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Статті в журналах з теми "RPC DETECTOR"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

L, Umesh, S. S. R. Inbanathan, M. N. Saraf, B. Satyanarayana, R. R. Shinde, and G. Majumder. "Study and characterisation of pad-based readout for RPC detector." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 07 (July 1, 2022): P07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/07/p07008.

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Abstract The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is a parallel plate avalanche type particle detector which uses a gas mixture as its active detection medium. While high resistivity materials like glass or bakelite plates are commonly used as the detector electrodes, plastic core-based and metal foil laminated pickup panels with segmented strips are used to readout the induced signals. Large area RPCs (of dimension 2 m× 2 m) of this design are chosen as the active detector elements for the India-based Neutrino Observatory's (INO) magnetised Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector. One of the main goals of the ICAL detector is a precision measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters. As part of the ongoing detector R&D, a pad-based — instead of strip-based readout — scheme is being developed to improve localization of particle hit positions, while retaining good charge profile and noise rate characteristics of the strip-based RPC based detectors.

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2

Antoniazzi, L., G. Introzzi, A. Lanza, G. Liguori, and P. Torre. "The E771 RPC muon detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 315, no. 1-3 (May 1992): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(92)90686-x.

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3

Colafranceschi, Stefano. "Construction of an RPC using additive manufacturing technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012139.

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Анотація:

In this work, we report the progress in the design and construction of an RPC detector fully built using additive manufacturing technology, an emerging/interdisciplinary engineering domain only partially utilized in HEP. Our novel design of the 3D detector stack can be automatically and fully constructed in a short time, ensuring repeatability and accuracy, while minimizing construction mistakes. 3D printing, applied to instrumentation for physics enhances detector performance and capabilities, cutting construction costs and improving standardization over large-scale productions. The delivered detector constitutes a new generation of RPC detectors, electrically equivalent to the existing ones but mechanically better and standardized according to the prescribed specifications. We aim at proving the feasibility studies of a 3D printed detector that features state-of-art performance, at a fraction of the cost and potentially constructed without the need of external industrial partners.

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4

Datta, Jaydeep, Nayana Majumdar, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, and Sandip Sarkar. "Numerical calculation of RPC time resolution." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2349, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2349/1/012003.

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Анотація:

Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is a gaseous detector, known for its good spatial resolution and excellent time resolution. Due to its fast response and excellent time resolution, it is used for both triggering and timing purpose. But the time resolution of RPC is dependent on the detector geometry, applied voltage and the gas mixture used for detector operation. In this work, we have tried to develop a numerical model to estimate the time resolution of the detector. The model is developed using COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercially available finite element method solver. Using the primary ionization information from HEED and the electron transport properties from MAGBOLTZ, the model solves the Boltzmann equations to simulate the avalanche in the detector and finds the time to cross a previously determined threshold current, which is used to measure the time resolution of the detector.

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5

Lagarde, F., A. Fagot, M. Gul, C. Roskas, M. Tytgat, N. Zaganidis, S. Fonseca De Souza, et al. "High Rate RPC detector for LHC." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 10 (October 23, 2019): C10037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/10/c10037.

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6

Margato, L. M. S., A. Morozov, A. Blanco, P. Fonte, L. Lopes, K. Zeitelhack, R. Hall-Wilton, et al. "Multilayer 10B-RPC neutron imaging detector." Journal of Instrumentation 15, no. 06 (June 5, 2020): P06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/06/p06007.

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7

Yamaga, M., A. Abashian, K. Abe, K. Abe, P. K. Behera, S. Chidzik, K. Gotow, et al. "RPC systems for BELLE detector at KEKB." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 456, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00973-6.

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8

Colaleo, A., F. Loddo, M. Maggi, A. Ranieri, M. Abbrescia, R. Guida, G. Iaselli, et al. "The compact muon solenoid RPC barrel detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 602, no. 3 (May 2009): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.234.

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9

Aly, R. "Longevity study on the CMS resistive plate chambers for HL-LHC." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 08 (August 1, 2022): C08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/08/c08008.

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Анотація:

Abstract The CMS Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system has been certified for 10 years of LHC operation. In the next years, during the High luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase, the LHC instantaneous luminosity will increase to a factor five more than the existing LHC luminosity. This will subject the present CMS RPC system to background rates and operating conditions much higher with respect to those for which the detectors have been designed. Those conditions could affect the detector properties and introduce nonrecoverable aging effects. A dedicated longevity test is set up in the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) to determine if the present RPC detectors can survive the hard background conditions during the HL-LHC running period. During the irradiation test, the RPC detectors are exposed to a high gamma radiation for a long period and the detector main parameters are monitored as a function of the integrated charge. Based on collecting a large fraction of the expected integrated charge at the LH-LHC. The results of the irradiation test will be presented.

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10

Li, Q., X. Xie, Y. Sun, J. Ge, and Z. Xue. "Application of strip electrode in single-gap RPC." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): P11037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/11/p11037.

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Анотація:

Abstract The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is widely used in High Energy Physics experiments as trigger detector to take advantage of its good time resolution and high efficiency. A conventional RPC detector consists of one gas gap covered by graphite layers on both side. The working voltage is applied on these layers and the charge of avalanche dissipates through them. In this paper, a design which removes the graphite layers and uses the readout strips as the electrode is applied to simplify the structure of this detector. This design eliminates the challenge of controlling the uniformity of the graphite layer and simplifies the detector structure.

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11

Yu-Guang, Xie, Li Wei-Dong, Liang Yu-Tie, You Zheng-Yun, Mao Ya-Jun, Zhang Jia-Wen, Bian Jian-Ming, et al. "Calibration of RPC-based muon detector at BESIII." Chinese Physics C 34, no. 3 (March 2010): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/34/3/008.

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12

Zhang, Qingmin, Yifang Wang, Jiawen Zhang, Jun Cao, Talent Kwok, Yuen-Keung Hor, Jin Chen, Liehua Ma, Jifeng Han, and Sen Qian. "An underground cosmic-ray detector made of RPC." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 583, no. 2-3 (December 2007): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.09.052.

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13

Ran, Han. "Induced charge signal of a glass RPC detector." Chinese Physics C 38, no. 4 (April 2014): 046002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/38/4/046002.

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14

Saraf, M. N., E. Yuvaraj, V. M. Datar, G. Majumder, Pathaleswar, Pethuraj, B. Satyanarayana, et al. "INO’s RPC-DAQ module: Performance review and upgrade plans." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012102.

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Анотація:

The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) has proposed to build a magnetised Iron-CALorimeter (ICAL) to study atmospheric neutrinos. The ICAL detector will use 28,800 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) of 2 m × 2 m area as active detector elements. The particle interaction signals in the RPCs are amplified and converted into logic signals using discriminators. These logic signals are processed by the RPC-DAQ module which is mounted with every RPC. RPC-DAQ is built around Intel’s Cyclone IV FPGA, HPTDC and Ethernet controller W5300. Pre-trigger signals generated in each RPC-DAQ, participate in forming a global event trigger (GT). On receiving the GT, the RPC-DAQ records mainly the event time, RPC strip-hit pattern along with relative time stamps of the hits. The strip rates, are recorded periodically in order to monitor the health of the RPCs. The RPC-DAQ then packages these data and sends them over Ethernet to the back-end servers. RPC-DAQ performance and upgrade plans will be presented.

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15

Apostolakis, J., G. Folger, A. Ribon, E. Sicking, D. Boumediene, V. Francais, K. Goto, et al. "Description and stability of a RPC-based calorimeter in electromagnetic and hadronic shower environments." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 03 (March 1, 2023): P03035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/03/p03035.

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Abstract The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadron Calorimeter technological prototype completed in 2011 is a sampling calorimeter using Glass Resistive Plate Chamber (GRPC) detectors as the active medium. This technology is one of the two options proposed for the hadron calorimeter of the International Large Detector for the International Linear Collider. The prototype was exposed in 2015 to beams of muons, electrons, and pions of different energies at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The use of this technology for future experiments requires a reliable simulation of its response that can predict its performance. GEANT4 combined with a digitization algorithm was used to simulate the prototype. It describes the full path of the signal: showering, gas avalanches, charge induction, and hit triggering. The simulation was tuned using muon tracks and electromagnetic showers for accounting for detector inhomogeneity and tested on hadronic showers collected in the test beam. This publication describes developments of the digitization algorithm. It is used to predict the stability of the detector performance against various changes in the data-taking conditions, including temperature, pressure, magnetic field, GRPC width variations, and gas mixture variations. These predictions are confronted with test beam data and provide an attempt to explain the detector properties. The data-taking conditions such as temperature and potential detector inhomogeneities affect energy density measurements but have small impact on detector efficiency.

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16

Cardarelli, R., G. Aielli, E. Alunno Camelia, S. Bruno, A. Caltabiano, P. Camarri, A. Di Ciaccio, et al. "RPC performance versus front-end electronics and detector parameters." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 09 (September 17, 2019): C09023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/09/c09023.

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17

Reyes-Almanza, R., A. Dimitrov, A. Fagot, M. Gul, C. Roskas, M. Tytgat, N. Zaganidis, et al. "High voltage calibration method for the CMS RPC detector." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 09 (September 30, 2019): C09046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/09/c09046.

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18

Kumar, A., A. Gaur, Md Hasbuddin, and Md Naimuddin. "RPC detector characteristics and performance for INO-ICAL experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 11, no. 03 (March 16, 2016): C03034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/03/c03034.

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19

Sen, Qian, Wang Yi-Fang, Zhang Jia-Wen, Li Jin, Chen Yuan-Bo, Chen Jin, Wang Zhi-Gang, and Ma Lie-Hua. "Study of the RPC-Gd as thermal neutron detector." Chinese Physics C 33, no. 9 (August 25, 2009): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/33/9/011.

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20

Benussi, L., S. Bianco, S. Colafranceschi, F. L. Fabbri, F. Felli, M. Ferrini, M. Giardoni, et al. "Study of gas purifiers for the CMS RPC detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 661 (January 2012): S241—S244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.08.089.

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21

Banzuzi, Kukka, Matti Iskanius, Ahti Karjalainen, and Tuure Tuuva. "Active fibre optic splitter for the CMS RPC detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 565, no. 2 (September 2006): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.06.032.

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22

Cataldi, G., P. Creti, V. Elia, G. Fiore, E. Gorini, F. Grancagnolo, M. Panareo, et al. "Performance of the E771 RPC muon detector at Fermilab." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 337, no. 2-3 (January 1994): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)91102-9.

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23

Bencivenni, G., R. de Oliveira, G. Felici, M. Gatta, M. Giovannetti, G. Morello, and M. Poli Lener. "The surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC): an RPC based on MPGD technology." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): C06026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/06/c06026.

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Анотація:

Abstract The Surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC) is a novel RPC based on surface resistivity electrodes, a completely different concept with respect to traditional RPCs that use electrodes characterised by volume resistivity. The electrodes of the sRPC exploit the well-established industrial Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) sputtering technology on thin (50 μm) polyimide foils, already introduced in the manufacturing of the resistive MPGDs such as μ-RWELL and MicroMegas, that allows to realise large area (up to 2 × 0.5 m2) electrodes with a surface resistivity spanning over several orders of magnitude (0.01 ÷ 10 GΩ/□). Two detector layout has been developed: the baseline layout with the DLC connected to the HV by a single dot connection outside the active area and the high rate layout with a screen printing a conductive grid onto the DLC film, which exploit the concept of the high density current evacuation scheme first introduced for the μ-RWELL. Besides the use in HEP experiments as timing detector this new technology could be exploited as thermal neutron device for homeland security applications (e.g. Radioactive Portal Monitors for ports and airports), replacing one or both DLC electrodes of the sRPC with plates coated with ∼3 μm thick 10B4C layer, thus obtaining neutron converters inside the active volume of the detector. Results obtained by irradiating the detectors at the calibrated 241Am-B ENEA-Frascati HOTNES facility will be discussed.

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24

Pugliese, G., Y. Ban, J. Cai, Q. Li, S. Liu, S. Qian, D. Wang, et al. "CMS RPC muon detector performance with 2010-2012 LHC data." Journal of Instrumentation 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2014): C12016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/12/c12016.

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25

Abbrescia, M., S. Altieri, G. Belli, G. Bruno, A. Colaleo, R. Guida, G. Iaselli, et al. "First results on RB2 muon barrel RPC detector for CMS." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 508, no. 1-2 (August 2003): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01340-8.

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26

Zhang, Qingmin, Yifang Wang, Jiawen Zhang, Jun Cao, Talent Kwok, Joseph Yuen Keung H, Jin Chen, Liehua Ma, Jifeng Han, and Sen Qian. "Erratum to “An underground cosmic-ray detector made of RPC”." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 586, no. 2 (February 2008): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.11.030.

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27

Sauli, F., U. Amaldi, M. Bucciantonio, G. Borghi, N. Malakhov, and D. Watts. "73 A COMPACT MULTI-GAP RPC DETECTOR FOR TOF-PET." Radiotherapy and Oncology 102 (March 2012): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70050-6.

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28

Aielli, G., P. Camarri, R. Cardarelli, V. Chiostri, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Stante, G. Orengo, and R. Santonico. "RPC front-end electronics for the ATLAS LVL1 trigger detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 409, no. 1-3 (May 1998): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(97)01282-5.

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29

Abe, K., Y. Hoshi, T. Nagamine, K. Neichi, K. Onodera, T. Takahashi, A. Yamaguchi, and H. Yuta. "Neutron sensitivity of the endcap rpc modules in belle detector." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 50, no. 4 (August 2003): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2003.814571.

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30

Samalan, A. "Improved Resistive Plate Chambers for the upgrade of the CMS muon detector." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012006.

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Анотація:

Several upgrades of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment are currently being implemented to ensure a highly performing muon system during the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider which will have an increased integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1. The expected experimental conditions in that period present a challenge for the entire CMS detection system. To extend the RPC coverage, an improved version of the already existing RPCs will be installed in the forward region of the 3rd and 4th endcap disks. The current overall status of this CMS RPC upgrade project is presented.

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31

Ge, J. J., Q. Y. Li, C. Su, Z. W. Xue, Y. W. Liu, Y. J. Sun, and H. Liang. "Development of a front-end electronics for thin-gap resistive plate chamber." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): T11004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/11/t11004.

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Анотація:

Abstract To cope with the challenge of high hit rates in some applications, the new-generation large-area Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) with 1 mm thin gap was proposed. Compared to the RPC generation presently, the signal of the thin-gap RPC is much weaker (of the order of hundreds of μV) and faster (pulse width of about 5 ns). Hence a new-generation Front-End (FE) electronics needs to be developed for the thin-gap RPC. The FE board contains 8 independent electronic channels, each with an amplifier, a discriminator, and a Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) transmitter. The amplifier is made of discrete components, with particular emphasis on SiGe:C transistors. A simplified but stable power system is designed for the FE board, and its status can be monitored in real-time. The test results show that the overall charge gain of the FE amplifier reaches 0.4 mV/fC, with very low noise (lower than 700 μV RMS with up to 10 pF input detector capacitance), and good linearity when the amplitude of the input amplitude is lower than 3 mV. The -3-dB bandwidth of the amplifier reaches 154 MHz. The jitter caused by the electronics (including amplifier, discriminator and LVDS transmitter) is around 10 ps when the threshold voltage is higher than 20 mV. The maximum event rate per channel exceeds 20 MHz. The cosmic ray test was conducted with two FE boards mounted on a 1 mm thin-gap RPC of 1.4 × 0.4 m2 area. The efficiency of the detector system reaches 95% when the threshold voltage is 20 mV, with almost no accidental coincidence event. The overall time resolution of the detector system is 484 ps. The performance of our FE electronics satisfies the requirement of the thin-gap RPC.

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32

Shah, M. A., R. Hadjiska, A. Fagot, M. Gul, C. Roskas, M. Tytgat, N. Zaganidis, et al. "The CMS RPC detector performance and stability during LHC RUN-2." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 11 (November 11, 2019): C11012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/11/c11012.

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33

Morozov, A., L. M. S. Margato, and I. Stefanescu. "Simulation-based optimization of a multilayer 10B-RPC thermal neutron detector." Journal of Instrumentation 15, no. 03 (March 20, 2020): P03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/03/p03019.

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34

Gul, M., G. Gonzalez Blanco, A. Cimmino, S. Crucy, A. Fagot, A. A. O. Rios, M. Tytgat, et al. "Detector control system and efficiency performance for CMS RPC at GIF++." Journal of Instrumentation 11, no. 10 (October 28, 2016): C10013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/10/c10013.

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35

Georgiev, G., N. Ilieva, V. Kozhuharov, I. Lessigiarska, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, and P. Petkov. "Multigap RPC for PET: development and optimisation of the detector design." Journal of Instrumentation 8, no. 01 (January 22, 2013): P01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/8/01/p01011.

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36

Costantini, S., K. Beernaert, A. Cimmino, G. Garcia, J. Lellouch, A. Marinov, A. Ocampo, et al. "Uniformity and stability of the CMS RPC detector at the LHC." Journal of Instrumentation 8, no. 03 (March 25, 2013): P03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/8/03/p03017.

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37

Kumar, A., A. Gaur, Md Hasbuddin, P. Kumar, P. Kumar, D. Kaur, S. Mishra, and Md Naimuddin. "Study of RPC bakelite electrodes and detector performance for INO-ICAL." Journal of Instrumentation 9, no. 10 (October 30, 2014): C10042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/10/c10042.

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38

Cimmino, A., Y. Ban, J. Cai, Q. Li, S. Liu, S. Qian, D. Wang, et al. "CMS RPC commissioning of the existing detector during the long shutdown." Journal of Instrumentation 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2014): C10043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/10/c10043.

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39

Fabela, B., and I. Pedraza. "Offline Data Quality Monitoring for the RPC of the CMS Detector." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 761 (October 2016): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/761/1/012054.

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40

Aielli, G., P. Camarri, R. Cardarelli, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Stante, B. Liberti, E. Pastori, A. Polini, A. Salamon, and R. Santonico. "The ATLAS RPC detector control system: Problems, solutions and new opportunities." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 602, no. 3 (May 2009): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.184.

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41

ALTIERI, S., G. BELLI, G. BRUNO, R. GUIDA, M. MERLO, S. P. RATTI, C. RICCARDI, et al. "RECENT EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DEVELOPMENTS ON THE RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS FOR THE CMS EXPERIMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01c (September 2001): 1135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01009120.

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Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) have been chosen as dedicated trigger detectors for the CMS experiment at the LHC. The expected severe operating conditions have required an intense research and development activity on these detectors over the past years. Experimental results on overall performance of large chambers, rate capability, ageing and photon sensitity are reviewed. In all of these tests the detector has proven to achieve good enough performance for successful use at the LHC.

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42

Ospanov, Rustem, Changqing Feng, Wenhao Dong, Wenhao Feng, and Shining Yang. "Development of FPGA-based neural network regression models for the ATLAS Phase-II barrel muon trigger upgrade." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 04031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125104031.

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Effective selection of muon candidates is the cornerstone of the LHC physics programme. The ATLAS experiment uses a two-level trigger system for real-time selection of interesting collision events. The first-level hardware trigger system uses the Resistive Plate Chamber detector (RPC) for selecting muon candidates in the central (barrel) region of the detector. With the planned upgrades, the entirely new FPGA-based muon trigger system will be installed in 2025-2026. In this paper, neural network regression models are studied for potential applications in the new RPC trigger system. A simple simulation model of the current detector is developed for training and testing neural network regression models. Effects from additional cluster hits and noise hits are evaluated. Efficiency of selecting muon candidates is estimated as a function of the transverse muon momentum. Several models are evaluated and their performance is compared to that of the current detector, showing promising potential to improve on current algorithms for the ATLAS Phase-II barrel muon trigger upgrade.

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43

Ahdida, C., A. Akmete, R. Albanese, J. Alt, A. Alexandrov, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, et al. "Track reconstruction and matching between emulsion and silicon pixel detectors for the SHiP-charm experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): P03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/p03013.

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Abstract In July 2018 an optimization run for the proposed charm cross section measurement for SHiP was performed at the CERN SPS. A heavy, moving target instrumented with nuclear emulsion films followed by a silicon pixel tracker was installed in front of the Goliath magnet at the H4 proton beam-line. Behind the magnet, scintillating-fibre, drift-tube and RPC detectors were placed. The purpose of this run was to validate the measurement's feasibility, to develop the required analysis tools and fine-tune the detector layout. In this paper, we present the track reconstruction in the pixel tracker and the track matching with the moving emulsion detector. The pixel detector performed as expected and it is shown that, after proper alignment, a vertex matching rate of 87% is achieved.

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44

ZHA, MIN. "ARGO-YBJ EXPERIMENT RESULTS AND PROSPECTS IN LHAASO PROJECT." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 10 (January 2012): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512005867.

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The ARGO-YBJ detector, a RPC carpet array at the high altitude of 4300 m has been stably operated since 2007. As a multi-purpose experiment the physics topics of ARGO-YBJ covers the VHE gamma-ray astronomy, cosmic ray physics and solar physics. Results of these experimental studies are reviewed. And as a future extension project, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is introduced, some research and development of detectors are described.

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45

Saini, J., C. Ghosh, A. K. Dubey, Z. Ahammed, M. Mondal, R. Ganai, G. Sikder, V. Negi, S. Chattopadhyay, and A. Chakrabarti. "Test and characterisation of STS/MuCh-XYTER and integration with multiple detectors of CBM-MuCh detector systems." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): P01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/p01009.

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Abstract Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) is a fixed target experiment at the upcoming Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research in Germany, having collision rates up to 10 MHz. Due to the proximity of the target and secondaries produced in absorbers, Muon Chambers (MuCh) of the CBM experiment will face a very high particle hit rate of up to 400 kHz/cm2 in its first two stations. To cope with these particle rates, a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector will be used for the first two stations while, due to relatively lower particle rates, the last two stations will use a low resistivity Bakelite Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detector. The electronics of these two MuCh detectors need different dynamic ranges. A Silicon Tracking Station (STS) system made of 300 μm thick silicon micro-strip sensors will be installed upstream of the MuCh detector system. The sensors will be read out through multi-line micro-cables with fast electronics. The micro-strip sensors will be double-sided with a stereo angle of 7.5°, a strip width of 58 μm, and strip lengths between 20 and 120 mm requiring high-density readout. To meet the high rate and high density requirements of MuCh and STS, respectively, a specialized 128-channel readout ASIC with a dual-gain feature is designed. This is a highly configurable ASIC with about 30,000 configurable register bits which control various bias and threshold settings of the ASIC. To integrate this ASIC with both the detector systems, detailed testing and characterization of the ASIC are required. Due to the high number of configurable registers and several operating conditions, characterizing this ASIC is very challenging. This paper describes the optimization procedures of several configurable bias parameters in detail and also explains how this ASIC is integrated with both GEM and RPC detectors of the MuCh system.

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46

Abe, K., K. Abe, S. Azuchi, H. Hanada, F. Haitani, Y. Hoshi, Y. Igarashi, et al. "Cosmic-ray test of the installed endcap RPC modules in BELLE detector." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 46, no. 6 (1999): 2017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.819274.

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47

Zhang, Qingmin, Miao He, Jilei Xu, Jiaheng Zou, Zhe Ning, Jie Zhao, Haoqi Lu, Viktor Pěč, and Logan Lebanowski. "Offline Software of RPC Detector System in Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 396, no. 2 (December 13, 2012): 022061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/396/2/022061.

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48

Williams, M. C. S. "The multigap RPC: the time-of-flight detector for the ALICE experiment." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 478, no. 1-2 (February 2002): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)01753-3.

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49

Abbrescia, M., S. Altieri, G. Belli, G. Bruno, A. Colaleo, I. Crotty, B. D'Ercole, et al. "Performance of the first RPC station prototype for the CMS barrel detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 456, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00972-4.

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50

Bhattacharya, Purba, Nayana Majumdar, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, and Sudeb Bhattacharya. "Numerical Studies on Time Resolution of Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors." EPJ Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817406006.

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The Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors offer excellent spatial and temporal resolution in harsh radiation environments of high-luminosity colliders. In this work, an attempt has been made to establish an algorithm for estimating the time resolution of different MPGDs. It has been estimated numerically on the basis of two aspects, statistics and distribution of primary electrons and their diffusion in gas medium, while ignoring their multiplication. The effect of detector design parameters, field configuration and the composition of gas mixture on the resolution have also been investigated. Finally, a modification in the numerical approach considering the threshold limit of detecting the signal has been done and tested for the RPC detector for its future implementation in case of MPGDs.

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