Статті в журналах з теми "Rust Management Mechanism"

In a world with constant population growth, and in the context of climate change, the need to supply the demand of safe crops has stimulated an interest in ecological products that can increase agricultural productivity. This implies the use of beneficial organisms and natural products to improve crop performance and control pests and diseases, replacing chemical compounds that can affect the environment and human health. Microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) interact with pathogens directly or by inducing a physiological state of resistance in the plant. This involves several mechanisms, like interference with phytohormone pathways and priming defensive compounds. In Argentina, one of the world’s main maize exporters, yield is restricted by several limitations, including foliar diseases such as common rust and northern corn leaf blight (NCLB). Here, we discuss the impact of pathogen infection on important food crops and MBCA interactions with the plant’s immune system, and its biochemical indicators such as phytohormones, reactive oxygen species, phenolic compounds and lytic enzymes, focused mainly on the maize–NCLB pathosystem. MBCA could be integrated into disease management as a mechanism to improve the plant’s inducible defences against foliar diseases. However, there is still much to elucidate regarding plant responses when exposed to hemibiotrophic pathogens.

The output and quality of apples were greatly threatened by plant diseases. Identifying the types and grades of diseases in time was helpful to the management of diseases. When the disease occurs on a leaf, there was little change in the leaf except for the affected area. The traditional attention mechanism changed the weight of the network to all pixels in the image, which affected the ability of the network to extract the features of the lesion area. And the traditional method of data enhancement was easy to cause local similarity and local discontinuity of all sample features in the same disease grade. In this paper, the improved metric matrix for kernel regression (IMMKR) was used to reduce the influence of local similarity and local discontinuity of all sample features in the same class. Then, a new attention mechanism by fusing the lesion location based on visual features was proposed, and the attention of the model to the lesion area was strengthened. The experiments were carried out on three different diseases of apple named black rot, scab, and rust. The accuracy rate and recall rate of the new method on the combined dataset of PlantVillage and PlantDoc were 91.55% and 92.06%, respectively, which was superior to existing methods. This algorithm has important reference significance for the identification and promotion of crop diseases.

ABSTRAKTanaman karet ialah tanaman yang sangat diutamakan untuk tingkat perekonomian karena hasil dari penjualan karet ini sangat mempengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan petani. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem pemeliharaan dan pengelolaan serta kondisi sosial ekonomi petani karet di desa sungai duren. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi secara langsung kepada petani karet di desa sungai duren serta menerapkan mekanisme pengelolaan karet secara mandiri dan menyerahkannya kepada pihat lain. Penerapan tersebut dilakukan oleh petani karet berdasarkan perspektif pilihan rasional mereka, mekanisme pengelolaan yang dipilih para petani karet ini berdampak pada ketimpangan pendapatan yang mereka proleh. Dari hasil observasi yang telah dilakukan penulis, pada umumnya petani disana umumnya petani disana melakukan perawatan dengan cara sederhana yaitu dengan pembibitan, pengelolaan tanah, penanaman dan penyulaman karat, serta pemupukan. Sistem pengelolan kebun karet di desa sungai duren sudah cukup baik dikarenakan sistem pengelolaan yang dilakukan ketentuan sistem produksi dalam penanaman kebun karet. Kata kunci: karet rakyat; sistem pengelolan; sosial ekonomi; desa sungai duren. ABSTRACTRubber plants are plants that are highly prioritized for the economic level because the results and sales of rubber greatly affect the welfare of farmers. This community service activity aims to determine the system of maintenance and management as well as the socio-economic conditions of rubber farmers in Sungai Duren Village. Direct observation to rubber farmers in the Sungai Duren village implementing an independent rubber management mechanism and hand it over to the other party. The application carried out by rubber farmers based on the perspective their rational choice of management mechanism chosen by these rubber farmers impact on their income inequality. And based on the observations made by the author, in general, farmers there generally carry out maintenance in a simple way, namely by nursery, soil management, planting and replanting rust, and fertilization. Rubber plantation management system in the village Duren River is quite good because the management system is carried out by the provisions of the production system in planting rubber plantations Keywords: community rubber, management system, socio-economic of sungai duren village

Accurate disease severity assessment is critical for plant breeders, as it directly impacts crop yield. While hyperspectral remote sensing has shown promise for disease severity assessment in breeding experiments, most studies have focused on either leaf or canopy levels, neglecting the valuable insights gained from a combined approach. Moreover, many studies have centered on experiments involving a single disease and a few genotypes. However, this approach needs to accurately represent the challenges encountered in field conditions, where multiple diseases could occur simultaneously. To address these gaps, our current study analyses a combination of diseases, yellow rust, brown rust, and yellow leaf spots, collectively evaluated as the percentage of the diseased leaf area relative to the total leaf area (DA) at both leaf and canopy levels, using hyperspectral data from an ASD field spectrometer. We quantitatively estimate overall disease severity across fifty-two winter durum wheat genotypes categorized into early (medium milk) and late (late milk) groups based on the phenophase. Chlorophyll content (CC) within each group is studied concerning infection response, and a correlation analysis is conducted for each group with nine vegetation indices (VI) known for their sensitivity to rust and leaf spot infection in wheat. Subsequent parametric (linear and polynomial) and nonparametric (partial least squares and kernel ridge) regression analyses were performed using all available spectral bands. We found a significant reduction in Leaf CC (>30%) in the late group and Canopy CC (<10%) for both groups. YROI and LRDSI_1 are the VIs that exhibited notable and strong negative correlations with Leaf CC in the late group, with a Pearson coefficient of −0.73 and −0.72, respectively. Interestingly, spectral signatures between the early and late disease groups at both leaf and canopy levels exhibit opposite trends. The regression analysis showed we could retrieve leaf CC only for the late group, with R2 of 0.63 and 0.42 for the cross-validation and test datasets, respectively. Canopy CC retrieval required separate models for each group: the late group achieved R2 of 0.61 and 0.37 (cross-validation and test), while the early group achieved R2 of 0.48 and 0.50. Similar trends were observed for canopy DA, with separate models for early and late groups achieving comparable R2 values of 0.53 and 0.51 (cross-validation) and 0.35 and 0.36 (test), respectively. All of our models had medium accuracy and tended to overfit. In this study, we analyzed the spectral response mechanism associated with durum wheat diseases, offering a novel crop disease severity assessment approach. Additionally, our findings serve as a foundation for detecting resistant wheat varieties, which is the most economical and environmentally friendly management strategy for wheat leaf diseases on a large scale in the future.

Effective management practices are essential for controlling rust outbreaks. The main control method used is the application of fungicides, which increases substantially the cost of production and is harmful to the environment. Prevention is still the best way to avoid more significant losses in soybean yields. Alternatives, such as planting resistant varieties to the fungus, are also important. The use of resistant or tolerant varieties is the most promising method for controlling Asian soybean rust. Recently, five dominant genes resistant to soybean rust were described: Rpp1, Rpp2, Rpp3, Rpp4 and Rpp5. However, little is known about the molecular interaction among soybean plant and soybean rust and on the molecular pathway triggered by pathogen recognition. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in defense responses is of primary importance for planning strategies to control stress and, consequently, to increase plant adaptation to limiting conditions.

Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change impact. The main purpose of the study is to find the recent production of major cereal crops as rice, maize, and wheat per unit area in Banepa municipality, as a case study to the local trends and adaptation. The study was conducted among the household of ward No. 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 in the Municipality. Field observation, in-depth interview, focus group discussion, Questionnaire survey methods were adopted for information collection, cross-validation with verification and using a secondary source of the information. Monthly precipitation and monthly minimum and maximum air temperatures data of Dhulikhel station were used to study their annual and seasonal trends. Time-series annual yield data in rice, maize, and wheat were collected from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development. Production was also accessed from the local level in a cross-sectional survey. Temperature and precipitation were collected from the Department of Hydrology and Metrology. The Survey indicated that yields have increased for major cereal crops and this led to an increase in the use of chemical fertilizer, chemical pesticides, improved seed, and improved management practices. The impacts of these changes have resulted in an increased attack of white grub in roots and maize smut in cobs, rice blast in panicle and stem, rust and blight disease and grain borer in wheat. The major issues for farmers were found to be a deficit of inorganic fertilizers, an insufficient supply of quality seeds and an unsystematic market. The coping mechanism for climate change in farming was not applied due to a lack of knowledge, facilities, and access to improved technologies. The farmers expected advanced technological know-how along with other facilities for climate-resilient farming. This study concludes that change in climate is affecting the agriculture in Banepa Municipality of Kabhrepalancchok. The existing local and institutional strategies are not sufficient and sustainable to cope with climatic vagaries. It is very important to address the problems in this region with institutional support and through a long-term policy perspective.

Excelling at one’s job can be a challenge. Trying to do it for two jobs—concurrently—can be beyond difficult, yet that situation is not uncommon in evolving organizations that utilize acting appointments to bridge gaps during periods of change. In this column, Greg MacAyeal outlines the many facets of acting appointments—both the positive and the less so. MacAyeal provides much food for thought for those who may be tapped to take on such roles or are already negotiating their way through them. His insights are worthy of consideration by anyone who is juggling an acting position or thinking about doing so, as well as by administrations who rely on this mechanism during times of transition.—Editor

Rust, induced by the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus, is one of the most serious bean diseases. The involved mechanisms in rust resistance were evaluated in 10 common bean genotypes during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons. The disease parameters such as final rust severity (FRS%), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and disease increase rate (r-value) were lower in the resistant genotypes than in highly susceptible genotypes. Biochemical compounds such as total phenols and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were increased in the resistant genotypes compared to susceptible genotypes. In the resistance genotypes, the levels of oxidative stress markers such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•−) increased dramatically after infection. The electrolyte leakage percentage (EL%), was found to be much greater in susceptible genotypes than resistant genotypes. The resistant gene SA14, which was found in genotypes Nebraska and Calypso at 800 bp, had an adequate level of resistance to bean rust with high grain yield potential. After infection, the transcriptions levels of 1,3-D-glucanases and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) were higher in the resistant genotypes than susceptible genotypes. In conclusion, the resistant genotypes successfully displayed desirable agronomic traits and promising expectations in breeding programs for improving management strategies of common bean rust disease. The resistance was mediated by antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds, and defense gene expressions, as well as the resistant gene SA14.

After perception of specific biotic or abiotic stimuli, such as root colonization by rhizobacteria or selected chemicals, plants can enhance their basal resistance against pathogens. Due to its likely sustainability, this induced resistance will be valuable for disease management in agriculture. This study examined resistance against wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) induced by Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 (CHA0) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA). Seed dressing with CHA0 reduced the number of sporulating pustules on leaves, and expression of resistance was visible as necrotic or chlorotic leaf flecks. Beneficial effect of CHA0 on wheat seedlings growth was observed in when they were challenged or not with leaf rust. BABA was tested at 10, 15 or 20 mM, and a dose-dependent reduction of leaf rust infections was observed with greatest protection at 20 mM. However, BABA treatment repressed plant growth at 20 mM. Balancing the BABA impact on plant growth and its protective capacity, 15 mM of the compound was selected as suitable to protect wheat seedlings against leaf rust, with the least impact on vegetative host growth. Histological aspects of the pathogen infection process was studied to understand mechanisms of behind the observed resistance. The pre-entry process was not affected by the two resistance inducers, but both treatments reduced fungus penetration and haustorium formation. Timing and amplitude of the resistance reactions were different after bacterial or chemical induction, leading to different levels of resistance. During fungal colonization of host tissues, high deposition of callose and accumulation of H2O2 in both CHA0- and BABA-treated plants indicated important contributions to resistance.

By analyzing the typical fire cases and tunnel fire statistics during 2008 to 2013 in Fujian province of China, results shows that the main causes for the fire were vehicle accidents and spontaneous combustion. By the investigation, there are three approaches to prevent the tunnel fire exposed to different combustibles. For flammable solid, an effective method to prevent fires is to decrease the maximum environment temperature and the product concentration. For flammable liquid, adjusting the ambient temperature and enhancing ventilation can prevent or reduce the fire accidents. For flammable gas, the effective method to prevent the fire is to decrease the fuel density and the ambient temperature. So, for long tunnels or busy tunnels, it must strengthen the management of the vehicles. Moreover, in the hot season and rush hour it should control the ambient temperature inside the tunnels.

State-of-the-art manufacturing of tissue paper by Through Air Drying provides excellent product performance, although at a high production cost and energy use. In this work, a laboratory scale vacuum suction box was used to mimic the initial dewatering and the Through Air Drying molding, together with a pilot-scale trial. The purpose was to investigate both how the laboratory scale corresponds to pilot scale testing and investigate how fabric design, basis weight, beating, and fibers affect dewatering and sheet caliper. This study reevaluates dewatering mechanisms during molding, challenging the previous hypothesis of pure air displacement dewatering. Results show a parallel mechanism of compression dewatering and air displacement. The influence of rush transfer is examined, impacting the sheets’ visual appearance, thickness, and solids content. Correlations between molding box solids content and headbox freeness emphasize significance of fibers and beating levels. Pilot results confirm the link between former solids and molding box solids. Pilot trials validate the laboratory results, facilitating comprehensive simulation of full-scale manufacturing. This research reveals dewatering mechanisms, highlights operational parameters, and enables effective Through Air Drying process design and refinement.

Plants have developed complex defense mechanisms to protect themselves against pathogens. A wide-host-range fungus, Austropuccinia psidii, which has caused severe damage to ecosystems and plantations worldwide, is a major threat to Australian ecosystems dominated by members of the family Myrtaceae. In particular, the east coast wetland foundation tree species Melaleuca quinquenervia, appears to be variably susceptible to this pathogen. Understanding the molecular basis of host resistance would enable better management of this rust disease. We identified resistant and susceptible individuals of M. quinquenervia and explored their differential gene expression in order to discover the molecular basis of resistance against A. psidii. Rust screening of germplasm showed a varying degree of response, with fully resistant to highly susceptible individuals. We used transcriptome profiling in samples collected before and at 5 days postinoculation (dpi). Differential gene expression analysis showed that numerous defense-related genes were induced in susceptible plants at 5 dpi. Mapping reads against the A. psidii genome showed that only susceptible plants contained fungal-derived transcripts. Resistant plants exhibited an overexpression of candidate A. psidii resistance-related genes such as receptor-like kinases, nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat proteins, glutathione S-transferases, WRKY transcriptional regulators, and pathogenesis-related proteins. We identified large differences in the expression of defense-related genes among resistant individuals.

Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd., is one of the most economically important foliar diseases of soybean. Resistant cultivars could reduce yield losses and management costs but considerable pathogenic diversity exists among populations of the fungus; thus, resistance to a range of pathotypes is essential. Seedling and detached-leaf assays were conducted to characterize the resistance of 55 soybean plant introductions (PIs) to six purified isolates of P. pachyrhizi originating from the southern United States. In the greenhouse resistance assays, the differentials Hyuuga (PI 506764) and PI 471904 and accessions PI 224268, PI 567025A, PI 567039, PI 567046A, and DT 2000 (PI 635999) were resistant to all six isolates, including Florida isolates from 2011 and 2012 that were able to defeat resistance conditioned by the Rpp1 through Rpp4 genes. Twenty-six other PIs were resistant to four or five of the six isolates. In the detached-leaf assays, eight accessions developed reddish-brown reactions to all six isolates, with an average of only 0.23 to 0.55 uredinia/lesion. These included Hyuuga, DT 2000, two differentials with a resistance allele at the Rpp5 locus, and accessions PI 224268, PI 423960B, PI 567025A, and PI 567046A. Many of the resistant accessions have subsequently been reported to have a resistance allele at the Rpp3 locus, and two others have resistance genes at the Rpp4 or Rpp6 locus. This study provided new information about resistance reaction phenotypes that can be useful for understanding mechanisms of resistance, which Rpp genes and alleles could be combined to obtain broader and more durable rust resistance in soybean cultivars, and pathotype diversity among the six isolates used.

One of the most urgent problems of modern healthcare in Russia and worldwide is the increase in the number of people with overweight and obesity. It is generally recognized that overweight and obesity increase the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). At the same time, recent data indicate that pathomorphism of other chronic non-infectious diseases was also noted during preserving trend towards an increase in the obesity prevalence, for which the presence of overweight or obesity was not considered a traditional risk factor. Using the example of a clinical case concerning a female patient with a combined course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and NAFLD, the article presents up-to-date information on risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of such comorbidity and suggests treatment methods to improve the therapy efficacy for this patient cohort. The presence of common risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms creates the basis for the formation of comorbidity of IBS and NAFLD, which requires the development of patient-centered management. KEYWORDS: irritable bowel syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, intestinal permeability, intestinal microbiota, mebeverin, ademetionine. FOR CITATION: Livzan M.A., Gaus O.V., Fedorin M.M. IBS phenotype associated with obesity and overweight: treatment tactics for patient- centered management. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(5):323–331 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-5-11.

Understanding the mechanisms leading to the formation and the propagation of traffic jams in large cities is of crucial importance for urban planning and traffic management. Many studies have already considered the emergence of traffic jams from the point of view of phase transitions, but mostly in simple geometries such as highways for example or in the framework of percolation where an external parameter is driving the transition. More generally, empirical evidence and characterization for a congestion transition in complex road networks are scarce, and here, we use traffic measures for Paris (France) during the period 2014–2018 for testing the existence of a jamming transition at the urban level. In particular, we show that the correlation function of delays due to congestion is a power law (with exponent η ≈ 0.4) combined with an exponential cut-off ξ . This correlation length is shown to diverge during rush hours, pointing to a jamming transition in urban traffic. We also discuss the spatial structure of congestion and identify a core of congested links that participate in most traffic jams and whose structure is specific during rush hours. Finally, we show that the spatial structure of congestion is consistent with a reaction–diffusion picture proposed previously.

Cryptolestes ferrugineus, the rusty grain beetle, is a cosmopolitan pest that has adapted to cool and warm climates due to its unique biology, ecology, and behavior. The rusty grain beetle is a pest of high economic importance; hence, understanding their biology, ecology, and behavior could be useful in designing effective management strategies. An extensive literature survey was conducted using the databases Web of Science and Scopus. Information on country-wise publications from 1949 to 2023 on C. ferrugineus was provided, and a table illustrating the distribution of C. ferrugineus was also presented to demonstrate the global significance of C. ferrugineus. We overviewed their life stages, morphology, and factors influencing their biology, ecology, and behavior, such as refuge-seeking behavior, flight activity, mating behavior, interspecific interaction with other species, movement, and distribution. Mathematical models focusing on C. ferrugineus population dynamics and movement were also presented. In order to advance our knowledge on C. ferrugineus, the following possible avenues for future research were outlined: application of molecular markers and population genetic approaches to understand their evolutionary history; mechanisms responsible for adaptation and resistance to insecticide; interspecific interaction in storage facilities and wider landscapes; and identification of microbial roles in the ecology, behavior, and control of C. ferrugineus.

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is one of the most common adverse effects of antimicrobial therapy. This paper discusses AAD pathogenesis related to the direct effect of an antibiotic on the intestinal wall and modulation of gut microbiocenosis composition (including idiopathic and Clostridioides difficile-associated AAD). Searching the keywords "antibiotic-associated diarrhea", "microbiota", "intestinal motor activity", "prebiotics", "probiotics", "diarrheal syndrome" for publications indexed in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was per- formed. Mechanisms of the effect of microbiota composition on intestinal motility and mechanisms of action of probiotics are systematized. Pathogenic mechanisms of AAD are heterogeneous, thereby requiring a differentiated approach to its prevention and management strategy. Among the etiological agents of AAD, Clostridioides difficile, a grampositive aerobic spore-forming bacillus that is resistant to most antibiotics, is of particular importance. To prevent idiopathic and Clostridioides difficile-associated AAD and recover healthy gut microflora, high-risk patients are recommended with probiotics. Among probiotics, Saccharomyces boulardii that is used as monotherapy or in combination therapy is one of the most effective ones. KEYWORDS: antibiotic-associated diarrhea, microbiota, probiotics, diarrheal syndrome, Saccharomyces. FOR CITATION: Livzan M.A., Fedorin M.M. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea in clinical practice: preventive and therapeutic approaches. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(5):259–265 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-5-259-265

Neuropathic pain syndromes (NPS), pathogenetically associated with the demyelinating process in the central nervous system and patient maladjustment, are commonly found in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Primarily, the diagnosis of NPS is based on a careful analysis of clinical symptoms, while the MRI data and neurophysiological methods are of auxiliary importance. Difficulties in the NPS treatment are due to the patterns of pathogenetic mechanisms that determine the chronic nature of NPS, as well as limited efficacy and common adverse events of the drug therapy. The review examines modern views concerning the main variants of NPS in MS (persistent extremity pain, trigeminal neuralgia, Lhermitte’s sign, painful tonic spasms), describes the patterns of pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of each syndrome, provides data on the information value of additional examination methods, analyzes existing methods to conservative therapy based on the randomized trials data. Particular attention is paid to the following points in patient management with NPS: setting adequate treatment goals, choosing medications, using rational combined pharmacotherapy and non-drug treatment methods, increasing patients’ adherence to therapy. KEYWORDS: multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain syndromes, persistent extremity pain, trigeminal neuralgia, Lhermitte’s sign, painful tonic spasms, treatment tactics of neuropathic pain. FOR CITATION: Kiselev D.V., Spirin N.N., Baranova N.S., Karpova M.S. Neuropathic pain syndromes in patients with multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, patient management. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(10):556–562 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022- 6-10-556-562.

The purposes are to predict exchange rate fluctuations more accurately and enhance Chinese enterprises’ ability to avoid exchange rate risks. Renminbi (RMB) exchange rate fluctuation’s prediction methods are studied based on data mining technology. The Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is introduced first using a modeling method that combines linear and nonlinear models. The linear prediction is obtained by the ARIMA model’s application in the RMB exchange rate’s dynamic fluctuation analysis. The nonlinear residual prediction is obtained by integrating the ARIMA model with the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. The RMB exchange rate fluctuations’ influence mechanism on China’s economic growth is explored by theoretical analysis and empirical research. The US dollar’s daily central parity rate (USD) data against the RMB from September 2015 to March 2019 are selected for model verification, obtaining the exchange rate’s logarithmic return sequence (RUSD).

This case study presents a stormy incident at Green Kitchen Family Restaurant (GKFR) about a service delay. A group of customers came to the restaurant after a tiresome journey and the hunger was visible on their faces. After taking the order, the steward usually briefs the customer about the delivery time. As the steward who handled that table was a newcomer and he missed informing them the delivery time. The peak hour rush on that day was just that they had to wait for a little extra than usual. This aggravated the anger of the customer which resulted in a poor feedback and a complaint posted on Google+ about the service delay at GKFR. Now the task before the founder is, how to deal with such complaints from a tech-savvy customer and the need to understand the nature and implications of the social media network posts to devise optimal service recovery mechanisms for better customer relationship management.

ABSTRACTCloud computing services are finding rapid adoption as organizations seek cost reduction, technical expertise, flexibility, and adaptable mechanisms to attain advantages in fast-moving business environments. The related considerations of governance, audit, and assurance of cloud computing services might be inadvertently overlooked in a rush to adopt these cloud services. This paper focuses on cloud computing governance and audit issues by presenting research questions informed by both practice and research. A cloud computing ecosystem is presented and an IT Governance framework (Wilkin and Chenhall 2010) is referenced as a means to structure research questions. Key issues of risk, security, monitoring, control, and compliance should be considered early in the cloud services decision process. The tight coupling of intercompany operations between the cloud client and cloud provider(s) forms an interdependent, operationally coupled ecosystem. Planned governance is needed to achieve a well-governed, functional, and secure cloud computing environment. The audit role is complicated when the organization's financial data and/or critical applications are hosted externally with a cloud service provider that may use other cloud service providers.

Invasive alien species are regarded as one of the major driving forces of species extinction worldwide. To counteract the invasion’s spread and minimize species extinction risk, countries like South Africa are devoted to halting human-induced invasion using various means. The failed efforts to halt the invasion spread have forced South African scientists to start considering social controlling mechanisms, including utilization of these species without propagation as one of the alternatives. It is within this context that this review was aimed at making an inventory of invasive grass species that provide ecosystem services in South Africa. The required data were gathered through rigorous literature surveys and analysis. A total of 19 invasive alien grass and rush species, from 15 genera and two families that are associated with provision of ecosystems services, were documented. The reported species are associated with the provision of nine ecosystem services. The current study argued that although these species are associated with some ecosystem services, they can also threaten the ecological integrity of the ecosystems if not properly managed. Insights about ecosystem services associated with invasive alien grass and rush species are significant in balancing the complex environmental issues and livelihood requirements in rural South Africa.

Abdominal pain, one of the most common complaints of patients visiting pediatrician and gastroenterologist, is a multifactorial syndrome. Thus, physicians often need to generate challenging differential diagnoses. Thorough gathering of the medical history and physical examination are the best tools for making diagnosis. However, in some cases it is necessary to use laboratory tests and instrumental methods. In some cases, the search for effective treatment of abdominal pain becomes a difficult task requiring a multidisciplinary approach for developing symptom management strategies. The article presents a literature review focused on the issues of acute and chronic abdominal pain in children and summarizes the latest trends in performing patient examination and making differential diagnosis. Emphasis is made on the differential diagnosis of conditions considered as the most common causes of abdominal pain and functional gastrointestinal disorders classified according to Rome IV Criteria. The article elucidates the latest therapeutic approaches to the management of pain abdominal syndrome and considers mechanisms that may be involved in its pathogenesis. KEYWORDS: children, acute abdominal pain, chronic abdominal pain, functional gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, abdominal migraine, Rome IV Criteria, trimebutine. FOR CITATION: Medvedeva E.A., Khavkin A.I. Abdominal pain masqueraders in preschool and primary-school-age children. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(2):175–183 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-2-175-183.

This paper discusses the issues emerging during the treatment of lower-limb arterial diseases and intermittent claudication. According to the international and Russian guidelines, the common management strategy for intermittent claudication is as follows: conservative treatment is recommended in patients without limiting intermittent claudication who can walk 30 m or more without pain. Drugs that are prescribed is these patients are addressed. No large well-designed studies on most of these drugs were conducted, therefore, it is challenging to assess their efficacy in patients with intermittent claudication. The authors focus on cilostazol that has the largest evidence base. This drug is included in the Russian and international clinical guidelines. Several students demonstrate that cilostazol provides antithrombotic effect, stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques, prevents hyperplasia of neointima and restenosis after vascular procedures, improves lipid metabolism, and significantly increases pain-free walking distance (intermittent claudication distance). Recent studies show that cilostazol can be used in the complex treatment for COVID-19 due to pleiotropic mechanism of action. KEYWORDS: lower-limb arterial diseases, intermittent claudication, conservative treatment, cilostazol, COVID-19, restenosis, antiplatelet therapy. FOR CITATION: Kuznetsov M.R., Reshetov I.V., Sapelkin S.V., Yasnopol’skaya N.V. Conservative treatment for intermittent claudication. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(4):212–217 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-4-212-217.

The financial crisis is basically a condition of the economy experiencing a rapid decline caused by the demand for money that exceeds the supply of money due to the occurrence of a large bank rush. In order to seek more accurate monitoring and review of the stability of the banking system and national financial system in order to avoid the recurrence of systemic risk, in the event that the supervisory and supervisory duties of banks have been separated from Bank Indonesia, then Bank Indonesia as the central bank needs to be authorized to be able to directly access reliable data in the banking sector. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with research findings that the impact of the crisis on the economy has proven to have a bad impact on the Indonesian economy and as has been explained that the economic crisis, especially the financial crisis, has a repeating period, meaning that if a country has ever been affected by an economic crisis, it will not be affected by the economic crisis. the country will soon be free from the economic crisis because it might happen again. And financial system stability is a condition in which economic mechanisms in pricing, allocation of funds, and risk management function properly and support economic growth.

Dysmenorrhea is a complex of symptoms that most commonly occurs a day before or on the first day of menstruation. This paper describes in detail risk factors and prevalence of the primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. The authors discuss the etiology and pathogenesis of period pain, the mechanism of analgesic action of combined analgesic, and its use for primary dysmenorrhea depending on its severity. Systematic reviews of the comparative analysis of the efficacy of management strategies for primary dysmenorrhea have demonstrated that NSAIDs are beneficial for moderate-to-severe pelvic pain. A broad effect of NSAIDs on pain relief is mediated by reducing the production of prostaglandins (inflammatory mediators). NSAIDs or antispasmodics are most commonly used to reduce dysmenorrhea symptoms. Russian scientists focus on fixed-dose combinations of NSAIDs and myotropic antispasmodics, e.g., ibuprofen, pitofenone hydrochloride (myotropic antispasmodic), and fenpiverinium bromide (M-cholinoblocker with central and peripheral action). The pathogenic basis for the use of this combination for primary dysmenorrhea is addressed. KEYWORDS: primary dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, NSAIDs, menstrual pain, myotropic antispasmodic, M-cholinoblocker, fixed-dose combination. FOR CITATION: Chebotareva Yu.Yu., Petrov Yu.A. Pathogenic basis for the use of a combined analgesic for pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(2):146–152 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-2-146-152.

Bandar Lampung City is currently carrying out physical infrastructure development between the Government and the community hoping that this infrastructure can improve the socio economy of the community in several tourist attraction areas in Bandar Lampung City. The author will describe what the government has done to the local tourism infrastructure in Bandar Lampung City related to the development mechanism and local tourism management efforts in Bandar Lampung City using Cooper, Fletcherm, Gilbert, Stepherd and Wanhill Theory. This research uses descriptive research type with qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interview, and documentation. The research locations in this thesis are the Bandar Lampung City Tourism Office and the Bandar Lampung City Public Works Office. As well as three tourist sites managed by the government, namely: Sumur Putri, Batu Putu, and Taman Rusa, The results of the study found that the indicators of local tourism development in the city of Bandar Lampung have not been fully equitable carried out by the government because of the three tourist sites studied by researchers only one tourist location, namely the sumur putri tourist location that gets more government attention in tourism development and for the deer park tourist location is still only limited to not getting extra development from the government and for Batu Putu still needs massive development because it requires a lot of development in each research indicator. As for the supporting factors for the positive response of the community, road access to tourist sites on the main route is good, management from the private sector on facilities and infrastructure in princess wells tourism and the city center and inhibiting factors for government focus, covid-19, government attention and lack of public transportation.

Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most common urgent neurological conditions in children. SE occurs as a result of the failure of the mechanisms responsible for stopping seizures, or of those that cause abnormally long seizures. The International League against Epilepsy recommends examining patients with epilepsy (including those with new-onset SE) using neuroimaging methods. In order to assess the informative value of neuroimaging methods in determining the causes of SE, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 44 medical records of pediatric patients with new-onset SE who were admitted in critical condition to the children’s intensive care unit for the period from 2000 to 2019. In the studied sample, only 32 patients were examined using neuroimaging methods (MRI, CT, EEG, video EEG monitoring). In 25% of cases, no changes were detected. The rest revealed epileptogenic (15.3%), conditionally epileptogenic (65.5%) and non-epileptogenic (19.2%) changes. To clarify the etiology of epilepsy in the latter case, it is recommended to conduct additional examination using other diagnostic methods. Thus, the use of neuroimaging methods is an important link in the patient management with new-onset SE. KEYWORDS: epilepsy, status epilepticus, children, brain, neuroimaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography. FOR CITATION: Kulish E.A., Frolova V.M. Neuroimaging in pediatric patients with new-onset status epilepticus. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(10):596–599 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-10-596-599.

Barlow's disease (BD) is one of the dominant forms of degenerative mitral valve (MV) disease characterized by morphological changes of the connective tissue triggering the mechanism of mitral valve leaflet coaptation failure. The disease is characterized by MV prolapse driven by chordal rupture or elongation, leaflet area enlargement and annular ectasia. Typical BD symptoms are found in 24% of patients with mitral valve prolapse (MPV). It should be noted that BD is a heritable disorder. Patients with BD are typically young women (less than 40-year-old), who remain asymptomatic for a long time. BD is often diagnosed incidentally, during the screening examination. Radical correction of such MV dysfunction can be achieved only by using surgical techniques. Based on echocardiography findings, two types of Barlow's disease are distinguished: a classical one with MV leaflet thickening and a non-classical — without its thickening (presumably associated with dysplasia of the connective tissue). This article is focused on the foundations of semiotics and the main principles of BD patient management. It provides a review of MVP and mitral incompetence causes and describes a clinical case of surgical BD treatment. KEYWORDS: mitral regurgitation, plastic surgery of the mitral valve, Barlow's disease, mitral valve prolapse, heritable disorders of connective tissue, dysplasia. FOR CITATION: Reznik E.V., Golubev Yu.Yu., Yurtaeva N.V. et al. Barlow's disease illustrated by a clinical case. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(1):41–48 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-1-41-48.

Congestion at toll roads has become a pervasive issue in contemporary times, predominantly manifesting at toll booths during the payment process. A noteworthy contributor to this congestion has been identified as the sluggish operational speed of boom gates. In response to this challenge, a modification strategy was implemented to enhance the operational efficiency of existing boom gates. The primary modification involved substituting the conventional electric motor with a more advanced Brushless DC (BLDC) motor boasting a power rating of 660 watts. Additionally, an innovative augmentation integrated a motorcycle disk brake system into the boom gate mechanism. Replacing the original electric motor's internal brake system with the disk brake system aimed to optimize the overall performance of the boom gate. The integration of the motorcycle disk brake system was further complemented by incorporating the push braking system (knoken braking system), serving as the actuator instead of the traditional motorcycle lever handle. This strategic substitution was instrumental in activating the disk brake function at the boom gate. During peak rush hours, the modified boom gate underwent rigorous testing at both the Ciawi and Kelapa Gading toll gates. Results from the trial activities unveiled a remarkable improvement in the boom gate's operational speed. Specifically, the opening speed demonstrated an impressive surge of 51 percent, catapulting from 548 ms to 265 ms. Similarly, the closing speed exhibited a commendable enhancement of 44 percent, elevating from 602 ms to 332 ms. Furthermore, the boom gate cycle per hour experienced a notable escalation, increasing by 25 percent from 356 to 449 cars per hour. These findings underscore the efficacy of the implemented modifications in ameliorating congestion issues at toll booths.

Clarifying the distribution pattern and overlapping relationship of sympatric relative species in the spatio-temporal niche is of great significance to the basic theory of community ecology and integrated management of multi-species habitats in the same landscape. In this study, based on a 9-year dataset (2012–2021) from 493 camera-trap sites in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, we analyzed the habitat distributions and activity patterns of tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) and sambar (Rusa unicolor). (1) Combined with 235 and 153 valid presence sites of tufted deer and sambar, the MaxEnt model was used to analyze the distribution of the two species based on 11 ecological factors. The distribution areas of the two species were 1038.40 km2 and 692.67 km2, respectively, with an overlapping area of 656.67 km2. Additionally, the overlap indexes Schoener’s D (D) and Hellinger’s-based I (I) were 0.703 and 0.930, respectively. (2) Based on 10437 and 5203 independent captures of tufted deer and sambar, their daily activity rhythms were calculated by using the kernel density estimation. The results showed that the daily activity peak in the two species appeared at dawn and dusk; however, the activity peak in tufted deer at dawn and dusk was later and earlier than sambar, respectively. Our findings revealed the spatio-temporal niche relationship between tufted deer and sambar, contributing to a further understanding of the coexistence mechanism and providing scientific information for effective wild animal conservation in the reserve and other areas in the southeastern edge of the Qinghai­–Tibetan Plateau.

Due to the challenge of prostate cancer (PCa) management, there has been a surge in efforts to identify more safe and effective compounds that can modulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) for driving metastasis. Holothurin A (HA), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Holothuria scabra, has now been characterized for its diverse biological activities. However, the mechanisms of HA in EMT-driven metastasis of human PCa cell lines has not yet been investigated. Moreover, runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) acts as an oncogene in prostate cancer, but little is known about its role in the EMT. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine how RUNX1 influences EMT-mediated metastasis, as well as the potential effect of HA on EMT-mediated metastasis in endogenous and exogenous RUNX1 expressions of PCa cell lines. The results demonstrated that RUNX1 overexpression could promote the EMT phenotype with increased EMT markers, consequently driving metastatic migration and invasion in PC3 cell line through the activation of Akt/MAPK signaling pathways. Intriguingly, HA treatment could antagonize the EMT program in endogenous and exogenous RUNX1-expressing PCa cell lines. A decreasing metastasis of both HA-treated cell lines was evidenced through a downregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 via the Akt/P38/JNK-MAPK signaling pathway. Overall, our approach first demonstrated that RUNX1 enhanced EMT-driven prostate cancer metastasis and that HA was capable of inhibiting the EMT and metastatic processes and should probably be considered as a candidate for metastasis PCa treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of tricin on ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis, and unravel theunderling mechanism of action.Methods: An osteoporosis rat model was established by conducting ovariectomy (OVX). Changes in the microstructure of the trabecular bone were visualized using Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and a three-point bending test was employed to assess the biomechanical stability of the femurs, after the administration of tricin (20 and 40 mg/kg). Subsequently, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated and treated with tricin (7 and 15 μM). Alizarin red staining was performed to assess mineralization, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2); osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1a1) were quantified using western blot analysis. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway related proteins, i.e., Wnt3a, β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3 β) were determined.Results: Ovariectomy induced thinner and discontinuous trabecular bone, with increased marrow cavities, while application of tricin significantly improved the density and regularity meshwork, but reduced marrow cavities. Tricin also enhanced biomechanical competence as seen in the upregulated maximum load, stiffness, young modulus and maximum stress compared with OVX group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, tricin increased calcification in BMSCs, and significantly upregulated the expressions of RUNX2, OCN and COL1A1 when compared with OVX group (p < 0.01). It promoted Wnt/β-catenin signaling by enhancing Wnt3a and β-catenin, while inhibiting GSK3β expression, compared with OVX group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01).Conclusion: Tricin exerts protective effects against OVX-induced osteoporosis by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, tricin is a potential therapeutic agent for the management of osteoporosis.

This paper reviews the pathogenic mechanisms of the development and progression of comorbid cholelithiasis (CL) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The authors discuss gender and anatomic physiological patterns, and the effects of insulin resistance, obesity, adipose tissue hormones, and cholecystectomy on clinical morphological abnormalities in coexisting CL and NAFLD. In addition to lipid metabolism abnormalities, comorbid CL and NAFLD are characterized by deviations in the amount and proportions of fatty acids and hormonal imbalance (i.e., hyperleptinemia, leptin resistance, and insulin resistance). Cholecystectomy is an unfavorable factor for the progressive course of NAFLD and development of liver fibrosis. As a result, individualized management strategies are required in these cases. The authors present their own study that enrolled 183 patients with NAFLD. Their data demonstrate that coexisting NAFLD and CL have certain clinical laboratory signatures, while the postoperative period after cholecystectomy in patients with NAFLD is characterized by greater cardiovascular risk and liver fibrosis progression. The authors discuss the use of a combined preparation of ursodeoxycholic acid and sodium glycyrrhizinate in these patients. Two-component hepatoprotective treatment with this agent has pathogenically-target effect in comorbid NAFLD and CL. KEYWORDS: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cholelithiasis, comorbidity, liver fibrosis, cholecystectomy. FOR CITATION: Krolevets T.S., Livzan M.A., Syrovenko M.I., Cherkashchenko N.A. Pathogenic aspects of the comorbid course of non- alcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis: a review and the authors’ results. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(5):278–285 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-5-278-285.

Transportation of goods and people plays a vital role in the lives of everyone and in virtually all businesses on earth accordingly the demand on our overburdened transportation system is increasing every day . The traffic congestion multiplies the effects of individual variations in driving performance as determined by physical abilities, knowledge, experience and, indeed, personality. We lose control over our plans and schedules; we rush because we're late; we cause accidents through recklessness and bad temper...In other hand The Intelligent Car initiative is an attempt to move towards a new paradigm, one where cars dont crash anymore, and traffic congestion is drastically reduced, Intelligent systems can support drivers to avoid accidents, optimise engine performance, reduce travel times, enhance efficiency and confort, increase productivity, improve road safety, raise management perfomance ...For intelligent transportation systems to reach their true potential we need an environment in which innovative and flexible services can be developed and delivered cost- effectively, to drivers and vehicles.Today building context-aware services is a complex and time consuming task. We present a Vehicle Context-Aware Service Framework architecture for the building and rapid prototyping of context aware vehicle services.We propose a simple and dynamique data-model which supports context acquiring and processing, semantic representing, context reasoning and cooperating sensing( sharing knowledge, resolving sensors conflicts...).The Vehicle Context-Aware Service Framework objective is to support vehicles users with personalized services. Our framework offers mechanisms to deliver vehicle diagnostic and maintenance services, Location and time Based Services, and also it suggests other services based on context-aware information, It provides them in a personalized and an adaptive manner to the user.

The accumulation of uremic toxins (UTs) is a prototypical manifestation of uremic milieu that follows renal function decline (chronic kidney disease, CKD). Frailty as a potential outcome-relevant indicator is also prevalent in CKD. The intertwined relationship between uremic toxins, including small/large solutes (phosphate, asymmetric dimethylarginine) and protein-bound ones like indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS), and frailty pathogenesis has been documented recently. Uremic toxins were shown in vitro and in vivo to induce noxious effects on many organ systems and likely influenced frailty development through their effects on multiple preceding events and companions of frailty, such as sarcopenia/muscle wasting, cognitive impairment/cognitive frailty, osteoporosis/osteodystrophy, vascular calcification, and cardiopulmonary deconditioning. These organ-specific effects may be mediated through different molecular mechanisms or signal pathways such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), osterix, Notch signaling, autophagy effectors, microRNAs, and reactive oxygen species induction. Anecdotal clinical studies also suggest that frailty may further accelerate renal function decline, thereby augmenting the accumulation of UTs in affected individuals. Judging from these threads of evidence, management strategies aiming for uremic toxin reduction may be a promising approach for frailty amelioration in patients with CKD. Uremic toxin lowering strategies may bear the potential of improving patients’ outcomes and restoring their quality of life, through frailty attenuation. Pathogenic molecule-targeted therapeutics potentially disconnect the association between uremic toxins and frailty, additionally serving as an outcome-modifying approach in the future.

The article considers the state as a social institution, historical formation and political system. The crisis of modern states that have to deal with the problem of the pandemic, building up a new system of social relations between the state and the society is a starting point for the current analysis. The authors focus on Russia before and after the pandemic. Social and political processes of the post-Soviet state are in the center of investigation too. The authors also touch upon the question of a political entity created on the territory of post-Soviet Russia, which is the state nominally but not objectively. The authors use a comparative-historical analysis appealing to the history of the West European states of the period of the Roman Empire disintegration as well as barbarian kingdoms creation. Analyzing post-Soviet Russia the authors draw some parallels with Kiev Russ. They also suggest a structural and industrial model of the state formation in order to analyze the modern Russian state: one of the social structures of the former state became a determinant and dominating factor, and that is not territory, though it is more customary to think so. The super union appeared on the post-Soviet territory as the result of some political processes. One more aspect of the analysis is the investigation of the elite, i. e. clientele, its purposes and opportunities, as well as the correlation of the elite and bureaucracy in the Russian society. The investigation of the state management mechanisms is completed with the social reaction analysis, feedback on the social changes performed. The authors present the results of sociological investigations of the Khabarovskiy Kray population. In the conclusion, the authors say that the pandemic revealed and made stronger some social tendencies in building a structural and industrial state manifesting social conflicts between power and society.

The proportion of patients with severe asthma among asthma patients is approximately 5–10%. Severe asthma is associated with a heavy economic burden and remains a major public health problem. Patients with severe asthma require significant use of healthcare resources, i.e., the rate of exacerbation-related hospital admissions and unscheduled emergency department visits is two- and three-fold, respectively, higher than that in non-severe asthma. The discovery of the molecular mechanisms of asthma pathogenesis allowed the development of biological genetically engineering therapies that provide an effective therapeutic option for severe asthma by improving the quality of life by reducing the rate of exacerbations, improving lung function, and reducing the need for systemic steroids with a good safety profile. Targets for existing biological agents include IgE, interleukins (IL)-4, 5, and 13, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. These drugs include omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, and tezepelumab, which were recently registered in Russia. Pharmacoeconomic analysis demonstrates a reduction in the costs of managing patients with severe asthma who receive targeted therapy despite the financial costs of its implementation. The choice of targeted drug is always a complex task that requires careful assessment of clinical, anamnestic, and laboratory parameters. In addition, monoclonal antibodies are an expensive treatment option. Currently, centers for genetically engineering biological therapies are being created to achieve effective routing and continuity in the management of these patients and to minimize financial costs. KEYWORDS: severe asthma, eosinophilic phenotype, genetically engineered biological therapy (GEBT), registry, medical commission, targeted therapy, monoclonal antibodies, type 2 immune response. FOR CITATION: Titova O.N., Volchkov V.A., Kuzubova N.A., Sklyarova D.B. Organization of medical care for patients with severe asthma requiring genetically engineered biological therapies in St. Petersburg. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(8):493–497 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-8-3.

Background:Ulcerative colitis (UC) is considered as a systemic autoimmune disease with lesions of the colon mucosa. The current of UC is often accompanied by different extra-intestinal manifestations. Their frequency, according to various studies, varies widely – from 25 to 60 %. It is a serious problem that affects the quality of life and the effectiveness of therapy [1, 2]. Rheumatological manifestations, in particular, damage to the joints and spine, are one of the extra-intestinal manifestations and they are of particular importance. To date, the relationship between UC and joint damage has not been fully studied. These diseases can occur independently in the body or have a common autoimmune or inflammatory nature. It is believed that having common pathogenetic mechanisms of development, UC and joint damage can be different clinical forms of the same disease.Objectives:To evaluate the frequency of clinical manifestations of joint damage in patients with ulcerative colitis.Methods:The study was conducted at the gastroenterological Department of the Hospital №25 (Russia, Volgograd). Archived data from the case histories of 69 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis were analyzed, including 58 men (30.4%) with an average age of 33.4 years, and 38 women (69.5%) with an average age of 37.6 years.Results:Among 48 patients with UC, extra-intestinal manifestations were detected in 40 (41.6%) patients. A total lesion of the large intestine was found in 20 patients (20.8%), left-sided colitis in 14 (14, 6%), proctosigmoiditis in 6 (6.25%). The diagnosis was made for the first time in 4 patients (4.16%), 36 patients (37.5%) were admitted to the hospital again due to an exacerbation of the disease. Among the extra-intestinal manifestations, joint lesions prevailed: 20 patients (20.8%) showed clinical signs of peripheral arthritis, spondyloarthritis was detected in 8 patients (8.3 %), and 6 patients (6.25 %) had symptoms of unilateral sacroiliitis. 4 (4.16%) patients were diagnosed with nodular erythema. Primary sclerosing cholangitis was detected in two patients (2.08%).Conclusion:The development of extra-intestinal manifestations in UC is largely determined by the course of the disease and the length of the inflammatory process in the colon. More than a third of patients with UC revealed extra-intestinal manifestations, among which the most common signs of joint damage were present, which necessitates timely diagnosis of extra-intestinal manifestations and involvement of a rheumatologist in the management of this category of patients.References:[1]Knyazev O. V. et al. Epidemiologi of inflammatory bowel disease. Yesterdey, today, tomorrow. Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Gastroenterologiya 2017; 139 (3): 4–12 (In Russ.)[2]Sadygova G.G. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases: arthropathy and arthritis. Ross z gastroenterol gepatol koloproktol 2016; 26(6):101-5 (In Russ.)Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The study investigates the central current issues in extreme forest fire extinction from organizational and technological perspectives. An analysis of the problems in the field of forest pyrology is established on the principles of systematic approach, methods of logical analysis and synthesis of ongoing processes. It indicates the need to develop modern mechanisms against forest fires of various types, which are often the origins of emergency forest fires of various scales. It has been determined that the scientifically substantiated ways of arrangement and implementation of measures for fire prevention and elimination should be supported by an adequate functioning system for scientifically based management decisions. Such a system should be grounded on the processes of the integrated fire monitoring and predicting of the forest fire situation, supervising and estimating the dynamics as well as consequences of the forest fires, their sources of various types and emergency scenarios with gradated threat scales. There are multiple fire extinguishing techniques with various productivity, environmental friendliness, cost efficiency, speed response that have been practically proven over a long period of time. Although the elevation of the results, according to the parameters of the reduced number of burns and the forest areas covered by fire, shows the need for improvement, as well as the generation and realization of the new modern methods against burns on wooded areas especially with the damaging factors. It is recommended to reduce the fire hazard class caused by weather conditions by using an environmentally compatible and efficient electrophysical principals. Such response procedures have gone through an extensive practical examination in different geographical conditions of the Russian Federation and in several foreign countries. It should be mentioned that this approach has a great potential for prevention and termination of large forest fires, reducing the damaging factors coming from the sources of emergency fire situations. For citation: Podrezov Yu.V. Principal Directions for Prevention of Emergency Fire Situations in Forests. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 172–182. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-172-182

During the mining process of the near-vertical seam, there will be movement and collapse of the “roof side” rock layer and the “overlying coal seam,” as well as the emergence of the “floor side” rock layer roof which is more complicated than the inclined and gently inclined coal seams, which causes problems with slippage or overturning damage. With the increase of the inclination of the coal seam, the impact of the destruction of the immediate roof on the stope and roadway gradually becomes prominent, while the impact of the destruction of the basic roof on the stope and the roadway gradually weakens. The destruction of the immediate roof of the near-vertical coal seam will cause a large area of coal and rock mass to suddenly rush to the working face and the two lanes, resulting in rapid deformation of the roadway, overturning of equipment, overturning of personnel, and even severe rock pressure disaster accidents, all of which pose a serious threat to coal mine safety and production. It is necessary to carry out research on the mechanical response mechanism of the immediate roof of near-upright coal seams, to analyse the weighting process of steeply inclined thick coal seam sub-level mining. A four fixed support plate model and top three clamped edges simply supported plate model for roof stress distribution are established before the first weighting of the roof during the upper and lower level mining process. The bottom three clamped edges simply supported plate model and two adjacent edges clamped on the edge of a simply supported plate model are established for roof stress distribution before periodic weighting of the roof during the upper and lower level mining process. The Galerkin method is used to make an approximate solution of deflection equation under the effect of sheet normal stress, and then roof failure criterion is established based on the maximum tensile stress strength criterion and generalized Hooke law. This paper utilizes FLAC3D finite element numerical simulation software, considering the characteristics of steeply inclined thick coal seam sub-level mining. It undertakes orthogonal numerical simulation experiment in three levels with different depths, coal seam angles, lateral pressure coefficient, and orientation of maximum horizontal principal stress, and translates roof stress of corresponding 9 simulation experiment into steeply inclined roof normal stress. We conclude that the distribution law of normal stress along dip and dip direction of a roof under the circumstance of different advancing distances and different sub-levels. The caving pace of first weight and periodical weight were counted under the effect of the roof uniform normal stress. It can better predict the weighting situation of the working face and ensure the safe, efficient, and sustainable mining of coal mines.

Oil industry executives surveyed last year ranked the potential positive impact of big data analytics at the top of the list of trends, higher than even changes in oil demand. That bold conclusion was from a survey by accounting firm Ernst and Young (EY), putting big data analytics among the top trends that could aid business growth in the next 3 years, even above the demand swings that move oil prices. The survey may have reflected the mood last summer when the outlook for oil consumption looked so weak that cost saving was the only path to better results. “The survey speaks to a high-level ambition across the operator community to use digital as a mechanism to drive down costs,” said Toby Summers executive director for EY. The promise there is that digital can allow them to scale up operations with fewer hires in good times and scale back with fewer layoffs when the cycle turns down. These projects also cost less than other cost-cutting options. “Digitization is one of the cheapest ways to get the business more resilient,” said Patrick von Pattay, a vice president for Wintershall Dea, a Germany-based independent, and chairman of the Digital Transformation Committee of SPE’s Digital Energy Technical Section. Process changes supported by digital analysis can cost a couple hundred thousand dollars; that is not a lot of money in a business where a single offshore well often costs hundreds of millions. What is not obvious is who does the work. The rush to digital has scrambled traditional relationships with oilfield service companies and brought in new players, from Silicon Valley giants to a flurry of startups in the oil business, a few of which have become established players. As a result of the change in the technology, and the business models of the upstarts, oil company technical teams can and do play a more active role in digital technology development and use than in the past. Changes began in 2014, when the sudden end of $100/bbl oil forced oil companies to drop their long-time reliance on owning their own computer systems. Oil companies finally joined the decade-old shift to buying data storage and processing as a service from giants such as Amazon and Google. That facilitated digital innovations by centralizing their data, eliminating splintered storage systems that hindered analysis. The giant looming over the service business now is Amazon Web Services (AWS). The cloud storage arm of the online retail and logistics giant has grown exponentially, doing everything from selling an array of digital tools to promoting a list of preferred energy providers. Digital newcomers disrupted relations with service companies that had built software solutions and sold equipment programmed using proprietary coding. Increasingly user-friendly tools for visualizing and analyzing data, plus the ability for smaller companies to buy data capacity, allowed engineers to do more and allowed midsized companies to act like big ones. “There has been a shift now; the independents have access to the same tech as the big guys,” Summers said.

Abstract Familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies (FPDMM) is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by germline RUNX1 mutations. FPDMM patients have defective megakaryocytic development, low platelet counts, prolonged bleeding times, and a life-long risk (20-50%) of developing hematological malignancies. FPDMM is a rare genetic disease in need of comprehensive clinical and genomic studies. In early 2019 we launched a longitudinal natural history study of patients with FPDMM at the NIH Clinical Center and by May 2021 we have enrolled 98 patients and 100 family controls from 55 unrelated families. Genomic data have been generated from 56 patients in 24 families, including whole exome sequencing (WES), RNA-seq, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. We have identified 21 different germline RUNX1 variants among these 24 families, which include lost-of-function mutations throughout the RUNX1 gene, but pathogenic/likely pathogenic missense mutations are mostly clustered in the runt-homology domain (RHD). As an important form of RUNX1 germline mutations, five splice site variants located between exon 4-5 and exon 5-6 were identified in 6 families, which led to the productions of novel transcript forms that are predicted to generate truncated RUNX1 proteins. Large deletions affecting the RUNX1 gene are also common, ranging from 50 Kb to 1.5Mb, which were detected in 8 of the 55 enrolled families. Besides RUNX1, copy number variation (CNV) analysis from both SNP array and WES showed limited CNV events in non-malignant FPDMM patients. In addition, fusion gene analysis did not detect any in-frame fusion gene in these patients, indicating a relatively stable chromosome status in FPDMM patients. Somatic mutation landscape shows that the overall mutation burden in non-malignant FPDMM patients is lower than AML or other cancer types. However, in 13 of the 44 non-malignant patients (30%), somatic mutations were detected in at least one of the reported clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) genes, significantly higher than the general population (4.3%). Moreover, 85% of our patients who carried CHIP mutations are under 65 years of age; in the general population, only 10% of people above 65 years of age and 1% of people under 50 were reported to carry CHIP mutations. Among mutated genes related to clonal hematopoiesis, BCOR is the most frequently mutated gene (5/44) in our FPDMM cohort, which is not a common CHIP gene among the general population. Mutations in known CHIP genes including SF3B1, TET2, and DNMT3A were also found in more than one patient. In addition, sequencing of 5 patients who already developed myeloid malignancies detected somatic mutations in BCOR, TET2, NRAS, KRAS, CTCF, KMT2D, PHF6, and SUZ12. Besides reported CHIP genes or leukemia driver genes, 3 unrelated patients carried somatic mutations in the NFE2 gene, which is essential for regulating erythroid and megakaryocytic maturation and differentiation. Two of the NFE2 mutations are nonsense mutations, and the other is a missense mutation in the important functional domain. NFE2 somatic mutations may play important roles in developing malignancy because 2 of the 3 patients already developed myeloid malignancies. For multiple patients in our cohort, we have sequenced their DNA on multiple timepoints. We have observed patients with expanding clones carrying FKBP8, BCOR or FOXP1 mutations. We have also observed a patient with relatively stable clone(s) with somatic BCOR, DNMT3A, and RUNX1T1, who have been sampled over more than four years. We will follow these somatic mutations through sequencing longitudinally and correlate the findings with clinical observations to see if the dynamic changes of CHIP clones harboring the mutations give rise to MDS or leukemia. In summary, the genomic analysis of our new natural history study demonstrated diverse types of germline RUNX1 mutations and high frequency of somatic mutations related to clonal hematopoiesis in FPDMM patients. These findings indicate that monitoring the dynamic changes of these CHIP mutations prospectively will benefit patients' clinical management and help us understand possible mechanisms for the progression from FPDMM to myeloid malignancies. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Relevance: Methemoglobinemia is a serious disease characterized by impaired oxygen binding to iron in hemoglobin, followed by impaired oxygen delivery to body tissues. Various drugs, including antacids containing benzocaine, can cause acquired methemoglobinemia. The preАНДАТПА ҚАТЕРЛІ ІСІКПЕН АУЫРАТЫН НАУҚАСТАРДАҒЫ МЕТЕМОГЛОБИНЕМИЯНЫҢ СИРЕК КЕЗДЕСЕТІН ЖАҒДАЙЛАРЫ: КЛИНИКАЛЫҚ ЖАҒДАЙЛАР А.А. Абилдаева1 , Б.Б. Алиева1 , А.А. Арынов1 , Б.Т. Онгарбаев1 , Г.Б. Раев1 , С.Н. Мадалиев1 1 «Қазақ онкология және радиология ғылыми-зерттеу институты» АҚ, Алматы, Қазахстан Республикасы Өзектілігі: Метемоглобинемия – гемоглобиндегі оттегінің темірмен байланысуының бұзылуымен, одан кейін дене тіндеріне оттегінің жеткізілуінің бұзылуымен сипатталатын ауыр ауру. Әртүрлі препараттар, соның ішінде бензокаин бар антацидтер жүре пайда болған метгемоглобинемияны тудыруы мүмкін. Ұсынылған клиникалық жағдайлар жұтқыншақ ісігімен ауыратын, көмейге операция жасалған 32 жастағы әйелде және сол бүйректің қатерлі ісігімен диагнозы қойылған 45 жастағы әйелде cол бүйрек резекциясынан кейінгі Алмагель А антацидті препаратын қолданумен байланысты метгемоглобинемияны сипаттайды. Зерттеудің мақсаты: Ісікке қарсы терапиядан кейін ас қорыту жүйесінің аурулары бар қатерлі ісікпен ауыратын науқастарды емдеуде кеңінен қолданылатын Алмагель А (антацид) дәрілік заттан кейін туындаған жүре пайда болған метгемоглобинемияның клиникалық жағдайын сипаттау. Әдістері: Біз «Қазақ онкология және радиология ғылыми-зерттеу институты» АҚ ауруханасына жатқызылған науқастарда (32 және 45 жаста) метгемоглобинемияның клиникалық жағдайын ұсынамыз. Шағымдар, ауру анамнезі, клиникалық көрінісі, клиникалық, зертханалық және аспаптық зерттеу әдістерінің нәтижелері ретроспективті түрде талданды. Нәтижелері: Бұл мақалада науқастарымыздың клиникалық көрінісі туралы баяндалады, ықтимал уланудың себептері мен механизмдері талқыланады және метгемоглобинемияны емдеуге арналған соңғы ұсыныстар қарастырылады. Көктамырішілік метилен көкпен емдеу науқастың тыныс алу жағдайының жылдам жақсаруына әкелді. Қорытынды: Жүре пайда болған метгемоглобинемия – бұл көбінесе өлімге әкелуі мүмкін белгілі бір препараттармен және қосылыстармен уланудан туындайтын өткір жағдай. Бұл клиникалық жағдайлар метгемоглобинемияны диагностикалаудың қиындықтарын көрсетеді, анамнестикалық мәліметтерді алудың, қышқылдық-негіздік күйді және қан газдарын зерттеудің маңыздылығын, сонымен қатар емдеуде метилен көкін антидот ретінде қолданудың тиімділігін көрсетеді. Түйінді сөздер: Метгемоглобинемия, метилен көк, гипоксия, цианоз, акроцианоз. могут предрасполагать к развитию почечной недостаточности вследствие гипероксалурии [4]. Заключение: Приобретенная метгемоглобинемия, представляет собой острое состояние, которое чаще всего является результатом отравления некоторыми лекарствами и соединениями, которое может привести к летальному исходу. Возможно, описанные случаи были уникальны тем, что у обоих пациентов наблюдались характерные симптомы, такие как тахикардия, тахипноэ и гипоксемия, без других общих проявлений. Единственным клиническим симптомом, о котором сообщили оба пациента, была общая усталость. Тем не менее, измерение PаО2 , SpО2 , и концентрации MetHB указывали на то, что оба пациента страдали метгемоглобинемией, вызванной бензокаином, который входит в состав Алмагеля А. Многие пациенты и практикующие врачи предполагают, что безрецептурные лекарственные средства (Алмагель А) не представляют риска. Представленные клинические случаи приобретенной метгемоглобинемии у онкологических пациентов показывают, что на фоне противоопухолевого лечения применение антацидного препарата Алмагеля А длительного времени без врачебного контроля приводит к серьезным осложнениям. Данные клинические случаи демонстрируют сложности диагностики метгемоглобинемии, подчеркивают ценность сбора анамнестических данных, исследования кислотно-основного состояния и газов крови, а также эффективность использования метиленового синего в качестве антидотного препарата при лечении метгемоглобинемии. Список использованных источников: 1. Iolascon A., Bianchi P., Andolfo I., Russo R., Barcellini W., Fermo E., Toldi G., Ghirardello S., Rees D., Van Wijk R., Kattamis A., Gallagher P.G., Roy N., Taher A., Mohty R., Kulozik A., De Franceschi L., Gambale A., De Montalembert M., Luca Forni G., Harteveld C.L., Prchal J. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of methemoglobinemia // Am. J. Hematol. – 2021. – Vol. 2021 – P. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.26340 2. Nappe T.M., Pacelli A.M., Katz K. An atypical case of methemoglobinemia due to self-administered Benzocaine // Case Rep. Emerg. Med. – 2015. – Vol. 2015. – P. 1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/670979 3. Sewell C.R., Rivey M.P. A case report of Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia // J. Pharm. Pract. – 2018. – Vol. 31(5). – P. 507-509. https://doi.org/10.1177/0897190017723211 4. Емельянова Э.А., Асекритова А.С., Моякунов Д.А. Метгемоглобинемия, индуцированная алмагелем А // Соврем. Пробл. Науки и Образ. – 2021. – №6 [Emel’janova Je.A., Asekritova A.S., Mojakunov D.A. Metgemoglobinemija, inducirovannaja almagelem A // Sovrem. Probl. Nauki i Obraz. – 2021. – №6 (in Russ.)] https://doi. org/10.17513/spno.31340 5. Ivek I., Knotek T., Ivicic T., Rubinic B.,Bajlo P.,Hamzic J. Methemoglobinemia – a case report and literature review // Acta Clin. Croat. – 2022. – Vol. 61. – P. 93-98. https://doi.org/10.20471/acc.2022.61.s1.16 КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ Онкология и Радиология Казахстана, №3 (69) 2023 21 Прозрачность исследования: Авторы несут полную ответственность за содержание данной статьи. Конфликт интересов: Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Финансирование: Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансирования исследования. Вклад авторов: вклад в концепцию – Абилдаева А.А., Арынов А.А., Алиева Б.Б., Онгарбаев Б.Т., Раев Г.Б., Мадалиев С.Н.; научный дизайн – Арынов А.А., Онгарбаев Б.Т.; исполнение заявленного научного исследования – Абилдаева А.А., Алиева Б.Б., Раев Г.Б., Мадалиев С.Н.; интерпретация заявленного научного исследования – Абилдаева А.А., Арынов А.А., Алиева Б.Б., Раев Г.Б., Мадалиев С.Н.; создание научной статьи – Абилдаева А.А., Арынов А.А., Алиева Б.Б., Раев Г.Б., Мадалиев С.Н. Сведения об авторах: Абилдаева А.А. (корреспондирующий автор) – врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог, АО «КазНИИОиР», Алматы, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77784544981, e-mail: dr_abildaeva@mail.ru, ORCID ID: 70009-0009-5869-2306; Арынов А.А. – заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии, АО «КазНИИОиР», Алматы, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77016183307, e-mail: ardak1988@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0379-5411; Алиева Б.Б. – врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог, АО «КазНИИОиР», Алматы, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77082027799, e-mail: Balgerim-8289@mail.ru, ORCID ID: 0009-0000-4945-1345; Онгарбаев Б.Т. – заместитель Председателя Правления по клинической работе, АО «КазНИИОиР», Алматы, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77017454033, e-mail: bakitzhanong@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9695-5634; Раев Г.Б. – врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог, АО «КазНИИОиР», Алматы, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77014865536, e-mail: raevg1970@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0009-0000-7012-0129; Мадалиев С.Н. – врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог, АО «КазНИИОиР», Алматы, Республика Казахстан, тел. +77785673166, e-mail: Sabit.87@mail.ru, ORCID ID: 0009-0002-1844-5596. Адрес для корреспонденции: Абилдаева А.А., 050022, проспект Абая 91, Алматы, Республика Казахстан. sented clinical cases describe methemoglobinemia that arose in connection with the use of the antacid Almagel A in a 32-year-old woman who underwent surgery on the laryngopharynx, suffering from T3NxM0 St III hypopharyngeal cancer and in a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with cancer of the left kidney St I. Condition after resection of the left kidneys. The study aimed to describe a clinical case of acquired methemoglobinemia induced by Almagel A (antacid), widely used in post-antitumor therapy treatment of cancer patients with digestive system diseases. Methods: We present a clinical case of methemoglobinemia in patients (32 and 45 years old) hospitalized at JSC “Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology.” Complaints, anamnesis of the disease, clinical picture, and clinical, laboratory, and instrumental test results were analyzed retrospectively. Results: This article reports on the clinical picture of our patients, discusses the causes and mechanisms of possible poisoning, and reviews the latest recommendations for the treatment of methemoglobinemia. Treatment with intravenous methylene blue led to a rapid improvement in the patient’s respiratory status. Conclusion: Acquired methemoglobinemia is an acute condition that most often results from poisoning with certain drugs and compounds, which can be fatal. These clinical cases demonstrate the difficulties of diagnosing methemoglobinemia, highlight the value of taking anamnestic data, studying the acid-base state and blood gases, and the effectiveness of using methylene blue as an antidote drug in treatment.

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AbstractThe lack of electron donors in oxygen-rich aquatic environments limits the ability of natural denitrification to remove excess nitrate, leading to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. Herein, we demonstrate that electron-rich substances in river or lake sediments could participate in long-distance electron rebalancing to reduce nitrate in the overlying water. A microstructure containing Dechloromonas and consisting of an inner layer of green rust and an outer layer of lepidocrocite forms in the sediment-water system through synergetic evolution and self-assembly. The microstructure enables long-distance electron transfer from the sediment to dilute nitrate in the overlying water. Specifically, the inner green rust adsorbs nitrate and reduces the kinetic barrier for denitrification via an Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox mediator. Our study reveals the mechanism of spontaneous electron transfer between distant and dilute electron donors and acceptors to achieve denitrification in electron-deficient aquatic systems.