Статті в журналах: "Rural development projects – india – case studies"

1

Raju, Saraswati. "Limited Options—Rethinking Women’s Empowerment ‘Projects’ in Development Discourses: A Case from Rural India." Gender, Technology and Development 9, no. 2 (January 2005): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097185240500900205.

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Kaur, Harmandeep. "Challenges and Prospects for Organic Farming: A Case Study from India." Gyan Management Journal 17, no. 2 (July 11, 2023): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/gmj.2022.17.2.10.

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Several past studies have considered organic farming as it serves as a responsive sustainable approach to the rural development. This study emphasises and focuses on the opportunities and constraints in organic farming in context of India. There are several cost and marketing related problems specific to organic food. This study identify the following areas to addresss these problems in the country: develop a regional programme to address specific regional problems, take into account the unique conditions prevailing in the region; provide financial assistance for the effective implementation of organic projects and programmes, access to advanced technology, effective information sharing platforms. The organic movement’s capacity for adaptation and learning from past experiences will determine if organic farming is able to fully realise its capacity for fostering resilience( Milestad and Darnhofer, 2003).

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Murthy, C. S. H. N. "3rd ICTs and Society Meeting; Paper Session - Inequalities: social, economic and political; Paper 2: Media conver-gence and blogging in exposing corruption and fraud in India." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, no. 2 (June 26, 2010): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v8i2.218.

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The divide between the poor and the rich in India is getting wider and deeper day by day in the post globalization and privatization. It also sounds paradoxical to hear that the development whatever is happening in India is preceded by large scale corruption where the politicians and the bureaucrats in tandem and in perfect collusion are siphoning off billions of rupees meant for the rural development. But, none of these projects could escape the brunt of corruption in India. The paper deals with a few such stories of corruption as case studies that came to limelight and are placed in ‘convergent’ media either in the blogs of television channels or print media or on line web-portals such as face-book/twitter or on You Tube. The paper hypothesizes that the current level of exposure of corruption in 24x7 ‘convergent’ media is not adequate and would like to explore the ways and means of utilizing it (convergent media) more ‘socially effectively’ to totally curb/eliminate the corruption from the top to the lower level in the governance in India. This study therefore follows multiple methods of inquiry, besides the case studies, including surfing the existing web-portals/blogs for the mobilized public views on exposure of corruption through the ‘convergent’ media and conducting interviews with the convenience sample of media experts in the field as also analyzing the secondary documents (for case studies). The study is therefore a descriptive and qualitative communication research.

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Murthy, C. S. H. N. "3rd ICTs and Society Meeting; Paper Session - Inequalities: social, economic and political; Paper 2: Media conver-gence and blogging in exposing corruption and fraud in India." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, no. 2 (June 26, 2010): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol8iss2pp143-148.

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The divide between the poor and the rich in India is getting wider and deeper day by day in the post globalization and privatization. It also sounds paradoxical to hear that the development whatever is happening in India is preceded by large scale corruption where the politicians and the bureaucrats in tandem and in perfect collusion are siphoning off billions of rupees meant for the rural development. But, none of these projects could escape the brunt of corruption in India. The paper deals with a few such stories of corruption as case studies that came to limelight and are placed in ‘convergent’ media either in the blogs of television channels or print media or on line web-portals such as face-book/twitter or on You Tube. The paper hypothesizes that the current level of exposure of corruption in 24x7 ‘convergent’ media is not adequate and would like to explore the ways and means of utilizing it (convergent media) more ‘socially effectively’ to totally curb/eliminate the corruption from the top to the lower level in the governance in India. This study therefore follows multiple methods of inquiry, besides the case studies, including surfing the existing web-portals/blogs for the mobilized public views on exposure of corruption through the ‘convergent’ media and conducting interviews with the convenience sample of media experts in the field as also analyzing the secondary documents (for case studies). The study is therefore a descriptive and qualitative communication research.

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Stalker Prokopy, Linda. "Women's participation in rural water supply projects in India: is it moving beyond tokenism and does it matter?" Water Policy 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0007.

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Evidence supporting the claim that women's participation in large-scale rural water supply projects leads to improved project outcomes is largely limited to isolated case studies. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining data from 45 villages in two World Bank-assisted projects in India. Using data from a variety of sources, including water committee members, household surveys and focus groups, women's participation is quantified - what percentage actually attend meetings or are involved at higher levels of participation such as decision-making? While it is determined that, in some cases, female committee members are nominal, or token, participants, there is evidence that being on a local water committee helps women develop skills and confidence. Overall community participation is found to have a positive and significant relationship with different measures of project success; however, women's participation at the levels observed in this study is found to have no relationship to project success.

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Desai, Falguni Pankaj. "Environment Regulations and Trade in Environment Goods: The Case of India." Journal of Global Economy 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v15i2.585.

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The paper weaves together three strands of arguments which, favour trade in environment goods for achieving sustainable development and provides an analyses of potential for trade in environment goods in India. Firstly, there are different paths, models, tools for achieving sustainable development and green economy is one of them. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) defines a green economy as one that results in “improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities” (UNEP 2010). The report suggests trade in environment goods and service as one of the strategies towards achieving green economy and sustainable development. International trade is an important engine of development and sustained economic growth. Studies have shown that trade does lead to environment degradation, but trade in cleaner technologies and environment goods can play an important role in sustainable development. Trade can become a powerful vehicle for transferring environmental friendly technology between countries, paving way for sustainable development. India stands to benefit both, from importing environment goods to clean up its environment and exporting environment goods to the world, thus contributing to the goal of sustainable development. Secondly, the 2001 Doha Ministerial Declaration urged members to reduce or eliminate tariff and non-tariff barriers on environmental goods and services, paving way for a triple win situation for trade, the environment and development (WTO, 2001). The reduction or elimination of tariff and non tariff barriers would increase trade in environmental goods which, can help mitigate the adverse impact of increased economic activity on environment. The quality of life of citizens would improve due to better access to clean water, air, sanitation, and clean energy. Moreover, the liberalization of trade in environmental goods will enable developing countries to obtain technology, tools for development addressing environment priorities. Thirdly, new environment regulations, trade liberalization, increased privatization, current programmes of rural electrification, investment in infrastructure projects, government investment in research and capacity building initiatives have increased demand for environmental goods in India. India is partner to a number of international agreements on environmental issues. Legal activism and pressure from NGOs have fostered networking between industries and between industries and NGOs for improving the environment. These pressures from above and below are supporting the growth of the environmental market. It is in this context that the paper examines trade in environment in India. Keywords: OECD and APEC list of Environment goods, exports, imports, Revealed Comparative Advantage JEL Classification: F10, F18

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Bhuller, Sharan. "Dedicated researcher brings cancer care to rural communities." Advances in Modern Oncology Research 2, no. 5 (October 29, 2016): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/amor.v2.i5.180.

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<div>As an ardent cancer researcher, Dr. Smita Asthana has a vision to create wider awareness on cancer and its prevention, and aims to work on translational research to benefit the general public through the implementation of evidence-based research. “I have been associated with the National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR) and Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICPO) since November 2004 and have progressed over a period of time from being a staff scientist to the current role of a senior scientist,” says Dr. Asthana, who is presently with NICPR’s Biostatistics and Epidemiology division.</div> “I have been working in various positions that deal with the design, execution, and evaluation of medical projects. Recently, we have concluded two major cervical cancer screening projects and conducted a screening of 10,000 women in rural areas,” she tells AMOR. One project, funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research, was carried out 100 km west of New Delhi in the rural town of Dadri “as part of an operational research to see the implementation of VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid) and VILI (visual inspection with Lugol's iodine) screenings with the help of existing healthcare infrastructure,” she explains. As a leading researcher in cervical cancer screening, she completed an Indo-US collaborative project on the clinical performance of a human papillomavirus (HPV) test, used as a strategy for screening cervical cancer in rural communities, with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation via the international non-profit global health organization PATH. “The primary objective of the project was to observe the performance of careHPV, a new diagnostic kit, in a rural setup,” she says. CareHPV is a highly sensitive DNA test, which detects 14 different types of the human papillomavirus that cause cervical cancer, providing results more rapidly than other DNA tests and is designed especially for use in clinics that lack reliable clean water or electricity. It is an incredibly cost-effective option for low-resource countries seeking to develop national cervical cancer screening and treatment programs according to PATH. “Both projects were completed successfully and brought out research conclusions in the form of national and international publications,” Dr. Asthana says. In addition to the projects, she had also developed health education materials to create cervical cancer awareness among the women of rural Indian community, while providing training to auxiliary nurses and midwives for cervical cancer screening. Dr. Asthana graduated with a degree in Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery from King George Medical College (KGMC), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, before pursuing her Doctor of Medicine (MD) in Community Medicine from Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial (GSVM) Medical College, Kanpur, India. Throughout her career, she has published over 40 articles in national and international journals. As a result of her hard work and dedication toward the medical field, she has been awarded first prizes for oral presentation in international conferences such as Indian Cancer Congress (ICC 2014) and Asia Oceania Research Organisation on Genital Infections and Neoplasia (AOGIN 2012). She is an active member of various scientific associations and societies such as the Indian Association for Cancer Research (IACR), Indian Society for Medical Statistics (ISMS), Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine (IAPSM), and International Epidemiological Association (IEA). In her effort to provide impactful messages via research publications, she is currently working on remodeling the cancer registry data, which includes a diversified field for incidence of childhood cancer, breast and cervical cancer, trends of major cancer, cancer burden in Northeast of India, among other things. According to Dr. Asthana, her vision is the utilization of voluminous cancer registry data to produce comprehensive reports in the form of research communication to give a clearer picture of different cancer burden in various Indian registries. “I have also proposed a project for establishing cancer registry at NICPR, which was approved by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in principle, but we are currently still waiting for funding,” says the medical scientist. Focusing on the area of cancer epidemiology and research methodology, Dr. Asthana has faced many challenges commonly encountered by any researcher with a vision to improve medical research. “Gradually, with time and experience, I have overcome these limitations and I now conduct research methodology workshops to help clinicians have a better orientation toward research,” she says. Dr. Asthana is the coordinator of research methodology workshops, which is a series of training courses that started in 2007. Training courses/workshops are being conducted on a regular basis — two to three times a year at ICPO — and on an invitation basis, she has held workshops at other institutions such as her previous visit to Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in Malaysia to train 30 PhD students. “The main aim or idea is to educate scientists/researchers and medical faculties about the basics of research methodology, which consist of descriptive statistics, statistical analysis, and clinical trial sampling, as well as research protocol development and scientific reporting/writing,” she elaborates. “The curriculum was formed and executed in such a way that new scientists gain an overall knowledge on how a research project should be planned, executed, and the results communicated,” she adds. The courses, according to her, are targeted for medical faculty members, medical post-graduate students, undergraduate students, and PhD students with a basic science background from various medical institutions. As a researcher with almost 14 years of experience in medical research, her passion for research does not end there. Dr. Asthana has also ventured into various other new areas that are currently lacking presence in India and other low- and middle-income countries. One such area is palliative care, where she has undergone specialized training in palliative care from the Indian Association of Palliative Care. Additionally, Dr. Asthana is working on a global systematic review project that studies smokeless tobacco attributable risk for oral cancer. She further adds, “As an officer in the district technical support team and in collaboration with World Health Organization, I have devoted quite some time in serving the rural community for leprosy monitoring.” When asked for her opinion about the future of cancer research, Dr. Asthana believes that targeted therapy is the future of cancer therapy, as it kills only cancer cells and not normal cells, which leads to lesser side effects. “However, the major concern is the cost of it,” she says, “and it doesn’t appear to be affordable in the near future.” Hence, “developing countries like India should focus on the prevention of cancer through the modification of risk factors and adopting healthy lifestyles,” she concludes.

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Shoryaditya, Shoryaditya. "An Analysis of CSR and its Expenditure in India in the Terms of Trends, Impact and Challenges." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 4 (October 16, 2023): 4173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i4.1639.

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The United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) has defined corporate social responsibility (CSR) as "a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. CSR is a way in which companies achieve a balance of economic, environmental and social imperatives". Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a crucial aspect of business operations worldwide, with companies recognizing their responsibility to contribute positively to society. In India, the CSR landscape has witnessed significant growth and transformation since the introduction of the Companies Act, 2013, mandating qualifying companies to allocate a portion of their profits towards CSR activities. This research paper delves into the CSR expenditure in India, aiming to analyze the trends, impact, and challenges faced by corporations in fulfilling their CSR commitments. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative research methods, including data analysis, case studies, and interviews with key stakeholders to gain comprehensive insights into the subject matter. The paper sheds light on the effectiveness of CSR initiatives and provides valuable recommendations for enhancing CSR practices in India. Since the enactment of CSR provisions in April 2014, companies have spent nearly 1.27 trillion rupees or 1.27 lakh crore rupees in a span of seven years as per the data available on the National CSR Portal based on the disclosures made by companies. This money has been spent across 29 different sectors such as health, education, environment, welfare, development, and others. From over Rs. 10,065 crores spent in 2014-15, the CSR expenditure in India has increased to Rs. 25,715 crores in 2020-21 registering a 2.5-times increase in the seven years of implementation. With nearly Rs. 36,815 crores, the education sector received 29% of the CSR expenditure between 2014-15 and 2020-21. The health sector comes next with 20% of the CSR expenditure of Rs. 25,391 crores. More than Rs. 12,300 crores were spent in Rural development projects which accounted for 9.7%. The three sectors are the only ones to receive more than Rs. 10,000 crores each of CSR expenditure and together accounted for nearly 59% of the total CSR expenditure incurred in the country in seven years. Environmental sustainability, malnutrition, hunger and poverty, livelihood enhancement projects, central government funds including PMNRF, sanitation, art & culture, and vocational skills received more than Rs. 2000 crores each and together contributed to another 29.4% of the expenditure. Safe drinking water, women empowerment, natural resources conservation, gender equality, animal welfare, orphanages, armed forces (veterans, war widows, etc.), special education, SwachchBharathKosh, sports, technology incubators, senior citizens welfare, agroforestry, slum area development, and socio-economic inequalities are the other sectors in which CSR amount is used. These sectors accounted for <9% of the CSR expenditure. For the remaining expenditure (~3%), companies have not disclosed the details of the projects.

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Khanna, Dr R. Rajesh, Dr V. Nagajothi, and Dr Abraham Rajan. "POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN SELF-HELP GROUPS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MUTUKKADU VILLAGE IN CHENGAPATTU DISTRICT A CASE STUDY." International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology 2, no. 9 (September 28, 2023): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.59828/ijsrmst.v2i9.150.

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Of the world's 1.3 billion individuals who are relegated to lives of abject poverty, women make up about 70 per cent of the total. Women in India generate 30 per cent of all food commodities but only receive 10 per cent of the country's property or wealth. This disparity exists even though women in India are the primary breadwinners. Despite the considerable contribution that rural women make to their households and the country's economy, they have historically been undervalued and discriminated against in all aspects of life. This makes it evident that women's rights and the protection they receive from societal disparities are insufficient. As a result, specific feasible remedies must be acknowledged and, more crucially, put into action. For economic development projects to be practical, they need to incorporate initiatives that boost the financial standing of women and work to improve their status. Especially among women, developing Self-Help Groups (SHGs) is one of the most effective strategies for empowering women and reducing poverty. SHGs can also help alleviate poverty. SHGs are groups of low-income women who manage themselves and come into being for the primary purpose of aggregating financial resources through the members' savings and lending those resources to one another to satisfy the members' requirements for credit. The typical membership of a SHG is from fifteen to twenty low-income married women residing in the same geographic area. Each SHG operates based on the concepts of self-help, shared trust, and cooperative effort, and each one has its one-of-a-kind method for organizing and managing its own money. Aside from that, routine transactions such as savings, granting loans, and collecting payback occur at specific intervals where all members are present, and decisions are made collectively. These are their primary operations. SHGs not only function as a forum for social interactions but also as an alternative social structure for engagement at the peer level. Most of the monies contributed to SHGs were initially put toward satisfying short-term consumption and meeting urgent needs. In recent years, the formation of SHGs has received growing attention as a potentially significant development mechanizing for generating income and employment opportunities among the less fortunate. The Self-Help Groups contribute to an improvement in the status of women as participants, decision-makers, and beneficiaries in the democratic, social, and economic sectors of life, as well as the cultural sphere. The self-help groups have given the women living in rural areas a greater sense of self-assurance, which has helped them do better in their day-to-day lives. This article explores training sessions, members have access to loans for personal needs, education, and business purposes. However, have we considered that some members may struggle to pay back the loans, leading to financial difficulties? While the SHGs have been successful in increasing women's literacy levels, what about women who are unable to participate due to family obligations or other reasons? How can their economic empowerment be addressed? Fishing may be the primary occupation in the studied area, but what about other potential sources of income? Have the SHGs explored other economic opportunities for the members, or are they limited to the fishing industry?

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Gopalakrishnan, Badri Narayanan, and Anand Pandey. "Development Research in rural India: Case studies from Uttar Pradesh." Journal of Development Economics and Management Research Studies 10, no. 18 (2023): 01–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53422/jdms.2023.101808.

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Kim, Yunho, and Myung Moo Lee. "Sustainable Rural Living Lab: Indian Case Studies." Dongguk Business Research Institute 45, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55685/bcr.2023.45.1.31.

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Living Labs are spaces for innovative and participative research, development and activities that use multidisciplinary approaches and promote the co-creation paradigm. The main aim of this paper is therefore to put Living Labs in the context of rural areas and evaluate their possible contributions for sustainable rural development. This study analyzed the prototyping cases of cardamom dryer, cooking stove and farm reservoir design with the topic of sustainable living in rural areas in India. The research method was as follows. First, the selected living lab cases were explained according to the innovation development process. Second, the 20 evaluation criteria of the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) were mapped to the components of the Extended Business Model Canvas (EBMC). Third, the characteristics of Urban Living Lab were presented by grouping in the components of the Extended EBMC. And, based on the suggested characteristics, we offer a Proposition for the sustainable development of an Rural Living Lab.

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12

Madon, Shirin. "Computer-based Information Systems for Decentralized Rural Development Administration: A Case Study in India." Journal of Information Technology 7, no. 1 (March 1992): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629200700104.

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Administrative reform currently being undertaken in a number of developing countries is focusing on the introduction of microcomputers as a tool for the decentralization of rural development administration. Experience to date concerning these efforts reveals that the key determinants of successful implementation of the technology are associated with organizational factors rather than hardware and software. However, these factors have been inadequately addressed in the literature on information technology in developing countries and empirical research drawing on experience of individual projects in developing countries is needed. To this end, this paper describes the case of the Computerized Rural Information Systems Project (CRISP) which is a government initiative to promote decentralization of rural development management in India. The interaction between formal, government-approved guidelines for rural development management and informal practice at the local level is examined. The findings reveal that the diffusion of technology has not been accompanied with changes to local work, decision and administrative processes.

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Del-Río-Carazo, Laura, Emiliano Acquila-Natale, Santiago Iglesias-Pradas, and Ángel Hernández-García. "Sustainable Rural Electrification Project Management: An Analysis of Three Case Studies." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031203.

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Universal access to energy is a global challenge for sustainable development that requires granting last-mile access to energy services to rural and isolated communities. However, achieving access is not sufficient: it must be done affordably, reliably and with an adequate quality. Universal access to energy goes beyond the mere selection of a technical solution or infrastructure; it demands being able to design management models for projects aiming to guarantee that households may access energy services in a sustainable way. This study analyzes the main elements (i.e., governance, technological and business models) of management models in universal access to energy projects and their impact on the different dimensions of sustainability (i.e., social, environmental, and economic). The study then presents three case studies of rural electrification projects having different configurations of the management model, with special focus on the differences in the business model, and it analyzes their outcomes from a sustainability perspective. The analysis of the three case studies suggests that the choice of the business model is key to ensuring sustainability, with fee-for-service models giving the best results. The analysis also highlights the importance of collaboration and involvement of the communities in projects engaging multiple agents with different roles.

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Alakshendra, Abhinav. "City Profile: Patna, India." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 10, no. 2 (August 12, 2019): 374–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425319859132.

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This profile of Patna focuses on the historical evolution of the city when the city has seen both extreme prosperity as well as destitution. After its glorious past during the Magadh Empire, Patna re-emerged as an important city during the British rule due to its locational advantage but witnessed another decline post-independence period. Being the capital city of the federal state of Bihar, Patna has experienced significant growth in population during the past four decades due to rural–urban migration and physical expansion of the city. However, there has not been a commensurate expansion in the infrastructure and services to accommodate this influx of people to the city. After the inclusion of Patna in the Smart City Mission, it is witnessing initiation of a plethora of infrastructure projects, which is expected to improve the urban service delivery in the near future. This city profile discusses the various dimensions of the city’s development and major policy initiatives undertaken during the recent period.

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Rani, Susmita, Pankaj Kumar, Sarvendra Kumar, Showkat Ahmad Dar, Abhiman, and Parmanand Prabhakar. "ICT Based Applications to Support Rural Development in India – A Review." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 15, Feb, 2 (February 23, 2024): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5079.

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A brief review was done based on the literatures available and the findings from these research studies are used to evaluate its effectiveness on rural livelihood upliftment, poverty alleviation and implications for education and further research. Rural development in India is one of the most important factors for the growth of the Indian economy. Even after seventy years post-independence, India has not been able to come under “developed nation”, instead the nation is still developing. Public administration, governed by bureaucratic structures that dominated the twentieth century has failed to respond to the changing requirements of the present times. ICT plays a prominent role in strengthening societal development and helps to speed up the developmental process and can also bridge gaps between the educationally and technologically backward and forward sections of society. Various e-governance projects have attempted to improve the reach, enhance the base, minimize the processing costs, increase transparency and reduce the cycle times. For example, the introduction of computer and e-chaupal, radio farm forum, community radio, and ministry of rural development mobile apps such as shramik bandhu, janmanrega, meri sadak app, etc., are some of the initiatives by the government that have up to some extent been able to bring the rural population in contact with technologies. There are great opportunities for ICT application that help in democratic and sustainable development of rural India. This review mainly focuses on various ICT-based applications and their role in the Rural Development of India.

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Galleguillos-Pozo, Rosa, Bruno Domenech, Laia Ferrer-Martí, and Rafael Pastor. "Balancing Cost and Demand in Electricity Access Projects: Case Studies in Ecuador, Mexico and Peru." Mathematics 10, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10121995.

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Rural areas in developing countries have the highest concentrations of unelectrified communities. There is a clear link between electricity consumption and the Human Development Index, as highlighted by the 7th Development Goal of the United Nations. Estimating the energy needs of the previously nonelectrified population is imprecise when designing rural electrification projects. Indeed, daily energy demand and peak power assessments are complex, since these values must be valid over the project’s lifetime, while tight budgets do not allow for the systems to be oversized. In order to assist project promoters, this study proposes a fuzzy mixed integer linear programming model (FMILP) for the design of wind–PV rural electrification systems including uncertainty in the demand requirements. Two different FMILP approaches were developed that maximized the minimum or the average satisfaction of the users. Next, the FMILP approaches were applied to six Latin American communities from three countries. Compared with the deterministic MILP (where the energy and peak power needs are considered as specific values), the FMILP results achieved a better balance between the project cost and the users’ satisfaction regarding the energy and peak power supplied. Regarding the two approaches, maximizing the users’ minimum satisfaction obtained globally better solutions.

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Ivona, Antonietta, Antonella Rinella, Francesca Rinella, Federica Epifani, and Sara Nocco. "Resilient Rural Areas and Tourism Development Paths: A Comparison of Case Studies." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063022.

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In the settlement network of Italian small towns (the so-called “borghi”, with a population ceiling lower than 5000 inhabitants), not lacking in discontinuities and patches, a “common thread” is increasingly noticeable, which allows to look optimistically beyond several weaknesses (economy depending on a relatively unprofitable or declining agriculture, social and economic stasis, demographic decline and consequent contraction of public and private services, hydrogeological instability, etc.): we are talking of the firm, pigheaded determination of an increasing number of local communities to become sustainable and responsible realities, get involved, and undertake a process of “hot authentication” of their milieu. Since 2013, such resilient attitude is at the heart of the National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI, Strategia Nazionale per le Aree Interne) aimed at promoting coordinated, multi-scalar projects of self-enhancement; in April 2019, the above innovative form of territorial planning was selected by the European Parliament as a model for the 2021–2027 programming period of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).This paper reviews the original and creative bottom-up enhancement process being implemented in several towns of the “Monti Dauni” sub-region, a pilot marginal area identified by Apulian regional authorities within the SNAI. In these small towns, local players aim at maximizing the opportunities of sustainable, experiential tourism by offering an uncontaminated environment, ancient knowledge, genuine flavours and deep emotions to all visitors who wish to achieve a deeper knowledge of the territorial identity instead of being mere spectators, by adopting an active and engaged attitude.

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Femi Oluwatoyin Omole, Oladiran Kayode Olajiga, and Tosin Michael Olatunde. "CHALLENGES AND SUCCESSES IN RURAL ELECTRIFICATION: A REVIEW OF GLOBAL POLICIES AND CASE STUDIES." Engineering Science & Technology Journal 5, no. 3 (March 24, 2024): 1031–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/estj.v5i3.956.

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Rural electrification is a critical aspect of sustainable development, aiming to bridge the energy gap in remote and underserved areas. This paper provides a comprehensive review of global policies and case studies related to challenges and successes in rural electrification. The challenges in rural electrification are multifaceted and often rooted in economic, geographic, and social factors. Limited financial resources, vast and difficult terrains, and sparse population density pose significant hurdles. Additionally, socio-cultural aspects and community dynamics influence the acceptance and sustainability of electrification projects. Understanding and addressing these challenges is crucial for the success of rural electrification initiatives. On the policy front, various nations and international organizations have implemented diverse approaches to tackle these challenges. This review examines the effectiveness of different policy frameworks, exploring their impact on the speed and sustainability of rural electrification. Policies encompass financial incentives, regulatory frameworks, and technology deployment strategies, with an emphasis on fostering public-private partnerships. The paper also delves into case studies from different regions, providing insights into both successful and unsuccessful attempts at rural electrification. Examining these cases helps identify common patterns, lessons learned, and best practices that can inform future initiatives. Successful projects often involve a combination of innovative financing models, community engagement, and the integration of renewable energy sources tailored to local conditions. This paper underscores the importance of a holistic and context-specific approach to rural electrification. Global policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders can draw valuable lessons from both challenges and successes to refine strategies and enhance the impact of rural electrification initiatives worldwide. As the world continues to strive for universal energy access, this review contributes to the ongoing dialogue on shaping effective policies and practices in the realm of rural electrification. Keywords: Rural Electrification, Global Policies, Renewable Energy, Energy Financing, Review.

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Arthur, Tiffany. "Samoan Villages and the MIRAB Model: Four case studies." Journal of Samoan Studies Volume 10 10, no. 10 (September 22, 2020): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47922/lcty4803.

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In 1965-67 Brian Lockwood documented the socioeconomic circumstances of four Samoan villages (Poutasi, Uafato, Utuali’i and Taga), In this paper I present the results of studies of those four villages in 2018-2019 that show the trajectory of mainly subsistence to mainly commercial agriculture expected by Lockwood and others in the period following Samoa’s Independence in 1962 has not occurred, and suggest that the processes of change and the similarities between the case study villages may be explained with reference to the MIRAB model first articulated in 1984 by Bertram and Watters. The MIRAB model of development proposes that, the interacting characteristics of small Pacific Islands of migration (MI), remittances (R), aid (A) and state generated employment (bureaucracies ‘B’) created a “perfectly sustainable strategy” for most Pacific island countries. My research findings suggest MIRAB model can be applied to an understanding of the trajectory of village development in Samoa since the 1960s. The economies of the four villages studied rely heavily on remittances (R) from their relatives overseas (MI) and the new component of aid (A) in the form of village projects funded directly by donors for development purposes in a particular village in the form of village projects. The village councils, women’s committees, or youth groups usually implement these projects. The bureaucracy (B) component of the MIRAB (which in the literature refers to government employment) can also be understood as the provision of services to villages and rural districts by government agencies (B), such as health and educational facilities, police outposts, access roads, water and electricity supply and other infrastructure.

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Sakurai, Seiichi, and Shingo Teraoka. "FEASIBILITY AND ISSUES OF RURAL TOURISM BASED ON INTER-INDUSTRY COOPERATION." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v4i1.1821.

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The study described herein was conducted to identify general aspects of rural tourism based on the Inter-Industrial Cooperation Project in Japan and to investigate factors and background obstacles to sustainable development of rural tourism management through collaborative organization of various actors. Most approved projects are engaged in producing and marketing local specialty goods. The numerous projects aiming at initiating tourism activities are extremely small. Some approved projects targeting tourism management have already been abandoned. The authors conducted interview surveys to elucidate some typical cases, which elicited the following points about hindrances to sustainable development of rural tourism management based on the Inter-Industrial Cooperation Project: difficulty of maintaining collaborative networks among actors of various types; unexpected tourism-related risks; vulnerability to demands of tourism industry; and the mismatch between the system of national projects and needs for the practice of tourism activities. Results of two case studies underscored these obstacles. The authors finally described the role played by actors outside the rural village and local government officers for improving future collaboration projects.

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Li, Qiangnian, Tongze Han, Changlin Niu, and Ping Liu. "Life Cycle Carbon Emission Analyzing of Rural Residential Energy Efficiency Retrofit-A Case Study of Gansu province." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901063.

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Objective To study and analyze the life-cycle carbon emissions of existing rural residential energy retrofit projects to provide theoretical and data support for local rural green development and sustainable construction. Methods Life cycle analysis (LCA) was used to analyze and compare the life cycle carbon emissions (LCE) of a rural residential envelope energy efficiency retrofitting project in central Gansu. Results It was found that rural dwellings have a very high potential for energy efficiency retrofitting, and the contribution of retrofitted homes to CO2 emissions reduction can reach more than 30% over the whole life cycle. Secondly, during the retrofitting process, neglected in previous studies, carbon emissions account for about a quarter of the LCE. It is concluded that introducing LCA into evaluating rural residential energy retrofit projects' energy-saving and emission reduction benefits is more scientific, reasonable, and necessary.

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Tomar, Dr Reeta. "PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: CASE STUDY OF SOLAR ENERGY IN INDIA." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 4, no. 12 (April 23, 2020): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i12.2017.589.

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Scientific advances and technological changes are new key partners of economic growth anddevelopment. Scientific innovation has become a new source of wealth creation, improvementin quality of life and social wellbeing. India as a developing nation is facing many economicgrowth and development challenges like unemployment, poverty, hunger, scarcity ofresources, etc. To overcome these problems, new scientific innovations in the field ofrenewable energy can provide useful solutions. In the above context, economic analysis ofJawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (NSM) launched in 2010 by GOI is quite relevant.The NSM provide cheap and clean source of energy and job opportunities in India. The aim ofthis paper is to analysis NSM and other solar projects from various aspects of economicgrowth and to explore areas of investment for scientific innovation in such type of projects.This study is explanatory in nature. This study concludes positively that the development ofsolar energy can give solutions to many economic problems of rural electrification,unemployment, climate change, regional development, etc. Thus, India with its increasingpopulation and limited natural resources needs to use solar energy innovatively to achieve allround development.

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Magsi, Habibullah, Andre Torre, Yansui Liu, and M. Javed Sheikh. "Land Use Conflicts in the Developing Countries: Proximate Driving Forces and Preventive Measures." Pakistan Development Review 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v56i1pp.19-30.

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This research aims to analyse land use conflicts mainly caused by infrastructural development projects in the developing countries. For this purpose, qualitative data is gathered which is frequently published on land use conflicts against the development related infrastructure projects in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and Pakistan. It identifies and defines land use conflicts, their dynamic features and contestations. The results reveal as to how the conflicts have been germinated by the property and human right violators? Further, it also focuses on the governance roles and responsibilities, the institutional inconsistency towards justice, and the local population’s mistrust in the respective case study areas. The analysis concludes with an overview of the root causes and consequences of land use conflicts, by indicating as to how land use decisions for infrastructural settings have changed rural economy, and induced local population to displace and oppose the projects. Finally, the study proposes some preventive measures to manage such conflicts. JEL Classification: D74, O16, H54 Keywords: Conflict, Proximity Relations, Infrastructure, Developing Countries

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Bogusz, Małgorzata, and Monika Wojcieszak-Zbierska. "MULTIPURPOSE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES (EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTED PROJECTS)." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 3 (September 7, 2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3809.

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The purpose of this paper is to present, by means of case studies, examples of activities in the field of multipurpose development businesses which, due to services offered, their location and recognition, can serve as good practices and provide inspiration for the development of such activities in rural areas of selected EU countries. A key aspect of multipurpose rural development is to shift from single-function development towards farm diversification in order to engage in and develop non-agricultural activities. The concept of multipurpose rural development, where agriculture is no longer the sole function of rural areas, has often become a panacea for maintaining the basic form of agriculture, especially in areas affected by severe fragmentation of agricultural land. The examples found in three countries (Poland, Spain and Romania) showed that agriculture can be combined with non-agricultural activities with environmentally-friendly, innovative and educational concepts. The analyzed cases also showed that entrepreneurship in rural areas is often carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, and the multifunctional nature of these activities indicates that even small farms are able to survive. However, it is important that it is not only agricultural activity, but other activities connected with it, using natural and cultural resources of farms and villages, such as processing or education.

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Williams, G. "State, Discourse, and Development in India: The Case of West Bengal's Panchayati Raj." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 12 (December 1997): 2099–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a292099.

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In this paper, I use the example of West Bengal's Panchayati Raj (local government reform) to address a number of wider issues of concern for geographers commentating on India's politics and development. Taking the work of Kaviraj as a point of entry, I examine the impact that the decentralisation of government has had on people's access to the state and on the internal politics of three rural communities in West Bengal. The complexities of the processes involved suggest that, rather than there being the unidirectional penetration of society by an ‘alien’ developmental state, rural Bengalis are able to make knowing use of the language and structures of modern government for their own ends. I end the paper by suggesting the possible consequences of these findings for Kaviraj's thesis, for accounts of a ‘crisis' of India's developmental state, and for the discursive turn in development studies more broadly.

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Kungwansupaphan, Chonnatcha, and Jibon Kumar Sharma Leihaothabam. "Capital factors and rural women entrepreneurship development." Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-04-2015-0031.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the roles of four specific capital factors, namely, human, social, institutional and financial capitals, in rural women entrepreneurship. The focus was on the handloom sector in Manipur, India. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses qualitative research methodology with a multiple case study approach. Data were collected using in-depth interviews to study seven cases of rural women entrepreneurs. Findings The study highlights that human, social, institutional and financial capitals play significant roles in encouraging rural women to engage in entrepreneurial activities and influence strategic decisions. Each capital factor being interrelated, achieving the integration among them will considerably enhance entrepreneurial success. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is the narrow scope, emphasizing on only four capital factors. There are implications for further work on other types of capital. The study being sector specific, limits generalization. It contributes insights into the need for multi-sector examinations in the literature. Practical implications Rural women entrepreneurship needs are in line with understanding the roles of capital factors and their interrelations. The role of capital factors varies between prior and no prior entrepreneurial experiences. Originality/value This study provides information on the role of capital factors on rural women entrepreneurship and contributes to better understanding of how each capital factor is accumulated and utilized in rural women entrepreneurship development using the perspective of handloom sector in Manipur, India.

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Potsiou, Chryssy, Cornel Paunescu, Charalabos Ioannidis, Konstantinos Apostolopoulos, and Florin Nache. "Reliable 2D Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveys: Case Studies from Greece and Romania." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020089.

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This paper is part of a doctoral dissertation (PhD) research that investigates the development of a procedure for reliable 2D crowdsourced cadastral surveying introducing the use of new Information Technology IT tools and increased citizen participation, supported by m-services. For the development of this procedure, the formal cadastral procedure applied currently in two Europeans countries, Greece and Romania, for their modern nation-wide projects is firstly investigated. The first part of this paper briefly investigates the current stage of progress of those projects in both countries, as well as the specifications and procedures applied for the cadastral surveys, and assesses the level of participation of the right holders and the efficiency of the current procedures. Then, a proposal for a crowdsourced general procedure with increased participation of the right holders in the initial cadastral data collection phase is designed that it may be of value either for the planners of those two projects to improve their projects towards a more fit-for-purpose approach and successfully meet the deadlines timely, or for researchers and planners of other projects with similar nation-wide approaches which also require accurate, assured and authoritative end products. For the assessment of the applicability of the proposal, three case studies are held and tested in urban, rural and suburban areas in both countries, using both a commercial application and an open source one. These crowdsourced surveys are compared to the formal cadastral surveys that have been compiled by cadastral professionals in both countries and the achieved results are assessed and judged as satisfactory in terms of geometric accuracies and the avoidance of gross errors in the location of the parcels. A proposal for future research in order to further improve the proposed procedure is discussed.

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Mausch, Kai, Dave Harris, and Javier Revilla Diez. "Rural Aspirations: Reflections for Development Planning, Design and Localized Effects." European Journal of Development Research 33, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 795–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00407-y.

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AbstractIn this editorial introduction to the Special Issue “Rural aspirations—Livelihood decisions and rural development trajectories”, we outline current views on aspirations and their relevance for development research, projects and approaches. Using several examples from Africa, we outline how the combination of the different theoretical perspectives, case studies and regional backgrounds provides deeper insights about the role of aspirations in shaping rural areas. The distinct entry points of the ‘bottom up’ local aspirations for future lives, the ‘top down’ aspirations as visions for change, and the process of negotiating between these provide novel insights into directions for development action as well as for future research in the field of aspirations in the development arena.

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KALSI, NAMRITA, and RAVI KIRAN. "Studies on land utilization for rural and urban stakeholders: A case study." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 12 (December 16, 2015): 1633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i12.54333.

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This study attempts to understand the utilization of land for Development from the perspective of the stakeholder. A balanced economic development embracing rural or agriculture on one hand and urban or industrial growth on the other side, is indispensable for emerging economies like India. The present research is a study of the diverse objectives and how they can be attempted, with a least possible resistance or friction, through a medium of consultative approach. The results have been derived through a survey of stakeholders, covering land owners and other stakeholders through a case study of Greater Mohali Region of Punjab, primarily an agrarian state. The paper tries to throw light on recent evolving land legislatures and compare it with stakeholders options, preferences and incentives needed to facilitate land utilization for development. The results showed that stakeholders are less averse to spare land for certain key sectors like transport, social infrastructure like health and education. Not only this, the acceptance is more if the methodology is packaged through smooth processes, the approach is sensitive and incentivized with marketbased compensation.

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O’Donnell, Ronan, and David Petts. "‘Rural’ rhetoric in 1930s unemployment relief schemes." Rural History 30, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793319000049.

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AbstractThis article examines the role of particular ideas of the countryside in unemployment relief schemes. While interwar thinking on the countryside has received attention, it has not been examined in the specific context of unemployment relief. This article uses four case studies from North East England, namely the Team Valley Trading Estate (Gateshead), Hamsterley Forest Instructional Centre (Durham), Swarland model village (Northumberland) and Heartbreak Hill (Cleveland). All four projects took different approaches to the unemployment problem, but all used some form of rural rhetoric. The ways in which the projects deployed images of the countryside creatively recombined a wide range of ideas to suit their needs rather than being rigidly confined by particular schools of thought.

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Debnath, Kumar Biswajit, Xinfang Wang, Toby Peters, Sanskriti Menon, Satish Awate, Gaurang Patwardhan, Navneet Wadkar, Mahesh Patankar, and Priyanka Shendage. "Rural Cooling Needs Assessment towards Designing Community Cooling Hubs: Case Studies from Maharashtra, India." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105595.

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In a rapidly warming world, sustainable cooling is directly related to the protection of fresh and nutritious food, medicines, and the population from extreme heat for work conditions, the economic productivity of the working population, and income generation. This study aimed to understand how rural communities are meeting their nutrition, livelihood, health, living space, and mobility requirements regarding the role of cooling. We selected three villages as case studies in Maharashtra, India and conducted household surveys, in-depth interviews of key informants, focus group discussions (FGDs), and social mapping building typology study. The objective was to assess the rural community cooling to propose a community cooling hub (CCH) framework that could be economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable for the three villages. Our study showed that agriculture, dairy, buildings (domestic and commercial), and healthcare require cooling intervention in the studied communities. Based on the needs assessment for cooling, we proposed a CCH framework to provide cooling solutions in an integrated system for rural contexts.

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Rana, Usha, and Sipra Sagarika. "Rural development through people's participation in Gram Sabha: A study from Central India." Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues 13, no. 2 (November 25, 2023): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjs.v13i2.9112.

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Rural development can never be possible without a robust implementation of governmental policies in rural regions. The Panchayati Raj institutions were introduced in India in 1993 with the goal of rural development through the people's participation. In this context, this study explores the level of involvement of villagers in Gram Sabha and their awareness of state development policies and investigates gender participation in rural development. The study adopts both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The data have been collected from the village Chitoura, Sagar, district of Madhya Pradesh (MP) via semi-structured interview methods, case studies, and observations. A total of 50 villagers were selected as respondents through random sampling. Notably, the findings point out that the Panchayati Raj institutions are failing to deliver the development policies on the ground due to a lack of awareness among the villagers and poor participation of women in village activities. This study recorded that caste and gender hinder rural development as some specific castes gained more benefits from the Panchayati Raj institution. Keywords: Gram sabha; Panchayati Raj institution; rural development; women representatives.

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Davletov, D. R., and U. S. Semovskikh. "RURAL-URBAN DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE PROJECTS FOR PRESERVING THE HISTORICAL-CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDIA AND RUSSIA." Russian Peasant Studies 8, no. 1 (2023): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2500-1809-2023-8-1-179-183.

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Diakonidze, Maia. "Leading Factors of Sustainable Rural Tourism Development: Case of Georgia." Journal of Corporate Governance, Insurance, and Risk Management 6, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56578/jcgirm060104.

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Purpose: This study is aimed to identify the leading factors for the tourism industry sustainable development in a less developed country. Design/Methodology/Approach: Sustainable development can be defined as a process of economic and social changes as well as an agreed and coordinated process of natural resource exploitation, direction of investment, scientific and technological development, personal development and institutional change enhance the present and future potential of human needs. In this paper, we have tried to show the factors contributing to the development of the tourism industry. These recommendations make it possible to promote the sustainable development and rapid resuscitation of the tourism industry. In many ways it is about ensuring the quality of life of people. The design of the article includes theoretical explanations regarding sustainable development with emphasis in the tourism industry. Findings: There are proposed more effective policies promoting the industry in addition to specific projects improving the infrastructure and the social feelings about tourism Practical Implications: It was defined a set of measures that can have a positive impact, able to influence the industry in a positive way regarding its direct and indirect effects in the state, regional and local economies of tourism destinations. Originality/Value: This is an important contribution describing and identifying issues related to the Georgian tourism sector. It is a valuable piece of information for policy-makers to adopt the studies proposals for the further sustainable development of the industry.

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Aarsaether, Nils, and Toril Ringholm. "The Rural Municipality as Developer - Entrepreneurial and Planning Modes in Community Development." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 9, no. 4 (October 19, 2011): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/9.4.373-387(2011).

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The planning orientation and the entrepreneurial orientation are traditionally portrayed as opposites in analyses of local development. Based on a survey of developmental activities in Norwegian municipalities, the authors argue that municipal leaders apply planning tools also when engaged in local development projects. The mechanisms at work when planning practices and entrepreneurial-type actions intersect are analysed by case studies. There is no uniformity in the ways municipalities handle the planning-entrepreneurialism nexus; only in one instance a classical “planning-first” case is found. A bottom-up approach, in which a multitude of initiatives elicits coordination by planning, seems to be a more apt description. Keywords: • planning • entrepreneurialism • leadership • community development

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Chauhan, Sonalee, and Sukhpal Singh. "Fair Trade and sustainable rural development: case studies on the role of producer companies in India." Food Chain 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/2046-1887.19.00006.

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Praharaj, Sarbeswar. "Area-Based Urban Renewal Approach for Smart Cities Development in India: Challenges of Inclusion and Sustainability." Urban Planning 6, no. 4 (November 17, 2021): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i4.4484.

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Cities in the Global South face rapid urbanization challenges and often suffer an acute lack of infrastructure and governance capacities. Smart Cities Mission, in India, launched in 2015, aims to offer a novel approach for urban renewal of 100 cities following an area-based development approach, where the use of ICT and digital technologies is particularly emphasized. This article presents a critical review of the design and implementation framework of this new urban renewal program across selected case-study cities. The article examines the claims of the so-called “smart cities” against actual urban transformation on-ground and evaluates how “inclusive” and “sustainable” these developments are. We quantify the scale and coverage of the smart city urban renewal projects in the cities to highlight who the program includes and excludes. The article also presents a statistical analysis of the sectoral focus and budgetary allocations of the projects under the Smart Cities Mission to find an inherent bias in these smart city initiatives in terms of which types of development they promote and the ones it ignores. The findings indicate that a predominant emphasis on digital urban renewal of selected precincts and enclaves, branded as “smart cities,” leads to deepening social polarization and gentrification. The article offers crucial urban planning lessons for designing ICT-driven urban renewal projects, while addressing critical questions around inclusion and sustainability in smart city ventures.

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Aggarwal, Tanu, and Priya Solomon. "Quantitative analysis of the development of smart cities in India." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 9, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 711–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-06-2019-0076.

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Purpose Smart cities are an attempt to recognize the pioneering projects designed to make the cities livable, sustainable, functional and viable. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate funding released by the government city wise and sources available for finance for the development of the smart cities. The impact of fund released by the government for the development of smart cities (Chandigarh, Karnal, Faridabad, Pune, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Kanpur, Delhi, Lucknow and Agra) in India has been studied in detail. Urbanization is a continuous process, which is taking place throughout the globe, especially in developing countries like India. Design/methodology/approach The research is descriptive in nature. The sources of funding for smart cities in India have been taken into consideration, and χ2 test of independence has been employed to study the impact of fund released by the government for smart city development in India by using IBM SPSS. Findings The total investment, area-based projects, pan-city initiatives and O&M costs for smart cities ranged between Rs 133,368 and Rs 203,979 lakh crores, Rs 105,621 and Rs 163,138 lakh crores, Rs 26,141 and Rs 38,840 lakh crores, and Rs 1,604 and Rs 1,999 lakh crores, respectively, in the year 2016 (for 60 smart cities) to 2017 (for 99 smart cities), which shows an increasing trend. The investment in retrofitting projects, redevelopment projects, greenfield projects and area-based projects ranged between Rs 94,419 and Rs 131,003 lakh crores, Rs 8,247 and Rs 23,119 lakh crores, Rs 2,955 and Rs 8,986 lakh crores, and Rs 105,621 and Rs 163,138 lakh crores, respectively, in the year 2016 (60 smart cities) to 2017 (99 smart cities), which shows the division of projects funding for smart city development in India. The funding released for smart city development such as other sources, loans from the financial institution, private investment, convergence, state government share funding and Central Government Funding ranged between Rs 14,828 and Rs 15,930 lakh crores, Rs 7,775 and Rs 9,795 lakh crores, Rs 30,858 and Rs 43,622 lakh crores, Rs 25,726 and Rs 43,088 lakh crores, Rs 27,260 and Rs 45,695 lakh crores, and Rs 29,207 and Rs 47,858 lakh crores, respectively, in the year 2016 (60 smart cities) to 2017 (99 smart cities), which reflects the different sources of funding for the development of smart cities in India. The χ2 test of independence has been applied, which shows that there is no impact of fund released by the government on cities for smart city development in India as the p-values of Chandigarh (0.213), Karnal (0.199), Faridabad (0.213), Pune (0.199), Chennai (0.213), Ahmadabad (0.199), Kanpur (0.199), Delhi (0.199), Kolkata, Lucknow (0.213) and Agra (0.199) are greater than 0.05. Research limitations/implications For the Smart Cities Mission to be financially sustainable, the right policy and institutional framework should be implemented for modernization and aggregation of government landholding. Consolidation of all the landholdings under the smart city project should be properly implemented, and the role of private sectors should be encouraged for public‒private partnership projects to make Smart City Mission more successful. Practical implications The benefits of smart cities development will help provide affordable, cleaner and greener housing infrastructure for all, especially the inclusive group of developers belonging to the lower middle-income strata of India, and the benefits will be replicated when adopted on a smaller scale in the rural part of the country. Originality/value The research paper is original and χ2 test has been used to study the impact of fund released by the government for smart city development in India.

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Patil, Dhanraj A. "Participatory Communication Approach for RD: Evidence from Two Grassroots CR Stations in Rural India." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 29, no. 1 (June 2019): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529119860623.

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The traditional approach of communication for rural development (RD) was greatly influenced by the dominant paradigm of development. The retort against this paradigm gave birth to the participatory approach of communication wherein the common people in rural areas were considered as the ‘subjects’ of development in conjunction with their active involvement. It is the era when alternative communication medium like community radio (CR) was accepted as a tool of participatory RD in developing counters like India. Based on case studies of India’s pioneer CRs (Sangam Radio and Radio Bundelkhand), using media ethnography tools, a qualitative enquiry was carried out to explore its role in the process of RD by inclusion of voices of rural subalterns in their own development.

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Vilventhan, Aneetha, and R. Rajadurai. "4D Bridge Information Modelling for management of bridge projects: a case study from India." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 10, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-05-2019-0045.

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Purpose The rapid development of the construction industry requires effective ways to monitor and control the project, and the use of 4D BIM is found to be very efficient. The purpose of this paper is to consider development, application and evaluation of 4D Bridge Information Modelling (BrIM) models for an ongoing bridge project. Design/methodology/approach An ethnographic action-based case study research methodology is adopted in this study. An ongoing bridge construction project in India is chosen and the 4D BrIM application is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively using planned percentage complete (PPC) measurements and semi-structured interviews, respectively. Findings The evaluation of the case study shows an increase in PPC values from 26.5 to 56.4 per cent after implementation of 4D BrIM in the project. The application of 4D BrIM in the construction phase benefits the project team in material delivery planning, project monitoring and control, construction schedule improvement, documentation and coordination. Practical implications The developed models are practically applied to the ongoing project and the positive benefits are observed. It is shown that 4D BrIM has the potential to improve the construction of bridge projects. Originality/value Studies have contributed towards the development and implementation of 3D BrIM models for bridge projects. Limited efforts have been taken to analyse how 4D BrIM models help in the overall management of bridge projects. This study adds value to the existing literature through development, implementation and systematic qualitative and quantitative evaluation of 4D BrIM models.

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Mulder, Jacques, and Alan C. Brent. "Selection of Sustainable Rural Agriculture Projects in South Africa: Case Studies in the LandCare Programme." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 28, no. 2 (July 17, 2006): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j064v28n02_06.

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Simatupang, Helga Yohana. "The Challenges of Gender Mainstreaming in Community Development Projects in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Self-Help Groups in Rural India." Jurnal PIR : Power in International Relations 7, no. 1 (August 12, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22303/pir.7.1.2022.83-95.

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In many developing countries, women are commonly married young, quickly become mothers, and then burdened by domestic work and financial responsibilities. As a result of these conditions, we now live in a world where women are living in poverty and are subjected to injustices and discrimination. This paper aims to examine the critical roles of women and the importance of their involvement in decision-making processes, including the challenges, failures, and success stories in implementing gender-just development strategies in developing countries, specifically India. Since India has been the world's second-most-populous country, the majority of people live in rural areas and millions face extreme poverty. The country is now in a process of rapid economic development, but it faces complex and enduring internal problems, such as those around the caste system. The gap between rich and poor in India is vast. This research uses a qualitative method with the help of a literature review that supports adequate analysis and discussion of the material in this research. In India, where a patriarchal system is deeply entrenched,women have long been denied the legal right to own land. Over the years, several strategies have been created to empower women. One of them is starting Self-Help Groups (SHGs) which are created by governmental organizations that generally have broad anti-poverty agendas. The goal of SHGs is to bridge the gap between high-caste and low-caste members. But in fact, the group members mainly belong to the backward and most backward castes, and they collectively form a category known as 'marginalized'. Investing in women's economic empowerment sets a direct path towards gender equality, poverty eradication, and inclusive economic growth. But they also remain disproportionately affected by poverty, discrimination, and exploitation.Are these women only seen as important end-users and beneficiaries to have a better life within the existing patriarchal system?

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Mukhopadhyay, Chandrima. "A nested framework for transparency in Public Private Partnerships: Case studies in highway development projects in India." Progress in Planning 107 (July 2016): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2015.02.001.

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Krishnan, M. Rakesh, and C. Ganesh. "Implementing Corporate Sustainable Development: A Case of an SME from India." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 3, no. 2 (November 24, 2014): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977914548336.

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Studies have repeatedly illustrated how institutions struggle to implement sustainable development models, even when their formal claims indicate strict adoption of principles of sustainable development ( Sean Markey, 2010 ). Relevance of innovative and feasible projects for sustainable development is escalating rapidly among the business community ( Brower, 2011 ). The efforts of many organizations to recognize sustainable development principles as an important community vision is encouraging, but only very few of them have proved themselves in successfully translating their goals into actionable strategies ( Sean Markey, 2010 ). Extra Weave Pvt. Ltd, a small and medium enterprise (SME) in Allapuzha district of the state of Kerala, India, stands out from the crowd in its remarkable achievements in sustainability, overcoming initial challenges and issues in implementation of a sound sustainability development model. This article is a case study of the implementation issues of sustainable development practices at Extra Weave Pvt. Ltd. The study focuses on how communication plays a role in the implementation of sustainable development practices in Extra Weave. The study also discusses how soft system methodology (SSM) was used to identify the issues in implementation and facilitate for appropriate solutions.

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Goel, Rajeev, Ashok, and Sandhya Rani. "AI IN RURAL INDIA: NAVIGATING CHALLENGES, EMBRACING OPPORTUNITIES." International Journal of Engineering Science and Humanities 14, Special Issue 1 (May 13, 2024): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.62904/rkr2dk52.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerged as a game-changer with transformative potential across global sectors. In the unique context of rural India, where socio-economic dynamics diverge significantly from urban centers, AI's impact is poised to be profound, presenting both unprecedented opportunities and daunting challenges. This research paper seeks to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the landscape surrounding AI adoption in rural India. Through an extensive review of existing literature, insightful case studies, and meticulous data analysis, this paper endeavors to delve deeply into the potential benefits AI offers, while concurrently scrutinizing the formidable obstacles it confronts. By meticulously examining how AI can be strategically harnessed, this paper aims to shed light on its capacity to address pivotal rural development issues, all while navigating the complex web of concerns, ranging from accessibility and infrastructural limitations to intricate socio-cultural factors.

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Sivaramakrishnan, K. "Social Structures and Spatial Alignments of Agrarian Urbanisation." Urbanisation 6, no. 1 (May 2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24557471211016597.

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Agrarian urbanisation has gathered pace and intensity in the last few decades after economic liberalisation in India. A faster rate of economic growth has exacerbated the extraction of rural natural resources to supply increased urban demands. At the same time, rural landscapes have been transformed by expanded infrastructure, new industrial ventures, conservation projects and urban sprawl. These processes have been mediated by shifting patterns of caste power and political mobilisation. However, they also seem to have exacerbated social inequality while making historically marginalised groups such as Dalits and Adivasis suffer greater dispossession and livelihood precarity. Case studies from different regions of India reveal both the socio-economic dynamics of regional variation in these broad outcomes of agrarian urbanism, and the cross-regional patterns of environmental degradation, exacerbated inequality and difficulties faced by agrarian society in reproducing itself as an integral part of Indian prosperity and progress.

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Lybæk, Rikke, and Tyge Kjær. "Valorizing the Input and Output Waste Streams from Three PtX Case Studies in Denmark—Adopting a Symbiotic Approach." Waste 1, no. 4 (October 6, 2023): 884–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/waste1040051.

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This study aimed to investigate the waste streams from the production of hydrogen energy carriers from PtX technology and identify how they can be valorized by applying a symbiotic approach to enable greater utilization of the inputs and outputs from such plants. Various electrolysis development projects are under development or in the pipeline in Europe and Denmark, but in many cases, it is not clear how waste streams are emphasized and valued in these projects. Thus, three exploratory case studies (a city, a rural, and an energy hub case) were investigated herein exemplifying state-of-the-art electrolysis projects currently being deployed, with a focus on identifying how and to what extent waste streams are being valorized in these projects and energy system integration is being pursued. Inspired by the industrial symbiosis literature, we analyzed how internal, regional, and long-distance symbiotic collaboration is realized within these cases and found them to be very different in terms of the energy carrier produced, the current development stage, and the access to appropriate energy infrastructure. This paper concludes that the co-location of PtX technology near biogas plants would provide a great opportunity for the integration of the produced energy carriers and waste streams into the existing energy system and, hence, could assist in stabilizing fluctuating renewable energy sources to enable their more efficient use in the energy system.

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Arnall, Alex, David S. G. Thomas, Chasca Twyman, and Diana Liverman. "NGOs, elite capture and community-driven development: perspectives in rural Mozambique." Journal of Modern African Studies 51, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x13000037.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines the problems of elite capture in community-driven development (CDD). Drawing on two case studies of non-governmental organisation (NGO) intervention in rural Mozambique, the authors consider two important variables – (1) the diverse and complex contributions of local elites to CDD in different locations and (2) the roles that non-elites play in monitoring and controlling leader activities – to argue that donors should be cautious about automatically assuming the prevalence of malevolent patrimonialism and its ill-effects in their projects. This is because the ‘checks and balances’ on elite behaviour that exist within locally defined and historically rooted forms of community-based governance are likely to be more effective than those introduced by the external intervener.

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Gradziuk, Barbara. "The LEADER Programme as a Tool of Promoting Rural Development (case study)." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 12, no. 1 (June 9, 2014): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.1078.

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The paper presents the results of studies aimed at determining the role of the LEADER Programme in supporting development of rural areas. The analysis was performed on the basis of a case study of the Local Action Group (LAG) “Ziemia Zamojska”. We used data from the LAG Office and the information contained in its strategic documents. “Ziemia Zamojska” LAG has received a total of PLN 6064 thousand for the implementation of activities under Axis 4 LEADER, of which more than three-quarters is for Action 413 “Implementing Local Development Strategies.” A significant portion of these funds were earmarked for investment projects responding to the immediate needs of the population (community centres, playgrounds, computer rooms with Internet access), which entail greater involvement of local communities. Efficient and effective use of financial resources available to the beneficiaries in the area covered by the local development strategy has a positive impact on the development of such areas and the local community. The opportunities created by financing and independent project implementation improve the quality of life (e.g., through the development of infrastructure), and above all, help to build and strengthen social capital in rural areas.

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Durgaprasad, P., and P. Sivaram. "Good Governance and HRD: Case Studies of User Managed Safe Drinking Water and Health Projects in India." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 17, no. 1 (July 2007): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529120070108.

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