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Статті в журналах з теми "Roughness class measuring system"
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Agoyan, Marion, Gary Fourneau, Guy Cheymol, Ayoub Ladaci, Hicham Maskrot, Christophe Destouches, Damien Fourmentel, et al. "Confocal chromatic sensor for displacement monitoring in research reactor." EPJ Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125304021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Confocal chromatic microscopy is an optical technique allowing measuring displacement, thickness, and roughness with a sub-micrometric precision. Its operation principle is based on a wavelength encoding of the object position. Historically, the company STIL based in the south of France has first developed this class of sensors in the 90’s. Of course, this sensor can only operate in a sufficiently transparent medium in the used spectral domain. It presents the advantage of being contactless, which is a crucial advantage for some applications such as the fuel rod displacement measurement in a nuclear research reactor core and in particular for cladding-swelling measurements. The extreme environmental conditions encountered in such experiments i.e. high temperature, high pressure, high radiations flux, strong vibrations, surrounding turbulent flow can affect the performances of this optical system. We then need to implement mitigation techniques to optimize the sensor performance in this specific environment. Another constraint concerns the small volume available in the irradiation rig next to the rod to monitor, implying the challenge to conceive a miniaturized sensor able to operate under these constraints.
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Patel, Rikesh, Matthias Hirsch, Paul Dryburgh, Don Pieris, Samuel Achamfuo-Yeboah, Richard Smith, Roger Light, Steve Sharples, Adam Clare, and Matt Clark. "Imaging Material Texture of As-Deposited Selective Laser Melted Parts Using Spatially Resolved Acoustic Spectroscopy." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101991.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a production technology where material is accumulated to create a structure, often through added shaped layers. The major advantage of additive manufacturing is in creating unique and complex parts for use in areas where conventional manufacturing reaches its limitations. However, the current class of AM systems produce parts that contain structural defects (e.g., cracks and pores) which is not compatible with certification in high value industries. The probable complexity of an AM design increases the difficulty of using many non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques to inspect AM parts—however, a unique opportunity exists to interrogate a part during production using a rapid surface based technique. Spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy (SRAS) is a laser ultrasound inspection technique used to image material microstructure of metals and alloys. SRAS generates and detects `controlled’ surface acoustic waves (SAWs) using lasers, which makes it a non-contact and non-destructive technique. The technique is also sensitive to surface and subsurface voids. Work until now has been on imaging the texture information of selective laser melted (SLM) parts once prepared (i.e., polished with R a < 0 . 1 μ m)—the challenge for performing laser ultrasonics in-process is measuring waves on the rough surfaces present on as-deposited parts. This paper presents the results of a prototype SRAS system, developed using the rough surface ultrasound detector known as speckle knife edge detector (SKED)—texture images using this setup of an as-deposited Ti64 SLM sample, with a surface roughness of S a ≈ 6 μ m, were obtained.
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Cao, Wei, Zhanchuan Cai, and Ben Ye. "Measuring Multiresolution Surface Roughness Using V-System." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 56, no. 3 (March 2018): 1497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2764519.
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Прохорец, Ольга, Olga Prokhorets, Владимир Давыдов, Vladimir Davydov, Вячеслав Языков, and Vyacheslav Yazykov. "Measuring system for 3d measurement of surface roughness." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22854.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Considered preparing data for 3D-measurement of surface roughness stylusrip method. To find the plane of the trend apply the method of approximation function made up of equal volumes of peaks and troughs above the plane and below the plane respectively. Developed information-measuring complex and software for 3D-measurement of surface roughness.
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Liu, Zhen, Wei Yang, Minzan Li, Peng Zhou, Xiangqian Yao, Yuqing Chen, and Ziyuan Hao. "Soil Roughness Measuring System Combined With Image Processing." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 17 (2018): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.116.
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Dodda Mallappa, Shivanna, Kiran Mysore Bhaskar, Venkatesh Gude Subbaraya, and Kavitha Shimoga Divakar. "Process Capability Assessment Using Vision System." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 13, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2021.13.2.96.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Surface roughness assessment would help in predicting a component’s functionality. This clearly shows the significance of measuring the surface roughness of machined components. Thus, each machined component, depending upon its intended function, requires a certain surface finish. To predict the surface roughness of a machined component, a detailed understanding of the machining parameters is essential. This is because, surface roughness generated on a component, depends upon machining parameters speed, feed, and depth of cut. A stable manufacturing process gives a consistent surface finish on all the manufactured components. Thus, only by having a stable process, consistent quality of manufactured products is possible. The capability of the machine is defined as the capability of the machine to carry out the set process efficiently and effectively to produce parts as per the specification limits. Machining parameters, tools, coolant flow rate, etc. An effort has been made in this research work, to show how by measuring surface roughness of machined components process capability can be assessed. Thus, the method is a novel technique of assessing the process capability of a given process. A capable process would help a manufacturing company in meeting customer expectations. The proposed method is of non-contact type, quick, and industry-friendly.
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Mazule, L., S. Liukaityte, R. C. Eckardt, A. Melninkaitis, O. Balachninaite, and V. Sirutkaitis. "A system for measuring surface roughness by total integrated scattering." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 44, no. 50 (December 2, 2011): 505103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/50/505103.
Повний текст джерела
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Zhu, Ming, Qi Yong Zeng, Kai Wu, Tao Hong, and Xiao Feng Zheng. "Surface Roughness Measuring System Design for Cutting Workpiece Based on Machine Vision Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.434.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new method for workpiece surface roughness measuring system based on machine vision technology was designed. A Charge-coupled Device （CCD） camera was used to take workpiece surface image. Then median filtering, image enhancement and image binarization techniques were used for image preprocessing. And then useful information was extracted from image characteristic parameters. The surface roughness of cutting workpiece was calculated out. Researching emphasis was focused on the hardware design and software programming of the main two parts, image acquisition module and image processing module. This measuring system was used to measure cutting workpiece surface roughness, and perform very well.
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García Plaza, Eustaquio, Pedro Jose Núñez López, Francisco Mata, and A. Sanz. "Machining Control of Surface Roughness by Measuring Cutting Forces." Advanced Materials Research 498 (April 2012): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.498.157.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The primary aim of this study was to design and develop an on-line control system of finished surfaces in automated machining process by CNC turning. The control system consisted of two basic phases: during the first phase, surface roughness was monitored through cutting force signals; the second phase involved a closed-loop adaptive control system based on data obtained during the monitoring of the cutting process. The system ensures that surfaces roughness is maintained at optimum values by adjusting the feed rate through communication with the PLC of the CNC machine. A monitoring and adaptive control system has been developed that enables the real-time monitoring of surface roughness during CNC turning operations. The system detects and prevents faults in automated turning processes, and applies corrective measures during the cutting process that raise quality and reliability reducing the need for quality control.
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Zhao, Yan Ling, Si Hai Cui, Liang Zhu, and Feng Ling Wu. "Design and Realization of Roughness Measurement System Based on DM642." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For features of large data, complex operation and high transport in the process of measurement surface roughness, In this paper, roughness measurement system based on TMS320DM642 (DM642) as its core was designed, then established architecture of system and function modules is described in details, on this basis using of regression analysis to calibrate the relationship between image measuring roughness and actual values. Finally, this paper develops DSP software development platform.
Дисертації з теми "Roughness class measuring system"
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Тимко, Олександр Олександрович. "Оптико-електронна вимірювальна система класу шорсткості поверхні оптичних об’єктів". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/34787.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дипломний проект на тему «Оптико-електронна вимірювальна система
класу шорсткості поверхні оптичних об’єктів» складається з пояснювальної
записка обсягом 64 сторінки, 14 рисунків, 8 таблиць, 17 джерел літератури.
За технічним завдання до дипломного проекту було спроектувати оптико-
електронну вимірювальну систему, щоб користувач міг автоматично з
застосуванням програмного забезпечення та вимірювальної системи визначати
клас шорсткості поверхні. У дипломі було проведено аналітичне дослідження
методів визначення класу шорсткості. А саме, растровий метод, метод
світлового та тіньового світіння, мікроінтерференційний метод та
логарифмічний метод. Хочемо зазначити, що більшість методів визначення
шорсткості об’єкту базується на методах оптичної мікроскопії. Тому для
побудови вимірювальної системи визначення класу шорсткості поверхні ми
обрали за основу оптичний метод. У роботі проведено аналітичний огляд
приладів та систем аналогів для визначення шорсткості поверхні. А саме, ми
розглянули пристрій для вимірювання оптичний прозорих об’єктів, пристрій
для визначення шорсткості, станцію для контролю шорсткості і контуру
поверхні Homm el Tester T8000 та вимірювач шорсткості поверхні MicroProf
200. Ми розглянули переваги та недоліки кожної з систем або приладів аналогів
та визначились, що оберемо за основу для проектування власної вимірювальної
системи.
Проектування власної системи ми розпочали з побудови структурної
схеми вимірювальної системи та визначення складових вузлів. Було вибрано та
обґрунтовано наступні вузли: камери з ПЗЗ матрицею, оптична система або
пристрій, світлові фільтри, джерело живлення, джерело освітлення, програма
для захоплення відеозображення. На основі цих вузлів спроектовано
лабораторний стенд оптико-електронної вимірювальної системи класу
шорсткості поверхні. Перед початком вимірювання, нами виконано
експериментальні дослідження характеристик вимірювального стенду (оптико-
електронної системи), а саме, дослідження світлосигнальної характеристики та
спектральної характеристики.
У дипломному проекті проведено аналіз вимог для точності вимірювання
оптико-електронною вимірювальною системою. Виконано розрахунок
енергетичної освітленості поверхні об’єкту дослідження, тобто поверхні для
якої визначаємо клас шорсткості. Експериментальним шляхом досліджено
освітленість поверхні об’єкту вимірювання у два різні способи (з
застосуванням фотометру та з застосування м люксметру). Фотометр ми
спроектували та зібрали власноруч, а от люксметр ми обрали для вимірювання
готовим до вимірювання. Після чого отримані експериментальним шляхом
результати освітленості поверхні об’єкту дослідження ми порівняли.
У дипломній роботі бакалавра ми виконали підбір та обґрунтування
об’єктів, що будемо використовувати у якості тестових. Ми зазначили, що для
забезпечення правильної роботи та підтвердження цього факту ми обрали
еталонний тест -об’єкт мікрометричного розміру, а саме штрихову міру за
ГОСТ. На спроектованому лабораторному варіанті оптико-електронної
вимірювальної системи ми провели ряд досліджень з зразком (скло з
шорохуватою поверхнею). Ми прописали методику дослідження та визначення
класу шорсткості поверхі, що проробили експериментальним шляхом та навели
результати цих досліджень у дипломні й роботі.
До дипломного проекту було виконано пакет креслень згідно до
технічного завдання дипломного проекту бакалавра.Thesis project on "Optical-electronic measuring system of the surface roughness class of optical objects" consists of an explanatory note of 64 pages, 14 figures, 8 tables, 17 references. The technical task for the diploma project was to design an opto-electronic measuring system so that the user could automatically determine the class of surface roughness using software and measuring system. In the diploma the analytical research of methods of definition of a class of roughness was carried out. Namely, the raster method, the method of light and shadow glow, the microinterference method and the logarithmic method. It should be noted that most methods for determining the roughness of an object are based on optical microscopy. Therefore, to build a measuring system for determining the class of surface roughness, we chose the optical method as a basis. The analytical review of devices and systems of analogues for determination of surface roughness is carried out in the work. Namely, we considered a device for measuring optically transparent objects, a device for determining roughness, a station for monitoring the roughness and contour of the surface Homm el Tester T8000 and a surface roughness meter MicroProf 200. We considered the advantages and disadvantages of each system or device analogues and determined , which we choose as a basis for designing our own measuring system. We started designing our own system by building a block diagram of the measuring system and determining the components. The following components were selected and substantiated: CCD array cameras, optical system or device, light filters, power supply, lighting source, video capture program. On the basis of these units the laboratory stand of the optoelectronic measuring system of a class of roughness of a surface is designed. Before the start of the measurement, we performed experimental studies of the characteristics of the measuring stand (optoelectronic system), namely, the study of light signal characteristics and spectral characteristics. In the diploma project the analysis of requirements for accuracy of measurement by optoelectronic measuring system is carried out. The calculation of the energy illuminance of the surface of the object of study, ie the surface for which we determine the roughness class. The illuminance of the surface of the object of measurement was experimentally studied in two different ways (using a photometer and using a luxmeter). We designed and assembled the photometer ourselves, but we chose the luxmeter ready for measurement. Then we compared the experimental results of the illumination of the surface of the object of study. In the bachelor’s thesis, we selected and substantiated the objects that we will use as tests. We noted that to ensure proper operation and confirmation of this fact, we have chosen a reference test object of micrometric size, namely the dashed measure according to GOST. On the designed laboratory version of the optoelectronic measuring system, we conducted a series of studies with a sample (glass with a rough surface). We prescribed the method of research and determination of the class of floor roughness, which was done experimentally and presented the results of these studies in the thesis and work. A package of drawings was made for the diploma project in accordance with the technical task of the bachelor’s diploma project.
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Hu, Fengxuan. "Development and evaluation of an inertial based pavement roughness measuring system." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001641.
Повний текст джерела
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He, Zaiqian. "Investigation of a multi-purpose optical measurement system /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IEEM%202005%20HE.
Повний текст джерела
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Marchiori, Marcelo Mennet. "Estudo de um sistema de medição a laser na análise da textura da superfície gerada por torneamento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79829.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A determinação da rugosidade é parte fundamental para a classificação da qualidade de uma superfície. Assim, iniciou-se este trabalho realizando-se estudos a respeito de seus métodos de medição. Devido à grande adaptabilidade e à velocidade dos métodos a laser, os estudos foram direcionados para estes tipos de técnicas de medição. Verificou-se que esses dispositivos vinculavam-se a sistemas em que o laser refletido era analisado através de sistemas com detectores do tipo CCD, em que a imagem refletida era analisada num todo. Assim, a bibliografia trouxe inspiração para mensurar a rugosidade de uma superfície gerada por torneamento horizontal, a partir da intensidade laser refletida. Propôs-se, então, um método baseado exclusivamente, na intensidade do sinal que era refletido pela superfície em estudo, a contar de uma incidência normal, já que aos autores ressaltavam que quanto maior a rugosidade da superfície menor seria o sinal refletido por ela. O sistema foi montado e sua capacidade de diferenciar distintas rugosidades foi testada. Então foram produzidas amostras com diferentes rugosidades, a fim de se obter uma função que pudesse correlacionar o sinal laser com a respectiva rugosidade (medida esta feita em rugosímetro de agulha). A função de transferência encontrada foi testada em amostras dissemelhantes das que a geraram, com o intuito de comprovar sua eficácia. Amostras fabricadas com ferramentas distintas de corte também foram produzidas e submetidas ao mesmo procedimento. As funções de transferência geradas alcançaram sucesso na previsão da rugosidade em, no máximo, 16,6% dos pontos, considerando uma margem de erro de 20%. A seguir, procurando-se os motivos que pudessem ter causado este percentual, levantou-se a possibilidade de estarem ocorrendo efeitos ópticos capazes de causar interferências devido às irregularidades na superfície. Efeitos capazes de degenerarem o sinal refletido. A comprovação de que o sinal eventualmente poderia estar sendo perturbado aconteceu através de referência bibliográfica e de imagens obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, em que se pôde observar a existência de estruturas na face das amostras que seriam isolada ou conjuntamente capazes de causar os efeitos citados.The determination of the roughness is a key for a good classification of a surface. Thereby, the work was started with a study about the roughness measurements methods. Due to the great adaptability and speed of laser methods, the studies were directed to these kinds of measurement techniques. It was observed in the literature that these laser devices were linked to systems where the reflected laser was analyzed by systems with CCD detectors, where the reflected image was entirely analyzed. Hence, the bibliography brought inspiration to measure the surface roughness generated by axial turning from the intensity of the reflected laser. It was proposed then a measurement method exclusively based on the intensity of the signal that was reflected by the surface under study, because the authors noted that as the roughness of surface became bigger as the signal reflected is became smaller. The proposed system has been assembled and ability to distinguish different roughness was tested successfully. Then samples were produced with different roughness in order to obtain a function that would correlate the laser signal with its roughness (this measurement is made by tactile measurement instrument). The transfer function obtained was tested on different samples that generated in order to prove its efficacy. Samples produced with different cutting tools were also produced and subjected to the same procedure. The transfer functions reached a successful prediction of the roughness maximum for 16.6% of the points assuming a margin of error of 20%. So, looking up the reasons that could have caused this percentage we think the possibility as the occurrence of some optical effects that can cause interference due to irregularities on the surface. These optical effects can degenerate the reflected signal. The proof that the signal could possibly be corrupted was made by the bibliographic references and some images obtained by scanning electron microscopy in which they could observe the existence of structures on the sample surfaces that would can be a reason for these effects individually or together.
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CHEN, YING-CHIAO, and 陳映喬. "Development of a Portable Non-contact Measuring System for Surface Roughness and Surface Profile." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b5mz8k.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
107
The purpose of this study is to develop a portable non-contact surface measurement system that can be used to evaluate the surface profile and roughness after polishing. The laser beam, passing through the collimating lens and by changing the grating mask, one to three parallel beams can be generated. The beams projected on the object and then reflected on the imaging screen. Then, the image on the screen were captured by the CCD industrial camera for further analysis. In this study, LabVIEW is used as the main programming tool. With the help of the NI Vision Assistant software, the captured image can be filtered in the first stage and the generated code can be written in LabVIEW with graphical program. This study is divided into two parts: surface roughness measurement and surface contour measurement. The surface roughness of a test object is measured by using the reflected light intensity method, the suitable threshold value, which was used to evaluate the roughness of the test piece, has been found by analyzing the relationship between the roughness value and the reflection image. The measurement system is attempted to be integrated with the robot arm for the possible in-process measurement after the surface finishing processing has been achieved. Regarding the surface contour measurement, different curved surfaces will reflect the laser light fringes at different positions on the screen. A relationship equation between the position of light spots, which reflect from the curved surface and the surface parameter, and then the height, the X-axis and the Y-axis rotation angle of the object, has been verify by the derived relational equations, respectively. According to the experimental results, the threshold value of the roughness measurement for our system was 90, the test piece with the surface roughness of 0.02μm-0.2μm can be measured. With regard to the surface profile measurement, the result was verified by the relational equation. The actual measurement of the cylindrical profile of a test object is consistent with the data obtained by the contact measurement system.
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Yang, Ching-Kun, and 楊景焜. "A study of non-contact surface roughness measuring system for the steel with good surface finishing." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54002551212158649186.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
89
The Objective of this study is to develop a non-contact surface roughness measuring system for the steel with good surface finishing (Ra=0.04~0.8µm). The system consists of four major parts, namely the line projector, a X-Y stage to move the specimen, CCD camera, and image analysis software. The measuring principle of the developed system based on the scattering characteristics of the laser beam projected on a workpiece surface with homogenous surface roughness. The larger the surface roughness value the larger the correspondent line width. The line width of the image was determined by the so-called edge detection method through calculating the first derivative of the smoothed image filtered by average filter and then finding the maximum slope position. A back propagation neural network was also developed in this study to predict the unknown surface roughness of the specimen via the measured line width by training the experimental surface roughness and line width data. According to the experimental results, the predicted surface roughness through back propagation neural network method was more accurate than that of the second order, third order, and fourth order polynomial curve fitting of the experimental surface roughness and line width data.
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Kao, Hsiang-Lun, and 高祥倫. "Development of a Non-Contact and Optical Measuring Automation System for the Surface Roughness of Disk Cams." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y2627w.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
機械與機電工程學系
105
Disk cam mechanisms are still applied in a wide variety of machinery, and disk cams are their essential parts. Disk cams are contact-type transmission elements, so the surface roughness of their profiles must be well to avoid excessive vibration and noise occurring at high-speed operations of the machinery. In order to make disk cams achieve excellent performance, the roughness surfaces of machined cam profiles must be inspected for quality control. This thesis aims at developing a non-contact and optical measuring automation system for measuring the surface roughness of disk cams. Technologies of precision machinery, motion control, logic control, optical measurement, machine vision, image processing, and data acquisition must be integrated into one system to realize the automated optical measurement of the surface roughness of disk cams. Firstly, by applying the laser scattering phenomena occurred when a laser beam illuminates the surface of an object, a non-contact measuring method called the speckle-spot area method was proposed in this study for measuring of the surface roughness of the cam profile. The speckle-spot area method is based on the use of a laser displacement meter (a laser point light source) to illuminate the cam profile surface, and to capture the speckle images by using a camera. The speckle images are then dealt with by image processing to obtain the areas of the speckles, and the surface roughness values of the cam profile to be measured are calculated through using a correlation curve. Numerous data of speckle images were obtained through experiments in this study, and the correlation curve between the speckle area and the surface roughness value was obtained by using regression analysis. Secondly, in order construct an optical measuring automation system to realize the proposed method, a measuring machine for examining the profile accuracy of disk cams developed in previous study was improved by adding a rotary motion stage and a roughness-measuring vision module, and the necessary system integration and the development of an automated measuring procedure were carried out. Finally, practical experiments were conducted. The experimental results showed that the developed system could achieve a repeatability range of ±0.15 μm when considering the mean roughness values and the extreme roughness values of the contour points on individual cam samples. Also, by considering the total mean values of the mean roughness values and of the extreme roughness values obtained by the developed system and by a traditional contact-type roughness measuring system, respectively, relative measuring errors between the two systems could achieve a range of ±0.03 μm. Therefore, the proposed speckle-spot area method in combined with the developed non-contact and optical measuring automation system indeed can realize the surface roughness measurement of disk cams with high precision and high accuracy.
Частини книг з теми "Roughness class measuring system"
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Santagata, E., and S. Sciamanna. "Development of a new response-type road roughness measuring system." In Sustainability, Eco-efficiency, and Conservation in Transportation Infrastructure Asset Management, 711–18. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16730-104.
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Akhtar, Imtisal, Malik Abdul Rehman, and Yongho Seo. "Measuring the Blind Holes: Three-Dimensional Imaging of through Silicon via Using High Aspect Ratio AFM Probe." In 21st Century Surface Science - a Handbook. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92739.
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Three-dimensional integration and stacking of semiconductor devices with high density, its compactness, miniaturization and vertical 3D stacking of nanoscale devices highlighted many challenging problems in the 3D parameter’s such as CD (critical dimension) measurement, depth measurement of via holes, internal morphology of through silicon via (TSV), etc. Current challenge in the high-density 3D semiconductor devices is to measure the depth of through silicon via (TSV) without destructing the sample; TSVs are used in 3D stacking devices to connect the wafers stacked vertically to reduce the wiring delay, power dissipation, and of course, the form factor in the integration system. Special probes and algorithms have been designed to measure 3D parameters like wall roughness, sidewall angle, but these are only limited to deep trench-like structures and cannot be applied to structures like via holes and protrusions. To address these problems, we have proposed an algorithm based nondestructive 3D Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Using the high aspect ratio (5, 10, 20, 25) multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) AFM probe, the depth of holes up to 1 micron is faithfully obtained. In addition to this, internal topography, side walls, and location of via holes are obtained faithfully. This atomic force microscopy technique enables to 3D scan the features (of any shape) present above and below the surface.
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Khimicheva, Ganna, and Oleksii Dziuba. "BACKGROUND FOR DEVELOPING THE PARAMETER CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE COMFORT ZONE OF OFFICE PREMISES." In Development of scientific, technological and innovation space in Ukraine and EU countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-151-0-35.
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The results of the research related to the selection and justification of the parameters of office space comfort zones and sensors for their control have been presented. The parameters that determine the comfort zone of the premises have been divided into two groups. The first group includes microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, and air quality). The second group includes the parameters due to the equipment operation (radiation, lighting, dust, atmospheric pressure, noise). It has been shown that the level of comfort depends on the class of office space. For classes A and B, the microclimate parameters can be controlled and maintained by built-in air conditioning systems. However, the parameters of the second group require the development and implementation of specific engineering solutions. Class C, D, E office premises require the development and implementation of control systems, both for the microclimate parameters and the parameters due to the equipment operation. The paper presents a thorough analysis of standards and scientific publications on the object of research. Based on the results of the analysis, it has been concluded that existing publications, as a rule, provide mechanisms and tools for assessing individual parameters of the comfort zone and do not provide recommendations for their generalized (comprehensive) definition. Standards regulate either the normalized values of parameters or provide methods, principles, approaches to obtaining them. A three-step algorithm has been developed to define the parameters that determine the comfort zone of office premises. The peculiarity of this algorithm is that it allows simultaneously taking into account both the level of employee satisfaction with the comfort zone and the actual values of the parameters obtained using instrumental measurement methods. This approach allows finding a correlation between the results obtained by the questionnaire survey and by measuring and selecting the optimal parameter values of the office space comfort zone. To determine the configuration of the control system of office space comfort zone more than 50 sensors manufactured by different firms and companies have been analyzed. The selection and substantiation of sensors were carried out by the method of comparative analysis of their technical characteristics. According to the results of the analysis, seven sensors were selected. In particular, the SHT30 sensor manufactured by the Swiss company Sensirion was chosen to determine the temperature and humidity; for measuring air quality BME680 sensor from the German company Bosch was chosen; to determine the illuminance – a sensor type GY-302; for electric radiation – digital unipolar sensor A3144; for the dust parameter – the sensor of the Chinese company Waveshare; for noise level measurement – a sensor based on the MAX9814 amplifier manufactured by the American company Arduino and for atmospheric pressure – a BMP280 sensor. The research results should be used at the stage of control system development, both the microclimate parameters and the parameters due to the equipment operation. They are especially relevant for office premises of C, D, E classes, which have a lower level of comfort zone compared to classes A and B.
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Reid, Samuel, and Travis West. "Measuring the Frequency of Critical Thinking in a Second Language Academic Discussion Course." In Development of Innovative Pedagogical Practices for a Modern Learning Experience, 237–68. CSMFL Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46679/978819484836309.
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As technology and globalization increase the chances of exposure to information, learners’ Critical Thinking (CT) and researchers’ ability to measure it will play an important role in developing modern educational experiences. This is particularly the case for English language learners who wish to enter tertiary education in English-speaking countries (Liaw, 2007; Wagner, 2010). Emphasis on such skills is increasingly a facet of language education in Japanese contexts. This can be seen in changes implemented by the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology which have encouraged a focus on CT in English language courses during recent years (MEXT, 2011). However, it can be difficult for second language (L2) learners to exhibit CT in an L2 (Bali, 2015; Luk & Lin, 2015). Measuring CT in learner output has also proven difficult, which can be an obstacle to further integrating CT in L2 pedagogy. Studies exploring ways of measuring CT in an L2 have largely focused on written work (e.g., Davidson & Dunham, 1997; Floyd, 2011; Stapleton, 2001), while analysis of CT in spoken L2 discourse has seen little attention. As a result, little advice can be found on practical steps for teachers to help learners display CT when speaking in an L2. This chapter describes a study of arguments made during group discussions in an L2 English Discussion course at a Japanese university. A corpus of spontaneous spoken discourse recorded during class was analyzed to measure the frequency of CT displayed in an academic setting where CT was not an explicit focus of the course. Arguments in the corpus were identified using Ramage et al.’s (2016) model of argument criteria, and a categorization system was developed in which discourse was classified as displaying either objective reasoning or subjective reasoning. Participants were found to have used approximately 72% objective and 28% subjective reasoning. However, further analysis revealed an important qualitative difference in arguments identified as incorporating objective reasoning. The results of the study suggest two areas that may help teachers promote an increase in student usage of CT: the importance of question prompts in orienting learners towards CT in their answers, and a specific focus on the role of pronoun usage in taking a subjective or objective stance.
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Petryshyn, Igor, and Olexandr Bas. "NATURAL GAS HEAT COMBUSTION DETERMINATION ON MEASURING SYSTEMS WITH DUPLICATE GAS UNITS." In Integration of traditional and innovative scientific researches: global trends and regional aspect. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-001-8-2-8.
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The paper focuses on the need to determine the natural gas heat combustion in order to transition to gas metering in units of energy. The technical organization of gas transportation in the main and distribution pipelines on the territory of Ukraine is shown. A detailed analysis of regulatory and legal support, which regulates the definition and accounting of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of natural gas at gas metering units. The draft Rules for determining the natural gas volume are considered in detail. Specified variants of determining the weighted average value of combustion heat in the case of complex gas supply systems with the use of flow measuring means of gas combustion heat. The necessity and urgency of determining the natural gas heat combustion on measuring systems, which are equipped with duplicate metering units without the installation flow means measuring the heat combustion. Emphasis is placed on the fact that a large number of measuring systems are built on the method of variable pressure drop with the use of standard orifice devices. It is pointed out that this method, according to its physical principle, measures the mass gas flow rate. It is also stipulated that ultrasonic gas meters are often used to complete duplicate metering units. The advantages of ultrasonic meters are given. Attention is drawn to the availability of technical metrological support in Ukraine on the basis calibration prover, which includes two secondary standards gas volume and volume flow rate units. Methods and technical means for determining the natural gas heat combustion are analyzed. The calculation of the gas heat combustion and the Wobbe number based on the density values is shown. It is noted that the value of the gas mass flow rate is related to the value of the gas volume flow rate precisely the value of density. The nonlinear dependence of the gas mass heat combustion for the density, which is associated with a disproportionate change in the percentage of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms, is shown. The structural scheme of the measuring system with the duplicating metering unit for gas density definition and gas heat combustion calculation is developed. The density calculation and natural gas heat combustion depending on the molar fraction of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the gas from the minimum to the maximum value is carried out. The linear dependence of the change in the gas heat combustion for the molar fraction of nitrogen is established, on the basis of which the method of controlling the gas heat combustion for measuring systems with a duplicate metering unit is proposed. It is shown that the developed procedure for determining the natural gas heat combustion based on the value of density, which is obtained from the calculation of gas mass flow rate and gas volume flow rate consumption on measuring systems with duplicate metering units exactly satisfies class B and C according to DSTU OIML R 140.
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Larson, Richard S., and Alexandre Chigaev. "Applications of Flow Cytometry to Cell Adhesion Biology: From Aggregates to Drug Discovery." In Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.003.0023.
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Flow cytometry represents a powerful and evolving methodologic approach to cell adhesion biology. In its beginnings, flow cytometry was used solely to measure the expression of receptors on cellular surfaces and to correlate that expression with biologic function in non-flow-cytometry-based assays. From this primitive beginning, applications have proliferated and now include methodologies that measure real-time aggregation, receptor activity, and the downstream biologic consequences of cell adhesion. These biologic applications have led to platforms that are easily employed as drug screening and target validation tools. Functional assays that measure cell aggregation were initially developed to measure cell–cell interactions in the immune system, especially between cytotoxic cells and various cell types targeted as the focus of their cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxic “effector” cells and the “target” cells were stained with spectrally distinct fluorescent dyes, gently sedimented together into a cell pellet, and allowed to interact under static conditions for designated intervals of time. When resuspended and introduced into the flow cytometer, effector cells adherent to target cells were detected as “conjugate” particles emitting the fluorescence spectra of both dyes. Nonadherent effector and target cells were detected as monochromatically fluorescent particles. By using ion concentration–sensitive cytoplasmic fluorescent probes as the effector cell labels, it was also possible to detect physiological changes in intracellular ionized calcium and pH elicited by adhesion to target cells and to correlate these responses with cytotoxic function. Later, methods were developed for continuously measuring (“real-time”) cell adhesive interactions as they progressed over time in a fluid shear environment. A limitation of early adhesion kinetics analyses was that the fluid shear was generated with a magnetic stir bar and was thus neither homogeneous nor amenable to precise quantification. Subsequent refinement of these methods has enabled flow cytometric analysis of cell mixtures subjected to a more uniform and quantifiable fluid shear environment generated in a cone-plate viscometer. Cell mixtures are sampled periodically from the viscometer into a formalin fixative solution for subsequent off-line flow cytometric analysis. These experiments have been able to demonstrate a remarkable potentiation of adhesion efficiency through the combined action of two sets of adhesion molecules and a progression of adhesion molecule use from one class to another over time.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Roughness class measuring system"
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Na, Xiao-Feng, Zhaobang Pu, and Xiu-Mei Wen. "High- precision measuring system of surface roughness." In Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments, edited by Li Zhu. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.156507.
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Han, Jinhong, Yunkai Wang, and Xianfeng Zhang. "A measuring system for surface roughness parameters." In Third International Symposium on Precision Mechanical Measurements. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.716176.
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Isakson, Marcia J., Paul Abkowitz, Michael Rukavina, Zel Hurwitz, and Isaac Metcalf. "Measuring seafloor roughness using an ROV mounted laser profiling system." In OCEANS 2016 MTS/IEEE Monterey. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2016.7761135.
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Haiping, Lu, Xu Chunliang, Jia Mingquan, and Chen Yan. "A New Type and Facile Measuring System of Soil Roughness." In 2008 International Workshop on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ETT and GRS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ettandgrs.2008.116.
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An, Deok-Soon, Jeong-Hee Nam, and Soo-Ahn Kwon. "Calibration of Roughness Measuring Instrument for Adopting the Performance Warranty System." In GeoHunan International Conference 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41047(354)9.
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Kumar, Lohith, Teja Tallam, Naveen Kumar ChikkaKrishna, Muppa Karunakar Reddy, and S. Pradeep Reddy. "Response Type Road Roughness Measuring System from a Vehicle Mounted Android Smartphone." In 2022 IEEE Delhi Section Conference (DELCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/delcon54057.2022.9753508.
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Deng, Zhicong, and Masanori Kurita. "Development of an optical system for measuring the roughness of blasted surfaces." In International Conference on Sensors and Control Techniques (ICSC2000), edited by Desheng Jiang and Anbo Wang. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.385553.
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Ma, Jing, and Kun Ma. "Simultaneous Stabilization for a Class of Generalized Linear System." In 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2009.404.
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Snezhko, Yury. "Mathematical modeling of amplitude-phase measuring system for a precision surface-roughness registration." In San Diego '92, edited by Katherine Creath and John E. Greivenkamp. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.139241.
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Li, Zhanhong, and Jianxin Liu. "The In-process and Real-Time Roughness Measuring System Design for Free-Form Surface." In 2010 International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2010.205.
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