Дисертації з теми "Rural labour markets"
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MacDonald, R. F. "Schooling, training, working and claiming : Youth and employment in local, rural labour markets." Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382968.
Повний текст джерелаMueller, Bernd. "Working for development? : a study of the political economy of rural labour markets in Tanzania." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13195/.
Повний текст джерелаMoses, Gary William. "Social relations in the Victorian countryside hiring fairs and their critics in the East Riding of Yorkshire c. 1840-1880 /." Thesis, Online version, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.324567.
Повний текст джерелаNasser, Yousef. "Labour markets and rural household economics : the case of hill country Palestine (1890-1990) with special reference to the Israeli occupation period." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259711.
Повний текст джерелаCramer, C. "Labour markets, employment, and the transformation of war economies. Paper presented at the ¿Transforming War Economies¿ Seminar, Plymouth, 16-18 June 2005." University of Bradford, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4178.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough many different analyses in some ways acknowledge the relevance of labour markets to the political economy of violent conflict and of war to peace transitions, there has been little sustained or systematic exploration of this dimension of war economies and post-conflict reconstruction. This paper highlights the empirical and analytical gaps and suggests that a framework departing from the assumptions of the liberal interpretation of war allows for a richer analysis of labour market issues and policies. This is illustrated by the history of rural Mozambique through the war economy and into the first post-war decade.
Feuerbacher, Arndt. "Economy-wide Modelling of Seasonal Labour and Natural Resource Policies." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19825.
Повний текст джерелаUsing an economy-wide modelling approach, this dissertation investigates methodological and empirical research questions related to seasonal labour markets and natural resource policies. The Kingdom of Bhutan, located in the south-eastern Himalayas, serves as a case study. The methodological research objective of this thesis is to gain an understanding of the relevance of seasonal labour markets in the context of economy-wide modelling. The depiction of seasonal labour markets at national scale using a seasonal social accounting matrix (SAM) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) model presents a novel development within the literature. It is demonstrated, that the absence of seasonal labour markets leads to systematic bias of model results. The consequences are distorted supply responses and biased welfare effects, underlining the pivotal implications of seasonality for economy-wide analysis in the context of agrarian economies, particularly for scenario analysis involving structural changes and agricultural policy interventions. The empirical research objective addresses the interdependence of natural resource policies with objectives of environmental conservation and rural development. Employing modelling techniques, three studies focus on specific agricultural and forest policy scenarios in Bhutan. Simulating Bhutan’s ambitious policy objective to convert to 100% organic agriculture demonstrates substantial welfare losses and adverse impacts on food security, causing trade-offs with objectives of rural development and food self-sufficiency. Analysing forest policy reforms shows that increased forest utilization contributes to economic development, particularly in rural areas, without jeopardizing the country’s forest conservation agenda. The dissertation points at numerous areas of future research, as for example the incorporation of ecosystem services, which is identified as one key limitation of economy-wide analysis of natural resource policies.
Yu, Li. "Labour market outcomes, migration intentions of rural-urban migrants and return migration in China." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3340.
Повний текст джерелаix, 160 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
Vera-Toscano, Esperanza. "Modelling the labour market behaviour of women in rural canada." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302482.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Xiaobing. "Labor market behavior of Chinese rural households during transition /." Halle (Saale) : IAMO, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2008400549.html.
Повний текст джерелаGarnett, Anne Margaret, and n/a. "EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION ADJUSTMENT IN RURAL AUSTRALIA." University of Canberra. School of Business & Government, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070802.130527.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Yunhua. "Institutional constraints and mobility of labor and capital in rural China." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33051234.html.
Повний текст джерелаvan, den Bosch Inge. "Beyond Education : Perspectives of rural graduate Filipinas on labor market participation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145064.
Повний текст джерелаMiller, Luke Currie. "Valuing place : understanding the role of community amenities in rural teacher labor markets /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Повний текст джерелаGarnett, Anne Margaret. "Employment and population adjustment in rural Australia /." Canberra : University of Canberra, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20070802.130527/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаHeidelk, Tillmann. "Education, labor markets, and natural disasters." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/304527.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Cheng, Li. "Labour surplus economy under transitions = a case study of chinese rural labour mobility = Transições na economia de mão de obra excedente: um estudo de caso da mobilidade da mão de obra rural na China." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286402.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Três décadas de reforma econômica e abertura, a China tem vivido uma fase de desenvolvimento de transições econômicas de um sistema planejado para a de um mercado, juntamente com um padrão de desenvolvimento típico dualista. A mobilidade do trabalho de um controle restrito durante o período de pré-reforma a um afrouxamento gradual pós-reforma, juntamente com a melhoria de industrialização e expansão da urbanização, apresentou uma transferência de massa sem precedentes em termos de tempo, espaço, ocupação, indústria e escala. No entanto, a sustentabilidade de tal modelo de desenvolvimento do crescimento econômico altamente determinado pela escala da força de trabalho excedente rural restante. Com a fermentação persistente da generalizada falta de trabalho desde 2004, a diminuição gradual do dividendo demográfico atribuído principalmente à implementação da política de planejamento familiar desde 1980, bem como os atuais crescimentos contínuos dos custos de trabalho e a desaceleração do crescimento econômico, quanto tempo pode durar este modelo de desenvolvimento econômico baseado na transferência de força de trabalho, tornou-se um acalorado debate e agitação no campo acadêmico socioeconômico. Portanto, esta pesquisa adotou uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento econômico, através da análise profunda sobre as famosas teorias de transferência de trabalho rural excedente, estabelecendo o modelo de força de trabalho tripartite como a principal contribuição teórica desta pesquisa, e combinado 35 anos de base de dados da China, fornecer uma situação real da transferência de força de trabalho rural excedente chinês
Abstract: Three decades of the economic reform and opening up, China has experienced a development stage of economic transitions from a planned system to a market one, along with a typical dualistic developmental pattern. Labour mobility from a restrict control during the period of pre-reform to a gradual loosening after the reform, along with the improvement of industrialization and expansion of urbanization, presented an unprecedented mass transfer in terms of time, space, occupation, industry and scale. However, the sustainability of such development model of economic growth highly determined by the scale of the remaining rural surplus labour force. With the persistent fermentation of the wide-spread of labour shortage ever since 2004, the gradual diminishing of the demographic dividend mainly attributed to the implementation of the family planning policy since 1980s, as well as the current continuous growing labour costs and the slow down economic growth, how long can this economic development model based on the transfer of labour force last, became a heated debate and socio-economic hotspots in the academic field. Therefore, this research adopted a development economics perspective, through the profound analysis over the famous theories of rural surplus labour transfer, established a tripartite labour supply model, combined 35 years data base from China, provide an actual situation of Chinese rural surplus labour transfer
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
Nguyen, Trung Hung [Verfasser], Diez Javier [Gutachter] Revilla, and Üwe [Gutachter] Blien. "Rural Non-Farm Sector and Labor Market in Rural Vietnam: Trends and Determinants / Trung Hung Nguyen ; Gutachter: Javier Revilla Diez, Üwe Blien." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112226237X/34.
Повний текст джерелаSchlosser, Janet A. "An examination of county-level labor market responses to economic growth in Kansas." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1074.
Повний текст джерелаJohnson, Jodien M. Mencken Frederick Carson. "Federal employment concentration and regional process in nonmetropolitan America." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5238.
Повний текст джерелаMathenge, Mary W. Kiiru. "Essays on off-farm labor market participation, farm production decisions and household economic wellbeing empirical evidence from rural Kenya /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Знайти повний текст джерелаSifuentes, Ocegueda Emma Lorena. "Mercados de trabajo agrícola, redes sociales y segmentación. El caso de la producción de tomate de invernadero en el Sur de Nayarit, México." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400649.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis has as main objective the study of recruitment practices of the workforce in local agricultural markets and identify the role they exercise in social networks as a mechanism for managing the workforce. This has been selected three different companies in the Southern Region of the State of Nayarit, Mexico. Nayarit is an entity characterized by the predominance of service activities and agriculture as key in its production structure. The importance of agricultural activity in Nayarit shows a mixed picture in terms of social and productive diversity processes, which in the last two decades has made significant changes and differences between regions of the state. In that context local agricultural markets will work as a relevant social process are analyzed. Given this scenario, the concrete idea of where it arises in this thesis is to explain the inequities that characterize the local agricultural labor markets in southern Nayarit, Mexico and the role of social networks in these markets. It was assumed that personal relationships between social actors and community environment-understood in terms of family and social networks or friendship-, come to influence how local rural labor markets are organized. The establishment of companies outside that environment, in terms of their origin and forms of organization, should lead to significant changes in the local context for economic, cultural and social in general and in particular on the functioning of labor markets level, what it is thought about the importance of identifying and studying in detail these social processes. In that sense, the object of analysis of this thesis constitute, the recruitment strategies and selection of workers in local agricultural labor markets with the presence of local networks. At the theoretical level, the detected problem raised the possibility of contributing to the development of a line of research for analysis detected a general level -macro- or addressing issues of interest but little developed separately for rural labor markets. This is summarized in identifying elements to explain, how they are established and extent of socio-cultural features of the local environment, through social networks, recruitment and ways of managing the workforce and its impact on segmentation of labor markets. In this line we have tried to make progress in explaining the relationship between-segmentation social labor market desegregation social markets local rural labor networks, having started from the situation that has characterized the markets for agricultural work in Nayarit, of strong social inequities. In addition to other important conclusions, it was found the relationship between social networks management workforce in the cases analyzed. Such a relationship was detected in both the recruitment and the organization of the work process, presenting specific ways in each case, depending on the size of the company and its form of organization. While in the recruitment process, the reason for mediation is seeking employment-hiring the workforce, in the interest of both parties during the work process, the main reason for the involvement of social networks is to greater control purposes by the company on groups of workers. This has implications in terms of inequality opportunities to access at the work, and of social segregation.
Karlsson, Emil. "It’s a match? : A comparison of the aggregated job-matching efficiency in urban and rural regions in Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44285.
Повний текст джерелаCamos-Daurella, Daniel. "Essays on the electricity sector in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/216767.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Staduto, Jefferson Andronio Ramundo. "Determinação dos salários na agropecuária brasileira - período de 1971 a 1996." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-20082002-145225/.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper analyzes the performance of rural wages and it also estimates wage equations for temporary and permanent workers. The analyzed time period is 1971 through 1996, and three aggregations of wages were considered: for the entire Brazil, for the region with more sophisticated agriculture and for the region with less sophisticated agriculture. Agricultural labor force was divided into two categories: temporary and permanent workers. It was considered that agricultural labor market has two different wage structures, for temporary and permanent workers, and the historic process of labor market formation created particular features for these workers. The analysis was conducted considering wages paid for entire Brazil and for two regions. The states were aggregated according to their agricultures technical level. The state of Acre and Northeast Brazil's states, except the state of Piaui, form the less sophisticated agricultural region. The states of Center-Western, Southeast and Southern Brazil form the more sophisticated agricultural region. In order to determine the econometric equations, both market-oriented variables and institutional variables were considered as independent variables. Minimum wage is the institutional variable considered. By using pooling techniques, rural wage equations were estimated. The error has a componentstructure. Due to that, the Fuller & Battese technique was used. The results for temporary workers' wage equation was not good when wages were aggregated for the entire Brazil. The coefficients for minimum wage (WM) and the ratio between received and paid prices (Pa) were not statistically significant. Better econometric results appeared for temporary workers wage equations when wages were aggregated in two regions. The coefficients of minimum wage (WM) were statistically significant. The coefficient of Pa, however, was not statistically significant. The coefficient of alternative wage (WU) was positive and statistically significant. The same results appeared for the labor productivity coefficient (Pmo), except for the temporary workers wage equation for the more sophisticated region. In the latter region, income transfer happened from the temporary workers to the capital owners. Similar results were found for permanent workers wage equations estimated for the entire Brazil and its two regions. All independents variables but Pa were statistically significant. Generally, the biggest and the most statistically significant coefficient appeared for the minimum wage variable. It has worked as an indexation for the rural wages, in the same way that the economic literature proved it for the unskilled, urban workers. However, the minimum wage law is not enough to prevent the rural workers in receiving a wage below the minimum wage. Despite the huge labor productivity increase, Pmo affected mo re the permanent workers' wages. In the more sophisticated region, there is an income transfer from temporary workers to the capital owners, because the estimated coefficient of Pmo is negative. From the above results, it is possible to state that rural wage is strongly determined by institutional forces, such as minimum wage, and market forces have a smaller influence on rural wages.
Vaughan, Staci R. "Inequality in the Appalachian Region: Impact of Place, Education, and Gender on Income Disparity." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1430917323.
Повний текст джерелаCuco, José Luiz. "Formas de inserção da pessoa com deficiência em sociedades rurais da Zona da Mata mineira." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4181.
Повний текст джерелаThis research aimed to examine ways of sociability and the possibilities of integration into society of students from rural areaswith intellectual and multiple disabilities attending the Rural APAEs in the municipalities of Viçosa, Visconde do Rio Branco and Ubá, in the Zona da Mata region, in the state of Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil. This study started with the hypothesis that the insertion of the disabled person in rural society would happen beyond the domestic space as a result of the countryside to constitute a space of sociability in which productivity and competitiveness would be not as noticed as in the city. Thus, we sought in this dissertation examine how networks of sociability are establishedand the possibilities of integrating people with disabilities in rural societies. The interest in knowing and analyzing the range of possibilities with which disabled people counted for the establishment of their interaction in rural society arose due to the existence of a significant proportion of disabled people in rural areas, which have been poorly portrayed in academic studies, mostly conducted in the cities. We sought yet to examine the possibilities of autonomy and independence of the student with disabilities who attended Rural APAEs facing the challenges of life and work. The Rural APAEs were chosen because they offer training for work services for people with disabilities aiming -social inclusion. The field research was conducted through a semi-structured a survey questionnaire with open and closed questions, which was applied to the 159 students with intellectual disabilities enrolled in the three Rural APAEs surveyed. The main variables analyzed were the educational level of the student and his parents, occupation of parents, family income, type of disability; courses taken and productive activities, among others. The staff working in these institutions contributed to this study answered about the courses offered and whether they were compatible to qualify students to meet the demands of the labor market.
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as formas de sociabilidade e as possibilidades de inserção na sociedade rural dos educandos com deficiência intelectual e múltipla que frequentavam as APAEs Rurais de Viçosa, Visconde do Rio Branco e Ubá, três municípios da Zona da Mata, no estado de Mina Gerais, na região sudeste do Brasil. Partiu-se, neste estudo, da hipótese de que a inserção da pessoa com deficiência na sociedade rural se daria para além do espaço doméstico em decorrência do meio rural se constituir em um espaço de sociabilidade no qual a produtividade e a competitividade não se notariam como na cidade. Assim, buscou-se, nesta dissertação analisar como se estabeleciam as redes de sociabilidade e as possibilidades de inserção das pessoas com deficiência em sociedades rurais. O interesse por conhecer e analisar o campo de possibilidades com o qual as pessoas deficientes contavam para o estabelecimento de sua interação na sociedade rural surgiu em função da existência de uma expressiva porcentagem de deficientes no meio rural, os quais têm sido pouco retratados ao largo dos estudos realizados, quase sempre, nas cidades. Buscou-se analisar, ainda, as possibilidades de autonomia e independência do educando com deficiência formado nas APAEs Rurais para enfrentar os desafios da vida e do trabalho. As APAEs Rurais foram escolhidas por oferecerem serviço de formação para o trabalho junto às pessoas com deficiência visando a sua inclusão social. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada por meio de um survey aplicando questionário com perguntas semiestruturadas, com questões abertas e fechadas, aos 159 educandos com deficiência intelectual, matriculados nas três APAEs Rurais pesquisadas. As principais variáveis observadas foram a escolaridade do educando e de seus pais; profissão dos pais; renda familiar; tipo de deficiência; cursos realizados e atividades produtivas, entre outras. Os profissionais que atuavam nessas instituições contribuíram com este estudo respondendo sobre os cursos ofertados e se estavam compatíveis para qualificar os alunos para atender às exigências do mercado de trabalho. Nas empresas que empregavam os alunos das APAEs estudadas, o pesquisador fez entrevistas para saber das empresas a percepção que tinham sobre os deficientes que empregam, oportunidade em que entrevistou os trabalhadores que se qualificaram nos cursos oferecidos nas APAEs estudadas. Na pesquisa de campo, também foram entrevistadas as famílias dos educandos deficientes que residiam na zona rural. Em termos de conclusões gerais percebeu-se que o deficiente no meio rural tinha maior amplitude de participação social do que na cidade. Segundo os relatos dos pais dos deficientes, estes eram vistos na sociedade rural como diferentes, mas a diferença entre os rurais era vista como algo da vida, como normal, assim, os deficientes tinham uma vida mais participativa, integrada, sem restrições, mais solta. No entanto, a pesquisa de campo no meio rural foi importante, também, para se perceberem outros aspectos sociais em relação às pessoas com deficiência e ainda com relação às que cuidam da pessoa com deficiência, no que diz respeito à precariedade dos serviços básicos de saúde e de transporte prestados a essa população.
Cruz, Claudia Ferreira. "Trabalho forçado e trabalho escravo no Brasil: diferença conceitual e busca da eficácia em seu combate." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6109.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis approached a relatively complex phenomenon that is still observed in the Brazilian society: the existence of slave labor and forced labor, both in rural and urban areas. The main objective was to bring elements trying to show the conceptual differences between both, as well as to propose subsidies to eradicate these conditions, despite of conceptual aspects, wrong treatment even in the public sphere -, ideological positions or even lack of clarity in the definition of each of these concepts. Seeking to achieve this goal, this thesis is structured as follows: it began with a historical review of slave labor in Brazil and worldwide; then, it described what has happened on the international scene in terms of slave labor and forced labor; after that, it included features of both, considering their differences nowadays and highlighting the importance of the fundamental rights in the understanding of this differentiation. In order to deep this discussion, this work brought up the case of Bolivian immigrants in São Paulo, where it seems difficult to say exactly what it is: forced labor or slave labor? Then became involved in the revision of Brazilian legislation about the subject, showed the position of the leading Brazilian institutions involved in the solution of the exploitation of human labor, after revealing the extent of this problem in the Brazilian case. Finally, based on this material, realized several of recommendations, suggestions and subsidies to expand and improve the fight against forced labor and slave labor in Brazil, whether in rural or urban areas. Among these, are stand out: the discipline of terminology and standard of sentences in the sphere of the labor court; the complement of the PEC in terms of clarity about what is slave labor, using the concept of Decent Work for easier differentiation of terms; setting up recommendations to make clear and consensual what is slave labor and forced labor. The final conclusions bring the key messages that emerged from the development of the thesis: persisting on the fight against the exploitation of human labor in all its forms; taking out the ideological character of the discussion; regulating the outsourcing; the need of clearly identify the phenomenon: criminal problem or circumventing the labor laws?; understand them as an economic phenomenon, indicating the need of prevention and not just combat, and the absolute necessity of a clear concept of what the slave labor is
sociedade brasileira: a ocorrência de trabalho escravo e de trabalho forçado, tanto nas áreas rurais como nas áreas urbanas. O objetivo central foi trazer elementos procurando mostrar a diferença conceitual entre ambos, assim como propor subsídios para que o mesmo venha a ser erradicado, independentemente de aspectos conceituais, tratamento equivocado, inclusive na esfera pública, posições ideológicas, ou até mesmo falta de clareza na definição de cada um desses conceitos. Buscando atingir este objetivo maior, esta tese estruturou-se da seguinte forma: iniciou-se com uma revisão histórica sobre o trabalho escravo no Brasil e no Mundo; em seguida, descreveu o que tem ocorrido no cenário internacional em termos de trabalho escravo e trabalho forçado; contemplou as características de ambos, tendo em vista sua diferenciação nos dias atuais, destacando a importância dos direitos fundamentais na compreensão desta diferenciação. Buscando aprofundar esta discussão, trouxe à baila o caso dos migrantes bolivianos em São Paulo, onde parece ser difícil dizer exatamente o que se trata: trabalho forçado ou análogo ao escravo? Em seguida, enveredou-se pela revisão da legislação brasileira sobre o tema; mostrou a posição das principais instituições brasileiras envolvidas com a solução da exploração do trabalho humano, após revelar a dimensão desse problema no caso brasileiro. Finalmente, como base nesse material, realizou uma serie de recomendações, sugestões e subsídios para ampliar e melhorar o combate ao trabalho forçado e trabalho escravo no Brasil, seja na área rural ou no meio urbano. Dentre estas, destacam-se: disciplinar a terminologia e padronizar as sentenças na esfera de Justiça do Trabalho; complementar a PEC em termos da clareza necessária sobre o que venha ser trabalho escravo; utilizar o conceito do Trabalho Decente para facilitar a diferenciação dos termos, um conjunto de recomendações visando tornar claro e consensual aquilo que se rotula de trabalho escravo e trabalho forçado. As conclusões finais trazem as principais mensagens extraídas do desenvolvimento da tese: persistir no combate à exploração do trabalho humano em todas as suas formas; tirar o caráter ideológico da discussão; regulamentar a terceirização; necessidade de se identificar claramente o fenômeno: problema criminal ou burla à legislação trabalhista?; entendê-los como um fenômeno econômico, indicando, assim, a necessidade de prevenção e não somente combate; e necessidade absoluta de um conceito claro do que seja o trabalho escravo
SOUZA, Micheline Correia de. "O diferencial na distribuição de rendimentos salariais entre gênero: uma análise após o período de expansão econômica em Pernambuco na década de 2000." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4607.
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The present work aimed to analyze the evolution of the wage differentials among gender, after the change of the economic scenario with increasing structural investments in Pernambuco. As well as, to estimate the wage differentials by gender for different groups of work by means of a linear regression model and observe the socioeconomic profile of the workforce in Pernambuco, over the years 2000. The data used were those of PNAD, collected by IBGE, in the years 2001 and 2009. The sample matched 24,964 people in the year 2001 and 24,600 in the year 2009. To estimate the wage differentials by gender for different groups of occupation have been used the OLS and quantile regression. In General, there was a decrease in the wage differential between men and women for the estimates through the OLS, as well as for the quantile series. As well as, on an analysis by occupational groups the differential effect also decreases. Note that the categories of workers and entrepreneurs registered presented the biggest differential. It is therefore concluded that the effects of workers ' productive characteristics (education, experience, number of children) have enough correlation in the determination of wages. And to the variable of interest "genre" discrimination for women is still quite visible, but the reasons may be subjective to the local labour market in the face of the advance of structural investments and new requirements arising from the lack of skilled labor in the analysis period.
O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a evolução dos diferenciais de salários, entre gênero, após a mudança do cenário econômico com o aumento dos investimentos estruturais em Pernambuco. Assim como, estimar os diferenciais de salário por gênero para diferentes grupos de ocupação do trabalho, através de um modelo de regressão linear e observar o perfil socioeconômico da mão de obra em Pernambuco, ao longo dos anos 2000. Os dados utilizados foram os da PNAD, coletados pelo IBGE, nos anos de 2001 e 2009. A amostra correspondeu 24.964 pessoas no ano de 2001 e 24.600 no ano de 2009 em Pernambuco. Para estimar os diferenciais de salários por gênero para diferentes grupos de ocupação de trabalho foram utilizados o MQO e de regressão quantílica. De forma geral, houve uma diminuição do diferencial de salário entre o homem e a mulher para as estimações através do MQO, bem como para a série quantílica. Assim como, na análise por grupos ocupacionais o efeito do diferencial também diminui. Ressalte-se que as categorias de empresário e dos trabalhadores com carteira assinada apresentaram o maior diferencial. Conclui-se, portanto, que os efeitos das características produtivas dos trabalhadores (educação, experiência, número de filhos) apresentam bastante correlação na determinação dos salários. E para a variável de interesse “gênero” a discriminação para a mulher ainda é bastante observada, porém os motivos podem ser subjetivos ao mercado de trabalho local diante do avanço dos investimentos estruturais e das novas exigências surgidas pela falta de mão de obra especializada no período analisado.
Richardson, Frances Ann. "Rural change in north Wales during the period of the Industrial Revolution : livelihoods, poverty and welfare in Nantconwy, 1750-1860." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a94a14ee-c647-4215-9795-a3e22ce6b919.
Повний текст джерелаMai, Dan T. "Sustaining family life in rural China : reinterpreting filial piety in migrant Chinese families." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8e679650-a857-4f3c-a5c1-770a1bff848e.
Повний текст джерелаEstanislau, Patricia. "Dinâmica salarial dos trabalhadores da agropecuária brasileira: uma análise de dados espaciais (1992-2009)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2280.
Повний текст джерелаAssociação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional
The objective of this work is to examine the wages differences dynamics of the farming sector temporary and permanent workers, through the analysis of the wage behavior in the Brazilian states on the period from 1992 to 2009. For this it was used the Space Data Exploratory Analysis (AEDE), the space econometrical modeling and as source of data the National Research of Sample of Domiciles (PNAD). It was used convergence tests β absolute, conditional convergence β and convergence σ. To the conditions of the conditional convergence β process were used the variables: schooling average, experience (to catch the human capital effect) of each segment of workers and tractor power (to catch the fixture capital effect). The AEDE disclosed the wages distribution of the permanent and temporary workers to the Brazilian states. The states that better remunerate their permanent workers were placed in Center West region, South region and the state of São Paulo, the worse incomes were in the Northeast region. For the temporary workers the best wages were situated in the regions North and Center West, and the lowest incomes in the Northeast region. It was evidenced positive special autocorrelacion of the farming workers wages demonstrating that the space localization of these wages interfere in its values. The High-High clusters formations type for the farming workers (permanent and temporary) were placed in the North, Center West and South regions. Low-Low clusters formations type concentrate in states of the Northeast region of Brazil. In the bivaried space autocorrelação the farming workers wages follow the same behavior. The relation between wage and schooling have positive association, when the wages relate with experience they showed negative and when wages were compared to fixture capital the space association was positive. For the wage distribution of the wages growth tax of these workers, we notice that states with lower wages have higher growth taxes (Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Piauí and Paraíba) of those states that had higher wages than in parts had its growth taxes lower (Roraima, Amapá), showing evidences of the convergence existence. Applying the space imbalance model it was proved the absolute convergence existence, indicating that the permanent and temporary workers wages go through a common stationary state between the Brazilian states. In the conditional convergence we notice that the convergence speed is increased for the temporary permanent workers. The only significant variable was the farming worker schooling (permanent and temporary) disclosing that the wage inaqualities between the states tend to diminish. The significant space effect indicates the existence of two distinct works markets in the Brazilian farming. The fixed effect coefficient is significant and positive and shows the work market particularitity of each Brazilian state. The convergence σ of the temporary and permanent workers wages of the Brazilian farming shows the reduction of the wage inaquality by the fall in the dispersion of wage levels. However we suggest a reflection about the politics adopted in the farming, that could stimulate the inaquality wage reduction by politics that stimulate the instruction and qualification of this worker, and to be developed with locacional character, so that the Northeast region could increase its wage levels.
O objetivo do trabalho é examinar a dinâmica das diferenças dos salários dos trabalhadores temporários e permanentes do setor agropecuário através da análise do comportamento salarial nos estados brasileiros no o período de 1992 a 2009. Para isso foi utilizada a técnica da Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) e da modelagem econométrica espacial, e, como fonte de dados, a Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). Foram usados testes de convergência β absoluta, convergência β condicional e convergência σ. Como condicionantes ao processo de convergência β condicional foram utilizadas as variáveis média de escolaridade, experiência (captar os efeitos do capital humano) de cada segmento de trabalhadores e potência dos tratores (captar os efeitos de capital fixo). A AEDE revelou a distribuição dos salários dos trabalhadores permanentes e temporários entre os estados brasileiros. Os estados que melhor remuneravam para os trabalhadores permanentes situavam-se nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Sul e o estado de São Paulo, enquanto os piores rendimentos estavam na região Nordeste. Para os trabalhadores temporários, os melhores salários localizavam-se no Norte e no Centro-Oeste, e os rendimentos mais baixos na região Nordeste. Constatou-se autocorrelação espacial positiva dos salários dos trabalhadores agropecuários, demonstrando que a localização espacial desses salários interfere em seus valores. As formações de clusters do tipo Alto-Alto para os trabalhadores agropecuários (permanentes e temporários) situavam-se no Norte, Centro-Oeste e no Sul. Os clusters do tipo Baixo-Baixo concentram-se em estados do Nordeste do Brasil. Na autocorrelação espacial bivariada, os salários dos trabalhadores agropecuários seguem o mesmo comportamento. A relação entre salário e escolaridade tem associação positiva, mas, quando os salários se relacionam com a experiência, mostram-se negativos, e, quando os salários foram comparados ao capital fixo, então a associação espacial foi positiva. Para a distribuição salarial da taxa de crescimento dos salários desses trabalhadores, notamos que estados com salários mais baixos tinham taxas de crescimento mais elevadas (Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Piauí e Paraíba) do que aqueles que tinham salários mais elevados que, em parte, tinham suas taxas de crescimento menores (Roraima, Amapá), mostrando evidências da existência de convergência. Aplicando o modelo de defasagem espacial, comprovou-se a existência da convergência absoluta, indicando que os salários dos trabalhadores permanentes e temporários caminham rumo a um estado estacionário comum entre os estados brasileiros. Na convergência condicionada percebe-se que a velocidade da convergência é aumentada para os trabalhadores permanentes e temporários, revelando que as desigualdades salariais entre os estados tendem a diminuir. A única variável significante foi a escolaridade do trabalhador agropecuário (permanentes e temporários). O efeito espacial significante indica a existência de dois mercados de trabalhos distintos na agropecuária brasileira. O coeficiente de efeito fixo é significativo e positivo e mostra a particularidade do mercado de trabalho de cada estado brasileiro. A convergência σ dos salários dos trabalhadores temporários e permanentes da agropecuária brasileira mostra a diminuição da desigualdade salarial pela queda na dispersão dos níveis salariais. Sugere-se, todavia, uma reflexão sobre as políticas adotadas na agropecuária, que poderiam incentivar a redução da desigualdade salarial via políticas que estimulem a instrução e qualificação desse trabalhador, e serem desenvolvidas com caráter locacional, para que a região Nordeste pudesse aumentar seus níveis salariais.
Lange, Jérôme. "Population growth, the settlement process and economic progress : Adam Smith's theory of demo-economic development." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E039/document.
Повний текст джерелаPopulation - in its original sense of the process of peopling - is a topic surprisingly absent from the huge volume of scholarship on Adam Smith. This topic was central to 18th century moral philosophy and political economy, the two fields Smith most famously contributed to. Its importance in Smith’s work was obscured in the 20th century by a narrow focus on economic matters in the secondary literature. For an undivided analysis of Smith’s oeuvre it is crucial that the central position of the peopling process be brought to light. Three topics that are today recognised as essential to Smith’s project are thus intimately connected to population: the relation between the division of labour and the extent of the market; the stadial theory of progress; and the link between the development of town and country, itself central to Smith’s advocacy of the freedom of trade. The market is a concept read today through an institutional lens linking it to the functioning of the capitalist economic system; Smith conceived of it as facility for trade, with essentially demographic and geographic vectors. The progress of society is both cause and effect of the growth of population. At its core is the symbiotic interrelationship between rural and urban development that Smith called the “natural progress of opulence”. In turn, looking at dynamics of population and development - including the analysis of the demographic transition - through a Smithian rather than a neo-Malthusian lens leads to a fundamental reconsideration of causal interactions between mortality, fertility, wealth and institutional variables
Botting, Ingrid Marie. ""Getting a Grand Falls Job" : migration, labour markets, and paid domestic work in the pulp and paper mill town of Grand Falls, Newfoundland, 1905-1939 /." 2000.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMartyn, Timothy. "The impact of customary inter-household transfers on labour-led cash crop intensification among the smallholder farmers of Malekula Island, Vanuatu." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/98678.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Global Food Studies, 2015.
Acharya, Meena. "A study of rural labor markets in Nepal." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15704439.html.
Повний текст джерелаWisana, Dewa Gede Karma. "Essays on rural-to-urban migration, labour market and economic development in Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155793.
Повний текст джерелаClark, Rodriguez Diana Estefania. "Evaluating the effects of social programs." 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/58973651.html.
Повний текст джерелаHarvey, Mark H. "Local labor markets and welfare reform a case study of welfare reform in a persistently poor rural county /." 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/46474239.html.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-86).
Vakis, Renos Nicos. "The impact of market failures on household behavior : explaining labor market segmentation, technology adoption patterns and transaction costs in rural Peru /." 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/558333885.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Dandan. "Essays on rural-to-urban migration and its consequences in urban China." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150212.
Повний текст джерелаGuang, Lei. "The state, market and the political economy of peasant migration in contemporary China." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/46977057.html.
Повний текст джерелаHui, Chuang Yun, and 莊韻慧. "Rural Women of Migration and Urban Labor Market in Thailand:A Case Studies of Taiwanese Enterprises(ECI)in Bangkok." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94237530713629858764.
Повний текст джерела淡江大學
東南亞研究所
92
This thesis tries to analyze the phenomenon and influence Thai woman migration from rural area to Bangkok metropolis for employment. A respectable number of rural woman, especially those from Northeast areas migrate to Bangkok for employment. It is highly related to several structural factors: Regional development disparity, governmental policy on male labor export, and foreign invested factories’ preference on recruiting female labor. Despite the structural reasons, traditional cultural and social values on sex model bring pressure on individual woman, for example, the Buddhism idea of bun khun regulate a sex role and results in the rural woman’s motive of migration. The individual motive of migration as well as the structural factors thus transfer the rural unpaid housework woman into urban paid working woman. The thesis finding as below: First, the self image of rural migrant woman transform as receiving urban fashion and consuming culture. Second, via the economic contribution the migrant woman made, their roles and status in the family raise. The raise of status even enables them to challenge the parents’ traditional authority. Third, some woman with better performance would get opportunities of salaries and position promotion, which induces an upward social status mobility. In short, the process and act of rural woman’s flow to Bangkok for employment not only convert a traditional idea on woman’s value and status in families, but re-create their self image and self identity.
Hutaserani, Suganya. "Rural labor markets and fertility in Thailand : an extension of the new household economics to integrate institutional and supply-side aspects." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9611.
Повний текст джерелаBou, Dib Jonida. "Effects of oil palm expansion and other related land-use changes on the livelihoods of rural households in Indonesia." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E408-4.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Giang. "Essays on Economic Development in Southeast Asia." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154837.
Повний текст джерелаHurrle, Jakob. "Romové na českém venkově: determinanty vyloučení a potenciál pro inkluzi." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-406232.
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