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1
Chen, Bingyin, Weiwen Wang, Yingchang You, Wanxue Zhu, Yutong Dong, Yuepeng Xu, Ming Chang, and Xuemei Wang. "Influence of rooftop mitigation strategies on the thermal environment in a subtropical city." Urban Climate 49 (May 2023): 101450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101450.
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2
Zheng, Yuanfan, and Qihao Weng. "Modeling the Effect of Green Roof Systems and Photovoltaic Panels for Building Energy Savings to Mitigate Climate Change." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Green roofs and rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are two popular mitigation strategies to reduce the net building energy demand and ease urban heat island (UHI) effect. This research tested the potential mitigation effects of green roofs and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on increased buildings energy demand caused by climate change in Los Angeles County, California, USA. The mitigation effects were assessed based on selected buildings that were predicted to be more vulnerable to climate change. EnergyPlus software was used to simulate hourly building energy consumption with the proper settings of PV-green roofs. All buildings with green roofs showed positive energy savings with regard to total energy and electricity. The savings caused by green roofs were positively correlated with three key parameters: Leaf Area Index (LAI), soil depth, and irrigation saturation percentage. Moreover, the majority of the electricity-saving benefits from green roofs were found in the Heating, Ventilation, and Cooling (HVAC) systems. In addition, this study found that green roofs have different energy-saving abilities on different types of buildings with different technologies, which has received little attention in previous studies.
3
Oliveira, Rui, Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida, António Figueiredo, and Romeu Vicente. "A Case Study on a Stochastic-Based Optimisation Approach towards the Integration of Photovoltaic Panels in Multi-Residential Social Housing." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 15, 2021): 7615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227615.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The socioeconomic reality and the energy retrofit potential of the social housing neighbourhoods in Portugal are stimulating challenges to be addressed by research to pursue suitable energy efficient strategies to be integrated into these buildings. Therefore, this study explored a stochastic-based optimisation approach towards the integration of photovoltaic (PV) panels, considering different scenarios that combine the occupancy rate, the internal gains, the envelope refurbishment and the heating system efficiency. The optimisation approach has as its objective the minimisation of the life cycle cost of the photovoltaic system while using a limited space area on the rooftop for its installation. This study allowed concluding that the use of passive measures such as improving the thermal performance of the building envelope is essential to attain a lower optimal-sizing of a photovoltaic installation. The results reveal a decreasing trend in the PV optimal sizing, attaining a reduction up to 30% of the total number of PV panels installed on the sloped rooftop in several scenarios with 50% of occupancy rate. However, the impact can be greater when passive measures are coupled to more efficient heating systems, with higher COP, which result in a decrease up to 64% of the number of PV panels. Thus, the approach proposed is of paramount importance to aid in the decision-making process of design and sizing of photovoltaic installation, highlighting the practical application potential for social housing and a contribution for mitigation of the energy poverty of low-income families that live in these buildings.
4
Loibl, Wolfgang, Milena Vuckovic, Ghazal Etminan, Matthias Ratheiser, Simon Tschannett, and Doris Österreicher. "Effects of Densification on Urban Microclimate—A Case Study for the City of Vienna." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040511.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate adaptation, mitigation, and protecting strategies are becoming even more important as climate change is intensifying. The impacts of climate change are especially tangible in dense urban areas due to the inherent characteristics of urban structure and materiality. To assess impacts of densification on urban climate and potential adaptation strategies a densely populated Viennese district was modeled as a typical sample area for the city of Vienna. The case study analyzed the large-scale densification potential and its potential effects on microclimate, air flow, comfort, and energy demand by developing 3D models of the area showing the base case and densification scenarios. Three methods were deployed to assess the impact of urban densification: Micro-climate analysis (1) explored urban heat island phenomena, wind pattern analysis (2) investigated ventilation and wind comfort at street level, and energy and indoor climate comfort analysis (3) compared construction types and greening scenarios and analyzed their impact on the energy demand and indoor temperatures. Densification has negative impacts on urban microclimates because of reducing wind speeds and thus weakening ventilation of street canyons, as well as accelerating heat island effects and associated impact on the buildings. However, densification also has daytime cooling effects because of larger shaded areas. On buildings, densification may have negative effects especially in the new upper, sun-exposed floors. Construction material has less impact than glazing area and rooftop greening. Regarding adaptation to climate change, the impacts of street greening, green facades, and green roofs were simulated: The 24-h average mean radiant temperature (MRT) at street level can be reduced by up to 15 K during daytime. At night there is only a slight reduction by a few tenths of 1 K MRT. Green facades have a similar effect on MRT reduction, while green roofs show only a slight reduction by a few tenths of 1 K MRT on street level. The results show that if appropriate measures were applied, negative effects of densification could be reduced, and positive effects could be achieved.
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Heshmat Mohajer, Hamed Reza Heshmat, Lan Ding, and Mattheos Santamouris. "Developing Heat Mitigation Strategies in the Urban Environment of Sydney, Australia." Buildings 12, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070903.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heat island effects raise the ambient air temperature in metropolitan areas by 4–5 degrees Celsius and can reach 10 degrees Celsius at their maximum. This phenomenon magnifies cities’ energy difficulties while reducing comfort. Mitigation strategies have been developed and recommended to deal with the issue. Methods to increase albedo and the utilisation of vegetation appear to be the most promising, with a reasonably high heat island reduction capacity. This paper examines the heat mitigation techniques and their effectiveness under Sydney’s climate conditions and compares strategies. We implement two perspectives, namely urban greening (green roofs, green pavements) and albedo (street, roof), and characterise urban surface structures, and Envi-met software is employed for our simulation method. Mitigation strategies show a cooling potential of 4.1 °C in temperature along this precinct during the heatwave period. Scenarios that increase high-albedo material on the road, pavements and rooftops and full mitigation show the maximum cooling potential. The mitigation strategies have higher predicted cooling potential on the peak ambient temperature, up to 1.18 °C, while having no or little impact on minimum ambient temperature. The outdoor thermal comfort based on PMV indices varies between a minimum of −0.33 in scenario seven in large layout areas to 3. However, the mitigation scenario presents more acceptable outdoor thermal comfort, but large layouts are predicted to have a hot condition.
6
Boulahia, Meskiana, Kahina Amal Djiar, and Miguel Amado. "Combined Engineering—Statistical Method for Assessing Solar Photovoltaic Potential on Residential Rooftops: Case of Laghouat in Central Southern Algeria." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061626.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solar energy planning becomes crucial to develop adaptive policies ensuring both energy efficiency and climate change mitigation. Cities, particularly building’s rooftops, constitute a promising infrastructure for enabling the use of locale solar resources. This study proposes a combined engineering–statistical methodology to assess the photovoltaic potential of residential rooftops. Using validated algorithms for solar simulation and geographical information system (GIS) for spatial dissemination, the proposed methodology deals with the lack of data and allows an accurate investigation of the geographical and technical potential. Applied to the municipality of Laghouat, the results reveal that suitable rooftops areas for PV installations in the examined typologies were approximately between 18 and 35%. Moreover, the deployment of distributed PV systems on residential rooftops provides significant technical potential, which could cover up to 55% of the annual electricity needs. These original findings offer a realistic assessment of the usable solar potential within municipalities, which helps decision-makers establish energy efficiency strategies by reducing energy consumption and increasing the share of renewable electricity production. Additionally, the discussion offers valuable insight into energy management and investigates eventual energy sharing among residential buildings to achieve a net-zero energy balance at the municipal level.
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Bigurra-Alzati, Carlos Alfredo, Ruperto Ortiz-Gómez, Gabriela A. Vázquez-Rodríguez, Luis D. López-León, and Liliana Lizárraga-Mendiola. "Water Conservation and Green Infrastructure Adaptations to Reduce Water Scarcity for Residential Areas with Semi-Arid Climate: Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico." Water 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing population and urban sprawl will continue to add significant pressure to natural resources in arid and semi-arid zones. This study evaluates the theoretical effectiveness of adapting resilient strategies such as water conservation and green infrastructure to mitigate the water scarcity faced by the inhabitants of a residential area with a semi-arid climate. Three scenarios were analyzed at a micro-basin level to determine the mitigation of surface runoff and the volume that can be theoretically intercepted for further use: (a) unaltered natural watershed (scenario 1), (b) currently urbanized watershed (scenario 2), and (c) watershed adapted with resilient strategies (scenario 3). For this last scenario, the annual usable volume of rainwater intercepted on the dwelling rooftops was obtained. The runoff and peak flow in the natural watershed were lower than in the other two scenarios. In contrast, a decrease in the runoff was observed in scenario 3 concerning scenario 2, which indicates that the interception of rainwater on house roofs and the adoption of green infrastructure solutions would significantly reduce the diameter of urban drainage pipes required in new developments, as well as the dependency of inhabitants on potable water services. In sites with semi-arid climates, it is possible to take advantage of the rainwater harvested on rooftops and the runoff intercepted through green infrastructure to mitigate local water scarcity problems, which should be considered and adopted in new residential developments.
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Rapisarda, R., F. Nocera, V. Costanzo, C. Sciuto, and R. Caponetto. "Preliminary Assessment of the thermal performances of a hydroponic green roof system in a Mediterranean climate." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.361.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the main goals of building design is indoor comfort, regardless of its use (residential, educational, institutional, etc…). However, to achieve indoor comfort, buildings require a significant amount of energy. In the last decades, designers and researchers have been studying new strategies to improve buildings’ energy efficiency, with the purpose of mitigating the negative environmental impact caused by heavy energy consumption. Green roofs have been one of the most investigated solutions because of the many thermal benefits they can offer, and amongst these, hydroponic green roofs gained momentum. This study aims to analyse the rooftop temperature reduction provided during the hot months by a hydroponic green roof, compared to a traditional roof slab and an extensive green roof, in order to assess the different performances of these systems. In situ experiments were conducted to collect surface temperature of the roof slab during summer, with and without the hydroponic system, in order to assess the potential temperature reduction, which subsequently affects the heat flow through the roof and therefore the indoor air temperature. The results show a significant decrease in the external surface temperature of the roof compared to the bare roof, but also slightly better performance compared to the extensive green roof. Despite first promising results, the knowledge on hydroponic green roofs performance remains limited and some drawbacks need to be assessed. For these reasons, further in situ testing should be carried out, under different climatic conditions and experimental setups.
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Judeh, Tariq, and Isam Shahrour. "Rainwater Harvesting to Address Current and Forecasted Domestic Water Scarcity: Application to Arid and Semi-Arid Areas." Water 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 3583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper discusses the effectiveness of rooftops rainwater harvesting (RRWH) in addressing domestic water scarcity, emphasizing the West Bank (Palestine) as an example of arid to semi-arid areas with limited water resources. The paper deals with the actual and future water demand by considering climate-change impact and urban growth. The analysis is based on the evaluation of (i) the supply–demand balance index (SDBI), which designates the ratio between the total water supply (TWS) and total water demand (TWD), and (ii) the potential of RRWH. Applying this methodology to the West Bank shows that the potential RRWH can contribute by about 40 million cubic meters/year in 2020, which is approximately the same amount of water as the municipal water supply (42 million cubic meters/year). This contribution can effectively reduce the suffering governorates from 64% to 27% in 2020. Furthermore, it can support water-related decision-makers in the arid to semi-arid areas in formulating efficient and sustainable water resources strategies. The analysis also shows that the domestic water scarcity in 2050 will be worse than in 2020 for all governorates. For example, 73% of the West Bank governorates are expected to suffer from extreme to acute water scarcity in 2050 compared to 64% in 2020. Thus, RRWH appears to be highly efficient in mitigating the current and future domestic water scarcity in the West Bank.
10
Zonato, A., A. Martilli, E. Gutierrez, F. Chen, C. He, M. Barlage, D. Zardi, and L. Giovannini. "Exploring the Effects of Rooftop Mitigation Strategies on Urban Temperatures and Energy Consumption." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 21 (November 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021jd035002.
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Khan, Ansar, Samiran Khorat, Quang‐Van Doan, Rupali Khatun, Debashish Das, Rafiq Hamdi, Laura Carlosena, Mattheos Santamouris, Matei Georgescu, and Dev Niyogi. "Exploring the meteorological impacts of surface and rooftop heat mitigation strategies over a tropical city." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, February 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022jd038099.
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Debangshi, Udit, Pritam Ghosh, Himanshu Tiwari, Durgesh Kumar Maurya, and Manoj Kumar. "Urban Resiliency towards Climate Change." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, September 2, 2022, 2037–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1131194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
India will experience massive urbanization in the coming decades, with the country's urban population expected to double by 2050. Climate change is a major threat to urban systems all over the world. Its consequences are expected to worsen over the next few decades. The consequences of climate changes are more in urban areas than rural due to rapid urbanization, health issue, decreasing water level and industrialization etc. Climate change consequences such as increased rainfall intensity, storm surges, temperature fluctuation and flooding are expected to have a global impact on urban health, sustainability, coastal areas, urban infrastructure, migrants, ecosystems and urban water use. On the other hand, humanity able to take collective action to mitigate the severity of these impacts. Mitigation and adaptation strategies, such as climate resilient agriculture, rooftop farming, extreme weather mitigation, resilient water use and so on, will almost certainly be required to deal with these effects. It is encouraging to note that urban planning has the potential to play a key role in developing and implementing adaptive responses in urban systems. The benefit of urban planning is sustainable and required some urban planning regimes around the world which include, plan-making, stakeholder engagement, development management and design standards to make a better and greener urban ecosystem.
13
Thanikonda, Ashok, and Deepak Krishnan. "Strategies to harness Bengaluru’s solar potential." Journal of Sustainable Urbanization, Planning and Progress 2, no. 1 (May 19, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/jsupp.2017.01.003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solar energy is a key component of cities’ climate mitigation and energy security plans, due to its ease of installation & operation and drastic decline in costs.In Bengaluru, residential, commercial and industrial (C & I) consumers contributed to around 85% of the electricity consumption and resultant emissions during 2014 and 2015. What are the options for these consumers within the ambit of current policies to procure solar power? Are changes required in these policies to scale up the adoption of solar power?WRI India has explored two possible options – off-site and on-site procurement of solar energy.On-site procurementIn 2013, net-metering which allows export of excess power to the grid was not available in Bengaluru. This, in addition to expensive electricity storage options meant that the complete potential of an on-site solar plant could not be realized.WRII has found that net-metering regulations for rooftop solar projects in Karnataka, introduced in November 2014, were met with moderate success among C & I consumers. The adoption among residential consumers was slow due to information gaps about financial parameters, net-metering procedures and credible installers.On May 2, 2016 gross metering scheme is introduced for both categories of consumers. WRII intends to look into the effectiveness of the new scheme.Off-site solar procurementGrid-connected solar power projects in Karnataka, commissioned before 31 March 2018, were exempted from payment of wheeling, banking charges and cross subsidy surcharge for the first 10 years for sale to 3rd party customers.Since the typical payback period for a utility scale solar project is around 7 years, this order provided long term clarity for investors, solar project developers and consumers. For certain categories of consumers (commercial), the exemption meant that solar energy became more viable. However, challenges in procuring land and bottlenecks in power evacuation, may delay the large scale deployment of solar projects to the latter half of 2016.
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Yadapadithaya, P. Subrahmanya, Prashantha Naik, and Kishori Nayak K. "Implementation of Environment-Friendly Strategies for Energy Conservation and Mitigation of Climate Change – A Holistic Approach in Mangalagangotri Campus." Journal of Sustainability Perspectives 2 (August 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jsp.2022.15513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The harnessing of renewable energies and mitigation of climate change are like two faces of a coin. Decentralized implementation and individual-level practices of eco-friendly strategies contribute a lot on a global scale. In this context, Mangalore University on its headquarters Mangalagangotri campus, adopted and implemented many eco-friendly activities, technologies, and policies for sustainable development. Installation of solar power panels for electricity generation, of the current estimated value of 23,13,311 kWh/month; replacement of incandescent bulbs with LED bulbs with an energy saving of around 62% and procurement of most energy-efficient electronic & electrical appliances (47%) are some of the technologies that have been implemented for energy conservation. Implementation of e-Governance and e-Office program of Govt of Karnataka, and campus management system, social media, and email-based official communications have significantly reduced the usage of papers (>70% ); a complete ban on single-use plastics; recycling of organic wastes through vermicomposting, pot-composting, biogas production; encouraging electric vehicles are some of the adopted strategies. Altogether these strategies have significantly reduced the release of greenhouse gases in and around the campus in our efforts to join with global efforts to drop carbon footprint below 2 tons by 2050. The rainwater harvesting through the rooftop catchments and check-dams contributed to ≈ 50% water conservation. The campus comprises 32.4% of its total area with natural vegetation (463192 m2) and currently with 30.8% planted vegetation (439670 m2) of the total area (1428540 m2). The campus biodiversity was further enriched by periodical tree plantation drives with special reference to the planting of fruit-yielding saplings. As an Institutional Social Responsibility (ISR), the university has been making efforts to disseminate the knowledge of eco-friendly practices, by conducting public awareness programs and publishing popular articles in regional language. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic and government-imposed lockdown to curb the spread of the novel coronavirus, the University has continued eco-friendly activities and setting up of infrastructures, by strictly following safety guidelines. Overall, our continued holistic approaches of various eco-friendly strategies, in terms of the utility of advanced technologies, eGovernance, solar energy, and rainwater harvesting, organic wastes management, recycling of solid wastes, and many others, have been implemented since its inception have significantly helped in saving energy and reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases.Keyword: Climate change; Eco-friendly strategies; Carbon footprint; Greenhouse gases
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Vardhu, Venkata Ajay Kumar, and Dr Anupama Sharma. "Classification, Mitigations and Methods to Detect UHI: A Review." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 02 (February 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem17711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because of urbanisation, surfaces of buildings and pavements have increasingly displaced green areas in urban areas. Because of this, solar energy is absorbed by roads, buildings, & rooftops, increasing the surface temperature over that of the surrounding air. This is known as an "Urban Heat Island" (UHI). Urban heat islands can worsen the quality of the environment where people live, increase energy demand, elevate ground-level ozone, and potentially raise death rates. Because of the seriousness of the situation, considerable study has been conducted, and a lot of literature on the subject is now available. This review presents the types, causes, effects, mitigation measures and methods to detect the UHI with their limitations. One of the major findings is that increasing landscaping areas and using high-albedo materials have a great effect on reducing UHI. The majority of researchers are working towards the detection of UHI and suggesting mitigation strategies, then reviewing the implemented mitigation measures and policy making. Keywords: Urban heat island (UHI); Types of UHI; UHI Causes, effects & mitigation strategies; methods to detect the UHI with their limitations;