Дисертації: "Safety of children's attractions"

1

Семенов, Євгеній Олександрович, та Олександр Олександрович Буров. "До питання безпеки дитячих атракціонів". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/36254.

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Розглянуто стан сучасної проблеми дитячих атракціонів в Україні. Запропоновані заходи, що направлені на підвищення безпеки дитячих атракціонів.
The state of the modern problem of children's attractions in Ukraine is considered. Proposed measures aimed at improving the safety of children's attractions.

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2

Negreiros, Juliana. "Children's perspectives of safety in their neighbourhood." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28472.

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The main purpose of this study was to explore, understand, and describe children’s perspectives of safety in their neighbourhood. Participants included 15 children aged 7 to 9 years, who lived in a neighbourhood in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia characterized by high crime rate and characteristics associated with high vulnerability. The methodology used was symbolic interactionism. Data collection included individual and collective drawing activities and semi-structured group interviews conducted across three group sessions. Field notes and memos were used to document the data analysis process, in addition to peer debriefing sessions. A constant comparison method guided the coding, categorization, and analysis of all data, which were reviewed by a peer audit. Through the social interaction in groups, children co-constructed the meanings of safety, enriching the discussions and expanding the findings. Two interrelated core categories emerged: protective conditions that serve to help the children prevent or avoid risky events. Protective conditions were associated with places and people the children perceived as protective and with protective actions taken and protective accessories used to prevent harm. Risky events included neighbourhood disorder, crime, contact with strangers, and accidents. The fear of exposure to such events could result in harm and, consequently, damage children’s sense of well-being. The dynamic relationship between the obverse meanings of safety -safe and unsafe- contributed to children’s understanding of this concept. It is suggested that the social context where the children live and the social interaction among participants shaped their perspectives of safety. While examples of extreme dangerous situations, descriptions of safety rules taught by adults, and media violence illustrated children’s “negative” perspectives of safety, a few participants indicated that supportive relationships promoted sense of security. Implications of these findings for parents, psychologists, and other professionals working with children suggest efforts to (a) understand and recognize the benefits and risks of teaching children strategies to protect themselves, (b) promote positive and stable relationships within the child’s proximal environments (family, school, and neighbourhood), and (c) reduce situations in the neighbourhood associated with disorder as children perceive themselves as unable to maintain their sense of well-being.

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3

Ampofo-Boateng, Kwame. "Children's perception of safety and danger on the road." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21312.

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This thesis examines aspects of children's road safety awareness in relation to road crossing. The principal concern is with children's ability to discriminate safe from dangerous road crossing sites and their ability to select safe routes to cross the road. The influence of age, sex and specific road environmental features (hedges, bends, junctions, parked cars and zebra crossings) on safety judgements are explored. Children's judgements were obtained in a variety of experimental situations including table-top models, photographic posters and the real-world traffic environment. The results showed no sex differences in children's understanding of road dangers, but very significant age differences. Five and seven year olds used as their main referent the presence or absence of cars on the road to determine whether a situation was safe or dangerous. Other dangers, for example, an obscured view, were ignored. They were also inclined to select the shortest and most direct route as the safest. Nine and eleven year olds by contrast reasoned that even without cars on the road some crossing sites and routes were potentially dangerous because they did not permit an adequate view of the roadway. They also noted more varied and relevant road features in estimating safety and danger. On the basis of the findings, a preliminary training scheme was designed using a large table-top model to see if the younger children's skills could be improved. The results of the training were encouraging; the implications of the findings for child pedestrian research and training are discussed. Other psychological factors which may facilitate or hinder child pedestrians ability to identify safety and danger in traffic are also considered.

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4

Lehman, Galen Richard. "Increasing children's safety belt use: intrinsic versus extrinsic motivators." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53943.

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A field study investigated the relevancy of certain theories in applied psychology for increasing vehicle safety belt use by children. Five different intervention activities applied either extrinsic rewards, or focused on the development of intrinsic motivation (e.g., personal commitment, awareness, active participation). The subjects were 138 children, aged five to eleven years, who attended five 30-min safety belt intervention activities as part of a summer recreation program conducted at three elementary schools. Safety belt use by children and their parents was directly observed and coded by vehicle license number both before and after the interventions. Coupons for free food at a fast food restaurant were distributed to participants by the school personnel, and safety belt use was observed at the restaurant's drive-thru window to assess generalization. The results revealed that participants from all three reward contingency conditions (i.e., rewards for safety belt use, participation, and noncontingent rewards) significantly increased their frequency of safety belt use from the baseline to intervention phase. The parents, although not direct participants in the program, showed similar increases in safety belt use. The increase in safety belt use also generalized to the fast food restaurant for both children and parents; however this effect was transient. Data collected during a three-week withdrawal period indicated that safety belt use decreased slightly among participants rewarded for belt use during the intervention, whereas safety belt use increased slightly for those who received noncontingent rewards or rewards for participation. This finding is consistent with "minimal justification" and "intrinsic motivation" theories and suggests that long-term maintenance and generalization of changes in safety belt use are inversely related to the degree of external control exerted to motivate safety belt use. From an application perspective, this research developed practical community-based interventions for increasing the use of safety belts among children, and demonstrated that behavior change among children may influence the safety belt use of other members in their family.
Ph. D.

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5

Carr, Linda C. "Parents Perception of Safety in Pennsylvania and Children's Activity and Weight." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2311.

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Physical activity is associated with many health benefits to include weight management, lower risk for chronic diseases, and improved mental health and self esteem. The built environment has been linked to lower physical activity levels and overweight and obesity in children living in low income communities but the exact causes need further investigation. The purpose of this quantitative, cross sectional study was to examine the association between parents' perception of safety and body mass index (BMI) percentile and children's physical activity/ inactivity levels and children's BMI as measured by the National Survey of Children's Health (2011/12 NSCH). The sample consisted of low income African American and Hispanic parents and their children between the ages of 6 to 17 (n=109) who live in Pennsylvania. The study used social ecological theory as the theoretical framework. Data analysis included descriptive analysis and Chi square analysis of variables related to safety, physical activity and children's BMI percentile. The results indicated a strong negative correlation of Hispanic parent's perception of safety and their children's BMI percentile, and a moderately negative correlation of African American parents' perception of safety and their children. In addition, a strong negative correlation of Hispanic parent's perception of vandalism and their children's BMI percentile was found. The study contributes to social change by increasing awareness of public health policy makers and officials that parental concerns for safety and vandalism should be considered in the creation of policies geared at reducing unsafe aspects of the community, the design of educational programs for parents and children, and alterations within communities to improve health.

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6

Baillie, Kim Lisa. "Children's representations of sources of safety in a high violence community." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10020.

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Includes abstract.
South African youth are at risk for injury and victimisation and those living in high violence contexts are particularly vulnerable to physical threats. Insight into how children keep themselves safe has immense practical relevance, however little has been documented regarding children's perceived sources of safety. Using the methodology of Photovoice, ten children were recruited from a high violence community to take photographs of "things", "people" and "places" that made them feel safe. Interviews were then conducted with the children about their photographs. Using thematic analysis, photographs were first categorised to identify which sources of safety were most commonly represented by participants. Thereafter, the narratives of participants' photographs were analysed to develop an understanding of how and why these sources of safety were salient. In the analysis of the photographs, public spaces were more frequently represented as safe than private ones. Other children were more frequently identified as sources of safety than adults and there was a prominent concern with physical barriers and home security mechanisms. The analysis of participants' narratives revealed that the above places, people and items afford safety by providing (1) physical security (2) interpersonal connectedness (3) spiritual connectedness; and (4) the improvement of social conditions through the development of infrastructure. These findings are considered in relation to existing literature and recommendations for child safety promotion strategies and for future research are offered.

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7

Kwan, Yee-wan Elsa. "A case study of corporate crime control in Hong Kong : toys and children's products safety control /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13787561.

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8

Straub, Rachel N. "Child safety a comparison of teacher and parent perspectives on the safety needs of children with autism spectrum disorder /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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9

Kwan, Yee-wan Elsa, and 關綺雲. "A case study of corporate crime control in Hong Kong: toys and children's products safety control." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977674.

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10

Ameer, Ahmed. "Safety measures to reduce medication administration errors in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16352.

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Objective: Medicine administration is the last process of the medication cycle. However, errors can happen during this process. Children are at an increased risk from these errors. This has been extensively investigated but evidence is lacking on effective interventions. Therefore, the aim of this research is to propose safety measures to reduce medication administration errors (MAE) in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Method: The research was carried out over five studies; 1) systematic literature review, 2) national survey of PICU medication error interventions, 3) retrospective analysis of medication error incidents, 4) prospective observation of the administration practice, and 5) survey of PICU healthcare professionals' opinions on MAE contributory factors and safety measures. Results: Hospital MAE in children found in literature accounted for a mean of 50% of all reported medication error reports (n= 12552). It was also identified in a mean of 29% of doses observed (n= 8894). This study found MAE retrospectively in 43% of all medication incidents (n= 412). Additionally, a total of 269 MAEs were observed (32% per dose observation). The characteristics of the interventions used to reduce MAE are diverse but it illustrated that a single approach is not enough. Also for an intervention to be a success it is fundamental to build a safety culture. This is achieved by developing a culture of collaborative learning from errors without assigning blame. Furthermore, MAE contributing factors were found to include; interruptions, inadequate resources, working conditions and no pre-prepared infusions. The following safety measures were proposed to reduce MAE; 1) dose banding, 2) improved lighting conditions, 3) decision support tool with calculation aid, 4) use of pre-prepared infusions, 5) enhance the double-checking process, 6) medicine administration checklist, and 7) an intolerant culture to interruption. Conclusion: This is one of the first comprehensive study of to explore MAE in PICU from different perspectives. The aim and objectives of the research were fulfilled. Future research includes the need to implement the proposed safety measures and evaluate them in practice.

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11

Wong, Kwai-shim. "A study of corporate crime control on the supply of unsafe toys and children's products in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649518.

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12

Okoli, Rosemary Chinyere Babylaw. "Children's work : experiences of street vending children and young people in Enugu, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4043.

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Concern for children’s safety and protection has become a global issue and has evoked considerable debate since the publication of the United Nations’ widely ratified Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1989. A dominant theme within this charter and within the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990) is the recognition that children are individuals with rights that need to be respected and protected. More specifically, Article 32 of the UNCRC states that children should be protected from ‘economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful to the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development’. Nigeria has signed and ratified both the UNCRC and the African Charter and has committed itself to ensuring the welfare and protection of its children. This thesis examines children’s work experiences and their interpretations of these against the backdrop of the provisions of the UNCRC and the African charter. The study sets out to explore the meanings of work for itinerant street vending children and young people in Enugu, Nigeria and is based on a combined ethnographic methodology of participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 24 child vendors in marketplaces over a period of six months. It will be argued that contemporary ideas about children’s work are framed by Euro-centric, adult perceptions and definitions of what they think working children are doing, and that the imposition of Western constructions of childhood does not reflect the lived realities of children. Discussions with children revealed, among other things, a contradiction and ambivalence in their understandings of work in relation to vending and an interplay of complex environmental, cultural and poverty factors. In children’s views, taking responsibilities in activities that add positive values to their personal development and to the continued survival of their families was part of their childhood. Whilst street based observations of the markets revealed some fundamental dangers and problems with street vending, especially the reality of physical, social and emotional abuse, these young children have developed robust coping mechanisms and social networks which reflect a blend of definitional adjustments, rationalisation and social bonding and which reveal inadequacies in the enforcement of child protection policies. The tension between these risks and the importance of vending in the lives of the children is discussed. The role and type of work are further examined against dominant cultural values and socio economic realities in Nigeria in an attempt to fully explain the phenomenon of children’s work in this milieu. This study concludes that children’s participation in vending, while at times both ‘hazardous’ and ‘harmful’, is a fact of life and a way of life for children growing up in Nigeria, an integral part of their childhood activity, and a realistic preparation for their future lives and careers. It is argued that this raises important challenges not only to the children’s rights agenda, but also to social welfare agencies which seek to provide support to children and young people in developing countries such as Nigeria.

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13

Bahr, Karolina, Julia Grufving, and Kristin Hlif Sigurdardottir. "Riskhantering vid natursevärdheter : En fallstudie kring Islands natursevärdhet Reynisfjara." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30777.

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Islands turismutveckling har genomgått stora förändringar under det senaste decenniet och turismen har ökat rekordartat, vilket har medfört att turismindustrin ligger steget efter utvecklingen på flera plan, däribland turisternas säkerhet. Det framgår att både trafikincidenter och olyckor i naturen ökar i takt med att turisterna blir fler. En av de mest olycksdrabbade natursevärdheterna är den populära lavastranden Reynisfjara. I studien undersöks hur organisationer och aktörer kopplade till turism på Island hanterar och planerar för risker på natursevärdheter. Undersökningen baseras på nio kvalitativa intervjuer med isländska organisationer och turismaktörer, däribland turistrådet, polisen, markägare och ett räddningsteam. Vidare undersöks Reynisfjara i en fallstudie där faktorer som påverkar turisters säkerhet definieras. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna inkluderar planering, riskhantering och kommunikation. Resultatet visar att trafikolyckor är de vanligaste incidenterna bland turister. Således utgör den fysiska planeringen inom infrastrukturen en påverkande faktor för säkerheten. En ytterligare på-verkande faktor är turisters riskbenägenhet och hänsynslöshet gentemot risker. Resultatet visar vidare att turisters säkerhet på natursevärdheter påverkas av i vilken utsträckning inblandade aktörer planerar för riskhantering. Ett systematiskt arbetssätt för planeringsprocessen saknas och säkerhets-åtgärder vidtas främst när en olycka redan inträffat. Samarbetet kring resursfördelning och lagstiftning mellan myndigheter och aktörer inom turismindustrin, visar sig vara avgörande för att öka säkerheten. Avslutningsvis visar studien att de inblandade aktörerna inte är en enhetlig grupp avseende planering, riskhantering och ansvarsområden. Riskhanteringen på Island utgörs idag av ett fleraktörssystem, vilket har lett till en splittrad ansvarsfördelning. Ansvaret för turisternas säkerhet ligger i deras egna händer.
Icelandic tourism development has undergone major changes over the past decade, tourism has increased rapidly, which has lead to the tourism industry being behind in developments on several levels, including tourist’s safety. It appears that both traffic incidents and accidents in the nature increases as the tourists increase. Reynisfjara a lava beach, is one of the most popular nature attractions and also were accidents occure among tourists. In this study organizations and operators connected to tourism in Iceland are examined on how they manage and plan regarding risks in natural attractions. The survey is based on interviews with nine organizations and tourism stakeholders, including the Icelandic Tourist Board, the police, landowner, rescue team and a case study on Reynisfjara where factors affecting tourists safety are defined. The theoretical approach includes planning, risk management and cooperation. The results show that the most common accidents among tourists are traffic accidents. Thus the planning of physical infrastructure is an influencing factor. Another influencing factor is the tourists' tendency and recklessness against the risks. It appears that the tourists' safety in natural attractions are influenced by the extent to which those involved are planning for risk management. A systematic approach to planning is lacking and safety measures are mainly done when an accident has already occurred. Cooperation on the allocation of resources and legislation between the authorities and operators in the tourism industry, proves to be crucial to increase safety. The study shows that the players involved are not a unified group regarding planning, risk management and responsibilities. Risk management in Iceland today consists of a multi-operator system, which has led to fragmented responsibilities. Responsibility for tourists' safety lies in their own hands.

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Summers, James K. "Teaching children with autism to respond appropriately to a doorbell and the presence of dangerous chemicals in the home." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460781.

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15

Wong, Kwai-shim, and 黃桂嬋. "A study of corporate crime control on the supply of unsafe toys and children's products in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978241.

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16

Olsson, Åsa. "Barns levda medborgarskap : en studie av barns vardagskunskaper om olycksrisker och säkerhet." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28975.

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Анотація:

Child safety is a well investigated field of research, as is the field of children’s citizenship. This study explores the intersection between these two areas. The aim of the study is to explore children’s lived citizenship from their everyday knowledge about injury risks and safety. The idea of "lived citizenship" refers to how children understand and negotiate rights and responsibilities, and to how they actually practice their citizenship in their daily lives. In the study, a concept of citizenship is used, defining it as composed of the following dimensions: rights, responsibilities, participation, identity, membership, equal status, respect, and recognition. In the study children in grades 2, 5 and 8 participated in focus group interviews. The results of the study suggest that, although the children had good awareness of risk and safety, they regarded risk as something largely positive, connecting it with opportunities for challenges and exciting adventures. School rules and also traffic rules were frequently called into question by the children, even though they were very well aware of the potential physical or legal consequences. The rules at the children’s sports clubs, in contrast, were not challenged. Talk of injury risks and safety may be understood as individual and collective identity work. When children told stories about injuries and accidents, they were also telling stories about themselves, who they were, and where they belonged. Being adventurous and daring gave status in the groups for both girls and boys. Drawing on the results an “action zone,” as an analytical concept is suggested. The action zone is about the physical and symbolic dynamic space where children can move and act independently. Some features of the action zone are proposed in terms of boundaries, boundary guards, (rules, norms and authorities), negotiation, boundary crossing, identity, self-management and situated agency. I argue that the concept puts focus on children’s lived citizenship as a whole and that the physical aspect of citizenship is emphasized.
Barnsäkerhet och barns medborgarskap är två områden som var för sig är väl undersökta. Den här avhandlingen tar sitt avstamp i gränssnittet mellan dem, ett inte lika utforskat område. I studien samtalar barn mellan åtta och femton år i fokusgrupper om olycksrisker och säkerhet. Utifrån deras vardagskunskaper om dessa ämnen dras slutsatser om gemensamma föreställningar om levt medborgarskap. Studien visar att risker och olyckor enligt barnen är en del av livet, något som gör det roligare. Tal om säkerhet har således liten relevans i barnens tillvaro. Säkerhetsregler i skolan men också i trafiken ifrågasätts av barnen, trots att de är väl medvetna om såväl risker som tänkbara påföljder. I de idrottsföreningar som barnen tillhör, ifrågasätts regler däremot över huvud taget inte. Resultaten visar vidare att barn och föräldrar ofta har nått ett samförstånd runt regler och att barnen i stor utsträckning tar ett eget ansvar. När det gäller delaktighet i skolan, så finns möjligheter för barnen att göra sig hörda i råd av olika slag, även om inflytandet i realiteten tycks vara begränsat. Barnens tal om olycksrisker och säkerhet kan förstås som ett uttryck för identitetsskapande, visar studien. Att vara någon som tar risker ger status i kamratgruppen, för såväl flickor som pojkar. Utifrån resultaten föreslås aktionszon som ett begrepp för att studera barns levda medborgarskap. Aktionszonen avser det dynamiska, fysiska och symboliska utrymme barn har, i tid och rum, att fritt röra sig i och agera självständigt.

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Meheux, Melernie. "What makes children feel safe in school? : an evaluation of the preventative model for behaviour in a local authority with a focus on children's and adults' perspectives of safety." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020595/.

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This small scale study explores pupil and staff perspectives about what makes pupils feel safe in school. This is from the perspectives of children and staff who have been part of a project to reduce exclusion and improve attendance. The present study explored perceptions of Head Teachers and senior management about the impact of the project on children's feelings of safety. The study also explored the relationship between the implementation of the project from the perspectives of children and staff, and the initiatives put in place in relation to feeling safe. The participants were 24 children and 15 members of participating schools' senior management teams, who were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The study also tracked exclusion and attendance figures. Thematic analysis was used to analyse interviews and descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests used to analyse exclusion and attendance data. Key findings were that children associated feeling safe with being protected and having their emotional needs met. Adults and children determined children's feelings of safety. The behaviour of peers and school behaviour management had an impact on children's feelings of safety. Children reported that specific places in school such as the playground had a role in maintaining feelings of safety, as did the school curriculum, the local community and the security of the school. The necessity for targeted work on learning and the emotional development of children to keep children safe was also a key finding. Project funding was used by schools to develop the curriculum and to employ and train additional staff. Schools reported that the playground was a key factor in maximising pupils' feelings of safety. Effective school systems which monitored and supported pupils' needs facilitated implementation of the project. Interventions that made children feel safe were significant in reducing levels of exclusion and unauthorised absence.

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18

Utter, Mari. "Stora barngrupper i förskolan : pedagogernas reflektioner i arbetet med att forma en god läromiljö i förskolan." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67288.

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Анотація:

Syftet med min studie var att synliggöra hur pedagogerna formar en god läromiljö i stora barngrupper. Jag ville få en klarhet i hur pedagogerna förhåller sig till, och upplever arbetet med att tillgodose barns utveckling och lärande. Jag genomförde fem kvalitativa intervjuer med förskollärare i en liten kommun, där jag riktade mig mot förskolor som hade en barngrupp med mer än 15 barn. Resultatet av min studie visade att informanternas svårigheter var att hinna med arbetet både mot läroplansmålen men också att hinna tillgodose varje barns behov i stora barngrupper och att barn påverkas olika; behoven skiljer sig från barn till barn. Informanternas arbetssätt utgår från barngruppens sammansättning, och barns olika behov. Samtliga informanter som var med i studien var eniga om att barngrupperna är för stora idag. Deras önskan var att ha max 15 barn i gruppen. För att på ett bra sett tillgodose alla barns behov och att barnen skall bli sedda, var informanternas strategi att dela in barnen i små grupper när möjligheten fanns. Samtliga informanter tryckte på att tryggheten var viktig att jobba med i deras verksamhet. Svårigheten var att hinna se alla barnen, då fokus hamnade på själva gruppen och att få ihop dagen med alla vardagliga rutiner som skall göras.
The aim of my study was to find out how pedagogical views affect their work in large children groups. Furthermore, I wanted to know how the pedagogues organize a good learning environment to provide for children´s development and learning. I conducted five qualitative interviews with preschool teachers in a small municipality, where I aimed for preschools that had a children group with more than 15 children. The results of my study showed that the difficulties of informants were to work with both the learning objectives, and also to meet the needs of every child in large children's groups and that children are affected differently; the needs differ from child to child. The informants' approaches are based on the composition of the children's group, and the different needs of children. All informants who participated in the study agreed that the children's groups are too big today. Their wish was to have a maximum of 15 children in the group. In order to properly accommodate the needs of all children and the children to be seen, the informants' strategy was to divide the children into small groups when the opportunity was available. All informants stressed that safety was important to work in their business. The difficulty was to see every child, as the focus was on the group itself and getting the day together with all the everyday routines needing to be done.

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19

Hong, Jung-Sun 1976. "Children’s traffic park design in USA to promote children’s traffic safety education." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22375.

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Many transportation proposals aim to enhance child traffic safety, and they suggest environmental interventions, law enforcements, and educational methods as the solutions. However, educational approach has not been focusing on practices. When we consider children’s perceptual immature, hand-on education should be more efficient than verbal education. Thus, through an examination of typical child motor vehicle-related crash types in Austin and recent interviews, this Professional Report proposes a Children’s Traffic Park as a practical educational method that delivers traffic rules and influences children’s attitudes and behaviours to traffic.
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20

Chih-pen, Hsu, and 徐知本. "T County younger children's home-living safety situation." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56866461623131405846.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
衛生教育學系在職進修碩士班
95
T County younger children’s home-living safety situation Hsu Chih-pen Abstract The purpose of this study is to conduct, with developing “Questionnaire for T County younger children’s home-living safety situation”, surveys and analyses from such aspects as younger children’s home-living safety knowledge, younger children’s home-living safety attitude, management behavior of younger children’s home-living environment, younger children’s home-living safety environment facilities and improving willingness for younger children’s home-living safety environment; through demographic characters of the subjects and the above analyses, we explore the distribution of dangerous factors of T County younger children’s home-living safety; and we compare the differences between urban and rural T County younger children’s home-living safety situations in households. We set the parents of kindergartens and nurseries in T County as the samples and adopt stratified cluster random sampling setting class as the unit of a cluster and we draw 3600 parents as the samples. After conducting statistic analysis towards the collected data we have the important conclusions as follows: I. As for management behavior of younger children’s home-living environment, it’ frequently fair, but the parents have very low points of younger children’s home-living safety knowledge with the correct answer rate as only 52.38%; as for younger children’s home-living safety attitude, it performs a low dangerous perception towards unsafe situation so that, among 19 unsafe situations, there are only 5 that are considered over 50% of the probability of younger children’s incidental injuries by the parents, especially for “while I’m busy and no other people who can help, I let the other children under 12 accompany or play with” or “using the time when the children are sleeping at home to go out for business”, most of the parents think their probabilities of danger are low and very low . II. As for younger children’s home-living environment facilities, among 10 fundamental important facilities, over 30% of the parents who don’ t have 5 of them, especially 49.7% of the families which don’ t achieve “post emergency telephone numbers of something like medical agencies at around telephone set or other apparent spots”. But what’s conforming is that there are 53.6% of the parents who are willing to improve this within one month to reach the preparatory period; but for the other items, the percentage of the parents who are willing to improve within one month is low. For those parents who are willing to improve this within one month, we may provide them with information of improving program to lower their improving obstruct; while for those who have no improving willingness in a half year, we should reinforce their safety perception. III. In T County, averagely each child will get injury 0.13 times every week. When the home-living injuries happened to children, 8.7% of them are staying alone; only 10.77% of parents took first aid-related classes of whom each one took only 0.16 hours of first aid classes during 2 years. Since there’s a salient correlation between parents’ children’s home-living safety attitude and first aid classes they took, we should open more classes related to prevention of children’s home-living safety incidents and first aid. IV. The score the male parents got on children’s home-living safety environment facility was 0.233 points more than the female parents; the older the age, the lower the “children’s home-living safety knowledge”; the lower the education degree, the lower the “children’s home-living safety knowledge”; the score the married subjects got on “children’s home-living safety environment facility” was 0.444 points more than the unmarried subjects; the score the subjects who live in cities got on “children’s home-living safety knowledge” was 0.119 points higher than the subjects who live in rural areas; the score the families with injured children got on “children’s home-living safety environment facility” was 0.5 points more than the families without injured children and 5.492 points less than the latter on “children’s home-living safety environment management behavior”; the score the parents who took first aid classes got on “children’s home-living safety attitude” was 7.151 points more than the parents who took first aid classes and 1.814 points more than the latter on “children’s home-living safety environment management behavior”. V. The salient factors influencing younger children’s home-living safety knowledge include “the parents age” “education degree” and “parent’s cities of villages and towns in the residence”；The salient factors influencing children’s home-living safety attitude include “child’s sex” “education degree” and “if took first aid classes”; The salient factors influencing children’s home-living safety environment facility include “parent’s sex”, “parent’s marital status”, “number of male children and female children in the family”, “place type where the subject lives” and “If any children got injured within one week” ; The salient factors influencing children’s home-living safety management behavior include “parent’s marital status”, “number of male children and female children in the family”, “place type where the subject lives”. Keywords: younger children, younger children’s home-living safety

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21

CHEN, CHI-LUN, and 陳奇倫. "Children's Playground Safety Inspection-A survey in Tainan and Kaohsiung." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dvu88m.

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碩士
台灣首府大學
休閒管理學系碩士班
105
There are many crises in children playgrounds. According to the Ministry of Education 2009 to 2014 campus events statistical analysis report table, sports and game damage in elementary school accidents accounted for nearly 30% to 40%, even accounted for nearly 50% in 2014. Despite there are children playground facilities law, such as "Public Works Outline", Chapter 11481 children's game facilities, "the industry with children's recreational facilities safety management practices" and CNS 12642, 12643, children are still injured in the playground. This study hopes that scholars will appreciate the result and reduce the number of children game injuries. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the layout and design of children playgrounds in Kaohsiung and Tainan whether they conforms to the current Taiwan safety standard and analyzes through relevant research materials and literature, with reference to Jingjuan Children Safe Education Foundation - Children playground checklist - National Primary School Version, CNS12642 and other provisions, select the appropriate children playground checklist and organize as the research tool. In this study, the author uses documentary study and survey method to investigate, measure and record children playground in schools and parks in Tainan and Kaohsiung. In addition to discussing whether the children playground conformed to the existing laws and regulations, this study uses Chi-square Test to analysis if the safety of sites is relevant to locations and types. Based on the results of the study, the conclusions and recommendations are for the relevant units. Hope that the relevant units plan and design children playground meeting the safety considerations in the future. The results of this study: (a) nearly fifty percent of signs in children playground are failed, (B) the protection rubber matting of fixed palyground equipment is obviously insufficient, (C) the failure rate of swing related check item exceeded 32% is over 50%, the failure rate is much higher than other playground facility.

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22

Beyer, Kim M. "Differences in parents' safety-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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23

Chang, Hsin-Yi, and 常欣怡. "A survey study of children's safety in kidergarten and day care center." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02736297825960557776.

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24

CHEN, YUEH-HSUAN, and 陳玥璇. "The influence of children's knowledge and attitude by personal safety education on self-protection." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96150285388832271930.

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碩士
亞洲大學
健康產業管理學系健康管理組在職專班
99
The purposes of this study are to investigate the child safety knowledge, attitudes of self-protection. The questionnaire were filled by 2153 elementary school students in Taipei and Wufeng area of Taichung. Taipei 1,198 effective samples, the effective recovery rate of 79%. Wufeng District, Taichung City 976 valid samples, the effective recovery rate of 86%. Being analyzed by SPSS17.0, the results revealed as follows. 1. Most safety knowledge of children comes from parents and elders, secondly the teachers. When compared the score of knowledge, attitude and behavior with the total scores individually, the rates are 4.04/5, 9.47/12, and 10.88/15 respectively. 2. Talking about safety education knowledge of children, “grade”, “gender”, “main knowledge sources”, “main carer”, “educational level”, “social-economic status” and “ever discussed about self-protection topic with children” play significant role. As for the attitude, “grade”, “gender”, “main knowledge sources”, “main carer”, “educational level”, and “social-economic status” arrived a significant difference. In the meantime, “grade”, “gender”, “main knowledge sources”, “main carer”, “educational level”, and “ever discussed about self-protection topic with children” are significant on the behavior. In summary, there is positive relationship among safety knowledge, attitude and behavior. 3. The explained variance of the general background factors, safety knowledge and attitude to safety behavior amounted to 21.7%. Suggestion was made to promote the accomplishment of children safety behavior, the strengthening of the school and family education about safety knowledge and attitude of children is required.

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25

黃獻平. "Construction of safety evaluation model for Taiwan children's playground equipment:case studies of swing and slide." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28840600590021678940.

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26

Graceffo, Leslie Brook. "Balancing safety and normalcy: A Study of parents' management of young children's severe food allergies." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/943.

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27

Molokela, Mmatshela Dorcus. "Supervision of learners as an aspect of school safety." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10343.

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28

"Resilience and vulnerability in the face of exposure to community violence: Exploring the impact of parental monitoring and perceptions of safety on children's mental health." Tulane University, 2005.

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The present study investigated the roles of perceptions of safety and parental monitoring in explaining the relation between exposure to community violence (ECV) and mental health functioning in a sample of 72 urban school children (M age = 10.2 years). The four primary goals of the study included: (1) exploring a new conceptualization of violence exposure, (2) examining safety perceptions as a mediator of the relation between ECV and internalizing (depression and PTSD) and externalizing (aggressive/conduct problems) behaviors, (3) examining parental monitoring as a moderator of the relation between ECV and mental health functioning and (4) testing parental monitoring as a moderator of the relation between ECV and safety perceptions and safety perceptions and mental health functioning (internalizing and externalizing behaviors). Results indicated that safety perceptions significantly mediated the relations between ECV and PTSD symptoms and ECV and depressive symptoms. However, parental monitoring did not serve as a significant moderator of any of the above mentioned model components. Finally, some initial support was yielded for a new measure of ECV theoretically grounded in phenomenological and stress/cognitive appraisal research
acase@tulane.edu

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29

Krebsová, Alexandra. "Možnosti práce s opakovaně volajícími na Lince bezpečí." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-393604.

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(in English) The aim of this work is to perform an in-depth analysis of the workplace of the children's crisis line - Linka bezpečí, focusing on the work of consultants with repeat callers of this line. The chosen subject was processed by a quantitative method (finding the number of calls with long-term clients on the crisis line during the six-month period, the duration of these calls, the topics that repeat callers bring to the calls on the line, etc.) and the qualitative method - organization a focus group with Linka bezpečí line's staff to find out their potential to work with long-term clients. The main result of the thesis is a summary of the findings, which make the work with the long-term calling clients easy for the workers and which, on the contrary, make it difficult, along with practical tips for practice.

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30

Bulbulia, Abdulsamed. "Childhood pedestrian mortality in Johannesburg, South Africa : magnitude, determinants and neighbourhood characteristics." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20240.

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Child pedestrian injury and mortality is an issue of significant public health concern in the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng, in South Africa. Since there is a paucity of studies in the last decade or more on fatal childhood traffic and non-traffic injuries in Johannesburg, this study aspires to address the disproportion in this domain of research, and provide more recent, and comprehensive empirical evidence over a ten-year period. The overarching aim of this study was to describe and examine the magnitude, circumstances, and neighbourhood characteristics of fatal pedestrian injuries among children (0-14 years) in Johannesburg for the period from 2001 to 2010. More specifically, the objectives of the study were: firstly, to provide a comprehensive epidemiological description of the magnitude, trends and occurrence of pedestrian mortality among children; secondly, to describe and examine the epidemiology of child pedestrian mortality in relation to children as motor vehicle passengers; thirdly, to describe and examine child pedestrian mortality in relation to non-traffic injuries, in particular, burns and drowning; and fourthly, to assess the influence of neighbourhood characteristics on child pedestrian mortality. The study conceptualised pedestrian road safety within an ecological systems framework. The study used quantitative descriptive, and multivariate logistic regression methods of analysis to examine child pedestrian mortality data. The study drew on data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) and the Census 2001. The main findings indicated that black, male children aged 5 to 9 years (11.02/100 000) are the most vulnerable, and that mortality occurred predominantly during the afternoons and early evenings (12h00-16h00 and 16h00-21h00), over weekends, during school holidays, and to a lesser extent, during non-holiday months. In addition, neighbourhood characteristics that reflected concentrations of disadvantage, single female-headed households and residentially stable areas were associated with child pedestrian mortality. The study findings highlight the need for critical action in terms of investment in child pedestrian safety research, and appropriate prevention initiatives guided by stringent evidenced-based studies, and the design of safe pedestrian, vehicular and urban environments.
Psychology
D. Phil. (Psychology)

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31

Germann, Stefan Erich. "An exploratory study of quality of life and coping strategies of orphans living in child-headed households in the high HIV/AIDS prevalent city of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2395.

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A distressing consequence of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and of the increasing numbers of orphans and decreasing numbers of caregivers is the emergence in ever larger numbers of child-headed households (CHHs). The complexity of issues affecting CHHs and the lack of research on this subject means that CHHs are not well understood. This sometimes prompts support agencies to provide emotionally driven recommendations suggesting that it is better for a child to be in an orphanage than to live in a CHH. This exploratory study, involving heads of 105 CHHs over a 12 month period and 142 participants in various focus group discussions (FGD) and interviews, suggests the need for a change in perspective. It addresses the question of CHH quality of life, coping strategies and household functioning and attempts to bring this into a productive dialogue with community child care activities, NGO and statutory support and child care and protection policies. Research data suggests that the key determining factor contributing towards the creation of a CHH is `pre-parental illness' family conflict. Another contributing factor is that siblings want to stay together after parental death. Quality of life assessments indicate that despite significant adversities, over 69% of CHHs reported a 'medium' to 'satisfactory' quality of life and demonstrate high levels of resilience. As regards vulnerability to abuse, it is found that while CHH members are more vulnerable to external abuse, they experience little within their household. Contrary to public perceptions about CHHs lacking moral values, CHH behaviour might actually be more responsible than non-CHH peer behaviour as their negative experiences appear to galvanize them into adopting responsible behaviour. Community care and neighbourhood support in older townships are better established compared with newer suburbs. Sufficient community care capacity enables CHHs to function, thus avoiding a situation where households disintegrate and household members end up as street children. CHH coping responses seem to be mainly influenced by individual and community factors, and by social, spiritual and material support. The interplay between these and the CHH's ability to engage in the required coping task impacts on the coping outcome at household level. National and international government and non-governmental child service providers in Southern Africa need to recognize that an adequately supported CHH is an acceptable alternative care arrangement for certain children in communities with high adult AIDS mortality and where adult HIV-prevalence exceeds 10%.
Development Studies
D. Ltt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

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