Дисертації з теми "Safety of living"

This dissertation examines the health and safety of children found living in marijuana grow operations in two key regions in British Columbia, and how child protection workers have been drawn into this phenomenon. Data was collected on the physical and health characteristics of the grow operation homes, as well as on the prescription drug history of children living in grow operations and a comparison group of children from the same geographic areas. In addition, three document sources were examined as they relate to marijuana grow operations, and in particular, the child welfare response: Hansard and legislative debate surrounding Alberta’s Drug-endangered Children Act (2006); the British Columbia Ministry for Children and Family Development Fact Sheets: Child Protection Issues and Illegal Drug Manufacturing; and relevant articles published in select newspapers between 2004 and 2006. This study found that there was no significant difference between the health of the children found living in marijuana grow operations and the comparison group of children, based on their reported health at the time, and their prescription history. The document analysis revealed sharp distinctions between the legislation and policies that direct social work practice with grow operations in British Columbia and the neighbouring province of Alberta. Finally, although concerns about the health and safety of children living in grow operations legitimizes social work intervention, these concerns do not appear to be key factors in the social work decisions to remove children from their parents’ care.

Ageing has become a significant research area in the last few decades. The most important reason that makes ageing issue significant is the increasing rate of the older indviduals within the population all around the world. Statistical data on ageing both in Turkey and in the world reveals that, in the near future, the number of population over 65 will increase dramatically. It can be asserted that there will be an urgent need of specifically designed accommodation for this portion of the population. Hence, this thesis intends to search for and practice a design solution for the elderly housing. One of the instruments that supported the formulation of such a solution is the subject of &lsquo
universal design&rsquo
. Within the scope of this study, the principles of universal design and its relationship with ageing are defined, examined and evaluated. It is accepted that living environment has effect on the enhancement of the individual&rsquo
s quality of life. For this reason, the relationship between person and environment is briefly discussed in congruence with principles of universal design and provision of quality of life. Accessibility, safety, privacy, autonomy and independence are the common concerns of universal design and provision of a higher quality of life. With review of the definitions of specific elderly housing types, another approach for this study is to make a case study of the existing architectural solutions for the elderly housing. This helped to understand architectural approaches to the relationship between ageing and environment in the world. In the light of the findings, an architectural project, presenting a habitable environment for the elderly, is proposed. For the project, the concept of &ldquo
assisted living&rdquo
as a new category for elderly housing, is chosen.

Thesis (D.Min.)--South Florida Center for Theological Studies, 2003.
DOLPHINS stands for "Different Options for Living Playing and Hoping In Non-violence and Safety" Includes bibliographical references.

Key Points: (1) Nutrition management for individuals infected with HIV can be helpful in maintaining lean body weight, combating oxidative stress, reducing complications from hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and managing gastrointestinal function. (2) Patients may need to be individualized to meet each individual's unique requirements. (3) Consideration should be given to including the expertise of a registered dietitian/nutritionist s part of the health care team to promote wellness in the individuals infected with HIV.

Research shows that women are at higher risk for being victimized simply because of their gender. Women with mental illness living independently are especially vulnerable, since they underreport victimization and underutilize available resources. This study evaluated the benefits of educating women with mental illness about safety and violence. Twenty women utilizing outpatient services at two community mental health centers participated in one of two 12-week groups: 15 received an educational curriculum and 5 a control condition. Outcomes were assessed using pretest and posttest measures of quality of daily life, self-esteem and perceived control over life events, awareness of available resources to them as women, awareness of violence, attitudes about safety, and confidence in abilities to protect themselves. The greatest improvement was in the curriculum women's awareness of resources. Intra-group variability, a small sample size, and other unexpected complications precluded a definitive evaluation of the curriculum, but overall results suggest further research in this area would be beneficial.
Department of Psychological Science

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This dissertation initiates with a brief historical revision of Brazilian industrialization process from the end of nineteenth century on. The industrialization process, and consequence rural exodus, produced several transformations in the society, amongst them, the emergence of the so-called workers' villages with purpose of providing accommodation to the workforce and, besides that, keep them close to the industrial plant. It studies the initial occupation and the current situation of some workers' villages in both capital city and country side cities of the state of São Paulo. It demonstrates the changes that have occurred in the occupying public of this type of habitation, and also shows how both the modern urbanism and the sustainable urbanism concepts have been adapted to the new villages. In the beginning, these villages were destined to the workers' class. With elapsing of the years, they became object of search of the middle classes and average-high class. They have realized how practical is to live in these small nuclei, in downtown or near to the urban center zone, with the convenience and individuality of a house, allied to the privacy and security that this type of residential arrangement offers. That combined has increased the value of this type of housing and has stimulated the real estate market to invest in new nuclei.
Esse trabalho inicia-se com uma breve revisão histórica da industrialização no Brasil a partir do final do século XIX. Esse processo de crescente industrialização e êxodo rural teve vários reflexos na sociedade, dentre eles, o surgimento das vilas operárias com o intuito de prover os operários com moradia além de mante-los próximos ao local de trabalho. Apresenta-se uma abordagem da situação e ocupação de algumas vilas operárias na capital de São Paulo e em algumas cidades do interior do estado, demonstrando a mudança ocorrida no público ocupante desse tipo de habitação, mostrando também a forma como os conceitos de urbanismo moderno têm sido adaptados aos novos conjuntos residenciais assim como os conceitos de urbanismo sustentável. A princípio, essas vilas eram destinadas às classes operárias, com o decorrer dos anos, tornou-se objeto de procura das classes média e média alta que perceberam nesses pequenos núcleos, a praticidade de se morar no centro ou próximo aos centros urbanos, além do conforto e individualidade das casas aliados a privacidade e segurança que esse tipo de conjunto residencial oferece, valorizando esse tipo de moradia e impulsionando o mercado imobiliário a investir nesses novos núcleos.

Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation draws on qualitative research conducted in 2012 with foster mothers and young people living and having lived in three household-style ‘safety homes’ in the township of Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Unlike large formalised residential care facilities, with high staff turnover and high ratios of children to caregivers, these settings are intimate long-term spaces of care that provide stable parenting. This finding of stable parenting and of proper care of young people in the safety homes forms the crux of this thesis and challenges the dominant view that care other than within the biological family is inferior and ‘out of home’ and ‘out of family’ care. The research highlighted that the social (non-biological) family has both strengths and limitations.

Bátora alleges that political accountability has been “almost entirely overlooked” (2010, 2) in studies of the European External Action Service. An examination of the subject that extends previous studies on agency design, the co-decision procedure, the “democratic deficit,” and European Union foreign policy would resolve the neglect. As a result, the study derives a hypothesis from an established theory of bureaucratic structure. Findings suggest that during the design of EU agencies co-decision power improves the ability of the European Parliament to institutionalize methods of accountability to it.

Previous research has confirmed that neighborhood level social factors (e.g. crime, safety) present chronic stressors that increase risk for depression in residents of economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. U.S. Latinos experience higher levels of poverty and thus are more likely to live in poor neighborhoods. In this study it was hypothesized that adult Latina women who reported (1) higher levels of worry regarding the general safety of their household children in the neighborhood, (2) higher levels of worry regarding influence of bad friends on their household children, and (3) higher levels of worry regarding their household children being exposed to drugs and alcohol, would also report higher levels of depression after controlling for the individual level characteristics of level of acculturation, education, age, income and marital status. This study used a cross-sectional survey design and a convenience sample of 136 Latina women. Depression was measured using the CES-D Spanish version. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the first step consisting of control variables was significantly correlated with depression, R² =.14, F (5,130) =4.261, p = .001. In step two, after entering the neighborhood level variables, the resulting R² increased significantly, R ² = .21, F (1, 129) = 10.937, p < .001. The relationship between depression and each CES-D subscale was also explored. Understanding both micro and macro level factors that contribute to depression is essential for developing complex multi-level explanatory models and designing effective interventions. This study contributes to an emerging critical framework that illustrates how public policy influences the more proximal mechanisms that contribute to mental health and health problems.

La fréquence des accidents en mer et l'ampleur des dégâts de certains d'entre eux permettent de s'interroger sur l'efficacité des mesures de sécurité et de sûreté maritimes. En parallèle, l'importante participation du facteur humain dans la survenance de ces accidents devient une réalité de plus en plus acceptée. Les conditions de vie et de travail des marins à bord des navires, l'effectif, la durée de travail... sont autant d'éléments déterminants dans la survenance de l'erreur humaine. Ce sont, par conséquent, autant d'éléments à considérer dans la prévention des accidents, sans pour autant les dissocier du système organisationnel global. Pourtant, à travers le monde, les mesures législatives prenant en considération ces éléments sont rares et souffrent d'une application partielle et d'un manque considérable de contrôle à l'occasion des différentes inspections maritimes. Même si cette constatation varie d'un État maritime à un autre, la Tunisie n'y déroge pas. Des lacunes en la matière existent aussi bien au niveau de l'adoption des lois, que de leur application effective ou du contrôle leur étant réservé. Il conviendra d'en déceler les causes et d'essayer de les combler
The frequency of maritime accidents and the extent of the damage some of them cause, can cast doubt on the effectiveness of maritime safety and security measures. At the same time, the ever increasing rôle played by man in such occurrences has been steadily recognized. Sailors' living and working conditions on board, crew size and working hours are just a few ofthe significant factors wich have contributed to human error. As a result, such factors, should not be excluded from the global organizational system when considering accident prevention. Nevertheless, throughout the word, legislative measures including these elements are either few and far between, only partially applied or immensely difficult to enforce during maritime inspections. Even if this observation varies from one maritime state to another, Tunisia is no exception. Shortcomings in the field range from, flaws in the adoption of laws, to ineffective law implementation, without forgetting the level of control they are granted. This paper will detect the causes behind this situation and go some way in attempting to remedy the failings

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Medidas de espectroscopia gama de alta resolução têm diversas aplicações. Aplicações envolvendo medidas de radioisótopos de meia-vida curta podem apresentar problemas de baixa precisão nas contagens quando a fonte radioativa está distante do detector e de perda de acurácia por efeitos de tempo morto e empilhamento de pulsos em situação de altas taxas de contagens. Um modo de minimizar esses problemas é alterando a posição da fonte radioativa durante o processo de medição, aproximando-a do detector conforme sua atividade diminui e assim maximizando o número de contagens medidas. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido o Movimentador de Amostras Radioativas Automatizado (MARA), um aparato de baixo custo, feito com materiais de baixo número atômico e leve, projetado e construído para auxiliar nas medidas de espectroscopia gama, capaz de controlar a distância entre a fonte e o detector, permitindo inclusive que ocorra alteração dessa distância durante o processo de medição. Por ser automatizado ele otimiza o tempo do operador, que tem total liberdade para criar suas rotinas de medidas no dispositivo, além de evitar que o mesmo tome uma parcela da dose radioativa. Foi também feita uma interface que permite controle do MARA e a programação do sistema de aquisição de dados. Foram realizados testes para otimização da operação do sistema MARA e foi verificada a segurança de operação do MARA, não apresentando nenhuma falha durante seus testes. Foi aplicado o teste de repetitividade, por meio de medições com uma fonte calibrada de 60Co, e verificou-se que o sistema de movimentação de prateleiras automatizado reproduziu os resultados do sistema estático com confiabilidade de 95%.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The home should represent safety and security for the person who lives there, and this is an important factor for independence and autonomy in very old age. With aging populations, the needs for long-term care increase, care provided by spouses and/or from the growing home care sector. Injuries among these groups are common. In this study, an ergonomics perspective was applied in the analysis of some basic daily activities performed by old persons and by home care workers, assisting. The postures and movements of home care staff assisting at toilet visits, and transferring persons from wheelchair to toilet, were measured and analysed. Some daily activities related to making food and washing clothes, performed by a group of persons between the age of 75 and 100, were measured and analysed. The task of getting up from the floor – on your own and with the help of a walker equipped with a lifting device – was analysed with the help of older persons and nursing staff. The design was built on the knowledge gained from analysing how older people get up from floor. Requirements for access with a four-wheeled walker in the local built environment were investigated. Observations were made with the help of video recording. Postures were recorded with the CUELA measurement system. The VIDAR ergonomics evaluation instrument was used to register the participants’ experiences of discomfort and pain during getting up from the floor with or without the walker with a lifting device. Structured interviews were used to find out about older peoples’ experience of using the four-wheel walker. It is concluded that ageing at home requires improved architectural and technical bathroom design and improved access in the local built environment.

QC 20140124

A desirable future critically depends on our ability to ensure the supply of key resources while simultaneously respecting planetary boundaries. This paper looks at the potential implications of living within the "safe operating space" for people, business and the economy. It develops a positive vision of the future based on three pillars: a safe and fair use of global resources, a sustainable society, and a transformed economy.We review and build on recent sustainability visions to develop a holistic reflection on what life in 2050 could look like, and explore the key changes in the economy needed to get there. In particular we show that resource efficiency requires a systemic shift in values, innovation, governance and management regimes. We present a bold vision for Europe underlined by indicators and targets, explore transition challenges to getting there and conclude with a list of key policies needed for overcoming challenges and reaching the vision. (authors' abstract)

The purpose of this grant project was to develop and fund a support group program for kinship caregivers who are raising their younger family members in Los Angeles County. The goal of this support group is to help kinship caregivers develop or enhance their strengths, skills, and supports so that their younger family members can graduate from high school or obtain a general equivalency diploma (GED), and transition into their communities as productive young adults. The support groups would provide information and resources to address the demanding needs of kinship caregivers as they relate to helping older adolescents stay in school and obtain their high school diploma or GED. This project was developed for Grandparents as Parents (GAP), an advocacy, training, and support group organization serving Los Angeles County. The selected funding source was the Weingart Foundation. The actual funding and submission of this grant proposal were not requirements for the successful completion of this project.

In the year 2000, 170 countries decided to stand together and solve some primary and common global problems like poor health, water, and sanitation. Obtaining access to safe drinking water is every individual’s right. The UN defines safe drinking water as “the water required for each personal or domestic use must be safe, therefore free from micro-organisms, chemical substances and radiological hazards that constitute a threat to a person's health” (UNDESA, 2014). This thesis focuses on identifying the number of people who potentially receive spring water from a piped source in rural mountainous areas. There are three significant steps and data requirements which are necessary to meet this study’s objective. These are to: 1) obtain data classifying the various sources of drinking water in each country by specifying the percentage of population served by a particular water in rural and urban areas, 2) determine the number of countries which are undeveloped or developing, and 3) identify specific countries which are defined as mountainous (and thus likely to have spring fed piped water systems) based on elevation and slope in order to estimate the number of people living in mountainous areas. Results show that 183.54 (million) people were estimated to receive piped water from the springs in mountainous areas. Approximately, 34% of the population is from the Eastern Asia and South-Eastern Asia regions, and 33% reside in the Latin America and Caribbean Islands. These were followed by Western Asia and North Africa Regions with 15% and Central Asia and Southern Asia Regions with 14% of their population estimated to receive piped spring water.

This study examines Intimate Partner Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among women living in safe houses in the State of Georgia. This study was based on the premise that Intimate Partner Violence has an effect on the mental health status of women living in safe houses and can result in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. A case study analysis approach was used to analyze data gathered on Safe House Directors’ attitudes towards Intimate Partner Violence, Trauma, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The researcher found that Safe House Directors agree that Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is an important mental health issue for women living in safe houses. Safe House Directors agree that their safe house staff do not assess for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and that treating trauma associated with Intimate Partner Violence promotes a healthier living environment for women and children survivors. Conclusions drawn from the findings suggest that more training is needed for Safe House Staff on Intimate Partner Violence, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Trauma Informed Care.

When residential segregation is mentioned in news coverage and when it is talked about in everyday discourse in Sweden, it is very often associated with immigration and minority groups living in the poorer areas of the city. A common assumption is that “immigrants” actively withdraw from society and that they choose to live together rather than integrating with the majority population. This study, however, argues that discussions about segregation cannot be limited to the areas where minorities and poorer-income groups live, but must understand segregation as a process occurring in the whole system of urban neighbourhoods. In order to reach a more complete understanding of the ways in which segregation processes are at work in contemporary Swedish cities, knowledge is needed about the inhabitants with greater resources and power to choose their dwellings and residential areas. The neighbourhood choices of more privileged groups, and the socio-spatial reproduction of the areas of the upper-middle class, are investigated by applying a qualitative ethnographic framework. The thesis studies two neighbourhoods located in the post-industrial city of Malmö: Victoria Park, a US-inspired “lifestyle community” which is the first of its kind in Sweden, and Bellevue, older but still one of the most exclusive and high-status neighbourhoods in the city. In order to understand self-segregation among privileged groups, the study especially scrutinises the concepts of class and security as well as the impacts of neoliberalisation on the Swedish housing market. The main argument of the study is that the self-segregation by members of the upper-middle class demonstrates a rift which runs through the urban fabric of Malmö, splintering the city up into perceived separate worlds. The existence of physical, symbolic and social boundaries in Victoria Park and Bellevue reproduces these neighbourhoods as exclusive, private and tranquil spaces of the upper-middle class. By locating themselves in the calm and safe part of the city, the upper-middle class can buy security as a commodity, rather than relying on the welfare state to provide it for them.

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Este trabalho analisa um processo de “experimentalismo institucional” instituído no Governo Lula com o objetivo de fundar um novo paradigma na relação entre Estado e sociedade civil, seja no sentido de alargar a relação ou seja na intenção de aprofundar as mudanças ocorridas no âmbito relacional. Dois aspectos caracterizam um experimentalismo institucional: a decisão do governo em repensar os mecanismos de elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas e, ao mesmo tempo, a iniciativa governamental de buscar se apropriar e fortalecer as experiências bem sucedidas no campo da sociedade civil, passando a referenciar novas políticas. E Dois casos de experimentalismo institucional serão analisados. No primeiro, o experimentalismo se funda em torno da política de segurança alimentar do governo federal e das experiências de convivência com o sem-árido, estas desenvolvidas pela Articulação do Semi-Árido Paraibano. No segundo caso, o experimentalismo é instituído a partir da implantação da política governamental de desenvolvimento territorial. Nos territórios, atores sociais e governos interagem num processo de aprendizagem no sentido de estabelecer concertações, compartilhar identidades e compromissos mútuos. Finalmente, o texto apresenta algumas considerações sobre os dois casos de experimentalismo institucional e sua capacidade para alargar as relações entre Estado e sociedade civil e para aprofundar as mudanças pretendidas e os compromissos assumidos nessa trama relacional. Além disso, sugere como esses experimentalismos contribuíram para o estabelecimento de um “novo projeto” de agricultura familiar no país.
This thesis analyses a process of “institutional experimentalism” that was implement by Lula’s1 Government, in order to establish a new paradigm in the relationship between the State and Civil Society, both to broaden the scope and deepen the changes that occurred in this relationship. Two aspects characterize this “institutional experimentalism”: firstly, the government’s decision to review the elaboration and implementation mechanisms of public policies and, secondly, the government’s initiative to incorporate, and strengthen, the successful Civil Society initiatives, using them as references for new policies. Two cases of “institutional experimentalism” are discussed. In the first one, the “experimentalism” is established around the Federal Government’s food security policy and the initiatives based on the idea of “living with the semi-arid environment”2 developed by the Paraíba Semi-Arid Region Network. In the second case, the “experimentalism” concerns the implementation the governmental policy of territorial development. In the territories, social actors and government bodies interact in a learning process that tries to establish negotiation, and share identities and bilateral commitments. Finally, the thesis presents some concluding remarks on the two cases of “institutional experimentalism” and their capacity to reinforce the relationship between the State and Civil Society and to consolidate the intended changes and the commitments that were set up in this process. Moreover, it also comments on how this “experimentalism” has contributed towards the establishment of a “new project” for the country’s family farmers.
Le présent travail analyse un processus d' espérimentalisme institutionnel, institué par le Gouvernement Lula dans le but de créer un nouveau paradigme dans la relation entre l'Etat et la societé civile, que ce soit dans le sens d’élargir cette relation ou que ce soit dans le but d’approfondir les changements qui ont eu lieu dans le domaine relationnel. Deux aspects caractérisent cet expérimentalisme institutionnel : la décision du gouvernement de repenser les mécanismes d’élaboration et d’implantation de politiques publiques et, en même temps, l’initiative gouvernementale de chercher à s’approprier des expériences réussies dans le champ de la société civile, et à les renforcer pour qu’elles servent de référence pour de nouvelles politiques. Deux cas d’expérimentalisme institutionnel seront analysés. Dans le premier, l’expérimentalisme s’exerce à propos de la politique de sécurité alimentaire du gouvernement fédéral et sur la base des expériences bien réussies de « convivence » dans la région semi-aride, expériences menées par l’Articulation du Semi-Aride de la Paraíba. Dans le second cas, l’expérimentalisme s’institue à partir de l’implantation de la politique gouvernementale de développement territorial. Dans les territoires, acteurs sociaux et gouvernements dialoguent dans un processus d’apprentissage visant à établir des arrangements, partager des identités et des engagements mutuels. Finalment, le texte présente quelques considérations sur les deux cas d’expérimentalisme institutionnel et leur capacité d’élargir les relations entre Etat et société civile, et d’approfondir les changements recherchés et les engagements assumés dans cette trame relationnelle. En outre, il suggère que ces expérimentalismes ont contribué à établir um « nouveau projet » d’agriculture familiale dans le pays.

Увод. Годишње најмање 30% особа старијих од 65 година доживи један или више падова. Са повећањем година повећава се и озбиљност компликација услед пада, степен функционалног оштећења и ниво инвалидитета. Одговорност за пад приписује се многим факторима ризика. Због сложености њихове природе, од кључног је значаја да се ревидирају концептуални и методолошки оквири за разумевање и предвиђање пада у популацији старих особа. Циљеви истраживања. Утврдити учесталост падова код особа старијих од 65 година; утврдити најзначајније факторе ризика од пада и проценити њихову интеракцију са функционалним способностима и забринутост због пада. Материјал и методологија. Истраживање је спроведено у од фебруара до јуна 2014. године у виду студије пресека и обухватило је 400 испитаника старијих од 65 година. Испитаници су тестирани у кућним условима приликом посете патронажне службе. Коришћени су следећи инструменти: општи упитник, Elderly Fall Screening Test – ЕFST, Multi-factor Falls Questionnaire – MFQ, Tinetti Balance Assessment, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale − IADL, Falls Efficacy Scale International FES-I. Стaтистички прорaчуни су вршени прогрaмом SPSS верзијa 20. Резултати истраживања. Резултати студије показују да је пад доживело 55% испитаника. Регресиони модел EFST са варијаблама био је статистички значајан, а као независни предиктори показали су се женски пол (OR = 2,751; < 0,001), године старости (OR = 1,138; p < 0,001), и степен образовања (OR = 0,554; p = 0,027). Слични резултати су добијении и за регресиони модел са Тинетијевим скором где су се као независни предиктори показали пол (Beta = -0,107; p = 0,029) старост (Beta = -0,260; p < 0,001) и степен образовања (Beta = 0,191; p < 0,001). Све корелације између ЕFST, FESI, IADL и скором Тинетијевог теста биле су статистички значајне (p < 0,05). Вредности скора FESI биле су у јакој позитивној корелацији са скором ЕFST и изузетно негативној корелацији са IADL и скором Тинетијевог теста. Скор ЕFST показао је умерену негативну корелацију са скором IADL и јаку негативну са скором Тинетијевог теста, док су скор IADL и скор Тинетијевог теста показали умерену позитивну корелацију. Модел EFST био је статистички значајан и у целини тачно класификује 83,3% случајева. Варијабле које су се показале као независни предиктори били су: Тинети скор (OR = 0,783; p < 0,001), скор (OR = 1,041; p = 0,019) и ортостатска хипотензија (OR = 2,291; p = 0,035). Закључак. У испитиваној популацији падови су веома учестала појава и више од половине особа доживела је пад у последњих годину дана. У повећаном ризику од пада су жене. Такође ризик од пада повећава се са годинама старости. Нижи степен образовања показао се као независни предиктор пада. Предикција ризика од пада утврђеног на основу скрининг тест за пад код старих особа у општој популацији могућа је уз висок степен детерминације на основу скора Тинетијевог теста и, скора FESI и ортостатске хипотензије.
Uvod. Godišnje najmanje 30% osoba starijih od 65 godina doživi jedan ili više padova. Sa povećanjem godina povećava se i ozbiljnost komplikacija usled pada, stepen funkcionalnog oštećenja i nivo invaliditeta. Odgovornost za pad pripisuje se mnogim faktorima rizika. Zbog složenosti njihove prirode, od ključnog je značaja da se revidiraju konceptualni i metodološki okviri za razumevanje i predviđanje pada u populaciji starih osoba. Ciljevi istraživanja. Utvrditi učestalost padova kod osoba starijih od 65 godina; utvrditi najznačajnije faktore rizika od pada i proceniti njihovu interakciju sa funkcionalnim sposobnostima i zabrinutost zbog pada. Materijal i metodologija. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u od februara do juna 2014. godine u vidu studije preseka i obuhvatilo je 400 ispitanika starijih od 65 godina. Ispitanici su testirani u kućnim uslovima prilikom posete patronažne službe. Korišćeni su sledeći instrumenti: opšti upitnik, Elderly Fall Screening Test – EFST, Multi-factor Falls Questionnaire – MFQ, Tinetti Balance Assessment, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale − IADL, Falls Efficacy Scale International FES-I. Statistički proračuni su vršeni programom SPSS verzija 20. Rezultati istraživanja. Rezultati studije pokazuju da je pad doživelo 55% ispitanika. Regresioni model EFST sa varijablama bio je statistički značajan, a kao nezavisni prediktori pokazali su se ženski pol (OR = 2,751; < 0,001), godine starosti (OR = 1,138; p < 0,001), i stepen obrazovanja (OR = 0,554; p = 0,027). Slični rezultati su dobijenii i za regresioni model sa Tinetijevim skorom gde su se kao nezavisni prediktori pokazali pol (Beta = -0,107; p = 0,029) starost (Beta = -0,260; p < 0,001) i stepen obrazovanja (Beta = 0,191; p < 0,001). Sve korelacije između EFST, FESI, IADL i skorom Tinetijevog testa bile su statistički značajne (p < 0,05). Vrednosti skora FESI bile su u jakoj pozitivnoj korelaciji sa skorom EFST i izuzetno negativnoj korelaciji sa IADL i skorom Tinetijevog testa. Skor EFST pokazao je umerenu negativnu korelaciju sa skorom IADL i jaku negativnu sa skorom Tinetijevog testa, dok su skor IADL i skor Tinetijevog testa pokazali umerenu pozitivnu korelaciju. Model EFST bio je statistički značajan i u celini tačno klasifikuje 83,3% slučajeva. Varijable koje su se pokazale kao nezavisni prediktori bili su: Tineti skor (OR = 0,783; p < 0,001), skor (OR = 1,041; p = 0,019) i ortostatska hipotenzija (OR = 2,291; p = 0,035). Zaključak. U ispitivanoj populaciji padovi su veoma učestala pojava i više od polovine osoba doživela je pad u poslednjih godinu dana. U povećanom riziku od pada su žene. Takođe rizik od pada povećava se sa godinama starosti. Niži stepen obrazovanja pokazao se kao nezavisni prediktor pada. Predikcija rizika od pada utvrđenog na osnovu skrining test za pad kod starih osoba u opštoj populaciji moguća je uz visok stepen determinacije na osnovu skora Tinetijevog testa i, skora FESI i ortostatske hipotenzije.
Introduction. Annually at least 30% of people over 65 experience one or more falls. With the increase in years, the severity of complications due to falls, degree of functional impairment and level of disability also increase. The responsibility for the fall is attributed to many risk factors. Due to the complexity of their nature, it is crucial that the conceptual and methodological frameworks for understanding and predicting the decline in the elderly population are revised. Research goals. Determine the incidence of falls in people over 65 years of age; identify the most important risk factors of the fall and evaluate their interaction with functional abilities and fear for falling. Material and methodology. The survey was conducted from February to June 2014 in the form of a cross sectional study and included 400 respondents over 65 years of age. Respondents were tested at home during a visit of the patronage service. The following instruments were used: general questionnaire, Elderly Fall Screening Test - EFST, Multi-factor Falls Questionnaire - MFQ, Tinetti Balance Assessment, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale - IADL, Falls Efficacy Scale International FES-I. Statistical calculations were performed by the SPSS version 20 program. Research results. The results of the study show that the fall was experienced by 55% of respondents. The regression model EFST with variables was statistically significant, and as independent predictors the female sex (OR = 2,751; <0,001), age (OR = 1,138; p <0,001), and the level of education (OR = 0,554; p = 0.027) were shown. Similar results were obtained for the regression model with the Tinetti's score, where the gender (Beta = -0.107; p = 0.029) age (Beta = -0.260; p <0.001) and education (Beta = 0.191; p < 0.001) were shown as independent predictors. All correlations between EFST, FESI, IADL and the Tinetti's test score were statistically significant (p <0.05). The FESI score values were in a strong positive correlation with the EFST score and extremely negative correlation with IADL and the Tinetti’s test score. The EFST score showed a moderate negative correlation with the IADL score and a strong negative with the Tinetti’s test score, while the IADL score and the Tinetti test score showed moderate positive correlation. The EFST model was statistically significant and in its entirety accurately classified 83.3% of cases. Variables that proved to be independent predictors were: Tinetti score (OR = 0.783; p <0.001), score (OR = 1.041; p = 0.019) and orthostatic hypotension (OR = 2.291; p = 0.035). Conclusion. In the studied population, falls are a very common occurrence and more than half of the people experienced a fall in the past year. Women are at increased risk of falling. Also, the risk of falling increases with age. A lower level of education has proven to be an independent fall predictor. Prediction of the risk of a fall that has been established on the basis of a screening test for elderly people in the general population is possible with a high degree of determination based on the Tinetti test score and, recent FESI and orthostatic hypotension.

Domestic abuse is a public health issue with long term health and social consequences for its victims. The prevalence of domestic abuse among women seeking healthcare is higher than in the general UK population and often begins or worsens in pregnancy. Health visitors, because of their role with pregnant women and mothers are in a key position to offer both supportive interventions and to play a preventative role in domestic abuse. The aim of this research is to improve understanding of issues health visitors face when working with Pakistani mothers living with domestic abuse. The study is set in the north of Britain in an area that has experienced chain migration and settlement from the Mirpur and Faisalabad regions of Pakistan since the 1970s. Taking a qualitative approach and informed by a critical realist perspective, first-hand accounts from health visitors working in the area are used. The findings of the study confirm that domestic abuse perpetrated against some Pakistani mothers is a complex aspect of health visiting practice compounded by deep rooted cultural and social practices within many Pakistani families. The key challenge health visitors face appears to be non-disclosure of abuse by many Pakistani women and the main approach taken by health visitors in this situation is predominantly one of harm minimisation. Inconsistencies in practice were however noted. Three overarching themes were found from the analysis of the data which depict the challenges health visitors face and the endeavours they take to keep women safe. The theme of Presence depicts a range of actions linked to ‘seeing’ or ‘being with’ women and includes carrying out repeated enquiry into abuse. Role Strain describes how the health visitors express difficulty in fulfilling the various demands and expectations of the role. The term Covert Actions encompasses a range of seemingly hidden or concealed activities undertaken by health visitors in an endeavour to maintain Presence. The study provides useful insight into the forms of evidence many health visitors deem can legitimately inform their clinical interventions when working with this population group and succeeds in extending current understanding of the types of knowledge health visitors draw from to inform their decisions in this specific area of practice. It also provides awareness of the wider challenges health visitors can encounter when working more generally among collectivist and honour-based communities and raises questions about some of the philosophical assumptions usually associated with Western models of healthcare. Implications for practice are that mainstream domestic abuse interventions should be used with sensitivity to the different cultural contexts in which many Pakistani mothers live, and attempts should be made to develop appropriate interventions that derive from those contexts. This includes holistic assessment tools that are flexible enough to allow clinical judgements to be informed by the more subjective elements of evidence gathering and which take into consideration the impact of the multiple oppressions some women encounter. Recommendations for service providers are that they should take a broader view of domestic violence that recognises ‘difference’ and therefore enables health visiting interventions to be flexible and responsive to differing need. This includes considering more community-based interventions among certain population groups.

L’aéroport est un objet géographique protéiforme, caractérisé par son « obsolescence accélérée » (BANHAM, 1962). Depuis les années 1990, son ultime mutation s’articule autour d’un processus de diversification fonctionnelle engendré par l’injection d’activités nouvelles, parfois éloignées du transport aérien, dans l’objectif d’accroître les profits et la rentabilité de l’infrastructure dans un contexte de privatisation généralisée. Cette évolution concerne les plus grands hubs mondiaux, notamment Paris-CDG, quatrième aéroport du monde selon le trafic passagers international. Cette tendance, qui a donné naissance au concept opérationnel d’airport city, tel qu’il est désigné par les observateurs et opérateurs anglo-saxons, attise doublement la curiosité géographique. En premier lieu, parce qu’elle interroge la fonction première de l’infrastructure de transport qu’est l’aéroport, qui devient alors un objet spatial non identifié qu’il convient de redéfinir. En second lieu, parce que cette désignation d’airport city, traduite par les opérateurs francophones par ville aéroportuaire, interroge la ville et surtout ce qui fait la ville dans ses dimensions matérielle et idéelle, c’est-à-dire l’urbanité et la citadinité. Suffit-il d’injecter des fonctions urbaines dans un espace pour en faire de la ville ? La ville aéroportuaire n’est-elle qu’une ville fonctionnelle ? En s’efforçant d’évaluer la pertinence géographique de la notion d’airport city, cette thèse impose de faire de l’urbanité et de la citadinité des concepts opératoires afin de les confronter au terrain aéroportuaire. Elle s’efforce également de replacer l’aéroport au centre de l’étude géographique en proposant un ajustement de l’échelle d’observation à l’ensemble de la zone aéroportuaire, évitant ainsi la synecdoque particularisante réduisant l’aéroport au terminal. Dans l’évaluation de la citadinité, elle a également pour objectif de saisir les spatialités de l’ensemble de la société aéroportuaire (passagers, employés, accompagnants, SDF, etc.)
Airports are protean geographical objects characterized by their « accelerated obsolescence » (BANHAM, 1962). Since the 1990s, their final transformation has been structured around a process of functional diversification engendered by new activities, which are sometimes very different from air transport, in order to increase the infrastructures’ profits and profitability in a context of widespread privatization. The world’s largest hub airports are concerned by this evolution, especially the Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle airport, the world’s fourth busiest airport by international passenger traffic. This trend, which has given birth to the operational concept of airport city, as the Anglo-Saxon operators and observers call it, stirs up the geographical curiosity in two ways. Firstly, it questions the primary function of airports, which become unidentified spatial objects that need to be redefined. Secondly, the concept of airport city questions the city itself. Indeed, what makes a city a city on a material (urbanity) and conceptual (“citadinity”) level? Can a space with urban functions be considered as a city? Is the airport city only a functional city? By assessing the geographical relevance of the concept of airport city, this thesis aims at making the concepts of urbanity and “citadinity” operational concepts, so as to compare them with the airport ground. By adjusting the observation scale to the whole airport area, it also replaces the airport at the centre of the geographical study. Thus, the airport is not simply viewed as a terminal. Finally, this thesis aims at understanding the whole airport society’s spatiality (passengers, employees, accompanying people, homeless people…) by assessing the concept of “citadinity"

The project solves a multifunctional Duma building in a vacant lot, contemplated the construction site is located in Carlsbad, in the street Vyhlíce. This is a protected site spa. Part of the project's layout and structural design of the house. It is a six-storey house with an attic and a basement floor. It is designed as a free-standing in the gap as the final house. The layout is divided into two complete units with their own input. There are spaces for business and residential units for permanent housing. Part of the living area are also room house equipment. Inputs to both parts are wheelchair accessible. The house is not wheelchair The house is designed as a brick building of brick masonry Porotherm the module dimensions of 250 (125) mm with reinforced concrete ceilings. Roofed by a hipped roof. The house is located on a private plot of 519 m2 built-up area of 221 m2. The land is gently sloping. The main orientation of the building to the cardinal's east and west. The south wall is adjacent to the neighboring house.

The desire to enhance and make ourselves better is not a new one and it has continued to intrigue throughout the ages. Individuals have continued to seek ways to improve and enhance their well-being for example through nutrition, physical exercise, education and so on. Crucial to this improvement of their well-being is improving their ability to remember. Hence, people interested in improving their well-being, are often interested in memory as well. The rationale being that memory is crucial to our well-being. The desire to improve one’s memory then is almost certainly as old as the desire to improve one’s well-being. Traditionally, people have used different means in an attempt to enhance their memories: for example in learning through storytelling, studying, and apprenticeship. In remembering through practices like mnemonics, repetition, singing, and drumming. In retaining, storing and consolidating memories through nutrition and stimulants like coffee to help keep awake; and by external aids like notepads and computers. In forgetting through rituals and rites. Recent scientific advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology, molecular biology, neuroscience, and information technologies, present a wide variety of technologies to enhance many different aspects of human functioning. Thus, some commentators have identified human enhancement as central and one of the most fascinating subject in bioethics in the last two decades. Within, this period, most of the commentators have addressed the Ethical, Social, Legal and Policy (ESLP) issues in human enhancements as a whole as opposed to specific enhancements. However, this is problematic and recently various commentators have found this to be deficient and called for a contextualized case-by-case analysis to human enhancements for example genetic enhancement, moral enhancement, and in my case memory enhancement (ME). The rationale being that the reasons for accepting/rejecting a particular enhancement vary depending on the enhancement itself. Given this enormous variation, moral and legal generalizations about all enhancement processes and technologies are unwise and they should instead be evaluated individually. Taking this as a point of departure, this research will focus specifically on making a case for ME and in doing so assessing the ESLP implications arising from ME. My analysis will draw on the already existing literature for and against enhancement, especially in part two of this thesis; but it will be novel in providing a much more in-depth analysis of ME. From this perspective, I will contribute to the ME debate through two reviews that address the question how we enhance the memory, and through four original papers discussed in part three of this thesis, where I examine and evaluate critically specific ESLP issues that arise with the use of ME. In the conclusion, I will amalgamate all my contribution to the ME debate and suggest the future direction for the ME debate.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
衛生教育學系在職進修碩士班
95
T County younger children’s home-living safety situation Hsu Chih-pen Abstract The purpose of this study is to conduct, with developing “Questionnaire for T County younger children’s home-living safety situation”, surveys and analyses from such aspects as younger children’s home-living safety knowledge, younger children’s home-living safety attitude, management behavior of younger children’s home-living environment, younger children’s home-living safety environment facilities and improving willingness for younger children’s home-living safety environment; through demographic characters of the subjects and the above analyses, we explore the distribution of dangerous factors of T County younger children’s home-living safety; and we compare the differences between urban and rural T County younger children’s home-living safety situations in households. We set the parents of kindergartens and nurseries in T County as the samples and adopt stratified cluster random sampling setting class as the unit of a cluster and we draw 3600 parents as the samples. After conducting statistic analysis towards the collected data we have the important conclusions as follows: I. As for management behavior of younger children’s home-living environment, it’ frequently fair, but the parents have very low points of younger children’s home-living safety knowledge with the correct answer rate as only 52.38%; as for younger children’s home-living safety attitude, it performs a low dangerous perception towards unsafe situation so that, among 19 unsafe situations, there are only 5 that are considered over 50% of the probability of younger children’s incidental injuries by the parents, especially for “while I’m busy and no other people who can help, I let the other children under 12 accompany or play with” or “using the time when the children are sleeping at home to go out for business”, most of the parents think their probabilities of danger are low and very low . II. As for younger children’s home-living environment facilities, among 10 fundamental important facilities, over 30% of the parents who don’ t have 5 of them, especially 49.7% of the families which don’ t achieve “post emergency telephone numbers of something like medical agencies at around telephone set or other apparent spots”. But what’s conforming is that there are 53.6% of the parents who are willing to improve this within one month to reach the preparatory period; but for the other items, the percentage of the parents who are willing to improve within one month is low. For those parents who are willing to improve this within one month, we may provide them with information of improving program to lower their improving obstruct; while for those who have no improving willingness in a half year, we should reinforce their safety perception. III. In T County, averagely each child will get injury 0.13 times every week. When the home-living injuries happened to children, 8.7% of them are staying alone; only 10.77% of parents took first aid-related classes of whom each one took only 0.16 hours of first aid classes during 2 years. Since there’s a salient correlation between parents’ children’s home-living safety attitude and first aid classes they took, we should open more classes related to prevention of children’s home-living safety incidents and first aid. IV. The score the male parents got on children’s home-living safety environment facility was 0.233 points more than the female parents; the older the age, the lower the “children’s home-living safety knowledge”; the lower the education degree, the lower the “children’s home-living safety knowledge”; the score the married subjects got on “children’s home-living safety environment facility” was 0.444 points more than the unmarried subjects; the score the subjects who live in cities got on “children’s home-living safety knowledge” was 0.119 points higher than the subjects who live in rural areas; the score the families with injured children got on “children’s home-living safety environment facility” was 0.5 points more than the families without injured children and 5.492 points less than the latter on “children’s home-living safety environment management behavior”; the score the parents who took first aid classes got on “children’s home-living safety attitude” was 7.151 points more than the parents who took first aid classes and 1.814 points more than the latter on “children’s home-living safety environment management behavior”. V. The salient factors influencing younger children’s home-living safety knowledge include “the parents age” “education degree” and “parent’s cities of villages and towns in the residence”；The salient factors influencing children’s home-living safety attitude include “child’s sex” “education degree” and “if took first aid classes”; The salient factors influencing children’s home-living safety environment facility include “parent’s sex”, “parent’s marital status”, “number of male children and female children in the family”, “place type where the subject lives” and “If any children got injured within one week” ; The salient factors influencing children’s home-living safety management behavior include “parent’s marital status”, “number of male children and female children in the family”, “place type where the subject lives”. Keywords: younger children, younger children’s home-living safety

碩士
中華大學
電機工程學系
105
The purpose of this study is to build a private cloud monitoring system for living environment and home safety. It is used to monitor the indoor and outdoor living environment, but also to detect the human activities in the room. When the indoor environment sensing or human activity monitoring has detected any abnormal status, the proposed system issued the alarm, immediately. When the outdoor air quality is poor, the proposed system can remind users to do the appropriate protection before going out. The proposed system are divided into four subsystems, these four parts are based on MTK Linkit ONE development boards, were placed in the living room, room, kitchen, and balcony. The subsystem in the living room are integrated with a temperature and humidity sensor, a dust sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, and a human-body infrared sensor. The subsystems in the room are integrated with a temperature and humidity sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a smoke and harmful gas sensor, and a human-body infrared sensor. The subsystems in the kitchen are integrated with a temperature and humidity sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a smoke and harmful gas sensor, and a flame sensor. The subsystems in the balcony are integrated with a temperature and humidity sensor, a dust sensor, and a smoke and harmful gas sensor. Each sensing subsystem uploads the monitoring data to the cloud using Wi-Fi wireless communications. It can also be connected directly to the Android smartphone by Bluetooth wireless interface for real-time monitoring data display. The developed Android application software can remotely capture the sensing data of our proposed system by linking the cloud storage. The smartphone will also directly connect to any sensing subsystem for real-time sensing data monitoring. The proposed scheme is able to improve the quality of life while improving home safety.

碩士
吳鳳科技大學
消防研究所
101
In Taiwan, the home fire safety for elderly gradually be taken seriously since the trend of aging population and low birth rate. In this study, questionnaire was implemented to visit elderly in order to understand their risk factors around the living environments. Survey results were analyzed using PASW Statistics software for fire warning and prevention capabilities. The results showed that most of elderly people living alone have the bad habit on using electrical appliances. Electrical fires are one of the major causes for fires in Taiwan. This study investigated the influence on temperature and current values of the extension cords in different bundling mode. The test results show that the temperatures of extension cord will rise sharply in the whole bundle tied and are dangerous on home fire safety. The results are organized for elderly behavior patterns, including statistical patterns of residential buildings, daily use hot source type, the use of fire and electricity habits, the concept of evacuation in the fire accident, installation situations of water heater and settings and usage of residential fire alarm, etc. The results can be assessed about likelihood of fire in elderly residential.

This thesis is an exploration of the daily realities of childhood in the Johannesburg inner city, investigating how the children understand and negotiate the possible dangers and probable safeties of the inner city. Growing up in the inner city is an image few think is possible. However, throughout my research I will argue for a conceptualisation of childhood that speaks to the urban public spaces in the Johannesburg inner city and an inner city that speaks to the a new childhood in South Africa. I have used danger and safety negotiation as the bridge between studies of the Johannesburg inner city and studies of a South African childhood, and as a bridge in the gap between theories on childhood and theories on the city. I investigate the ways that the children negotiate the everyday dangers in the city and develop practices of safety, and how these practices and avoidance techniques speak to the reality of living in the inner city. The very nature of the congested inner city offers a freedom that many suburban childhoods lack, and that the children experience an independent mobility within an infamously dangerous space speaks to the changes within the inner city often hidden behind the skewed opinion of many of the Johannesburg inner city. I make a claim that the inner city offers more freedom of mobility that is expected. This mobility is a relatively simple and well practiced form of creating visibility within the pedestrian congestion of the city. These practises of visibility, I argue, is heavily reliant on the layout of the inner city and the ways in which children understand the dangers that face them. As such, their safety practices are a complex network of sharing cautionary stories and avoidance techniques. For most children, this environment is also the only space that they know and therefore, what to outsiders might seem a dangerous, chaotic and confusing space is to the children just their everyday experience. These are the stories about which I write.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
95
Incited by aging society and low fertility, our compatriots have to face the issue of senior citizen''s welfare. Among them, taking care of elderly living alone seems to be the most important one; and if we do not handle it carefully it may become a social problem. Nevertheless, because of limited human resources it worth our thinking on how we utilize information technology to assist the nursing personnel and their families. 　 Research indicated that elder''s process and transformation from healthy to sick state is not easily be conscious of, but it always reflects in the changing daily behaviors. Therefore, this thesis used activities of daily living as the criteria of judging whether they are in normal state or not, utilized Neuro-Molecular System as the framework, operated it in the development platform of embedded system and then compared the identification rate of it with Back-Propagation Network and decision tree. 　 This research proved that operating Neuro-Molecular System in ARM9 embedded system development platform was feasible and made it become an intelligent computing core module. In the future, persons of multi disciplines can cooperate together and extend the application field of this research based on this core module.

The thunderstorm encroaches, the smoky raven like clouds float over my spirit. This writing takes place at a time of mourning, a deep and lonesome sadness for family relations who have passed over the last few years, many having died of kidney disease. Yet, I cannot escape this feeling that has filled the silent spaces and the deeper meanings that lie behind spoken words. These are the words of my relations, the words that fill these empty pages, the words of an enduring past and present. As I begin, I wonder, how will I shape these passages into an articulation that may bring an illumination of all that has happened over the last few months since the inception and then ethics approval of this work. So here I shall offer an understanding of the background that brought this study forward. I will recount the progression of thought that precipitated the methodology. Like water that flows and is fluid, this writing has become realized to be ever changing, boundless and repelling conventionality. It is not just a story about living with kidney disease, this is a passage that motions and travels through history making interconnections amidst the broader social, political and contextually traditional and creative ways of being. Through the methodology of the sweetgrass porcupine quill box, living stories came forth within the context of a First Nations community. Sharing circles involving ten participants conveyed the living stories of kidney disease that illumined the significance of Indigenous Knowledge, relationality, cultural safety and equitable access.
Graduate
2020-04-19

In 1960 the Toronto Board of Education opened its first residential outdoor education centre, the Toronto Island Natural Science School, which signaled the beginning of an outdoor education movement in the city. By the mid-1980s the school boards and conservation authorities of Metropolitan Toronto had opened 12 residential outdoor education centres to serve Toronto public school students. This thesis seeks to explain why these programs were developed at this time and in this place. It finds that these programs fit into a broader ‘modernizing antimodernism’ paradigm which shaped many similar formal and informal educational programs in the twentieth century, and argues that democratic citizenship education was the major factor that was used to justify and shape them. This democratic citizenship education had three main components: education for democratic living, education for productive use of leisure time, and education for the environment, each of which is explored in depth.

碩士
義守大學
資訊管理學系
105
In the face of the campus security in the prosperous society, the security problem is becoming more and more serious. The news media reports that the safety of the campus and the campus safety is frequent. Therefore, the professional accomplishment of the campus security problem is the key to reduce the number of students'' Management level to carry out campus safety management, in order to effectively improve the professional quality and handling capacity. The main focus of the work is: "To maintain campus safety", "Student life and counseling"and"National defense teaching", The purpose of this study is to understand the private vocational school in Kaohsiung City. The effectiveness of military training instructors teachers and administrators, and the safety of campus security can be compared with the Kaohsiung City Vocational College students on the military training instructors and teachers and administrators. For the effectiveness of campus safety maintenance, according to the purpose of the study and research framework, I use SPSS (Satistical Package for the Social Science) statistical suite of software as an analysis tool, to select the appropriate method to verify and verify the use of the method, hypothesis, and the correct treatment of the study to explore the problem. The results will be provided to the teaching and school administrative units to further reference and understanding. Questionnaire issued 200 copies, depending on the number of valid questionnaires, and I use SPSS software to perform statistical analysis. Future studies suggest that the questionnaire population can be extended to different academic institutions, with larger areas of study to students or other counties (southern, central and northern regions). Future researchers, if they can take the form of research, to make up for the lack of quantitative research, supplemented by the study of living in the way, they can get real facts.

Elderly people need regular healthcare services and, several times, are dependent of physicians’ personal attendance. This dependence raises several issues to elders, such as, the need to travel and mobility support. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) and Mobile Health (m-Health) services and applications offer good healthcare solutions that can be used both on indoor and in mobility environments. This dissertation presents an ambient assisted living (AAL) solution for mobile environments. It includes elderly biofeedback monitoring using body sensors for data collection offering support for remote monitoring. The used sensors are attached to the human body (such as the electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and temperature). They collect data providing comfort, mobility, and guaranteeing efficiency and data confidentiality. Periodic collection of patients’ data is important to gather more accurate measurements and to avoid common risky situations, like a physical fall may be considered something natural in life span and it is more dangerous for senior people. One fall can out a life in extreme cases or cause fractures, injuries, but when it is early detected through an accelerometer, for example, it can avoid a tragic outcome. The presented proposal monitors elderly people, storing collected data in a personal computer, tablet, or smartphone through Bluetooth. This application allows an analysis of possible health condition warnings based on the input of supporting charts, and real-time bio-signals monitoring and is able to warn users and the caretakers. These mobile devices are also used to collect data, which allow data storage and its possible consultation in the future. The proposed system is evaluated, demonstrated and validated through a prototype and it is ready for use. The watch Texas ez430-Chronos, which is capable to store information for later analysis and the sensors Shimmer who allow the creation of a personalized application that it is capable of measuring biosignals of the patient in real time is described throughout this dissertation.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina
Introdução: O transplante hepático em contexto pediátrico é o tratamento de escolha para crianças com doença hepática terminal (end-stage liver disease - ESLD). A incidência ESLD pediátrica está a aumentar, tal como o número de crianças em lista de espera para transplantação hepática. Desde 1991, o número de enxertos de fígado de dadores vivos não consegue acompanhar o número de transplantações necessárias, principalmente devido à desinformação dos doadores.Métodos: Para este estudo, foram analisados ​​retrospectivamente 18 anos de transplante de fígado de doadores vivos (LDLT), correspondendo a 28 procedimentos bem sucedidos. Os dados dos dadores foram recolhidos e analisados, e os resultados cirúrgicos foram categorizados de acordo com a Classificação de Complicações Cirúrgicas de Clavien. Além disso, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com foco nos fatores que podem interferir no prognóstico cirúrgico do dador. Os preditores de prognóstico foram agrupados e organizados em três categorias: pré, intra e pós-operatórios.Resultados: Vinte e oito por cento (n = 8) dos dadores tiveram complicações cirúrgicas. De acordo com a classificação de Clavien, 2 doadores tiveram complicações major (grau Clavien ≥ 3); 4 dadores tiveram complicações de grau 2 e 2 dadores tiveram complicações de grau 1. A presente série não reporta mortalidade. A revisão da literatura sugere que dados importantes pré-operatórios a analisar são idade e sexo do dador, tabagismo, obesidade e esteatose hepática, concentrações de albumina, enzimologia hepática (Fosfatase Alcalina, Transaminase glutâmico-oxalacética e transaminase glutâmico pirúvica), estado de coagulação, variações da anatomia vascular e urgência do procedimento. Fatores intra-operatórios importantes são a transfusão de sangue, hipotensão, volume de fígado remanescente, duração da hepatectomia, tipo de hepatectomia e incisão na parede abdominal. Técnicas recentes como o uso de cirurgia invasiva mínima do fígado, infusão de Propofol e Terlipressina, modulação da pressão da veia Porta, "Softcoagulation" e "Bloodless hepatectomy" podem melhorar o resultado pós-cirúrgico do dador. Deve também ser dada a devida consideração como um preditor de mau resultado cirúrgico a existência Hiperbilirrubinemia pós-operatória e aumento da INR.Conclusões: A série do CHUC mostra que a hepatectomia do dador no P-LDLT é um procedimento seguro e viável, sem mortalidade. Ao avaliar um potencial dador, a avaliação de preditores de mau prognóstico deve ser feita com o objetivo de excluir pacientes em que seja previsível o aparecimento de morbilidade e diminuir as taxas de complicações cirúrgicas. Tendo em conta o preceito "Primum non nocere", a morbilidade global deve ser reduzida, diminuindo assim a relutância do doente, o que pode contribuir para uma maior disponibilidade de órgãos e maior utilização de LDLT.(Tradução de Abstract original escrito em Inglês)
Introduction: Pediatric liver transplantation is the state-of-the-art treatment for children with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Pediatric ESLD incidence is increasing and so is the number of children enlisted for liver transplant. Since 1991 the number of liver grafts from living donors could not keep up with the demand, mostly due to donor misinformation.Methods: For this study, 18 years of Living Donor Liver Transplant (LDLT) were retrospectively analysed, matching 28 successfully procedures. Donor’s data were collected, and surgical outcomes were categorized according to Clavien’s Classification of Surgical Complications. Furthermore, a bibliographical review focusing on the factors that can interfere with the donor’s operative prognosis was performed. These poor outcome predictors were collected and organized into 3 categories: pre-, intra- and postoperative.Results: Twenty-eight per cent (n=8) of donors had surgical complications. According to Clavien’s classification, 2 donors had major complications (Clavien grade ≥3); 4 donors had grade 2 complications and 2 donors had grade 1 complications. The present series reports no mortality. Literature review suggests that pre-operative important data gathered is donor’s age and sex, smoking habits, obesity and hepatic steatosis, albumin concentrations, liver blood tests (Alkaline Phosphatase, Alanine Transaminase and Aspartate Transaminase), coagulation status, vascular anatomy variations and procedure urgency. Intra-operative important factors are blood transfusion, hypotension, remnant liver volume, hepatectomy length, type of hepatectomy and abdominal wall incision. Recent techniques as the use of minimal invasive liver surgery, Propofol and Terlipressin infusion, Portal vein pressure modulation, “softcoagulation” and bloodless donor hepatectomy may improve donor post-surgical outcome. Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia and increased INR should also be given due consideration as a predictor of poor surgical outcome.Conclusions: CHUC’s series shows that donor hepatectomy in P-LDLT is a safe and feasible procedure, without mortality. When assessing a potential donor, poor outcome predictors assessment should be done aiming to exclude patients and decrease surgical complication rates. Bearing in mind the Primum non nocere precept regarding donation, overall morbidity should be reduced, thus decreasing patient reluctance which may contribute to greater availability of organs and wider use of LDLT.

碩士
國立成功大學
工業設計學系
105
Users express their preference and value through what they use such as products. Likewise, products show owner’s or user’s personal image in addition to function and aesthetics. This concept is what the authors define as “Product Identity Image (PII)”. However, if a given product has its particular identity image, people are able to, through the product, speculate the user’s personal information such as gender, age, occupation, economic status, and beauty, all of which may induce to commit a crime. Therefore, this research studies PII, taking products in public space of five women each of which lives alone as an example. Based on interviews with 25 participants, this paper proposes three ways to ensure safety for the five female subjects. For ensuring safety, three ways can be applied: (1) placing several night out shoes with different styles or removing all of them to the inside; (2) placing at least one pair of male slippers; and (3) hiding seductive shoes. The result of tests examines that the first two ways effectively influence participants’ speculation on PII and still fit each subject’s fashion style. This research also concludes that (1) there is no significant difference between speculation done by male and female participants. (2) Men are more capable to identify cohabitation. (3) Age can be easily speculated. (4) It is difficult to speculate beauty through shoe products. (5) The number of different shoe styles reveal the number of tenants. And (6) a specific single style may reveal the fact that there is a woman living alone.

Bivalves play a marked role in coastal marine ecosystems, impacting primary productivity with a strong top-down control on phytoplankton communities. In addition, they are an important food source for higher trophic levels, including humans. However, bivalves can be impaired by several external factors, either biotic or abiotic, natural or anthropogenic. Exposure to these stressors, coupled with intensive farming, raised the need for adequate management of the wild populations and farmed production. To improve the difficult balance between ecological and socio-economic interests, it must be investigated how bivalves cope with external stressors. For this reason, the effects caused by the following stressors were studied in the present thesis: (i) harmful algal blooms (HABs) and (ii) climate change drivers in the seawater, such as warming (W) and acidification (A). HABs are increasing in frequency, intensity, persistence and geographic distribution, but are ambiguous regarding their ecological impacts and physiological effects on bivalves. A strong relationship is emerging between HABs and climate change drivers, what may affect both shellfisheries and wild populations. Hence, the objectives of this work are: 1) To determine whether native and invasive species cope with exposure to HABs differently, providing new insights on species-specificities and ecosystem functioning fragilities in the presence of invasive species and HABs; 2) To evaluate how commercially valuable bivalve species cope with simultaneous exposure to several climate change drives and HABs, providing new insights on how environmental changes affects toxicokinetics, physiological and genotoxic bivalves responses, under HABs; 3) To assess, marine biotoxins bioaccessibility, contributing for new information relevant for risk assessment. Different approaches were used to achieve these goals. Complementary field and laboratory works were performed to assess toxicokinetics patterns of marine biotoxins in native vs. invasive bivalve species. Bivalves were exposed to toxic blooming algae species under climate change scenarios in laboratory controlled conditions to assess toxicokinetics as well as physiological and genotoxic responses. Naturally contaminated bivalves were used to investigate their role as vectors of marine biotoxins to humans through in vitro digestion methodology. Relevant new data were obtained regarding the effects of several marine biotoxins in bivalves. Assessing accumulation of regulated and non-regulated biotoxins in native (Ruditapes decussatus) and invasive (R. philippinarum) clam species from Aveiro Lagoon revealed that higher toxin content, particularly regarding OA-group, the most abundant and frequent toxins in the Portuguese coast, is reached by native species. Accumulation of lower toxin levels by invasive clam may then favour farmers interest for their production. The kinetics and genotoxicity study in native and invasive clams reinforced the existence of species-specific behaviours. Exposure to the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima, an OA and dinophysistoxin-1 producer, increases the pressure over native clams, with higher toxin accumulation and genetic damage, as well as early and increased induction of DNA repair activity. Invasive clams, on the other hand, are better adapted to cope with these challenges. Investigation of the effects of combined exposure to multiple stressors revealed that W, A and HABs alter the accumulation/elimination dynamics of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Lower accumulation levels and slower elimination rates were observed. The predicted climate change scenarios and exposure to HABs may then lead to lower contamination levels but to longer harvesting closures. Simultaneous exposure to altered environmental conditions and HABs also had significant impacts in the antioxidant system and DNA integrity, resulting in an organ-specific modulation of the antioxidant response, increasing genetic damage and preventing/retarding DNA damage repair. However, the DNA damage observed seems to be non-oxidative. While the investigation of factors enhancing the elimination of toxins was not a main objective of this study, it was shown that acidification might promote PSP toxins elimination in mussels. Finally, the bioaccessibility studies revealed a significant reduction in the OA group content available after in vitro digestion, suggesting an overestimation of exposure to these biotoxins and an over-conservative approach in safety levels definition and risk assessment studies. This was the first study assessing bioaccessibility of OA-group toxins, pointing to in vitro digestion as a promising tool to obtain accurate data regarding toxin ingestion from bivalves to the consumer. Overall, the complexity of the relation between HABs, bivalves and the environmental factors to consider in marine biotoxins management is increasing, and only continuous and extensive monitoring of environmental, biological and anthropogenic conditions may allow for a healthier balance between environmental and socio-economic interests.
Os bivalves desempenham um papel fundamental nos ecossistemas marinhos costeiros, limitando a produtividade primária através de um forte mecanismo de controlo descendente (top-down) sobre as comunidades fitoplanctónicas e constituindo uma importante fonte de alimento para níveis tróficos superiores, incluindo o Homem. No entanto, os bivalves são afetados negativamente por diversos fatores externos, sejam estes bióticos ou abióticos, naturais ou antropogénicos. A exposição a estes fatores, juntamente com a exploração intensiva, leva a que seja necessária a implementação de uma gestão adequada, quer das populações selvagens, quer da produção em viveiros. Para melhorar esta gestão e alcançar o difícil equilíbro entre os interesses ecológicos e socioeconómicos é então necessário entender como os bivalves lidam com estes fatores. Na presente tese foram estudados os efeitos provocados por (i) blooms de algas tóxicas (HABs do inglês harmful algal blooms) e (ii) alterações das condições climáticas da água do mar, nomeadamente o aumento da temperatura (W) e acidificação (A). Os HABs são fenómenos que estão a aumentar em frequência, intensidade, persistência e abrangência geográfica, mas cujos impactos ecológicos e efeitos fisiológicos em bivalves são ainda ambíguos. Concomitantemente com a pressão causada pelo aumento da procura de bivalves como alimento para as populações humanas, fortes indícios apontam para uma relação entre a ocorrência de HABs e os parâmetros de alterações climáticas, o que pode afectar quer a indústria, quer as populações de bivalves selvagens. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho são: 1) Determinar se as espécies nativas e invasoras lidam com a exposição a HABs de maneira diferente, dando particular atenção às respostas específicas de cada espécie e às fragilidades do ecossistema em relação à presença de espécies invasoras e ocorrência dos referidos blooms; 2) Avaliar como espécies de bivalves de elevado valor comercial lidam com a exposição simultânea a alterações climáticas e HABs, focando o efeito destas modificações ambientais na toxicocinética, respostas fisiológicas e genotoxicidade exibida pelos bivalves; 3) Avaliar a bioacessibilidade das biotoxinas marinhas, focando a obtenção de informação relevante para estudos de avaliação de risco. Foram realizados trabalhos complementares de campo e laboratório, de modo a avaliar os padrões de toxicocinética de biotoxinas marinhas em espécies nativas e invasoras. Em laboratório, foram expostos bivalves a algas tóxicas em condições alteradas, simulando a ocorrência de HABs sob cenários previstos de alterações climáticas, de modo a avaliar toxicocinética, respostas fisiológicas e genotoxicidade. Exemplares naturalmente contaminados foram utilizados para investigar o papel dos bivalves como vectores de biotoxinas marinhas para humanos, através da simulação da digestão in vitro. O estudo da acumulação de biotoxinas marinhas regulamentadas e não regulamentadas em espécies de amêijoa nativa (Ruditapes decussatus) e invasora (R. philippinarum) na Ria de Aveiro revelou que a espécie nativa acumula, recorrentemente, concentrações de toxinas mais elevadas, particularmente no que toca a toxinas grupo do ácido ocadaico (OA do inglês Okadaic acid), sendo estas as toxinas mais abundantes e frequentes na costa Portuguesa. A acumulação de menores concentrações por parte da amêijoa invasora pode promover o interesse dos produtores na sua exploração. A avaliação da cinética e da genotoxicidade em amêijoas nativas e invasoras reforçou a existência de comportamentos específicos para cada espécie. A exposição a Prorocentrum lima, dinoflagelado produtor de OA e dinofisistoxina 1, aumenta a pressão sobre a espécie nativa, uma vez que esta apresenta as concentrações de toxina mais elevadas, os maiores níveis de dano genético e ainda uma indução mais precoce e intensa dos mecanismos de reparação de dano no ADN. A espécie invasora, por outro lado, está melhor adaptada para lidar com estes desafios. O estudo dos efeitos de fatores múltiplos combinados revelou que a exposição a W, A e HABs altera a dinâmica de acumulação/eliminação de toxinas paralisantes (PSP) em mexilhões (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Os cenários previstos de alterações climáticas e a exposição a HABs sugerem níveis de contaminação mais baixos, mas períodos de interdição de apanha mais prolongados. A exposição simultânea a condições ambientais alteradas e HABs também teve um impacto significativo no sistema antioxidante e na integridade do ADN, resultando numa modulação da resposta antioxidante especifica para cada órgão, aumentando o dano genético e prevenindo/atrasando a sua reparação. O dano encontrado no ADN parece, no entanto, não ser oxidativo. Embora a investigação de fatores que favoreçam a rápida eliminação de toxinas não constasse dos objetivos deste estudo, foi demonstrado que a acidificação pode promover a eliminação de toxinas PSP em mexilhões. Por último, os estudos de bioacessibilidade revelaram uma redução na quantidade de toxinas do grupo-OA disponível após a digestão in vitro, sugerindo uma sobrestimação da exposição a estas biotoxinas e recomendando uma abordagem conservadora na definição dos níveis de segurança e na subsequente avaliação do risco. Este foi o primeiro estudo a determinar a bioacessibilidade das toxinas do grupo-OA e sugere a técnica de digestão in vitro como uma ferramenta promissora na obtenção de dados rigorosos no que diz respeito à ingestão de toxinas através de bivalves e a acessibilidade destes compostos no organismo humano. De um modo geral, a complexidade da relação entre HABs, bivalves e os fatores ambientais a serem considerados na gestão de biotoxinas marinhas está a aumentar, e apenas uma contínua e extensiva monitorização das condições ambientais, biológicas e antropogénicas pode permitir um melhor equilíbrio entre os interesses ambientais e socio-económicos.
Programa Doutoral em Ciência, Tecnologia e Gestão do Mar

A distressing consequence of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and of the increasing numbers of orphans and decreasing numbers of caregivers is the emergence in ever larger numbers of child-headed households (CHHs). The complexity of issues affecting CHHs and the lack of research on this subject means that CHHs are not well understood. This sometimes prompts support agencies to provide emotionally driven recommendations suggesting that it is better for a child to be in an orphanage than to live in a CHH. This exploratory study, involving heads of 105 CHHs over a 12 month period and 142 participants in various focus group discussions (FGD) and interviews, suggests the need for a change in perspective. It addresses the question of CHH quality of life, coping strategies and household functioning and attempts to bring this into a productive dialogue with community child care activities, NGO and statutory support and child care and protection policies. Research data suggests that the key determining factor contributing towards the creation of a CHH is `pre-parental illness' family conflict. Another contributing factor is that siblings want to stay together after parental death. Quality of life assessments indicate that despite significant adversities, over 69% of CHHs reported a 'medium' to 'satisfactory' quality of life and demonstrate high levels of resilience. As regards vulnerability to abuse, it is found that while CHH members are more vulnerable to external abuse, they experience little within their household. Contrary to public perceptions about CHHs lacking moral values, CHH behaviour might actually be more responsible than non-CHH peer behaviour as their negative experiences appear to galvanize them into adopting responsible behaviour. Community care and neighbourhood support in older townships are better established compared with newer suburbs. Sufficient community care capacity enables CHHs to function, thus avoiding a situation where households disintegrate and household members end up as street children. CHH coping responses seem to be mainly influenced by individual and community factors, and by social, spiritual and material support. The interplay between these and the CHH's ability to engage in the required coping task impacts on the coping outcome at household level. National and international government and non-governmental child service providers in Southern Africa need to recognize that an adequately supported CHH is an acceptable alternative care arrangement for certain children in communities with high adult AIDS mortality and where adult HIV-prevalence exceeds 10%.
Development Studies
D. Ltt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

碩士
國立中正大學
高齡者教育研究所
100
The Effectiveness of Safe Exercise Cognition Curriculum for Elderly People Living in Communities Abstract This study discusses the learning effectiveness of safe exercise cognition curriculum for elderly people living in communities. Employing a quasi-experimental research method, we recruited 47 people over 65 years of age from two communities in the Minxiong Township of Chiayi County, and used purposive sampling to divide the participants into an experimental group and a control group. Safe exercise cognition curriculum intervention was implemented with 90-min lessons once per week for five weeks. The goal was to develop a safe exercise cognition curriculum suitable for elderly people living in communities, explore whether curriculum intervention improved safe exercise cognition, and conduct curriculum effectiveness evaluations. We used a safe exercise cognition scale to conduct a pretest and posttest for quantified data. We also employed observation and interview methods to collect qualitative data. The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows based on research results: 1. Elderly people living in communities can learn through diverse safe exercise content, and interesting and lively teaching methods and materials. (1) Safe exercise cognition curriculum suitable for elderly people living in communities can be designed considering various aspects, such as the curriculum content, teaching materials, instructional methods, community environments, pre-lesson exercises, and the proper use of community resources. (2) The curriculum content must be professional and easy to comprehend. We suggest starting lessons with simple language and pictures. (3) The teaching materials and instructional methods must be tailored to the characteristics of elderly people. Using interesting and lively methods can increase elderly people’s attention and learning effectiveness. (4) Appropriate community exercise environments include planning the exercise environment and how facilities are used. Pre-lesson exercises can be incorporated into safe exercise cognition curriculum content to enable elderly people living in communities to understand how to practice safe exercise knowledge in actual life. (5) Proper use of community resources should consider to increase exercise utilization times, more younger people be allowed to enter communities, and train professional community exercise volunteers. The curriculum design includes simple instructional content and gradual training in conjunction with video tape instruction. 2. Curriculum learning effectiveness (1) Curriculum participation rate: The experimental group comprised 24 participants and the average curriculum participation rate exceeded 60%. However, the participation rates for three curriculum lessons did not reach the average value. A possible reason for this was scheduling the curriculum intervention at break or rest times, thereby inducing decreased learning willingness. In addition, factors such as poor physical conditions for elderly people, participation in community activities, and visits with children influenced the participanting times. (2) Safe exercise cognition: The participants’ safe exercise cognition performance was determined using descriptive statistics and the results of differential analysis. The performance of experimental group improved after the intervention; however, they did not reach the level of significance (p > .05). Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the experimental group and the control group (p > .05). This may be because the experimental group possessed considerably favorable health-related knowledge. Other factors, such as the low discrimination of the cognitiative scale, low difficulty degree, short curriculum intervention duration, and the participants’ low education level, were likely to have also influenced the increase in the participants’ total score for safe exercise cognition. (3) Changing safe exercise behavior and attitudes: After participating in the safe exercise cognition curriculum, the participants had an improved understanding of how to perform exercise safely. The participants also exhibited slight changes in their safe exercise behavior and attitudes, particularly regarding the use of reflective tape and exercise clothing. The participants paid more attention to exercising safely and performed exercise depending on one’s health conditions. Finally, based on the research findings, we proposed suggestions for future studies and the design of safe exercise curriculum.

This study described sexual behaviours among adolescents living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Zimbabwe. This study utilised a quantitative descriptive design. Data was collected using structured questionnaires from 341 adolescents living with HIV. Findings revealed that some adolescents were sexually active and had early onset of sexual activity (before their sixteenth birthday). A good proportion of sexually active adolescents were noted not to practise safer sex and the main reason was condom inaccessibility and some had multiple sex partners. Factors independently associated with being sexually active included exposure to erotic content on television programmes, having a psychiatric diagnosis, discussions of sexuality with health worker and older age. Adolescents` behaviours living with HIV and the issue of availability of condoms may play a part in the spread of HIV. More discussions and research on sexuality of adolescents are recommended
Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)

碩士
中華科技大學
建築工程與環境設計研究所
99
According to official population statistics, since 1993, Taiwan had entered aging society (above 65 years old people exceed 7% of whole population). While the changing of social structure and the coming of aging society, the elderly could not get proper and enough care at home as before. Increasing tendency is to keep the elderly in intermediate care facility. Safe care is basic responsibility of intermediate care facility. Intelligent auxiliary device could be helpful to offer safe care and improve quality of life of the elderly in intermediate care facility. This study is to explore the space scale demand and intelligent auxiliary device that can be applied on safe care in intermediate care facility. The intelligent auxiliary devices include fall detector, toilet light, emergent call system. These intelligent auxiliary devices, in consideration of privacy and user’s habit, could help the elderly lives more independently, could much reduce the care giver labor burden in intermediate care facility. The study shows that present space design lacks the consideration of the operation space for care giver. Present regulation of space demand only include the space for the elderly, did not include the operation space while care giver is helping the elderly. This study result synthesized total space demand of the intermediate care facility. This space scale can be also applied to other long term care facility. Hope it could be the reference to the designer for long term care facility and legislator who might make future revise on the regulation of the space scale of long term care facility.

Sendo o aumento de população idosa, um dos problemas demográficos que acarreta maiores preocupações actualmente, foi criado a nível europeu um programa intitulado Ambient Assisted Living que tem como objectivo desenvolver soluções um ambiente mais seguro e acolhedor às pessoas idosas. Assim podem viver de forma mais autónoma e sem perda de privacidade. O desafio deste projecto foi tirar partido de uma tecnologia em alta no mercado, que é o comando da consola Wii, e conseguir deste modo torna-lo útil dentro do conceito do Ambient Assisted Living. O sistema desenvolvido intitula-se AAL Safe, e tem como funções detectar quedas, monitorizar as actividades da rotina diária assim como calcular o dispêndio energético. O sistema é constituído por um comando da consola Wii que comunica via Bluetooth com um computador, onde os dados são adquiridos e processados. Esta tese fornece uma descrição dos modos de processamento e dos algoritmos desenvolvidos para a detecção da queda, identificação das actividades da rotina diária e cálculo do dispêndio energético, assim como o seu modo de implementação.

As quedas são uma das maiores dificuldades vividas pelos idosos. Estas são a maior causa de lesões e traumas dentro da faixa etária da terceira idade, e isto acoplado ao tempo que os idosos esperam por socorro aumenta o risco de morbilidade e incapacidade nos mesmos. Para tentar solucionar o problema das quedas vamos tirar partido de uma tecnologia recente e de alto nível que é o Wiimote. Este dispõe entre outras coisas de um acelerómetro e através do processamento da aceleração é possível detectar quedas e identificar as diferentes Actividades de Rotina Diária (DRA). Assim o AAL Safe consiste numa prova de conceito que tem como objectivo ser uma solução dinâmica e útil, virada para o utilizador e que monitoriza a sua rotina diária em tempo real e acima de tudo detecta situações de risco como é o caso das quedas, melhorando deste modo o estilo de vida de um idoso. Este documento tem como objectivo descrever o sistema e explicar as diferentes fases do seu desenvolvimento

BACKGROUND: Youth continue to be at high risk for STI and HIV transmission and unplanned pregnancies because of their liberal approach to sexual-health and their susceptibility toward engaging in risky activities. Youth who are street involved face greater risks than their peers because they occasionally participate in behaviours that places them at increased risk; for instance injection drug use, multiples sex partners, low condom use and considerable substance use. However, while street youth are predisposed to engage in many of the situations they do, some street youth are also making decisions to limit risk. OBJECTIVES: To 1) determine the basic level of HIV and STI knowledge of street youth; 2) to understand youth’s knowledge of, access to, and use of sexual-health information; 3) to explore where and from youth would like to get accurate sexual-health information and appropriate care; 4) to determine whether peer education is a useful method of transmitting sexual-health information to youth; 5) to assess the sexual risk level of youth; and 6) to develop an understanding of the proactive sexual-health behaviours and decisions youth have established for themselves. METHODS: Street-involved and homeless youth living in Hamilton, Ontario (n=97) who were between the ages of 14 and 24 were interviewed using a 112 questions interview tool. Topics covered in the interview included demographics, personal safety, health behaviour, accessing sexual-health information, accessing sexual-health services, HIV/AIDS knowledge and services use and peer education. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted using SAS. RESULTS: Youth had high rates of STI and HIV testing and good HIV knowledge when compared to the general youth population. However, the sample also had increased rates of unplanned pregnancies and young women were not well-informed about what gets tested for in pap smears. Some youth are also not accessing sexual-health services at all. CONCLUSIONS: Youth are making attempts to protect themselves, however there are areas for improvement; specifically increased condom-use, knowledge of HIV and pap smears. Youth who were found to have increased risk were youth who were under the age of 19, and youth who had experienced unstable housing before the age of 15. The findings suggest that sexual-health harm reduction needs to start at a younger age and the basics of sexual-health should not be overlooked.

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to understand the facilitators and/or barriers to safer drug use and sexual practices among a sample of young female injection drug users (IDUs) who live in small towns/rural communities in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. This study examined how economic status, relationships, social roles, small town/rural living, and stigma function as facilitators and/or barriers to safer practices. Eight female IDUs aged 20-31, living in small towns/rural communities in Cape Breton, engaged in face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. The women described what day-to-day life is like for female IDUs living in small towns/rural communities. They spoke about managing drug addiction, their understanding of safer and unsafe injection drug use and risky and safer sexual practices, as well as their experiences with services/supports. The information obtained from this study will help to inform harm reduction policy and program initiatives.