Дисертації з теми "Rural environment in Morocco"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Rural environment in Morocco.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Rural environment in Morocco".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Mogakabe, Ditselatsela Elijah. "The level of mycotic and mycotoxigenic Fusaria in traditional morogo and the agro-environment of Dikgale Demographic Surveillance Site (DDSS) / D.E. Mogakabe." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3695.
Анотація:
Ubiquitous in agro-environments, Fusarium species infect and damage economically important
crops and contaminate food commodities with harmful secondary metabolites called mycotoxins.
In addition, human infection by pathogenic Fusarium strains has now emerged as a major
problem particularly among individuals with suppressed immunity. Trichothecenes,
deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, rnoniliforme and fumonisins are potent toxins produced by Fusorium
species including F. poae, F. nygami, F. oxysporum, F. proilferatum and F. verticillioides. The last three, together with F. solani and F. chlamydosporum are presently recognised as major role players in the occurrence of fusarioses in individuals with compromised immunity. In subsistence situations in rural areas of South Africa, a variety of traditional leafy vegetables, collectively known as morogo, supplement maize-based staple diets with minerals and vitamins. The utilisations of these traditional vegetables are generally based on indigenous knowledge pertaining to production and processing. Morogo plants are not natural hosts to mycotoxigenic and mycotic Fusarium species that are mainly associated with pathogeneses of grain crops such as maize. However, morogo growing in close proximity of maize in typical subsistence agricultural situations might be at risk of Fusarium contamination from maize. The study was conducted in the Dikgale Demographic Surveillance Site (DDSS), a rural area in
the Limpopo Province characterised by the production of maize and different types of traditional morogo for household subsistence. HIVIAIDS is prevalent in the Limpopo Province. Chronic dietary exposure to Fusarium toxins and disseminated fusarioses might enhance disease
outcomes associated with AIDS in affected individuals, thus adding to the burden of disease in DDSS communities. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of mycotic and mycotoxigenic Fusarium species in traditional morogo and ago-environments in DDSS. Questionnaires were employed to obtain relevant information and indigenous knowledge from communities of Sefateng. Madiga, Mantheding and Moduane related to the utilisation of raditional morogo. At each village thepe (amaranth) and lerotho (African cabbage) were sampled on two occasions, namely before maize planting (M-) and when maize was fully grown (M+). Maize, soil and air were sampled at the same time. Botanical species identification was carried out on specimens of lerotho and thepe from each village. Lerotho. thepe, maize, soil and air samples were subjected to mycological
analysis to determine the average fungal levels and Fusarium species that occurred. Samples of fresh and traditionally sun-dried samples of thepe and lerotho were analysed by HPLC for
fumonisins. Average fungal plate counts of morogo from all four villages were notably higher in lerotho compared to thepe. Lerotho sampled from M- fields of Madiga, Mantheding and Moduane exhibited higher average fungal levels than those from the M+ fields. However, in lerotho sampled from the M+ field of Sefateng average fungal levels were significantly higher than that of the M- field. Fungal levels in maize growing close to morogo were lowest in Sefateng and highest in Moduane. The highest fungal counts in soil were reported for Sefateng's M- field and the lowest for Sefateng M+ field. Fungal levels were high in air samples of M+ fields of all four villages and the lowest in M- field of Sefateng. The majority Fusarium isolates retrieved from morogo and environmental samples belonged to known mycotoxigenic and/or mycotic species, though predominant species and levels thereof varied in samples from M- and M+ fields of the four villages. Fusarium levels in thepe from both M- and M+ fields were shown to be lower as in lerotho. In samples of the Sefateng M- field, F. poae occurred predominantly in lerotho, thepe, soil as well as air, while F. subglutinans was the predominant species in lerotho and air samples of Mantheding. In Sefateng samples from M+ field, F. chlamydosporum predominated among isolates retrieved from lerotho, F. prolifiratum and F. gramenearum among those from maize and F. solani among those from soil and air. F. proliferatum dominated among isolates from lerotho, maize, soil and air of M+ sites of Madiga and F. chlamydosporum in soil and air samples of Mantheding. HPLC analysis detected fumonisin B1 in traditionally sun-dried as well as fresh samples of lerorho as well as thepe. The occurrence of mycotoxigenic and rnycotic Fusarium species in traditional morogo and agro-environments might be an aggravating health risk factor for DDSS communities.Thesis (M. Environmental Science (Water Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
2
Radi, Youness. "L'accès aux soins de santé en milieu rural au Maroc : une étude de la gouvernance et de l’instrumentation de l'action publique dans le cadre de l’Initiative Nationale pour le Développement Humain (INDH)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PESC0012.
Анотація:
Le développement humain est une question multi-dimensionnelle devenue importante au Maroc, un programme public phare, visant le traitement de ses différentes dimensions, a été lancé en 2005, « l’Initiative Nationale pour le Développement Humain », s’étale sur plusieurs années, doté d’une gouvernance multi-niveaux, il a permet une amélioration notable dans beaucoup de domaines, cependant, les inégalités entre les milieux urbain et rural persistent, notamment dans le domaine d’accès aux soins de santé, qui est une composante majeure du développement humain.Afin de comprendre les résultats limités de l’INDH dans le domaine de l’accès aux soins en milieu rural, nous avons étudié ce programme public dans sa première et sa deuxième phase de déploiement (2005-2018), et nous avons constaté des dysfonctionnements au niveau de sa structure organisationnelle de gouvernance, créant ainsi des problèmes de favoritisme et de conflit d’intérêts lors de son processus d’instrumentation, nous avons constaté également une participation citoyenne fragile et limitée dans le cadre de sa gouvernance. De plus, notre recherche dévoile aussi la spécificité de ce programme public, avec sa forme organisationnelle hybride à travers son rôle de coordination interministérielle, peu efficace à cause de sa faible gouvernance méta-organisationnelle, qui ne lui permets pas - par conséquent - d’augmenter la portée de ses résultats dans le domaine d’accès aux soins en milieu rural.Les résultats de notre recherche nous montrent aussi que le programme public de l’INDH a été impacté positivement par ses pressions institutionnelles qu’il a subi, cette influence institutionnelle a créé des changements isomorphiques de nature corrective et mimétique, qui ont favorisé le déploiement d’instruments de contrôle au niveau de sa gouvernance afin de corriger les dysfonctionnements de son processus d’instrumentation d’une part, et d’autre part, ces changements ont permis de renforcer la participation comme instrument de conception et de légitimation de se actions publiques.Notre travail de recherche contribuera à la compréhension des facteurs clés de réussite des actions publiques à travers leur dynamique de gouvernance et de leur processus d’instrumentationHuman development is a multi-dimensional issue that has become important in Morocco, a flagship public program, aimed at addressing its different dimensions, was launched in 2005, the "National Initiative for Human Development", spanning several years , endowed with multi-level governance, it has allowed a notable improvement in many areas, however, inequalities between urban and rural areas persist, particularly in the area of access to health care, which is a major component of human development.In order to understand the limited results of the INDH in the field of access to care in rural areas, we studied this public program in its first and second phase of deployment (2005-2018), and we found dysfunctions at the level of its organizational structure of governance, thus creating problems of favoritism and conflict of interest during its process of instrumentation, we also noted a fragile and limited citizen participation within the framework of its governance. In addition, our research also reveals the specificity of this public program, with its hybrid organizational form through its role of interministerial coordination, ineffective because of its weak meta-organizational governance, which does not allow it - consequently - to increase the scope of its results in the area of access to care in rural environment.The results of our research also show us that the public program of the INDH has been positively impacted by its institutional pressures which it has undergone, this institutional influence has created isomorphic changes of a corrective and mimetic nature, which have favored the deployment of instruments of control at the level of its governance in order to correct the dysfunctions of its instrumentation process on the one hand, and on the other hand, these changes have made it possible to strengthen participation as an instrument for designing and legitimizing its public actions.Our research work will contribute to the understanding of the key success factors of public actions through their governance dynamics and their instrumentation process
3
Doherty, Grace. "Exclusionary Development Knowledge and Accessibility in Rural Morocco." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10620470.
Анотація:
In recent decades, there has been an increased awareness of the concentration of the poor in rural and underdeveloped areas and increased attention to scaled economic and multi-dimensional assessments as tools for targeting rural poverty. While this has led to new forms of development intervention in previously neglected regions across the Global South, in Morocco this system of poverty reduction continues to exclude key sites and stakeholders. This thesis asks how local state offices and non-state actors participate in or disrupt the structural systems of development in Morocco and what potential these local communities have for contributing to standardized knowledge production of poverty and development. I use participatory mapping workshops, interviews, and “studying up” strategies to answer questions of access – physical and social – to development planning and interventions. My findings indicate that the Moroccan rural development complex is structurally exclusionary to remote rural communities. The state and its partners have portrayed rural spaces as quickly rising out of poverty thanks to their decentralized and participatory development schemes, yet incongruently, local recipients in the least accessible areas live in spaces devoid of interventions. With all development practices inherently tied to state standards, any oversight or exclusion by state targeting is magnified by the same oversight of its development partners. The scale of targeting and evaluation in international metrics has contributed to this neglect, and the unfortunate result has been a feedback loop of inaccessibility for remote rural pockets of the country. I explain why one spatial indicator, village accessibility to social services, is an appropriate addition to poverty assessments and development targeting, drawing from my conversations with villagers in rural Tinghir Province and the results of my geospatial analysis.
4
Būʿaslah, al-Tibārī. "Rural structure and agrarian change in Doukkala, Morocco." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290178.
5
Nid, Nora. "Water quality in southwest rural areas of Morocco : A field-study." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27540.
Анотація:
Former studies of water quality in southwest Morocco shows that some water sources in the rural region of Agadir are affected by intrusion bringing chemical values above normal in drinking water of the villagers. In this study, I want to investigate if the intrusion also creates increasing exposure of microorganisms and water borne diseases among the villagers. In a field- study, face to face interviews following a questionnaire were used to gather socioeconomic, clinical and water use information about the subjects living in the study area. Water sampling was made in 10 rural areas around Agadir. PH, conductivity and temperature were measured directly at the water locations. These parameters were re-measured at the chemical laboratory of Ibn Zohr University using traditional analytical methods. Additional chemical analysis (Bicarbonate, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Sulfate, Nitrate, and Chlorine) were also made at the university. The bacterial analysis (microorganisms at 22 ºC and 37 ºC, Coliform bacteria, Echerichia coli, Intestinal enterococci and Clostridium perfingens) was made with the same water sampling approach as the chemical analysis adding 1 random urban district for comparison. Water samples for bacterial analysis were analyzed within 24 hours at Veto lab using ISO methods according to NM 7899-2, 6461-2, 9308-1, and 6222. The results show that all rural water samples according to the guidelines for drinking water are classified as non- drinkable and the urban water sample is classified as drinkable. The rural respondents state that they do not collect their drinking water from the sample sources but this does not exclude increased exposure to contaminated water and the increased risk of getting infected by microorganisms through the use of contaminated sources for bathing, washing, swimming, cleaning, and cleaning feeding utensils. My conclusion is that further investigation must be made on different sources of contamination and existing factors that generates the growth of microorganisms in the rural wells along with recommendations for policy makers, surveillance managers, clinicians and laboratory staff to prevent any potential waterborne outbreaks among rural villagers in southwest Morocco.
6
Searight, Susan. "The prehistoric rock art of Morocco : a study of its extension, environment and meaning /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39907143d.
7
Benabdellah, Abdelmajid. "The economics of land tenure and agricultural performance in the Mnasra Region of Morocco /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901216.
8
Bergh, Sylvia I. "Decentralization and participatory approaches to rural development : assessing the scope for state-society synergies in Morocco." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496191.
9
Abdellaoui, El. "Pratiques agricoles et dynamique socio-techniques: cas des éleveurs agriculteurs de la commune rurale de Ben Smim Moyen Atlas Maroc." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210904.
Анотація:
L’agriculture est un secteur d’activité privilégié pour notre objet qui est l’étude de la dynamique sociotechnique et du travail. Nous montrons dans cette étude comment des éleveurs transformés de plus en plus en agro-pasteurs, à la suite de la sécheresse et la surcharge des hommes et du cheptel sur les ressources naturelles des parcours collectifs, sont amenés à changer progressivement leurs systèmes de production et partant leurs rapports sociaux.Au-delà d’une vision figée et homogénéisante de la paysannerie véhiculée par certains modèles sociologiques et par la vulgarisation agricole au Maroc, nous mettons l’accent sur l’hétérogénéité de la paysannerie et les aspects dynamiques de l’activité agricole et de ses acteurs.
Bien que les éleveurs/agriculteurs évoluent dans un environnement physique et économique souvent défavorable à leurs activités, ils manifestent de différentes stratégies pour améliorer leurs conditions de vie ou renforcer leurs acquis.
A partir d’une étude sur le terrain rurale de la Commune de Ben Smim, au Moyen Atlas berbère marocain et ayant mobilisé différents instruments de recueil d’informations, nous avons relevé que l’activité agricole n’est pas simplement une activité de production mais aussi de repositionnement des acteurs dans le système social. L’ethnique, le social et le politique se mêlent dans l’orientation des rapports de production. C’est pourquoi il est difficile d’isoler une pratique agricole des autres pratiques qui lui sont intimement liées et qui peuvent concerner d’autres domaines de vie des agriculteurs.
Avec la crise du nomadisme, les éleveurs/agriculteurs se fixent dans les douars ou les villages et élargissent ainsi leurs réseaux sociaux et professionnels. Ils deviennent ainsi de plus en plus perméables aux innovations techniques et organisationnelles et améliorent la performance de leurs troupeaux, introduisent de nouvelles cultures de marché et diversifient leurs stratégies de vente. Les minorités du point de vue ethnique et économique, d’intégration dans le système social local, les notables sont à même d’apporter de nouvelles variantes à leurs systèmes de production.
En fin de compte, chacun, en fonction de sa situation et de son projet, participe à la dynamique socio-technique locale.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sciences du travail
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
10
Rignall, Karen Eugenie. "LAND, RIGHTS, AND THE PRACTICE OF MAKING A LIVING IN PRE-SAHARAN MOROCCO." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/3.
Анотація:
This dissertation explores the relationship between land tenure and livelihoods in pre-Saharan Morocco as an ethical struggle over subsistence rights and the definition of community. Research in an oasis valley of southern Morocco indicated how changing land use practices framed contestations over community, political authority, and social hierarchies. The dissertation specifically examines the extension of settlement and cultivation from the oasis into the arid steppe. The research methodology contextualizes household decision-making around land use and livelihood strategies within the framework of land tenure regimes and other regional, national, and global processes. Households with the resources and prestige to navigate customary tenure regimes in their favor used these institutions to facilitate land acquisition and investments in commercial agricultural production. Rather than push for capitalist land markets, they invoked a discourse of communalism in support of customary regimes. In contrast, marginalized families without access to land mobilized to divide collective lands and secure individual freehold tenure. This complicates a prominent critique in agrarian studies that privatization signals the immersion of peripheral lands into neoliberal tenure regimes. The research shows that in southern Morocco, resistance to communal tenure regimes favoring elites was rooted in a discourse of subsistence rights and ethical claims to membership in a just community rather than a simple acquiescence to the power of neoliberal property relations. The dissertation therefore explores the shifting fault lines of social differentiation and the political and cultural embeddedness of land in processes of "repeasantization," the resurgence of rural peasantries in the context of the growing industrialization of global food production. The research draws on cultural anthropology, geography, and political economy to explore an understudied issue in the anthropology of the Middle East and North Africa: the economic and environmental dimensions of agrarian livelihoods and rural social dynamics from a critical theoretical perspective.
11
Bourqia, R. "State and rural society in Morocco : The Zemmour and Zayan confederations in the 19th and 20th centuries." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378801.
12
Walsh, Peter J. J. "Dioxins and furans in the rural UK environment." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365159.
13
Johnson, D. H. "Masculinities in rural Australia : gender, culture, and environment." Thesis, Richmond, N.S.W. : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/21148.
Анотація:
This research examines first the consequences of a learned, individualistic construction of masculinity as it exists within an aging population of farm men, and second the influence of this form of masculinity on possibilities for change in human relationships and industry practices. It is suggested that in a context of diminishing economic power and political influence, the prevailing model of masculinity has disabled the capacity of many farm men to manage change proactively. It is argued that evidence of a necessary change from instrumental, to-values and feelings-based engagement with human and natural systems has been slow to appear. A range of beliefs and attitudes are identified from the research data.Alternatives to traditional models of masculinity are examined. The research has been conducted using a Social Ecology approach, in which the personal autonomy arising from a coherent integration of values and beliefs informs our approach to all human and natural systems. Some possible consequences of such a change in personal orientation are explored, in relation to agricultural practices, community viability, and the fostering of social capital, and reference is made to alternative forms of community organisation.
14
Johnson, D. H. "Masculinities in rural Australia : gender, culture, and environment /." Richmond, N.S.W. : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030409.155513/index.html.
15
Armour, Heather. "Empowering women through rural gender development : an evaluation of the Near East Foundation's modular approach in southern Morocco /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1400403.
16
Kilby, Susan. "Encountering the environment : rural communities in England, 1086-1348." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36699.
Анотація:
Our current understanding of the medieval local environment is largely based on scholarly writings focusing on the policies towards the landscape pursued by the social elite. This presents us with some obvious problems if we want to understand local places through the eyes of the lower orders. But that is exactly what this study aims to do. By re-examining a variety of sources this research seeks to reconstruct the physical—and in some respects, metaphorical—environment of three contrasting English villages, using this as the basis for determining how peasants perceived their natural surroundings, and how this led to the development of the local economic strategies and social structures that can be pieced together from the records of the medieval manor. Since the emphasis here is largely on attitudes toward local environment, the intellectual approach moves beyond more traditional English historical spheres regarding the peasantry to consider mentalities. This has rarely been a consideration for historians concerned with English medieval peasants. Indeed, one might ask just how we can hope to uncover the thoughts of those who left little documentary evidence behind? Reconsidering the records that survive, it is clear that peasants left a great quantity of material waiting to be uncovered. Hidden within seigneurial documents can be found direct peasant testimony, notably their personal names, and those they bestowed upon the landscape. Through these documents—alongside the physical environment—we find further signposts indicating how they felt, thought about, and commemorated their local landscape. This study reveals that some peasants used the landscape to set themselves apart from their neighbours. It shows that, although uneducated in the formal sense, some nevertheless had a strong grasp of contemporary scientific thought. It outlines the means through which locally important folk stories were embedded within the landscape itself. And it sees beyond the officially endorsed local village landscape, with its authorized roads and footpaths, to reclaim the real environment inhabited and traversed by English people over 700 years ago.
17
Zhezherya, O., and I. Sagaydak. "Pressure of tourism on environment." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31786.
Анотація:
The Original fashion is on rest in rural locality which acquires force in Europe the last years, reached to Ukraine. Under rural tourism mean and «green» (rest to 1-2 days, gathering berries, mushrooms, relaxing on the beach and others like that), and environmental (when tourists simply look after by nature), and agrotоurism (during the rest can take part in collection of fruit, vegetables, supervision of animals).
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31786
18
Wilks, Mark L. "Postrural ministry leading church transformation in the changing rural environment /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p002-0835.
19
Miah, Shah Jahan. "An Ontology Based Design Environment for Rural Business Decision Support." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367948.
Анотація:
Decision support systems (DSS) provide appropriate information for making effective
decisions relevant to business needs. DSS development technologies however, have
shown limited success in many problem areas, including rural business applications.
DSS developed for rural business decision makers have been limited by a range of
issues. These include low user uptake, retaining rigid analyses in the face of changing
industry needs, and the need for ongoing reengineering effort to incorporate new
information in the current system. User factors such as a limited fit with their specific
context of decision making problems, differences in problem definition between users
and designers, and poor usability, generally only compound this situation. Such issues
have led to the low adoption rate of DSS within the rural sector.
A review of the available literature reveals a significant gap in finding technical
solutions for these problems. While there are several approaches to developing DSS
including expert systems, model-based systems, hybrid systems and user-developed
systems, each has limitations. Expert systems do not support fully functional DSS
development and their well-known limitations include obsolescence and lack of context
sensitivity. Whilst model-based and hybrid decision systems may overcome some
limitations, they do not represent knowledge in forms that typical end users can
understand. On the other hand, while end-user developed applications reportedly
achieve higher user uptake, they suffer from local subjectivity, quality and business
alignment issues. End-user development is also often associated with risks including
data disarticulation, threats to data integrity and security, and the inability to
interoperate with other systems. From a practical viewpoint, current DSS development
approaches also fail to accommodate rapidly changing factors necessary for effective
decision making in rural businesses. These factors include external markets regulation
and legislation, and new scientific discoveries. Despite significant need for decision
support, no prior research has satisfactorily addressed these problems.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
Full Text
20
Chung, Wai-hong Laurence. "Level of success of the statutory planning system in preserving & guiding development of our rural environment /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20667590.
21
Mueller, Jessica Anne. "Safety evaluation of a medic's work environment during rural emergency response." Thesis, Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/mueller/MuellerJ0511.pdf.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of emergency medical service working conditions, and to develop recommendations to aid in minimizing harmful actions and behaviors inherent in EMS work. The naturalistic data collected in this study allowed researchers to perform analysis in a rural emergency driving environment to identify contributing factors to attending medic behavior, severity of biomechanical forces experienced in the driver and patient compartment, and an evaluation of emergency medical response safety culture. Based upon research findings, the project includes development of a series of environmental, ergonomic, policy, or training recommendations to mitigate circumstances that cause potentially unsafe operations in the driver's and patient's compartment of the ambulance. This study used naturalistic data and video, survey responses, focus groups, and agency patient care records to analyze the rural medics' working environment during emergency patient transportation. Accelerometer data was analyzed for 102 separate emergency transports to provide descriptive statistics relevant to whole-body vibration experienced by the medics during patient care. Five years of patient care records were analyzed to identify specific patient illnesses and medical procedures associated with traveling in emergency response mode. Restraint compliance rates were collected for both self-reported (21.5% restrained) and observed (2.6% restrained) data collection methods. Focus groups identified factors influencing medics' choice to be unrestrained, characterized by a reduced ability to provide patient care, the belief that restraint devices will cause harm to the medics, and the belief that the restraint devices are ineffective in a crash situation. Finally, reach analysis was conducted to highlight the procedures and equipment retrieval which require the medics to assume positions resulting in awkward and unstable postures during transport. The results of this study will add to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the behaviors of EMS workers in a real work setting, will aid in understanding the complexities of EMS safety culture, and can be applied toward different aspects of EMS work such as driver or medic training.
22
Husser, Erica Kathryn. "Nature as Nurture: Rural Older Women's Perspectives on The Natural Environment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39337.
Анотація:
The natural environment is a dynamic context for human development, but current lifestyles and activities are threatening the quality and supply of natural resources, and changing the conditions of the atmosphere. Older adults in the United States have been called upon to contribute their energy to volunteer efforts aimed at improving environmental conditions, but little is known about how or if older adults would be willing to take part. Informed by place attachment and attention restoration theory, and guided by the life course framework of human development, the purpose of this qualitative investigation was to deepen understanding about how a nature trajectory is established and the factors that influence the relationship between humans and nature over time.
Interviews were conducted with 34 older rural women who ranged in aged from 71 to 91 years old (mean age 79). Seventeen of the women were living alone and nine lived below the poverty threshold. Using grounded theory coding and analysis techniques, two major findings emerged from the data: the women valued nature for spiritual and psychological reasons, and nature was suffering as a result of a wasteful and destructive economic paradigm. Half of the women's nature trajectories changed over time; trajectories remained positive and stable for the others. As God's creation, the natural environment informed their sense of self and bolstered their psychological well-being. They cared about environmental problems, but were unaware of what they could do to help.Ph. D.
23
Tsai, Chih-Wei. "Riverine thermal environment and ecological function across a rural-urban gradient." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5279/.
24
McGoy, Shanell Larice. "THE NUTRITION ENVIRONMENT IN RURAL SOUTHERN ILLINOIS: AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/689.
Анотація:
A food desert is defined as "a low-income census tract where a substantial number or share of residents has low access to a supermarket or large grocery store," (USDA, ERS, 2011). The purpose of this study was to examine how African-American residents of a rural food desert navigate their nutrition environment to obtain the foods they eat. Twenty-four in-depth interviews with 17 African-American men and seven African-American women were conducted in Alexander County and Pulaski County, Illinois. The interviews ascertained ways in which individuals navigate the nutrition environment. A quantitative assessment of the availability, price, and quality of African-American culturally-preferred dried legumes (beans), fresh fruits, and fresh vegetables was conducted with the customized Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey-Stores (NEMS-S) in 27 food venues (stores) (Glanz et al., 2007). The qualitative data was coded, categories were established, and themes were derived. The qualitative data analysis software, ATLAS.ti, 7.0 was used in the study. The quantitative data analyses were completed using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc, 2009). The availability and quality of food items were measured with a customized NEMS Scoring Sheet for Stores. The prices of food items were compared among the food venues (stores). Data obtained from interviews and food venues (stores) data were triangulated. Culturally-preferred foods remain a dietary staple. Fruit was often given as a snack to children. Changes in diet to address health problems were described as well as specific modifications to diet were made to traditionally southern and African-American food preparation. Family history and food practices that maintained the same flavors in childhood were important. Cultural traditions like gardening were also important. The respondents often settled for the convenience of food available in the area. The mean availability score was highest in the "Big Box Stores" and lowest in the gas stations-convenience stores-food marts. Prices were generally the lowest in the "Big Box Stores" and highest in the grocery stores. The "Big Box Stores" had the best quality food items. Coordinating shopping trips, carpooling, and gardening, community sharing, were ways challenges in the nutrition environment were managed. Limits of the nutrition environment were further managed through roadside markets, mobile sources, and pantries or give-a-ways. Health educators can better plan, implement, and administer culturally-appropriate interventions and strategies as well as strengthen social, environmental, and political factors that empower residents of the rural nutrition environment.
25
Dabi, Daniel Davou. "Water use in the rural economy of a semi-arid environment : a northern Nigeria case study /." *McMaster only, 1998.
26
Frets, Erwin C. "Thermo-mechanical evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle in extensional environment : Insights from the Beni Bousera peridotite massif (Rif belt, Morocco)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20090/document.
Анотація:
Les processus de déformation contrôlant l'amincissement de la lithosphère continentale sont encoremal contraints. Nos connaissances sont principalement basées sur la modélisation thermomécaniqued'extension à l'échelle de la lithosphere—utilisant des lois rhéologiques derivées expérimentalement,l'imagerie géophysique et l'analyse de xénolithes provenant de rift continentaux actifs à ce jour, tels quele Rift Est-Africain. L'originalité de ce travail reside dans l'étude des deux plus grands massifs depéridotites sous-continentales ayant enregistrées des conditions primaires du facies à diamant: lesmassifs de Beni Bousera au nord du Maroc et de Ronda au sud de l'Espagne, respectivement. Lesstructures et la zonation petrologique et métamorphique —impliquant une évolution polybarique etpolythermique— préservéees dans ces massifs offrent une opportunité unique pour étudier l'évolutionthermo-mécanique du manteau sous-continental dans un contexte extensif.Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié les mécanismes de déformation des péridotites et despyroxénites afin de contraindre les modes d'exhumation du manteau lithosphérique sous-continental,depuis des conditions du facies des lherzolites à grenat, jusqu'au facies à spinelle et enfin à plagioclase.Nous avons combiné la cartographie des faciès tectono-métamorphiques et des structures ductiles dedéformation, l'analyse des microstructures, la mesure d'orientations préférentielles de réseau (OPR), etla géothermobarométrie conventionelle couplée à la modélisation thermodynamique (PerpleX) afin decontraindre les conditions de pression et température de la déformation. Nous avons montré quel'exhumation précoce du facies à grenat au facies à spinelle était accomodée par une faille transtensiveaffectant le manteau lithosphérique. Dans ce contexte, la zonation tectono-métamorphique et legradient thermique important (ca. 100ºC/km) préservés à Beni Bousera résultent de la juxtapositionmécanique de domaines lithosphériques initialement équilibrés à différentes pressions et températures,fossilisée à une profondeur de ca. 60 km durant l'Oligocène supérieur (ca. 25 Ma). L'exhumation finaledu facies de lherzolite à spinelle au facies à plagioclase et l'emplacement final dans la croûte, mieuxenregistrés dans Ronda, se sont produits par inversion et plissement de la section lithosphériquefortement amincie dans un contexte arrière-arc, probablement lors du retrait vers le sud de lalithosphère subduite et la collision de l'arc avec les paléo-marges maghrébines au Miocène inférieur(21-23 Ma)The mantle deformation processes that control the thinning and break-up of continentallithosphere remain poorly understood. Our knowledge is restricted to either lithospheric scalethermo-mechanical models —that use experimentally derived flow laws—, geophysicalimaging and/or rare xenoliths from active continental rifts, such as the East African Rift System.The originality of this work relies on the study of the two largest outcrops of diamond faciessubcontinental lithospheric mantle in the world: the Beni Bousera and Ronda peridotite massifsin N Morocco and S Spain, respectively. The structures and petrologic and metamorphic zoningpreserved in these massifs —implying a polybaric and polythermal evolution— provide aunique opportunity to investigate the thermo-mechanical evolution of thick subcontinentallithospheric mantle in extensional settings.In this thesis we studied the deformation mechanisms in both peridotites andpyroxenites to constrain the modes of exhumation of subcontinental lithospheric mantle fromgarnet-, to spinel-, and finally, to plagioclase lherzolite facies conditions. We combined fieldmapping of tectono-metamorphic domains and structural mapping of ductile structures,microstructural analysis, crystal preferred orientations (CPO) measurements and conventionalthermobarometric calculations and thermodynamic modeling (Perple_X) to unravel the pressureand temperature conditions of deformation. We showed that exhumation from garnet- to spinellherzolite facies conditions was accommodated by fast shearing —in thermal disequilibrium—along a lithospheric scale transtensional shear zone. In this context, the petrological zoning andthe large temperature gradient (ca. 100ºC/km) preserved in the Beni Bousera massif representthe mechanical juxtaposition of progressively deeper and hotter lithospheric levels at depths ofca. 60 km in the latest Oligocene (ca. 25 Ma). Final exhumation from spinel- to plagioclasefacies lherzolite and emplacement into the crust is best recorded in the Ronda massif where itoccurred by inversion and lithospheric scale folding of the highly attenuated continentallithosphere in a back-arc region, probably in relation with southward slab rollback andsubsequent collision with the palaeo-Maghrebien passive margin in the early Miocene (21-23Ma)
27
Taji, Mona El. "Rural women, the environment and nonformal education in countries of the South." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26338.
Анотація:
Over the ages, rural women in subsistence and near-subsistence economies have maintained a sustainable relationship with the environment. This has been manifested in their different roles as users, producers, managers, and income providers. However, the introduction of Western-style development emulating the growth patterns of the North has not only overlooked the needs of the environment but also the needs and knowledge of women. The uninhibited exploitation of nature through development has started eroding the environment. In addition, with the marginalization of women from development schemes, women's cultural, social, economic, and legal status has regressed even further than it was. With no appropriate education, these women have been left defenceless in their confrontation with a changing and frequently adverse environment.Although literature abounds with studies on women, education, and the environment, few studies attempt to link the three together within the framework of sustainable development. This information gap seems to have hindered development projects from implementing education programs targeting women and focusing on the environment.
This study seeks to fill this information gap. Based on rural women's holistic vision of development, it highlights the necessity of empowering women with a participatory, multifaceted, and integrated nonformal education, which targets gender equity as well as environmental protection and regeneration.
28
Qian, Jie M. Arch Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Old canal new water architecture : rethinking water heritage tourism in rural environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103435.
Анотація:
Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 130-131).
In the context of growing cultural tourism, water heritage becomes a unique topic for its inherently multi-scale cultural, social and environmental aspects; and its potential to become a "living heritage" by incorporating local participation in a comprehensive development. This is nowhere clearer than in China, where rapid development in urban and rural area and large scale state sponsored water infrastructure project creates the tension between heritage conservation, local economy and environment protection. Currently, there're very few examples how architecture and landscape design can address this tension and potential. The thesis develops a twofold argument for an interdisciplinary water problem: From the hydro-social and geo-political perspective, the thesis continues to investigate the question raised by Karl August Wittfogel and his successors: how can a centralized state use water infrastructure as an apparatus for coordination and political control and how the folk develop their own social norm and cultural custom in adaption to the state project? From the architectural and cultural-geographic perspective, it embraces the indeterminacy and duality of water metaphorically and materially, following Charles Moore's trajectory. The thesis seeks to establish a mutual benefit relationship between the state and the folk by integrating cultural tourism in a water infrastructural development; And to develop a new water architecture which express the essence of temporality in materiality and stimulate the "living heritage" through community engagement.
by Jie Qian.
M. Arch.
29
Kim, Jiyoung. "Effects of institutional environment and social capital on rural consumers' inshopping behavior." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218208482.
30
Mattson, Jeremy. "Innovative Approach to Estimating Demand for Intercity Bus Services in a Rural Environment." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25945.
Анотація:
Because existing models have their limitations, there is a significant need for a model to estimate demand for intercity bus services, especially in rural areas. The general objective of this research was to develop an intercity mode choice model that can be incorporated into a statewide travel demand model to estimate demand for rural intercity bus services. Four intercity transportation modes were considered in the study: automobile, bus, rail, and air. A stated preference survey was conducted of individuals across the state of North Dakota, and a mixed logit model was developed to estimate a mode choice model. Results from the mode choice model showed the significant impacts of individual, trip, and mode characteristics on choice of mode. Gender, age, income, disability, trip purpose, party size, travel time, travel cost, and access distance were all found to have significant impacts on mode choice, and traveler attitudes were also found to be important. The study demonstrated how the mode choice model can be incorporated into a statewide travel demand model, and intercity bus mode shares were estimated for origin-destination pairs within the state. Alternative scenarios were analyzed to show how mode shares would change under different conditions or service characteristics. This study was conducted in the largely rural state of North Dakota, but results could be transferable to other areas with similar geographic characteristics.U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)
31
Mansfield, Lois T. "Land diversion and environmental management in Eastern England." Thesis, Coventry University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386954.
32
Gruffudd, Rolant Pyrs. "Landscape and nationhood : tradition and modernity in rural Wales, 1900-1950." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6937.
Анотація:
This thesis examines different understandings of 'landscape' in Wales between 1900 and 1950, and the implications of these 'ways of seeing' for questions of nationhood and national identity. The bridge between these conceptual and political realms is the practice of rural planning as developed and applied in Wales. The Introduction sets the thesis in the context of work on national identity and the idea of landscape, and discusses the notion of modernity. It closes by outlining the understandings of landscape which run through the body of this thesis - landscape as 'scenery', 'environment' and 'territory'. Section One examines the evolution of planning in Wales. Chapter One identifies four individuals who represent themes of sustained importance in the development of this modernist discipline. All four were involved in the founding of the Council for the Preservation of Rural Wales (C.P.R.W.) in 1928. The C.P.R.W. is the focus of Chapter Two in which planning ideals and notions of scenic order are seen applied to the Welsh countryside. Consistent themes in the C.P.R.W.'s approach are identified, and their success is evaluated. Section Two addresses the work of others active in the study and planning of rural Wales, but from a perspective less concerned with the visual construct of landscape. Chapter Three examines the work of geographers and other academics, primarily in University College Aberystwyth, who constructed in their work a picture of rural Wales as a repository of both ancient artefacts and contemporary civilising values. Welsh history and society had, they argued, been shaped by its geography and environment. These academics' attempts to plan rural society according to their ideals is considered. Academic work informed the campaigns of the Welsh Nationalist Party, Plaid Cymru, which is discussed in Chapter Four. The nationalists echoed this reverence for rural Wales, seeing it as the fount of national character. The evolution of a political philosophy around this sociological and territorial concern is examined in detail. Section Three examines conflicts between these groups and their philosophies of landscape in response to large-scale State planning. Chapter Five discusses wartime land requisitioning and its perceived challenges to the scenic, social and political integrity of rural Wales. Nationalist concern for the sovereignty of Welsh land emerges as the profoundest issue. Chapter Six considers the role of Wales in post-war reconstruction, with particular reference to debates on the subject of tourism and the holiday trades. Conflicting views as to the use Wales should make of its rural resources become evident. In the Conclusion, the emergence of the main themes surrounding landscape in rural Wales are summarised, and it is argued that the three ways of seeing have merged to some extent. The implications of a greater concern for environment and territory in planning are analysed, and some suggestions offered as to the role the discipline of geography might play in the process of shaping new landscapes and environments.
33
Chiquetto, Sergio Luiz. "Modelling the impacts of transport policies on the urban environment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363975.
34
Wong, Chin-yee. "The development of the rural economy in China and its impact on the environment since 1978 : a case study of Sichuan and Guangdong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25017433.
35
Cassol, Paulo Barrozo. "Saúde interface meio ambiente na localidade de Santo Antão – Santa Maria - RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11755.
Анотація:
This study aimed to know the residents of Santo Antão district perception in relation to the health interface environment. It was based on qualitative research, and 14 interviews realized from October to November 2016. Theoretic analysis was used where four categories emerged, to known: waste treatment centers and prisons: health and environmental reflectivity in the perception of the community of Santo Antão; The ambience and reflectivity in your health, in the context of Santo Antão community; Public Health and the use of medicinal plants as possible approach; The natural environment, the countryside as a promoting of the quality of life in the of Santo Antão community. It is concluded that the sanitation almost nonexistent, the poor roads, the work and the public transport which does not meet the local demand, the difficulties of access to specialized health treatment, point out how low the level of social development of the region, resulting in impacts on health. Endogenous actions of the location as: occupational activities, meals with products without use of pesticides, use of medicinal plants are evidence of the concern with the health through self-care; adding to the tranquility, closeness with nature and feelings of identity with the region indicate that the processes related both to health as the diseases are a result in large part of interactions between individuals and your ambience.Este estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção dos moradores do Distrito de Santo Antão em relação à saúde interface meio ambiente. O estudo baseou-se em pesquisa qualitativa, e para qual foram realizada 14 entrevistas no período de outubro e novembro de 2016. Utilizou-se a análise categorial de conteúdo, onde emergiram quatro categorias, a saber: Os centros de tratamento de resíduos e o prisional: reflexibilidade ambiental e na saúde na percepção da comunidade de Santo Antão; A ambiência e sua reflexibilidade na saúde, na perspectiva da comunidade Santo Antão; Saúde Pública e o uso de plantas medicinais uma aproximação possível; O meio natural, o rural como potencializador da qualidade de vida sob o olhar da comunidade Santo Antão. Conclui-se que, o saneamento básico quase inexistente, as estradas precárias, o trabalho e o transporte público que não atende a demanda local, as dificuldades de acesso a tratamento de saúde especializado, apontam como baixo o nível de desenvolvimento social da região, resultado em impactos na saúde. Ações endógenas da localidade como: atividades ocupacionais, alimentação com produtos sem uso de agrotóxicos, uso de plantas medicinais evidenciam a preocupação com a saúde por meio do autocuidado; somando-se a tranquilidade, a proximidade com a natureza e sentimentos de identidade com a região, apontam que os processos relacionados tanto a saúde como a doenças são resultantes em grande parte das interações entre os indivíduos e a sua ambiência.
36
Abdulai, Awudu Abdulai Awudu Abdulai Awudu Abdulai Awudu. "The impacts of policy environment on rural-urban linkages : the case of Ghana /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10493.
37
Baskan, Emine Gizem. "The Role Of Architectural Heritage In The Rural Built Environment: A Case Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609988/index.pdf.
Анотація:
The built environment has mostly evolved under the influence of cultural heritage and has been shaped in response to our needs and resources. However, rapid changes have occurred in this environment with the impacts of globalization and mass production. The impact of these changes threatens to obliterate the unique character of rural settlements, which unlike urban areas still possess cultural identity.
The aim of this study was to investigate the sustainable transmission of rural building heritage to prosperitythe potential of its adaptation for new settlements
and the interpretation of designing new houses in the light of traditional ones
as an integral part of sustainable rural development. To this end, a case study was conducted in the village of Gü
zelö
z in Kayseri, where the transition from historical to contemporary styles and techniques was readily observable. The principles for effectively implementing projects which relate to the preservation and transmission of rural heritage have been formulated in the European Rural Heritage Observation Guide (ERHOG), which was initiated by Committee of Senior Officials of the European Conference of Ministers Responsible for Regional Planning/Spatial Planning (CEMAT) and the Village Design Statement (VDS) Packs, which were initiated by the Community Councils in United Kingdom (UK). The new development in Gü
zelö
z village, as carried out by the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (PWS) together with additions and alterations to existing traditional houses, were studied to understand the changing needs of the villagers. A comparative analysis was made between the level of satisfaction for both the traditional houses and post-disaster houses (PDH). An evaluation according to the ERHOG and VDS criteria was conducted for both types of houses regarding the relation of buildings with their immediate vicinity
use of materials
functional requirements
and constructional concerns. The results showed the importance of the recognition and promotion of cultural heritage to create an appropriate built environment.
38
Taha, Elhag Elsiddig. "Sustainability in the rural built environment : vernacular architecture of the Gezira Area/Sudan." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/683.
Анотація:
The Gezira area of the Sudan saw the construction of one of the major agricultural schemes in Africa in the beginning of the twentieth century (1925). The construction of this scheme led to a development of two different rural models of settlement: the colonial model established by the British Governors at the time and the traditional vernacular model built organically by the local people; the farmers who are the main stakeholder of the scheme. Through time the local settlements have been subjected to changes in many aspects of housing design and quality. In the Sudan, the need to reorganize the organic villages is a critical issue, but government planning initiatives failed to pay attention to the simple planning issues of the organic settlements within their planning processes. The recognition of the simplicity and humbleness of the rural traditional villages may be itself a merit to those settlements that adapted themselves to changing conditions of many factors such as changing environment, changing socio-cultural behaviour and changing spatial arrangements and persist in competing with the planned organized agricultural scheme, which has exerted influential limitations on their development. These architectural changes - in settlement patterns, structure, and in the external appearance of the local houses - indicate the complexity of their causes. We are trying to understand the changes that the relationships of spaces and society have conveyed. The basic focus will be on the relationship between the socio-cultural factors and the built environment at three levels of development: regional settlement, local settlement and dwelling. To achieve this aim a systematic approach is used to investigate the relationship of socio-cultural behaviour with the built environment as it has evolved in the Gezira area of the Sudan. The analytical approach includes aspects of history and sociocultural factors that could expose the complex relationships between the settlement patterns, houses and their users. A second important feature of this research is its comparative character. The comparative characters of the planned settlement of the agricultural scheme, the organic settlement and the new extension of the organic village may explain the socio-cultural relationships. The research, also, contributes to explain the impact of built environment infrastructures and the planning interventions processes carried out by the Government to organise the organic vernacular settlements on the Gezira settlements. The research explores a wide range of literature and information resources to address these issues and draw a conceptual framework. The Gezira area is taken as a case study as it is characterised by different types of settlements that have emerged within the fabric of a developed agricultural scheme. Data collected for a case study of two space domains representing two types of settlements is used to consolidate the information used in the research. The thesis provides evidence that, working empirically; people are well able to navigate themselves to shape resources nearer to the realisation of their values. Evidence that at least tells us there are many ways in which to make a home meaningful, sustainable and far from rural deprivation. These ways could be reflected within the traditional vernacular architecture.
39
Liber, Briony Frances. "Urbanisation and the environment in Namibia : policy implications of the rural-urban relationship." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9569.
Анотація:
Includes bibliography.Central to a policy for sustainable urbanisation in Namibia, is the recognition of rural-urban relationships. The cross cutting spatial and sectoral issues, of circular migration need to be incorporated in an urbanisation policy. Government policies based on the assumptions of linear development theories such as 'urban bias', which isolate rural from urban as two mutually exclusive areas, mask the fact that poverty is experienced by urban and rural dwellers alike. At the crux of sustainable urbanisation in Namibia, is the ability of urban areas to absorb rapidly urbanising populations by way of provision of adequate urban infrastructure and services, housing and employment opportunities. In tum, this requires appropriate urban local governance, management and planning. The adoption of approaches which embody flexibility, adaptability, cooperation between the urban roleplayers, and speed of response are key to a sustainable urban environment. In the absence of urban conditions which can support a rapidly increasing population, migrants and the urban poor are forced to maintain a foothold in both rural and urban areas as a mechanism of risk diversification and survival. Mere survival, as embodied in circular migration in Namibia, does not suggest a process which can attain economic, social and biophysical sustainability. The implication is that the longer the conditions of circular migration remain entrenched in Namibia, the less likely the attainment of conditions of sustainability, and the more likely the further degradation of the environment, which ironically would probably further necessitate the split of households across the spatial continuum. Policies, such as Namibia's National Resettlement Policy, which target beneficiaries spatially and sectorally, tend not to have the expected benefits of poverty alleviation, and instead, often unintentionally, have the disbenefit of further entrenching poverty and circular migration. Fundamental then, to the sustainability of urbanisation in Namibia, is the integration of rural, urban and environmental policies, in turn requiring multi-sectoral and multi-spatial policies based on a thorough understanding of the forces underpinning circular migration.
40
Lei, Michael. "Factors Affecting Deployment Strategies for an LMDS System in a Rural Commercial Environment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32789.
Анотація:
The recent allocation and auctioning of the largest spectrum currently available has positioned Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) technology as a major contender in the race to provide broadband connectivity to customers. With the focus on solving the â Last Mileâ problem, LMDS provides a significant reduction in both the time it takes for system deployment as well as the cost of the implementation. However, as with all emerging technologies, the lack of standardization and the risks involved in being the pioneer of an emerging market have resulted in a slower commercialization of such systems.
The issues mentioned above served as the catalyst for this paper, to examine the factors that affect deployment strategies for an LMDS system in a rural commercial environment. In order to provide a better understanding of this technology, a review on the background issues in the areas of terrain, coverage/capacity, and networking will be presented. By evaluating these criteria, a strategy that can be employed to facilitate the implementation of LMDS systems is generated. Finally, the application of these methodologies will be demonstrated on a case study performed for a commercial environment in the county of South Boston, Virginia. Through evaluating the possible designs and the feasibility of the business case, it was determined that a point-to-multipoint system will best match the needs of the proposed location.Master of Science
41
Henley, Shauna. "Rural Vermont: the Food Environment and Cooking Practices As An Implication for Health." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2010. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/106.
Анотація:
The primary aim of this research was to investigate cooking practices and cooking knowledge in a rural environment, as well as learn how the kitchen environment may reflect and/or shape an individual‘s process when creating a meal. Qualitative methods were implemented allowing for the data to be triangulated. The research methods used included a semi-structured interview, participant questionnaire, and videotaping dinner time meal preparations by the primary meal preparer on two separate occasions. Emergent themes about the role of the rural food environment began to develop surrounding how respondents procure food. The rural Vermonter relied on using home gardens, farmers‘ markets, and community supported agriculture to procure food. Another theme that emerged was the role of the primary meal preparer, or the ―nutritional gatekeeper.‖ The nutritional gatekeeper was a huge component in controlling family meals and portion sizes inside, and outside the home, and the ingredients used in homemade meals. All rural respondents had some degree of cooking skills that began at a young age. Their skills were honed over time by necessity and/or curiosity. Rural respondents had general nutrition knowledge that was evident by their definition of a healthy meal, and procuring the freshest ingredients. The kitchen space was less of an influential factor when creating a meal than initially anticipated, but was the processing center where procured food items were crafted into a meal. The theme surrounding the environment and local foods strengthens the 21st century‘s shift of what consumers are demanding from the Nation‘s food system. Understanding how nutritional gatekeepers choose to prepare meals, and the influence of their food environment on the meal thought process, may make the domestic home a platform to disseminate healthful cooking practices. This study concluded an ongoing ethnographic study investigating peoples cooking practices, and cooking knowledge in an urban (Boston metropolis), suburban (Burlington, VT), and rural (Franklin and Lamoille County, VT) environments as an implication towards health.
42
Chahine, Elias, and William Lewin. "Evaluation of Peer-to-Peer LoRa for Geolocation Usage in a Rural Environment." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254628.
Анотація:
With the increased popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) and vehicle tracking, long range communication alternatives become essential for connecting a large number of units in a network.In areas where no coverage from existing technologies is available such as rural areas, the need for a solution presents itself. This thesis aims to examine the validity of using a Peer-to-Peer network structure to send geolocation information among nodes in a network using the Long Range (LoRa) protocol as opposed to using Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) structure. The research question that was used was the following: “Can LoRa be used for P2P networking to exchange geolocation messages in rural areas?”By developing two modules using Raspberry Pi and Dragino LoRa/GPS shields, a prototype system could be created in order to test the performance of the network. The modules were tested in a rural area outside of Stockholm, Sweden.Together with field test data from the prototype and existing network loss models the network performance was evaluated. Due to testing conditions a theoretical maximum communication range of around 12 km was established using this data. Therefore using Peer-to-Peer LoRa for geolocation purposes in rural areas was concluded viable.Sakernas internet och fordonsspårning är två trender som ökar i popularitet i en rasande fart. Med detta ökar kraven på fler kommunikationsalternativ för att koppla upp ett stort antal enheter i ett nätverk med en lång räckvidd.I områden såsom på landsbygden kan täckning av nuvarande teknologier kan vara bristfällande. För att lösa detta problem presenterar detta arbete en föreslagen lösning. Målet med arbetet är att undersöka giltigheten i att använda en Peer-to-Peer nätverksstruktur för att skicka platsinformation inom ett nätverk med hjälp av Long Range (LoRa)-protokollet. I tidigare arbeten har detta mestadels gjorts med hjälp av ett Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). Frågan som undersöktes i arbetet var följande: ”Kan LoRa användas för P2P nätverkande för att utbyta platsinformation i landsbygdsområden?”För att undersöka giltigheten av denna idé utvecklades en prototyp i form av två moduler som använder sig av varsin Raspberry Pi och Dragino LoRa/GPS tillägg. Dessa system kunde senare användas för att testas i ett landsbygdsområde utanför Stockholm.Tillsammans med data från fälttester med prototypen och modeller över fädning i ett nätverk utvärderades nätverkets prestanda. På grund av förhållanden i testmiljön bestämdes en teoretisk maximal räckvidd på runt 12 km. Med denna information dras slutsatsen att användandet av Peerto-Peer LoRa för platsinformation i landsbygdsområden är giltigt.
43
Hickey, Hannah F. "THE SCHOOL FOOD ENVIRONMENT AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DIETARY INTAKE AMONG RURAL ADOLESCENTS." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/56.
Анотація:
The school food environment has the ability to increase the consumption of fruit and vegetables in rural adolescents. This study used a survey to allow adolescents in seven rural counties to self-report their fruit and vegetable intake as well as utilizing the USDA Mathematica tool and the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study audits to evaluate what food and beverage products were actually available to adolescents. By using these two measures, associations between fruit and vegetable intake and availability of healthy and unhealthy foods were determined. The availability of healthy snacks and beverages was found to be associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake in adolescents (p < 0.001); the availability of unhealthy snacks and beverages was associated with fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents (p < 0.001); the school marketing of water bottle stations and/or water dispenser availability was associated with sugar- sweetened beverage intake in adolescents (p < 0.001). Increasing the availability and school marketing of healthy foods and beverages in rural schools may be an effective way to improve fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescents.
44
Pugh, Patricia Ann. "Outside danger : children's independent mobility and perceptions of risk in the lived environment." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324591.
45
Chisenga, B. "Project maintenance : the case of rural drinking-water in Malawi." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/32859/.
Анотація:
There is an investment of hand-pump technology to improve provision of safe drinking-water for the stakeholder end-users in rural sub-Saharan regions of Africa, yet there are challenges to maintain the assets. In rural drinking-water projects, end-users also assume the responsibility of hand-pump maintenance after projects are handed over to them by project sponsors. This study uses a realist philosophy to analyse the issues that hinder or facilitate effective end-user participation in a successful maintenance of drinking-water projects in Nkhoma and Bvumbwe, Lilongwe and Thyolo Districts of Malawi respectively. Data collection was done by employing secondary data (literature review) and primary data collection using documents, observation, and interviews to establish factors facilitating or inhibiting hand-pump maintenance. Interviews which were the main data collection instrument, recruited 12 Convergence Interviews (CI), followed by 39 Individual Case Interviews (ICIs) and two sets of Focus Groups (FGs) in operational and non-functional hand-pumps. CI processes developed categories related to hand-pump maintenance factors and associated challenges. The CI developed maintenance categories were further cross checked in ICIs that used semi-structured interviews and finally confirmed in FGs, documentary and observational analysis. Convergence Interviews data was analysed using a matrix while ICIs were analysed using likert-type ranking scales to identify the most occurring hand-pump maintenance factors. Focus Groups, observations and documents used content analysis to analyse the hand-pump maintenance factors. Results show that end-users maintain small- medium hand-pumps faults effectively if they pay a contribution towards maintenance costs and if local political structures are trained to repair the hand-pumps. Moreover, the study identifies lack of sponsor supports as the main factor leading to failure in the management of major faults and hand-pump rehabilitation, as this is beyond local capacity technically as well as economically. Hence, the study introduces a business approach to improving hand-pump maintenance by recommending some minimum standards on the demand-side (end-user level) as well as the supply-side (project sponsor and policy levels).
46
Li, Xiangyu. "Rural Organic Waste Treatment System Design and Analysis-Based on Vermicomposting Technology." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-108329.
Анотація:
Rural organic waste is becoming a problem in developing countries due to lack of financial and technological support comparing with situation in urban area. A rural organic waste treatment system was designed utilizing vermicomposting technology to treat organic waste generated in rural area. ROWATS is a theoretical facility to treat rural organic wastes in Shandong Peninsula, China where cow dung and domestic organic waste are disposed freely. Theoretical demonstration shows that ROWATS can treat 1,200 kg of organic wastes daily and produce around 20 tons of vermicast and 800 kg of earthworm body and larvae every month. Products of ROWATS can be used as soil fertilizer, fish bait, and biopharmaceuticals and so on. Sufficient financial support is the most important factor for ROWATS in rural area. Cost-Benefit Analysis and Net Present Value Calculation were made to assess the feasibility of ROWATS. Results showed that ROWATS is a profitable project in terms of 2 years and 5 years. Sensitivity Analysis is also applied to evaluate the impact of different factors variation on ROWATS, of which result shows price and productivity variation of products can affect the profit of ROWATS more significantly comparing with cost changes. Hence, operator should keep products production stable. ROWATS can also improve the environmental and hygienic impacts through reduction of leakages, odor and bacteria and virus infection from flies, mosquitoes and other poisonous species.
47
Johnson, Gillian. "Implementing the Rural Development Regulation in South West England : exploring the potential for sustainability in rural land use through policy design." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2004. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3118/.
Анотація:
The first concern of this thesis was to explore the extent to which implementation of the Rural Development Regulation (RDR) in South West England reflected a genuine move towards greater integration and discretion, and thus a more sustainable approach to rural land use in the regions. The second concern focused on the implementing structures and mechanisms of the England Rural Development Programme (ERDP) and their capacity to deliver sustainability in rural land use (SiRLU). These concerns highlighted the normative/empirical dilemma of policy formulation and implementation, where the rhetoric of policy is rarely mirrored in practice. Exploration using a policy design framework rooted in a critical methodology revealed a multiple normative/empirical problem where the three main policy documents concerned (the RDR, the ERDP National Plan and the ERDP South West Regional Chapter) each had very different and sometimes conflicting goals for rural development and inadequate means for ensuring commensurable outcomes. The exploration also revealed that the policy design process in this case exacerbated the normative/empirical dichotomy in four main areas: policy goals and objectives; communication; the assumptions of policy makers; and interpretation. The thesis was situated in the context of the evolving European rural development agenda, where factions were competing over different definitions of rural development, and sustainability as a policy issue had receded. Identification of the research problem drew out the differences between the Agenda 2000 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and previous CAP reforms, highlighting the opportunities potentially offered by the RDR for sustainable rural futures, and the risks involved with the interpretation of the Regulation in England by a largely agriculturally-based department in a strongly market-based economy. The thesis concludes that integration and discretion, elements identified as being tenets of SiRLU, will not play a central role in the delivery of rural development through the new RDR proposals for 2007.
48
Van, Doorn Elena. "Responsible tourism in rural South Africa: lessons from two case studies on the Wild Coast." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31325.
Анотація:
In Post-Apartheid South Africa tourism was seen as an important tool for economic development and poverty alleviation, especially in rural communities. The term Responsible Tourism was adopted by government in the 1996 White Paper and encouraged tourism that creates competitive advantage, maintains natural, social and cultural diversity and promotes sustainable use of local resources. This study looks at two case studies on the Wild Coast of South Africa, namely; Coffee Shack in Coffee Bay and Bulungula Lodge in Nqileni, which have both been awarded for their responsible tourism efforts. Through a review of the literature, document analysis and semi-structured interviews, this thesis identified a set of responsible tourism criteria applicable to tourism ventures in rural South Africa, while also identifying some of the challenges that come with tourism development in rural areas. The study discusses how responsible tourism approaches and practices can enable not only job opportunities, but also contribute to improving basic living conditions and enhance education and skills development of local communities. Gaining ownership of the tourism venture, meaningful participation of local communities in management and decision making, equal power relations as well as sharing in the benefits were all found to be important enablers in the case studies. A responsible tourism approach also focuses on promoting sound environmental management practices, including respect for local cultures, institutions and local knowledge, thereby contributing to biodiversity conservation efforts and promoting sustainable livelihoods. The study recognised how partnerships with government and NGOs can enable better implementation of responsible tourism policies and approaches, while monitoring results and accreditation can measure these benefits delivered to the economy, community and environment.
49
Mellow, Muriel 1960. "Defining work : gender, professional work, and the case of rural clergy." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36655.
Анотація:
The goal of this thesis is to question conventional definitions of work through the detailed study of a professional group---specifically rural clergy---whose work falls outside the parameters of accepted definitions of work. According to the feminist literature, work and non-work are differentiated typically by dichotomies which privilege a masculine model of work and devalue women's experience; thus, "real work" is defined as an activity which is paid rather than unpaid, public rather than private, instrumental and intellectual rather than emotional. Professional work definitions also obscure the way in which "work" relies on activities which are linked with the feminine in these dichotomies. Through in-depth qualitative interviews with rural clergy, I explore the extent to which women and men draw on these gendered dichotomies to define work. In some ways, the approach of clergy counters conventional work norms: for them, emotional labour is a priority, work is not limited to a specific time or place, and public and private lives frequently overlap. I demonstrate how clergy define their work in terms of obligation, context, visibility, and time. Furthermore, I also argue that clergy delineate work in terms which still reflect a masculinized work norm specific to their profession. This "clergy masculinized mode" professionalises emotional labour by separating it from the facilitating work of female volunteers; it assumes a worker free from domestic demands in order to fulfil professional obligations within a flexible time frame; and it overlooks how the overlap of the public and private spheres is sustained by the work of wives. Thus, delineating work is particularly problematic for female clergy because professional demands are confounded with demands for adjunct work typically performed by women. My findings (1) highlight alternative markers of work which are suggestive for feminist theory; (2) point to a gap in theorizing about the gendering of work when con
50
Malebye, Valerie Essie. "Learners' understanding of the impact of air pollution on the environment in rural communities." Diss., Pretroia : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08172005-111501/.