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Статті в журналах з теми "Rural political profession"
1
Mahmud, Md Sultan. "Political Attitudes of Rural People towards the Political System of Bangladesh: A Study on Rajshahi District." International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 10, no. 1 (October 11, 2023): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol10iss1pp54-67.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Without assessing the attitudes of rural people, it is quite impossible to evaluate the existing politics of a country. An attempt is made in this study to explore the perceptions and attitudes of the rural people over the existing politics of Bangladesh. The research has been conducted in some selected villages of Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. A convenient sample of 225 respondents was collected from some selected villages with equal representation of both and a well-structured questionnaire was administered using a face-to-face data collection technique. Respondents have been taken from various categories i.e. age, profession, educational qualification. Random sampling method has been used to select the respondents of this research. In this research, it is found that there are many conscious people in rural area who admit that the existing politics of Bangladesh has been suffering from remarkable shortcomings. It is recommended in the study that the attitude of political parties should be improved so that the political environment of Bangladesh can be more participatory, positive and constructive.
2
Gupta, Priyanshu, and Manish Thakur. "The Changing Rural-agrarian Dominance: A Conceptual Excursus." Sociological Bulletin 66, no. 1 (April 2017): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022916687062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on a review of extant literature, this article entreats for thorough-going empirical investigation of rural-agrarian dominance in the context of the fundamental transformation of the ‘village’ from the spatial habitat of the traditionally ‘dominant’ to the ‘waiting room’ for the aspiring and the despairing. 1 Against the backdrop of the cultural devaluation of agriculture as an unrewarding profession and the village as the dark underbelly of a shining India, it underlines the need to revisit the conventional political economy models of rural-agrarian dominance. We argue that the triad of caste, land and political power does not exhaust the emergent constituents of rural-agrarian dominance. The aspirational surge towards middle-classisation, even among the village dominants, has unleashed forces and processes whose ramifications have to be meticulously thought through. The three-class dominant social coalition model prevalent in the political economy literature largely fails to take into account the inherent dynamism of the village dominants and their deep-seated propensity for middle-classisation.
3
Kerekes, Kinga, and Bernadett Pakucs. "Occupational Choices of Romanian Rural Youth." Eastern European Countryside 19, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eec-2013-0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper tries to identify the main factors influencing the decisions related to occupational choices of rural youth from Cluj County, Romania, thus contributing to a better understanding of the problems and opportunities of Romanian rural communities. In order to achieve this, the results of two surveys are compared: the first one was carried out in 2007 and the second in 2011. The two surveys adopted the same methodology, thus allowing us to test the stability of the outcomes over a period of four years and highlight the main changes occurring in that period. In 2011 information was collected also regarding the current situation of young people belonging to the first generation, thus the cross-sectional analysis has been completed with a longitudinal analysis. Results show that the educational choices of rural youth from Cluj County were not essentially modified in the period 2007-2011, but there is a growing uncertainty regarding their future profession. Most of them want to work in the services sector, the preference for agriculture remaining low and there is a clear and persistent gender division among chosen professions. The main factors identified as having an influence on continuing education are: gender (more girls opting for continuing education than boys), school results and parents’ attitude towards education. Based on the conclusions of the analysis, some policy implications are also discussed.
4
Twikirize, Janestic, and Helmut Spitzer. "Community Counts: Rural Social Work in East Africa." World 3, no. 4 (December 9, 2022): 1053–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/world3040060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The community plays a significant role in everyday life in rural African contexts, particularly in terms of coping and in times of crisis. In the East African region, rural communities are diverse and complex, yet most share similar vulnerabilities such as widespread poverty, lack of infrastructure and basic services, and exclusion from broader economic and political developments. They are also highly affected by processes of modernization, globalization, and rural-urban migration. Social work as a profession that deals with social problems is deemed suitable to support rural communities in their struggle for survival. In order to understand the link between community-based forms of problem solving and social work practice, a qualitative study was conducted in five countries (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda). A total of 155 qualitative interviews and 55 focus group discussions with key informants were conducted. The research revealed a variety of indigenous knowledge systems and innovative coping mechanisms. For rural social work to be relevant and effective, such models should be thoroughly analyzed and integrated into its professional concepts and practice. In this article, some case examples are presented and critically discussed against the background of the African philosophical concept of ubuntu, which is regarded as the ethical backbone of communal life.
5
Gross, Miriam. "Between Party, People, and Profession: The Many Faces of the ‘Doctor’ during the Cultural Revolution." Medical History 62, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 333–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Chairman Mao fundamentally reformed medicine so that rural people received medical care. His new medical model has been variously characterised as: revolutionary Maoist medicine, a revitalised form of Chinese medicine; and the final conquest by Western medicine. This paper finds that instead of Mao’s vision of a new ‘revolutionary medicine’, there was a new medical synthesis that drew from the Maoist ideal and Western and Chinese traditions, but fundamentally differed from all of them. Maoist medicine’s ultimate aim was doctors as peasant carers. However, rural people and local governments valued treatment expertise, causing divergence from this ideal. As a result, Western and elite Chinese medical doctors sent to the countryside for rehabilitation were preferable to barefoot doctors and received rural support. Initially Western-trained physicians belittled elite Chinese doctors, and both looked down on barefoot doctors and indigenous herbalists and acupuncturists. However, the levelling effect of terrible rural conditions made these diverse conceptions of the doctor closer during the Cultural Revolution. Thus, urban doctors and rural medical practitioners developed a symbiotic relationship: barefoot doctors provided political protection and local knowledge for urban doctors; urban doctors’ provided expertise and a medical apprenticeship for barefoot doctors; and both counted on the local medical knowledge of indigenous healers. This fragile conceptual nexus had fallen apart by the end of the Maoist era (1976), but the evidence of new medical syntheses shows the diverse range of alliances that become possible under the rubric of ‘revolutionary medicine’.
6
Narang, Aditya, Dhruv Kumar, and Garima Gupta. "Political, economical, social, technological and SWOT analysis of beekeeping as a successful enterprise in India: An overview." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i1.3312.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agriculture provides food for more than half of India's population. Entrepreneurial development among rural people is becoming more widely acknowledged as a strategy for overall rural community development. Rural people's entrepreneurial growth is increasingly being recognised as a strategy for achieving total rural community development. Beekeeping is an example of a successful agricultural business. By becoming entrepreneurs, beekeepers can increase their earnings and social capital. By boosting the income of rural beekeepers, reducing poverty, and protecting biological systems through pollination, entrepreneurial behavior contributes to sustainable development. The current review focuses on the several aspects of beekeeping as a profession on the core ideas of beekeeping entrepreneurship, its history, the distribution of honey-producing regions, and the wishes for its entrepreneurship development in India, as well as the important reasons for encouraging entrepreneurship. The current situation of beekeeping entrepreneurship in India, as well as the problems and opportunities it brings, were examined. This study examines the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and Political, Economical, Social, and Technical (PEST) analyses of beekeeping as a business. As a result, the user is able to extensively research the market before beginning any new business. The focus of the review is on the business elements of beekeeping. In addition, the study highlights the beekeeping industry's future possibilities as well as the regulations sought by the Indian government.
7
Pisapia, Michael Callaghan. "The Authority of Women in the Political Development of American Public Education, 1860–1930." Studies in American Political Development 24, no. 1 (March 5, 2010): 24–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x09990113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Through a comparative historical analysis of the American states, I show how public education was the original policy field through which white American women became empowered as voters and political officials. Women's changing status within the education profession and “school suffrage” rights are an important and overlooked aspect of women's political history, and the rural orientation of state governments and women's increasing administrative authority as county superintendents and rural supervisors of education was pivotal to women's political empowerment. Women's authority, however, varied across regions and across states, with women's authority especially strong in Western states. I find that women in the field of public education were most empowered where there was a history of school suffrage rights, where administrative offices were elective rather than appointed, and where the power of the state superintendent of public instruction was weak. These findings suggest that democratic institutions, more than economic development or state capacity, were fundamental to women's increasing authority in the policy domain that commanded the largest share of state and local resources at the time.
8
Blažek, P., and M. Kubalek. "Comparison of agrarian political parties in selected Central European states after 1989." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 12 (March 1, 2012): 544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5366-agricecon.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study deals with the founding and development of agrarian political parties and movements in selected postcommunist states (with the emphasis put on the Czech party system in the early 1990‘s). The topic is discussed from the point of view of classic political science theories, namely the historical conflict approach of Stein Rokkan and Seymour Martin Lipset, complemented with Derek Urwin’s theory regarding emergence of agrarian parties as a means of defense of country against urbanization. The results of research into the urban – rural cleavage and its influence on the genesis of agrarian political parties in selected post-communist countries after 1989 seem to support the above mentioned theories (even though those were originally formulated for a much earlier period when the Western party systems were first coming into existence. These can be applied also to the Czech environment, where several profession-based political parties were established in the early 1990’s, some of which were concerned with the defense of peasants’ and farmers’ interests. The attempts to create profession-based parties in the Czech political system were destined to fail for several reasons. The first was a striking ideological profiling of the bipolar party spectrum, causing general parties to pick up the themes and voters concerned with economic recession, and radicalization of electorate. The second reason lied in the diminishing numbers of potential voters, a result of agriculture modernization and general urbanization of society, which caused that the city-country conflict was reflected in the election results only marginally. The result was similar to other post-Soviet states, with a specific exception of Poland: agrarian parties and movements lost their former influence.
9
Salifu, Gamel Abdul-Nasser, and Kwabena Asomanin Anaman. "A Political Economy Analysis of Income Diversification Activities of Rural Households in the Northern Region of Ghana." Applied Economics and Finance 6, no. 5 (July 26, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v6i5.4405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study analysed income diversification activities of 1,194 rural households in the Northern Region of Ghana using data from the sixth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) undertaken by the Government of Ghana, through the Ghana Statistical Service. We found that 92% of rural households were engaged in farm activities affirming agriculture as the dominant profession of rural households in the region. The number of income-generating activities undertaken by these households was significantly related to the size of the household, previous apprenticeship training acquired by the household head, ownership of a motor bike/car, and ownership by the household of specific physical assets which also provide information, communication and entertainment services, namely mobile phone, radio and television sets. The share of wage-based income in the total household income was significantly related to the age of the household. The overall income diversification index was positively influenced by the level of remittances and the number of rooms in the house; the latter allowed for increased possibility of renting rooms in the house to workers. We also established that overall income diversification index was associated with decreasing total household consumption expenditures and reduced food security at relatively low levels. However, this index was linked to increasing household consumption expenditures and improved food security at relatively higher levels. Our findings suggest that income diversification could be an important poverty-reducing measure if well-designed Community and State support programmes for rural households are implemented in the region under conditions of peace and good security.
10
Bryant, Lia, Bridget Garnham, Deirdre Tedmanson, and Sophie Diamandi. "Tele-social work and mental health in rural and remote communities in Australia." International Social Work 61, no. 1 (November 27, 2015): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815606794.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rural and remote communities often have complex and diverse mental health needs and inadequate mental health services and infrastructure. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide an array of potentially innovative and cost-effective means for connecting rural and remote communities to specialist mental health practitioners, services, and supports, irrespective of physical location. However, despite this potential, a review of Australian and international literature reveals that ICT has not attained widespread uptake into social work practice or implementation in rural communities. This article reviews the social work literature on ICT, draws on research on tele-psychology and tele-education, and provides suggestions on how to enhance engagement with ICT by social workers to implement and provide mental health services and supports tailored to community values, needs, and preferences that are commensurate with the values of the social work profession.
Дисертації з теми "Rural political profession"
1
Ambassa, Akoa Théodore. "La professionnalisation du personnel politique rural au Cameroun : une contribution à l'étude de la « modernisation » de la vie politique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSJPG/2024/2024ULILD011.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pour Max Weber, le professionnel de la politique c’est celui qui vit de et pour la politique. Autrement dit, c’est celui qui parvient à en tirer des ressources suffisantes pour en faire son activité à temps plein, mais également celui qui en fait une vocation. Au regard de son apport, dans la problématique plus générale de la modernisation politique, on peut s’interroger sur l’opérationnalité de cette approche Wébérienne sur différents terrains, notamment les Afriques, sur lesquelles porte cette thèse. C’est autour de cette question que repose cette recherche doctorale. Elle s’appuie sur le cas du personnel politique des petites communes au Cameroun que nous désignons comme « rurales », sur leurs caractéristiques socio-démographiques et sur leurs pratiques. Elle vise à explorer les voies spécifiques de la professionnalisation de ces élus et ce qu’elle peut dire de la « modernisation politique » et du mode de gouvernance locale dans ce pays. Outre l’aspect socio-historique, différentes communes ont été sélectionnées à partir de 2018 dans cinq régions du Cameroun. Pour cela, nous avons fait le choix de diverses méthodes d’enquête dont les entretiens, les observations, mais également l’analyse d’archives. Nous avons combiné cela avec des méthodes quantitatives (qui s’appuient principalement sur de l’analyse de données primaires et secondaires récoltées tout le long de la thèse)For Max Weber, a professional politician is someone who not only lives off politics but also lives for politics. In other words, it refers to an individual who secures enough resources from politics to make it a full-time occupation, while also regarding it as a vocation. Considering Weber’s contribution to the broader issue of political modernization, one might question how applicable this Weberian approach is to various contexts, particularly those in Africa, which are the focus of this thesis. This doctoral research centers around that question. It examines the political personnel from small, 'rural' communities in Cameroon, focusing on their socio-demographic characteristics and practices. The objective is to explore the specific paths toward the professionalization of these elected officials and what this reveals about 'political modernization' and local governance in the country. In addition to the socio-historical aspect, various communities were selected from 2018 onward in five regions of Cameroon. To achieve this, we employed a variety of research methods, including interviews, observations, and archival analysis. These were complemented by quantitative methods, primarily based on the analysis of primary and secondary data collected throughout the thesis
2
Campos, Ricardo Luiz Sapia de [UNESP]. "Qualificação profissional e sindicatos. Entre estado, capital e trabalho: um estudo de casos no meio rural de Ribeirão Preto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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campos_rls_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1538745 bytes, checksum: 883a6bbeb7accf2f23490776ef97faf8 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Analisamos experiências de qualificação profissional realizadas pelos sindicatos dos trabalhadores e sindicatos rurais (patronais) da região de Ribeirão Preto. Estruturamos nossa investigação abrindo o debate com o clássico tripé: estado, capital e trabalho, quando então passamos a questionar a construção institucional destas três dimensões. A redefinição destes, aberta com o processo de reestruturação produtiva é observada, tanto no que tange aos novos perfis profissionais, tendências e oscilações de um mercado de trabalho, quanto atividades profissionais e de renda que não integram a construção institucional regulada sobre as relações de trabalho. Discutimos experiências de qualificação profissional rural, em diversos recortes sindicais, e outros, dentro do meio rural da região de Ribeirão Preto. Para tanto estabelecemos zonas de interesse no tocante aos cursos de qualificação, apontando tal diversidade e multiplicidade, entendidas como atividades em que se compreende o trabalho produtivo, ou trabalho vivo. Tomando como foco empírico por um lado o assalariamento agrícola, de outro, núcleos de pequena produção estabelecendo campos distintos no tocante a estas zonas de interesse. No caso do assalariamento priorizamos aqueles tipos de trabalho de baixa renda e qualificação que identificamos principalmente entre os trabalhadores da colheita e trato da cana-de-açúcar. Discutimos o tema como ocorrência contemporânea, a partir principalmente do final da década de noventa e início desta, estabelecendo discussão, primeiro com o Fundo de Amparo ao Trabalhador (FAT), também com os dois programas federais deste período: O PLANFOR e posteriormente o PNQ.
I have analyzed the experiences of professional qualification carried out by rural employers and employees unions in the Ribeirão Preto area (State of São Paulo). I have initially structured the research in the classical three pillars (state, capital and labor) and then questioned the institutional construction of such three dimensions. The redefinition of these three dimensions is analyzed taking into consideration new professional profiles, tendencies and variations of a labor market as well as new professional activities that do not take part of the regulated institutional construction of labor relation. I have presented different experiences of professional qualification with different union profiles within the Ribeirão Preto area. To achieve that, I have set zones of interest' regarding the qualification activities, describing the diversity and multiplicity understood as activities that comprise productive work (or living labor). As an empiric focus, I have taken on the one hand the salaried work and on the other small scale production nuclei. In the case of salaried rural labor, I have prioritized the low income and low qualification jobs among the workers of the tract and harvest of sugarcane. I have discussed such theme as a contemporary occurrence, especially as from the 1990 s and 2000 s. Therefore, I have established points of discussion with the major government social schemes for the period: FAT, PLANFOR and PNQ.
3
Fitzpatrick, Lesley Maria Gerard. "Inventing cultural heroes : a critical exploration of the discursive role of culture, nationalism and hegemony in the Australian rural and remote health sector." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16371/1/Lesley_Fitzpatrick_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rural and remote areas of Australia remain the last bastion of health disadvantage in a developed nation with an enviable health score-card. During the last ten years, rural and remote health has emerged as a significant issue in the media and the political arena. This thesis examines print media, policy documents and interviews from selected informants to ascertain how they represent medical practitioners and health services in rural and remote areas of Australia, why they do so, and the consequences of such positions. In many of these representations, rural and remote medical practitioners are aligned with national and cultural mythologies, while health services are characterised as dysfunctional and at crisis point.
Ostensibly, the representations and identity formulations are aimed at redressing the health inequities in remote rural and Australia. They define and elaborate debates and contestations about needs and claims and how they should be addressed; a process that is crucial in the development of professional identity and power (Fraser; 1989). The research involves an analysis and critical reading of the entwined discourses of culture, power, and the politics of need. Following Wodak and others (1999), these dynamics are explored by examining documents that are part of the discursive constitution of the field. In particular, the research examines how prevailing cultural concepts are used to configure the Australian rural and remote medical practitioner in ways that reflect and advance socio-cultural hegemony.
The conceptual tools used to explore these dynamics are drawn from critical and post-structural theory, and draw upon the work of Nancy Fraser (1989; 1997) and Ruth Wodak (1999). Both theorists developed approaches that enable investigation into the effects of language use in order to understand how the cultural framing of particular work can influence power relations in a professional field. The research follows a cultural studies approach, focussing on texts as objects of research and acknowledging the importance of discourse in the development of cultural meaning (Nightingale, 1993). The methodological approach employs Critical Discourse Analysis, specifically the Discourse Historical Method (Wodak, 1999). It is used to explore the linguistic hallmarks of social and cultural processes and structures, and to identify the ways in which political control and dominance are advanced through language-based strategies. An analytical tool developed by Ruth Wodak, Rudolf de Cillia, Martin Reisigl and Karin Leibhart (1999) was adapted and used to identify nationalistic identity formulations and related linguistic manoeuvres in the texts.
The dissertation argues that the textual linguistic manoeuvres and identity formulations produce and privilege a particular identity for rural and remote medical practitioners, and that cultural myth is used to popularise, shore up and advance the goals of rural doctors during a period of crisis and change. Important in this process is the differentiation of rural and remote medicine from other disciplines in order to define and advance its political needs and claims (Fraser, 1989). This activity has unexpected legacies for the rural and remote health sector.
In developing a strong identity for rural doctors, discursive rules have been established by the discipline regarding roles, personal and professional characteristics, and practice style; rules which hold confounding factors for the sustainability of remote and rural medical practice and health care generally. These factors include: the professional fragmentation of the discipline of primary medical care into general practice and rural medicine; and identity formulations that do not accommodate an ageing workforce characterised by cultural diversity, decreasing engagement in full time work, and a higher proportion of women participants. Both of these factors have repercussions for the recruitment and retention of rural and remote health professionals and the maintenance of a sustainable health workforce.
The dissertation argues that the formulated identities of rural and remote medical practitioners in the texts maintain and reproduce relationships of cultural, political and social power. They have also influenced the ways in which rural and remote health services have been developed and funded. They selectively represent and value particular roles and approaches to health care. In doing so, they misrepresent the breadth and complexities of rural and remote health issues, and reinforce a reputational economy built on differential professional and cultural respect, and political and economic advantage. This disadvantages the community, professions and interest groups of lower value and esteem, and other groups whose voices are often not heard. Thus, regardless of their altruistic motivations, the politics of identity and differentiation employed in the formulated identities in the texts are based on an approach that undermines the redistributive goals of justice and equity (Fraser 1997), and works primarily to develop and advantage the discipline of rural medicine.
4
Fitzpatrick, Lesley Maria Gerard. "Inventing cultural heroes : a critical exploration of the discursive role of culture, nationalism and hegemony in the Australian rural and remote health sector." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16371/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rural and remote areas of Australia remain the last bastion of health disadvantage in a developed nation with an enviable health score-card. During the last ten years, rural and remote health has emerged as a significant issue in the media and the political arena. This thesis examines print media, policy documents and interviews from selected informants to ascertain how they represent medical practitioners and health services in rural and remote areas of Australia, why they do so, and the consequences of such positions. In many of these representations, rural and remote medical practitioners are aligned with national and cultural mythologies, while health services are characterised as dysfunctional and at crisis point. Ostensibly, the representations and identity formulations are aimed at redressing the health inequities in remote rural and Australia. They define and elaborate debates and contestations about needs and claims and how they should be addressed; a process that is crucial in the development of professional identity and power (Fraser; 1989). The research involves an analysis and critical reading of the entwined discourses of culture, power, and the politics of need. Following Wodak and others (1999), these dynamics are explored by examining documents that are part of the discursive constitution of the field. In particular, the research examines how prevailing cultural concepts are used to configure the Australian rural and remote medical practitioner in ways that reflect and advance socio-cultural hegemony. The conceptual tools used to explore these dynamics are drawn from critical and post-structural theory, and draw upon the work of Nancy Fraser (1989; 1997) and Ruth Wodak (1999). Both theorists developed approaches that enable investigation into the effects of language use in order to understand how the cultural framing of particular work can influence power relations in a professional field. The research follows a cultural studies approach, focussing on texts as objects of research and acknowledging the importance of discourse in the development of cultural meaning (Nightingale, 1993). The methodological approach employs Critical Discourse Analysis, specifically the Discourse Historical Method (Wodak, 1999). It is used to explore the linguistic hallmarks of social and cultural processes and structures, and to identify the ways in which political control and dominance are advanced through language-based strategies. An analytical tool developed by Ruth Wodak, Rudolf de Cillia, Martin Reisigl and Karin Leibhart (1999) was adapted and used to identify nationalistic identity formulations and related linguistic manoeuvres in the texts. The dissertation argues that the textual linguistic manoeuvres and identity formulations produce and privilege a particular identity for rural and remote medical practitioners, and that cultural myth is used to popularise, shore up and advance the goals of rural doctors during a period of crisis and change. Important in this process is the differentiation of rural and remote medicine from other disciplines in order to define and advance its political needs and claims (Fraser, 1989). This activity has unexpected legacies for the rural and remote health sector. In developing a strong identity for rural doctors, discursive rules have been established by the discipline regarding roles, personal and professional characteristics, and practice style; rules which hold confounding factors for the sustainability of remote and rural medical practice and health care generally. These factors include: the professional fragmentation of the discipline of primary medical care into general practice and rural medicine; and identity formulations that do not accommodate an ageing workforce characterised by cultural diversity, decreasing engagement in full time work, and a higher proportion of women participants. Both of these factors have repercussions for the recruitment and retention of rural and remote health professionals and the maintenance of a sustainable health workforce. The dissertation argues that the formulated identities of rural and remote medical practitioners in the texts maintain and reproduce relationships of cultural, political and social power. They have also influenced the ways in which rural and remote health services have been developed and funded. They selectively represent and value particular roles and approaches to health care. In doing so, they misrepresent the breadth and complexities of rural and remote health issues, and reinforce a reputational economy built on differential professional and cultural respect, and political and economic advantage. This disadvantages the community, professions and interest groups of lower value and esteem, and other groups whose voices are often not heard. Thus, regardless of their altruistic motivations, the politics of identity and differentiation employed in the formulated identities in the texts are based on an approach that undermines the redistributive goals of justice and equity (Fraser 1997), and works primarily to develop and advantage the discipline of rural medicine.
5
Urbisaglia, Gianluca. "Relazioni sindacali e rapporti di lavoro nel contesto economico-produttivo del settore agricolo." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/981995.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'obiettivo principale di questo lavoro di ricerca è quello di fornire il quadro e la qualità delle tutele offerte per il lavoro subordinato dalla specifica normativa giuslavoristica e dalla contrattazione collettiva di lavoro, alla luce dell'evoluzione economico-produttiva del settore agricolo. La Thesis che si vuole dimostrare è che nel settore primario le tutele scaturenti dalla normativa legale e pattizia dei rapporti di lavoro subordinato e il sistema di relazioni sindacali non risultano appropriati al sistema economico-produttivo né corrispondono alle esigenze di tutela dei lavoratori, dei datori di lavoro e delle strutture collettive del sistema padronaleThe study explores and discusses the specific national framework of Labour Law and Labour relations system in the agricultural sector. The study reveals that the country has a quite exhaustive structure of labour legislation and collective bargaining but practically the labour laws and contractual protections are inappropriate in terms of effective tutelage of workers' needs and does not reflects the evolution of the agricultural sector and its heterogenity of products and markets. The CAP and particular Italian agro-industrial legislation have contributed to all this
Книги з теми "Rural political profession"
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Nyberg, Sørensen Ninna, and Olwig Karen Fog 1948-, eds. Work and migration: Life and livelihoods in a globalizing world. London: Routledge, 2002.
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Stirr, Anna Marie. Heading Home. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631970.003.0003.
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Through an ethnographic narrative, this chapter describes a trip to a rural village in Lamjung district and a dohori singing event that took place there. It introduces the post-conflict temporal context of the author’s research, and situates her as a researcher, a woman, and a student of dohori singing, at the intersection of the professional world of Kathmandu and the particular rural world she was visiting. It provides an account of one rural setting to illustrate how different the reality of various forms of rural life is from the idealized version depicted in commercial dohori, while also showing how these ideal rural settings may be produced through dohori’s poetic conventions. This chapter introduces the expressive conventions of rural dohori singing, through a description of how the author learned them in this village. And it situates them in relation to aspects of caste/ethnicity, gender, political identity, and social status.
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Payson, Julia. When Cities Lobby. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197615263.001.0001.
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When Cities Lobby tells the story of what happens when city officials rely on professional lobbyists to represent their interests in state government. In a political environment characterized by intense urban-rural polarization and growing hostility between cities and state legislatures, the ability to lobby can be a powerful tool for city leaders seeking to amplify their voices in state politics. The cities that lobby at the highest rates include large urban centers that have been historically underrepresented in our federal system—and, increasingly, blue-leaning cities engaged in preemption battles against Republican-led legislatures. But high-income places have also figured out how to strategically use lobbyists, and these communities have become particularly adept at lobbying to secure additional grant money and shift state funding in a direction that favors them. How did we end up with a system where political officials in different levels of government often choose to pay lobbyists to facilitate communication between them, and are the potential benefits worth the costs? When Cities Lobby demonstrates that the answer is deeply rooted in both the nature of the federal system and the evolution of the professional lobbying industry. And while some states have recently debated measures to restrict lobbying by local governments, these efforts will likely do more harm than good in the absence of structural reforms to the lobbying industry more broadly.
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Fain, Cicero M. ,. III. Black Huntington. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042591.001.0001.
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This book studies the multi-generational transition of rural and semi-rural southern black migrants to life in the embryonic urban-industrial town of Huntington, West Virginia, between 1871 and 1929. Strategically located adjacent to the Ohio River in the Tri-state region of southwestern West Virginia, southeastern Ohio, and eastern Kentucky, and founded as a transshipment station by financier Collis P. Huntington for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad in 1871, Huntington grew from a non-descript village to the state’s most populated city by 1930. Huntington’s black population grew in concert: by 1930, the city’s black population comprised the second largest in the state, behind Charleston, the state capital. The urbanization process posed different challenges, burdens, and opportunities to the black migrant than those migrating to the rural-industrial southern West Virginia coal mines. Direct and intensive supervision marked the urban industrial workplace, unlike the autonomy black coal miners’ experienced in the mines. Forced to navigate the socioeconomic and political constraints and dynamics of Jim Crow Era dictates, what state officials euphemistically termed, “benevolent segregation,” Huntington’s black migrants made remarkable strides. In the quest to transition from slave to worker to professional, Huntington’s black migrants forged lives, raised families, build black institutions, purchased property, and become black professionals. This study centers the criticality of their efforts to Huntington’s growth as a commercial, manufacturing, industrial, and cultural center.
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Fox, Robert. Thomas Garnett. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350248762.
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Thomas Garnett was a man of science and physician whose career took him from rural obscurity in 18th-century Westmorland to metropolitan prominence as the first professor of natural philosophy and chemistry at the newly founded Royal Institution in London in 1799. His rise to the summit of British science was far from straightforward, but is brought to life in vivid detail by Robert Fox. Fox gives an engrossing and moving account of the trials, triumphs, and tragedies of Garnett’s life, exploring his disputes with established doctors concerning the medicinal virtues of mineral waters, his involvement in the contested politics surrounding the creation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain and his premature death. In doing so, Fox deftly shows how Garnett’s life can illuminate a wide canvas of the social history of British science and medicine in the crucial period of early industrialisation.
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Prescott, Cynthia, and Maureen Sherrard Thompson, eds. Backstories: The Kitchen Table Talk Cookbook. The Digital Press at the University of North Dakota, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31356/dpb018.
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Sharing recipes is a form of intimate conversation that nourishes body and soul, family and community. Backstories: The Kitchen Table Talk Cookbook integrates formal scholarship with informal reflections, analyses of recipe books with heirloom recipes, and text with images to emphasize the ways that economics, politics, and personal meaning come together to shape our changing relationships with food. By embracing elements of history, rural studies, and women’s studies, this volume offers a unique perspective by relating food history with social dynamics. It is sure to inspire eclectic dining and conversations. Cynthia C. Prescott is Professor of History at the University of North Dakota and an occasional baker. Her research focuses on portrayals of rural women in cultural memory. Maureen Sherrard Thompson is a Ph.D. candidate at Florida International University. Her dissertation focuses on business, environmental, and gender perspectives associated with the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century seed industry. With contributions by: Linda Ambrose, Samantha K. Ammons, Jenny Barker Devine, Nikki Berg Burin, Lynne Byall Benson, Eli Bosler, Carla Burgos, Joseph Cates, Diana Chen, Myrtle Dougall, Egge, Margaret Thomas Evans, Dee Garceau, Tracey Hanshew, Kathryn Harvey, Mazie Hough, Sarah Kesterson, Marie Kenny, Hannah Peters Jarvis, Katherine Jellison, M. Jensen, Cherisse Jones-Branch, Katie Mayer, Amy L. McKinney, Diane McKenzie, Krista Lynn Minnotte, Elizabeth H. Morris, Sara E. Morris, Mary Murphy, Stephanie Noell, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg, Virginia Scharff, Rebecca Sharpless, Rachel Snell, Joan Speyer, Pamela Snow Sweetser, Rebecca Shimoni Stoil, Erna van Duren, Audrey Williams, Catharine Anne Wilson, Jean Wilson.
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Hanna, Erika. Snapshot Stories. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823032.001.0001.
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During the twentieth century, men and women across Ireland picked up cameras, photographing days out at the beach, composing views of Ireland’s cities and countryside, and recording political events as they witnessed them. Indeed, while foreign photographers often focused on the image of Ireland as a bucolic rural landscape, Irish photographers—snapshotter and professional alike—were creating and curating photographs of Ireland which revealed more complex and diverse images of Ireland. Snapshot Stories explores these stories. It examines a diverse array of photographic sources, including family photograph albums, studio portraits, and the work of photography clubs and community photography initiatives, alongside the output of those who took their cameras into the streets to record violence and poverty. It shows how Irish men and women used photography in order to explore their sense of self and society, and examines how we can use these images to fill in the details of Ireland’s social history. Through exploring this rich array of sources, it asks what it means to see—to look, to gaze, to glance—in modern Ireland, and explores how conflicts regarding vision and visuality have repeatedly been at the centre of Irish life.
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Feller, Laurent. Travail, salaire et pauvreté au moyen âge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0010.
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Hired working is a topic rarely dealt with by medievalists. It is nevertheless a central matter: beside the corvée and the range of constraints that goes with the seigniorial system, wages play an important part in the organization of rural or urban working. In the first place, every kind of work, even constrained work, has a cost. This ranges from the material organization of the tasks to the offering of a meal or to the payment of a monetary counterpart in exchange for the work. These features are compensations for the time passed in the fields or in the workshop and for the strength and skill used to satisfy the demands of the master. The fact that this cost is not necessarily, and never entirely, monetized is a barrier to thinking that between tenth and fifteenth centuries work could be considered a mere commodity whose wage is a price. The existence of counterparts in working means that there are reciprocal obligations: this fits well with an economic system in which acts and things can be valued according to social or political circumstances. Hired working appears to have been part of the seigniorial system from its very beginnings, as a marginal but useful way to obtain work from free workers. The way in which the different tasks are remunerated, and not only the amounts concerned, reveal the hierarchies in working: there is a gap between the gold given once a year to an architect (or to a professor at a university) and the bullion used to pay workers once a week on construction sites. The ways of remunerating work can be very complicated, mixing payments in cash and in kind. These payments show a considerable confusion in the conception of what the remuneration consists of: different words are used, even in the same contexts, to indicate the same economic reality, especially in rural contexts where the remuneration can involve clothes, cash, food, and accommodation. In the end, salary and poverty appear to be closely linked in the mentalities as well as in the social and economic reality. Hired working, salary, and misery are clearly three interrelated features of the medieval economic and social reality.
Частини книг з теми "Rural political profession"
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Horváth, Csaba. "A népuralom kísérlete és bukása." In Fontes et Libri, 89–101. Szeged, Hungary: Szegedi Tudományegyetem, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/btk.2023.sje.8.
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József Sipos was the supervisor of my thesis that analysed the activities of the Social Democrats in 1918–1919. Later, a decisive element of our teacher-student and increasingly friendly relationship was a multitude of our professional discussions about the revolutionary period, one of the central issues of which was the failure to build a democratic system in 1918–1919. József Sipos believed that one of the most important reasons for this failure was the fact that a worker-peasant alliance – historically been burdened anyway in our current terminology – could not be realized. Accordingly, his analyses focused on the conflicts between the workers’ and peasants’ parties, as well as on their relations to their own social bases. In this present paper, I focus on the assumption that the consolidation carried out by a worker-peasant coalition in the spring of 1919 was a political reality. I examine the activities of the social democrats and smallholders through a few nodes: (1) the relation to Mihály Károlyi’s political programme; (2) the rural expansion of the political basis and (3) the debate on the land system; (4) the relation to the interpretation of the revolution in connection with the government crisis of December and January; (5) the participation in Berinkey’s coalition government. Despite political tendencies towards a worker-peasant alliance, the difference between political identities between social democrats and smallholders represented a fundamental problem. As opposed to the emancipation marks, the identity of the social democrats remained revolutionary, while the smallholders fully identified themselves as an emancipatory political movement. The resolution to this conflict was the most pressing question in the event of a coalition that appeared to be a political reality. Elections to clarify the balance of political power were not held, the political shock caused by the Vix Note swept away the chance for consolidation. The revolutionary identity of the social democrats led to their involvement in the dictatorship of the proletariat.
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Lund, Brian. "Eclipsing council housing." In Housing Politics in the United Kingdom. Policy Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447327073.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the politics involved in local authority housing supply. It records hostility to the idea, especially to subsidised council housing, at the end of the 19th century and Lloyd-George’s crucial role in securing its acceptance in 1918. It charts Conservative attempts to direct state help towards needs arising from slum clearance and its implications for housing form. The politics involved in the growth of council housing in the post Second World War period are examined in relationship to the Conservative revival of the sanitary approach, the protection of rural Britain, high- rise construction and the role of the architectural profession. The political implications of the residualisation of council housing are explored with reference to the image of council housing and attitudes towards its tenants.
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Macedo, Letícia Lucena Dantas de, Nicole de Lucena Macedo, Willian Vinícius Oliveira Araújo, Leonardo Querino Barboza Freire Santos, João Ricardo Ferreira Pires, Marcelo Silva de Andrade, Fernanda de Araújo Dantas, Jack Wilamy Sousa Santos, and Samuel Dantas Garcia. "Rural and Professional Education in Paraíba in the 1930s and 1940s." In Academic Education Navigating the Path of Knowledge. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2023.008-009.
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This chapter seeks to understand rural and professional education in Paraíba in line with the political and social discussions of the Vargas period. It is the result of the research project Social Representations on Professional Education in the newspaper A União (Paraíba, 1930s) funded by the IFPB's INTERCONECTA public notice. At first, the text presents a small contextualization of Professional Education in Brazil and Paraíba up to our time frame, 1930. Soon after, he discusses, based on some bibliographic references, how, throughout the Vargas period, a rural education focused on work and nationalism became increasingly evident. Next, it presents some examples of rural education in Paraíba, discussing how it was organized and what would be the social and political representations that shaped the practices of this education. As a conclusion, we present a little of the trajectory of Sizenando Costa, a teacher and intellectual who fought for rural education in the period in question. Also, the proposal of the Model Rural Schools that he defended. The chapter dialogues both with studies on the history of rural and professional education in Paraíba and Brazil, as well as with analyses that deal with politics in the 1930s and 1940s.
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Edelman, Marc. "Synergies and Tensions between Rural Social Movements and Professional Researchers." In Peasant Politics of the Twenty-First Century, 231–45. Cornell University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501773440.003.0011.
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This chapter assesses the relationship between rural social movements and professional or academic researchers. It begins with an analytical distinction between three categories of people: movement activists; academic researchers in universities and similar institutions; and professional researchers in other kinds of institutions, such as nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The chapter argues that the distinction is partly, though not entirely, a heuristic one and that the lines between activist researchers and other researchers are in practice often blurred. Some important synergies between social movements and academics could involve exchanges of knowledge and contacts, joint strategy discussions, publicizing organizations' platforms and activities and analyzing their histories, and engaging in collaborative research and training. However, relationships between academics and social movements are sometimes characterized by tensions. Academic researchers and social movement activists, even if they have similar knowledge production practices, sometimes seek to produce knowledge for different objectives. In addressing the question of activist–academic relations, it is useful to distinguish two types of researchers that enter into relations with rural social movements: first, the researcher who has knowledge or connections sought by the activists; and second, the researcher who seeks to study and write about the rural social movements.
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"10. Synergies and Tensions between Rural Social Movements and Professional Researchers." In Peasant Politics of the Twenty-First Century, 231–45. Cornell University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501773464-013.
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Hughes Karnes, Elizabeth, and Holly Hansen-Thomas. "Emergent Bilinguals in Rural Schools." In Research Anthology on Bilingual and Multilingual Education, 434–57. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3690-5.ch023.
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This chapter explores rural teacher attitudes towards emergent bilinguals at the secondary level before, during, and after translanguaging professional development. Within the current political climate, accountability measures and assessment training affect teacher perceptions of second language acquisition and add to the deficit perspective. Juxtaposed with the accountability climate are the benefits of rurality and teachers who value the funds of knowledge these linguistically and culturally diverse students possess. Through a mixed methods study using qualitative and quantitative survey data, the authors examined the effects of translanguaging pedagogy on an English-only school district. The translanguaging strategies used in English language arts and reading classrooms showed potential to improve standardized English assessment scores by shifting the monolingual ideology of the teacher participants to a multilingual stance. The results of this study could revise current perceptions and pedagogy for emergent bilinguals.
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Hughes Karnes, Elizabeth, and Holly Hansen-Thomas. "Emergent Bilinguals in Rural Schools." In Beyond Language Learning Instruction, 332–61. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1962-2.ch014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores rural teacher attitudes towards emergent bilinguals at the secondary level before, during, and after translanguaging professional development. Within the current political climate, accountability measures and assessment training affect teacher perceptions of second language acquisition and add to the deficit perspective. Juxtaposed with the accountability climate are the benefits of rurality and teachers who value the funds of knowledge these linguistically and culturally diverse students possess. Through a mixed methods study using qualitative and quantitative survey data, the authors examined the effects of translanguaging pedagogy on an English-only school district. The translanguaging strategies used in English language arts and reading classrooms showed potential to improve standardized English assessment scores by shifting the monolingual ideology of the teacher participants to a multilingual stance. The results of this study could revise current perceptions and pedagogy for emergent bilinguals.
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SULLIVAN, D., and L. ROHLFSEN. "Professional politics and the challenge of anesthesia availability in rural hospitals." In Research in the Sociology of Health Care, 149–67. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0275-4959(07)00007-5.
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Berridge, Willow, Justin Lynch, Raga Makawi, and Alex de Waal. "Freedom and Change." In Sudan's Unfinished Democracy, 1–36. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197657546.003.0001.
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Abstract This chapter dissects the original revolutionary moment of December 2018–April 2019, situating it with Sudan's broader history and the specific dynamics of class, nationalist politics, and urban-rural divides. It explores the background and emergence of the Sudan Professional Association, which spearheaded a number of the protests in Khartoum and beyond, observing how it moved from focusing on salary reform to prioritizing regime change. It also explores the variety of rebel movements, civil society organizations and political parties that signed the Declaration of Freedom and Change, leading to the formation of the Forces of Freedom and Change. The chapter also looks at the formation of the famous sit-in at Khartoum's military headquarters and its contribution to the toppling of al-Bashir on 11 April 2019.
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Seeberg, Vilma, Ya Na, Yu Li, and Debra L. Clark. "Rural Girls’ Educational Empowerment in Urbanizing China." In Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century, 42–64. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0003.
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Secondary schooling may empower rural girls migrating to the cities in China to control resources, improve family well-being intergenerationally, and become leaders in their communities. Majority Han and minority Mongolian girls live in very different socioeconomic and policy environments, are affected by different schooling, have inherited different gendered cultural norms, and expect to thrive in different socioeconomic and political futures. Interviews exploring their aspirations and agency show that senior secondary schooling enables both Mongolian and Han girls to act forcefully on their own behalf but differences by ethnicity and socioeconomic location. Mongolian girls benefit from Mongolian traditions of valuing women more highly by developing greater independence compared to Han girls, who lack confidence compelled by Confucian patriarchal traditions. Mongolian girls foresee professional futures, although they worry about Mongolian language limitations; Han girls aspire to finding and keeping simple stable work. Implications for diverse educational and economic policies for the two regions are drawn.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Rural political profession"
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GRAŽULIS, Vladimiras, and Ramutė NARKŪNIENĖ. "THE ASSUMPTIONS OF SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN LITHUANIA (CASE STUDY OF EASTERN AUKŠTAITIJA REGION)." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.124.
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Tourism is one of the activities in rural areas that creates added value, rapidly becomes a part of the global economic and social processes. The authors of the article have analysed the assumptions of successful development of rural tourism in Eastern Aukštaitija region. The article provides the thoughts and reflections of the scientists and researchers in the area of the topic being analysed. What assumptions have determined successful development of rural tourism in the region? The aim of the research is to perform the analysis of development of rural tourism in Eastern Aukštaitija region and to discuss the assumptions of successful development of rural tourism in this region. The objectives of the research include the performance of theoretical analysis of development of rural tourism and the execution of the situation analysis of rural tourism in Eastern Aukštaitija region. The following methods have been applied: the analysis of scientific references, quantitative research – survey and generalization of the questionnaire data. The article includes summarized results of the research that aims at determining the assumptions of successful development of rural tourism in Eastern Aukštaitija region. Successful development of rural tourism depends on external (economical, natural, legal, political, social and technological) and internal (the size of homesteads, the number of services, the experience of the owners of the homesteads in rural business, professional knowledge of the staff and the ability to communicate in a foreign language(s), etc.) factors.
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MacBride, Charles, and Robert Arlt. "PH01:BRK: Potentials of Teaching Building Science through Design-Build." In 110th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.110.5.
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The construction of a certified passive house in a rural, red state signals the successful completion of a case-study project that has had far-reaching effects beyond initial expectations. Instituting passive house principles into the curriculum of a newly established professional degree program was highlighted by the design, construction, certification, sale and monitoring of this single-family home. And while the house is the most visible manifestation, the ongoing influence of the larger initiative may prove to be its most important legacy. This includes a solidifying curriculum that teaches passive strategies, environmental stewardship and professional responsibility, and further establishes the department’s role in community design, leading by example in an underserved region. The cycle of certified houses, established by PH01:BRK, now seeks to enter a self-sustaining mode of developing projects. The PHIUS certified PH01:BRK serves as a model to successor projects that hone technical, budgetary and curricular constraints while continuing the momentum established by the first house. This paper describes the initiative within a pedagogical context, as a forerunner of sustainable building within the regional building industry, and as a political marker in a state that rejects regulation and often the notion of climate change altogether. This cultural condition has even created a difficult framework for the continuation of the initiative within the university itself. This paper also summarizes and speculates on the initiative as a unique pedagogical model for design-build studio and supporting technical and professional coursework. Students were exposed to many of the design challenges that we have come to expect from a design-build studio in terms of process, outcomes, and challenges. This does not diminish the student’s effort and embrace of the project. It does, however, bring attention to the positive effects that have been seen in the resulting curricular and service roles of the department and the recognition throughout the community. This is especially significant in a rural state with no residential energy code and negligible building code enforcement, suggesting issues that go beyond pedagogy and are measured against the region’s cultural and sociopolitical landscape.
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Palipane, Kelum, and Janet McGaw. "An Interdisciplinary Architectural Pedagogy for Social Relevance." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.61.
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We live in a time of rapid geo-political change that is expected to accelerate rather than stabilise over the coming decades: More than half the world lives in urban areas, a figure expected to rise to 68% over the next 30 years. Cities are denser and more socially complex than ever before. Rural to urban internal migration continues, but a substantial driver of population transitions is a consequence of inter-national immigration, some of it forced. In fact, there are currently 65 million displaced people in the world; the largest figure in history. These increasingly complex conditions require architects to practice a new kind of critical consciousness about the socio-economic, environmental and demographic multiplicities in which they work. It’s no longer enough to concentrate on the conditions of a site defined by the lines of property ownership. Architects need to adopt a contextually relevant praxis that responds to the multiscalar effects of our changing social condition. To that end, we argue, the emerging generation of architects will need knowledge and methods – often inter-disciplinary – that enable them to read and represent these social complexities and address them through critical design responses. This paper presents a pedagogical approach for a foundational transdisciplinary design studio within a new generalist undergraduate degree in design in which this pedagogical challenge is addressed. It is a core subject in the pathway to professional a master’s degrees in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design.
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Mamley Osae, Erika, John Victor Mensah, David Wellington Essaw, and Rufai Kilu. "A functional support system in a bustling 24/7 economy: Perspectives on slum dwellers in Ashaiman, Ghana." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002156.
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Slums are often associated with negativities in society including social vices, thievery and arm robbery due to the unsightly nature of the settlements, characterized with filth and insanitary conditions. However, slums provide accommodation for rural-urban migrants who are unable to afford the high cost of rent due to several factors including poor housing policy by government, high rental cost, financial difficulties, unemployment and poverty. This study aims at ascertaining the functional activities and survival strategies of slum dwellers in Ashaiman Municipality in Ghana. Ashaiman is a sprawling urban settlement, parts of which exhibit characteristics of a slum. It is a home to people from many ethnic groups within and outside Ghana who are all there to eke out a living. It also provides space for well organised and recognised professional, trade, ethnic, welfare and youth associations with formal structures and support systems to ensure good governance, compliance and reward systems. This study deployed a mixed method approach to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 490 respondents and 13 key informants in two slum communities; namely; Manmomo and Tulaku within Ashaiman Municipality. Interview schedule, interview guides and focus group discussion guides were used to collect data. Appropriate techniques were used to process and analyse the data. The results showed that the slum dwellers presented varied economic potentials as they contributed to the bustling 24/7 economy. The local economy was characterised by small and micro-scale activities in the informal sector. The municipal authority generated revenue through taxation in whatever form while the slum dwellers provided a strong voting block for politicians. However, the slums also provided the opacity needed for illegal activities. The slum residents operated in an under-served location with deficits in security, infrastructure, health and environmental sanitation. The survival strategies included social safety in terms of perception of historical and traditional ties, social acceptability, social network, security and business opportunities. The diverse characteristics, capacities, tenacity arising from survival experiences, adaptability, social capital, political clout in numbers, and youthful population contribute to make the slum communities in Ashaiman a place of survival. The main argument of the study is that slum dwellers demonstrate resourcefulness, thereby debunking their association with low levels of access to productive sources. It is therefore, recommended that the central government, local government, technocrats, the private sector and civil society groups should collaborate to enhance the potentials of the slum dwellers for local level development.
Звіти організацій з теми "Rural political profession"
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Prysyazhna-Gapchenko, Julia. Еміграційні видання для селян: між фаховістю і політикою. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, березень 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11720.
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In the article rare editions of magazine type are first probed for peasants which nursed in an environment the Ukrainian emigrants in the first post-war years on territory of the American area of occupation in Germany, and also in the USA. Separately paid regard to mision role of magazines in the association of the nebulized peasants round a desire to apply the obtained previous experience and knowledge on strange land, to present the world the Ukrainian peasantry as labour productive force and also round the idea of fight for independence, joining in with political activity of «old» parties and organizations which actively functioned in the environment of the Ukrainian emigrants. Outlined problem of magazines for peasants, and also sil’vetki of separate authors. In the repertoire of the Ukrainian emigrant press professional editions for peasants occupy an insignificant percent. But their appearance and functioning testify to the desire of certain part of wanderers – natives from villages, which got the special trade education, and also conscious group of peasants which tested tortures and humiliations as a result of violent collectivization, to unite the efforts for future effective economic labour in Ukraine, as emigration was at that time examined in their environment as the temporal phenomenon. De autre part, the creators of this periodicals did not hide the purpose of distribution of the purchased knowledges and experience in the countries of migration. Publishers at mediation of magazines formed soil for creation of political party, which would unite the unions of the Ukrainian peasants-emigrants (farmers), which got organized in camps for the moved persons. Soon, in 1948, party of liberal direction – Union of earths of cathedral Ukraine is was created in Ashaffenburzi (Germany) and on convention in New Wales (in 1950) renamed on Peasant party. Greater part of problem of magazines «the Ukrainian owner», «Ukrainian peasant», «Rural owner», was inferior preparation to realization of this emigrant project. A separate place belongs to the magazine «the Ukrainian manager», the release of which, without regard to influences of mel’nikivskogo wing OUN, managed from the first to the last number to dissociate oneself from a policy, save popular scientific status agrarian-economic direction. Even publications the main theme of number is violated in which, for example, criticism of a collective farm system the USSR or analysis of economic problems of socialism, scientific arguments is marked and by the unprejudice of author. Functioning in the environment of emigration of «rural» periodicals is dictated a desire to combine effort peasants for a maintenance and increase of professional level, to send them in the river-bed of fight for liberation from under the burden of persecutors of the Ukrainian village.