Дисертації з теми "Routiers"
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Taviche, Imad Khalil. "Pathologie des remblais routiers en milieux arides : cas de l'axe routier Nouakchott-Nouadhibou." Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0012.
Повний текст джерелаThe phenomenon of fissuring of roads in Mauritania has always worried Mauritanian authorities which consider it as a harmful element that badly influences the country’s development. Cracks are damages witch regrettably affect all types of roads structures during their life cycle. But when road degradation is premature (case of the Nouakchott-Nouadhibou (NKC-NDB) road built at the end of 2006), we have to try, at first, to discover and to understand the main causes of this premature degradation and, then, to determine one strategy to avoid and/ or minimize this phenomenon in such a developing country as Mauritania which financial means are limited. The aim of this research work is to notice, to analyze and finally to try to answer tens of questions that engineers ask concerning the pathologies observed along the road (NKC-NDB), in particular, on the section of the set 2. Let us cite tow among these questions : Is there any relationship between the base layer which is conceived with local materials with shells and the occurring of these cracks? Granulometry, Porosity, etc. . . Why do we observe cracks with certain places and not with the others on the section of the set 2 ? To deal with this complex phenomenon, the approach consisted at first in making surveys in situ of the state of the road, analyzing the numerous expertise documents established during period 2004-2005 and finally proceeding to a recognition in situ followed by an experimental campaign, in particular, after sinister flood of September 2009. The results of these analyses show that the inflated sand can be used as basic layer under certain conditions, without neglecting the earth quality support which, in that case, is silt which showed disposition to collapsing during flood
Yerpez, Joël. "Le risque routier dans la ville : essai sur une commune provençale /." Paris : Anthropos : diff. Economica, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369997779.
Повний текст джерелаBibliogr. p. 205-214. Glossaire.
Fouquet, Jean-Philippe. "Les dynamiques professionnelles des conducteurs routiers face à la réorganisation du transport routier de marchandises." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR2009.
Повний текст джерелаFourt, Denis. "Détection et localisation des panneaux routiers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ57404.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAudouin-Desfontaines, Hélène. "Chauffeurs-routiers : du métier à l'emploi." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100125.
Повний текст джерелаNduwayezu, Jean Damascène. "Transports routiers et développement du Rwanda." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30018.
Повний текст джерелаMorin, Étienne. "Optimisation de la gestion de l'information météo-routière pour le ministère des Transports du Québec, Direction de l'Estrie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2670.
Повний текст джерелаLlanos, Jacqueline. "L'economie de la maintenance des ponts routiers." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120044.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation addresses the economic aspects of roadway bridge maintenance from the viewpoint of the public asset manager. The existing systems of bridge maintenance in france and in the united states are examined and found to fall off the opti al. The author defines the concepts, the unstruments and the procedures allowing to determine the best maintenance strategies according to the bridge type. Using the new york city bridge database, which contains inspection records for a number of years, the author formulates deterioration models for reinforced concrete bridge decks. The concepts defined above are applied to the deterioration models, resulting in the optimal strategies of bridge deck maintenance. In the absence of similar information for france, the author formulates assumptions necessary for the estimate of the optimal annual expenditures for the maintenance of the bridges under purview of the french road directorate. The cost of complete rehabilitation of the bridges is also obtained. In conclusion, the author provides recommendations directly applicable to the management of public bridges in france, particularly by the road directorate
DIEBOLT, FRANK. "Reconnaissance des marquages routiers par traitement d'images." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13242.
Повний текст джерелаNadji, Mounia. "Adéquation de la dynamique de véhicule à la géométrie des virages routiers : apport à la sécurité routière." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0014/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe loss of control incurves represents a significant proportion of the accidents by exit of road. This work brings tools and recommendations to prevent these accidents. We developed a model of dynamic of vehicle, which takes into account the characteristics of the road, this model is validated by real road data by comparisons with callas professional simulator of vehicle dynamics. After an analysis of the pneumatic models contact, a modeling based on the friction of coulomb is carried out. This modeling calculates the contact efforts in a correct way. The comparison with PACEJKA in various situations showed the validity of the model. On another hand, it indicates limits of saturation of the efforts. These points of saturation represent dangerous points of trajectory. At the base of the saturation of the efforts and the knowledge of the dangerous points, we propose a methodology of limits detection. The application of methodology on real dangerous road chosen in of VANI database made possible to detect exactly the dangerous positions. Lastly, we made recommendations to road engineers to use these tools in order to prevent accidents
Medjkane, Mohand. "L' espace des risques routiers : Apports conceptuels et méthodologiques de la géographie aux problématiques territoriales de sécurité routière." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1613.
Повний текст джерелаRecent results of road safety policies in France show their limits. It appears that the actions focused on the behavior of road users (prevention / repression) are no longer sufficient to meet the demand for security on highways. This research supports the finding of a need to take into account the complexity of this problem by rethinking the subject of study as the focus of spatialized risk analysis. Road hazards can indeed be inserted into the general framework for the territory management and therefore suggests the risk analysis at a strategic level. The analysis is then based on finding an effective integration of road safety concerns in the political management of the territories. This research demonstrates, in the study area of Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine, the contribution of geography through the construction of a dedicated geographic information system (GIS) in partnership with local experts, geographers and road safety analysts. Its goal is to provide a method for transcribing the speech of the actors to really play the role of decision support, and can be provided with safety concerns in urban planning decisions. The results show the ability of GIS to be the support of space experiments indicating progressively, through a participatory process, the representations and expert knowledge of the actors on the theme of road hazards
Lavenne, Frédéric. "La politique commune des transports routiers de marchandises /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59570.
Повний текст джерелаBecause the task was so huge and difficult, the common policy for road transport of goods encountered real problems. But the European Communities soon realised that transport was the prime issue if they wanted to succeed in the establishment of a free trade area.
Costeplane, Thibaud. "Déréglementation des transports routiers de voyageurs en Europe." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10070.
Повний текст джерелаLesueur, Didier. "Propriétés mécaniques des liants routiers : relations structure/propriétés." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0130.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing a literature review focusing on the structure of bitumens and polymer modified bitumens, linear viscoelastic properties of paving grade binders were studied versus temperature and frequency. It is shown that neat asphalt cements can be looked upon as colloidal suspensions. As a consequence, the higher the dispersed phase content, the higher the modulus of the material. Moreover, modification of a bitumen by styrene-butadiene block copolymers induces a phase separation, the polymer rich phase being the dispersed phase for the investigated polymer contents (up to 6 % mass). The Palierne emulsion model describes the rheological properties of such multiphased materials
BOUVAT, DENIS. "Contribution a la localisation d'engins de chantiers routiers." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT2064.
Повний текст джерелаMathias, Vincent. "Recyclage des fraisats d'enrobés dans les bétons routiers." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2113.
Повний текст джерелаLalanne, Florence. "Bitumes pétroliers modifiés polymères comme nouveaux liants routiers." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10553.
Повний текст джерелаLalanne, Florence. "Bitumes pétroliers modifiés polymères comme nouveaux liants routiers." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375948723.
Повний текст джерелаHilal, Nadia. "L'eurosyndicalisme par l'action : cheminots et routiers en Europe /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411190783.
Повний текст джерелаBibliogr. p. 283-293.
Ayadi, Abdelhamid. "Solutions globales de l'équation du transport routier." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112124.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is the study global existence, the unicity and the regularity of the solution of the vehicular traffic equation modelized by Prigogine-Herman. Our purpose is – to study the vehicular traffic equation with relaxation and without any interaction (i. E. The probability of free passage is equal to one), - to study the vehicular traffic equation without relaxation and with interactions, - to study the vehicular traffic equation (i. E. With relaxation and interactions)
Huska-Chiroussel, Véronique. "Le guidage dans les transports : analyse expérimentale et comparative de différents types d'aide." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/vhuska-chiroussel.
Повний текст джерелаHuska-Chiroussel, Véronique Martin Robert. "Le guidage dans les transports analyse expérimentale et comparative de différents types d'aide /." Lyon : Université Lyon 2, 2000. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx//theses/lyon2/2000/vhuska-chiroussel.
Повний текст джерелаChevasson, Guillaume Crozet Yves. "Le calcul économique à l'épreuve des contraintes du secteur des transports routiers les cas de l'insécurité routière et de l'effet de serre /." [S. l.] : [s. n.], 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/chevasson_g.
Повний текст джерелаBrun, Xavier. "Modélisation 3D texturée en temps réel d'environnements urbains et routiers, et application au calcul de distance de visibilité routière." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1490.
Повний текст джерелаBarbier, Lucie. "Dynamique des flux de fondants routiers et influence sur la pollution routière au sein d’un bassin de rétention-décantation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0031/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn severe winter conditions, the application of deicer salts (mainly sodium chloride -NaCl) ensures the safety of network users. However, its spreading carries contamination risks of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. On the road, Na+ and Cl- are transported by runoff water to retention-decantation ponds. These ponds do not have the capacity to efficiently treat this flux of deicer salts in dissolved form. In addition, they allow the modification of water and soil chemistry, generating the mobility of metallic pollutants. The objective of this thesis is to study the deicer salt transfer and to determine its role in the release of pollutants during winter. The characteristics of the pond located in Azerailles (Lorraine, France) on a medium-frequented national road were studied, as well as the weather and salting conditions, the composition of the suspended matters and the concentration of traces metals. The results highlighted that between 50 and 90 % of Cl- was collected by the pond. The pond acts as a buffer which allows a release of the collected Cl- diluted during the runoff period following the salting period. The presence of NaCl in runoff water reduced the quality of suspended solids with the presence of organic markers of road pollution and the increase of zinc. It also influenced the increase of zinc in water, the chemical composition and the speciation of elements
Noël, Nathalie. "Formes urbaines, aménagements routiers et usage de la bicyclette." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20950/20950.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLefebvre, Bruno. "Les dynamiques d'un espace professionnel : le cas des routiers." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H074.
Повний текст джерелаThis research analyses professional group's constitution process through technical, economical, trade - union history ; different ways of work on the road ; entrepreneur ship strategies and human management. It shows a specific social form
Maaloul, Boutheina. "Des algorithmes de détection d'accidents routiers par vidéo surveillance." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0028.
Повний текст джерелаAutomatic video surveillance systems have been developed to detect and analyze abnormal behavior or situation of risk in many fields reducing human monitoring of activities captured by cameras (security surveillance, abnormal behavior detection, etc.). One of the applications of video surveillance is the traffic monitoring. Analyzing the motion in roads aims to detect abnormal traffic behavior and sudden events, especially in case of Emergency and Disaster Management (EDM). Road accidents can cause serious injuries affecting mostly the head and the brain, leading to lifelong disabilities and even death; each additional rescue minute can mean the difference between life and death as revealed by the golden Hour[Lerner et al., 2001]. Therefore, providing a rapid assistance for injuries is mandatory. Moreover, if not addressed promptly, accidents may cause traffic jams, eventually leading to more accidents, and even greater loss of lives and properties. Many cities in France are equipped with video surveillance cameras installed on different roads and highways. Traffic monitoring is done by human operators to visualize the congestion of a road or to measure the flow of the traffic. The video stream of this existing network of cameras is delivered unprocessed to the traffic management center. Thus, there are no video storage of accident scenes. In addition, there is no associated technology for a rapid emergency management. Therefore, it is important to design a system able toorganizean effective emergency response. This response should be based, firstly on an automatic detection by video analysis, then, on a rapid notification allowing the optimization of the emergency intervention itinerary without affecting the traffic state. Our work resolves the first part of the emergency response.The objectives of this thesis are firstly the identification of accident scenarios and the collection of data related to road accident; next, the design and the development of video processing algorithms for the automatic detection of accidents in highways. The developed solutions will use the existing fixed cameras, so as not to require significant investments in infrastructure. The core of the proposed approaches will focus on the use of the dense Optical Flow (OF) algorithm [Farnebäck, 2003] and heuristic computations for features extraction and accident recognition. The purpose of the dense OF is to estimate the motion of each pixel in a region of interest (ROI) between two given frames. At the output of the dense OF, a dense features could be extracted which is more performant than features extracted at some points. Defining thresholds for accident detection in various environment is very challenging. Therefore, studying the motion at a global scale in the image, allows defining a dynamic thresholds for accident detection using statistic computations. The proposed solution is sufficient and robust to noise and light changing
Leblond, Mathieu. "Évaluation de mesures d'atténuation des accidents routiers impliquant l'orignal." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2007.
Знайти повний текст джерелаTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 1er novembre 2007). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en gestion de la faune et de ses habitats. CaQRU CaQRU Comprend des bibliogr. Publié aussi en version papier. CaQRU
Vincent, Mathias. "Recyclage des fraisats d'enrobés dans les bétons hydrauliques routiers /." Paris : Laboratoire central des ponts et chaussées, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40091919g.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Hmam Mohamed Said. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation hybride du flux de trafic." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0206.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the hybrid traffic flow modelling and simulation. This approach uses jointly the two classical traffic flow models ; macroscopic and microscopic. It is a matter of adapting the representation to the studied phenomenon. Indeed, the macroscopic model is well adapted to the motorway network representation whereas the microscopic one makes it possible to describe an urban network more finely. Thus, we can obtain detailed information of the traffic state on a crossroads (for example) using the microscopic model and to implement traffic control laws synthesized from a macroscopic one. The final objective is to design and implement a decision-making tool allowing us to test and validate various traffic control strategies. For that, we initially developed a microscopic model founded on the paradigm agent. Then, we have proposed a coupling procedure, which makes it possible to ensure the conservation and the continuity of flow through the transition zone that connect the two worlds ; microscopic and macroscopic. The simulation results of the developed hybrid model show that it is possible to cohabit two models (microscopic and macroscopic) within the same system. To illustrate the relevance of the hybrid model, a traffic flow control application has been proposed. The results show that the vehicles travel total time was reduced. The proposed model represents a first version of a traffic flow hybrid simulator, which will remain to be developed within the furthers works
BOSSIN, PHILIPPE. "Strategies europeennes des entreprises de transport routier de marchandises : mythes ou realites." Lyon 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO22012.
Повний текст джерелаShould we believe the allegations of their managers, often echoed withoud much thinking by the press, road haulage carriers are always no 1 or likely to be no 1. Some claim they are leaders in the trade i. E. Leaders in the parcels service, transport of refrigerated goods or bulk tanker. Some even claim they are the best in everything | others try to differentiate from the rest of the crowd. They claim to be the best through the quality of service, their technical competence or their data processing system. Last but not least, those who could not assert they were on the top of the scale, will maintain they are "leaders in the region". The socalled region doesn't stretch from the united kingdom to spain or even from lille to marseille, but from aurillac to tulle and from chateaubriand to redon. In the research we have carried out on the subject, we have tried to sort out the many the research we have carried out on the subject, we have tried to sort out the many assertions and bring out the many strategics set by french firms, in order to play a part in the european competition. Beyond an analysis of the european strategy, we would like to emphasi se the lack of thinking in the field of economics and carriage strategy and how difficult it is to apply the instruments of management. This will be the cornestone on which to build up further contributions
Scioldo-Zurcher, Paul. "Modèle de système de gestion et de pilotage du réseau de transport." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF2E424.
Повний текст джерелаVojak, Robert. "Analyse et modélisation multi fractales de signaux complexes : application au trafic routier." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090016.
Повний текст джерелаNunez, Antonio Bonnafous Alain. "Sources of errors and biases in traffic forecasts for toll road concessions ources d'erreurs et biais en prévision de trafic pour les autoroutes à péages /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/nunez_a.
Повний текст джерелаDetchessahar, Mathieu. "Eléments pour une théorie de l'espace de discussion en situation de gestion : réflexion à partir du cas des entreprises de transport routier de marchandises (1980-1995)." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN11028.
Повний текст джерелаHamlat, Smail. "Étude de la résistance des revêtements routiers aux sollicitations tangentielles." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2045.
Повний текст джерелаHeavy traffic at intersections (especially in urban areas) poses a particularly difficult challenge to traffic engineers interested in durable and safe wearing courses. At such places, heavy traffic causes damage to the road surface by aggregates loss and horizontal displacement of the bituminous surfacing, due to application of high shear stresses by truck tyres. Currently, the question of the assessment of the durability of bituminous surfacings in zones with high shear stresses in the laboratory does not seem completely resolved. In this work, we propose an approach based on a new experimental apparatus to simulate the surface damage by loss of aggregates. Taking in account the local phenomenon, an important advantage of the new device is that it permits to maintain a constant vertical loading whatever the level of surface deterioration. The first stage of this work is concerned with the characterization of the mechanical contact. The friction and the distribution of pressure are given for different loading conditions. The experimental procedure has been optimized in vertical force control in order to ensure a contact with a high friction between the materials. We present the results performed with different binders and with different aggregate gradations. Before the appearance of surface damage, aggregates displacements are systematically observed on the surface of the sample before the first departure of aggregates. At last, we propose two parametric models; the first model gives a link between the resistance to the tangential force and the performance of binders measured from fracture tests. The second one gives a prediction from aggregate gradation
Courty, Guillaume. "Les routiers : contribution à une sociologie politique des groupes d'intérêt." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100035.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at bringing up again a paradigm laid aside by the French contemporary political science, which the American political scientist have called the interest group theory. This new formulation of the hypothesis of the paradigm was tasted on a social group which had been little taken into account before: teamsters this thesis proposes to bring a contribution to the reflection on the formation of a stock of organizations available throughout contemporary France. The example of teamsters enaibles us to understand how the different social categories which used this term about 50 years before they gathered into structured organizations representing their interests and they succeeded in making themselves heard by the authorities. The first part tells about the making of the stereotypes and the mythology of teamsters and the impact they had on the trade unions which have to deal with these stigma in order to rally members. These stigma make it possible too, to single out the representatives likely to be accepted or sought after by teamsters to speak in their favour (and more generally all those who claim to be able to bring a solution to their problems). The second part shows now the teamsters trade unions representation groups are neither an economic company nor a political party. These groupings do not want to be simply regarded as differential interest representatives. On the contrary, they think they are contributing to the common interest
Dumais, Simon. "Évaluation des revêtements routiers à albédo élevé en contexte nordique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25384.
Повний текст джерелаHigh albedo surfaces can be used to reduce heat absorption by road pavement for limiting the degradation of the permafrost underlying road embankments. This project aims at proposing an efficient method to evaluate the use of high albedo surfaces in northern environments. The first objective is to provide tools to evaluate quickly the thermal benefits of high albedo surfaces. A model has been developed to calculate surface temperature of pavements as a function of the albedo of the surface. The model has been validated using data from a test section built in Beaver Cree, Yukon. Simple calculation tools based on the model have been proposed. The second objective is to provide a way to evaluate the technical properties of high albedo surfaces. The most important properties targeted are reflectivity, skid resistance and durability. Testing methods have been chosen in order to test these properties. Observations made on the field and in the laboratory allowed to draw recommendations in order to assure a durable, efficient and safe usage of high albedo surfaces.
Labayrade, Raphaël. "Détection Générique, Robuste et Rapide d'Obstacles Routiers par Stéréovision Embarquée." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066181.
Повний текст джерелаNouh, Aiman. "Contribution au développement d’un simulateur pour les véhicules électriques routiers." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2013.
Повний текст джерелаSince noise and polluting gases as well as fuel consumption rise steadily, the interest in electric vehicles (EV) is ever more increasing nowadays. The EV is one of the solutions recommended by vehicle manufacturers and research organizations, to gradually replace the conventional vehicles especially in city centres. In this context, the generic, quick and accurate numerical simulation proves to be the main means of designing more and more high-performing and competitive electric vehicles. Thus, this research work has the goal to develop a simulator dedicated to electric vehicles and called ELEctric Vehicle Simulator (ELEVES). It uses the Component Hybrid Dynamic Nets (CHDN) as a graphical formalism for extracting the system of equations. The advantage of ELEVES that it allows the user not only to build and simulate an EV from its pre-established libraries, but also to build his own models. A dynamic model of vehicle with three degrees of freedom, a model of a permanent magnets synchronous motor with its power supply have been implemented into ELEVES. In order to include the control aspect of EV, a systematic approach based on the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) has been adopted. Thus, starting from EMR, a Maximum Control Structure (MCS) has been established to control the EV speed. Finally, three architectures of EVs have been simulated to highlight some ELEVES’s capabilities and to show the necessary steps to follow for building such applications. They are the two in-wheel drives EV with and without speed control and the four in-wheel drives EV. In order to assess the validity of ELEVES, the same simulations have been performed using Matlab/Simulink, the results obtained from both softwares are in a good agreement
Nouh, Aiman Bagdouri Mohammed el. "Contribution au développement d'un simulateur pour les véhicules électriques routiers." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://artur.univ-fcomte.fr/ST/GENELE/these/nouh.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBibliogr. p. 169-176.
Iordanova, Violina. "Contribution à la modélisation et la commande du trafic routier : approches par Bond Graph et commande par platitude." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0207.
Повний текст джерелаThe works presented in this thesis deal with the modelling and traffic flow control in motorways. The main objective is to bring an effective response to the congestions problems whose socio-economic impacts are very significant. The proposed resolution is approached in two stages: the first, relates to the traffic flow modelling. Accordingly, our contribution aims at introducing a new point of view to enrich the existing macroscopic models. The suggested approach assimilates the traffic flow to a set of elementary volumes in circulation in the motorway sections. This approach is enriched by the use of the Bond Graph graphical formalism which allows to better represent the behaviours which govern the traffic and to deduce systematically the dynamical equations. The second step concerns the traffic flow control. In this context, our contribution rests on the introduction of the relatively recent concept called “differential flatness” to control the vehicles flow circulating in the motorways. The main characteristic of this control strategy lies in its capacity to ensure the trajectories generations and tracking without integration of any differential equations of the studied model. Finally, the association of the Bond Graph models and flatness based control are efficiently applied for the integrated traffic flow control bringing into play the ramp metering approach and the main traffic flow dynamic limitation. The simulation results validate the relevance of the suggested approaches and open some further perspectives for improvement and generalization of the traffic flow control for more complex motorways networks
Chevasson, Guillaume. "Le calcul économique à l'épreuve des contraintes du secteur des transports routiers : les cas de l'insécurité routière et de l'effet de serre." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/chevasson_g.
Повний текст джерелаThrough two problems of current events, the road insecurity and the global warming, the thesis approaches in a practise way the interrogations raised by the criticisms addressed to the economic calculation. To do it shé tries to answer the questions about the role and the interest of economic calculation, about the taking into account and the weight of the not trade effects in the economic calcul and about the relation between the collective preferences and valorization as of the these effects. Through the answers to these questions, one of the objectives of the thesis is to draw up, in a sense, an inventory of fixtures of the economic calculation today in the field of the road transports on both subjects which interest us. It is also to show the role of economic calculation as a teaching aid which reveals us the importance to approach the problems of the harmful effects of the interurban road transport in a another way that that related to fixing of the fictitious prices (values) of the not trade effects. The question of the role and the interest of economic calculation are approached, in particular, under the angle of the road insecurity, through the implication of the economic costs engendered by the road accidents. The idea is to see how economic calculation can help the community in its choices of investment. The teaching role of economic calculation is approached by practising a "upside down economic calculation". By this step we reveal the existence of a plurality of guardian values but especially the importance to act on the relative volumes of the advantages and the harmful effects rather than to focus only on their prices
Suaire, Rémi. "Dynamique de transfert des fondants routiers dans un bassin de rétention des eaux de ruissellement routières : vers une solution d’assainissement par phytoremédiation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0116/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring winter, deicing salts are spread on roads in order to preserve road safety for users. Under the influence of different parameters, these compounds are partly transferred to the environment, the rest of it being collected by the road runoff retention systems. However, road runoff retention ponds have not been designed for deicing salt treatment; they only play a role in the regulation of fluxes before their rejection into the environment. Furthermore, NaCl has a harmful impact on the environment, because of its toxicity to certain aquatic organisms and because it contributes to the increase of trace metal (TM) mobility, which are toxic as well. This shows the need for a specific treatment for these compounds. The objective of this research is to bring better understanding of deicing salt dynamics in a retention pond, but also to investigate the potential use of phytoremediation as a treatment solution for road runoff. A model retention pond was selected; it is located along a highway in Chenevières (Lorraine region, France). The first part of the work focused on the monitoring and the characterization of NaCl transfers in this pond. Water was weekly sampled for 3 years at the pond input and output and NaCl and TM concentrations were measured. Meteorological conditions and salt spreading data were monitored to appraise the salt fraction actually collected by the pond. Results showed that only 25 to 50 % of the spread salt is effectively collected. Moreover, results on NaCl dynamics proved that the pond only plays a role on transient storage and salt dilution before rejection into the environment. Moreover, measurements and analyses of sampled basin sediments and roadside soils were performed to assess speciation and TM mobility in this particular context. In this case, no significant effect of NaCl was recorded except for zinc (Zn); but major ions were mobilized. When it comes to treatments, conventional desalination technologies are too expensive and inappropriate in this context. Then, potentialities of phytodesalination were explored. Three halophyte plants were selected on the basis of specific criteria, allowing their use in road runoff context: Armeria maritima, Atriplex halimus and Atriplex hortensis L. Germination and growth experiments were run in various salinity conditions and in the presence/absence of Zn, in order to assess their tolerance to salt and Zn, as well as their accumulation abilities. These plants showed a high tolerance for NaCl in salinities in the range of those encountered in road runoff existing treatment systems at Chenevières. The three species accumulated significant amounts of NaCl and zinc in their aerial parts. The use of halophytes for phytodesalination of road runoff is a promising technique to address the issue of environmental impact of deicing salts
St-Jacques, Michèle. "Des aménagements routiers sécuritaires et des techniques routières urbaines dans une perspective de gestion durable de la voirie : le cas du Québec." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2018/document.
Повний текст джерелаFor years, the development and maintenance of urban road systems responded to a continuous increase in automobile traffic by extending the network, with the blacktop for asphalt pavements taking the lead. However, the road now serves a wide variety of users, which it must now satisfy even as it struggles to meet their competing end goals. The road must enhance the landscape, while adequately serving the surrounding communities. Road design must be realized in a manner that allows drivers to perform what is expected of them naturally. Coloured bituminous surfaces can be used to create urban atmospheres, to reinforce the identity of a city, to facilitate the reading of spaces, to support the cohabitation of different users and to identify different places. Several new road engineering measures, such as roundabouts, parking, traffic signs and traffic calming measures, are now available to urban planners, traffic engineers and road designers. Furthermore, in the framework of sustainable development, new road techniques have emerged, including coloured bituminous pavements and a variety of warm mix asphalt techniques. This thesis, wich is based on thirty years of research, teaching, accomplishments and observations from around the world, presents these new road management measures and materials
Gontran, Hervé. "Mobile mapping en temps réel pour la saisie automatique d'axes routiers /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3749.
Повний текст джерелаSirois, Claude. "Estimation du risque d'accidents routiers à l'aide d'un système d'information géographique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25738.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMahieux, Pierre-Yves. "Valorisation du laitier LD de Dunkerque dans les liants hydrauliques routiers." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1513/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work has carried out on the reuse of LD slag in Hydraulic Road Binders (HRB) in particularly in the Sidmix(r) that is a HRB developed by S. G. A. This work is divided in three parts. In the first one, the characterization (physical, chemical and mineralogical) of a classical LD slag has been carried out in order to implement methods for a characterization suitable to all LD slag. The second part developed in this work is a variability study of LD slag produced in Dunkerque to determine the influence of the mineralogical properties and the reactivity of LD slag on the behavior of Sidmix(r). The purpose, in this case, is to propose a method of selection of LD slag to obtain optimized performances of this HRB. Finally, the third part developed in this work is a modification of mineralogical and chemical properties of LD slag to transform this material into a hydraulic binder by thermal process
YAO, HONG. "Evolution des couts de la construction des ponts routiers en france." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120010.
Повний текст джерелаThe main aim of this thesis is to try to construct econometric models in order to provide the most exact representation possible of the evaluation of the unit costs for the construction of road bridges in france during the period from 1976 to 1991. It is intended to establish a relationship between the unit cost (that is by square meter) of a road bridge and other factors that could influence and therefore determine this unit cost. The study is essentially based on a sample that is drawn randomly from the data base of setra (the french highway study service), which contains the survey data of road bridges since 1976 in france. The sample consists of the information of 298 bridges that had been constructed from 1976 to 1991. From this sample, the econometric models are estimated using "the multiple linear regression" and "the least square estimator". The explanatory variables that are associated with the models have been carefully selected and strictly controlled according to the statistic principles. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative factors in these econometric models has allowed us on one hand to understand the complexity of the problem of the unit costs, the determinist factors of the costs and on the other hand to construct the models in order to present the evaluation of the unit costs of road bridges. The results of this study give the lights to the evaluation of unit costs of road bridges, and this evaluation is further classified according to the type of the bridge, the material utilized and the owner of the bridge. The study shows that the unit cost of road bridges decreases by 3,5 % in average per year during the period from 1976 to 1991. There are economies of scale in bridge construction. The larger the surface of a bridge is, the'lower the unit cost. These results are strongly related to the progress in technology in the use of bridge-types (pre-defined types), the adoption of new materials and the improvements of the construction methods in the area of bridge engineering