Статті в журналах: "Rural relationship"

1

SHIMIZU, Natsuki. "Relationship between Rural Development and Livelihood regarding Rural Tourism." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 38, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.38.33.

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Alves, Helena, Ana María Campón-Cerro, and José Manuel Hernández-Mogollón. "Enhancing rural destinations’ loyalty through relationship quality." Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC 23, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sjme-09-2018-0041.

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Purpose The literature on the factors generating loyalty towards tourism destinations has seldom focussed its attention on relationship marketing, which has left a gap in the understanding of destination loyalty. This paper aims to examine the influence of relationship quality on rural destination loyalty, approaching this through the variables of trust, attachment and satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach This study used a quantitative methodology based on an on line survey conducted in Spain. The sample consisted of 464 tourists who participate in rural tourism. The analysis of the proposed model was carried out based on the partial least squares method. Findings The results confirm that the model has a substantial to moderate explanatory capacity for overall satisfaction and loyalty, in which overall satisfaction acts as a mediator between the variables that make up relationship quality in reference to loyalty. Research limitations/implications The main limitations of this research arise from the scarcity of works which aim to understand relationship quality in tourism destinations. To broaden results, it should be applied in other tourism destinations, products, services and experiences. Practical implications Destination managers should give relationships a special role in their tourism development programmes in rural tourism contexts. Social implications Rural tourism destinations and companies are generally small-sized organisations that need managerial tools. These can benefit from developing sustainable relationships. Originality/value The significant role played by relationship quality regarding destination loyalty is studied in detail in this model.

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Wang, Yuxin, Qing Liu, Yanrui Wu, and Huaqing Wu. "Can relationship bring more provision in rural public goods? Empirical evidence from rural China." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-07-2016-0098.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how different types of the village relationship influence different types of public goods provision in rural China. Design/methodology/approach The three components (clan-based relationship, neighborhood relationship and external relationship) were derived by employing factor analysis. The simultaneous discrete choice model was used to estimate the influence of these components on public goods provision, using the survey data from the China Household Income Project conducted in 2007. Findings The findings indicate that considering different components of village relationship allows for a better understanding of the public good provision. The results indicate that the neighborhood relationship has a significantly positive effect on rural public goods provision, particularly on water conservancy and irrigation, while the external relationship has a significantly positive effect on all types of public goods. Practical implications Local public goods provision is the core of the new rural construction in China. These findings imply that relationship in villages plays a vital role in the provision of public goods and is necessary in the construction of the new harmonious countryside in China. The results also have implications for rural public goods provision in other developing countries. Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to quantitatively model the impact of different relationships on public goods provision at the rural level. A consideration of the different components in village relationship allows for a more precise understanding of the pubic goods provision in the village.

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4

Karim, Dara Majeed. "The Relationship Rural Development and Crimes." International journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research 3, no. 1 (2019): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.3.1.4.

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5

Deller, Steven, and Brian Whitacre. "Broadband's relationship to rural housing values." Papers in Regional Science 98, no. 5 (July 6, 2019): 2135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12450.

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6

ZHANG, Bosheng, and Zisheng YANG. "Coupling relationship between urban-rural coordinated development and rural poverty governance." 资源科学 42, no. 7 (2020): 1384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18402/resci.2020.07.14.

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7

Zhang, Zhenghe, and Yawen Lu. "China’s urban-rural relationship: evolution and prospects." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-02-2018-0038.

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Purpose In the 69 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially the 40 years since the reform and opening-up, the relationship between urban and rural areas has undergone profound change. When the deepening reform of the urban-rural relationship is entering a critical period, it is necessary to reassess the evolution of the urban-rural relationship in China and draw a picture for that relationship in the future. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper combs the policies on the urban and rural development since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and analyzes macro data on the industries, population, personal income, and other aspects. Findings The study found that this urbanism affects individuals’ lives and the choices of society through the will of the state, and then provides feedback at the whole level of social values. Originality/value This paper divides the evolution of China’s urban-rural relationship into two major stages – nurturing cities with rural areas and leading rural areas with cities, which are then subdivided into five periods. The features of the relationship between the urban and rural areas in different periods are analyzed, and the future development of urban-rural relations is also considered.

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8

Wang, Dong Qiang, and Shu Qin Tian. "Rural Ecology Governance Ability Modernization Study under the Background of Balancing Urban and Rural Development." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2568.

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In the process of current market economic development, we must play the role of government in the rural environmental protection, correctly handle the relationship between government and market and rely on the ability of rual ecology governance to solve the plight of the rural ecology environment fundamentally. Based on domestic and foreign review of the research in this paper, the paper pointed out the plight of rual ecology governance from the perspective of governance concept, governance system, governance power and responsibility and put forward a series of suggestions,such as: improving target cohesion ability, innovating rural ecology development model; improving contingency ability to perfect the rural ecology system constraints; improving rual resource integration ability to perfect the investment system of rural ecology construction funds; improving the rural ecology control ability to perfect countermeasures of rural ecology governance system.

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9

Budiarto, Tri, Ernan Rustiadi, and Arya Hadi Dharmawan. "THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND RURAL SELF-SUFFIENCY IN BOGOR DISTRICT, WEST JAVA PROVINCE." TATALOKA 19, no. 3 (August 29, 2017): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.19.3.230-241.

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This study aimed at map rural typologies based on the status of development and self-sufficiency of the rurals. Status of rural development was built with 11 indicators and status self-sufficient was built with six indicators. The study used secondary data from BPS, wich was PODES 2014 in 434 villages at Bogor district. Primary data was used to support the analysis results with field observations taken at four village representatives typology. The results showed that 187 villages were categorized as developed rurals and 247 villages as undeveloped rurals. Based on self-sufficient status, there were 78 villages categorized as self-sufficient rurals and 356 villages as unself-sufficient rurals. Based on the status of development and self-sufficient, three villages were categorized as typology I (developed and self-suffient rurals), 184 villages were typology II (developed and unself-suffient rurals), 172 villages were typology III (undeveloped and unself-sufficient rurals), and 75 villages were typology IV (undeveloped and self-sufficient rurals). Spearman correlation value was -0.371, there was an inverse relationship between the development status and self-sufficiency status of the rural

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10

Begidova, Tamara P., and Natalya A. Budanova. "Formation of tolerance among rural youth to persons with disabilities based on Olympic values (on the example of the Special Olympics movement)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 6 (2022): 1545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-6-1545-1551.

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The difficulties that arise in the formation of tolerant relationships among the rural youth and people with disabilities on the basis of the municipality of the village of Ermolovka and the House of Culture of the Liskinsky district of the Voronezh region are analyzed. The purpose of the study: the formation of respectful relationships between the rural youth, namely to persons with disabilities and the identification of effective forms of work by means of physical culture and sports with the use of Olympic values. Research objectives: 1) provide information to the younger generation of the village about Olympic values, adaptive sports and the movement of the Special Olympics; 2) identify highly effective means, forms and methods of tolerant relationship of young rurals to people with disabilities using Olympic values; 3) to develop and experimentally substantiate the method of applying various organizational and methodical ways and methods to increase the level of knowledge on Olympic education of the younger generation, their respectful attitude to persons with disabilities and involvement in the field of physical culture and sports. The study revealed that as a result of the purposeful use of Olympic education funds, the level of tolerant relationship between young rurals and people with disabilities has increased, and there has also been a big jump in the interest of the rural young generation in physical education and a healthy lifestyle.

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11

MINAMI, Yuko. "State-Society Relationship in Contemporary Rural China." Journal of Rural Studies(1994) 2, no. 1 (1995): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9747/jrs.2.1_20.

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12

Luo, Xuan, Zhaomin Tong, Yifan Xie, Rui An, Zhaochen Yang, and Yanfang Liu. "Land Use Change under Population Migration and Its Implications for Human–Land Relationship." Land 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060934.

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With the rural-to-urban population migration under the new era of rapid urbanization, China has experienced dramatic rural land change, especially the change in cultivated land and rural residential land, resulting in the serious uncoordinated human–land relationships in rural areas. The efficient use of these two kinds of land resources becomes one of the paramount challenges for governments to achieve sustainable and balanced rural development. This challenge highlights the need for quantifying the formation mechanism of the relationship between cultivated land and rural residential land (RCR) and exploring the corresponding relation between human–land relationships with RCR to guide the high-efficiency rural land use structure and coordinated development of human–land relationships. This study aims to quantitatively characterize the matching modes of RCR and the underlying formation mechanism via a grid-based, integrated decoupling model and multiclass explainable boosting machine analysis method. The findings are as follows: (1) The variation in cultivated land and rural residential land is characterized by quantity match and spatial mismatch. The six matching modes of RCR are strong decoupling (SD) (33.36%), weak decoupling (9.86%), recessive decoupling (4.15%), expansive negative decoupling (15.05%), weak negative decoupling (4.92%), and strong negative decoupling (SND) (18.65%). (2) Average grain product per cultivated land and population variation have the highest relative importance and play the greatest role in determining the type of matching modes. A concomitant phenomenon is noted in the matching modes; that is, SD occurs with recessive decoupling and weak negative decoupling, and the weak decoupling and expansive negative decoupling occur with SND in the same conditions. (3) A significant corresponding relationship exists between the matching modes and human–land relationship, indicating that the six matching modes correspond to four different stages of the human–land relationship. The study could provide some decision-making guidance for sustainable rural development, so as to improve the differentiated land management and regional response strategies.

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13

陈, 湘满. "Study on the Relationship between Learning Rural Community Construction and Rural Revitalization." Advances in Social Sciences 10, no. 02 (2021): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2021.102053.

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14

Aguilar, Rosa, and María Gómez. "Care as an expression of the nurse – rural family relationship." SCIÉNDO 22, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sciendo.2019.039.

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15

Soseco, Thomas. "The Relationship between of Rural Accessibility and Development." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan 8, no. 2 (November 2, 2016): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um002v8i22016p131.

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16

Soseco, Thomas. "The Relationship between of Rural Accessibility and Development." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Studi Pembangunan 8, no. 2 (November 5, 2016): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um002v8i22016p31.

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17

NAKAMICHI, Hiroshi. "The Good Relationship between Urban and Rural Areas." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 22, no. 2 (2003): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.22.87.

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18

Sharma, Subhash. "Dialectics of Rural-Urban Relationship: A Sociological Analysis." Indian Journal of Public Administration 50, no. 2 (April 2004): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120040208.

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19

Sunardi, Sunardi, Regan Leonardus Kaswanto, and Sofyan Sjaf. "Relationship between Plant Biodiversity and Carbon Stock in Rural Area of Cisadane Watershed." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 18, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.18.3.610-616.

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The main activities in the rural landscape are agriculture, involved natural resources management that compose the function of area as settlement, government services, social services and economy activities. These activities affected the rural landscape that changed plant diversities as well as carbon stock. The aim of this research was to evaluate biodiversity and carbon stock in the rural area of Cisadane Watershed. Two villages were defined on a purposive random sampling, i.e. Sukadamai and Bantarsari. The sampling plots were selected based on main land use type with size for tree was 20 m × 20 m, polewas 10 m x 10 m, sapling was 5 m x 5 m and seedling was 2 m x 2 m; with 3 replications. Similarly, other concentric plots were established. The number of plant species were counted, diameterat breast height (DBH) and height were measured. Then, carbon stock, plant diversity and the relationship was developed. The results showed that main land use in Sukadamai and Bantarsari Village consisted of settlement area, farmland, mixed farming and palm oil plantation. There were 106 species from 43 families that classified into 9 horizontal diversity based on function and 5 vertical diversity based on height. The values of Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) ranged 2.78–3.20. Estimated carbon stocks were 1.16–51.40 Mg ha−1 in research areas, respectively. These research concluded there was a negative correlation between species richness and diversity index with carbon stock in the village landscapes.

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20

Nie, Ganghui, Shengquan Li, and Shu Fang. "Interactive relationship between population aging, agricultural technology innovation and rural industrial upgrading." International Journal of Population Studies 7, no. 2 (May 10, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v7i2.1347.

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Population aging is one of the challenges facing China’s rural industrial upgrading. Rural industrial upgrading is the basis of rural industrial revitalization strategy, and agricultural technological innovation is the core of rural industrial upgrading. Clarifying the relationship between population aging, agricultural technology innovation and rural industrial upgrading can provide a practical basis for the government to formulate a practical and effective Rural Revitalization Strategy. Based on China’s time series data from 1997 to 2018, an autoregressive model is constructed to test the interactive relationship between China’s population aging, agricultural technology innovation and rural industrial upgrading. The results show that population aging and agricultural technology innovation will promote the upgrading of rural industries. Although in the short term, the intensification of population aging will have an adverse impact on rural industrial upgrading and agricultural technology innovation; However, in the long run, the aging population has significantly promoted the level of agricultural technology innovation and had a positive impact on the upgrading of rural industries. Based on this conclusion, three policy suggestions are given to guide the reemployment of the elderly, advocate the correct consumption view of the elderly and pay attention to agricultural technology innovation.

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21

Moore, J., A. Seixas, G. Casimir, J. Nunes, F. Matadiaby, A. Khosrof, and G. Jean-Louis. "1114 Urbanicity And The Sleep-mental Health Relationship." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A423—A424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1109.

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Abstract Introduction Inadequate sleep has been found to be associated with poor mental health. This is especially true in low-income and minority populations, who are concentrated in cities. It is not understood to what degree living in a city vs. a rural environment affects sleep and resulting mental health outcomes. This study seeks to understand how living in an urban environment affects the relationship between inadequate sleep and mental health. Methods The study used data from the 2018 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS,) a nationwide health dataset collected by telephone. Respondents were classified as living in either an urban or rural environment based on their zip code. Respondents reported hours of sleep per night and mental health status. This study classified mental health status based on whether the respondent reported one or more incidences of poor mental health in the previous 30 days. Results After filtration, 348,540 respondents were split into urban and rural groups. Binary logistic regression was run in each group to compare how much living in an urban environment contributed to the relationship between sleep duration and mental health. Sleep in the analysis was found to significantly contribute to both models; urban X2(15, N=295,796) = 11,485.70, p <0.001 rural X2(15, N=52,744) = 2,465.64, p <0.001. The estimated odds ratio resulted in a decrease of 13.9% [Exp(B) = 0.861] in reported poor mental health for every unit increase of sleep in the urban population, and decrease of 14.9% [Exp(B) = 0.851] in the rural population. Conclusion In urban and rural dwellers, sleep duration predicted poor mental health. Contrary to expectations, sleep was more strongly tied to mental health in rural than urban populations. This was true even after controlling for sex, income, and education level. Further research should seek to understand how environment affects sleep and mental health. Support This study was supported by funding from the NIH: R01MD007716, R01HL142066, R01AG056531, K01HL135452, and K07AG052685.

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22

Lu, Nan, Shicun Xu, and Jingyue Zhang. "Community Social Capital, Family Social Capital, and Self-Rated Health among Older Rural Chinese Adults: Empirical Evidence from Rural Northeastern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115516.

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This study investigated the relationships among community social capital, family social capital, and self-rated health of older adults in rural China. Data came from a community survey in Jilin Province, China, in 2019. Using a quota sampling method, 458 respondents aged 60 years or older were recruited. Two-step structural equation modeling was adopted to examine the proposed hypotheses. The relationships between community-based structural social capital, family social capital and self-rated health were statistically significant, whereas the relationship between community-based cognitive social capital and self-rated health was statistically nonsignificant. In order to enhance healthy aging, social capital policies and interventions should be developed to promote not only family social capital indicators (e.g., quality of family relationship and support) but also older adults’ structural social capital indicators (e.g., social participation and volunteering) in rural Chinese contexts.

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Byrne, Kaileigh, Reza Ghaiumy Anaraky, Hannah Barfield, and Summerlin Nickel. "Understanding Racial and Rural Disparities in the Relationship between Social Isolation and Social Technology Use." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 925–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3351.

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Abstract Social isolation is characterized by lack of social contacts and high degrees of loneliness. Feelings of loneliness and social isolation are linked to declines in cognitive functioning and increased risk of dementia. Previous research suggests that loneliness is more prevalent among Black and rural older adults compared to White and urban-dwelling older adults. Given these disparities, it is important to identify methods that reduce social isolation and loneliness among this population. Social technology, such as Facebook and Skype, is one possible way to connect with others. This study uses the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) dataset to examine racial and rural disparities in the relationship between social technology use and social isolation, loneliness, and social support among individuals age 50 and older. The overarching hypotheses are that (1) rural-dwelling older adults and older Blacks will report less social technology use compared to urban-dwelling and older White adults, and (2) there will be a negative relationship between loneliness and social technology use, and (3) a positive relationship between perceived positive social support and social technology use. Racial or rural disparities in these latter potential relationships are exploratory. Multiple linear regression analysis will be performed to assess these relationships. Preliminary correlational results indicate that, consistent with prior work, greater use of social technology was associated with higher social support (N=6,029; r=.29, p<.001). However, contrary to our hypothesis, greater self-reported loneliness was associated with greater social technology (r=.09, p<.001). Examination of potential racial and rural disparities in these relationships are currently underway.

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Albertus, Michael, Thomas Brambor, and Ricardo Ceneviva. "Land Inequality and Rural Unrest." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 3 (July 12, 2016): 557–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002716654970.

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What is the relationship between landholding inequality and rural unrest? And why does land reform that ostensibly addresses rural grievances sometimes exacerbate unrest? We advance the understanding of these longstanding questions by shifting the emphasis from how landholding inequality fuels rural grievances to how it captures the collective action capacity of landowners. Using municipal-level data from Brazil’s large land reform program from 1988 to 2013, we demonstrate that the relationship between landholding inequality and unrest is conditional. Isolated threats to landed elites in the form of land invasions are difficult to repel, generating a positive relationship between landholding inequality and one-off land invasions. By contrast, sustained, broader local threats triggered by nearby land reforms catalyze landowner organization to repel land invasions, leading to the reverse relationship. The findings provide a novel answer for why a straightforward link between land inequality and rural unrest is elusive and may generalize to a broad range of similar cases.

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Liu, Wenxin, Minjuan Zhao, Yu Cai, Rui Wang, and Weinan Lu. "Synergetic Relationship between Urban and Rural Water Poverty: Evidence from Northwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (May 11, 2019): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091647.

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Combining the measurement of urban and rural areas to link water and poverty provides a new insight into the fields of water resources management and poverty alleviation. Owing to rapid urban development, water resource conflicts between urban and rural areas are gettingbecoming more intensified and more complex. This study details the application of a water poverty index (WPI) using 26 indicators to evaluate urban and rural water poverty in northwest China during the period 2000–2017. This study also analyzes temporal variations of urban and rural water poverty by the kernel density estimation (KDE). We found that the level of water poverty is gradually declining over time and the improvements in urban and rural areas are not harmonious. Additionally, it applies the synergic theory to analyze the relationships between urban and rural water poverty. The correspondence analysis between urban and rural water poverty is significant because of the synergic level results. The results show that there are four primary types in northwest China: synchronous areas, urban-priority areas, rural-priority areas, and conflict areas, and their evolution stages. The results suggest the need for location-specific policy interventions. Furthermore, we put forward corresponding countermeasures. The research findings also provide a theoretical foundation for the evaluation of urban and rural water poverty, and a regional strategy to relieve conflict between urban and rural water poverty.

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Wang, Junying, Guifeng Han, Jing You, Liang Zhu, Yafei Li, and Xiang Zhou. "Analysis of the Spatial Relationship between Ecosystem Regulation Services and Rural Tourism." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 3888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053888.

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In the context of China’s implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and establishment of a mechanism to realize the value of ecological products, rural tourism as an eco-friendly industry promotes regional social and economic development with high-quality natural and ecological conditions in rural areas and is one of the key patterns to realize regional green development. Existing studies in the field focus on the spatial relationship between rural tourism and traditional factors such as economy, population, and transportation and ignore to some extent the relationship between ecosystem services and rural tourism. However, from the perspective of distribution, rural tourism is popular mainly in areas with high ecological quality, so it can be inferred that there is a relationship between ecosystem services and rural tourism. Therefore, this paper targets the key problem—the spatial relationship between ecosystem regulation services and rural tourism, taking rural tourist spots in six districts and counties in the Wuling Mountains in southeastern Chongqing as the subjects, and using the geo-econometric analysis method and geographic detector model to analyze the spatial-driving and development-support roles of ecosystem services on rural tourism. The results show that: (1) the nearest neighbor index of the distribution of rural tourist spots in the regions of study is 0.28, showing a significant clustering trend as a whole; (2) there are obviously high-value areas among the six types of ecosystem regulation services, which are mainly distributed in forest ecosystems; (3) the driving effects of dual factors are more significant, and the combined driving effects of climate regulation and anion supply services are the most significant, with the q value of these driving effects being 0.1962; (4) from the perspective of the supply–demand relationship of industrial development, ecosystem services play an important role in supporting the development of rural tourism. Based on these results, it is proposed in this paper that, in the next step, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of ecosystem regulation services should be conducted during the special planning of rural tourism and the rational layout of industries should be guided on the premise of compliance with space-use control, as well as economical and intensive land use, to support the scientific formulation of regional rural tourism development strategies with new ideas based on basic analysis and better realize the value of ecological products and boost rural revitalization.

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Whitbeck, Les B., Dan R. Hoyt, and Kimberly A. Tyler. "Family Relationship Histories, Intergenerational Relationship Quality, and Depressive Affect Among Rural Elderly People." Journal of Applied Gerontology 20, no. 2 (June 2001): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073346480102000206.

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Admin, Admin, Zahir Osman, and Ilham Sentosa. "A study of mediating effect of trust on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty relationship in Malaysian rural tourism." European Journal of Tourism Research 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v6i2.132.

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The main purpose of this study is to develop a mediating effect understanding of trust on service customer satisfaction and customer loyalty relationship in Malaysia rural tourism. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) used to analyze the casual relationships among customer satisfaction, customer trust and customer loyalty. The model was developed and later tested by adopting the Partial Least Square (PLS) procedure on data collected from a survey that yielded 295 usable questionnaires. The findings showed that customer satisfaction enhances trust in Malaysia rural tourism. It was also revealed that trust partially mediates the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. In future more research needs to be carried out to explore the role of trust in Malaysia rural tourism industry. It is important to do the study utilizing experimental design by capturing longitudinal data in Malaysia rural tourism industry using robust measures. The findings imply that the relationship between trust and profitability may dwell in trust’s influence on customer loyalty, and that trust plays a crucial function within the Malaysia rural tourism industry. This research is one of the first known attempts to use PLS to test a mediation effect.

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Ginting, Albertino Persadanta, I. Gusti Ayu Ketut Giantari, and Ida Bagus Sudiksa. "PERAN KEUNGGULAN BERSAING DALAM MEMEDIASI CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT TERHADAP KINERJA PEMASARAN (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat se-Provinsi Bali)." E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana 9, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2020.v09.i02.p06.

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The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between customer relationship management on the marketing performance of Rural Bank of Bali province and competitive advantage as mediating variables. The variables examined in this study are customer relationship management, marketing performance and competitive advantage. The number of samples obtained was 120 marketing staff, Marketing Manager or owner of Rural Credit Bank in Bali Province. Data were collected through questionnaires. The analysis technique test using path analysis. Based on the analysis found the result that customer relationship management have a positive and significant effect on marketing performance Rural Credit Bank in Bali Province, customer relationship management have a positive and significat effect on competitive advantage of Rural Credit Bank in Bali Province, competitive advantage have a positive and significat effect on marketing performance of Rural Credit Bank in Bali Province, competitive advantage mediate effect of customer relationship management on marketing performance of Rural Credit Bank in whole of Bali Province. Keyword : Customer Relationship Management, marketing performance, competitive advantage.

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30

Grabowski, Richard. "The Relationship of State and Society: Productive or Unproductive." Journal of Developing Societies 18, no. 1 (March 2002): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x0201800102.

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The policies followed by patrimonial states generally involve playing one group against another and are inimical to long-run growth. Social cohesion or closure among rural groups (tenants, part-owners, etc.) provides a mechanism by which the governing elite are likely to find increased opportunities to behave in a developmental way. More strongly, this rural cohesion or closure often compels them to behave in a developmental manner. Such closure is most likely to result from broad based rural development resulting in the creation of extensive social networks via the operation of intermediaries. The prewar experiences of Japan and Korea with land reform are used to illustrate the argument.

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31

Qin, Zhuoping, and Xu Jin. "A Study on Rural Finance, Rural Industry Revitalization, and Rural Logistics Development: An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data from 30 Provinces in China." International Academy of Global Business and Trade 18, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.39.

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Purpose - This is a study on the influence mechanism of rural finance and rural industrial revitalization on rural logistics development from rural revitalization strategy. Design/Methodology/Approach - We use panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020. A two-way fixed-effects model is constructed and mediated effects analysis and multiple regression analysis are used to analyze the dynamic relationship between rural finance, rural industrial revitalization, and rural logistics development. The dynamic relationship was empirically analyzed using mediated effects analysis and multiple regression analysis. Findings - Rural finance has a significant positive impact on rural logistics, and rural finance effectively promotes rural logistics development; rural finance affects rural logistics development by influencing the revitalization of rural industries, indicating that the revitalization of rural industries plays a mediating effect. The impact of rural finance on rural logistics is heterogeneous in the east, central, and west. Rural industry revitalization does not play a mediating role in the central era, comparing with an obvious mediating role in the east and west. Research Implications - The revitalization of rural industries as a transmission mechanism for rural finance to promote the development of rural logistics, and we verify the rationality of this transmission mechanism through a model to fill the gaps in the existing literature, thus providing a new research perspective for rural finance to promote the development of rural logistics, and providing some theoretical guidance and policy reference.

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32

Winterton, Rachel. "DEFINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP AND HEALTHY RURAL AGING: A CRITICAL APPROACH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.063.

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Abstract Active citizenship is romanticized in policy for its role in keeping older adults healthy, and rural communities sustainable. However, as proportions of older adults resident in rural communities continue to increase, the gerontological literature has begun to highlight challenges associated with both the capacity and desire of rural older adults to be active citizens. Through an integrative review of the international literature, this paper interrogates how active citizenship trends among rural older adults support or hinder healthy aging in rural settings. Findings indicate that active citizenship among older adults can increase rural age-friendliness and facilitate individual wellbeing. However, practices associated with active citizenship among this cohort can disenfranchise certain groups of older adults, through reshaping societal norms relating to citizenship, age-friendliness and rurality. These findings indicate that programs designed to promote active citizenship must both consider, and account for, diverse capacities and desires for active citizenship among rural older adults.

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33

Chen, Liying, Meng Lyu, Hong Hu, and Yuxiang Zheng. "The Interactive Relationship between Rural Ecotourism Development and New Rural Construction under the Background of Internet." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (October 10, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8608836.

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Rural ecotourism is of great significance to the construction of new countryside, including promoting rural social progress, adjusting agricultural industrial structure, and increasing farmers’ income. Starting with the basic concepts of rural ecotourism and new rural construction, this study compares and analyzes the development background and main characteristics of rural ecotourism at home and abroad and evaluates the development of rural ecotourism based on the Internet. This study takes Shahe City in Hebei Province as an example to develop rural ecotourism in the new rural construction and analyzes its tourism development status combined with the Internet+. Combined with its development orientation and basic conditions, this study summarizes the main measures for the development of rural ecotourism in Shahe City, Hebei Province, in order to improve the effectiveness of new rural construction. The results showed that the income of Shahe tourism increased by 31.5%, and the income of outbound tourism increased by 8.9%. This shows that the new rural construction can promote the development of rural ecotourism, increase the passenger flow, and improve the per capita income. The new rural construction and rural ecotourism development complement each other.

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34

Dobson, Christina, Jennifer Deane, Sara Macdonald, Peter Murchie, Christina Ellwood, Lorraine Angell, and Greg Rubin. "Barriers to Early Presentation amongst Rural Residents Experiencing Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer: A Qualitative Interview Study." Cancers 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010274.

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Rural cancer inequalities are evident internationally, with rural cancer patients 5% less likely to survive than their urban counterparts. There is evidence to suggest that diagnostic delays prior to entry into secondary care may be contributing to these poorer rural cancer outcomes. This study explores the symptom appraisal and help-seeking decision-making of people experiencing symptoms of colorectal cancer in rural areas of England. Patients were randomly invited from 4 rural practices, serving diverse communities. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 40 people who had experienced symptoms of colorectal cancer in the preceding 8 weeks. Four key themes were identified as influential in participants’ willingness and timeliness of consultation: a desire to rule out cancer (facilitator of help-seeking); stoicism and self-reliance (barrier to help-seeking); time scarcity (barrier to help-seeking); and GP/patient relationship (barrier or facilitator, depending on perceived strength of the relationship). Self-employed, and “native” rural residents most commonly reported experiencing time scarcity and poor GP/patient relationships as a barrier to (re-)consultation. Targeted, active safety-netting approaches, and increased continuity of care, may be particularly beneficial to expedite timely diagnoses and minimise cancer inequalities for rural populations.

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35

Zhang, Shang Bing. "Study on the Relationship between New Socialist Countryside Construction and Environmental Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 1187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.1187.

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With the China's rural social and economic development, great changes in the aspect of living level have taken place. But meanwhile, in the course of economic development, a great number of environmental costs have been invested in the vast rural areas, which have restricted the development of agricultural economy. We systematically study the existing major environmental problem of rural environmental protection in the process of new socialist countryside construction. Then policy and suggestions was proposed so as to materialize the sustainable development of rural regional economy and society. It is urgent to strengthen the propaganda and education of rural environmental protection, so as to solve the problem of environmental pollution and establish a harmonious relationship between new socialist countryside construction and environmental Protection.

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36

Sun, Na, Cassandra Hua, Xiao Qiu, and J. Scott Brown. "THE INFLUENCE OF LONELINESS AND RURAL RESIDENCE ON DEPRESSION IN LATER LIFE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3051.

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Abstract Loneliness is associated with depression among older adults. Limited research has examined the role of rurality in relationship to loneliness and depression; the extant research has mixed findings. The socioemotional selectivity theory states that as people age the quality of relationships become more important than the quantity (English & Carstensen, 2016). Individuals in rural areas may have a low quantity of relationships but deeper social ties within the community; thus, they may be less likely to become depressed over time. The association between loneliness and depression may be amplified for people in non-rural areas because they are surrounded by other people but lack close relationships that are most important during the aging process. This study examines the effect of living in rural areas on loneliness on predicting baseline depression and loneliness, as well as changes in these outcomes over time. Data are from the 2006-2014 waves of Health Retirement Study. Regression models examine the relationship between depression loneliness and rural residence controlling for health conditions and demographic characteristics. Latent curve models examine the disparity in trajectories of loneliness and depressive symptoms by urban and rural residence. Older adults who feel lonely (p<.001) and in urban areas (p<.0.05) are more likely to be depressed. Furthermore, the effect of loneliness on depression is weakened by rural residence (p<.05). It is salient to understand the protective effect of rural residency on depression among older adults in the U.S. We discuss implications for policy.

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37

Truong Cong, B. "Revisiting Rural Economic Structural Transformation from the Viewpoint of Regional Linkages." Economy of Region 18, no. 2 (2022): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-1.

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Regional studies, particularly in rural areas, have attracted great attention from scholars and policy-makers. However, almost all existing literature focused on the growth of these areas while giving little consideration to converting economic activities or economic structural transformation, which plays the main role in sustainable development. Additionally, the studies about economic structural transformation mainly mention the factors, which are changes inside certain economic areas and ignore the outside effects while any geographical area also has spatial relationships. To fill this gap, this study blends the economic structure and regional linkages theories to supply a comprehensive view of the relationship between inside and outside factors that influence rural structural transformation by using systematic reviews and meta-analysis methods. The study’s findings consolidate the importance of urban areas and regional linkages, especially spatial interaction, in rural economic structural transformation. More specifically, this study shows that the motivation for structural transformation of rural areas is emanated from urban areas and is transmitted through spatial flows, which are then absorbed in rural areas. The mechanisms through which the motivation affects rural economic structure are productivity, income, and agricultural land. Based on the review, the study lists several further research questions regarding empirical research of rural economic structural transformation through the relationship between rural and urban areas.

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38

Huang, Peiwen. "Summary of Rural Credit and Rural Residents' Consumption." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 3, no. 3 (April 28, 2022): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v3i3.324.

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Rural finance can not only provide credit services for agricultural production, but also increase the rural residents circulation of funds, stimulate rural residents to invest and consumption, the total consumption of this group can effectively drive China's economic growth, and the main form of rural finance is rural credit. China's economy has entered the new normal development stage, and the economic construction has shifted from "quantity" to "quality", and China's rural residents account for a large proportion of the consumer groups, and the consumption level of rural residents is related to the overall consumption level of China. Therefore, the credit business in rural finance should be valued, and this paper tries to explore the relationship between rural credit and rural residents' consumption.

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39

Wu, Zhilong, Bo Li, Xuhuan Dai, and Ying Hou. "Coupled Relationship between Rural Livelihoods and the Environment at a Village Scale: A Case Study in the Mongolian Plateau." Land 9, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9020038.

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Rural livelihoods, which are basic human activities, have long interacted with the environment. In light of the complexity of the human–environment system, more interdisciplinary analyses from geographical, environmental, and social sciences are needed. Using qualitative and quantitative methods from social, environmental, and geographical sciences, this study conducted a geographical regionalization and a comparative analysis of rural livelihoods in different zones in the Loess Plateau to explore the relationship between rural livelihoods and the environment. The results indicated that rural livelihoods are tightly coupled with the environment on a village scale, showing significant geographical regularity and spatial disparity. A combination of geographical location, resource endowment, and environmental sanitation affects rural livelihoods in terms of spatial patterns, development capacity, and quality of life in the context of the public ownership system, the utilization policy of land resources, and limited technical conditions. Coupling the relationship between rural livelihoods and a given environment on a village scale tends to lead to one of four types of relationships: “homeostatic”, “intense”, “transferred”, or “optimized”. Accordingly, governments and policymakers need to consider that countryside revitalization must be locally tailored and implemented through the four aspects of “rights revitalization”, “labor revitalization”, “industrial revitalization”, and “environmental revitalization”.

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40

Zhao, Zijuan, Beilei Fan, Qingbo Zhou, and Shihao Xu. "Simulating the Coupling of Rural Settlement Expansion and Population Growth in Deqing, Zhejiang Province, Based on MCCA Modeling." Land 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111975.

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Analyzing the relationship between rural settlements and rural population change under different policy scenarios is key in the sustainable development of China’s urban and rural areas. We proposed a framework that comprised the mixed land use structure simulation (MCCA) model and the human–land coupling development model to assess the spatiotemporal dynamic changes in rural settlements and its’ coupling relationship with the rural population in the economically developed region of Deqing, Zhejiang Province. The results showed that rural settlements and urban land increased by 14.36 and 29.07 km2, respectively, over the last 20 years. The expansion of some rural settlements and urban land occurred at the cost of cropland occupation. Rural settlements showed an expansion trend from 2000 to 2020, increasing from 42.69 km2 in 2000 to 57.05 km2 in 2020. In 2035, under the natural development scenario, the cropland protection scenario, and the rural development scenario, rural settlements are projected to show an expansion trend and Wukang and Leidian are the key regions with rural settlement expansion. The distance to Hangzhou, nighttime light data, distance to rivers, and precipitation are important factors influencing the expansion of rural settlements. The coupling relationship between rural settlements and the rural population developed in a coordinated manner from 2000 to 2020. For 2035, under different scenarios, the coupling relationship between rural settlements and the rural population showed different trends. In the rural development scenario, the highest number of towns with coordinated development between rural settlements and the rural population is in Deqing, predominantly with Type I coupling. Overall, an important recommendation from this study is that the sustainable development of regional land use can be promoted by controlling the occupation of cropland for urban and rural construction, balancing rural settlement expansion and rural population growth, and formulating land use policies that are more suitable for rural development.

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41

Páez, Doris, and Robert Rhodes. "Psychological Services and Rural Schools: Making the Relationship Work." Rural Special Education Quarterly 17, no. 2 (June 1998): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687059801700204.

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The issues which are unique to special education and the provision of school psychological services in rural schools are briefly delineated. In addition, strategies for assisting school personnel to have more effective school psychology services are presented. These strategies are discussed within a collaborative consultation model in which the goals (i.e., primary, secondary or tertiary prevention), levels of services (i.e., community/school system, students, parents, or school personnel), and best approach (i.e., direct or indirect) of service delivery are delineated.

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42

Kohler, Julie K., Elaine A. Anderson, Linda Oravecz, and Bonnie Braun. "Relationship Constellations and Dynamics of Low-Income Rural Mothers." Affilia 19, no. 2 (May 2004): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109903262772.

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43

Schank, Janet A., and Thomas M. Skovholt. "Dual-relationship dilemmas of rural and small-community psychologists." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 28, no. 1 (1997): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.28.1.44.

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44

Song, Jianhua. "Principal-agent relationship between urban and rural infrastructure investment." Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 21, no. 4 (May 19, 2018): 929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2018.1475070.

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45

Pathman, Donald E., Eric S. Williams, and Thomas R. Konrad. "Rural Physician Satisfaction: Its Sources and Relationship to Retention." Journal of Rural Health 12, no. 5 (September 1996): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1996.tb00804.x.

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46

Reimer, Bill, and Matthew Brett. "Scientific Knowledge and Rural Policy: A Long-distant Relationship." Sociologia Ruralis 53, no. 3 (July 2013): 272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soru.12014.

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47

Goldberg-Lillehoj, Catherine J., Richard Spoth, and Linda Trudeau. "Assertiveness Among Young Rural Adolescents: Relationship to Alcohol Use." Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 14, no. 3 (March 9, 2005): 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j029v14n03_03.

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48

Liu, Jieyu. "Intimacy and Intergenerational Relations in Rural China." Sociology 51, no. 5 (April 27, 2016): 1034–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038516639505.

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This article applies the concept of intimacy to examine relationships between adult children and their parents in rural China – an area which has been predominantly located in an obligatory framework. I reveal a qualitative difference in support between relationships built on intimate ties and those bound by duty and obligation. A unilateral emphasis on obligation-based relationships can deprive both the parent and adult child generations of agency and autonomy, which can be disempowering for both. The complex relations between intimacy and obligation are the product of local socio-economic circumstances and gender norms. Although traditional patrilineal and patrilocal culture excludes married daughters from the filial discourse surrounding their own parents, they are often considered to have the most intimate relationship with their parents. Paradoxically, the practices of intimacy between aged parents and their married daughters strengthen the natal ties that facilitate modifications to patrilocal and patrilineal customs.

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Jinpeng, Jiao. "Empirical analysis of the relationship between development of rural financial system and rural economic growth." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp-v9-n3-464-471.

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50

Li, Chunmei, and Guiting Zhao. "Research on the Relationship between Level of Rural Human Capital and Urban-Rural Income Gap." International Journal of u- and e-Service, Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2014.7.2.22.

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