Статті в журналах з теми "S.A.G.M.A.C.S. (Organization)"

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has approved the use of two new drugs, namely Bedaquiline (Bdq) and Delamanid (Dlm), for treatment of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB). One of the concerns raised with the use of these drugs was QT-interval prolongation. This condition could be serious and life threatening. Hence, knowing the magnitude and its management is very important. This case series identifies the incidence and discusses the management of clinically significant QT-interval prolongation amongst a cohort of patients who have been on these medicines. Materials and Methods: Patients with reports of high grade QT-Interval prolongation (i.e. Grade-3 and Grade-4) were identified from the cohort of 265 patients enrolled on bedaquiline and/or delamanid and discussion is made on the pattern, severity and management of each cases identified. Results: Only 4 (1.5%) out of all 265 patients enrolled on Bedaquiline and/or Delamanid have developed high grade QT-Interval prolongation. And all are managed without permanent discontinuation of both drugs. Conclusion: The Incidence of clinically significant QTcF-interval prolongation among DR-TB patients taking bedaquiline and /or delamanid in Lesotho is low. And almost all cases can be managed with more frequent Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring and management of other possible causes of QT-interval prolongation without the need to stop one or both drugs permanently.

For the last fifteen years, on-surface synthesis became an extremely popular and powerful method to fabricate nanostructures which otherwise would not have been accessible by conventional wet organic syntheses. The syntheses, realized in the chamber of high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM), permitted the fabrication and the characterization of atomically defined nanostructures such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), graphene nanoribbons or 2D covalent networks.1 Among the organic molecules studied by STM, porphyrins are of particular importance because of their electronic and optical properties. Initial studies were mainly devoted to the supramolecular organization of porphyrins and porphyrin derivatives on surface and it is only in 2004 that noble metal surfaces were used as catalytic surface to perform reactions on the porphyrin cores.2 Since then, examples of open-shell porphyrin derivatives3 and conjugated oligomers4 were reported. While the synthesis of fused bis- and tetra-4,5-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)anthracen-9-yl porphyrins containing Ni(II) was reported by Anderson about 10 years ago,5 the formation π-extended porphyrin bearing unsubstituted anthracenyl moieties were never achieved. The formation of such compounds became possible by on-surface synthesis. Herein, we report on the synthesis of fused bis- and tetra-anthracenylporphyrin derivatives via the cyclodehydrogenation the parent meso-substituted molecules on a catalytic Au(111) surface.6 Depending on the annealing temperature, anthracenylporphyrins with the four anthracene fully linked to the porphyrin core or over-oxidized porphyrin in which the anthracene are connected two by two in 2-2’ position were observed by STM (Figure 1). Figure 1. STM images of the fused tetra-anthracenylporphyrins and related porphyrin structures References Clair, S.; de Oteyza, D. G. Chem. Rev. 2019, 119, 4717-4776. Fox, S.; Boyle, R. W. Chem. Commun. 2004, 1322-1323. a) Sun, Q.; Mateo, L. M.; Robles, R.; Ruffieux, P.; Lorente, N.; Bottari, G.; Torres, T.; Fasel, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 18109-18117; b) Zhao, Y.; Jiang, K.; Li, C.; Liu, Y.; Xu, C.; Zheng, W.; Guan, D.; Li, Y.; Zheng, H.; Liu, C.; Luo, W.; Jia, J.; Zhuang, X.; Wang, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 18532-18540. a) Mateo, L. M.; Sun, Q.; Liu, S.-X.; Bergkamp, J. J.; Eimre, K.; Pignedoli, C. A.; Ruffieux, P.; Decurtins, S.; Bottari, G.; Fasel, R.; Torres, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 1334-1339; b) Mateo, L. M.; Sun, Q.; Eimre, K.; Pignedoli, C. A.; Torres, T.; Fasel, R.; Bottari, G. Chem. Sci. 2021, 12, 247-252. a) Davis, N. K. S.; Thompson, A. L.; Anderson, H. L. Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 2124-2127; b) Davis, N. K. S.; Thompson, A. L.; Anderson, H. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 30-31. Baljozović, M. et al., in preparation Figure 1

Cathodic synthesis is a highly attractive technique for N,O bond reduction.[1] Especially, electro-reductions of nitro arenes enable the access to high-valuable products like nitrones and N-heterocycles.[2] These substances are in general unique structural motifs in natural products or in compounds with significant biological properties, such as antibiotic, antiplasmodial, antimycotic, antihypertensive, hyperglycemic and cytotoxic activities.[3] Commonly used synthesis methods require large amounts of metallic reducing agents, expensive transition metal catalysts, or hazardous oxidizers in case the corresponding heterocycles are accessible otherwise.[4] Several examples have been described with constant potential conditions using mercury or sacrificial lead electrodes.[5] Due to cathodic corrosion of heavy metals, this proves to be a critical aspect and mercury is banned in the most countries for technical applications.[6] Therefore, the urge for more sustainable processes is of high focus. We describe an access to 1H-1-hydroxyquninolin-4-ons by cathodic reaction of nitrobenzoyl acetones synthesized from broad available nitrobenzoic acids. Using metal-free BDD cathodes (boron-doped diamond), sulfuric acid as a simple supporting electrolyte, in addition to an aqueous electrolyte system with an environmentally benign co-solvent agree with sustainable and green aspects. The scalability under constant current conditions in an undivided cell has been shown in a twentyfold scale. The electrochemical synthesis protocol was applied to 18 examples including the antibiotic substance HQNO (1H-2-heptyl-1-hydroxy quinolin-4-ons) and various precursors for enzymatic aurachine synthesis.[7] Furthermore, we developed a method to a novel substance class of 4H-4-hydroxy-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides. Reduction of the nitro precursors applying BDD cathodes result in hydroxylamines using divided cells with glass frits as separators. The applicability of this electro-reductive cyclisation is demonstrated by the synthesis of a broad product scope with activated, deactivated, labile and sterically demanding substitution patterns for potential further modification towards pharmaceutical applications.[8] Particularly, we described the synthesis of the N-Hydroxy analogues of diazoxide, a medication on the WHO list of essential medicines.[8,9] Studies on the biological activities of these new compounds are currently performed. References: [1] T. Wirtanen, E. Rodrigo, S. R. Waldvogel, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2020, 362, 2088–2101. [2] E. Rodrigo, S. R. Waldvogel, Green Chem. 2018, 20, 2013–2017. [3] a) A. Schmoldt, H. F. Benthe, G. Haberland, Biochem. Pharmacol. 1975, 24, 1639–1641; b) B. Kunze, G. Höfle, H. Reichenbach, J. Antibiot. 1987, 40, 258–265; c) K. C. Majumdar, S. Mondal, Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 7749–7773; d) E. E. Hays, I. C. Wells, P. A. Katzman, C. K. Cain, F. A. Jacobs, S. A. Thayer, E. A. Doisy, W. L. Gaby, E. C. Roberts, R. D. Muir, C. J. Carroll, L. R. Jones, N. J. Wade, J. Biol. Chem. 1945, 159, 725–750. [4] a) J.-C. Jung, Y.-J. Jung, O.-S. Park, J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2001, 38, 61–67; b) M. Enomoto, W. Kitagawa, Y. Yasutake, H. Shimizu, Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem. 2014, 78, 1324–1327; c) H. G. Walker, C. R. Hauser, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 2742–2743; d) A. Woschek, M. Mahout, K. Mereiter, F. Hammerschmidt, Synthesis 2007, 1517–1522. [5] a) R. Hazard, M. Jubault, C. Mouats, A. Tallec, Electrochim. Acta 1986, 31, 489–497; b) R. Hazard, M. Jubault, C. Mouats, A. Tallec, Electrochim. Acta 1988, 33, 1335–1341; c) H. Lund, L. G. Feoktistov, P. H. Nielsen, Acta Chem. Scand. 1969, 23, 3482–3492; d) B. Hyo Kim, Y. Moo Jun, Y. Rack Choi, D. Byung Lee, W. Baik, Heterocycles 1998, 48, 749–754. [6] T. Wirtanen, T. Prenzel, J.-P. Tessonnier, S. R. Waldvogel, Chem. Rev. 2021, 121, 10241–10270. [7] a) T. Prenzel, S. R. Waldvogel 2021, in preparation; b) E. Stec, D. Pistorius, R. Müller, S.-M. Li, ChemBioChem 2011, 12, 1724–1730. [8] T. Prenzel, T. Wirtanen, S. R. Waldvogel 2021, in preparation. [9] World Health Organization, Model List of Essential Medicines – 22nd List, 2021, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2021. Figure 1

BackgroundGliomas represent the most common brain tumors within the central nervous system, with glioblastoma being the most aggressive type.1 Conventional treatment combines several approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.2 However, the prognosis for glioblastoma remains unfavorable, with only 5% of patients surviving more than 5 years post-diagnosis.3 Thus, new treatment approaches are urgently needed. Natural killer (NK) cells directly lyse malignantly transformed or virally infected cells and secrete inflammatory cytokines that polarize cytotoxic immunity. Allogeneic NK cell adoptive transfer has shown clinical benefit in patients with advanced cancer.4–7 However, limitations of this approach include relatively low numbers of donor NK cells that can be isolated during an apheresis and variability in the quality of NK cells between donors. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a GMP manufacturing strategy to mass produce NK cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as an approach to off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy. We refer to these cells as ‘iNK’ (iPSC-derived NK) cells. Here, we provide preclinical data demonstrating the efficacy of iNK cells for immunotherapy against glioblastoma.Abstract 155 Figure 1Engineered iNK cells exhibit highly effective antitumor function in a xenogeneic model of glioblastoma. (A) Schematic of the experimental design to test iNK cell function against glioblastoma in vivo. (B) Kaplan Meier plots showing survival for groups of mice that received either vehicle alone or iNK cells after tumor engraftment (n=5 mice/group)MethodsWe generated iNK cells using previously published methods.8–10 iNK cells were used as effectors against an array of patient-derived glioblastoma lines in 2-dimensional live imaging IncuCyte assays where iNK cell-mediated killing was observed over the course of 48 hours. To investigate iNK cell infiltration and cytotoxicity in a more physiological context that accounts for the 3-dimensional architecture of the tumor, we also performed live imaging IncuCyte assays using iNK cells as effectors against glioblastoma spheroids. To test the anti-tumor function of iNK cells in vivo, we implanted patient-derived glioblastoma cells into mice via intracranial injection. Seven days later, 5 mice received intratumoral injections of iNK cells, and 5 mice received vehicle alone (as a control; figure 1A). All mice were monitored for weight and survival over 100 days.Results iNK cells exhibited strong and sustained cytotoxicity against 6 primary patient-derived mesenchymal glioblastoma lines in 2-dimensional IncuCyte assays and complete infiltration and destruction of glioblastoma spheroids in 3-dimensional IncuCyte assays. In xenogeneic adoptive transfer experiments, all mice receiving intratumoral injections of iNK cells survived out to day 100, while all mice in the vehicle group became moribund and had to be sacrificed by day 60 (figure 1B).ConclusionsiNK cells are highly cytotoxic against glioblastoma cells, and our preclinical in vivo data provides proof-of-concept for future clinical trials.Ethics ApprovalThis project has been approved by the University of Minnesota IACUC. Approval ID: 1812-36595AReferencesLouis D N, Perry A, Reifenberger G, von Deimling A, Figarella-Branger D, Cavenee W K, Ohgaki H, Wiestler O D, Kleihues P, Ellison D W. The 2016 world health organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Acta Neuropathol 2016;131:803–820.Stupp R, Mason W P, van den Bent M J, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn M J B, Belanger K, Brandes A A, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, Curschmann J, Janzer R C, Ludwin S K, Gorlia T, Allgeier A, Lacombe D, Cairncross J G, Eisenhauer E, Mirimanoff R O, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor and Radiotherapy Groups; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 2005;352:987–996.Thakkar JP, Dolecek TA, Horbinski C, Ostrom QT, Lightner DD, Barnholz-Sloan JS, Villano JL. Epidemiologic and molecular prognostic review of glioblastoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;23:1985–1996.Miller J S, Soignier Y, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, McNearney S A, Yun G H, Fautsch S K, McKenna D, Le C, Defor T E, Burns L J, Orchard P J, Blazar B R, Wagner J E, Slungaard A, Weisdorf D J, Okazaki J, McGlave P B. Successful adoptive transfer and in vivo expansion of human haploidentical NK cells in patients with cancer. Blood 2005;105:3051–3057.Bachanova V, Cooley S, Defor T E, Verneris M R, Zhang B, McKenna D H, Curtsinger J, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Lewis D, Hippen K, McGlave P, Weisdorf D J, Blazar B R, Miller J S. Clearance of acute myeloid leukemia by haploidentical natural killer cells is improved using IL-2 diphtheria toxin fusion protein. Blood 2014;123:3855.Ciurea S O, Schafer J R, Bassett R, Denman C J, Cao K, Willis D, Rondon G, Chen J, Soebbing D, Kaur I, Gulbis A, Ahmed S, Rezvani K, Scpall E J, Lee D A, Champlin R E. Phase 1 clinical trial using mbIL21 ex vivo-expanded donor-derived NK cells after haploidentical transplant. Blood 2017;130:1857–1868.Romee R, Rosario M, Berrien-Elliott M M, Wagner J A, Jewell B A, Schappe T, Leong J W, Abdel-Latif S, Schneider S E, Willey S, Neal C C, Yu L, Oh T, Lee S, Mulder A, Cooper M A, Fehniger T A. Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells exhibit enhanced responses against myeloid leukiemia. Sci Transl Med 2016:8;375ra123.Valamehr B, Abujarour R, Robinson M, Le T, Robbins D, Shoemaker D, Flynn P. A novel platform to enable the high-throughput derivation and characterization of feeder-free human iPSCs. Sci Rep 2012:2;213.Valamehr B, Robinson M, Abujarour R, Rezner B, Vranceanu F, Le T, Medcalf A, Lee T T, Fitch M, Robbins D, Flynn P. Platform for induction and maintenance of transgene-free hiPSCs resembling ground state pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014;2:366–381.Zhu H, Blum R H, Bjordahl R, Gaidarova S, Rogers P, Lee T T, Abujarour R, Bonello G B, Wu J, Tsai P-F, Miller J S, Walcheck B, Valamehr B, Kaufman D S. Pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells with high-affinity noncleavable CD16a mediate improved antitumor immunity. Blood 2020;135:399–410.

R e l e v a n c e . The healthcare management system requires high-quality and rational use of the organization’s workforce, i. e. the skills of employees. The intentional potential of an employee is a set of needs, motives, etc., the «core» of the personality driving it to achieve a meaningful goal. The N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine is a leading multidisciplinary medical institution with an established multi-level system and management culture, the quantitative assessment of the intentional potential of which is of great interest. P u r p o s e : to study the intentional potential of the heads of clinical and scientific departments. M e t h o d s . An anonymous survey was conducted among the heads of the scientific and clinical departments of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine (2021), including two methods of S. Schwartz: assessment by the level of normative ideals (SVS) and by individual priorities (PVQ). The procedures of centering and ranking by the average values of each valuemotivational type were carried out. Next, the value-intentional consistency (VIC) and the coefficient of value oppositions (Cvo) were investigated. F i n d i n g s . No statistically significant differences in the VIC at the SVS and PVQ levels, as well as no differences in the Cvo at the SVS level in the groups of heads of clinical and scientific departments were revealed. Intrapersonal contradictions between the value oppositions «Security» and «Stimulation» at the PVQ level (p<0.05) were revealed, they are less pronounced in the group of heads of scientific departments. There were also no statistically significant differences in the other oppositions of value orientations of the PVQ level. C o n c l u s i o n s . The presented results can be used as additional factors in the planning and implementation of measures of sociopsychological management of scientific and clinical departments. In the professional selection for the relevant positions, the Cvo indicator is more informative. Differences between the groups of scientific and clinical heads in the «Security – Stimulation» Cvo were shown, the distribution of this indicator tends to be more pronounced among the group of scientific heads.

ABSTRACT: Asia is the second region after Africa to have the tallest prevalence of stunting in the world. Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia with the fifth highest prevalence of stunting in the world at 37%, or nearly 9 million children who experience stunting. This study aims to examine the factors that influence and risk the occurrence of stunting in children in Indonesia. The research method uses a type of qualitative research with a traditional literature review. This study found that stunting is influenced by several complex factors not only at the individual level but also at the family and community levels. A comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence on the determinants of stunting in children in Indonesia outlines who is most vulnerable to stunting, which interventions are successful, and what new research is needed to fill knowledge gaps. Keywords: Indonesian toddlers, stunting factors References: Adair, L. S., & Guilkey, D. K. (1997). 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D., Poristinawati, I., Rahmawati, E., Nurbayani, R., Lestari, S., Wardani, P. S., & Nugroho, M. R. (2019). Determinants of Stunting Children (0-59 Months) in Some Countries in Southeast Asia. Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas, 4(3), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.vol4.iss3.262 Sari, M., De Pee, S., Bloem, M. W., Sun, K., Thorne-Lyman, A. L., Moench-Pfanner, R., Akhter, N., Kraemer, K., & Semba, R. D. (2010). Higher Household Expenditure on Animal-Source and Nongrain Foods Lowers the Risk of Stunting Among Children 0-59 Months Old in Indonesia: Implications of Rising Food Prices. Journal of Nutrition, 140(1), 195–200. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.110858 Satriawan, E. (2018). Strategi Nasional Percepatan Pencegahan Stunting 2018-2024. [National Strategy for the Acceleration of Stunting Prevention] Semba, R. D., Kalm, L. M., De Pee, S., Ricks, M. O., Sari, M., & Bloem, M. W. (2007). Paternal Smoking is Associated with Increased Risk of Child Malnutrition Among Poor Urban Families in Indonesia. Public Health Nutrition, 10(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898000722292X Semba, R. D., Moench-Pfanner, R., Sun, K., De Pee, S., Akhter, N., Rah, J. H., Campbell, A. A., Badham, J., Bloem, M. W., & Kraemer, K. (2011). Consumption of Micronutrient-fortified Milk and Noodles is Associated with Lower Risk of Stunting in Preschool-Aged Children in Indonesia. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 32(4), 347–353. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482651103200406 Shieh, S. J., Chen, H. L., Liu, F. C., Liou, C. C., Lin, Y. in H., Tseng, H. I., & Wang, R. H. (2010). The Effectiveness of Structured Discharge Education on Maternal Confidence, Caring Knowledge, and Growth of Premature Newborns. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(23–24), 3307–3313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03382.x Stewart, C. P., Iannotti, L., Dewey, K. G., Michaelsen, K. F., & Onyango, A. W. (2013). Contextualising Complementary Feeding in a Broader Framework for Stunting Prevention. Matern Child Nutrition, 9(2), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12088 Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. (2017). 100 Kabupaten/Kota Prioritas Untuk Intervensi Anak Kerdil (Stunting). Titaley, C. R., Ariawan, I., Hapsari, D., Muasyaroh, A., & Dibley, M. J. (2013). Determinants of the Stunting of Children in Indonesia: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. Nutrients, 11, 1160. UNICEF. (2015a). UNICEF’ s Approach to Scaling Up Nutrition for Mothers and Their Children. Programme Division, February 9. UNICEF. (2015b). UNICEF’s Approach to Scalling Up Nutrition For Mothers and Their Children. UNICEF. (2018). Progress For Every Child in The SDG Era. United Nations. (2021). United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal2 United Nations Children’s Fund. (2013). 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Introduction Children with cancer are at an increased risk for various physical and cognitive challenges due to their illness and its treatment. A concerning observation is that young cancer patients often lead sedentary or even lying lifestyles, clearly failing to meet the WHO’s recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) daily. This is alarming considering that PA is essential for physical and mental health, e.g., for the development of motor skills and cognitive functions (Bull et al., 2020). However, PA promotion in acute care in Swiss pediatric oncology units is hardly existent. Therefore, the aim of this project is to develop and conduct a physical activity program in a pediatric oncology unit and investigate its effects on cognitive and motor performance. Methods Part A of this project involved a qualitative study conducted at the Inselspital Bern’s pediatric oncology unit, aiming to design a tailored PA therapy program. This part included patient interviews and staff surveys. Part B, which is ongoing, focuses on a forthcoming two-arm multicenter crossover-controlled trial. This trial will compare the exercise therapy and PA counseling (intervention group in Bern, n = 40) with standard treatment (control group in Basel, n = 40). Participants will be aged 6-18 years, newly diagnosed with cancer and undergoing cytotoxictreatment for at least six weeks. The 12-week program will consist of thrice-weekly, 45-minute sessions of individualized exercise, aligned with the SK2-guidelines, NAOK, and international Pediatric Oncology Exercise Guidelines (Götte et al., 2022; Wurz et al., 2021). The sessions will focus on motor skills and cognitively challenging PA. In addition, children will receive 4 exercise counseling sessions. To evaluate the study, there will be three measurement points (once at admission, after twelve weeks of intervention and one follow-up after six months). The outcome measures include motor and cognitive performance, physiological and psychosocial functioning. Results Initial findings from the qualitative study indicate a strong patient and staff interest in exercise therapy. The study also provided valuable insights for developing and implementing the intervention. Discussion/conclusion The results will reveal important insights relevant to research and practice. Adopting a research perspective, the results will shed light on the effects of PA on cognitive performance in acute cancer care. Adopting a more applied perspective, PA has been neglected in Swiss pediatric oncology units so far. Therefore, this study may contribute to proof the effectiveness of PA for childhood cancer patients and thus help implementing it in standard care in the long term. References Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J.-P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, E., Leitzmann, M., … & Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451-1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955 Götte, M., Gauß, G., Dirksen, U., Driever, P. H., Basu, O., Baumann, F. T., Wiskemann, J., Boos, J., & Kesting, S. V. (2022). Multidisciplinary Network ActiveOncoKids guidelines for providing movement and exercise in pediatric oncology: Consensus-based recommendations. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 69(11), Article e29953. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.29953 Wurz, A., McLaughlin, E., Lategan, C., Chamorro Viña, C., Grimshaw, S. L., Hamari, L., Götte, M., Kesting, S., Rossi, F., van der Torre, P., Guilcher, G. M. T., McIntyre, K., & Culos-Reed, S. N. (2021). The international Pediatric Oncology Exercise Guidelines (iPOEG). Translational Behavioral Medicine, 11(10), 1915-1922. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibab028

Administrative innovation is a fundamental part of the strategic management of organizations, it constitutes a business competitive advantage, while the organizational culture encompasses behaviors and performances of the organization, which are key to the development of efficient performance to obtain innovations. The present research aims to establish the relationships that occur between administrative innovation and organizational culture, to observe the fulfillment of the goals of banana companies, the applied method is quantitative, analytical-descriptive, and correlational scope, it is carried out the reliability analysis in the Cronbach's Alpha of 0.984 to the 25-item instrument that was used in 86 medium-sized banana companies in the agricultural sector, the results found show that there is a high relationship p> 0.9 between the degree of knowledge and competence of senior managers in the development and planning of innovative work. Keywords: Banana industry, technological innovation, business organization. References [1]Ministerio de Comercio Exterior Ecuador, «Informe sector bananero ecuatoriano,» Ministerio de Comercio Exterior, Quito, 2017. [2]G. Martínez, E. Delgado, R. Pargas, E. Manzanilla and H. Ramírez, «Consideraciones generales sobre la producción y el comercio mundial de banano. I: Producción, exportación e importación,» CENIAP Hoy, vol. s/n, nº 13, pp. 1-11, 2007. [3]M. Soto, «Situación y avances tecnológicos en la producción bananera mundial,» Rev. Bras. Frutic, vol. Especial, pp. 13-28, 2011. [4]M. Motoche, V. Garzón, H. Carvajal and J. Quezada, «Análisis de la participación del banano en las exportaciones agropecuarias del Ecuador periodo 2015-2019,» Revista Metropolitana de Ciencias Aplicadas, vol. 4, nº2, pp. 83-89, 2021. [5]J. Munera and M. Pemartín, «El consumidor europeo de productos ecológicos,» Distribución y consume, vol. s/n, nº 50-64, p. 64, 2006. [6]M. Rodríguez, «Social responsibility and financial performance: The role of good corporate governance,» Business Research Quarterly, vol. s/n, nº 19, pp. 137-151, 2016. [7]G. Saltos, A. Zavala, A. León and A. Villalba, «Validación de un Modelo de Medición de Responsabilidad Social: un estudio multivariado transeccional del sector-bananero,» Revista Lasallista de Investigación, vol.18, nº 158-172, p. 15, 2021. [8]J. Lizcano and J. Lombana, «Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC): reconsiderando conceptos y enfoques, » Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, vol. 18,nº 34, pp. 119-134, 2018. [9]E. Ramos and N. Valle, «Gestión de Imagen Corporativa como estrategia de sostenibilidad: Camino al cambio empresarial,» Universidad y Sociedad Revista Científica de la Universidad de Cienfuegos, vol. 12, nº 1, pp. 292-298, 2020. [10]C. Villacís, Y. Suarez and X. Guillín, «Análisis de la Responsabilidad Social en el Ecuador,» Publicando, vol. 3, nº 8, pp. 452-466, 2016. [11]V. Alvarez, R. Alonso, B. Rodríguez and M. Muñiz, «Conocimiento y Valores: binomio esencial en la formación profesional,» Revista Cubana de EducaciónMédica Superior, vol. 32, nº 2, pp. 1-10, 2018. [12]R. Henríquez and R. Oreste, «Implicancias de una Responsabilidad Social Empresarial Sustentable,» Revista Electrónica Gestión de las Personas y Tecnología, vol. 8, nº 23, pp. 16-27, 2015. [13]C. Mendez, «Elementos para la relación entre cultura organizacional o estrategia,» Universidad & Empresa, vol. 21, nº 37, pp. 136-169, 2018. [14]K. Weigelt and C. Camerer, «Reputation and Corporate Strategy: A Review of Recent Theory and Applications,» Strategic Management Journal, vol. 9, nº 5, pp. 443-454, 1988. [15]C. Ynzunza, J. Izar, J. Bocarando, F. Aguilar and M. Larios, «El Entorno de la Industria 4.0: Implicaciones y Perspectivas Futuras,» ConCiencia Tecnológica, vol. s/n, nº 54, pp. 1-19, 2017.

ABSTRACTSalmonellagenomic island 1 (SGI1) contains a multidrug resistance region conferring the ampicillin-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline resistance phenotype encoded byblaPSE-1,floR,aadA2,sul1, andtet(G). Its increasing spread via interbacterial transfer and the emergence of new variants are important public health concerns. We investigated the molecular properties of SGI1-carryingSalmonella entericaserovars selected from a European strain collection. A total of 38 strains belonging toS. entericaserovar Agona,S. entericaserovar Albany,S. entericaserovar Derby,S. entericaserovar Kentucky,S. entericaserovar Newport,S. entericaserovar Paratyphi B dT+, andS. entericaserovar Typhimurium, isolated between 2002 and 2006 in eight European countries from humans, animals, and food, were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular typing methods (XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], plasmid analysis, and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis [MLVA]), as well as detection of resistance and virulence determinants (PCR/sequencing and DNA microarray analysis). Typing experiments revealed wide heterogeneity inside the strain collection and even within serovars. PFGE analysis distinguished a total of 26 different patterns. In contrast, the characterization of the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance revealed serovar-specific features. Apart from the classical SGI1 organization found in 61% of the strains, seven different variants were identified with antimicrobial resistance properties associated with SGI1-A (S. Derby), SGI1-C (S. Derby), SGI1-F (S. Albany), SGI1-L (S. Newport), SGI1-K (S. Kentucky), SGI1-M (S.Typhimurium), and, eventually, a novel variant similar to SGI1-C with additional gentamicin resistance encoded byaadB. Only minor serovar-specific differences among virulence patterns were detected. In conclusion, the SGI1 carriers exhibited pathogenetic backgrounds comparable to the ones published for susceptible isolates. However, because of their multidrug resistance, they may be more relevant in clinical settings.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the level of income inequality in member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OC). The research period used was from 2012 to 2021, using the System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) analysis tool. The variables used consist of the Gini ratio (proxy of income inequality), economic growth, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), inflation, the average length of schooling (human capital proxy), and corruption perception index (sharia proxy). The results showed that sharia, human, and inflation variables had a negative effect, while economic growth and FDI had a positive and significant effect on income inequality in OIC countries. These results show that in addition to economic factors and human capital, sharia elements cannot be released in overcoming income inequality in OIC countries. Sharia is a driving factor in a more even distribution of income. Keywords: Income Inequality, Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM), Sharia ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat ketimpangan pendapatan di negara anggota Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Periode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dari tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2021, dengan menggunakan alat analisis System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). Variabel yang digunakan terdiri dari rasio gini (proksi ketimpangan pendapatan), pertumbuhan ekonomi, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), inflasi, rata-rata lama sekolah (proksi human capital), dan indeks persepsi korupsi (proksi syariah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel syariah, human, dan inflasi berpengaruh negatif, sedangkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan FDI berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di negara-negara OIC. 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Income inequality and inflation in the EU. European Research Studies Journal, 15(1), 127–140. Todaro, M. P. (2003a). Pembangunan Ekonomi di Dunia Ketiga. In 1 (6th Edition). Jakarta: Erlangga. Todaro, M. P. (2003b). Pembangunan Ekonomi Di Dunia Ketiga. In 2 (6th Edition). Jakarta: Erlangga. Todaro, M., & Smith, S. C. (2012). Economic Development (11th edition). Boston: Addison-Wesley. Transparency International. (2023). Corruption perceptions index 2022. Retrieved from www.transparency.org/cpi Ulu, M. İ. (2018). The effect of government social spending on income inequality in OECD: A panel data analysis. International Journal of Economics Politics Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(3), 184–202. UNESCO INSTITUTE For STATISTICS. (2013). UIS methodology for estimation of mean years of schooling. Retrieved from http://www.uis.unesco.org Wang, Y., & Li, H. (2017). An empirical study on the impact of educational gap on income gap. 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Relevance. The N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine is a leading multidisciplinary medical institution with a unique corporate culture. In its established work team, the heads of departments are carriers and indicators of values for the employees. P u r p o s e . To study the values of the heads of departments. M e t h o d s . Anonymous survey among two groups of heads: GrS (scientific departments) and GrC (clinical departments) using the methodology of assessing the value profile (questionnaires: SVS‑57, PVQ‑47) and labor motives (Martin-Ritchie questionnaire). F i n d i n g s . The questionnaires were filled out by 25 heads, of which GrS – 11 people (44%), GrC – 14 (56%). According to the Schwartz questionnaire, in the GrS, “Self-Direction” was in the first place in the value profile rating, “Benevolence” was in the second place, “Security” was in the third, and in the GrC, “Security” was in the first place, “Benevolence” was in the second, “Self-Direction” was in the third. Regression analysis was carried out in the general group: clustering was determined by the indicator “Universalism” (0.13). Its strong correlation with “Security” was revealed (k=0.73, p<0.01). According to the Martin-Ritchie questionnaire, the main motivating factor for people is the feeling of their own relevance in interesting and socially useful activities. In particular, the respondents for whom “Security” is not a priority want more recognition from other people than employees for whom “Security” is very important. The respondents ranking the “Security” value first prefer material incentives, but they also prefer to set challenging goals and achieve them. C o n c l u s i o n s . In the rating of value orientations among the heads of scientific and clinical departments, there are divergent values of “Self-Direction” and “Security”, which increases the risk of professional burnout. The priority motives of mid-level executives were identified. The data obtained during the CC monitoring can be used for the development of communication strategies within the clinic (including in the distribution of functional responsibilities), as well as for image-building activities aimed at the external environment.

ABSTRACT The anillin-related protein Bud4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for axial bud site selection by linking the axial landmark to the septins, which localize at the mother bud neck. Recent studies indicate that Bud4 plays a role in septin organization during cytokinesis. Here we show that Bud4 is also involved in septin organization during bud growth prior to cytokinesis, as bud4 Δ shs1 Δ cells displayed an elongated bud morphology and defective septin organization at 18°C. Bud4 overexpression also affected septin organization during bud growth in shs1 Δ cells at 30°C. Bud4 was previously thought to associate with the septins via its central region, while the C-terminal anillin-related region was not involved in septin association. Surprisingly, we found that the central region of Bud4 alone targets to the bud neck throughout the cell cycle, unlike full-length Bud4, which localizes to the bud neck only during G 2 /M phase. We identified the anillin-related region to be a second targeting domain that cooperates with the central region for proper septin association. In addition, the anillin-related region could largely mediate Bud4's function in septin organization during bud growth and bud site selection. We show that this region interacts with the C terminus of Bud3 and the two segments depend on each other for association with the septins. Moreover, like the bud4 Δ mutant, the bud3 Δ mutant genetically interacts with shs1 Δ and cdc12-6 mutants in septin organization, suggesting that Bud4 and Bud3 may cooperate in septin organization during bud growth. These observations provide new insights into the interaction of Bud4 with the septins and Bud3.

The subject of this research is the innovation potential and psychological resistance of young people with various degree of involvement in entrepreneurial activity. The authors provide the results of study focused on determination intergroup discrepancies of indicated phenomenon in different sampling frame (from Russia and Kazakhstan). The article also presents the results of worth with high school students, who make first tryouts in entrepreneurship and view this activity as their future profession. Special attention is paid to the form in which the work was conducted: a business game on the basis of Business Forum for youth. The following methods were applied in the course of research: &nbsp;G. Hofstede&rsquo;s value assessment technique; R. Inglehart&rsquo;s modified value survey; E. Y. Mandrikova&rsquo;s self-organization of activity questionnaire; D. A. Leontiev&rsquo;s &ldquo;Differential Test of Reflection&rdquo;; E. Diener&rsquo;s satisfaction with life scale; S. Maddy&rsquo;s viability test; D. McLain&rsquo;s Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance (MSTAT-I); K. M. Sheldon&rsquo;s/J. C. Hilpert&rsquo;s BMPN (balanced measure of psychological needs) method; D. Jackson&rsquo;s PDF (personality research form) method; R. McCrae&rsquo;s/P.Costa&rsquo;s &ldquo;Openness&rdquo; scale B5; N. M. Lebedeva&rsquo;s/A. N. Tatarko&rsquo;s Scale of self-esteem of innovation personality traits. The conclusion is made that the participants from Karaganda (Kazakhstan) have higher innovation potential and level of psychological resistance that the high school students from Tomsk Region of Russia. The young people from Kazakhstan are more motivated towards development and have conscious perception of the choice of their professional activity. The participants from Russia also show preparedness for development, but certain deficits that may serve as a barrier were determined: reduced interest to own activity, low level of orientation towards environment.

B a c k g r o u n d . The article provides a description of the Horn of Africa and examines recent security transformations for a number of states in the region. The Horn of Africa is a strategically important region for African and global trade and security. The organization of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development is the main platform for the settlement of complex interstate relations for the countries of the region. M e t h o d s . The following methods were used: analytical, historical, generalization. During the research, the authors relied on the principle of objectivism. R e s u l t s . In the region of the Horn of Africa, intense rivalry and competition between states is observed, which does not contribute to the consolidation and solution of security challenges, and as a result to the economic growth of the region as a whole. Numerous conflicts both within individual states of the Horn of Africa and between them undermine the stability of the region. Competition for the influence of extra regional powers also does not contribute to the consolidation of the states of the Horn of Africa. C o n c l u s i o n s . The conflictogenicity of the Horn of Africa develops according to the "spillover" effect, which emphasizes the interdependence of the security situation of the states of the region. Conflicts developing in different states of the region have a tendency to spread beyond the sovereign borders of the countries and have an impact on the destabilization of other states of the region. In particular, the long-term conflict in Somalia is affecting the destabilization of neighboring Kenya and Ethiopia. The conflicts in Sudan affect the security situation in South Sudan and Ethiopia, etc.

Desmosomes are specialized domains of epithelial cell plasma membranes engaged in the anchoring of intermediate filaments (IF). So far, the desmosomal component(s) responsible for this binding has not been unambiguously identified. In the present work, we have examined bovine muzzle epidermis desmosomes for the presence of protein(s) structurally and functionally related to lamin B, the major receptor for IF in the nuclear envelope (Georgatos, S. D., and G. Blobel. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 105:105-115). By using polyclonal antibodies to lamin B in immunoblotting experiments, we find that a desmosomal protein of 140-kD shares epitope(s) with lamin B. Immunoelectron microscopic and urea extraction experiments show that this protein is a peripheral protein localized at the cytoplasmic side of the desmosomes (desmosomal plaques). Furthermore, this protein binds vimentin in an in vitro assay. Since this binding is inhibited by lamin B antibodies, the epitopes common to the 140-kD protein and to lamin B may be responsible for anchoring of intermediate filaments to desmosomes. These data suggest that lamin B-related proteins (see also Cartaud, A., J. C. Courvalin, M. A. Ludosky, and J. Cartaud. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:1745-1752) together with lamin B, provide cells with several nucleation sites, which can account for the multiplicity of IF organization in tissues.

Baron, D., & Hill, P. B. (Hrsg.) (2018). Atypische Beschäftigung und ihre sozialen Konsequenzen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS / Bosch, G., Hüttenhoff, F., & Weinkopf, C. (2019). Kontrolle von Mindestlöhnen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS / Hertwig, M., & Wirth, C., unter Mitarbeit von Kirsch, J. (2021). Praktiken der Onsite-Werkvertragsnutzung in Deutschland. Management, Arbeit und Interessenvertretung. Baden-Baden: Nomos / Kalleberg, A. L. (2018). Precarious Lives. Job Insecurity and Well-Being in Rich Democracies. Cambridge-Medford: Polity Press / Kalleberg, A. L.,& Vallas, S. P. (eds.) (2018). Precarious work. Research in the Sociology of Work (Volume 31). Bingley, UK: Emerald / Kohlrausch, B., Schildmann, C., & Voss, D. (Hrsg.) (2019). Neue Arbeit – neue Ungleichheiten? Folgen der Digitalisierung. Weinheim-Basel: Beltz Juventa / Stuth, S. (2017a). Closing in on closure. Occupational closure and termporary employment in Germany. Economic Sociology and Political Economy (Volume 1). Baden-Baden: Nomos.

A literature survey revealed that several wild indigenous Southern African fruits had previously not been evaluated for their proximate and amino acid composition, as well as the total energy value (caloric value). Fourteen species including Carissa macrocarpa, Carpobrotus edulis, Dovyalis caffra, Halleria lucida, Manilkara mochisia, Pappea capensis, Phoenix reclinata, and Syzygium guineense were analyzed in this study. The nutritional values for several species such as C. edulis, H. lucida, P. reclinata, and M. mochisia are being reported here for the first time. The following fruits had the highest proximate values: C. macrocarpa (ash at 20.42 mg/100 g), S. guineense (fat at 7.75 mg/100 g), P. reclinata (fiber at 29.89 mg/100 g), and H. lucida (protein at 6.98 mg/100 g and carbohydrates at 36.98 mg/100 g). Essential amino acids such as histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and valine were reported in all studied indigenous fruits. The high protein content in H. lucida was exhibited by the highest amino acid quantities for histidine. However, the fruits are a poor source of proteins since the content is lower than the recommended daily intake. The jacket-plum (Pappea capensis), on the other hand, meets and exceeds the required daily intake of lysine (0.0003 g/100 g or 13 mg/kg) recommended by the World Health Organization.

Andina Elock, Arga, & Pujiyono. (2024). COMPARISON OF POLITICAL DYNASTY IN INDONESIA AND THE UNITED STATES. Revista de Gestão Social eAmbiental. Obtenido de https://rgsa.emnuvens.com.br/rgsa/article/view/4573 Asamblea Constituyente de Ecuador. (2007-2008). Constitución del Ecuador. Montecristi. Asamblea Nacional. Montecristi: CÓDIGO ORGÁNICO INTEGRAL PENAL, COIP. Registro Oficial del Ecuador. Benavides-Benalcázar, M. (2017). El debido proceso y el sistema procesal penal. Obtenido de https://derechoecuador.com/garantia-del-debido-proceso/ Castro-Arroyo, R. (2021). El debido proceso y el sistema procesal penal. Obtenido de https://derechoecuador.com/debido-proceso-en-ecuador/ Clery Aguirre, A. G. (2015). El acceso a la información pública: análisis de la experiencia europea y española y bases para su regulación en la República del Ecuador. Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona. Corte Constitucional del Ecuador. (2018). Sentencia: No. 001-18-PJO-CC. Quito: Corte Constitucional del Ecuador. Corte Nacional de Justicia. (2017). Criterios sobre inteligencia y aplicación de la ley Materias Penales. Quito: Jefatura de Biblioteca, Gaceta y Museo de la CNJ. Corte Nacional de Justicia. (2021). RESOLUCIÓN No. 14-2021. Quito: Corte Nacional de Justicia. Devis-Echandía, H. (1981). Teoría General de la Prueba Judicial. Bogotá: Temis S. A. Durán, M. C., Dimas Flores, K. R., & Rodríguez Romero, E. A. (2004). Consecuencias jurídicas derivadas del principio reversión de la carga de la prueba en los procesos de filiación y pensión alimentaria. San Salvador. Durán-Chávez, C. E., & Henríquez-Jiménez, C. D. (2021). El principio de imparcialidad como fundamento de la actuación del juez y su relación con el debido proceso. Revista Científica UISRAEL, 173-190. Florian Krauth, S. (2018). La Prisión Preventiva en el Ecuador. Quito: Defensoría Pública del Ecuador. Guerra, V. S. (2011). Imperium de las sentencias judiciales en Roma y en la actualidad. Revista de Derecho Privado, 59-86. Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC). (2021). Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU). Quito: Dirección de Innovación en Métricas y Metodologías. Inter-American Court of Human Rights. (2021). Chaparro Álvarez y Lapo Íñiguez vs. Ecuador. Excepciones preliminares, Fondo, Reparaciones y Costas. Sentencia, 21. Inthomya, S., & Sirivunnabood, P. (2024). THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROYAL THAI POLICE CRIMINAL CASE INVESTIGATION SYSTEM AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS CONCEPTS. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, e3446. Lizama, M. N. (2018). Los informes de arraigo: un análisis desde la perspectiva de los Servicios Sociales. Cuadernos de Trabajo Social, 85-93. Mestanza, M. (2018). Medidas Cautelares. La Hora. Molina-Benavides, L. S., Vera Campuzano, N., Parrales-Loor, G., Laínez-Quinde, A., & Clery-Aguirre, A. (2017). Investigación aplicada en Ciencias Sociales. La Libertad: Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena. Organization of American States. (1978). Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos (Pacto de San José de Costa Rica). San José. Osco Escobedo, & et al. . (2024). DIGITAL EVIDENCE AS A MEANS OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS. Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.18.n.4 | p.1-13 | e04585 | 2024. Obtenido de https://rgsa.emnuvens.com.br/rgsa/article/view/4585 Palacios-Quinto, R. (2017). El corazón de Salinas para el mundo. Salinas: Kindle. Ramírez Carvajal, D. M. (2013). Contornos del derecho procesal contemporáneo. luces desde la obra de Michele Taruffo. Academia & Derecho, 171-188. Real Academia Española. (2013). Diccionario panhispánico del español jurídico. Obtenido de https://dpej.rae.es/lema/medida-cautelar Reyes Molina, S. (2012). Presunción de inocencia y estándar de prueba en el proceso penal: Reflexiones sobre el caso chileno. Revista de derecho (Valdivia), 229-247. Reyes Valenzuela, C., Jaramillo Tejada, F., Jayo Suquillo, L., Merlyn Sacoto, M. F., & Martos-Méndez, M. J. (2017). Dimensiones de integración social en población colombiana y cubana que vive en Quito, Ecuador. Universitas Psychologica, 234-247. Tapakova, V., Abdrasulov, E., Kulbaeva, M., Shaykhadenov, R., & Zhumadilov, A. (2023). Ways to Improve Legal Mechanisms’ Efficiency in Protecting Human Rights and Freedom. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 1698-1698. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i9.1698.

B a c k g r o u n d . In 2019, the Moscow Government decided to conduct a large-scale scientific research – an the Experiment on the use of innovative computer vision technologies for medical image analysis and subsequent applicability in the healthcare system of Moscow (www.mosmed.ai). O b j e c t i v e – analyze engagement, attitudes and feedback from doctors-radiologists in frame of the Experiment. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The Experiment is a prospective research approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and registered with Clinicaltrails.gov (ID NCT04489992). Patients signed informed voluntary consent. On the date 01.10.2020, ten services are involved in the Experiment, they providing automated analysis of chest computed tomography and x-ray, mammography. The study includes quantitative indicators of the Experiment from 06/18/2020 to 10/01/2020. Methods of social survey, descriptive statistics, assessment of diagnostic accuracy metrics were used. R e s u l t s a n d d i s c u s s i o n . During the first four months of the active phase of the Experiment, ten computer vision services were integrate into Unified Radiology Service of Moscow. More then 497 thousand studies have been successfully analyzed. Analyzes is carried out for 884 diagnostic devices in 293 medical organizations, 272 of them are actively involved. The involvement of medical organizations is 82%. The median time for automatic analysis of 1 study is 8 minutes. Overall, 63% of studies were analyzed in less than 15 minutes. At the beginning of the Experiment, 538 doctors had access to the system; in four months this number increased to 899. The involvement of doctors was 24%, which is slightly higher than the global indicators. According to the results of a sociological survey, the attitude to AI technologies of Moscow radiologists can be characterize as expectant, moderately optimistic. Radiologists have determined that the results of computer vision services are fully consistent with the real situation in 64% of cases. In 36% cases some inconsistencies were recorded; of this number, significant discrepancies took place in 6%, insignificant – in 23%. C o n c l u s i o n . Results of the Experiment’s first four months can be consider as successful. A high level of involvement of radiologists is define. Special measures will be implement to increase the involvement of radiologists, as well as a comprehensive comparative assessment of the work of services at the further stages of the Experiment.

The efficiency of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication is dependent on the structural organization of the regulatory region. The enhancing effect of the G + C-rich 21-base-pair (bp) repeats on SV40 DNA replication is position and dose dependent and to some extent orientation dependent. The inverted orientation is about 50% as effective as the normal orientation of the 21-bp repeat region. Movement of the 21-bp repeat region 180 or 370 bp upstream of the ori sequence abolishes its enhancing effect, whereas no replication is detected if the 21-bp repeat region is placed downstream of the ori sequence. The dose-dependent enhancement of the 21-bp repeat of SV40 DNA replication as first described in single transfection by Bergsma et al. (D. J. Bergsma, D. M. Olive, S. W. Hartzell, and K. N. Subramanian, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:381-385, 1982) is dramatically amplified in mixed transfection. In the presence of the 21-bp repeat region, the 72-bp repeat region can enhance SV40 DNA replication. In the presence of the 21-bp repeats and a competitive environment, the 72-bp repeat region exhibits a cis-acting inhibitory effect on SV40 DNA replication.

The efficiency of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication is dependent on the structural organization of the regulatory region. The enhancing effect of the G + C-rich 21-base-pair (bp) repeats on SV40 DNA replication is position and dose dependent and to some extent orientation dependent. The inverted orientation is about 50% as effective as the normal orientation of the 21-bp repeat region. Movement of the 21-bp repeat region 180 or 370 bp upstream of the ori sequence abolishes its enhancing effect, whereas no replication is detected if the 21-bp repeat region is placed downstream of the ori sequence. The dose-dependent enhancement of the 21-bp repeat of SV40 DNA replication as first described in single transfection by Bergsma et al. (D. J. Bergsma, D. M. Olive, S. W. Hartzell, and K. N. Subramanian, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:381-385, 1982) is dramatically amplified in mixed transfection. In the presence of the 21-bp repeat region, the 72-bp repeat region can enhance SV40 DNA replication. In the presence of the 21-bp repeats and a competitive environment, the 72-bp repeat region exhibits a cis-acting inhibitory effect on SV40 DNA replication.

Se estudió el impacto psicológico frene al COVID – 19 en los internos de enfermería de prácticas pre – profesionales en relación a las variables sociodemográficas y los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y miedo. Para el análisis se consideró a 150 internos prácticos de la carrera de enfermería, para la evaluación de este estudio se utilizaron las escalas de STAI, IDER, FCV19S y K10. Los resultados exponen que existe mayor nivel de ansiedad en los internos que declararon no tener equipos de bioseguridad necesarios. Los internos que rotan en el área hospitalaria presentan mayores niveles de ansiedad, miedo y malestar psicológico compara con los internos del área comunitaria. Sin embargo, los niveles de depresión fueron ligeramente mayores en los internos de área comunitaria. No hubo diferencia significativa de los estados emocionales entre mujeres y varones. Palabras Clave: Ansiedad, depresión, miedo al COVID-19, impacto psicológico. Referencias [1]M. Del Campo, «Covid-19 y su impacto en la salud y el trabajo,» Revista de la Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo, vol. 29, nº 3, p. 183, 2020. [2]H. Scholten, VE. Quezada-Scholz, G.Salas, NA. Barria Aseenio, R. Molina, JE. García, M. Juliá, A. Marinero, A. Zambrano, E. Gómez, A. Cheroni, T. Caycho-Rodriguez, T. Reyes, N. Pinochet, P. Binde, J. Uribe, C. Rojas, J. Bernal, F. Somarriva, “Abordaje psicológico del COVID-19: Una revisión narrativa de la experiencia latinoamericana,” Rev Interam Psicol J Psychol, vol. 54, pp.287, May. 2020. [3]A. Tusev, L. Tonon, y M. Capella, “Efectos Iniciales en la Salud Mental por la Pandemia de Covid-19 en algunas Provincias de Ecuador”, IRR, vol. 15, pp. 11-24, oct. 2020. [4]Ministerio de Salud Pública (2020, marzo 13) Informe de situación N° 001.[En línea]. Disponible en: https://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Informe-de-Situaci%C3%B3n-No001-Casos-Coronavirus-Ecuador-12032020.pdf [5]F. De Caneva, M. García-Gómez, E Baur, “Salud emocional del personal sanitario del Área de Urgencias durante la pandemia COVID-19”, Rev. Med Clin. Vol. 155, no. 8, pp. 365, junio 2020. [6]S Dubey, P. Biswas, R. Ghosh, S. Chatterjee, MJ. Dubey, S. Chatterjee, D. Lahiri, CJ. Lavie, “Psychosocial impact of COVID-19”, Rev Diabetes Metab Syndr. Vol.14, no. 5, pp. 779-788, septiembre-octubre. 2020. [7]G. Arias, F. Navarrete, M. Flor, “Factores asociados al bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes de la escuela académico-profesional de odontología de la Universidad nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann”, Revista médica Basadrina. Vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 28-30, septiembre. 2013. [8]S. Sandoval, A. Dorner, A. Véliz, “Bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de carreras de la salud,” Rev Investigación en Educación Médica, Vol. 6, no. 24, pp.260-266, diciembre 2017. [9]C. Mitchell, OPS/OMS | La OMS (2020, octubre 23) caracteriza a COVID-19 como una pandemia. Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization [En línea] Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=-com_content&view=article&id=15756:who-characterizes-covid-19-as-a-pandemic&Itemid=1926&lang=es [10]MC. Johnson, L. Saletti-Cuesta, N. Tumas, “Emociones, preocupaciones y reflexiones frente a la pandemia del COVID-19 en Argentina,” Rev Ciênc Saúde Coletiva, vol 25(suppl 1), pp. 2447-56, junio. 2020. [11]L. Hernani, A. Aquino, E. Araujo, “Relación entre el bienestar auto percibido, autoestima, inteligencia emocional, personalidad y razonamiento, abstracto en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios,” Revista peruana de Psicología y trabajo social, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 49-62, mayo. 2013. [12]N. Ozamiz-Etxebarria, M. Dosil-Santamaria, M. Picaza-Gorrochategui, N. Idoiaga-Mondragon, “Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España,” Cad Saúde Pública, vol. 36, no. 4, abril. 2020. [13]H. Blake, F. Bermingham, G. Johnson, and A. Tabner, “Mitigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers: A Digital Learning Package,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 2997, abril 2020. [14]M. Walton, E. Murray, MD. Christian, “Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Rev. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 241-247, Abril. 2020. [15]J. Shijo, P. Gunaseelan, S. Bhandari, S. Dutta, “How the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) could have a quivering impact on mental health?,” Rev. Open J Psychiatry Allied Sci, vol.11, no. 2, pp.135-136, julio-diciembre. 2020. [16]W. El-Hage, C. Hingray, C. Lemogne, A. Yrondi, P. Brunault, T. Bienvenu, B. Etain, C. Paquet, B. Gohier, D Bennabi, P. Birmes, A. Sauvaget, E. Fakra, N. Prieto, S. Bulteau, P. Vidailhet, V. Camus, M. Levoyer, M. Krebs, B. 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Phono-stylistics is a promising research area. Expressive power of a text depends on its phonetic imagery. The research objective was to identify the pragmatic features of phonic expressive means in translations of contemporary English poetry. The methods included a comparative analysis, phono-semantic and phono-stylistic interpretation of the original poems and their translations, and O. N. Tynyanov's law of versification. The method of sound counting developed by E. V. Elkina and L. S. Yudina was used to calculate the frequency of sounds in the context of phono-semantic analysis in the Russian translations. The method of sound counting designed by Tsoi Vi Chuen Thomas was used to calculate the frequency of sounds in the original English texts. The theoretical foundation of the research was formed by the works by M. A. Balash, G. V. Vekshin, Z. S. Dotmurzieva, V. N. Elkina, A. P. Zhuravlev, L. V. Laenko, F. Miko, L. P. Prokofyeva, E. A. Titov, etc. The study featured the phonics and pragmatics of S. Dugdale’s poem Zaitz and its three translations made by E. Tretyakova, A. Shchetinina, and M. Vinogradova, and C. E. Duffy’s Anne Hathaway translated by Yu. Fokina. The author compared the pragmatics of sound imagery in the English originals and their Russian translations. The research made it possible to define the role of sound imagery in the poetic discourse, as well as the relationship between the sound organization of poetic speech and the pragmatic value at the phonographic level. The results can be used in courses of translation, stylistics, and phonetics.

B a c k g r o u n d . The relevance and purpose of the research. Institutions of higher education (HEIs) are mostly city-forming objects, and the design of the surrounding territory affects their image, the aestheticization of the environment, and performs a decorative function. Today's challenges require the improvement of landscapes and architecture of higher education institutions, and this problem is urgent, because universities gather a large number of young people from different regions and countries of the world, who have to live and study in appropriate comfortable conditions. Mostly, the problem of organizing the territory is considered from the point of view of greening, rather than a comprehensive landscape project. Therefore, the formation of a holistic space of the university campus, taking into account modern scientific approaches to the design of landscape architecture objects in the conditions of global climate change, seems to be extremely relevant. The goal is to conduct an analysis of the features of the organization of the green zone of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University campus (Exhibition Center campus) taking into account the requirements that are put forward to the higher educational institution. Research materials and methods. The object of research was the territory of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University campus (Exhibition Center campus). M e t h o d s . Methods of searching for information in printed and electronic publications, searchable scientific databases, as well as methods of data analysis, comparison and generalization, field surveys, measurements on geodetic maps using the AutoCADin vector format. R e s u l t s . The standards for greening the territory of the ZVO were analyzed. The state of green spaces of higher educational institutions depends on the selection of plants adapted to climatic and soil conditions, as well as recreational loads. Most Ukrainian institutions of higher education do not meet the standards of "green universities". The functional zoning of the KNU campus (Exhibition Center) complies with building regulations, but the green area on the territory is distributed unevenly. It is necessary to pay attention to the use of phytoorganic background of green park plantings as an option of aerofitotherapy, taking into account modern data on the positive effect of biogenic volatile organic substances on the human body. C o n c l u s i o n s . The green zone is an integral element of the structure of educational campuses, when developing each of the design options for the solution of the territory, it is necessary to offer a new image that corresponds to modern trends in design and will make it possible to create a functionally sufficient and unique environment.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan kausalitas antara konsumsi energi konvensional, pertumbuhan ekonom, emisi karbon dioksida, dan konsumsi energi terbarukan di 39 negara Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI) periode 1992-2018. Metode yang diterapkan ialah uji kausalitas Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) yang memperbolehkan adanya heterogenitas dan cross-sectional dependence. Temuan dari penelitian ini ialah terdapat interdependensi antara konsumsi energi konvensional dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan konsumsi energi terbarukan dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi sebagaimana teori RKC U-shaped. Pertumbuhan ekonomi menyebabkan emisi karbon dioksida sebagaimana teori EKC-Kuznets. Tidak ditemukannnya hubungan kausalitas antara konsumsi energi konvensional dan terbarukan dengan emisi karbon dioksida. Penerapan kebijakan konservasi dapat diterapkan dengan memperhatikan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian terdahulu, menguji hubungan kausalitas tanpa memperhatikan cross-sectional dependence dan tidak memisahkan antara konsumsi energi konvensional dengan energi terbarukan. Kata Kunci: Energi terbarukan, Degradasi Lingkungan, Kausalitas. ABSTRACTThis research aims to find causality between conventional energy consumption, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, and renewable energy consumption in 39 countries of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) on 1992-2018. The method used Dumitrescu-Hurlin Causality Test (2012) that allows heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. The outcome affirms that there is interdependency between conventional energy consumption and economic growth, but renewable energy consumption affected economic growth that confirms RKC U-Shaped theory. The impact of economic growth affects environmental degradation, carbon dioxide emissions which accept EKC-Kuznets theory. 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Las estrategias de gestión empresarial tienen como finalidad crear y mantener ventajas competitivas a través de un plan de acción de manera que sea sostenible en el tiempo, sin embargo el éxito de las mismas dependerá de la mejora continua en el modelo de gestión empresarial y así aumentar la productividad, competitividad, y eficiencia. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la heterogeneidad del modelo de gestión estratégica empresarial mediante el meta-análisis de dimensiones. El diseño metodológico tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo de corte histórico-hermenéutico, pues el levantamiento de información se realizó mediante una modalidad bibliográfica. El método aplicado fue el meta-análisis que permitió calcular el tamaño de la variación teórica. El resultado principal fue que la heterogeneidad se presentó con mayor énfasis en la estrategia de costos con relación a las otras dimensiones. Se concluyó que el incorrecto manejo de las estrategias empresarial depende del déficit existente en la planeación sistemática. Palabras Clave: gestión empresarial, meta-análisis, planeación sistemática. Referencias [1]A. Villacis, S. Prado, J. Cedeño y L. Morales, «Adinistración una herramienta de la planificación,» Revista Ceintifica Mundo de la Investigación y El Conocimiento, pp. 737-751, 2018. [2]H. Contreras, «Estrategia Empresarial,» In ColeÇāo Gestāo Empresarial , pp. 15-26, 2002. [3]M. Suarez, «Gestión empresarial: un paradigma del siglo XXI,» Revista Científica FIPCAEC (Fomento de La Investigación y Publicación En Ciencias Administrativas, Económicas y Contables), pp. 44-64, 2018. [4]B. Peña, P. del Henar y G. Gonzalez, «Estartegias inteligentes de comunicación interna y gestión empresarial,» Revista Opción, pp. 1-23, 2015. [5]S. Lee, C. Hahn, M. Rhee, J. Song, Y. Chen y G. 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Sharenting is a habit of using social media to share content that disseminates pictures, videos, information, and parenting styles for their children. The purpose of this article is to describe the sharenting phenomenon that occurs among young parents, and the importance of parenting programs, rather than protecting children's privacy. Writing articles use a qualitative approach as a literature review method that utilizes various scientific articles describing the sharenting phenomenon in various countries. The findings show that sharenting behaviour can create the spread of children's identity openly on social media and tends not to protect children's privacy and even seems to exploit children. Apart from that, sharenting can also create pressure on the children themselves and can even have an impact on online crime. 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(2019). ‘Sharenting’ on Chinese Social Media: When Parents Are Posting Too Many Baby Pics on WeChat. What’s on Weibo Reporting Social Trends in China. Krisnawati, E. (2016). Mempertanyakan Privasi di Era Selebgram: Masih Adakah? Jurnal IIlmu Komunikasi, 13(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v13i2.682 Latipah, E., Adi Kistoro, H. C., Hasanah, F. F., & Putranta, H. (2020). Elaborating motive and psychological impact of sharenting in millennial parents. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(10), 4807–4817. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081052 Leaver, T. (2020). Balancing privacy: Sharenting, intimate surveillance, and the right to be forgotten. In The Routledge Companion to Digital Media and Children. https://doi.org/10.33767/osf.io/fwmr2 Lee, S. J., Ward, K. P., Chang, O. D., & Downing, K. M. (2021). Parenting activities and the transition to home-based education during the COVID-19 pandemic. 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Procedia Computer Science, 177, 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.10.026 Marasli, M., Sühendan, E., Yilmazturk, N. H., & Cok, F. (2016). Parents’ shares on social networking sites about their children: Sharenting. Anthropologist, 24(2), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2016.11892031 Mikton, C., & Butchart, A. (2009). Child maltreatment prevention: A systematic review of reviews. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87(5), 353–361. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.08.057075 Miyazaki, A. D. (2008). Online Privacy and the Disclosure of Cookie Use: Effects on Consumer Trust and Anticipated Patronage. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 27(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.27.1.19 Morris, A. S., Robinson, L. R., Hays-Grudo, J., Claussen, A. H., Hartwig, S. A., & Treat, A. E. (2017). Targeting Parenting in Early Childhood: A Public Health Approach to Improve Outcomes for Children Living in Poverty. 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The life of people with disabilities are marked by adverse situations, like architectural barriers, communication barriers and attitudinal barriers, This group also suffers from violent situations in their daily lifes, such as physical and verbal aggression. In the current scientific production, there is few researches that investigates the discourse of the person victim of violence, a fact that, on one hand, may characterize some ignorance of the situations experienced by these people, and, on the other hand, may result in discredit of the discourse of people with disabilities. The objective of this research was to investigate the violence experienced by people with disabilities through a case study of a young person with physical disability. The research was descriptive and had a qualitative nature, using the theoretical framework of the Sociology of disability, Violence and Stigma. Semi-structured interview was conducted, using Comprehensive Sociology as a data analysis tool. The results showed that insults and exclusions are a part of the daily life of the young, actions that can be classified as bullying. The young experience several conflicts in the school environment, having some of these conflicts resolved through the mediation of professionals. Violence against people with disabilities is a dynamic and recurring phenomenon, requiring prevention and intervention programs in the school and other researches on the theme that focuses on the victim point of view.ResumoA vida das pessoas com deficiência é marcada por situações adversas, como barreiras físicas, comunicacionais e atitudinais. Esse grupo também sofre de situações violentas em seu cotidiano, como agressões físicas e verbais. Na produção científica atual se notam poucas pesquisas que investigam o discurso da própria pessoa vítima de violência, fato esse que, de um lado, pode caracterizar desconhecimento das situações vividas por essas pessoas e, por outro, pode resultar em um descrédito em relação ao discurso das pessoas com deficiência. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as violências vividas por pessoas com deficiência por meio de um estudo de caso de um jovem com deficiência física. A pesquisa realizada foi descritiva e de natureza qualitativa, utilizando-se do referencial teórico da Sociologia da Deficiência, da Violência e do Estigma. Foi realizada entrevista a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado de questões, sendo utilizada a Sociologia Compreensiva como ferramenta de análise dos dados. Os resultados mostraram que xingamentos e exclusões fazem parte do cotidiano do jovem com deficiência, ações tais que podem, legalmente, ser tidas como bullying. O jovem vive diversos conflitos no ambiente escolar, tendo alguns desses conflitos resolvidos a partir da mediação de profissionais. A violência contra as pessoas com deficiência é um fenômeno dinâmico e recorrente, são necessários programas de prevenção e de intervenção no ambiente escolar, além de outras pesquisas sobre a temática que focalizem a perspectiva da vítima.Palavras-chave: Violência, Pessoas com deficiência, Estigma, Bullying.Keywords: Violence, Disabled Persons, Stigma, Bullying.ReferencesABRAMOVAY, M. Cotidiano das escolas: entre violências. Brasília, DF: Unesco, Observatório de Violência, Ministério da Educação 2006.AMARAL, L. A. Sobre crocodilos e avestruzes: falando de diferenças físicas, preconceitos e sua superação. In: Diferenças e preconceito na escola: alternativas teóricas e práticas. Volume 5. São Paulo: Summus, 1998. p. 11-30.ARANHA, M. S. F. Paradigmas da relação da sociedade com as pessoas com deficiência. 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This work aimed to study hazardous air pollutants in Jeddah city, between 2010 - 2018. The study of the spatial distribution of (NOX, SO2, PM10) was done by the application of the geostatistical method IDW. Daily observation Data were collected from three field observation stations (Bani Malik, Stadium, Industrial activity), and treated in ArcGIS environment. According to the obtained results, in the year 2010, NOX varies between (25 – 62.99 ppb), with very important concentrations in the south of the study area, surrounding the industrial activities. While in the year 2018, the highest concentrations were between (25 – 30.99 ppb) in the north of the study area. the spatial distribution of SO2 was very important in the south of the study area, compared to the highest concentrations in the north in 2018. The spatial distribution of PM10 was between (153 – 173 µg/m3) in the south of the study area, in 2018 we noticed a decrease of the PM10 concentration, in the industrial area with values between (67 – 77 µg/m3). Even though a lot of work must be done to improve air quality in the city of Jeddah to meet international air quality standards in modern cities. REFERENCES: Al-Ahmadi, K., See, L., Heppenstall, A., & Hogg, J. (2009). Calibration of a fuzzy cellularautomata model of urban dynamics in Sfig Saudi Arabia. Ecological Complexity, 6 (2),80–101.Al-Hathloul, S., & Mughal, M. (2004). Urban growth management—the Saudi experience.Habitat International, 28 (4), 609–623.Aljoufie, M., Zuidgeest, M.H.P., Brussel, M.J.G., & van Maarseveen, M.F.A.M. (2011).Urban growth and transport understanding the spatial-temporal relationship. In: Pratelli,A., Brebbia, CA. (Eds.), Urban transport XVII: urban transport and the environment inthe 21st Century. 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O objetivo central deste artigo é tentar compreender por meio da visão dos colaboradores de uma pequena empresa de produtos ortopédicos, as suas principais percepções, relacionadas ao compartilhamento de conhecimento organizacional. O método escolhido para a pesquisa é qualitativo com a tipologia qualitativa básica. Para a análise de resultados, foi utilizada a técnica de análise temática de Braun e Clarke. Os principais resultados encontrados demonstram que o compartilhamento de conhecimento na organização é realizado por intermédio da utilização das tecnologias de comunicações comuns ao público, assim como, com a realização frequente da técnica de brainstorming, conversas rápidas e outras estratégias para resolução de problemas conforme identificados nesta pesquisa. Referências Alavi, M., & Leidn, D. E. (2001). Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly, 25, 107–136. Allameh, S. M.; Khozani, M. K.; Baniasadi, B. (2020) Consequences of knowledge processes in small businesses: the role of knowledge acquisition, dynamic capabilities, knowledge sharing and creativity. Int. J. Process Management and Benchmarking, Vol. 10, No. 1. Braun, V.; Clarke, V. (2012) Thematic analysis. In: Cooper, H. et al. (Eds.). APA handbook of research methods in psychology, v. 2, Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, v. 2 p. 57-71. Creswell, J. W. (2007) Projeto de pesquisa: Métodos qualitativo, quantitativo e misto. 2. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed. Cummings, J. (2003) Knowledge Sharing: A Review of the Literature. Washington D. C.: The World Bank Operations Evaluation Department. Dalkir, K. (2005) Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. Oxford, UK: Elsevier. Drucker, P. F. (1993) Sociedade Pós-Capitalista. São Paulo: Pioneira. Gold H. A.; Malhotra, A; Segars, A, H.; (2001). Knowledge management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18 (1), 185-214. Gray, C. (2006). Absorptive capacity, knowledge management and innovation in entrepreneurial small firms. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 12 (6),345-360. Harel, R.; Schwartz, D.; Kaufmann, D. (2020) Sharing knowledge processes for promoting innovation in small businesses. European Journal of Innovation Management. ISO 30401:2018. (2018) International Organization For Standardization. Knowledge Management Systems – Requirements. Genebra: ISO. Kayas, O, G.; Wright, G. (2018) Knowledge Management and Organisational Culture. The Palgrave Handbook of Knowledge Management. ISBN 978-3-319-71434-9 (eBook). Merriam, S. B. (2009) Qualitative research: a guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Wiley, 2009. Morgan, G. (1980) Paradigms, metaphors, and puzzle solving in organization theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 25, n. 4, p. 605-622. Na Ubon, A.; Kimble, C. (2002) Knowledge Management in Online Distance Education. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference Networked Learning, University of Sheffield, UK, pp. 465-473. Ngah e Ibrahim (2010). The Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Organizational Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises. Santos, N.; Rados, G. J. V. (2020) Fundamentos teóricos de gestão do conhecimento. E-book. – 1. ed. – Florianópolis: Pandion, 114 p. Takeuchi, H.; Nonaka, I. (2008) Criação e dialética do conhecimento. In: Takeuchi, H.; Nonaka, I. Gestão do conhecimento. Porto Alegre: Bookman. Utami, Y.; Rofik, M.; Cahyaningtyas, N. W.; Darminto, D. P. (2021). Impact of Knowledge Sharing and Innovation on Small Business Performance. CISIS 2020: Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems pp 408-411.

This study aimed to analyze the correlation between Human Capital Sustainability Leadership style and manager resilience through a pragmatic worldview. Using explanatory sequential mixed methods research design (QUAN→qual), respondents covered were managers from the Airline Operations Group of an AIRLINE Company with at least one year of managerial experience within the organization. In the quantitative phase, Human Capital Sustainability Leadership Scale by Di Fabio and Peiro (2018) and Domain-Specific Resilient Systems Scales (DRSSWork) by Maltby, Day, Hall, and Chivers (2019) were used for the online survey. Forty-five (45) eligible respondents have participated. Mean, standard deviation, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were employed. To further explain the quantitative results, one-on-one qualitative interviews were done with eight (8) key informants, face-toface and online. Themes were identified. Results showed that Human Capital Sustainability Leadership style was exhibited by the Airline Operations Group managers to a very high degree while resilience was exhibited to a high degree. There was a linear, positive, and highly significant correlation between Human Capital Sustainability Leadership style and resilience. Each aspect of the Human Capital Sustainability Leadership style was positively, highly, and significantly correlated with manager resilience. Through triangulation, a model of leadership styles and manager resiliency was built. To implement the model, implications for a management development program were identified.ReferencesAcosta, H., Cruz-Ortiz, V., Salanova, M., & Llorens S. (2015). Healthy organization: Analysing its meaning based on the HERO model. Revista de Psicologia Social, 30 (2), 323-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21711976.2015.1016751.Ashegi, M. & Hashemi, E. (2019). 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All eukaryotic protein-coding genes are believed to be transcribed by RNA polymerase (Pol) II. An exception may exist in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, in which the genes encoding the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) and procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) are transcribed by an RNA polymerase that is resistant to the Pol II inhibitor alpha-amanitin. The PARP and VSG genes were proposed to be transcribed by Pol I (C. Shea, M. G.-S. Lee, and L. H. T. Van der Ploeg, Cell 50:603-612, 1987; G. Rudenko, M. G.-S. Lee, and L. H. T. Van der Ploeg, Nucleic Acids Res. 20:303-306, 1992), a suggestion that has been substantiated by the finding that trypanosomes can transcribe protein-coding genes by Pol I (G. Rudenko, H.-M. Chung, V. P. Pham, and L. H. T. Van der Ploeg, EMBO J. 10:3387-3397, 1991). We analyzed the sequence elements of the PARP promoter by linker scanning mutagenesis and compared the PARP promoter with Pol I, Pol II, and Pol III promoters. The PARP promoter appeared to be of limited complexity and contained at least two critical regions. The first was located adjacent to the transcription initiation site (nucleotides [nt] -69 to +12) and contained three discrete domains in which linker scanning mutants affected the transcriptional efficiency: at nt -69 to -56, -37 to -11, and -11 to +12. The second region was located between nt -140 and -131, and a third region may be located between nt -228 and -205. The nucleotide sequences of these elements, and their relative positioning with respect to the transcription initiation site did not resemble those of either Pol II or Pol III promoter elements, but rather reflected the organization of Pol I promoters in (i) similarity in the positioning of essential domains in the PARP promoter and Pol I promoter, (ii) strong sequence homology between the PARP core promoter element (nt -37 to -11) and identically positioned nucleotide sequences in the trypanosome rRNA and VSG gene promoters, and (iii) moderate effects on promoter activity of mutations around the transcription initiation site.

All eukaryotic protein-coding genes are believed to be transcribed by RNA polymerase (Pol) II. An exception may exist in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, in which the genes encoding the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) and procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) are transcribed by an RNA polymerase that is resistant to the Pol II inhibitor alpha-amanitin. The PARP and VSG genes were proposed to be transcribed by Pol I (C. Shea, M. G.-S. Lee, and L. H. T. Van der Ploeg, Cell 50:603-612, 1987; G. Rudenko, M. G.-S. Lee, and L. H. T. Van der Ploeg, Nucleic Acids Res. 20:303-306, 1992), a suggestion that has been substantiated by the finding that trypanosomes can transcribe protein-coding genes by Pol I (G. Rudenko, H.-M. Chung, V. P. Pham, and L. H. T. Van der Ploeg, EMBO J. 10:3387-3397, 1991). We analyzed the sequence elements of the PARP promoter by linker scanning mutagenesis and compared the PARP promoter with Pol I, Pol II, and Pol III promoters. The PARP promoter appeared to be of limited complexity and contained at least two critical regions. The first was located adjacent to the transcription initiation site (nucleotides [nt] -69 to +12) and contained three discrete domains in which linker scanning mutants affected the transcriptional efficiency: at nt -69 to -56, -37 to -11, and -11 to +12. The second region was located between nt -140 and -131, and a third region may be located between nt -228 and -205. The nucleotide sequences of these elements, and their relative positioning with respect to the transcription initiation site did not resemble those of either Pol II or Pol III promoter elements, but rather reflected the organization of Pol I promoters in (i) similarity in the positioning of essential domains in the PARP promoter and Pol I promoter, (ii) strong sequence homology between the PARP core promoter element (nt -37 to -11) and identically positioned nucleotide sequences in the trypanosome rRNA and VSG gene promoters, and (iii) moderate effects on promoter activity of mutations around the transcription initiation site.

B a c k g r o u n d . The relevance of this article lies in the fact that, in conditions of limited resources, the optimal allocation of financial resources is of great importance for the effective functioning of the state, including military units, as components of the budget system. The purpose of this study is to apply linear programming methods in combination with modern technologies to select the optimal allocation of resources to test a tool that will help institutions, including military units, use financial resources more efficiently and achieve maximum readiness and capabilities with limited budgetary resources. The object of the research. The object of study of this article is the process of financial support of military units as components of the state budget system. M e t h o d s . In the course of the research, the following methods of scientific the following methods of scientific cognition: logical, induction, deduction, classification, grouping - in the study and mechanism of financial support of military units; methods of economic and mathematical modeling, linear programming, formalization - in the formation of the model, its testing on data and development of proposals for its further application. R e s u l t s . The article considers the concept of a military unit from two main aspects: as a military unit and as a budgetary institution managing budgetary funds. Linear programming and modelling methods are used with the help of computer tools and in combination with modern technologies such as Python programming, Google Collaboratory, Jupyter notebook environment, Gurobi optimization library. Based on the results of the study, a financial resource allocation scheme was formed that maximizes the benefit from the use of a limited financial resource. C o n c l u s i o n s . The article explores the possibility of using linear programming methods to determine the optimal allocation of limited financial resources within a military organization among various activities required to meet a specific set of military unit needs, with potential alternative options (groups of options). As a result of the model optimization, the predetermined capabilities of the military unit were satisfied as follows: A – 100%, B – 0%, C – 71%, D – 90%, with the distribution of the financial resource (budget) appearing as follows: A – 29%, B – 0%, C – 37.5%, D – 33.5%, model also ensures 100% utilization of the designated financial resource.

In proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operating with the use of Pt/carbon (Pt/C) cathode catalysts, severe corrosion of the carbon support has been recognized at high potentials. The improvement of the catalyst durability with high activity is required for heavy use applications. Alternative candidate catalysts with high durability and high activity are Pt catalysts supported on non-carbon ceramic supports [1,2]. Our group confirmed that Pt catalysts supported on SnO2 (Pt/M-SnO2, M = Nb, Ta) without carbon additive were superior in durability (startup/shutdown, load cycling) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity to those of commercial Pt catalysts, e.g., supported on either graphitized carbon black (Pt/GCB, TEC10EA30E, TKK) or carbon black (Pt/CB, TEC10E50E, TKK), by evaluation of membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA) [3-9]. The non-carbon support of SnO2 nanoparticles has a unique carbon-like microstructure consisting of a fused-aggregate network structure, which enhances the electronically conducting pathways via the aggregated microstructure and gas diffusion pathways via the open pores in the microstructure. We have also proposed ways to design the Pt nanorod supported on the Nb-SnO2 based on the catalyst design concept (Fig. 1)[10]. The cell performance using the Pt/SnO2 cathode catalyst layers at operating temperatures from 80oC to 120oC is quite promising for the development of high-power density (Fig. 2) with simultaneous high durability. Acknowledgments This work was partially supported by funds for the project “Electrolytes, Catalysts and Catalyst layers with Extraordinary Efficiency, power and Durability for PEFCs-2030 (ECCEED’30) from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan, and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number (20H02839) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. References A. Masao, S. Noda, F. Takasaki, K. Ito, K. Sasaki, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 12, B119 (2009). E. Fabbri, A. Rabis, R. Kötz, T.J. Schmidt, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16, 13672 (2014). K. Kakinuma, M. Uchida, T. Kamino, H. Uchida, M. Watanabe, Electrochim. Acta, 56, 2881 (2011). Y. Senoo, K. Kakinuma, M. Uchida, H. Uchida, S. Deki, M. Watanabe, RSC Adv., 6, 321800 (2014). Y. Chino, K. Taniguchi, Y. Senoo, K. Kakinuma, M. Watanabe, M. Uchida, J. Electrochem. Soc., 162, F736 (2015). K. Kakinuma, R. Kobayashi, A. Iiyama, M. Uchida, J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, J3083 (2018). K. Kakinuma, K. Suda, R. Kobayashi, T. Tano, C. Arata, I. Amemiya, S. Watanabe, M. Matsumoto, H. Imai, Iiyama, M. Uchida, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11, 34957 (2019). K. Kakinuma, M. Hayashi, T. Hashimoto, A. Iiyama, M. Uchida, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 3, 6922 (2020). G. Shi, T. Tano, D.A. Tryk, A. Iiyama, M. Uchida, K.Kakinuma, ACS Catal., 11, 5222 (2021). Figure 1

Objetivou-se conhecer a produção do extrativismo vegetal da silvicultura de fibras no Brasil entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Através de dados coletados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística- IBGE, e utilização de estatística descritiva na análise dos dados. As fibras avaliadas pelo IBGE no período de análise foram Mauritia flexuosa L. f., Copernica prunifera (Mill) H. E. Moore, Attalea funifera Martius e outras, o valor comercializado de fibras corresponde a um montante de R$ 821.065,00 mil reais no pais. Observou-se que as fibras têm ainda grande potencial a ser desenvolvido, e há um crescente aumento na utilização por diversos segmentos industriais, podendo se tornar matéria prima alternativa, por resultar em produtos menos agressivos ao meio ambiente. Ocupam papel importante no cotidiano das comunidades tradicionais amazônicas, pois, além de serem empregadas no dia a dia, são utilizadas como fonte de renda. Referências AFONSO, S. R. 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Community Participation in the Management of Tourist Areas (Case Study in the Tourist Area of Bongo, Gorontalo District) Indonesia. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 17(5), e03460-e03460. Yusoff, N. H., Hussain, M. R. M., & Tukiman, I. (2017). Roles of community towards urban farming activities. Planning Malaysia, 15: 4-10. Zaidi, N. A. M., Yusoff, S., Ismail, M. H. S., Ismail, S. A., Harun, S. N. S., Latif, M. A. (2019). Urban agriculture in Malaysia: Issues, prospects and sustainability. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 26: 17-25. Zainal, M., & Hamzah, S. R. A. (2018). Urban agriculture: The role of knowledge among farmer in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7: 77-85. Zainoddin, A. I., Shaharudin, M. R., Hassim, N. H., Haniff, W. A. A. W., Shaari, N. F., & Legino, R. (2022). The mediating effects of capability development on the relationships between social capital and the effectiveness of community development programme among farmers in malaysia. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 12: 28-44.

Ensuring that Older People have good quality of life is one of the major goals of any caregiver. Caregivers, which includes nurses, must be holistic in their provision of care to meet such a goal. Since one of the dimensions of quality of life is spirituality, these researchers sought to describe if any relationship exists between the caregivers’ spiritual care practices and the quality of life of the older people in their care. Institutionalized older people were surveyed using the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics scale and WHO Quality of Life for Filipino Older People to measure the spiritual care practices of caregivers and the quality of life of Older People, respectively. Results show no significant relationship between the two variables, which may be due to the fact that quality of life is composed of several dimensions, in which spirituality is only one, and is multi-factorial in nature; suggesting that quality of life is influenced by several factors and how these factors interplay ultimately determine the quality of life of Older People. The researchers recommend that a mixed-method approach be used to further understand the lack of direct relationship between the two variables. References Abbasi, M., Farahani-Nia, M., Mehrdad, N., Azamgivari, and Haghani, H. (2014). Nursing students’ spiritual well-being, spirituality and spiritual care. Iran Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2014 May-Jun; 19(3): 242-247.Almeida-Brasil, C. C., Silveira, M. R., Silva, K. R., Lima, M. G., Faria, C. D. C. de M., Cardoso, C. L., Menzel, H.-J. K., Ceccato, M. das G. B. (2017). 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Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 50(1), 79-86. doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9735-yCarpenter, K., Girvin, L., Kitner, W., & Ruth-Sahd, L. A. (2008). Spirituality. dimensions of critical care nursing, 27(1), 16-20.doi:10.1097/01.dcc.0000304668.99121Chen, J., Lin, Y., Yan, J., Wu, Y., and Hu, R. (2018). The effects of spiritual care on quality of life and spiritual well-being among patients with terminal illness: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine, 1-13. doi: 10.1177/0269216318772267 Chen, Y.-H., Lin, L.-C., Chuang, L.-L., & Chen, M.-L. (2017). The relationship of physiopsychosocial factors and spiritual wellbeingin elderly residents: Implications for evidence-based practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 14(6), 484-491. doi:10.1111/wvn.12243Counted, V., Possamai, A., & Meade, T. (2018). Relational spirituality and quality of life 2007 to 2017: an integrative research review.health and quality of life outcomes, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12955-018-0895-xCrimmins, EM (2015). 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Aging & Mental Health, 19(11), 1031-1041. doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.996734Garcia, L.M.R., and Navarro, J.M.R. (2018). The impact of quality of life on the health of older people from a multidimensional perspective. Journal of Aging Research. 2018: 4086294. doi: 10.1155/2018/4086294Goldberg, B. (1998). Connection: an exploration of spirituality in nursing care. Journal of advanced nursing, 27(4):836-42. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00596.x Haugan, G. (2014). The relationship between nurse–patient interaction and meaning-in-life in cognitively intact nursing home patients.Journal of Advanced Nursing 70(1), 107-120. doi: 10.1111/jan.12173Jacobs, J. (2009). Quality of life: what does it mean for general practice? British Journal of General Practice, 59(568), 807-808. doi:10.3399/bjgp09x472854Kalish, N. (2012). Evidence-based spiritual care: a literature review. 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Twenty Peas (Pisum sativum L.) varieties/ lines were evaluated against Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum .Sp.pici by sowing them in sick plot during the year of 2016-17 at the Plant Pathology Research Institute, Faisalabad. Each cultivar/line was planted in a single row of three meter length, with plant to plant and row to row distances of 15cm and 30 cm respectively and replicated thrice by following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Out of these twenty varieties/ lines 13 including check variety Olympia were found highly susceptible ranging from 53.2 to 83.5% plant mortality. Six varieties/lines were susceptible ranging from 30.3 to 44.1 % plant mortality. Only a single variety Garrow performed as moderately resistant by showing 21% plant mortality in the field. Efficacy of five fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum .Sp.pici, at various concentrations was evaluated in-vitro and significant variations among treatments was observed. In general there was a significant decrease in mycelial growth of the fungus with an increase in concentration of fungicides. Tilt (Propiconazol),( Daconil (Chlorothalonil) and Crest (Carbendazim) were the most effective fungicides in inhibiting the growth of the fungus in descending order. The Tilt almost 90% inhibited the growth @ 50µg/ml concentration, Daconil and Crest exhibited intermediate effectiveness. Topsin-M (Thiophanate-methyl) and Score (Difenoconazole) were the least effective fungicides.Ahmad, M. A., S. M. Iqbal, N. Ayub, Y. Ahmad and A. Akram. 2010. Identification of resistant sources in chickpea against Fusarium wilt. Pak. J. Bot, 42: 417-426.Borum, D. E. and J. Sinclair. 1968. Evidence for systemic protection against Rhizoctonia solani with vitavax in cotton seedlings. Phytopathology, 58: 976-&.Davies, D., G. Berry, M. Heath and T. Dawkins. 1985. Pea (Pisum sativum L.). Grain Legume Crops. 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Pakistan Journal of Phaytopahtology, 4: 5-8.Iqbal, S. M. 2005. Screening of chickpea genotypes for resistance against Fusarium wilt. Mycopath (Pakistan).Javaid, I. A., A. Ghafoorm and R. Anwar. 2002. Evaluation of local and exotic pea Pisum sativum germplasm for vegetable and dry grain straits. Pak. J. Bot, 34: 419-427.Khan, I., S. Alam and A. Jabbar. 2002. Selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt and its relationship with phenols in chickpea.Khan, S. A., A. Awais, N. Javed, K. Javaid, A. Moosa, I. U. Haq, N. A. Khan, M. U. Chattha and A. Safdar. 2016. Screening of pea germplasm against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi and invitro management through chemicals. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 28: 127-131.Khokhar, M. 2014. Production status of major vegetables in Pakistan, their problems and suggestions. Agric. Corner, 9.Kraft, J. M. 1994. Fusarium wilt of peas (a review). Agronomie, 14: 561-567.Maitlo, S., R. Syed, M. Rustamani, R. Khuhro and A. Lodhi. 2014. 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During the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of the firms and institutions implemented work from home to continue their operations and keep the well-being of their employees. Indeed, organizations including the universities operate successfully amid the implementation of quarantine, digitalization, and limited face-to-face communication. We studied the impacts of the acceptance of work from home and well-being on individual work performance. We found that acceptance of work from home have indications of significant influences on employees' well-being and individual work performance. For the selected university employees, work from home is moderately preferred because of the cherished activities like commuting, time with friends, and the occurrence of more physical activities. The incidence of illnesses, sleep disturbance, anxiety, dissatisfaction, and loneliness were indicators of well-being concerns that influence individual work performance. Appreciation by others and the increased spirituality motivate the employees during the work from the home set-up. COVID-19 pandemic brings various issues in communication, resources, emotions, environment, financial difficulties, work-life imbalance, time management, stress, less work, and lack of access to office materials, to the employees. However, there are opportunities for better learning, better well-being, and more often family routines. Focus on work, work-life balance fit, positive attitude, less stress, and savings are benefits of working from home. University leadership, supervisors, and managers have an overview of the issues to be provided with solutions. The qualitative responses are potential research instruments to be tested for reliability. An adequate number of employees in different positions and universities to create a quantitative model is encouraged for future researchers.ReferencesAnderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., & Cochran, J. J. 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Explanatory sequential mixed method design as the third research community of knowledge claim. American Journal of Educational Research, 4 (7), 570-577. https:// doi.org./10.12691/education-4-7-10Supranowicz, P. & Paz, M. (2014). Holistic measurement of well-being: Psychometric properties of the physical, mental and social wellbeing scales (PMSW-21) for adults. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig, 65 (3), 251-258.Warren, M. A., & Bordoloi, S. D. (2020). When COVID-19 exacerbates inequities: The path forward for generating wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10 (3), 1-6. https://doi:10.5502/ ijw.v10i3.1357Wong, A.H.K., Cheung, J.O. and Chen, Z., (2020). Promoting effectiveness of “working from home”: findings from Hong Kong working population under COVID-19. Asian Education and Development Studies, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-06-2020-0139Yan, R., Basheer, M. F., Irfan, M. & Naveed, R. T. (2020). 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В стандартных условиях проведен модельный эксперимент по влиянию сил обеднения на процесс высыхания капли взвесей невзаимодействующих частиц аэросил – полистирольный латекс. Впервые обнаружен быстропротекающий процесс фазового превращения аэросила в кристаллический SiO2 в течение десятков секунд, сопровождающийся резким изменением цвета раствора от светло-голубого до синего. Обнаружена дифракционная картина, свидетельствующая о нанокристаллической природе зародышеобразования новой фазы. Фазообразование интерпретировано как результат действия неравновесной силы обеднения в условиях гидродинамической неустойчивости высыхающей капли. REFERENCES Tret’yakov Yu. D. Self-organisation processes in the chemistry of materials. Uspekhi khimii [Russian Chemical Reviews], 2003, v. 72(8), pp. 651–679. https://doi.org/10.1070/RC2003v072n08ABEH000836 Kushnir S. E., Kazin P. E., Trusov L. A., Tret’yakov Yu. D. Self-organization of micro- and nanoparticles in ferrofl uids. Uspekhi khimii [Russian Chemical Reviews], 2012, v. 81(6), pр. 560–570. https://doi.org/10.1070/RC2012v081n06ABEH004250 Lebedev-Stepanov P. V., Kadushnikov R. M., Molchanov S. P., Ivanov A. A., Mitrokhin V. P., Vlasov K. O., Rubin N. I., Yurasik G. A., Nazarov V. G., Alfi mov M. V. Self-assembly of nanoparticles in the microvolume of colloidal solution: Physics, modeling, and experiment. Rossiiskie nanotekhnologii [Nanotechnologies in Russia], 2013, v. 8(3-4), pр. 137–162. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078013020110 Walker D. A., Kowalczyk B., Cruz M. O., Grzybowski B. A. Electrostatics at the nanoscale. Nanoscale, 2011, v. 3(4), pp. 1316–1344. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0NR00698J Ouyang Q., Castets V., Boissonade J., et al. Sustained patterns in chlorite–iodide reactions in a onedimensional reactor. J. Chem. Phys., 1991, v. 95(1), pp. 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461490 Tarasevich Yu. Yu., Pravoslavnova D. M. Kachestvennyy analiz zakonomernostey vysykhaniya kapli mnogokomponentnogo rastvora na tverdoy podlozhke [Qualitative analysis of patterns of drying of a drop of a multicomponent solution on a solid substrate], Zhurnal tekhnicheskoi fi ziki [Technical Physics], 2007, vol. 77, no. 2. pp. 17–21. URL: http://journals.ioffe. ru/articles/viewPDF/9047 (in Russ.) Faigl’ F., Anger V. Kapel’nyi analiz neorganicheskikh veshchestv [Drip Analysis of Inorganic Substances]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1976, v. 1, 390 p., v. 2, 320 p. (in Russ.) Yakhno T. A., Kazakov V. V., Sanina O. A., Sanin A. G., Yakhno V. G. Kapli biologicheskikh zhidkostey, vysykhayushchie na tverdoy podlozhke: dinamika morfologii, massy, temperatury i mekhanicheskikh svoystv [Drops of biological fluids drying on a solid substrate: dynamics of morphology, mass, temperature, and mechanical properties]. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoi fi ziki [Technical Physics], 2010, v. 80(7), pp. 17–23. URL: http://journals.ioffe.ru/articles/viewPDF/10043 (in Russ.) Alfi mov M. V., Kadushnikov R. M., Shturkin N. A., Alievskii V. M., Lebedev-Stepanov P. V. Immitatsionnoe modelirovanie protsessov samoorganizatsii nanochastits [Simulation modeling of self-organization processes of nanoparticles], Rossiiskie nanotekhnologii [Nanotechnologies in Russia], 2006, v. 1(1–2), pp. 127–133. (in Russ.) Lebedev-Stepanov P. V., Gromov S. P., Molchanov S. P., Chernyshov N. A., Batalov I. S., Sazonov S. K., Lobova N. A., Shevchenko N. N., Men’shikova A. Yu., Alfimov M. V. Controlling the self-assemblage of modifi ed colloid particle ensembles in solution microdropletsRossiiskie nanotekhnologii [Nanotechnologies in Russia], 2011, v. 6(9–10), 569–578, pp. 72–78. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078011050119 Andreeva L. V., Novoselova A. S., Lebedev-Stepanov P. V., Ivanov D. A., Koshkin A. V., Petrov A. N., Alfi mov M. V. Zakonomernosti kristallizatsii rastvorennykh veshchestv iz mikrokapli [Patterns of crystallization of dissolved substances from microdrops]. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoi fi ziki [Technical Physics], 2007, v. 77(2), pp. 22–30. URL: http://journals.ioffe.ru/articles/view-PDF/9048 (in Russ.) Barash L. Yu. Marangoni convection in an evaporating droplet: Analytical and numerical descriptions. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, v. 102, pp. 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijh eatmasstransfer.2016.06.042 al Bityutskaya L. A., Zhukalin D. A., Tuchin A. V., Frolov A. A., Buslov V. A. Thermal dissipative structures in the case of carbon nanotubes aggregation in drying drops. Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy [Condensed Matter and Interphase], 2014, v. 16(4), pp. 425–430. URL: https://journals.vsu.ru/kcmf/ article/view/856/937 (in Russ.) Asakura S., Oosawa F. Interaction between particles suspended in solutions of macromolecules. Polymer Science Part A: General Papers, 1958, v. 33(126), pp. 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1958.1203312618 Minton A. P. How can biochemical reactions within cells differ from those in test tubes? Journal of Cell Science, 2015, v. 119(14), pp. 2863–2869. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.03063 Chebotareva N. A., Kurganov B. I., Livanova N. B. Biochemical effects of molecular crowding. Biohimija [Biochemistry], 2004, v. 69(11), pp. 1239–1251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10541-005-0070-y Bishop K. J., Wilmer C. E., Soh S., Grzybowski B. A. Nanoscale forces and their uses in self-assembly. Small, 2009, v. 5(14), p. 1600–1630. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200900358 Minton A. P. The infl uence of macromolecular crowding and macromolecular confi nement on biochemical reactions in physiological media. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v. 276(14), pp. 10577–10580. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.r100005200 Huber F., Strehle D., Schnauss J., Kas J. Formation of regularly spaced networks as a general feature of actin bundle condensation by entropic forces. New J. Physics, 2015, v. 17(4), p. 043029. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/4/043029 Jiang H., Wada H., Yoshinaga N., Sano M. Manipulation of colloids by a nonequilibrium depletion force in a temperature gradient. Physical Review Letters, 2009, v. 102(20), p. 208301. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.102.208301 Deng H., Li G., Liu H. Assembling of three-dimensional crystals by optical depletion force induced by a single focused laser beam. Optics Express, 2012, v. 20(9), p. 9616. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.009616 Wulfert R., Seiferta U., Speck T. Nonequilibrium depletion interactions in active microrheology. Soft Matter, 2017, v. 13(48), p. 9093–9102. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01737e Dolgih I. I., Bitutskaya L. A. Entropy driven aggregation of CNT in a drying drop on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrate. Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy [Condensed Matter and Interphase], 2018, v. 20(4), p. 664–668. https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2018.20/635

Objetivo: Esse estudo objetivou investigar percepções de estudantes de Odontologia quanto ao medo e à ansiedade em relação ao manejo de pacientes e ao risco de infecção por COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: Esse estudo transversal envolveu todos os alunos regularmente matriculados em Odontologia, no primeiro semestre de 2020, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Um questionário foi aplicado, coletando dados demográficos, nível de formação e perguntas relacionadas ao medo e ansiedade frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Quatro comparações de acordo com a fase da graduação (fase pré-clínica ou clínica), nível de graduação e pós-graduação e de acordo com os sexos foram feitas. Análises independentes para as comparações entre os sexos foram realizadas para os alunos de graduação e de pós-graduação (α<5%). Resultados: Foram incluídos 408 estudantes. Na graduação, mulheres relataram sentirem-se mais ansiosas ao realizar tratamento em pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19 (54%) e sentem mais medo ao ouvir que a infecção tem causado mortes (92,4%), na pós-graduação, responderam ser mais nervosas para conversar com pacientes em ambientes fechados em comparações com homens (P<0,05). Alunos em fase pré-clínica possuem significativamente menor receio (65,5%), ansiedade (32,3%) e nervosismo (28,3%) do contágio do COVID-19 quando comparados com aqueles na fase clínica. Conclusões: Mulheres e alunos na fase clínica apresentam maior ansiedade e nervosismo. Descritores: Ansiedade; Estudantes de Odontologia; Medo; Infecções por Coronavírus. Referências Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. [Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-176. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19- 11 March 2020. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Acesso em: 8 de novembro de 2020. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206. Chen E, Lerman K, Ferrara E. Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19273. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(6):718-722. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020;99(5):481-487. Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):9. Machado RA, Bonan PRF, Perez DEDC, Martelli Júnior H. COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34:e083. Ataş O, Talo Yildirim T. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and clinical education of dental students about COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9575. Deery C. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education. Evid Based Dent. 2020;21(2):46-47. Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017;8:179-186. Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L, Lambrou A, Bedos C. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014; 78(2):226-42. Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7541. Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2821. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, di Bernardo A, Capelli F, Pacitti F. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. Mijiritsky E, Hamama-Raz Y, Liu F, Datarkar AN, Mangani L, Caplan J, Shacham A, Kolerman R, Mijiritsky O, Ben-Ezra M, Shacham M. Subjective Overload and Psychological Distress among Dentists during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5074. Rymarowicz J, Stefura T, Major P, Szeliga J, Wallner G, Nowakowski M, Pędziwiatr M. General surgeons' attitudes towards COVID-19: A national survey during the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak. Eur Surg. 2020;1-6. Adams JG, Walls RM. Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic. JAMA. 2020;323(15):1439-40. Naz N, Iqbal S, Mahmood A. Stress, anxiety and depression among the dental students of university college of medicine and dentistry Lahore; Pakistan. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2017;11(4):1277-81. Waqas A, Iftikhar A, Malik Z, Aedma KK, Meraj H, Naveed S. Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study. Global Psychiatry. 2019;2(2):211-20. Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2020;1-10. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, Chen-Li D, Iacobucci M, Ho R, Majeed A, McIntyre RS. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, Wu L, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu W. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287;112921. Terán E, Mayta-Tovalino F. Risk Factors, Self-perceived Stress, and Clinical Training among Dentistry Students in Peru: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20(5):561-5. Uraz A, Tocak YS, Yozgatligil C, Cetiner S, Bal B. Psychological well-being, health, and stress sources in Turkish dental students. J Dent Educ. 2013:77(10):1345-55. Agius AM, Gatt G, Vento Zahra E, Busuttil A, Gainza-Cirauqui ML, Cortes ARG et al. Self-reported dental student stressors and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12409. Hu J, Zou H, Dai Y, Feng Z. How to keep students engaged in oral health education during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12420. Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang YT, Liu Z, Hu S, Zhang B. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. 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Introduction Reversible solid oxide cells (r-SOCs) are electrochemical energy conversion technologies that serve as both solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) (1). Although it is possible to evaluate macroscopic performance of an operating system by measuring actual current and voltage, it is often difficult to observe spatial distribution of power generation inside the cell stacks. Here in this study, performance tests are conducted using an electrolyte-supported single cell composed of typical materials. In parallel, numerical analysis is also performed under the same conditions as in the experiments, incorporating electrochemical data for each material reported in previous studies (2-4). By comparing the I-V characteristics experimentally and numerically obtained, the validity of the electrochemical reaction model is confirmed. Gas species distribution and current density distribution are then examined, and the temperature distribution is analyzed. Experimental Figure 1 shows schematic diagrams of a r-SOC used in this study. An electrolyte-supported 50 mm × 50 mm flat plate cell using ScSZ (ScSZ:10mol% Sc2O3–1mol% CeO2–89mol% ZrO2) was used in this experiment. The fuel electrode was made of NiO-ScSZ cermet, and the air electrode was made of LSM (LSM: (La0.8Sr0.2) 0.98MnO3) and LSM-ScSZ composite layers, screen-printed and sintered. The electrode area was 40 mm × 40 mm (16 cm2). Platinum meshes were used as current collectors. In this study, I-V measurements were performed with 50%-humidified hydrogen supplied at 200 ml min-1 to the fuel electrode. The air electrode side was open to the ambient atmosphere. The operating temperature was around 800°C. A three-dimensional model of the single cell was created using the numerical analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics (Ver. 5.2), and calculation results were compared with measured results. Results and discussion Figure 2 shows the experimental and numerical results of I-V characteristics. The experimental and simulation results were in close agreement, confirming the validity of the simulation model. Figure 3 shows the spatial distribution of cell temperature when current (i =±0.1 A cm-2) is applied to the r-SOC. During power generation (positive current), the temperature increased above 800°C, while during steam electrolysis (negative current), the temperature decreased. This is well expected because the electrode reaction is exothermic during power generation and endothermic during steam electrolysis. The cell temperature change reaches the maximum at a location around the center of the cell and becomes lower on the periphery. This result is consistent with our recent study showing that exchange current density reaches the maximum where the concentrations of hydrogen and water vapor are comparable (5), leading to a higher current density. The temperature is higher near the fuel inlet than at near outlet. Such distribution is considered to be due to a higher value of local current density near the fuel inlet, besides the effect of radiation. Acknowledgments A part of this study was supported by “Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy Technologies Through International Collaboration” of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) (Contract No.20001460-0). Collaborative support by Prof. H. L. Tuller, Prof. B. Yildiz, and Prof. J. L. M. Rupp at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is gratefully acknowledged. References Natsukoshi, K. Miyara, Y. Tachikawa, J. Matsuda, S. Taniguchi, G. F. Harrington, and K. Sasaki, ECS Transactions,103 (1), 375 (2021). Takino, Y. Tachikawa,K. Mori, S. M. Lyth, Y. Shiratori, S. Taniguchi, and K. Sasaki, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 45, 6912 (2020). Fukumoto, N. Endo, K. Mori, Y. Tachikawa, J. Matsuda, S. Taniguchi, and K. Sasaki, ECS Transactions, 103 (1), 2007 (2021). Futamura, A. Muramoto, Y. Tachikawa, J. Matsuda, S. M. Lyth, Y, Shiratori, S. Taniguchi, and K. Sasaki, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 44 (16), 8502 (2019). T. Fukumoto, N. Endo, K. Natsukoshi, Y. Tachikawa, G. F. Harrington, S. M. Lyth, J. Matsuda, and K. Sasaki, Exchange current density of reversible solid oxide cell electrodes, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.164. Figure 1

Hydrophilic wafer bonding is a process used to bond two wafers without adding material between the two surfaces. Water has a definite impact both during the bonding (bonding wave propagation, adhesion) (1) and after annealing (mechanical strength of the bonding interface, adherence) (2) during such a process. To have a better understanding of mechanisms ruling direct hydrophilic wafer bonding, it is thus important to quantify the amount of water present at the bonding interface. It is known that water is able to penetrate at the bonding interface at room temperature and 40% relative humidity. This has been demonstrated by analyzing defects with scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and from X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR) measurements (3,4). Kinetics observed by Tedjini et al. were consistent with a Lucas-Washburn flow through a one nm gap driven by the capillary forces of the hydrophilic surfaces. Nevertheless, no investigation of this phenomenon was performed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Multiple Internal Reflection (FTIR-MIR) spectroscopy (5). Infrared spectroscopy of silanols, hydrogen bonded water and free water is well documented (6–8) and provides knowledge about water content and organization at the bonding interface. Here FTIR-MIR spectroscopy yields a direct measurement of the relative amount of water and its structure at the interface. More precisely this study will enable us to compare Si-Si, Si-SiO2 and SiO2-SiO2 water penetration kinetics at a fixed distance from the edge of the bonded substrates. A schematic view of the FTIR-MIR setup is shown in Figure 1 to explain the measurement principle. We report the study of water kinetics penetration at bonding interface by FTIR-MIR characterization. A Gaussian decomposition of the OH stretching absorption band signal allows identifying the contributions of silanols, surface bonded water and free liquid water as shown on Figure 2. The integral of each Gaussian peak is otherwise proportional to the relative amount of water. Surface preparation will be discussed and results compared to other characterizations techniques. REFERENCES Larrey V, Mauguen G, Fournel F, Radisson D, Rieutord F, Morales C, et al. Adhesion Energy and Bonding Wave Velocity Measurements. ECS Transactions. 23 sept 2016;75(9):145-52. Fournel F, Tedjini M, Larrey V, Rieutord F, Morales C, Bridoux C, et al. Impact of Water Edge Absorption on Silicon Oxide Direct Bonding Energy. ECS Transactions. 23 sept 2016;75(9):129-34. Tedjini M, Fournel F, Moriceau H, Larrey V, Landru D, Kononchuk O, et al. Interface water diffusion in silicon direct bonding. Appl Phys Lett. 12 sept 2016;109(11):111603. Rieutord F, Tardif S, Landru D, Kononchuk O, Larrey V, Moriceau H, et al. Edge Water Penetration in Direct Bonding Interface. ECS Trans. 24 août 2016;75(9):163-7. Rochat N, Olivier M, Chabli A, Conne F, Lefeuvre G, Boll-Burdet C. Multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy using two-prism coupling geometry: A convenient way for quantitative study of organic contamination on silicon wafers. Appl Phys Lett. 2 oct 2000;77(14):2249-51. Baum M, Rébiscoul D, Juranyi F, Rieutord F. Structural and Dynamical Properties of Water Confined in Highly Ordered Mesoporous Silica in the Presence of Electrolytes. J Phys Chem C. 30 août 2018;122(34):19857-68. Caër SL, Pin S, Esnouf S, Raffy Q, Ph. Renault J, Brubach JB, et al. A trapped water network in nanoporous material: the role of interfaces. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2011;13(39):17658-66. Davis KM, Tomozawa M. An infrared spectroscopic study of water-related species in silica glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2 juin 1996;201(3):177-98. Figure 1

B a c k g r o u n d . The information sphere, being a system-forming factor of society's life, actively influences the state of political, economic, defence and other components of state security. Information-psychological warfare (IPW) originated in ancient times. It arose simultaneously with the appearance of armed conflict as a component of armed struggle in the form of destroying the forces and means of armed struggle of the enemy and a psychological means of weakening the combat power of the enemy and raising the morale of its troops. Ukraine's national security is significantly dependent on the state of informational and psychological warfare, and this dependence will grow along with technological progress. M e t h o d s . A theoretical analysis of scientific publications on a specific issue was used; comparative analysis of regulatory documents on informational and psychological warfare; generalization and synthesis. R e s u l t s . The content, role and significance of information and psychological warfare in the context of modern forms and methods of information warfare in conditions of war are considered. The essence of informational and psychological warfare as a system of informational and psychological influences on the informational resources of the enemy, the consciousness and feelings of its military personnel and the population, as well as a set of measures to protect one's own informational and psychological resources, is defined. The constituent parts, tasks, principles and functions of information warfare are defined and analyzed. The trends of informational and psychological warfare in the conditions of war are revealed and its orientation at the operational and tactical level in everyday activities during the preparation and conduct of hostilities is analyzed. The author identified the problematic issues of informational and psychological warfare in modern conditions and explored their features in the context of threats to the national security of Ukraine. C o n c l u s i o n s . Presented modern views on the essence, forms and methods of conducting information and psychological warfare of the leading world states that are leaders in this area can be used for the development of the necessary national methodological base and the development of scientifically based recommendations, and in the future, substantiated normative legal acts on the organization and conducting informational and psychological warfare in war conditions.

Loss of full-length adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein correlates with the development of colon cancers in familial and sporadic cases. In addition to its role in regulating β-catenin levels in the Wnt signaling pathway, the APC protein is implicated in regulating cytoskeletal organization. APC stabilizes microtubules in vivo and in vitro, and this may play a role in cell migration (Näthke, I.S., C.L. Adams, P. Polakis, J.H. Sellin, and W.J. Nelson. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 134:165–179; Mimori-Kiyosue, Y., N. Shiina, and S. Tsukita. 2000. J. Cell Biol. 148:505–517; Zumbrunn, J., K. Inoshita, A.A. Hyman, and I.S. Näthke. 2001. Curr. Biol. 11:44–49) and in the attachment of microtubules to kinetochores during mitosis (Fodde, R., J. Kuipers, C. Rosenberg, R. Smits, M. Kielman, C. Gaspar, J.H. van Es, C. Breukel, J. Wiegant, R.H. Giles, and H. Clevers. 2001. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:433–438; Kaplan, K.B., A. Burds, J.R. Swedlow, S.S. Bekir, P.K. Sorger, and I.S. Näthke. 2001. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:429–432). The localization of endogenous APC protein is complex: actin- and microtubule-dependent pools of APC have been identified in cultured cells (Näthke et al., 1996; Mimori-Kiyosue et al., 2000; Reinacher-Schick, A., and B.M. Gumbiner. 2001. J. Cell Biol. 152:491–502; Rosin-Arbesfeld, R., G. Ihrke, and M. Bienz. 2001. EMBO J. 20:5929–5939). However, the localization of APC in tissues has not been identified at high resolution. Here, we show that in fully polarized epithelial cells from the inner ear, endogenous APC protein associates with the plus ends of microtubules located at the basal plasma membrane. Consistent with a role for APC in supporting the cytoskeletal organization of epithelial cells in vivo, the number of microtubules is significantly reduced in apico-basal arrays of microtubule bundles isolated from mice heterozygous for APC.

B a c k g r o u n d . The article analyzes various approaches to understanding the effectiveness of public administration, which are in foreign and Ukrainian scientific thought. The study found that administrative efficiency is often understood as the effectiveness of the organization and functioning of public administration. Administrative efficiency is also understood as the efficiency of management bodies and officials. The authors emphasize that the principles, criteria and factors of the study of effectiveness are very vague. This affects the objectivity of the reflection of the qualitative result of the activities of the public administration body. The purpose of the article is to show that administrative efficiency is a component of the general social efficiency of public administration, so it can be studied with the help of analytical tools of competitiveness state. M e t h o d s . The study was conducted at the Department of Public Administration of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The main methods and approaches are institutional, sociological, historical, cultural, complex. The main sources of this study were the works of authors who investigated the effectiveness of public administration, namely, the content of the concept, approaches to evaluation, where conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness and limitations of individual methodologies. As well as Ukrainian legislation and analytical reports of international organizations on the country's competitiveness, which provide up-to-date information on the strengths and weaknesses of government institutions and state authorities. R e s u l t s . The scientific novelty of the study is that the authors offer new tools for the study of administrative efficiency. The key results and the background. It competitiveness of the state. "Competitiveness of state" in the context of studying the effectiveness and efficiency of public administration, the subjects of public administration is not considered deeply in the Ukrainian science of public administration. Moreover, in Ukraine, the effectiveness of public administration is increasingly associated with the competencies of civil servants. The authors do not agree with this position and suggest a deeper analysis, firstly, the relationship between public administration efficiency and the competitiveness of state and, secondly, a deeper study of the analytical capabilities of the theoretical and methodological construct "competitiveness of state". C o n c l u s i o n s . As a result, the authors argue that the task of administrative efficiency as an indicator is to reflect an understanding of the activities of institutions, which depends on the efficiency and behavior of both public and private actors, a legal and administrative basis within which individuals, firms and governments interact. And it determines the quality of public institutions.

γ-Tubulin–containing complexes are thought to nucleate and anchor centrosomal microtubules (MTs). Surprisingly, a recent study (Strome, S., J. Powers, M. Dunn, K. Reese, C.J. Malone, J. White, G. Seydoux, and W. Saxton. Mol. Biol. Cell. 12:1751–1764) showed that centrosomal asters form in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos depleted of γ-tubulin by RNA-mediated interference (RNAi). Here, we investigate the nucleation and organization of centrosomal MT asters in C. elegans embryos severely compromised for γ-tubulin function. We characterize embryos depleted of ∼98% centrosomal γ-tubulin by RNAi, embryos expressing a mutant form of γ-tubulin, and embryos depleted of a γ-tubulin–associated protein, CeGrip-1. In all cases, centrosomal asters fail to form during interphase but assemble as embryos enter mitosis. The formation of these mitotic asters does not require ZYG-9, a centrosomal MT-associated protein, or cytoplasmic dynein, a minus end–directed motor that contributes to self-organization of mitotic asters in other organisms. By kinetically monitoring MT regrowth from cold-treated mitotic centrosomes in vivo, we show that centrosomal nucleating activity is severely compromised by γ-tubulin depletion. Thus, although unknown mechanisms can support partial assembly of mitotic centrosomal asters, γ-tubulin is the kinetically dominant centrosomal MT nucleator.