Статті в журналах: "Rye Genetics"

1

Voylokov, Anatoly V., Svetlana P. Sosnikhina, Natalia D. Tikhenko, Natalia V. Tsvetkova, Elena I. Mikhailova, and Viktor G. Smirnov. "Peterhof collection of rye and its use in genetic studies." Ecological genetics 16, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen16240-49.

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The article provides information about the history and methods of development of “Peterhof” rye genetic collection, founded by V.S. Fedorov, Associate Professor of the Leningrad University. Isolation of self-compatible mutants, their crosses with self-incompatible rye plants, and subsequent self-pollination of hybrids allowed to reveal the allele diversity in heterogeneous and heterozygous rye varieties. In the course of genetic collection assembly the study of inheritance of qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, genetic control of self-compatibility, genetics of meiosis, genetics of interspecific incompatibility was performed. The corresponding genes were identified and, in most cases, mapped using isozymes and molecular markers. Fundamental research was introduced into practical breeding. Under the direction of V. S. Fedorov, and V. G. Smirnov the first in Russia tetraploid rye variety Leningradskaja Tetra was produced. Currently, based on the study of the genetics of self-fertility, the initial material is being obtained and used for improving rye population varieties. The possibility of using the genetic collection of rye to solve the fundamental problems of plant genetics is discussed.

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2

Lykholay, A. N., I. A. Vladimirov, E. A. Andreeva, V. G. Smirnov, and A. V. Voylokov. "Genetics of anthocyaninless rye." Russian Journal of Genetics 50, no. 10 (October 2014): 1102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1022795414100081.

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3

Orellana, Juan. "MOST OF THE HOMOEOLOGOUS PAIRING AT METAPHASE I IN WHEAT-RYE HYBRIDS IS NOT CHIASMATIC." Genetics 111, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 917–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/111.4.917.

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ABSTRACT The use of telomeric C-bands in wheat-rye hybrids has made it possible to distinguish three types of wheat-wheat (1BL) and wheat-rye associations (a, end-to-end extremely distal; b, end-to-ed distal; and c, interstitial) between homoeologous chromosomes at different metaphase I stages (early, middle and late) and also to estimate the actual recombination frequencies for such associations at anaphase I. There was a decrease of the a and b association frequencies during the different metaphase I stages, whereas the c type remained without variation in all stages. A good fit between the frequencies of c associations at metaphase I and the number of recombinant chromosomes at anaphase I, assuming a maximum of one chiasma per bond, was found; however, there was no correspondence between metaphase I and anaphase I data when all associations (a + b + c) were considered. In addition, rye-rye homologous pairing was observed at metaphase I, but no evidence for rye-rye recombination was found at anaphase I. The results indicate that most of end-to-end (a and b) homoeologous and nonhomologous associations are actually nonchiasmatic and are a remnant of prophase pairing.

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4

Chang, Ya-Wen, Susie C. Howard, Yelena V. Budovskaya, Jasper Rine, and Paul K. Herman. "The rye Mutants Identify a Role for Ssn/Srb Proteins of the RNA Polymerase II Holoenzyme During Stationary Phase Entry in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 157, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.1.17.

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Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells enter into a distinct resting state, known as stationary phase, in response to specific types of nutrient deprivation. We have identified a collection of mutants that exhibited a defective transcriptional response to nutrient limitation and failed to enter into a normal stationary phase. These rye mutants were isolated on the basis of defects in the regulation of YGP1 expression. In wild-type cells, YGP1 levels increased during the growth arrest caused by nutrient deprivation or inactivation of the Ras signaling pathway. In contrast, the levels of YGP1 and related genes were significantly elevated in the rye mutants during log phase growth. The rye defects were not specific to this YGP1 response as these mutants also exhibited multiple defects in stationary phase properties, including an inability to survive periods of prolonged starvation. These data indicated that the RYE genes might encode important regulators of yeast cell growth. Interestingly, three of the RYE genes encoded the Ssn/Srb proteins, Srb9p, Srb10p, and Srb11p, which are associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Thus, the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme may be a target of the signaling pathways responsible for coordinating yeast cell growth with nutrient availability.

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5

FREIDHOFF, L., D. MEYERS, E. KAUTZKY, W. BIAS, S. HSU, and D. MARSH. "205 Epidemiology and genetics of response to whole Rye extract, Rye I and Rye II." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 75, no. 1 (January 1985): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(85)90340-9.

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6

Urban, E. P., S. I. Hardzei, D. U. Artjukh, and I. S. Hardzei. "Directions, methods and results of rye (Secale cereale L.) breeding in Belarus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 60, no. 2 (May 4, 2022): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-160-170.

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At the present stage of science development, breeding of new varieties of plants using modern, including molecular methods, is one of the main links in the intensification of the agricultural industry. Rye is no exception in this respect. This is a traditional strategic crop for Belarus, that largely determines the country’s food security. In the paper, in a historical context, the main achievements in breeding of rye varieties for different uses are outlined. The main approaches are described, including: screening of the world diversity of winter rye in the conditions of Belarus; use of methods of experimental polyploidy, hybridization, stabilizing selection, molecular-genetic methods and techniques. Development and application of modern methods have allowed a number of genetic mechanisms and regularities to be discovered, which, in turn, has significantly increased the efficiency of rye breeding in different directions (population and heterosis). At present, RUE “Scientific and Practical Center of the NAS of Belarus for Arable Farming”, State Scientific Institution “Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the NAS of Belarus”, as well as jointly with other institutions have developed new breeding methods, including molecular-genetic ones, which is especially important for increasing the efficiency of obtaining competitive varieties. Significant results have been achieved on the use of the effect of heterosis based on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To date, a system of highly productive competitive rye varieties has been created for soils of different levels of fertility: population tetraploid and diploid, as well as F1 hybrids – LoBel-103, Galinka, Plisa, and Belgi.

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7

Ren, Z. L., and T. Lelley. "Genetics of Hybrid Necrosis in Rye." Plant Breeding 100, no. 3 (June 1988): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00237.x.

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8

Apolinarska, B., H. Wiśeniewska, and B. Wojciechowska. "Aegilops-rye amphiploids and substitution rye used for introgression of genetic material into rye (Secale cereale L.)." Journal of Applied Genetics 51, no. 4 (December 2010): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03208871.

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9

Schlegel, R. "Hybrid breeding boosted molecular genetics in rye." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 19, no. 5 (December 3, 2015): 589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj15.076.

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10

Schlegel, R. "Hybrid breeding boosted molecular genetics in rye." Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research 6, no. 5 (July 2016): 569–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079059716050105.

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11

Schlegel, R., G. Melz, and D. Mettin. "Rye cytology, cytogenetics and genetics — current status." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 72, no. 6 (September 1986): 721–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00266535.

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12

Masojć, P. "Genetics of α-amylases from rye endosperm". Theoretical and Applied Genetics 73, № 3 (січень 1987): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00262513.

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13

Cuadrado, M. C., and C. Romero. "Different genetic systems in rye affecting homoeologous pairing in wheat – rye combinations." Genome 30, no. 5 (October 1, 1988): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-127.

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The present study analyzed meiotic pairing in wheat – rye hybrids obtained by crossing of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring with allogamous ryes, two cultivars of Secale cereale ('Don Enrique' and 'Selectión') and Secale cereale ssp. segetale. The results indicate that each rye type has different behaviour on hybrid meiotic pairing because they contain distinct genetic systems affecting meiotic pairing. In the case of 'Don Enrique' and 'Selección,' a polygenic system could be present, but not identical in both cultivars. On the other hand, Secale cereale ssp. segetale contained genes that strongly affect the genetic system controlling homoeologous pairing in wheat.Key words: homoeologous pairing, wheat – rye hybrids, polygenic system, major genes.

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14

Li, Guangwei, Lijian Wang, Jianping Yang, Hang He, Huaibing Jin, Xuming Li, Tianheng Ren, et al. "A high-quality genome assembly highlights rye genomic characteristics and agronomically important genes." Nature Genetics 53, no. 4 (March 18, 2021): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00808-z.

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AbstractRye is a valuable food and forage crop, an important genetic resource for wheat and triticale improvement and an indispensable material for efficient comparative genomic studies in grasses. Here, we sequenced the genome of Weining rye, an elite Chinese rye variety. The assembled contigs (7.74 Gb) accounted for 98.47% of the estimated genome size (7.86 Gb), with 93.67% of the contigs (7.25 Gb) assigned to seven chromosomes. Repetitive elements constituted 90.31% of the assembled genome. Compared to previously sequenced Triticeae genomes, Daniela, Sumaya and Sumana retrotransposons showed strong expansion in rye. Further analyses of the Weining assembly shed new light on genome-wide gene duplications and their impact on starch biosynthesis genes, physical organization of complex prolamin loci, gene expression features underlying early heading trait and putative domestication-associated chromosomal regions and loci in rye. This genome sequence promises to accelerate genomic and breeding studies in rye and related cereal crops.

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15

Rabanus-Wallace, M. Timothy, Bernd Hackauf, Martin Mascher, Thomas Lux, Thomas Wicker, Heidrun Gundlach, Mariana Baez, et al. "Chromosome-scale genome assembly provides insights into rye biology, evolution and agronomic potential." Nature Genetics 53, no. 4 (March 18, 2021): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00807-0.

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AbstractRye (Secale cerealeL.) is an exceptionally climate-resilient cereal crop, used extensively to produce improved wheat varieties via introgressive hybridization and possessing the entire repertoire of genes necessary to enable hybrid breeding. Rye is allogamous and only recently domesticated, thus giving cultivated ryes access to a diverse and exploitable wild gene pool. To further enhance the agronomic potential of rye, we produced a chromosome-scale annotated assembly of the 7.9-gigabase rye genome and extensively validated its quality by using a suite of molecular genetic resources. We demonstrate applications of this resource with a broad range of investigations. We present findings on cultivated rye’s incomplete genetic isolation from wild relatives, mechanisms of genome structural evolution, pathogen resistance, low-temperature tolerance, fertility control systems for hybrid breeding and the yield benefits of rye–wheat introgressions.

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16

Cuadrado, C., C. Romero, and J. R. Lacadena. "Meiotic pairing control in wheat–rye hybrids. II. Effect of rye genome and rye B-chromosomes and interaction with the wheat genetic system." Genome 34, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-013.

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Several hybrid combinations between rye and wheat ditelosomic for homoeologous group 3 or 5 chromosomes or mutant ph2b were used to analyze the effects of the rye genome and rye B-chromosomes on meiotic pairing. The results indicated that the rye Bs have an effect on bound-arm frequency, which varies with the wheat genotype. If wheat suppressors are absent, pairing decreases when Bs are added; whereas if wheat promoters are lacking, a pairing increase is observed in some hybrids with two rye Bs. There was thus an interaction between the genetic systems of the two parents, with the wheat parent being the main determinant of the pairing level in the hybrids. The rye genome tends to decrease pairing in the absence of wheat suppressors and increase it when wheat promoters are lacking, and the rye Bs tend to reinforce this primary rye action.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, homoeologous pairing, B-chromosomes, promoter–suppressor interaction.

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17

Gruner, Paul, and Thomas Miedaner. "Perennial Rye: Genetics of Perenniality and Limited Fertility." Plants 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061210.

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Perenniality, the ability of plants to regrow after seed set, could be introgressed into cultivated rye by crossing with the wild relative and perennial Secale strictum. However, studies in the past showed that Secale cereale × Secale strictum-derived cultivars were also characterized by reduced fertility what was related to so called chromosomal multivalents, bulks of chromosomes that paired together in metaphase I of pollen mother cells instead of only two chromosomes (bivalents). Those multivalents could be caused by ancient translocations that occurred between both species. Genetic studies on perennial rye are quite old and especially the advent of molecular markers and genome sequencing paved the way for new insights and more comprehensive studies. After a brief review of the past research, we used a basic QTL mapping approach to analyze the genetic status of perennial rye. We could show that for the trait perennation 0.74 of the genetic variance in our population was explained by additively inherited QTLs on chromosome 2R, 3R, 4R, 5R and 7R. Fertility on the other hand was with 0.64 of explained genetic variance mainly attributed to a locus on chromosome 5R, what was most probably the self-incompatibility locus S5. Additionally, we could trace the Z locus on chromosome 2R by high segregation distortion of markers. Indications for chromosomal co-segregation, like multivalents, could not be found. This study opens new possibilities to use perennial rye as genetic resource and for alternative breeding methods, as well as a valuable resource for comparative studies of perennation across different species.

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18

González-García, Miriam, María Cuacos, Mónica González-Sánchez, María J. Puertas, and Juan M. Vega. "Painting the rye genome with genome-specific sequences." Genome 54, no. 7 (July 2011): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g11-003.

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We used rye-specific repetitive DNA sequences in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to paint the rye genome and to identify rye DNA in a wheat background. A 592 bp fragment from the rye-specific dispersed repetitive family R173 (named UCM600) was cloned and used as a FISH probe. UCM600 is dispersed over the seven rye chromosomes, being absent from the pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. A similar pattern of distribution was also observed on the rye B chromosomes, but with weaker signals. The FISH hybridization patterns using UCM600 as probe were comparable with those obtained with the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) procedure. There were, however, sharper signals and less background with FISH. UCM600 was combined with the rye-specific sequences Bilby and pSc200 to obtain a more complete painting. With these probes, the rye chromosomes were labeled with distinctive patterns; thus, allowing the rye cultivar ‘Imperial’ to be karyotyped. It was also possible to distinguish rye chromosomes in triticale and alien rye chromatin in wheat–rye addition and translocation lines. The distribution of UCM600 was similar in cultivated rye and in the wild Secale species Secale vavilovii Grossh., Secale sylvestre Host, and Secale africanum Stapf. Thus, UCM600 can be used to detect Secale DNA introgressed from wild species in a wheat background.

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19

Hao, Ming, Jiangtao Luo, Min Yang, Lianquan Zhang, Zehong Yan, Zhongwei Yuan, Youliang Zheng, Huaigang Zhang, and Dengcai Liu. "Comparison of homoeologous chromosome pairing between hybrids of wheat genotypes Chinese Spring ph1b and Kaixian-luohanmai with rye." Genome 54, no. 12 (December 2011): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g11-062.

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The ph-like genes in the Chinese common wheat landrace Kaixian-luohanmai (KL) induce homoeologous pairing in hybrids with alien species. In the present study, meiotic phenotypic differences on homoeologous chromosome pairing at metaphase I between hybrids of wheat genotypes Chinese Spring ph1b (CSph1b) and KL with rye were studied by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The frequency of wheat–wheat associations was higher in CSph1b × rye than in KL × rye. However, frequencies of wheat–rye and rye–rye associations were higher in KL × rye than in CSph1b × rye. These differences may be the result of different mechanisms of control between the ph-like gene(s) controlling homoeologous chromosome pairing in KL and CSph1b. Wheat–wheat associations were much more frequent than wheat–rye pairing in both hybriods. This may be caused by lower overall affinity, or homoeology, between wheat and rye chromosomes than between wheat chromosomes.

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20

McIntyre, C. L., S. Pereira, L. B. Moran, and R. Appels. "New Secale cereale (rye) DNA derivatives for the detection of rye chromosome segments in wheat." Genome 33, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-094.

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Subcloning of a clone of the 120-bp family of rye, pSc119, has produced two extremely useful probes. pSc119.1 assays rye-specific dispersed repetitive sequence families. It is present on all seven rye chromosomes and hybridizes to the entire length of each chromosome, with the exception of some telomeres and the nucleolar organiser region. pSc119.2, in contrast, hybridizes predominantly to the telomeric regions of rye chromosomes, with some interstitial sites. Unlike pSc119.1, it assays similar repetitive sequence families in both wheat and rye chromosomes.Key words: Secale cereale, rye DNA probes, rye chromosome detection.

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21

Baum, M. "Rye–wheat hybrids: the production of wheat chromosome additions to rye." Genome 34, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-129.

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To produce rye–wheat addition lines, 21-chromosome rye–wheat hybrids were produced by crossing tetraploid triticale with diploid rye. The subsequent selfing of the hybrids lead to monosomic and double monosomic wheat additions to rye. Screening of the progeny was carried out using the C-banding technique. The wheat additions can be fertile. Wheat chromosome 6B was the chromosome most frequently added to rye. Ribosomal spacer probe pTa250.4 was used to confirm the results obtained by C-banding for the 6B wheat additions to rye. Embryos of the 21-chromosome rye–wheat hybrids showed a good potential for propagating more plantlets after they had been transferred to artificial medium.Key words: rye–wheat addition lines.

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22

Figueiras, A. M., M. T. González-Jaén, and C. Benito. "Genetics of rye phosphatases: evidence of a duplication." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 73, no. 5 (September 1987): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00260776.

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23

MÜNTZING, ARNE. "STERILITY IN RYE POPULATIONS." Hereditas 32, no. 3-4 (July 9, 2010): 521–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1946.tb02791.x.

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24

LUNDQVIST, ARNE. "INBREEDING IN AUTOTETRAPLOID RYE." Hereditas 39, no. 1-2 (July 9, 2010): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1953.tb03397.x.

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25

LUNDQVIST, ARNE. "SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY IN RYE." Hereditas 44, no. 1 (July 9, 2010): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1958.tb03479.x.

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26

HOSSAIN, M. GUL, and KEITH MOORE. "Selection in tetraploid rye." Hereditas 81, no. 2 (February 12, 2009): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1975.tb01029.x.

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27

HOSSAIN, M. GUL, and KEITH MOORE. "Selection in tetraploid rye." Hereditas 81, no. 2 (February 12, 2009): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1975.tb01030.x.

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28

Milunovic, Igor, Vera Popovic, Nikola Rakascan, Jela Ikanovic, Vojislav Trkulja, Vuk Radojevic, and Gordana Drazic. "Genotype × year interaction on rye productivity parameters cultivated on sandy chernozem soil." Genetika 54, no. 2 (2022): 887–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2202887m.

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Rye is a dual-purpose crop, for nutrition but also for bioenergy. The selection of rye is aimed at its improvement as a plant for human and animal consumption, but also it is interesting for bioenergy production as it combines high biomass production with low environmental impact. There is a growing demand for sustainable sources of biomass worldwide. Directions for achieving rye selection for energy purposes include selection to increase biomass yield and corresponding physiological properties. During three years (2019-2021), four rye genotypes were examined. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of genotype (G), year (Y) and their interaction (G?Y) on rye productivity parameters: plant height (PH), spike length (SL), 1000-grain weight (TGW), hectoliter mass (HM), green biomass yield (GBY), biogas yield (BGY) as well as the possibility of using rye as an alternative fuel. Rye is an excellent raw material for the production of healthy food, but also for the production of biofuels. The study discussed the potential use of four high yielding genotypes for biofuel production. Genotype G1 (25.29 t ha-1) had a statistically significantly higher average green biomass yield compared to genotypes G2, G3 and G4 (22.98 t ha-1, 23.56 t ha-1 and 23.76 t ha-1). Significant G?Y interactions demonstrate differences between rye genotypes in response to environmental conditions. Plant height was directly proportional to biomass yield. As one of the targets in breeding programs, to develop taller cultivars as biofuel feedstock. Screening and selection of appropriate rye varieties for each region is critical for optimum results.

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29

Deng, Chuanliang, Lili Bai, Shufen Li, Yingxin Zhang, Xiang Li, Yuhong Chen, Richard R. C. Wang, Fangpu Han, and Zanmin Hu. "DOP–PCR based painting of rye chromosomes in a wheat background." Genome 57, no. 9 (September 2014): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2014-0110.

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To determine the appropriateness of chromosome painting for identifying genomic elements in rye, we microdissected the 1R and 1RS chromosomes from rye (Secale cereale L. var. King II) and wheat–rye addition line 1RS, respectively. Degenerate oligonucleotide primed – polymerase chain reaction (DOP–PCR) amplification of 1R and 1RS products from dissected chromosomes were used as probes to hybridize to metaphase chromosomes of rye, wheat–rye addition lines 1R and 1RS, translocation line 1RS.1BL, and allohexaploid triticale. The results showed that (i) the hybridization signal distribution patterns on rye chromosomes using 1R-derived DOP–PCR products as the probe were similar to those using 1RS-derived DOP–PCR products as the probe; (ii) 1R and (or) 1RS could not be distinguished from other rye chromosomes solely by the hybridization patterns using 1R- and (or) 1RS-derived DOP–PCR products as the probe; (iii) rye chromosomes and (or) rye chromosome fragments could be clearly identified in wheat–rye hybrids using either 1R- or 1RS-derived DOP–PCR products as the probe and could be more accurate in the nontelomeric region than using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Our results suggested that 1R- and (or) 1RS-derived DOP–PCR products contain many repetitive DNA sequences, are similar on different rye chromosomes, are R-genome specific, and can be used to identify rye chromosomes and chromosome fragments in wheat–rye hybrids. Our research widens the application range of chromosome painting in plants.

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30

Ko, Jong-Min, Geum-Sook Do, Duck-Yong Suh, Bong-Bo Seo, Doo-Chull Shin, and Huhn-Pal Moon. "Identification and chromosomal organization of two rye genome-specific RAPD products useful as introgression markers in wheat." Genome 45, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-133.

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Two rye genome-specific random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were identified for detection of rye introgression in wheat. Both markers were amplified in all of the tested materials that contained rye chromatin such as rye, hexaploid triticale, wheatrye addition lines, and wheat varieties with 1BL.1RS translocation. Two cloned markers, designated pSc10C and pSc20H, were 1012 bp and 1494 bp, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that both pSc10C and pSc20H fragments were related to retrotransposons, ubiquitously distributed in plant genomes. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), probe pSc10C was shown to hybridize predominantly to the pericentromeric regions of all rye chromosomes, whereas probe pSc20H was dispersed throughout the rye genome except at telomeric regions and nucleolar organizing regions. The FISH patterns showed that the two markers should be useful to select or track all wheatrye translocation lines derived from the whole arms of rye chromosomes, as well as to characterize the positions of the translocation breakpoints generated in the proximal and distal regions of rye arms.Key words: RAPD, FISH, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, genome-specific sequences.

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31

Khavkin, E. E., M. V. Zabrodina, and D. Ya Silis. "Isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase in perennial and annual rye and their hybrids." Genome 39, no. 3 (June 1, 1996): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-065.

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Aspartate aminotransferase patterns were screened in a collection of rye genotypes that included 24 accessions of wild perennial rye (Secale montanum Guss.), 6 accessions of cultivated perennial Derzhavin and Tsitsin rye (Secale cereale × S. montanum), 15 accessions of winter and spring rye cultivars (S. cereale L.), and 9 accessions of perennial and annual rye genotypes bred from S. montanum ssp. kuprijanovii, Derzhavin rye, and winter rye for their resistance to fungal diseases. Aspartate aminotransferase is coded for by four loci. The data fit the model where AAT 1/4 is coded by Aat 1 and Aat 4, two duplicate loci, with null and two active alleles for each locus, alleles 1 and 3 for locus Aat 1 and alleles 2 and 4 for locus Aat 4; dimeric AAT 1/4 enzyme molecules are the products of both intralocus and interloci complementation. Allele 1 of Aat 1 was the most prominent in the isoenzyme patterns of the rye species. Alleles null and 2 of Aat 4 were twice as frequent in the perennial rye accessions, including Derzhavin and Tsitsin rye, than in winter and spring rye. In contrast, allele 4 of Aat 4 was characteristic of S. cereale. Within the screened collection, locus Aat 2 was monomorphic. Among three alleles of Aat 3, allele 2 dominated isoenzyme profiles of both rye species, whereas the other two alleles were species-specific: allele 1 was characteristic of S. montanum and allele 3 was found only in S. cereale. Key words : rye, Secale cereale, Secale derzhavinii, Secale montanum, aspartate aminotransferase, isoenzymes, perennial habit, polymorphism.

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32

Guidet, François, Peter Rogowsky, Christopher Taylor, Weining Song, and Peter Langridge. "Cloning and characterisation of a new rye-specific repeated sequence." Genome 34, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-014.

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In this paper we describe a repetitive DNA sequence unique to the rye genome. The corresponding DNA probe (pAW173) was cloned as a 450-bp fragment and does not hybridize to wheat or barley DNA and is not related to five other repeated DNA families characterised in rye. This new family (designated the R173 family) consists of moderately repeated DNA (~ 15 000 units per genome) and is present on all seven rye chromosomes. The hybridization patterns in Southern blots indicate that it is not organised as blocks of tandem arrays and in situ hybridization shows that it is dispersed throughout the rye chromosomes. The probe has been successfully used as a molecular marker in identifying rye genetic material in a wheat background.Key words: repetitive DNA sequence, rye-specific DNA, molecular marker.

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33

Lee, J. H., R. A. Graybosch, and D. J. Lee. "Detection of rye chromosome 2R using the polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific DNA primers." Genome 37, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-003.

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Sequences derived from a rye gamma secalin gene were used as primers in polymerase chain reactions using DNA obtained from a series of wheat and triticale genetic stocks. A 473-bp fragment, the predicted size based on the distance between the selected primers, was found only in rye, triticales, and wheat lines carrying rye chromosome 2RS. Use of triticale lines with various wheat chromosome substitutions confirmed the chromosomal origin of the rye-specific marker. The presence of the 473-bp PCR product was always associated with the production of 75K secalins in grain samples. Thus, the primer sequences, and the clone of origin (pSC503), were both derived from the SEC-2 locus of rye chromosome 2RS.Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum), rye (Secale cereale), chromosomal translocations, chromosomal substitutions, DNA polymerase chain reaction, sequence-specific primers.

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34

Lyusikov, O. M., N. B. Bel’ko, I. S. Shchet’ko, and I. A. Gordei. "Construction of Rye-Wheat Amphidiploids with the Cytoplasm of Rye—Secalotriticum (RRAABB, 2n = 42): Meiosis Characteristics in Rye-Triticale F1 Hybrids (RRABR, 5x = 35)." Russian Journal of Genetics 41, no. 7 (July 2005): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11177-005-0153-2.

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35

Langdon, Tim, Charlotte Seago, R. Neil Jones, Helen Ougham, Howard Thomas, John W. Forster, and Glyn Jenkins. "De Novo Evolution of Satellite DNA on the Rye B Chromosome." Genetics 154, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 869–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.2.869.

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Abstract The most distinctive region of the rye B chromosome is a subtelomeric domain that contains an exceptional concentration of B-chromosome-specific sequences. At metaphase this domain appears to be the physical counterpart of the subtelomeric heterochromatic regions present on standard rye chromosomes, but its conformation at interphase is less condensed. In this report we show that the two sequence families that have been previously found to make up the bulk of the domain have been assembled from fragments of a variety of sequence elements, giving rise to their ostensibly foreign origin. A single mechanism, probably based on synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA), is responsible for their assembly. We provide evidence for sequential evolution of one family on the B chromosome itself. The extent of these rearrangements and the complexity of the higher-order organization of the B-chromosome-specific families indicate that instability is a property of the domain itself, rather than of any single sequence. Indirect evidence suggests that particular fragments may have been selected to confer different properties on the domain and that rearrangements are frequently selected for their effect on DNA structure. The current organization appears to represent a transient stage in the evolution of a conventional heterochromatic region from complex sequences.

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36

Schlegel, R., A. Boerner, V. Thiele, and G. Melz. "The effect of the Ph1 gene in diploid rye, Secale cereale L." Genome 34, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-140.

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Experimental results demonstrated clearly that the dominant Ph1 allele of chromosome 5B of wheat affects the homologous pairing of rye chromosomes. A rye-wheat monotelosomic 5BL addition line was produced and used for meiotic studies. Compared with 14-chromosome control plants, the 5BL addition to rye causes an increase in univalents and rod bivalent formation, i.e., a significant reduction of chiasma frequency (11.21 chiasmata per pollen mother cell). The 5BL telosome itself does not associate with any of the rye chromosomes. Thus, the double dosage of 5BL, present in hexaploid or octoploid triticale, could be one of the main causes of pairing failure of the rye genome.Key words: chromosome pairing, Ph1 locus, wheat, rye, rye-wheat addition.

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37

Vieira, Rita, Álvaro Queiroz, Leonor Morais, Augusta Barão, T. Mello-Sampayo, and Wanda Viegas. "Genetic control of 1R nucleolus organizer region expression in the presence of wheat genomes." Genome 33, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-107.

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The expression of rRNA genes located in the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) present on the short arm of chromosome 1R from rye (Secale cereale L.) was examined in several hexaploid (Triticum aestivum L.) and tetraploid wheats (Triticum turgidum L.) containing the entire chromosome 1R from rye (disomic substitution 1B(1R)), its full haploid genome (hexaploid wheat–rye F1 hybrid), or only its short arm translocated to the long arms of wheat chromosomes from the homoeologous group 1 (disomic translocations 1AL/1RS, 1BL/1RS, or 1DL/1RS) or added to the complete hexaploid wheat genotype (monotelosomic addition 1RS). By silver staining and determination of the number of Ag-NORs and the average number of nucleoli per root-tip cell it became apparent that the expression of 1R NORs, in the presence of wheat genomes, depends on the absence of the long arm of rye chromosome 1R. In wheat-rye F1 hybrids and in hexaploid wheat with a disomic substitution 1B(1R), 1R NOR was morphologically absent, even when only one wheat major NOR was present, in contrast with its frequent expression in wheat–rye translocation or addition lines where only its short arm was added. It is suggested that wheat nucleolar dominance over rye as expressed by heterochromatic and silent NOR in 1RS is under a complex genetic control which involves interaction between 1RL and unidentified wheat genes.Key words: 1R nucleolus organizer region, gene activity, amphiplasty.

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38

Isik, Z., I. Parmaksiz, C. Coruh, Y. S. Geylan-Su, O. Cebeci, B. Beecher, and H. Budak. "Organellar genome analysis of rye (Secale cereale) representing diverse geographic regions." Genome 50, no. 8 (August 2007): 724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-052.

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Rye (Secale cereale) is an important diploid (2n = 14, RR) crop species of the Triticeae and a better understanding of its organellar genome variation can aid in its improvement. Previous genetic analyses of rye focused on the nuclear genome. In the present study, the objective was to investigate the organellar genome diversity and relationships of 96 accessions representing diverse geographic regions using chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA PCR-RFLPs. Seven cpDNA and 4 mtDNA coding and noncoding regions were amplified using universal cpDNA and mtDNA primer pairs. Each amplified fragment was digested with 13 different restriction enzymes. mtDNA analysis indicated that the number of polymorphic loci (20) was low and genetic differentiation (GST) was 0.60, excluding the outgroups (hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD; triticale, ×Triticosecale Wittmack, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBRR). cpDNA analysis revealed a low level of polymorphism (40%) among the accessions, and GST was 0.39. Of the 96 genotypes studied, 70 could not be differentiated using cpDNA PCR-RFLPs even though they are from different geographic regions. This is most likely due to germplasm exchange, indicating that genotypes might have a common genetic background. Two cpDNA and 3 mtDNA fragments were significantly correlated to the site of germplasm collection. However, there was no clear trend. These results indicate that the level of organellar polymorphism is low among the cultivated rye genotypes. The cpDNA and mtDNA PCR-RFLP markers used in the present study could be used as molecular markers in rye genetics and breeding programs.

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39

Nkongolo, K. K., N. L. V. Lapitan, J. S. Quick, and M. D. Muhlmann. "An optimized fluorescence in situ hybridization procedure for detecting rye chromosomes in wheat." Genome 36, no. 4 (August 1, 1993): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-094.

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In situ hybridization with an interspersed repeat clone from rye, pSc119, was shown to be useful for detecting rye chromosomes introduced into wheat. However, since pSc119 also shows strong hybridization to a few sites in certain wheat chromosomes, small rye chromosome segments added to wheat may be difficult to detect. In this study, detection of rye chromosomes present in triticale and triticale × wheat hybrids was accomplished with the use of a subfragment from pSc119 (pSc119.1) whose sequence is dispersed throughout the rye chromosomes and only weakly cross-hybridizes to a few telomeric and centromeric regions of wheat. The in situ hybridization conditions were optimized to readily distinguish rye chromosomes from wheat chromosomes without the need for intensive analysis of hybridization patterns. Rye chromosomes were readily detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Fluorescence detection provided increased sensitivity over enzymatic detection and allowed signals to be amplified with repeated use of biotinylated anti-avidin antibody and avidin-FITC. Detection of rye chromatin was further optimized by doubling the probe concentration. Finally, double exposure photography of the same cell with two different filters provided another means to further increase the contrast between rye and wheat chromosomes.Key words: fluorescence in situ hybridization, rye, wheat.

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40

Xu, Jie, Michele Frick, André Laroche, Zhong-Fu Ni, Bao-Yun Li, and Zhen-Xiang Lu. "Isolation and characterization of the rye Waxy gene." Genome 52, no. 7 (July 2009): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g09-036.

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Complete genomic and cDNA sequences of the Waxy gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) were isolated from the rye genome and characterized. The full-length rye Waxy genomic DNA and cDNA are 2767 bp and 1815 bp, respectively. The genomic sequence has 11 exons interrupted by 10 introns. The rye Waxy gene is GC-rich, with a higher GC frequency in the coding region, especially in the third position of the codons. Exon regions of the rye Waxy gene are more conserved than intron regions when compared with the homologous sequences of other cereals. The mature rye GBSSI proteins share more than 95% sequence identity with their homologs in wheat and barley. A phylogenetic tree based on sequence comparisons of available plant GBSSI proteins shows the evolutionary relationship among Waxy genes from rye and other plant genomes. The identification of the rye Waxy gene will enable the manipulation of starch metabolism in rye and triticale.

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41

Pereira, Murillo C., Jordan A. Johnson, Rebecca S. Brattain, Herman Wehrle, and Gregory B. Penner. "PSVI-18 Effect of Processing Method and Severity for Hybrid Fall rye on dry Matter Intake, Ruminal Fermentation, and Apparent Total Tract Nutrient Digestibility in Ruminally Cannulated Beef Heifers." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.689.

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Abstract This study evaluated the effect of processing method and severity of hybrid fall rye on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility for beef cattle. Ruminally cannulated Simmental heifers (n = 8; 327±33 kg) were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square (21-d periods) balanced for carry-over effects with a 2×2 factorial treatment. Tempered rye [water added to achieve 80% dry matter (DM)] was compared with dry-rolled rye. Roller gap width of 1.23-mm and 0.8-mm were used for coarse and finely processed rye, respectively. This resulted in processing index values of: 80.9% for dry-rolled and coarse; 72.7% for dry-rolled and fine; 92.9% for tempered and coarse; and 88.2% for tempered and fine processed rye. Diets (DM basis) included hybrid rye grain (86%), barley silage (15%), mineral (6%), and dry distillers’ grain plus solubles (3%). Feeding tempered rye increased (P< 0.01) DMI by 0.87 kg compared with dry-rolled rye, and feeding coarse rye increased (P=0.04) DMI by 0.33 kg compared with fine rye. Cattle fed dry-rolled and finely processed rye had greater (P< 0.04) area that pH was < 5.5 compared with tempered and coarse rye, respectively. Ruminal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and ammonia were not affected (P≥0.12). Feeding dry-rolled rye increased DM digestibility by 2.4% (P=0.02), and crude protein digestibility in 3.0% (P=0.01) compared with tempered rye. Starch digestibility was not affected by processing severity of dry-rolled rye, but increased from 92.8 to 95.9% for tempered rye with increasing severity (interaction, P=0.03). Rolling tempered rye at the same roller gap as dry-rolled rye decreases processing severity but may allow for a greater severity of processing without marked reductions in DMI and ruminal pH, while achieving similar total tract starch digestibility. When increasing processing severity (81 vs. 73%), dry-rolling hybrid rye may reduce DMI and ruminal pH.

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42

Rogowsky, Peter M., Ken W. Shepherd, and Peter Langridge. "Polymerase chain reaction based mapping of rye involving repeated DNA sequences." Genome 35, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-093.

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A novel type of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker was developed for the mapping of cereal rye (Secale cereale). Primer pairs were synthesized targeting the insertion sites of three individual copies of the R173 family of rye specific repeated DNA sequences. While one primer was derived from a sequence within the respective R173 element, the second primer corresponded to a flanking region. The complex banding patterns obtained in rye allowed not only the mapping of the three R173 elements to certain chromosome regions of 1RS (the short arm of rye chromosome 1) but also the mapping of an additional 3–10 easily identifiable bands per primer pair to other rye chromosomes. Linkage mapping of a polymorphic 1R band derived from three rye cultivars demonstrated the presence of nonallelic, dominant markers in two independent crosses. Because of the high copy number of the R173 family (15 000 copies per diploid rye genome), its dispersion over the entire length of all chromosomes and the high number of markers obtained per primer pair, PCR markers based on the R173 family provide an almost unlimited source for well-spaced markers in rye mapping.Key words: polymerase chain reaction, mapping, repetitive DNA sequences, wheat, rye.

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43

Francki, Michael G. "Identification of Bilby, a diverged centromeric Ty1-copia retrotransposon family from cereal rye (Secale cereale L.)." Genome 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g00-112.

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A diminutive rye chromosome (midget) in wheat was used as a model system to isolate a highly reiterated centromeric sequence from a rye chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) shows this sequence localized within all rye centromeres and no signal was detected on wheat chromosomes. DNA sequencing of the repetitive element has revealed the presence of some catalytic domains and signature motifs typical of retrotransposon genes and has been called the Bilby family, representing a diverged family of retrotransposon-like elements. Extensive DNA database searching revealed some sequence similarity to centromeric retrotransposons from wheat, barley, and centromeric repetitive sequences from rice. Very low levels of signal were observed when Bilby was used as a probe against barley, and no signal was detected with rice DNA during Southern hybridization. The abundance of Bilby in rye indicates that this family may have diverged from other distantly related centromeric retrotransposons or incorporated in the centromere but rapidly evolved in rye during speciation. The isolation of a rye retrotransposon also allowed the analysis of centromeric breakpoints in wheat-rye translocation lines. A quantitative analysis shows that the breakpoint in 1DS.1RL and 1DL.1RS and recombinant lines containing proximal rye chromatin have a portion of the rye centromere that may contribute to the normal function of the centromeric region.Key words: centromere, retrotransposon, rye, midget chromosome, cereals.

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44

Tomita, Motonori, Keiko Nakatsuka, Natsuko Morita, Evans Lagudah, and Rudi Appels. "NBS-LRR-containing class of salicylic acid-induced gene transcript in rye." Genetika 53, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2101001t.

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NBS-LRR-type disease resistance gene-like cDNA, induced by salicylic acid (SA) was cloned from rye Secalecereale L. (2n = 14RR) var. Petkus, which has rust resistance genes such as Lr26, Sr31 andRr9. We designed primers based on the NBS region and performed PCR using Petkus genomic DNA as a template. Next, we TA-cloned a 532-bp DNA fragment containing five homologous amino acid sequences in the NBS region. The SA-treated rye showed strong expression of a transcript of approximately 3.5 knt in the Northern blots probed with the NBS fragment; however, no transcripts were observed with the untreated rye. We constructed a cDNA library of rye var. Petkus treated with SA, and then screened the cDNA library using the TA-cloned NBS fragments as a probe. The entire nucleotide sequence of a full length of rye NBS-LRR-containing class cDNA 3,446 bp was determined.

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45

Howard, Susie C., Ya-Wen Chang, Yelena V. Budovskaya, and Paul K. Herman. "The Ras/PKA Signaling Pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Exhibits a Functional Interaction With the Sin4p Complex of the RNA Polymerase II Holoenzyme." Genetics 159, no. 1 (September 1, 2001): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.1.77.

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Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells enter into the G0-like resting state, stationary phase, in response to specific types of nutrient limitation. We have initiated a genetic analysis of this resting state and have identified a collection of rye mutants that exhibit a defective transcriptional response to nutrient deprivation. These transcriptional defects appear to disrupt the control of normal growth because the rye mutants are unable to enter into a normal stationary phase upon nutrient deprivation. In this study, we examined the mutants in the rye1 complementation group and found that rye1 mutants were also defective for stationary phase entry. Interestingly, the RYE1 gene was found to be identical to SIN4, a gene that encodes a component of the yeast Mediator complex within the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Moreover, mutations that affected proteins within the Sin4p module of the Mediator exhibited specific genetic interactions with the Ras protein signaling pathway. For example, mutations that elevated the levels of Ras signaling, like RAS2val19, were synthetic lethal with sin4. In all, our data suggest that specific proteins within the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme might be targets of signal transduction pathways that are responsible for coordinating gene expression with cell growth.

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46

Gupta, P. K., and G. Fedak. "Segregation in the pollen of F2 rye (Secale cereale) plants for induction of homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids with wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Genome 29, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 888–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-152.

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An attempt was made to determine the inheritance of the rye genes which induce high chiasma frequency in hybrids with wheat and to study if the ability of rye to induce partial amphiploidy in hybrids with wheat was heritable. Five to eight F2 pollen plants were derived from seeds taken from each of three F1 plants that had given high chiasma frequency in hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat in earlier studies. Similarly, six to seven F2 pollen plants were derived from each of three F1 plants that had given partial amphiploids in hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat in earlier studies. Chiasma frequency was studied in 127 hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat. In the present study, significant differences in chiasma frequency were observed (i) among the 38 families represented by 127 plants, and (ii) between two groups of three sets each, one known for inducing high pairing and the other known for inducing partial amphiploidy associated with low pairing in wheat × F1 rye plants. Significant variation was also observed between families within sets (each originated from one F1 rye plant) suggesting that F2 rye plants derived from the same F1 plants also differed genetically for inducing heterogenetic (homoeologous) pairing in wheat × rye hybrids. One of the six sets particularly showed significantly higher pairing with a mean of 2.13 per cell (individual hybrids gave a chiasma frequency as high as a mean of 6.07 per cell) as against a range of 0.96 to 1.18 in the remaining five sets, suggesting accumulation of genes in F2 rye plants for inducing pairing in wheat × rye hybrids. It is expected that by intermating the segregating rye plants, it should be possible to accumulate genes and eventually to isolate homozygous lines inducing high pairing in hybrids with wheat. Contrary to expectation, no partial amphiploids were obtained in a study of 127 wheat × F2 rye hybrids, although three of the six F1 rye plants had earlier given partial amphiploids in wheat × F1 rye hybrids. Key words: intergeneric hybrids, wheat, rye, genetic control, chromosome pairing.

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47

Sandery, Michael J., John W. Forster, Richard Blunden, and R. Neil Jones. "Identification of a family of repeated sequences on the rye B chromosome." Genome 33, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-137.

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A novel family of highly repeated sequences on the B chromosome of rye (Secale cereale) has been identified. The D1100 family has not been detected on the rye A chromosomes and shows little or no homology to any previously described repeat sequence in rye. In addition, different rye species, and different B chromosomes within the same species, show significant heterogeneity in the arrangement of the D1100 sequences. An EcoRI clone of a member of the family has been obtained. These results provide direct evidence for the organisation and nature of the B-chromosome DNA in rye, and they are discussed in relation to the origin and evolution of rye B chromosomes.Key words: B chromosome, Secale cereale, repeated sequences.

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48

Gustafson, J. P., and K. Ross. "Control of alien gene expression for aluminum tolerance in wheat." Genome 33, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-002.

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The expression of aluminum tolerance from rye (Secale cereale L.) when present in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) background has been observed to be much lower than that in rye itself. By crossing each of the ditelocentric lines of 'Chinese Spring' wheat with a tolerant rye, the effects of the presence or absence of each arm of wheat on the expression of rye aluminum tolerance could be established. Of 42 wheat chromosome arms, 18 affected the expression of rye aluminum tolerance. Tolerance was increased over that observed in the euploid wheat–rye hybrid when arms 4AL, 5AL, 6AL, 7BS, 7BL, and 3DS were absent. Tolerance was reduced when arms 2AL, 5AS, 6BS, 1DS, 1DL, 2DL, 4DL, 5DS, 5DL, 6DL, 7DS, and 7DL were absent. Thus, the control of aluminum tolerance expression from rye in a wheat background was evidently under the influence of genes located on a number of wheat chromosome arms, with a few arms tending to enhance expression and many others tending to reduce it. In fact, 5AS of 'Chinese Spring' enhances expression, while 5AL suppresses it. The D genome of bread wheat appears to have the most pronounced effect on the expression of rye aluminum tolerance.Key words: rye, activator genes, suppressor genes, alien manipulation.

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49

Qiu, Ling, Zong-xiang Tang, Meng Li, and Shu-lan Fu. "Development of new PCR-based markers specific for chromosome arms of rye (Secale cereale L.)." Genome 59, no. 3 (March 2016): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0154.

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PCR-based rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome-specific markers can contribute to the effective utilization of elite genes of rye in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. In the present study, 578 new PCR-based rye-specific markers have been developed by using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technology, and 76 markers displayed different polymorphism among rye Kustro, Imperial, and King II. A total of 427 and 387 markers were, respectively, located on individual chromosomes and chromosome arms of Kustro by using a set of wheat–rye monosomic addition lines and 13 monotelosomic addition lines, which were derived from T. aestivum L. ‘Mianyang11’ × S. cereale L. ‘Kustro’. In addition, two sets of wheat–rye disomic addition lines, which were derived from T. aestivum L. var. Chinese Spring × S. cereale L. var. Imperial and T. aestivum L. ‘Holdfast’ × S. cereale L. var. King II, were used to test the chromosomal specificity of the 427 markers. The chromosomal locations of 281 markers were consistent among the three sets of wheat–rye addition lines. The markers developed in this study can be used to identify a given segment of rye chromosomes in wheat background and accelerate the utilization of elite genes on rye chromosomes in wheat breeding programs.

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50

Cuadrado, Angeles, and Nicolas Jouve. "Highly repetitive sequences in B chromosomes of Secale cereale revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization." Genome 37, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-100.

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An analysis of the presence and distribution of the rye and wheat repeated sequences in rye B chromosomes was carried out by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Probes used consisted of three highly repetitive sequences from rye (pSc119.2, pSc74, and pSc34) and the multigene families for the 25S–5.8S–18S and 5S rDNA from wheat (pTa71 and pTa794, respectively). pSc74 and pSc119.2 showed hybridization signals in the telomeric regions of rye B chromosomes. The remaining DNA clones did not hybridize to the B chromosomes.Key words: Secale cereale, rye, repetitive DNA, fluorescence in situ hybridization, B chromosomes.

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