Готові списки джерел за темами / Rubber-sand

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Rubber-sand"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Rubber-sand"

1

Kim, H. K., and J. C. Santamarina. "Sand–rubber mixtures (large rubber chips)." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 10 (October 2008): 1457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-070.

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Анотація:
Mixtures of small rigid sand particles Ds and large soft rubber particles Dr are prepared at different volume fractions and tested to investigate their small-strain and zero-lateral strain responses (Dr /Ds ≈ 10). Both data sets are simultaneously gathered in an oedometer cell instrumented with bender elements. Data are analyzed in the context of mixture theory and with the aid of numerical simulations. Results show that the sand skeleton controls the mixture response when the volume fraction of rubber particles is Vrubber ≤ 0.3, while the rubber skeleton prevails at Vrubber ≥ 0.6. The large size and incompressibility of rubber particles provides high stress-induced stiffness in the sand skeleton near the equatorial plane of rubber particles. The corresponding increase in local small-strain shear modulus Gmax results in earlier wave arrivals in mixtures with Vrubber ≤ 0.3 than in pure sand, while the quasi-static constrained modulus is highest in pure sand. The constrained modulus and shear wave velocity are power functions of the applied effective stress in all mixtures. Results from this study (Dr /Ds ≈ 10) and from a previous complementary study with small rubber particles (Dr /Ds = 0.25) show that the development of internal fabric, particle level processes, and the associated macroscale response of sand–rubber mixtures depend on the relative size between the soft rubber chips and the stiff sand particles Dr /Ds and their volume fractions.
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2

Li, Pei. "Damping Properties and Microstructure Analysis of Microbial Consolidated Rubber Sand." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (September 29, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2338000.

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Up to now, there are few reports on the application of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) consolidated rubber sand. By means of uniaxial or cyclic loading test and SEM test, the consolidation effect of rubber sand samples with different rubber particle content after MICP consolidation is tested and analyzed. The results show that MICP is not affected by the amount of rubber particles; rubber particles improve the compressive strength and deformation ability of consolidated rubber sand samples and significantly enhance the damping ratio, resistance to deformation, and energy dissipation ability of consolidated rubber sand samples. Rubber sand after MICP consolidation is a good shock damping material. The conclusion of this paper provides reference data for the application of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation consolidated rubber sand.
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3

Liu, Yiming, Xinchao Liao, Lihua Li, and Haijun Mao. "Discrete Element Modelling of the Mechanical Behavior of Sand–Rubber Mixtures under True Triaxial Tests." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 5716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245716.

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Анотація:
Sand–rubber mixtures (SRMs) consisting of stiff sand particles and soft rubber particles are typical binary mixture materials that possess a variety of complicated properties. The complexity of the properties of sand–rubber mixtures is increased when complex stress path is involved. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of sand–rubber mixtures under generalized loading conditions using the discrete element method. A series of numerical true triaxial shear tests were conducted on pure sand and sand–rubber mixtures. The effect of rubber content and loading path on both of the macroscopic and microscopic performances of sand–rubber mixtures was investigated, and the associated microscale mechanism was also discussed. Numerical simulations show that the relationship between the peak friction angle ϕp and the intermediate principal stress ratio b is influenced by the addition of rubber particles, and a suggested explanation of this phenomenon is that the rubber particles mainly affect the inherent stability of the strong network. Particle-scale observations, including the coordinate number, the proportion of strong contacts, and the fabric anisotropy, are also presented in this study. Microscopic results confirm the explanation above, and explore the force transmission characteristics of sand–rubber mixtures under generalized loading conditions. This research can provide a reference for the constitutive model development of sand–rubber mixtures.
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4

Cheng, Zhuang, Jianfeng Wang, and Wei Li. "Exploring the micromechanical behaviour of sand-rubber mixtures using X-ray micro-tomography." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 11009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124911009.

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Анотація:
The micromechanical behaviour of sand-rubber mixtures (SRMs) under monotonic triaxial shear were investigated using X-ray micro-tomography. The localisation of sand particle rotations that occurred in a pure sand sample under shear was inhibited in the sand mixed with 30% rubber grains by mass. Meanwhile, the SRMs exhibited an evolution of sand-sand contact coordination number that is not negatively correlated with sample porosity, dramatically different from that was observed in pure sands. Substantially increasing anisotropy degree of sand-rubber contacts compared with minor changes of sandsand contact fabric was observed, implying the increasingly important role of sand-rubber contacts in the transmission of deviatoric loads as the shear of SRMs progressed.
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5

Li, Jianfeng, Jie Cui, Yi Shan, Yadong Li, and Bo Ju. "Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Sand–Rubber Mixtures under Large Strain Range." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 4017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184017.

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Анотація:
Adding rubber into sands has been found to improve the mechanical behavior of sands, including their dynamic properties. However, ambiguous and even contradictory results have been reported regarding the dynamic behavior of sand–rubber mixtures, particularly in terms of the damping ratio. A series of cyclic triaxial tests were, therefore, performed under a large range of shear strains on sand–rubber mixtures with varying rubber volume contents, rubber particle sizes, and confining pressures. The results indicate the dynamic shear modulus decreases with increasing rubber volume content and with decreasing particle size and confining pressure. The relationship of the damping ratio to the evaluated parameters is complicated and strain-dependent; at shear strains less than a critical value, the damping ratio increases with increasing rubber volume content, whereas the opposite trend is observed at greater shear strains. Furthermore, sand–rubber mixtures with different rubber particle sizes exceed the damping ratio of pure sand at different rubber volume contents. A new empirical model to predict the maximum shear moduli of mixtures with various rubber volume contents, rubber particle sizes, and confining pressures is accordingly proposed. This study provides a reference for the design of sand–rubber mixtures in engineering applications.
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6

Enquan, Zhou, and Wang Qiong. "Experimental Investigation on Shear Strength and Liquefaction Potential of Rubber-Sand Mixtures." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (July 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5934961.

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Анотація:
The application of scrap tires as construction materials in civil engineering is one of the most promising ways to recycle this pollutant. The objective of this study was to investigate the shear strength and liquefaction potential of saturated rubber-sand mixtures. Direct shear tests and cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on rubber-sand mixtures at various rubber contents. It was found that the addition of rubber particles to sand changed the shear stress-horizontal displacement development. The addition of rubber particles to sand improved the shear strength slightly and improved resistance to liquefaction significantly. Additionally, a hyperbolic model was proposed to describe the pore water pressure generation. This study demonstrates the effect of rubber particles on the physical properties of sand.
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7

Zhang, Yunkai, Fei Liu, Yuhan Bao, and Haiyan Yuan. "Research on Dynamic Stress–Strain Change Rules of Rubber-Particle-Mixed Sand." Coatings 12, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101470.

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Анотація:
We conducted GDS dynamic triaxial tests to study the change rules of the hysteresis curve morphology, axial strain, dynamic elastic modulus, and damping ratio of waste tire rubber-mixed sand-based subgrade model samples with different rubber particle sizes, rubber mixing amounts, and loading times. The research revealed the developmental rule of the hysteresis curves of waste tire rubber-mixed-sand samples under cyclic loading. From the analyses and comparison of the dynamic stress–strain change rules of rubber-particle-mixed-sand samples under different test conditions, it was concluded that the dynamic elastic modulus and shear stiffness of rubber-mixed-sand samples were smaller than those of pure sand samples under cyclic loading while their damping ratios were greater than that of pure sand samples, promoting vibration resistance and reduction to a larger extent. Therefore, this conclusion is of guiding significance for engineering practice.
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8

Badarayani, Pravin, Patrick Richard, Bogdan Cazacliu, Riccardo Artoni, and Erdin Ibraim. "A numerical and experimental study of sand-rubber mixtures subjected to oedometric compression." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 14010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199214010.

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Анотація:
The stockpiling of waste tires at landfill sites has become a nuisance for the society. One of the alternatives could be converting the recycled rubber into powdered form and mixing it with soil to use it as the backfill of the retaining structures. This paper is based on the study of such sand-rubber mixtures. In this work, Discrete Element (DEM) simulations were employed to study the mechanical response of sand-rubber mixtures with respect to a column of grains enclosed within a rigid cylindrical confinement, and subjected to an oedometric compression by the fixed velocity displacement of one of the horizontal walls. Further, experimental analysis was also carried out by using a uniaxial load cell to load the sand-rubber mixtures under compression. Different initial packings of sand-rubber mixture were prepared by varying: (a) the packing volume fraction and (b) the volume fraction of rubber. The mechanical response at small strains was studied for these sand-rubber packings. The mixture behavior was observed to be more sand-dominant or rubber-dominant depending on the rubber fraction and the mixture quality. Moreover, variation in the initial volume fraction of the packing also caused a difference in the load bearing of the packings for a given strain and a given rubber fraction.
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9

Al-Rkaby, Alaa H. J. "Strength and Deformation of Sand-Tire Rubber Mixtures (STRM): An Experimental Study." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 41, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0007.

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Анотація:
Abstract Waste material such as used tires is increasing every year, which poses environmental problems. However, such material has been used in several geotechnical applications as alternative lightweight backfill in highway embankments and/or behind retaining walls, providing environmental, economic and technical benefits. These applications require knowledge of engineering properties of soil-tire rubber mixtures. The present study aims to show the possibility of tire rubber usage in sand by evaluating the shear strength and deformability of sand mixed with granulated rubber, in weight percentages between 0 and 50%. The tire rubber content was found to influence the stress-strain and deformation behavior of the mixtures. The shear strength of sand mixed with 10% or 20% tire rubber was higher than that measured for sand only. However, the trend for TRC = 30–50% was different. Samples with a rubber content of 30-50% exhibited a rapid decrease in the stress ratio compared with that of sand. The major principal strain at maximum stress ratio was found to increase with increasing tire rubber content. However, it was observed that the lateral strains (minor and intermediate principal strains) of samples reduced significantly with the addition of tire rubber to the sand.
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10

Ngo, Anh T., and Julio R. Valdes. "Creep of Sand–Rubber Mixtures." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 19, no. 12 (December 2007): 1101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2007)19:12(1101).

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Дисертації з теми "Rubber-sand"

1

Badarayani, Pravin Ravindra. "Sand/waste rubber mixtures : A micromechanical analysis." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0045.

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Анотація:
Les déchets issus de caoutchouc (pneus usagés) sont produits en grand nombre par nos industries et par notre mode de vie. Afin de réduire leur impact sur l’environnement et de s’inscrire dans une logique d’économie circulaire, il est envisageable de recycler ces déchets dans des matériaux granulaires dans le but d’obtenir des composites aux propriétés notables. L’objectif de ce projet est d'étudier si l'ajout de grains de caoutchouc dans les sols à base de sable améliore les propriétés des matériaux ainsi obtenus. Ce projet porte ainsi sur l’étude des composites caoutchouc-sable et en particulier sur la relation entre la qualité du mélange obtenu et les propriétés mécaniques. Les expériences caractérisant le mélange du sable et du caoutchouc ont été effectuées. La caractérisation de nos mélanges sable/caoutchouc a montré la présence de ségrégation. Dans le but de quantifier l’effet de cette dernière sur les propriétés mécaniques de nos mélanges, des tests mécaniques classiques à l’oedomètre ont été réalisés et en plus des simulations de type éléments discrets (DEM) ont été réalisées. L’importance de cette ségrégation sur les propriétés mécaniques n’est pas forcément cruciale, notamment à forte fraction volumique de caoutchouc. Nous avons également montré que des outils numériques pouvaient être utilisés à bon escient pour comprendre les mécanismes à l’échelle du grain
A huge amount of waste tires is dumped at the landfill sites. Such a waste is posing an environmental hazard. It is high time to reduce their impact on the environment in a sustainable way and hence recycle them. One of the options is to recycle these waste tires, convert them into powdered form and use this granular rubber with other granular materials, e.g. soil to improve their properties. This study is based on the analysis of such sand-rubber mixtures. In particular, the focus of this study is to investigate the effect of quality of mixing on the mechanical response of such sand-rubber mixtures. The study began with characterizing the segregation of sand and rubber for specific conditions, i.e. mixing and under vertical taps. The experiments pointed out segregation in such mixtures. Hence, it was interesting to study its effect on the mechanical response of these mixtures by performing classic oedometer experiments and also with the help of Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations. It was concluded that the segregation did not have a crucial effect on the mixtures, especially for important rubber volume fractions. For rubber volume fractions up to 25% however, it showed a considerable effect on the mechanical response of these mixtures. The use of DEM simulations helped to better understand the effect of mixing quality by relating the properties observed at the grainscale level such as contact forces, force distribution, etc. with the macroscopic response of these mixtures
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2

Amiralian, Saeid. "Measuring the Mechanical Response of Sand-Rubber Composites as a Geotechnical Material." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/69411.

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This thesis presents a comprehensive experimental program were conducted on 18 sand composites contain the various dosage of cementitious material and rubber buffing. According to the result, the structure of the composite matrix is defined by the percentage of rubber in the mixture, was directly affected by the geotechnical properties of composites. The stress-dilation correlation proposed from scale effect study was subsequently verified by creating a numerical model for predicting the shear strength behaviour of composites.
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3

Dodds, Jake Steven. "Particle Shape and Stiffness." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8063.

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Анотація:
Particle shape is evaluated on three scales corresponding to form, roundness and roughness. Shape at each of these scales uniquely influences material behavior. The shape of sand grains is largely formed as magma cools. Subsequent cleavage and abrasion change the roundness and roughness of particles. Published results indicate that particle shape influences several aspects of granular systems behavior including stiffness, strength, the evolution of strength anisotropy, dilation, and the development of strain localization. The crushing of granite creates a particulate material with a unique angular shape. A wide range of experimental studies implemented as part of this research permit assembling a unique database of material parameters and comparing the behavior of several crushed and natural sands. In general, the low roundness of crushed sands leads to higher maximum void ratios, lower small strain stiffnesses, and higher critical state friction angles than more rounded natural sands. It also impacts mortar strength and workability. Previous studies have emphasized size-controlled segregation. New experimental results show that differences in particle shape can also lead to segregation in a binary granular material. Round or spherical particles are more mobile than angular or flat particles. Then, the greater motion of round or spherical particles in a binary mixture subjected to horizontal or vertical vibration results in their segregation from their angular or flat neighbors. Particle shape may change significantly with stress in the case of soft particles. Therefore, the presence of shape-deformable particles decreases the stiffness of binary rigid-soft particle mixtures. However, macro-scale measurements with rigid-soft mixtures show higher stiffness than would be expected by volume averaging techniques. A subsequent microscale study shows the formation of backbone chains made of the rigid particles, partially supported by the soft particles which prevent the buckling of the load-carrying chains.
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4

Cole, Robert Paul. "Ballistic Penetration of a Sandbagged Redoubt Using Silica Sand and Pulverized Rubber of Various Grain Sizes." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3565.

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Анотація:
The basis of this work is to find how varying the grain size of materials contained in sandbags (sand and crumb rubber) effects the ballistic penetration of the projectiles from both the 7.62x39mm (308-short), and 9mm Luger cartridges. The sandbags were stacked in a pyramidal stacking configuration according to military specifications in order to simulate a section of a sandbag barrier or redoubt as would be seen on the battlefield. The projectiles were fired at the targets, and the velocity and penetration data was recorded. The results concern both military and civilian applications alike. The 7.62x39 round was found to experience more fragmentation as grain size increased, and was also found to have, on average, the least amount of penetration into the largest grains. The 9mm round was found to suffer negligible deformation in all of the various sizes of materials, and when fired at the two types of materials, showed a steady trend of decreasing penetration depth with increasing grain size. The sand had a wearing effect on the projectiles leaving them scared or fragmented and deformed while the rubber kept the rounds in pristine condition.
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5

Halley, William G. "Evaluating abrasive wear resistance of extruder tooling materials using the dry sand rubber wheel abrasion test." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42102.

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Анотація:
A series of experiments was performed on groups of samples made from materials currently used to manufacture tooling for extruders to determine if the ASTM G65 dry sand rubber wheel abrasion test could be used as an accelerated test to evaluate candidate materials. Samples were tested in the heat treated condition and after surface modification by plasma ion nitriding. The range of materials tested included medium and high alloy steels and steel bonded carbide composites. The abrasives used were AFS 50/70 test sand and Dresser Glasgrain crushed fused silica.

Evaluation of test wear scars and wear debris from the tests using AFS 50/70 showed that delamination was the primary wear mechanism for the composite materials, with some ploughing and microcutting, while ploughing and microcutting were the primary mechanisms in the wear of the steels. Evaluation of parts made from a composite material which were removed from service indicated that matrix erosion was the primary wear mechanism. Tests with Glasgrain fused silica as the abrasive yielded wear scars with the same morphology as the parts returned from service, but the very poor flow characteristics of this material caused inconsistency in the supply of this abrasive to the contact region.

Interrupted tests showed that the wear rate was constant for the steels in the non-nitrided condition. After nitriding, the wear rate increased with test duration. The nitriding was found to act as a barrier coating providing an initial period of very low wear until the nitride layer is broached. The wear rate then increases to approximate the wear rate of the non-nitrided samples.

It was found that the friction force alters the location of the maximum normal force, shifting the point of greatest contact force toward the entry end of the wear scar.
Master of Science

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6

Abidoye, Luqman K. "Dynamic two-phase flow in porous media and its implications in geological carbon sequestration." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16341.

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Анотація:
Two-phase flow in porous media is an important subsurface process that has significant impacts on the global economy and environments. To study two-phase system in porous media, capillary pressure (Pc ), relative permeability (Kr), bulk electrical conductivity (σb) and bulk relative permittivity (εb) are often employed as characterization parameters. Interestingly, all of these parameters are functions of water saturation (S). However, the non-uniqueness in the Pc -S, Kr-S,σb-S and εb-S relationships pose considerable challenges in employing them for effective monitoring and control of the two-phase flow processes. In this work, laboratory scale experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the factors and conditions contributing to the non-uniqueness in the above relationships for silicone oil-water and supercritical CO2-water flow in porous media, with a special emphasis on geological carbon sequestration. Specifically, the dynamic capillary pressure effect, which indicates the dependence of the Pc - S relationship on the rate of change of saturation (αS/αt) during two-phase flow in porous media was investigated. Using a silicone oil-water system, the dynamic capillary pressure effect was quantified in term of the parameter named the dynamic coefficient, τ , and it was found to be dependent on the domain scale and the viscosity ratio of the two fluids. It was found that τ increases with the domain scale and the viscosity ratio. It is inversely affected by αS αt , which is related to the degree of resistance to the fluid motion, namely, viscosity. In almost all cases, τ was found to decrease monotonically with an increase in water saturation, S. An order increase in magnitude of τ was observed as the domain scale increases from 4cm scale to 8cm in height. A similar order of increase in τ was observed in the 12cm high domain scale. There is an order increase in the value of τ for the silicone oilwater system as the viscosity ratio increases from 200 to 500. For the supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and water system in porous media, the experiments and numerical simulations showed that τ increases with rising system temperature and decreasing porous media permeability. Dimensionless analysis of the silicone oil-water experimental results showed that by constructing non-dimensional groups of quantities expressing a relationship among different variables on which τ depends, it is possible to summarise the experimental results and determine their functional relationship. A generalised scaling relationship for τ was derived from the dimensionless analysis which was then validated against independent literature data. The exercise showed that the τ-S relationship obtained from the literature and the ii scaling relationship match reasonably well. This work also demonstrated the applicability of an artificial neural network (ANN) as an alternative computational platform for the prediction of the domain scale dependence of τ . The dependence of the Kr-S relationship on αS/αt was also investigated. The results showed that the Kr-S curve under dynamic flow condition is different from that under the quasi-static condition. Kr for water (Krw) increases with increasing water saturation and decreases with the increase in viscosity ratio while Kr for silicone oil (Krnw) increases with decreasing water saturation as well as with the increase in viscosity ratio. Also, Krw decreases while Krnw increases with the increasing boundary pressure. However, the εb-S and σb-S relationships were found to be independent of αS/αt for the scCO2-water system in carbonate and silicate porous media. Nevertheless, the εb and σb values decrease as the water saturation decreases in the two porous media samples. While εb decreases with increase in temperature in silica sand, the trend in the limestone showed a slight increase with temperature, especially at high water saturation. Also, the εb-S relationship is shown to be affected by pressure in silica sand increasing with the pressure of the domain. On the contrary, the σb-S relationship increases as the temperature increases with more significance at higher water saturation in the silica sand sample. This work further demonstrated the application of a membrane in the monitoring of the CO2 in geological sites used for carbon sequestration. Commercial silicone rubber coupled with a pressure transducer showed potential in the detection of CO2 leakage from geological sites. The response of the device in terms of the mass of permeated gas, permeability and gas flux were investigated for both CO2 and N2. In addition, the monitoring of potable water contamination in a shallow aquifer by the migrating or leaking of CO2 is demonstrated with the combination of the pH analysis, geoelectrical measurement techniques and the membrane-sensor system. Overall, the work in this PhD research demonstrated robust applications of two-phase systems'characterization parameters under different scenarios in the porous media. Implications of the findings in this work to the monitoring and control of two-phase systems in porous media are expatiated.
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7

Murgatroyd, J. "Impact energy absorption of playground surfaces." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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8

Manohar, D. R. "Charaterization of Sand-Rubber Mixture and Numerical Analysis for Vibration Isolation." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/3150.

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Scrap tyres provide numerous advantages from the viewpoint of civil engineering practices. Scrap tyres are light weight, have high vibration absorption, high elastic compressibility, high hydraulic conductivity, and temperature isolation potential. Scrap tyres have a thermal resistivity that is about seven times higher than soil; they produce low earth pressure and absorb vibrations. Many new techniques have emerged with time to utilize these advantageous characteristics for practical purposes in civil engineering. Though current reuse and recovery of scrap tyres has reduced the amount of landfills, but still there is a need for developing additional practices for the reuse of scrap tyres. Moreover, most of present practices do not use its vibration absorption capacity efficiently. To use the scrap tyres as individual material or mixed with soil in civil engineering applications, the systematic understanding of static and dynamic properties of sand-rubber mixtures (SRM) are of prime importance. In the present study an attempt has been made to characterize the SRM to use them as low-cost isolation material for low-to-medium rise buildings. Proposal of this isolation system using SRM is addressed in this study in four parts; in the first part, the estimation of shear strength and volumetric characteristics of the SRM were carried out. A total of seven different rubber sizes (six sizes of granulated rubber; 2 - 1 mm; 4.75 - 2 mm; 5.6 - 4.75 mm; 8 - 5.6 mm; 8 - 9.5 mm; 12.5 - 9.5 mm and one size of tyre chips; 20 - 12.5 mm) were considered for characterizing the SRM, and the rubber size which has higher shear strength characteristics is identified as optimum size for further studies. Second part deals with the effect of reinforcement on SRM with higher rubber content (50% and 75% rubber by volume). In the third part, dynamic properties of selected SRM combination with and without reinforcement were generated from experimental studies. In the last part, the numerical analysis was carried out using finite element program Strand7 to find out optimum dimension of proposed isolation scheme and reduction of spectral accelerations. In addition, the laboratory model tests were also carried out on square footing supported on unreinforced and reinforced SRM. The relative performances of reinforcement on settlement characteristics of SRM for 50% and 75% SRM have been compared with unreinforced SRM. Engineering behaviour of SRM has been studied by considering different rubber sizes and compositions by carrying out large scale direct shear test and Unconsolidated Undrained (UU) triaxial test. The shear strength characteristics such as peak shear stress, cohesion, friction angle, secant/elastic modulus, volumetric strain, failure and ultimate strength, ductility/brittleness index, and energy absorption capacity of sand and SRM were determined. The optimum percentage rubber content based on maximum shear strength and energy absorption capacity has been arrived. The granulated rubber size (12.5 - 9.5 mm) and percentage ratio, 30% by volume is found to be optimum size and content, which gives the maximum energy absorption capacity and lower brittleness index values compared to other rubber sizes. This chapter also describes the applicability of concept of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to identify an approximate response surface model from experimental investigations on the engineering properties of sand and SRM. The experimental data were quantitatively analyzed by multiple regression models by correlating response variables with input variables in this study. To consume more tyres in SRM, rubber mix of 50 % and 75 % mixes are studied and these SRM results in lower shear strength and higher volume change when compared to 30 % SRM. To improve shear strength and reduce compressibility, geosynthetic reinforcement study has been carried out for 50% and 75% rubber by volume. Here geotextile, geogrid and geonets were used as reinforcement and number of layers and spacing between layers were varied. Finally type of reinforcement, number of layers and optimum spacing are arrived for the optimum rubber size of 12.5 - 9.5 mm for reinforced SRM. This study found that 4 layers with equal spacing of geotextile for 50 % SRM and geonet for 75 % SRM shows better strength when compared to other combinations. Further dynamic properties such as shear modulus and damping values at different strain level are estimated for red soil, sand, 30 % SRM and unreinforced and reinforced 50 % and 75 % SRM by carrying out resonant column tests and cyclic triaxial tests. The normalized shear modulus and damping ratio curves have been developed for these materials. The experimental results indicate that, shear modulus increases for 30% rubber by volume when compared to sand, thereafter the shear modulus values decreased with a further increase in rubber content in SRM. Whereas the damping ratio increases with increasing rubber content in SRM. For sand and SRM, with an increase in confining pressure shear modulus increases and damping ratio decreases. Based on the comprehensive set of experimental results, a modified hyperbolic model has been proposed. These properties are further used in the numerical analysis to find out the effectiveness of SRM as isolation material. Numerical dynamic analysis has been carried out on a 2-D finite element model of the soil-foundation-structure system. The building model has been generated considering the typical G+2 building resting on 20 m thick soil followed by rock depth and foundation is placed at 2.0 m below ground level. The beams and columns in the superstructure are modeled using 2-D frame elements. The soil column has been modeled using 4-noded 2-D plane strain plate elements. Considering the transmitting boundary condition, viscous dampers are implemented at the base of the computational soil domain in order to mitigate the reflective effects of waves. The Newmark family method (average acceleration method) has been used to calculate the displacement, velocity and acceleration vectors. Comprehensive numerical simulations have been carried out on the soil-foundation-structure system by varying rubber content in SRM (30%, 50% and 75% granulated rubber by volume), depth and thickness of SRM around footing and considering two input earthquake acceleration time history. It was found that earthquake vibrations are considerably reduced for SRM with higher rubber content. The optimum dimension of SRM giving maximum reduction in shaking level is found to be 3B below the footing and 0.75B (where B is the width of footing) on the side of the footing. Generally, the shaking levels at different floor can be reduced by 30-50%, with the use of 75% SRM. The results also indicated that the effectiveness of proposed system would depend on the characteristics of ground motion. To study the bearing capacity of square footing on SRM, laboratory model tests were carried out on square footing supported on unreinforced and reinforced SRM. The SRM combination which have been used for numerical studies are used in this model studies to know the bearing capacity and settlement characteristics. The optimum dimension of SRM around footing has been constructed. Model tests results show that, the bearing capacity decreases and settlement increases steadily with the increase in rubber content in SRM. Addition of reinforcement to SRM significantly improved the bearing capacity and reduced settlement characteristics. Reinforced SRM may be used as an effective low cost isolation scheme to reduce earthquake vibrations.
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Khatami, Hamidreza. "A study of arching effect in soils incorporating receycled tyres." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/118117.

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The term ‘arching effect’ refers to the phenomenon of stress redistribution in granular materials because of induced differential displacements and/or significant stiffness difference between the substituted and original materials. Arching is frequently observed in different geotechnical practice such as piled and geogrid-reinforced embankments, foundation piles, retaining walls, backfills, tunnelling, buried pipes, and excavation. Knowledge of arching mechanism serves to assist engineers in optimising their soil-structure design. Investigation of mechanical properties and potential applications of recycled-tyre-based aggregates has been carried out extensively over the last 25 years firstly to exploit the beneficial engineering properties of waste tyres such as their light weight as backfilling material and secondly to mitigate their environmental impact. However, to the author’s knowledge, no previous study of the arching effect in rubber-soil mixtures have been reported in literature at the time of this research. As rubberised soil is gradually establishing its place as a suitable and cost-effective alternative to natural aggregate in geotechnical work, it is worthwhile to have a thorough knowledge of the arching effect in rubber-soil mixtures. This thesis aims at experimentally investigating the arching effect in a coarse sand and rubber-soil mixtures using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique and stress measurements. Active and passive arching modes in soil and rubberised soil were studied and compared. To do so, a replicate of Terzaghi’s original trapdoor apparatus was manufactured and filled with dyed sand and 10% and 30% (by weight) rubberised sand. Imaging and DIC analysis of the arching effect induced deformation in the trapdoor apparatus for the aforementioned granular material were conducted using VicSnap and VIC-2D computer programs. The distribution regimes of vertical and horizontal displacements and strains in the specimen cross-sectional area were obtained and interpreted. Additionally, shear strains, major and minor principal strains, and volumetric strains were computed and analysed. The effect of a central 5 kPa surcharge on these variables was also studied. It was observed that the DIC technique provides small-scale information and insights into how and where the arching effect creates zones of different local deformations within soil. The patterns and values of these deformation fields were found to be dependent on the test conditions and material type. As part of the experimental plan, the evolution of stresses over the trapdoor element and its adjacent, static bases, was recorded during the experiments using a number of stress sensors.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2018
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Книги з теми "Rubber-sand"

1

Bartlett, Richard D. Rosy, rubber, and sand boas: Facts & advice on care and breeding. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's, 2005.

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2

Anthony, Mel. Smoke, Sand, & Rubber. Sylvester Publishing #133, 2006.

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Частини книг з теми "Rubber-sand"

1

Amanta, Adyasha Swayamsiddha, and Satyanarayana Murty Dasaka. "Dynamic Response of Dry Rubber Tire Chips and Sand Mixture." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 581–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1831-4_51.

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2

Anjali, K. P., and Renjitha Mary Varghese. "Performance Evaluation of Scrap Rubber-Sand Mixture Reinforced with Geogrids." In Recent Advances in Transportation Systems Engineering and Management, 519–31. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2273-2_34.

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3

Madhusudhan, B. R., A. Boominathan, and Subhadeep Banerjee. "Properties of Sand–Rubber Tyre Shreds Mixtures for Seismic Isolation Applications." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 267–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0562-7_29.

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4

Dhanya, J. S., A. Boominathan, and Subhadeep Banerjee. "Performance of Sand–Rubber Mixture Infill Trench for Ground Vibration Screening." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 139–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0077-7_14.

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5

Liu, Fang-cheng, Meng-tao Wu, and Jun Yang. "Experimental Study on Normalized Stress-Strain Behavior of Geogrid Reinforced Rubber Sand Mixtures." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics, 307–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0122-3_34.

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6

Zhou, Ziye, Hongjie Lin, and Jiankun Liu. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Compression Behavior of Calcareous Sand-Rubber Mixture." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 689–95. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5217-3_68.

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7

Barman, Rahul, Abir Sarkar, and Debjit Bhowmik. "Numerical Study on Vibration Screening Using Trench Filled with Sand–Crumb Rubber Mixture." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 269–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9976-7_25.

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8

Boominathan, A., J. S. Dhanya, and P. J. Silpa. "Use of Sand-Rubber Mixture (SRM)-Filled Trenches for Pile Driving Induced Vibration Screening." In Challenges and Innovations in Geomechanics, 205–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64514-4_14.

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9

Senetakis, Kostas, Anastasios Anastasiadis, Kyriazis Pitilakis, and Argiro Souli. "Dynamic Behavior of Sand/Rubber Mixtures, Part II: Effect of Rubber Content on G/GO-γ-DT Curves and Volumetric Threshold Strain." In Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction, 248–64. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp49473t.

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10

Senetakis, Kostas, Anastasios Anastasiadis, Kyriazis Pitilakis, and Argiro Souli. "Dynamic Behavior of Sand/Rubber Mixtures, Part II: Effect of Rubber Content on G/GO-γ-DT Curves and Volumetric Threshold Strain." In Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction, 248–64. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp154020120012.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Rubber-sand"

1

Benavente-Huaman, Eduardo, Mauricio Navarro-Cardenas, and Gary Duran-Ramirez. "Strength Behaviour of Shredded Rubber Silty Sand Mixtures." In 2019 7th International Engineering, Sciences and Technology Conference (IESTEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iestec46403.2019.00087.

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2

Lee, Changho, Yong-Hoon Byun, and Jong-Sub Lee. "Behavior of Sand-Rubber Mixtures According to Strain Level." In GeoFlorida 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41095(365)62.

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3

Bandyopadhyay, Tirtha Sathi, Pradipta Chakrabortty, and A. Hegde. "Pullout Behaviour of Geogrid in Sand-Crumb Rubber Mixtures." In The 7th World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icgre22.180.

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4

El-Sherbiny, Rami, Ahmed Youssef, and Hani Lotfy. "Triaxial Testing on Saturated Mixtures of Sand and Granulated Rubber." In Geo-Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412787.009.

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5

ADEBOJE, ADEYEMI OLUWASEUN, WILLIAMS KEHINDE KUPOLATI, EMMANUEL ROTIMI SADIKU, and JULIUS MUSYOKA NDAMBUKI. "ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH SAND PARTIALLY SUBSTITUTED WITH CRUMB RUBBER." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm180191.

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6

Eidgahee, Danial Rezazadeh, and Ehsan Seyedi Hosseininia. "Mechanical behavior modeling of sand-rubber chips mixtures using discrete element method (DEM)." In POWDERS AND GRAINS 2013: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4811919.

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7

Baginda, Muhammad Sultan, Basuki Wirjosentono, Tamrin, Amir Hamzah Siregar, and Diana Adnanda Nasution. "Efficiency of maleic anhydride-modified polystyrene/natural rubber blends as sand aggregate binder." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS, MINERALS & POLYMER (MAMIP) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0015717.

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8

Chen, Danmeng, Mingxin Wang, Hanbing Wang, and Yunkai Zhang. "Research on the cumulative strain rules of rubber mixed sand under traffic load." In 2021 4th International Symposium on Traffic Transportation and Civil Architecture (ISTTCA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isttca53489.2021.9654780.

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9

Athira, Nadhila, Basuki Wirjosentono, Tamrin, Amir Hamzah Siregar, and Diana Adnanda Nasution. "Modification of natural rubber (SIR 10) with maleic anhydride as binder for sand aggregate." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS, MINERALS & POLYMER (MAMIP) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0015722.

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10

Kurniawan, Ajie, Basuki Wirjosentono, Tamrin, Amir Hamzah Siregar, and Diana Adnanda Nasution. "Preparation and characterisations of maleic anhydride-modified-(asphalt, natural rubber, and polystyrene) blends containing sand aggregate." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS, MINERALS & POLYMER (MAMIP) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0015735.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Rubber-sand"

1

Bernal, Andres, C. Lovell, and Rodrigo Salgado. Laboratory Study on the Use of tire Shreds and Rubber-Sand in Backfilled and Reinforced Soil Applications. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313259.

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