Дисертації з теми "Rythmes biologiques – Simulation par ordinateur"
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Burckard, Odile. "Analyse mathématique de la dynamique du cycle et de la synchronisation des horloges circadiennes périphériques des mammifères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4046.
Повний текст джерелаCircadian clocks, present in the cells of virtually all living beings, are essential for the rhythmic regulation of many biological processes. The healthy functioning of organisms depends on the phase coherence of these genetic oscillators. However, in mammals, the mechanisms underlying the synchronization of peripheral clocks remain poorly understood. This thesis focuses on the study of the synchronization of mammalian peripheral circadian clocks and on the analysis of circadian cycle dynamics.First, we hypothesize that peripheral clocks can achieve synchronization through coupling mechanisms, comparable to those observed between central clock cells. We investigate this hypothesis numerically, using a model of a network of coupled peripheral clocks, constructed with ordinary differential equations. Our simulations lead to the identification of factors promoting the synchronization of circadian oscillators. Secondly, we focus on the dynamics of a single circadian cycle, which we characterize theoretically through the construction of a piecewise affine model approximating a continuous model including mass action terms. Our approach is based on the identification of a sequence of periodic transitions between regions of the discretized phase space of the continuous model, and on the development of an algorithm generating real threshold values that guarantee a periodic trajectory for the oscillators of the piecewise affine model and the reproduction of the main qualitative properties of circadian cycles. We then propose a general and automated method for characterizing the behaviour of any circadian cycle whose time series of CLOCK:BMAL1, REV-ERB and PER:CRY protein (complexes) are known. Our method provides a benchmark for testing and comparing the dynamics of different circadian cycles, while highlighting properties they share. Finally, these methods allow us to better understand the influence of coupling on the cycle dynamics of a network of peripheral clocks
Hénin, Jérôme. "Simulations moléculaires d'événements rares dans les systèmes biologiques membranaires." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10007.
Повний текст джерелаSlow or non spontaneously occurring processes involving biological macromolecules may still be studied through molecular dynamics simulations, provided that an algorithm promotes the exploration of a well–chosen reaction coordinate by the system. We implemented such an algorithm in the NAMD program, designed for large–scale simulations of biomolecular systems. We can then investigate the folding of peptides into alpha–helices, the recognition and association of proteins inside the membrane, as well as the specific transport of a small molecule, glycerol, by a bacterial transmembrane channel
Desmeulles, Gireg. "Réification des interactions pour l'expérience in virtuo de systèmes biologiques multi-modèles." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2021.
Повний текст джерелаTo model biological systems and experiment them through a virtual reality application is the purpose of this thesis. The aim is to provide the definition of a generic modelling framework and its implementation for the study of physiological systems. In the first place, the generic model is based on the reification of interactions into autonous active objects. Thereby, the biological models can be organized in a layout of autonomous systems. Therefore, the generic model infers two conceptions of autonomy: the first one is used to design virtual reality systems and the second one is oriented towards biological modelling. The generic model is specialized into several modelling tools for biology. Thereafter, the library composed by the generic models and the tools allows the building of applications. The purpose of the main application is to implement the mode) of an allergic urticada phenomenon. At last, the mode) of a minimal autopoietic system exemplifies the method's potentials
Boux, de Casson François. "Simulation dynamique de corps biologiques et changements de topologie interactifs." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011630.
Повний текст джерелаVan, Belle Daniel. "Computer studies of electronic polarization effects in biological systems." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212930.
Повний текст джерелаLiard, Vincent. "Origine évolutive de la complexité des systèmes biologiques : Une étude par évolution expérimentale in silico." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI085.
Повний текст джерелаThe complexity of biological systems and its evolutionary origin has been questioning life sciences for many years. In this thesis, by means of the Aevol in silico experimental evolution platform, we have tested the existence of a complexity ratchet, that is to say: the existence of a historical process that makes complexity rise even in conditions where it is not mandated. To that aim, we have got numerical organisms populations to evolve in environmental conditions such that simple organisms could reproduce and thrive. Despite that we observe that a vast majority of simulations, organisms' complexity continuously grows. However, the a posteriori study of the simulations shows that these complex organisms are far less adapted than the simple ones and that they neither have any fitness nor evolvability advantage over them. This rules out selection from the possible explanations to complexity evolution. Furthermore, complementary experiences have shown that selection is necessary for complexity to evolve, which,in turns, rules out non selective effects. Finally, with an analysis of the long term fate of complex organisms, we have shown that these complex organisms hardly ever go back to being simple ones despite the huge fitness gain it would incur. This fact suggests that there exists a complexity ratchet fueled by negative epistasis: beneficial mutations that yield simple solutions at the beginning of a simulation, become deleterious after other mutations have been fixated. Our results also suggest that this complexity ratchet is stronger than selection but that it can be inverted by robustness because of the constraints it casts on genome encoding ability
Fourches, Denis. "Modèles multiples en QSAR/QSPR : Développement de nouvelles approches et leurs applications au design "in silico" de nouveaux extractants de métaux, aux propriétés ADMETox ainsi qu'à différentes activités biologiques de molécules organiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13119.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work concerns the improvement of prediction performances of QSAR structureproperty models, using consensus modelling strategies based on fragment descriptors, and also, to their applications for « in silico » design of metal binders, ADMETox properties and different biological activities of organic compounds. In the first part, some important concepts and methodologies of chemoinformatics are described. In the second part, the ensemble of programs ISIDA (In Silico Design and Data Analysis) is introduced. During this thesis work, two consensus approaches have been suggested: the « Divide and Conquer » strategy and the Stepwise k- Nearest Neighbors approach. Applications of new strategies lead to significant improvement of predictions accuracy, compared to the conventional models. In the third part, all ISIDA methods have been successfully applied to model various chemical and biological properties. Experimentally proven predictions demonstrate the robustness of the methods
Canu, Stéphane. "La continuation appliquée aux modèles biologiques." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI237.
Повний текст джерелаMorchain, Jérôme. "Etude et modelisation des couplages entre cinetiques physiques et biologiques dans les reacteurs de grand volume." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0005.
Повний текст джерелаGarenne, André. "Rôle du cervelet dans la coordination de trajectoires motrices : modélisation et simulation numérique." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1B078.
Повний текст джерелаThiebaut, Cédric. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du chauffage électromagnétique de tissus biologiques vivants : Application à la prédiction et à l'optimisation des effets de la thermothérapie." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2341.
Повний текст джерелаBensaker, Bachir. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'identification d'un processus de croissance de micro-organismes marins (Dinophysis acuminata)." Le Havre, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEHA0002.
Повний текст джерелаCrépin, Laurent. "Couplage de modèles population et individu-centrés pour la simulation parallélisée des systèmes biologiques : application à la coagulation du sang." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880516.
Повний текст джерелаHognon, Cecilia. "Modélisation et simulation moléculaire pour la compréhension des processus biologiques fondamentaux et le développement de nouveaux agents thérapeutiques contre le cancer et la Covid-19." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0233.
Повний текст джерелаDuring this Ph.D. thesis I have used state-of-the-art molecular modeling and simulation techniques to answer to key biological questions related to the fundamental bases of cancer development and to the mechanisms of viral replication and diffusion, including those of SARS-CoV-2. In addition to rationalize the molecular bases behind critical biological outcomes, including also the assessment of the thermodynamic properties of key biological aggregates, I have also studied the possible rational molecular design of novel therapeutic agents acting as antiviral and anticancer. To this end I have studied the induction and reparation of DNA lesions, as well as the basis of genome organization and DNA compaction. This has also brought me to take into accounts epigenetic regulation, the possible design of external agents perturbing gene expression, and the regulation of signaling pathways such as iron homeostasis. Furthermore, I have studied key viral components of SARS-Cov-2 including the spike protein, some non structural proteins such as the SARS Unique Domain, and the organization of its genome, for the formation of guanine quadruplexe sequences. Furthermore, I have also been interested in the understanding of immune system response, and in particular on the effects of variants on the human STING protein, which is able to sense the presence of endogenous genetic material and triggers the appropriate immune response. From a methodological point of view the use of multiscale approach, combining in some instance classical and QM/MM methods have shown its power in rationalizing not only chemical but biological effects and has paved the way to stronger rational design strategies
Nguyen, Nhi Gia Vinh. "Conception de modèles multi-échelles pour l’aide à la décision environnementale : application au contrôle des invasions de cicadelles brunes dans le Delta du Mékong (Vietnam)." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066472.
Повний текст джерелаIn South-East Asia, the problem of controlling the invasions of rice pests is a major economical problem, which is tackled by multiple scientific disciplines and is dealt with by several decisional scales. This PhD thesis contribute to the researches undertaken since 40 years on the eradication (or at least the control) of the rice pest named Brown plant hopper (BPH) by proposing a design methodology of dynamically scaling models as a foundation for decision support systems dedicated to the assessment of regional and local control policies. It has been applied to and validated on different scenarios of BPH migrations in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, where four different geographical and political levels have been coupled in the same framework (village, commune, province, and region), each of them represented with its own dynamics (social, biological, ecological ones) but also with its relationships with the other levels. The main contribution of this research is an agent-based multi-level modeling system that allows modelers to simulate and evaluate different control policies against invasions of the Brown plant hoppers at different scales of time and space. This system couples and organizes several sub-models with separate functions: growth and migration models of BPH that take ecological and environmental processes into account at different spatial and temporal scales, social models of the various stakeholders (from farmers to political deciders), models dedicated to the up- and downscaling processes occurring between the levels of representation
Cregut, David. "Application de la modélisation moléculaire à l'étude stsructurale de la tropomyosine et des annexines : une approche complémentaire de l'expérience." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20026.
Повний текст джерелаDorat, Rémi. "Répartition spatiale en théorie des jeux évolutionnaires." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839387.
Повний текст джерелаSingh, Vidisha. "Integrative analysis and modeling of molecular pathways dysregulated in rheumatoid arthritis Computational systems biology approach for the study of rheumatoid arthritis: from a molecular map to a dynamical model RA-map: building a state-of-the-art interactive knowledge base for rheumatoid arthritis Automated inference of Boolean models from molecular interaction maps using CaSQ." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL039.
Повний текст джерелаRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complexautoimmune disease that results in synovial inflammationand hyperplasia leading to bone erosion and cartilagedestruction in the joints. The aetiology of RA remainspartially unknown, yet, it involves a variety of intertwinedsignalling cascades and the expression of pro-inflammatorymediators. In the first part of my PhD project, we present asystematic effort to construct a fully annotated, expertvalidated, state of the art knowledge-base for RA. The RAmap illustrates significant molecular and signallingpathways implicated in the disease. Signal transduction isdepicted from receptors to the nucleus systematically usingthe systems biology graphical notation (SBGN) standardrepresentation. Manual curation based on strict criteria andrestricted to only human-specific studies limits theoccurrence of false positives in the map. The RA map canserve as an interactive knowledge base for the disease butalso as a template for omic data visualization and as anexcellent base for the development of a computationalmodel. The static nature of the RA map could provide arelatively limited understanding of the emerging behaviorof the system under different conditions. Computationalmodeling can reveal dynamic network properties throughin silico perturbations and can be used to test and predictassumptions.In the second part of the project, we present a pipelineallowing the automated construction of a large Booleanmodel, starting from a molecular interaction map. For thispurpose, we developed the tool CaSQ (CellDesigner asSBML-qual), which automates the conversion ofmolecular maps to executable Boolean models based ontopology and map semantics. The resulting Booleanmodel could be used for in silico simulations to reproduceknown biological behavior of the system and to furtherpredict novel therapeutic targets. For benchmarking, weused different disease maps and models with a focus onthe large molecular map for RA.In the third part of the project we present our efforts tocreate a large scale dynamical (Boolean) model forrheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLS).Among many cells of the joint and of the immunesystem involved in the pathogenesis of RA, RA FLS playa significant role in the initiation and perpetuation ofdestructive joint inflammation. RA-FLS are shown toexpress immuno-modulating cytokines, adhesionmolecules, and matrix-modelling enzymes. Moreover,RA-FLS display high proliferative rates and an apoptosisresistantphenotype. RA-FLS can also behave as primarydrivers of inflammation, and RA FLS-directed therapiescould become a complementary approach to immunedirectedtherapies. The challenge is to predict the optimalconditions that would favour RA FLS apoptosis, limitinflammation, slow down the proliferation rate andminimize bone erosion and cartilage destruction
Dorat, Rémi. "Répartition spatiale en théorie des jeux évolutionnaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10040.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis continues the work of Evolutionary Game Theory. This theory is a framework for modeling the dynamics of populations interactions betwcen agents are modeled by the classic dilemmas from Game Theory. The agents interaet with their peers. Best behaviors spread. less suecessful ones tend to disappear. Evolutionary Game Theory prondes conditions upon which cooperative behaviors can survive and cooperative equilibriums can appear. Assuming that each agent does not interact with all the others but only with a fixed group of neighbors greatly increases the number of possible dynamics. The relations between agents form a social network. Limitation of contacts between agents favors cooperative equilibrium and biodiversity. Nevertheless, formal approach to the models is no longer possible and they are studied through massive computer simulations. The thesis continues the study of the impact of social networks. lt introduces networks of communities, a new model where commnnities are networked rather than agents. This model exhibits new forms of eooperative convergence and new conditions to persistent biodiversity. The thesis also shows the possibility of convergence of markets towards non-competitive equilibriums and the survival of behaviors collectively able to reach cartel equilibrium, a particular form of cooperative equilibrium
Valdenaire, Simon. "Mise en place et utilisation des faisceaux FFF en radiothérapie : radiobiologie, caractérisation physique, contrôles qualité, modélisation et planification de traitement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0037/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn medical linear electron accelerators, photon beams profiles are homogenised using flattening filters. Technologies have evolved and the presence of this filter is no longer necessary. Flattening filter free (FFF) beams exhibit higher dose rates, heterogeneous dose profiles, modified energy spectra and lower out-of-field dose. This PhD aimed at studying the characteristics of unflattened beams, as well as their impact in clinical utilization. Several subjects were thoroughly investigated: radiobiology, dosimetry, quality controls, modelling and treatment planning. In vitro experiments ensured that the high dose-rate of FFF beams had not a radiobiological impact. A wide review of the literature was conducted to corroborate these results. In order to understand thoroughly the characteristics of FFF beams, measurements were conducted using several detectors. The effect of the spectra and dose rates of unflattened beams on dose calibration were also studied. FFF beams were modeled in two TPSs. The methods, results and model parameters have been compared between the available beam qualities as well as between both TPSs. Furthermore, the implementation of stereotactic treatments technique was the occasion to investigate small beam dosimetry. Prostate cancer cases treated with VMAT and pulmonary tumors treated with stereotactic 3D beams were also studied. The comparison of dose distributions and treatment metrics give advantage to FFF beams. Mastering physical and biological aspects of flattening filter free beams allowed the IPC to start FFF treatments. Comparative studies have since resulted in a deeper understanding on the pertinent use of these beams