteria, as well as ecological criteria. The villages surrounding these areas are therefore motivated by a broader spectrum of values, many of which are more tangible than long-term ecological benefits. This integration of 'people criteria' into conservation projects is consequently more inclusive of local communities. However the integrated conservation-development approach to conservation contains fundamental problems in its design. Many of these relate to the merger of environment and development objectives within the one project. Despite these broader problems the reality at the local level in Western Samoa supports the continuance of foreign conservation assistance. A strong development imperative and a rapidly disappearing forest resource are two of the realities of the local context that demand external support. This external assistance must be balanced by the value of the local culture.

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23

Allen, John Bowen. "Genetic Basis for Elevated Rheumatic Heart Disease Susceptibility in Samoa." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7006.

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Rheumatic heart disease is an inflammatory heart disease that affects millions of people around the world. Especially high rates of the disease can be found in Oceania, including the island nation of Samoa. Genetic studies of immune response genes have provided insight into a possible genetic link to increased susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease, including the genes that code for the toll-like receptor (TLR) protein family. One of the functions of TLR proteins is to recognize the presence of bacteria via identification of bacterial flagella. My evaluation of a Samoan family identified a variant in the TLR-5 gene that would inhibit this ability. However, further study showed this variant to not be statistically significant in relation to rheumatic heart disease susceptibility. My contribution to a regional genome-wide association study of Oceania resulted in the discovery of a variant in the IGHV4-61 gene affecting the ability of antibodies to properly bind to bacterial antigens. This variant was associated with a 1.4-fold increased risk of rheumatic heart disease development. The success of this study warrants further investigation of the IGHV4-61 variant in other populations and illustrates the benefits of utilizing a genome-wide association study to study rheumatic heart disease.

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Bishop, Kevin. "The communication of information in Western Samoa : the case of health." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1768.

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Health and development are inextricably linked. Within the current development paradigm, Primary Health Care (PHC) has emerged as the dominant approach to address the health problems in Lesser Developed Countries (LDCs). An important element in the process of PHC is the dissemination of health information, enabling communities to improve their own health situations. Using Western Samoa as an example of a developing nation, this thesis investigates the diffusion of health information and its change over time. Analysis of communication processes revealed barriers which reduce the effectiveness of health information diffusion. HIV/AIDS and diabetes information used as two contemporary examples for investigation. Communication barriers have resulted in a separation between the senders and receivers of health information. The evolution of the Western medical paradigm is established as the cause of many of these barriers.

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SILVA, Edemberg Rocha da. "SAMOA - Sistema de Apoio à Modelagem Orientada a Objetos de Aplicações." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2003. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1484.

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Capes
Padrões de projeto são considerados uma das mais valiosas tecnologias para produzir software de qualidade. Uma técnica para melhorar o uso de padrões é identificar suas realizações e inferir um conhecimento para melhorá-las. Esta tarefa de encontrar todas as realizações de padrões em um projeto caracteriza-se por ser tediosa para o engenheiro de software. Nessa dissertação apresentamos um sistema assistente para programadores e arquitetos de software, chamado SAMOA (Sistema de Apoio a Modelagem Orientada a Objetos de Aplicações). Este sistema é um assistente interativo para automatizar o trabalho de detecção de realizações de padrões de projetos. Basicamente, o SAMOA é capaz de automaticamente (i) encontrar padrões aplicados em diagramas de classes UML e em fontes JAVA; (ii) produzir possíveis criticas sobre esses padrões. Depois que esses são detectados, um conjunto de críticas de projetos são verificadas para testar se a realização dos padrões pode ser melhorada. E (iii) instanciar padrões visando à geração de código do mesmo, na linguagem de programação Java. Foi implementado um protótipo do sistema que realiza as atividades (i) e (iii). Abordamos, também, quais diferenciais nosso sistema tem em relação aos demais existentes
Design patterns are considered one of the most valuable technologies to produce quality software. A technique to improve the use of patterns is to identify their realizations and to induce a knowlege to enhance their use. This work to find all pattern realizations in a software design can be tedious for the software engineer. In this dissertation we show an assistant system for programmers and software architets, called SAMOA (Sistema de Apoio a Modelagem Orientada a Objetos de Aplicações). This system is an interactive assistant to automate the work of detection of the realizations of design patterns. On principle, SAMOA is able to automatically (i) find patterns applied in UML diagrams and in JAVA;sources (ii) make critiques about these patterns. If a pattern has been detected, a set of design critiques are verified to test if the realization of the pattern can be improved. And (iii) instanciate patterns to aim an automatic code generation in the JAVA programming language. We have implemented a prototype of the system that realizes activities (i) and (iii). We also discuss , wich properties differentiate our system from existing others.

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26

Ropeti, Siamaua. "Student Perspectives Regarding School Failure at the American Samoa Community College." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/190.

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Student Perspectives Regarding School Failure at the American Samoa Community College by Siamaua Ropeti MEd, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2006 BEd, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2000 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University December 2014 Students taking remedial English courses at the American Samoa Community College are facing problems relating to school failure. The purpose of this study was to explore the stories and experiences of students who were not passing in remedial English courses. This study was guided by (a) Weiner's attribution theory, which posits that students achieve when they can identify the causes of their success or failure; (b) Bandura's social cognitive, which explains student efficacy; (c) Covington's self-worth theory, contending there is a connection between emotions and the perceptions of motivation; and (d) critical race theory, which gives voices to racial oppression. The research question addressed the stories of students taking remedial English courses at American Samoa Community College (ASCC). A qualitative paradigm of a narrative analysis formed the basis for the semi structured interviews. Results revealed confusion of many students about services offered by the institution; results also revealed the increased influence of peer pressure and the need for improvement in instructional strategies. Based on these findings, it was recommended that a systematic organizational approach to all ASCC services and facilities be implemented. Positive social changes implicated by this study are a change in students' academic experiences through a proper orientation into ASCC, thus avoiding confusion and allowing student feedback to inform decisions. Accommodating students' needs based on students' feedback will decrease school failure and increase quality learning and achievement.

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27

Suluvale, Eletise Taauta. "The role of contaminants in altering the coastal environment of Samoa /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs954.pdf.

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28

Winterstein, Xavier Joseph. "Painting Samoan hybridity – le Va." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18771.

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I have always struggled to come to terms of my position between worlds. Growing up involved constant friction between my Samoan heritage and Western upbringing; resulting in a bitterness towards an unknown Samoan culture. These feelings were to be confronted directly as I was asked by my parents to undertake the role of Matai – a Samoan chief. This research paper looks at cultural hybridity and how visual dialogue aids in resolving an internal feud of clashing cultures. The Samoan term ‘Va’ is associated with one’s position and connection, and the paintings produced alongside this investigation become steps towards a resolution by forming an understanding of my position as a hybrid. In the case of this research paper, traditional style oil painting on canvas becomes my mode of choice to portray this communication. The series of paintings created through this research project embodies my connection with Samoan spirituality. The connection is conceived as stories of a sacred world being familiarized through re-enactment and re-evaluation against the present world – my reality. As this journey unfolds, the question is raised: how can the process of painting account for and help mediate the various positions of my subjectivity and the pressure of initiation into the Matai system? Critical analysis of works produced by artists Odd Nerdrum, Kehinde Wiley and Greg Semu aid in finding an answer by investigating hybridity from a contemporary perspective. The resulting research evidences a visual mode of hybrid language that has the power to speak the unspoken; the given, the Va.

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29

Perelini, Otele Sili. "A comparison of Jesus' healing with healing in traditional and Christian Samoa." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27184.

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The thesis compares the healing miracles of Jesus with the healing practices of traditional and Christian Samoa. Jesus' healings can be appreciated more within a healing environment like that of the gospels. The Samoan healing perspectives present an interesting and challenging framework in which one may recapture the significance the healing miracles served for the evangelists and also for those whom Jesus healed. Jesus' healing emphasized the holistic cure of the sick person rather than simply the physical remedy of the body. The comparison of Samoan and Jesus' healing motifs helps re-enforce the holistic healing, which includes not only physical cure but other significant healing dimensions as well. Chapter one deals with Samoa, highlighting the traditional and Christian world-views within which healing may be understood. Peoples' concept of health and sickness is associated with their view of the world. The social and religious realities influence people's concepts of causality and remedy of illness. Within the framework of these world-views, Samoan healing is understood. Chapter two is a comparison of the world-view of first century Judaism with the Samoan, in relation to evil spirits and demons and the Samoan spirits and deities. Even though both spirit-worlds were influential in the causality of illness and possessions, the nature of the spirits are not always the same. The Jewish view of spirits is dualistic whereas the traditional Samoan spirit-world tends to be complementary. Despite these differences, there is a common ground by which one may understand both systems. Chapter three compares exorcisms in the gospels with aitu (spirit) possessions in Samoa. Both reveal similarities not only in the nature of the phenomenon, but also its significance.

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30

Pereira, Janet Aileen, and n/a. "Aspects of primary education in Samoa : exploring student, parent and teacher perspectives." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061025.141215.

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This thesis is a qualitative study into aspects of primary education in Samoa. Using student, parent and teacher interview material, I investigate local perspectives on why education is important, what children should learn, how children learn, and what constitutes 'good' teaching. I also look at local perspectives on the place of exams and physical discipline. Fieldwork included classroom observations in rural and urban settings. The thesis documents how children approach learning at school, how teachers go about their work, and how teachers and students interact. This is primarily an ethnographic study and, as such, focuses on local theories and meanings. However, several broader theoretical areas emerge as important. In the thesis I look at: a) the interdependence between different aspects of school (i.e. curriculum, teaching methods, assessment practices, material constraints, etc.); b) the relationship between primary education and the wider society; and c) the increasing impact of globalisation on education. The thesis challenges the belief that patterns of interaction at school undermine primary socialisation. It also challenges the idea that primary education is an alien Western institution. Formal education has been eagerly embraced, co-opted, and reshaped to ensure consistency with local perspectives and practices. Increasingly, global flows impact on education in Samoa. This has created tensions between educational policy and teaching practice. Education policies are profoundly influenced by Western ideologies and practices. These reflect fundamentally different ways of thinking about children, their relationships with adults, teaching, and learning. By contrast, teaching practices in Samoa are consistent with local beliefs, values and understandings, and the material realities of a small, fiscally constrained Pacific nation. Policy initiatives are often met with inertia and resistance. The thesis raises issues as to the role of education in maintaining the status quo versus education as an agent of change. It also points to the increasingly difficulty task of defining what is a relevant education and how this is best achieved.

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31

Miller, Paige Lynn. "Barriers Preventing Access to Health Care Services for Women in Rural Samoa." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1136389101.

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32

Droessler, Holger. "Islands of Labor: Community, Conflict, and Resistance in Colonial Samoa, 1889-1919." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467185.

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My dissertation follows the lives and struggles of the workers of Samoa from the last decade of the nineteenth century until the end of the Great War. Drawing on a wide range of sources—from travel reports and court depositions to photographs and maps—my dissertation reconstructs the experiences of Samoans as well as migrants from Melanesia, Micronesia, and China. This diverse group of peoples living in Samoa harnessed their own energy and that of their natural environment to create a colonial world often beyond their own control. At the same time, they succeeded in re-creating their own lifeworlds in ways that often defied the limits of this colonial world. I argue that community, conflict, and resistance among workers in colonial Samoa can best be understood by delving deeply into the particular dynamics of particular workscapes. Five workscapes—the subsistence economy, the plantation, the ethnographic show, the building of infrastructure, and the colonial service—became crucibles of lived sociality and, over time, political solidarity for the people living and laboring in colonial Samoa. As much as German, American, and New Zealand colonial officials tried to keep workers apart from one another, they succeeded in overcoming racial and colonial boundaries and formed new kinds of community.
American Studies

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33

Toma, Johnny Victor. "An exploratory study on how to improve the economy of American Samoa." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13305.

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Deep in the South Pacific region about 2,300 miles southwest of the Hawaiian islands1 lies a United States territory that many Americans have never heard of nor known anything about. However, some famous Americans such as Troy Polamalu of the Pittsburgh Steelers, semi retired professional wrestler Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson, and Hawaii Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard have genealogical roots there. More importantly, many of the Territory’s sons and daughters have served and lost their lives for the United States flag and the cause of freedom around the world. This place is called American Samoa, a collection of seven islands that if glued together would have a total landmass of approximately 76 square miles, just a tad bigger than the capital city of the United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, there were 55,519 residents of American Samoa in 2010.1 The majority of them are ethnic Samoans, a Polynesian sect that traces its history back to early migrants from Southeast Asia who settled the islands around 1500 B.C.2 3 The climate is warm all year long and the forests along the mountains are ripe with vegetation. The main island is Tutuila with its beautiful and coveted landlocked harbor that was used as a coaling station by the United States naval ships during World War II. In fact, it was the Pago Pago Harbor that diminished the impact of the 2009 Tsunami that devastated the Samoan islands by channeling the waters of the Pacific Ocean towards the end of the harbor instead of flooding many other villages surrounding the Pago Pago Bay area. Lives and property were destroyed near the end of the Harbor but it could have been worse for the entire Bay area. Locally grown foods include coconut, taro, banana, guava, sugar cane, papaya, yam, pineapple, and breadfruit. It is completely surrounded by the Pacific Ocean from which the locals obtain a variety of seafood. There is a popular saying in Samoa that goes, 'In Samoa, it is impossible to starve 1 American Samoa Department of Commerce, 2012 Statistical Yearbook, http://www.doc.as/wpcontent/uploads/2011/06/2012-Statistical-Yearbook-1.pdf 2 U.S. Census Bureau News, U.S. Census Bureau Releases 2010 Census Population Counts for American Samoa, http://www.census.gov/2010census/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn177.html (Aug. 24, 2011). 3 3 J. Robert Shaffer, American Samoa: 100 Years Under the United States Flag (Honolulu, Hawaii: Island Heritage Publishing, 2000), 34. 4 because people live off of the land’s and the ocean’s abundant resources.' To the west of American Samoa lies a larger group of four islands that make up the Sovereign State of Samoa, which became independent from New Zealand in 1962. Samoa and American Samoa share the same language, culture, and religion but are divided by government and political systems. The focus of this study will be on American Samoa, which became a United States territory in 1900 when the principal chiefs of Tutuila (the largest island in American Samoa) ceded the islands to the United States.

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34

Johnson, Phillip Ray II. "Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) characterization of pre-contact basalt quarries on the American Samoan Island of Tutuila." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4932.

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This thesis presents a material-centered characterization of 120 geologic samples from four fine-grained basalt quarries on the Samoan Island of Tutuila. Previous unsuccessful attempts at definitive Tutuilan quarry differentiation have utilized x-ray fluorescence (XRF). In this study, clear differentiation of each analyzed quarry was achieved using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Biplots of canonical discriminant function scores for the INAA data illustrate clear separation based on the variation in chemical composition between each quarry. The samples analyzed not only define quarry separation, but also provide the "core group" for a preliminary baseline necessary for future artifact-centered provenance studies. Inclusion of these "core group" samples in the baseline was confirmed by stepwise discriminant analysis. These findings suggest the ability to determine quarry of origin on the island of Tutuila, which can elucidate the importance of individual Tutuilan quarries in the export and exchange of fine-grained basalts.

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35

Williams, Shaun Paul. "Tsunami Hazard, Samoan Islands: Palaeotsunami Investigation, Numerical Modeling and Risk Implications." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9664.

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Tsunami investigation is a fundamental component of coastal hazard mitigation and risk reduction. Recent history reveals that such hazards can influence rapid changes in global cultural dynamics through extensive loss of life (e.g. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami), lifeline destruction (e.g. 2011 Tohoku Tsunami) and property damage (e.g. 2014 Chile Tsunami), affecting the mobilization of regional and global humanitarian and financial resources. The 2009 South Pacific Tsunami (2009 SPT) in the Samoan Islands, which had devastating local impacts, provided the opportunity to better understand tsunami characteristics and subsequent hazard potential in this region. Lessons were learned from the impacts of this event in the context of local and regional tsunami mitigation. Equally a number of questions emerged. What is the long-term tsunami hazard in the Samoan region? What is the future risk of near-field events of similar or greater magnitude? What evidence is there in the geohazard chronology record? If there is evidence, what does it imply with regard to risk reduction in Samoa and the broader Pacific? These questions formed the research basis for this thesis. Specific aims and objectives were devised to address the challenges and concerns identified. A range of inter-disciplinary techniques were used to yield innovative information to achieve them. Proxy characteristics (e.g. loss on ignition, grain size, elemental ratio, geochronology, resonance modeling) associated with the 2009 SPT and identified 1990 and 1991 Cyclones Ofa and Val deposits, respectively, provided unique analogues for identifying and distinguishing tsunami and cyclone signatures in the deeper Samoan geologic record. A tsunami and cyclone geochronological model spanning the last 3,000 years or so was developed. Estimation of tsunami frequency of similar or greater magnitude events than the 2009 SPT likely originating from the near-field Northern Tongan Subduction Arc (NTSA) source was also made possible. The results suggest a minimum 87 year recurrence interval of 2009 SPT-type tsunami intensities or stronger associated with a likely NTSA origin. Assessment of the contemporaneity between identified tsunamis and cyclones in the geologic record with anomalous and/or enigmatic sequences in the ethno-archaeological, oral and indigenous records provided likely indicators of the possible extent of associated hazards. Further, the discovery and association of anthropogenically-formed charcoal contemporaneous with earliest colonization in the Samoan archipelago, with the oldest tsunami identified, likely substantiates an approximate 3,000 year hazard history. Evidence of a landslide-generated tsunami which occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), as well as non-related hypotheses concerning inland high-elevation calcareous deposits of cultural significance, were considered within the broader long-term tsunami hazard context. Knowledge gaps associated with landslide-generated tsunami processes and their hazard potential in this region were identified. The possibility of calcareous deposits found in a central highland location in these islands being of a potential tsunami or coastal marine origin is dismissed. This research demonstrates that an intrinsic tsunami hazard history covering the last 3,000 years exists in the Samoan Islands. Directions for future studies that build on the findings presented here are offered. The principal research outcomes achieved provide a basis for future refinement. Nonetheless, the thesis can be used in its present form as a guide for similar investigations, as well as in long-term coastal risk and mitigation at the local level. The techniques used and information obtained can also be developed and applied to analogous coastal environments in other countries to assist broader long-term regional and global tsunami risk reduction.

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36

Sperlich, Tobias. "Germany and her 'Ethnographic Treasure Box' - An anthropology of collecting in Colonial Samoa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491062.

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The research presented in this thesis revolves around two collections of material culture from Samoa, accumulated in the early 20th century, and now in museums in Germany. As such, it reviews issues such as general Western perceptions of Samoa and resulting collecting strategies. It also presents a listing and discussion of the two collections as well as the material culture of early 20th century Samoa in general.

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37

Apatu, E. J., E. Christopher Gregg, Joel Hillhouse, Liang Wang, and Robert P. Pack. "Employment Status and Social Stakeholders Perceptions during the 2009 Samoa Earthquake and Tsunami." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1363.

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38

Heath, Tim. "Sam and Susana." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/797.

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My novel, ‘Sam and Susana’ is set in Auckland in 1968. The story centres on the developing relationship between two students: Sam, a 21 year old from a middle class palagi family, and Susana, a Samoan girl from Otara. When they meet Sam is cynical about university, dedicated to sports and to his drinking companions, but unresolved in almost all other areas of his life. He desperately wants to free himself from the well-to-do St Heliers home where he still lives with his parents, and move out into the world with a more secure set of values and ambitions. He has liberal ideas, bordering at times on Socialist, fuelled by the political events of the day, but not yet translated into any actions. Susana is overflowing with enthusiasm and sees being at University as a privilege. She is very uncertain about academia, but has a strong set of attitudes about everything else, especially the value of family, religion and morality. She is deeply conscious of her extended family’s pride and expectations. Their romance does not progress smoothly. For both of them, their relationship, together with the radical examination of values and attitudes arising from the political and social upheavals of 1968, demands large, uncomfortable challenges and changes to enter their lives.

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39

Williams, Shaun Paul. "Ocean-flank collapse on the south of Ta'u, Manu'a Group, Samoa Islands: implications for risk management." University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3784.

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Ocean-island flank collapses are amongst the most dangerous of all landslide related hazards in the world, as they have the potential to trigger ocean-wide tsunamis that can cause damage and loss of life to communities thousands of kilometres from their source of origin. The implications for landslide-induced tsunami originating from high volcanic islands in the Pacific are serious; and consequent hazards to life, infrastructure, and emergency management need to be constantly reviewed, monitored, and investigated. Ta’u, the easternmost inhabited island in the Samoa Islands volcanic chain, exhibits a series of down-faulted benches on its southern flank; believed to be the remnant of catastrophic collapse involving ~30km³. An historical map of Ta’u, charted during the first United States exploring expedition into the Pacific Ocean (Charles Wilkes Expedition), suggests that the event was recent; having occurred less than 170 years ago. A collapse event of this magnitude would have generated a locally devastating tsunami, with possible impacts experienced at the regional level. However, there exists no written or oral record of such an event. It appears that half the island, involving an estimated 30km³, disappeared off the map less than 170 years ago without anybody noticing it. A number of key questions thus emerged. Did this event actually happen within the last 170 years, and if so, how and why could it have gone unnoticed? Is the event much older than the impression obtained from the literature? More importantly, what is the likelihood of a future collapse and subsequent tsunami, and what would the hazard impacts be at the local and regional levels? These questions formed the research basis for this thesis. Specific aims were developed to address the issues identified, and a range of inter-disciplinary scientific techniques using innovative methods and new datasets were implemented to achieve them. The results demonstrate that the collapse most likely occurred more than 170 years ago, raising serious debate on the accuracy of observations made during the Charles Wilkes Expedition. The results also show that the eruptive-hazard at the site exists. Given that the nature and frequency of active volcanism in the area is uncertain, the risk of a future collapse and subsequent tsunami in the medium-term is considered high. The inter-disciplinary approach to landslide-tsunami hazard investigation on an oceanic island presented in this thesis, can be developed and applied by disaster managers to similar hazard investigations on other oceanic islands. Ultimately, the increase in knowledge-base can be used as a tool for developing safer and more resilient coastal communities.

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40

Cochise, Acacia. "Multi-Perspective, Culturally Responsive Students Within Experiential Education Paradigms: A Case Study of Select Programmes in Samoa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8200.

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The following study was conducted over 21 months in the South Pacific. I served as Academic Coordinator for World Learning’s SIT’s Study Abroad program in Samoa for three semesters. While overseeing independent study projects, facilitating working relationships, and promoting cross-cultural communication among the American and Pacific Islander/Samoan tertiary students, I concluded that -- through cultural immersion, experiential education and deliberate, academically fostered communication and discussion both Western and Indigenous identities are capable of converging to better mutual and lasting understanding. I spent ten months in Samoa completing my field research and five months in New Zealand completing my library research. Over the course of three academic semesters, this study evolved through my volunteer work with the group Rotaract Samoa, my research and teaching experiences with an experiential education programme, and indirectly incorporating 36 American students from various US tertiary institutions participating in the SIT Study Abroad’s Pacific Communities and Social Change semester in Samoa, and over 120 Pacific Island students and staff on the University of the South Pacific (USP) campus in Alafua, Samoa. Encouraging American students to foster relationships with indigenous peoples offered insights into the process and progress of the students’ shared interactions. Students were uncomfortable and awkward in their initial associations, however, over time, through the program’s immersion techniques, the students learned valuable lessons, about Samoan culture and themselves as human beings. I found the use of experiential education programmes and convergence methodology in multicultural learning environments ultimately promoted multi-perspective, culturally responsive student development. I collected my data through interviews, participant-observations, surveys, questionnaires, volunteering and teaching. I analysed my data using a self-reflexive anthropological perspective.

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41

Williams, Shaun Paul. "Ocean-flank collapse on the south of Taʾu, Manuʾa Group, Samoa Islands: implications for risk management". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3784.

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Ocean-island flank collapses are amongst the most dangerous of all landslide related hazards in the world, as they have the potential to trigger ocean-wide tsunamis that can cause damage and loss of life to communities thousands of kilometres from their source of origin. The implications for landslide-induced tsunami originating from high volcanic islands in the Pacific are serious; and consequent hazards to life, infrastructure, and emergency management need to be constantly reviewed, monitored, and investigated. Ta’u, the easternmost inhabited island in the Samoa Islands volcanic chain, exhibits a series of down-faulted benches on its southern flank; believed to be the remnant of catastrophic collapse involving ~30km³. An historical map of Ta’u, charted during the first United States exploring expedition into the Pacific Ocean (Charles Wilkes Expedition), suggests that the event was recent; having occurred less than 170 years ago. A collapse event of this magnitude would have generated a locally devastating tsunami, with possible impacts experienced at the regional level. However, there exists no written or oral record of such an event. It appears that half the island, involving an estimated 30km³, disappeared off the map less than 170 years ago without anybody noticing it. A number of key questions thus emerged. Did this event actually happen within the last 170 years, and if so, how and why could it have gone unnoticed? Is the event much older than the impression obtained from the literature? More importantly, what is the likelihood of a future collapse and subsequent tsunami, and what would the hazard impacts be at the local and regional levels? These questions formed the research basis for this thesis. Specific aims were developed to address the issues identified, and a range of inter-disciplinary scientific techniques using innovative methods and new datasets were implemented to achieve them. The results demonstrate that the collapse most likely occurred more than 170 years ago, raising serious debate on the accuracy of observations made during the Charles Wilkes Expedition. The results also show that the eruptive-hazard at the site exists. Given that the nature and frequency of active volcanism in the area is uncertain, the risk of a future collapse and subsequent tsunami in the medium-term is considered high. The inter-disciplinary approach to landslide-tsunami hazard investigation on an oceanic island presented in this thesis, can be developed and applied by disaster managers to similar hazard investigations on other oceanic islands. Ultimately, the increase in knowledge-base can be used as a tool for developing safer and more resilient coastal communities.

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42

Clayton, Leanne. "Patterns and motifs in the Va: a Samoan concept of a space between." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/366.

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This project is an exploration of the endless negotiation of the va, the relationships that consistently define and redefine themselves in the space between two cultures. The va consists of relationships between people and things, unspoken expectations and obligations: the inherent and changeable patterns, of obligations and expectations between people and their environment. The va space can be viewed as the stage upon which all patterns and motifs carry meaning. How the patterns and motifs change meanings are subject to other elements in the va. Meaning in my work will evoke the interweaving connections of past and present through oral history, genealogy, and fagogo¹ (story telling) memory and artist sentiment. As participant, the artist reflects through the remembrance of sifting through images, person, family, events, time, and space. An emphasis will be placed on the exploration of pattern and motif as a signifier of events and sign of respect, with a focus on notions of the va. The project explores notions of visual patterns and motifs to be utilized as a vehicle to signify in that all patterns and motifs carry meaning in that they signify an event, person, time, and space. Written from a Samorians² perspective of one who lives in the space between. ¹ See Sean Mallon (2002) for an explanation on fagogo in Samoan Art and Artists O Measina a Samoa p. 163). ² The term ‘Samorians’ refers to a play on words of Samoans and an American treat called ‘samores’ containing a marshmallow that is cooked in the microwave or roasted in the fire and then placed in between two chocolate biscuits. It can also refer to an afakasi (half-caste).

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43

Morioka, Kate. "Who makes maps for whom? : identifying opportunities for community mapping using GIS in Samoa /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18746.pdf.

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44

Håkansson, Olof. "Stratified Polynesia : A GIS-based study of prehistoric settlements in Samoa and Rapa Nui." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331545.

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The overall objective of this study is, to understand how the prehistoric individual experienced her “being in the world”. This is done by examining the spatial relationships of prehistoric remains in order to understand hierarchies. The foundation of the thesis is constructed by using data from the prehistoric settlement of Letolo in Samoa (Independent State of Samoa) in West-Polynesia and Hanga Ho´onu on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in East-Polynesia. These data are stored and analysed in a Geographical Information System (GIS). In the Samoan case the intention is to make previously unpublished surveys available. An aim is to develop a method to interpret social information from the spatial relations of built structures. It is questioned if it is possible to interpret the degree of hierarchy in a prehistoric society only from the spatial relations of features. It is concluded that such an inquiry needs to be paired with preunderstanding and analogies, such as ethnohistorical data, since it otherwise is problematic to ascribe meaning to different built structures. The thesis uses ethnohistory for preunderstanding and analogy. The thesis further examines the worldviews and structures that are shown in the repeated practice of groups in the two settlements.
Det övergripande syftet med föreliggande studie är att komma närmare den förhistoriska människans upplevelse av varat, att komma närmare hennes upplevelse av att finnas till i världen. Detta görs genom att undersöka fornlämningars spatiala relationer för att förstå hierarkier. I uppsatsen redovisas två databaser och Geografiska Informationssystem som har konstruerats utifrån fornlämningsdata från förhistoriska bosättningar på Samoa i västpolynesien och Rapa Nui i östpolynesien. På Samoa är det Letolodalen på ön Savai´i som undersöks, och på Rapa Nui är det Hanga Ho´onu vid La Pérouse-bukten som undersöks. Uppsatsen ämnar tillgängliggöra opublicerade inventeringar av Letolo på Samoa. En intention är att utarbeta specifika kriterier för att utläsa social information från den spatiala utbredningen av fornlämningar. Arbetet ifrågasätter om det är möjligt att läsa ut graden av hierarki i ett förhistoriskt samhälle utifrån de spatiala relationerna mellan fornlämningar. Svaret är att det går om analogier och förförståelse används då det annars är problematiskt att tillskriva mening till fornlämningar. Eftersom Polynesien är väl dokumenterat utifrån ett etnohistoriskt perspektiv används analogier och förförståelse från dessa berättelser. I uppsatsen undersöks vidare mentala världar och strukturer som visar sig i gruppers upprepade praktiker i de två bosättningarna.

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45

Winterhoff, Ernest H. "The political economy of ancient Samoa : basalt adze production and linkages to social status /." Connect to title online (ProQuest) Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6202.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-264). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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46

Hakai, Soti Fa'amoemoe. "Teaching and Learning Food and Textiles in Samoa: Multiple Perspectives on a New Curriculum." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Human Development, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6289.

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This is a practical experience study to examine the perspectives and experiences of the teachers, students and parents towards teaching and learning Home Economics or Food and Textiles Technology (FTT) in Secondary schools in Samoa. The study attempts to understand the major factors that impede the successful implementation of the Food and Textiles Technology teaching and learning in the classroom. The research methodology of the study is drawn from qualitative case study approaches. Teachers, students and parents were interviewed and observed to gather relevant data for the study. Additional research includes analysis of educational documents to assist in creating a well-developed view of the FTT teaching. The study showed that though a great deal of research is being done to address identified needs in the Samoan education system, little work has been done in the area of home economics/food and textile technology. Additionally, the promotion of technical assistance through the vocational education training programmes is relevant for Samoa but it has not been addressed adequately in the change literature. This study attempts to contribute to meeting these two needs. The important findings of the study address innovation and support for all curriculum areas. The FTT innovation is a component of the Samoan education system, however, it is still regarded by many Samoans as a ‘second–class’ option in relation to formal education rather than ‘second chance education’ (Jones 1994; and Sharma 1995). Many Samoans accustomed to academic education regard FTT as a low status subject, a belief that is shared by many parents. In some countries women are considered second-class citizens but it is clear that ‘second chance’ education provides an equal opportunity to educate everyone and to provide a safe, respectful and nurturing environment. In addition, the opportunity of a second chance education can enhance the options available for early school leavers. The Ministry of Education Sports and Culture (MESC) needs to develop strategic policies to strengthen its approaches to the implementation of FTT in the secondary school. It is clear that teaching and learning FTT in schools in Samoa is not a compulsory component of the school system. It is only taken by the schools with resources, a trained teacher and enrolled students who are willing to participate in these courses. The MESC policies are related to its shared vision of a change process that provides teachers with strategies to achieve the desired goal or a set of goals. Therefore MESC policies should be flexible, usable, timely and applicable to the teaching and learning of FTT. Very importantly, the supply of pre- service and in- service training of teachers by MESC is needed to ensure there is a pool of high quality teachers to provide the successful implementation of FTT in the secondary school curriculum. It is also clear and understood that MESC should provide the appropriate quality resources to the learners to ensure the effective delivery of the FTT programmes in the secondary schools. Normally, FTT is expensive but this should not prevent or limit students’ access to the programmes. All efforts should be made to make the programmes accessible to all students. In order for the implementation of FTT to be successful, all the stakeholders should be active participants of the change process in the FTT programmes and all these programmes should be high quality, sustainable and on going. In the light of the above findings, it is important for the MESC, principals, teachers and stakeholders to participate and appreciate FTT implementation as a learning opportunity to develop new concepts, skills and behaviour (Huberman and Miles 1984; Joyce and Showers 1998; Fullan, 1991). These interactive and cumulative learning processes have important implications, which are addressed in this study in relation to the numerous target groups involved.

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47

Tinitali, Peter. "Culture, language and colonial discourse a study of educational professional preparation in American Samoa /." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765044601&SrchMode=1&sid=10&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1209146903&clientId=23440.

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48

Winterhoff, Ernest H. 1977. "The political economy of ancient Samoa: Basalt adze production and linkages to social status." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6202.

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xviii, 264 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This dissertation examines the role of stone tool production as a strategic resource in the development of chiefly authority in prehistoric Samoa. The evolution of Polynesia's complex chiefly systems is a long standing issue in anthropology, and prior archaeological research has identified that specialized goods were a significant factor in the elevation of elite status in many Polynesian contexts. Before Western contact, Samoa was a stratified chiefdom with leaders claiming exclusive privileges and participating in an extensive trade network within the Fiji-West Polynesian region during the Traditional Samoan period (c. A.D. 300-1700). However, Samoa's political structure was quite different in the earlier Polynesian Plainware period (c. 500 B.C.-A.D. 300). Archaeologists, with the aid of historical linguistics, have documented a simple hereditary system operating among small horticultural communities. To address this political transformation, I investigate coeval changes occurring in stone adze production recovered on Tutuila Island. Based firmly in the theoretical perspective of political economy, I ask three inter-related questions in my dissertation: were adze specialists present in ancient Samoa; if so, what was their connection to chiefly prerogatives; and what further relationship did these adze producers have with Samoa's emerging elite? To answer these questions, I utilize mass flake analysis and typological classifications to document technological and spatial changes in stone tool production. I also employ settlement studies and geochemical characterization to chart how leaders managed and controlled raw materials, as well as the distribution of basalt adzes in exchange networks. From my research, I record numerous nucleated workshops of adze specialization on Tutuila dating as far back as 800 years ago. As a new form of economic organization, these adze specialists acted as catalysts for increased political complexity and stratified authority. In addition, I trace how Samoan elites used their bourgeoning authority in restricting access to basalt sources and the distribution of the finished products during this same time period. In the larger Samoan political economy, I conclude that Tutuilan chiefs, located in an otherwise economically-impoverished island, utilized these newly-developed adze specialists and high-quality basalt as strategic resources for accumulating material surplus in prestige competition.
Adviser: William S. Ayres

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49

Ludvigsson, Andreas. "We are all victims of a crime we did not commit : Sustainable Development of Indigenous Agriculture - A Study in Western Samoa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54022.

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Western Samoa is one of the most vulnerable countries from climate changes due to its geographic location, and as agriculture is a main industry on the island, this sector is vulnerable to different risks such as tropical cyclones, heavy rainfall or droughts. Samoa could in theory be self-sufficient, but imports large quantities of processed foods which is affecting the health of the population in a negative way. The purpose of the thesis is to create an understanding of how the development of indigenous agriculture in Samoa can lead to increasing efficiency and sustainability and a decrease of the need for development aid and economical support from family members abroad. The thesis uses a deductive approach and data collection is performed by using semistructured interviews as well as observations. Secondary data has been gathered from databases, previous research and modern media. Through the study it has been explored that the resilience towards climate shocks has to improve in order to maintain a long-term sustainable development. Increased resilience is achieved by reducing the amount of vulnerabilities. Western Samoa is on a good path of keeping their way of being organic and sustainable regarding the agriculture sector. The upcoming years with prognosis of increased tourism will be a healthy addition to the economic growth of Samoa. Looking towards remittances, it becomes clear that current high rate of remittances is a problem in Samoa, as some families could rely on nothing but remittances and skip farming their land.

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50

DiPaola, Kathrin. "Samoa - 'Perle' der deutschen Kolonien? 'Bilder' des exotischen Anderen in Geschichte(n) des 20. Jahrhunderts." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/241.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Germanic Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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