Статті в журналах: "Roller milling"

1

Pendharkar, Ashish B., and Laxmikant S. Dhamande. "Titanium Alloy is Best Material for Roller Shaft in Sugar Mill." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 12 (October 30, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.j9417.10101221.

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In sugar industry, the sugar processing done in different sections, but to increase total crushing per day (TCD) capacity, the milling section takes a vital role in the sugar industry. The sugar industry aims to extract the maximum amount of juice from sugarcane. In the milling section, the processed sugarcane is fed in between the three-roller shaft from the different arrangements, there are different loads applied on each part roller shafts. When load between all rollers varies then there is a chance of bending it is analyzed to check the roller shaft condition. The modeling is done on roller shaft with the help of CATIA V5. After modeling, we analyze the condition of the rollers, when different stress or forces are applied to different sections of the roller shaft it analyzed with the help of Finite element method using ANSYS WORKBENCH software. We were selecting titanium alloy materials for the roller shaft to analyze the variation in results. When comparing the calculated and software-based results using Maximum Shear stress and Total deformation for top, feed, and discharge rollers said the roller shafts are safe to use in the sugar industry and titanium alloy is the best material for these roller shafts.

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2

Qiu, Zhi Wen, Jin Yun Cheng, Jian Feng Zhou, Qin Qin He, Xiao Dong Ma, Zhi Wen Wang, Xin Chao Chen, et al. "Effect of Ball Milling Methods on the Properties of Quartz Sand Powder Materials from the Yangtze River." Advanced Materials Research 804 (September 2013): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.804.47.

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In order to lay raw materials foundation for increasing the performance of insulating brick with the low grade quartz sand along the Yangtze River, the effect of ball milling methods on the properties of quartz sand powder was researched via the ball milling method in this paper. The results show the mean grain size of quartz powders are 11.25μm via a roller ball milling, the mean grain size of quartz powders are 7.37μm via a planetary ball milling, and the particle size distribution of quartz powders milled via a roller ball milling is wider than that of quartz powders milled via a planetary ball milling. The ball milling strength of planetary ball milling is higher than that of roller ball milling. The planetary ball milling use more electronic energy than the roller ball milling in the same time. The output of powder using the roller ball milling is more than that of powder using the planetary ball milling. when the raw materials of quartz building materials is low particle size remand, and the output is more, the roller ball milling methods is suitable to prepare the raw materials of quartz building materials.

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3

Campbell, Grant M., and Colin Webb. "On predicting roller milling performance." Powder Technology 115, no. 3 (April 2001): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(00)00348-x.

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4

Campbell, G. M., P. J. Bunn, C. Webb, and S. C. W. Hook. "On predicting roller milling performance." Powder Technology 115, no. 3 (April 2001): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(00)00349-1.

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5

Fistes, Aleksandar. "Comparative analysis of milling results on the tail-end reduction passages of the wheat flour milling process: Conventional vs. eight-roller milling system." Chemical Industry 69, no. 4 (2015): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind140211055f.

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Introduction of the eight-roller mill into the wheat flour milling process significantly reduces the investment costs and overall energy requirements compared to the conventional milling system. However, the conditions for controlled milling are less favorable and could result in deterioration of flour yield and quality. Paper compares milling results obtained using a conventional process and process with an eight-roller mill employed on the tail-end passages of the reduction system. At the same roll gap and under the same sieving conditions, the flour release was lower in the process with the eight-roller mill compared to the conventional milling system. By decreasing the roll gap and increasing the upper size limit (granulation) of flour in the process with the eight-roller mill it is possible to increase flour yield and decrease milling energy consumption per unit mass of flour produced. This can be achieved without deterioration of flour quality as determined by ash content.

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6

Carcea, Marina, Valeria Turfani, Valentina Narducci, Sahara Melloni, Vincenzo Galli, and Valentina Tullio. "Stone Milling versus Roller Milling in Soft Wheat: Influence on Products Composition." Foods 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010003.

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Wholegrain wheat flours are in great demand from consumers worldwide because they are considered healthier then refined flours. They can be obtained by either stone milling, which is experiencing a revival in Europe, or roller milling. In order to study compositional differences due to the milling technology and to explore the possibility of a better qualification of wholegrain flours by means of nutritionally oriented quality parameters, eight mixes of soft wheat grains were stone milled and roller milled and the milling products were analyzed for their protein, ash, lipids, total dietary fibre, total polyphenols and alkylresorcinols content. A wholegrain flour milled with a laboratory disk mill was used as a comparison and a set of seven wholegrain flours purchased on themarket were also analyzed and compared. The particle size distribution of stone milled and recombined roller milled flour was also studied. Considering the above mentioned parameters, we found that there is no compositional difference between a stone milled or a roller milled flour if, in this latter one, the milling streams are all recombined, but the particle size distribution was different. This might have an impact on the technological quality of flours and on the bioavailability of components.

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7

PALPACELLI, VALENTINO, LUCA BECO, and MAURIZIO CIANI. "Vomitoxin and Zearalenone Content of Soft Wheat Flour Milled by Different Methods." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.2.509.

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Given the prominence and the growing importance of mycotoxins in human and animal health, and particularly of vomitoxin and zearalenone in people who use wheat and wheat products as their staple diet, we investigated two different types of wheat milling. Wheat produced according to good manufacturing practice related to mycotoxin risks (from sowing to harvesting) was used to compare the vomitoxin and zearalenone content of soft wheat flour, following the use of two different types of milling, traditional milling with a stone mill and modern milling with a roller mill. Moreover, the vomitoxin and zearalenone content was also evaluated in commercial stone-milled and roller-milled flours. Our results show that stone milling reduced vomitoxin and zearalenone content in flours, compared with the use of the roller-mill system.

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8

Carcea, Marina, Valentina Narducci, Valeria Turfani, and Enrico Finotti. "Stone Milling versus Roller Milling in Soft Wheat (Part 2): Influence on Nutritional and Technological Quality of Products." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030339.

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Wholegrain soft wheat flours can be obtained by either roller milling or stone milling. In this paper, we report on the continuation of a study aimed at analysing compositional and technological differences between differently milled wholegrain flours. Eight mixes of soft wheat grains were stone milled and roller milled and the milling products analysed for their phytic acid, lipids composition to determine the presence of trans-fatty acids and damaged starch. A wholegrain flour milled with a laboratory disk mill was also analysed as comparison, as well as seven wholegrain flours purchased on the market. For phytic acid we found that that there is no compositional difference between a stone milled or a roller milled flour if the milling streams are all recombined: the milling streams instead have different amounts of phytic acid which is mainly present in the fine bran and coarse bran. It was not possible to highlight differences in the milling technology due to the presence of trans-fatty acids in the stone milled wholegrain flour whereas it was possible to find that starch damage depended on the milling method with stone milled wholegrain flours having in all cases significantly higher values than the roller milled ones.

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9

Zhang, Yan, Quan Han, Chunlin Xun, and Gongtan Zhang. "Discrete element method investigation of the milling characteristic in a rice mill." Mechanical Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-15-2022.

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Abstract. A milling chamber consisting of a rice sieve and a rotating roller plays critical roles in modulating the milling performance of rice grains. However, the mechanism of how the geometries of the rice sieve and rotating roller affect the particle collisions and the interaction time remains not fully understood. Our experimental results show that the milling degree and rate of broken rice of the octagonal rice sieve are largest among the hexagonal sieve, octagonal sieve, and circular sieve. Through the discrete element method, we illustrate that the peak milling degree at the octagonal sieve is attributed to the competition between the decreasing force and increasing milling time with the increase in edges. In addition, the geometries of the convex ribs of the rotating roller are investigated to optimize the structure of the milling chamber. In the left-hand spiral or right-hand spiral of the convex ribs, the rice particles are accumulated in the inlet or outlet regions, respectively, which leads to an uneven milling degree in the axial direction. The uniformity of a milling process can be promoted by increasing the number of convex ribs, which will reduce the milling degree on the other hand.

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10

Campbell, G. M., C. Fang, and I. I. Muhamad. "On Predicting Roller Milling Performance VI." Food and Bioproducts Processing 85, no. 1 (March 2007): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/fbp06005.

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11

Fistes, Aleksandar, and Djuro Vukmirovic. "Reduction of wheat middlings using a conventional and eight-roller milling systems." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 40 (2009): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0940025f.

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Possibilities for the rationalization of the wheat flour milling process using the eightroller mill on the 1M and 2M passages of the reduction system have been investigated. At the same roll gaps and under the same sieving conditions, the lower flour yield has been obtained using an eight-roller mill compared to the conventional milling system (5-8 %) followed by a higher energy requirements for grinding. By decreasing the roll gap setting and increasing the upper size limit of flour in the process with the eight-roller mill it is possible to increase flour yield and therefore decrease milling energy consumption per unit mass of flour produced without deterioration of flour quality as determined by ash content. With appropriate adjustments of the processing parameters in the eight-roller milling system it is possible to achieve similar milling results to those in the conventional system, while the overall investment, energy and maintenance costs are significantly lower.

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12

Ma, Bo Feng, Bin Tan, Wen Bo Zhao, Xin Liang, Fa Mei Hu, Guo Sheng Yang, Liang Liang You, et al. "Preparing Superfine Quartz Sand Powder by Ball Milling Method." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.44.

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To save land resources by the use of low-grade natural resources to realize a high cost performance product, the technology of prepared superfine quartz sand powder via the ball milling methods were investigated. The results are shown the mean particle size of quartz sand powder is gradually become small varied with prolonging the ball milling time. Before 60 minutes, the mean particle size is slashed, however, the range of varying mean particle size is less after 60 minutes under the ball milling rotate speed for 200r/min and the charge amount for 200g/L, so the ball milling time for 60 minutes is decided.The mean grain size of quartz powders are decreased vary with an increasing the ball milling rotate speed, and the rotate speed is lower, the distribution is wider, however, the rotate speed is higher, the distribution is narrower.The mean grain size of quartz powders are 11.25μm via a roller ball milling, the mean grain size of quartz powders are 7.37μm via a planetary ball milling, and the particle size distribution of quartz powders milled via a roller ball milling is wider than that of quartz powders milled via a planetary ball milling, which shows the of quartz powders milled via a roller ball milling is not more uniform than that of quartz powders milled via a planetary ball milling, the asymmetry powder is advantage for forming the high performance building materials body.

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13

Izydorczyk, M. S., J. E. Dexter, R. G. Desjardins, B. G. Rossnagel, S. L. Lagasse, and D. W. Hatcher. "Roller Milling of Canadian Hull-less Barley: Optimization of Roller Milling Conditions and Composition of Mill Streams." Cereal Chemistry Journal 80, no. 6 (November 2003): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cchem.2003.80.6.637.

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14

Mathukia, P., V. Sangani, and R. Mathukia. "Optimization of Roller S peed and Feed Rate of Mini Dhal Mill for Hulling Efficiency of Pigeonpea." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 2, no. 3 (December 4, 2014): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.2.3.11.

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Pigeonpea is mostly consumed in the form of splits, and it provides a good source of proteins. An abrasive carborundum roller cylindrical mill was generally used in small scale to dehusk and splits pulse grains to make dhal. The independent milling parameters of laboratory scale dhal mill were roller speed and feed rate. The oil treatments to the pigeonpea grains were given after pitting. The milling parameters were (i) roller speed (1000, 1200 and 1400 rpm) (ii) feed rate (50, 60, 70 and 80 kg/h). Two factor completely randomized design was used to optimize the hulling efficiency. Roller speed and feed rate showed significantly effect on the hulling efficiency. The maximum hulling efficiency of 73.53% was found with 1400 rpm roller speed and 60 kg/h feed rate. Dhal recovery was 63.18%.

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15

Wang, Min, Ke Ping Zhang, and Feng Wei Zhang. "Simulation on the Temperature Field of Milling Roller Using Fluent Software." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.846.

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In order to study the law between the internal coolant flow rate and the temperature of milling roller, the temperature field of water-cooled roller was simulated with Fluent software. The results showed that with the increase of the coolant flow rate, the temperature on roller surface decreased, but after the flow rate of coolant increased to 3.5 kg/s, the temperature of roller maintained invariant almost, so 3.5 kg/s was the best flow rate.

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16

X. Zhang and G. H. Brusewitz. "Moisture Effect on Roller Milling Mustard Seed." Transactions of the ASAE 37, no. 2 (1994): 491–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28102.

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17

Coulson, Caitlin A., Braden Troyer, Levi J. McPhillips, Mitch Norman, and Galen E. Erickson. "254 Evaluation of Different Corn Milling Methods for High-moisture and Dry Corn on Finishing Cattle Performance and Carcass Characteristics." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.206.

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Abstract Steers (n=600; Initial BW = 402 ± 17 kg) were fed for134 day to evaluate the effect of milling method and corn type on performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments were evaluated as a 2 × 3 factorial with factors being milling method (Automatic Ag® roller mill or hammer mill) and corn type (100% high-moisture, 100% dry, or 50:50 blend of high-moisture and dry corn). High-moisture corn was processed at harvested based on respective treatment and ensiled until trial initiation. Both dry corn and HMC were processed using a 16-mm screen in the hammer mill and the roller mill was adjusted to ensure all kernels were broken. There were no interactions between milling method and corn type for final BW, daily gain (ADG), or dry matter intake (DMI; P ≥ 0.32), but there was a tendency for an interaction for G:F (P = 0.09). Cattle fed 100% high-moisture corn processed with the Automatic Ag roller mill were 4.7% more efficient (P ≤ 0.01) with 55% lower fecal starch (P < 0.01) compared to high-moisture corn processed with the hammer mill. Cattle fed dry corn tended (P = 0.07) to have a greater live final BW regardless of milling type and had the greatest DMI (P ≤ 0.01) Intake decreased as high-moisture corn was increased in the diet. Due to no differences in ADG with lower DMI led to a 6% improvement (P ≤ 0.01) in G:F for steers fed HMC. There were no further effects (P ≥ 0.14) on performance or carcass traits regardless of milling method or corn type. Processing high-moisture corn using Automatic Ag roller mill improved feed efficiency compared to processing with a hammer mill when corn was included at 70% of the diet, but processing method had little effect when fed as dry corn or blended diets.

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18

Sakhare, Suresh D., Aasithosh A. Inamdar, K. V. Preetham Kumar, and Usha Dharmaraj. "Evaluation of roller milling potential of amaranth grains." Journal of Cereal Science 73 (January 2017): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2016.11.006.

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19

Mehta, Jitendra. "A Comparative Study on the Effect of the Traditional and Industrial Milling on the Nutritional Composition of Sorghum, Pearl Millet and Wheat Flour." Emerging Trends in Nutraceuticals 1, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2583-4606.109.

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Pearl millet, sorghum, wheat is a staple food in India. It is milled into flour by traditional and industrial dry milling processes. This research was conducted to help determine how to improve the nutritional value and acceptability of pearl millet. The traditional milling step has lowers the pH of kernels. The effects of the traditional and industrial “dry milling” processes on the physical and nutritional composition of grain were compared. Regarding comparing the milling processes, was conditioned and decorticated traditionally with a millstone and industrially with an roller mille. The traditional decorticated grain was steeped and sun dried for 24 h before milling, whereas the industrially decorticated grain was roller milled. Proximate analyses were conducted on the samples. The traditionally milled flour was lighter in colour than industrial milled flour. However, it was significantly lower in protein, ash and nutrient contents in comparison to industrial milled flour. This was due to the removal of more pericarp and germ in the traditional process. The industrial dry milling process, therefore, produces flour with a higher nutrient content in terms of protein, fat and minerals. However, the traditional milling process makes the colour of the pearl millet flour lighter, which is probably the reason that it is more acceptable to consumers.

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20

Zastempowski, Marcin, Andrzej Bochat, and Lubomír Hujo. "Selected Aspects of Modelling and Design Calculations of Roller Mills." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052595.

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An analysis of construction was conducted in this study, and the guidelines for designing roller mills used commonly in the agri-food, chemical, power and construction industries were presented. Quick designing of the machines required existence of adequate mathematical models. Within the framework of the study’s realization, a mathematical model was developed and we presented the selected results of calculations of the milling rollers loading from the assembly’s mill bowl. The simulation calculations conducted with the mathematical model unambiguously show that the roller’s rotation around a fixed point considerably influences the total loading of the mill’s bowl, and passing over that phenomenon is a mistake.

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21

Kharchenko, Yevgen, Andrii Sharan, and Olena Yeremeeva. "Effect of flattening wheat grain on grinding modes in roller mill." Ukrainian Journal of Food Science 9, no. 2 (December 2021): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24263/2310-1008-2021-9-2-9.

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Introduction. The flattening process is used to intensify the grinding of grain during varietal milling of wheat, while the optimal gap between the rolls of the ivy system remains uncertain. Materials and methods. Flattening was carried out in a laboratory ivy machine with a roller diameter of 144.0 mm; 68.4 mm and a rotation speed of 14.6 s-1. Grinding of wheat grain was carried out in a roller mill. The length of the rollers is 70 mm; the number of rifts per 1 cm circle of rollers is 6, the slope of the rifts is 12%, the ratio of circular speeds is 1:2, the speed of rotation of the high-speed roller is 3.93 m/s, the diameter of the rollers is 150 mm, the interdependence of the rifts is the back on the back, the angles of exacerbation of the rifts are 35°/70°. The mode of grinding wheat grain in the ivy machine and in the roller mill was determined by sifting the products obtained through a sieve with holes of 1.0 mm. Granulometric analysis of crushed products was determined by sifting on a standard set of sieves with module Δ≈1.21. Result and discussion. When grinding ivy products in a roller mill, the total yield of intermediate products is nonlinear in nature and can be approximated by the equation of the second degree. The optimal distance between the rollers of the ivy machine is 1.4 mm, provided that small products after flattening were previously isolated from the mixture of the flattened product. The total product of intermediate products after flattening and grinding in the roller mill has a complex nonlinear nature, which did not allow to establish the optimal value of the gap value between the rollers of the ivy system. The total product of intermediate products obtained in total during flattening and grinding is 2.9 % greater than the total product product yield obtained only in the roller mill with small ivy products previously removed. Differential curves are polymodal and have 5 maximums. Integral curves have an S-shaped appearance. When grinding whole grain, the total yield of intermediate products is greater than when grinding flattened grain in a roller mill under the same conditions. When crushing flattened grain, a greater number of large fractions of products are formed due to small ones. Conclusion. In the range of the established optimal clearance between the rolls of the flattening machine, there are no significant differences between the two methods of grinding wheat.

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Pagani, Maria Ambrogina, Debora Giordano, Gaetano Cardone, Antonella Pasqualone, Maria Cristina Casiraghi, Daniela Erba, Massimo Blandino, and Alessandra Marti. "Nutritional Features and Bread-Making Performance of Wholewheat: Does the Milling System Matter?" Foods 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081035.

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Despite the interest in stone-milling, there is no information on the potential advantages of using the resultant wholegrain flour (WF) in bread-making. Consequently, nutritional and technological properties of WFs obtained by both stone- (SWF) and roller-milling (RWF) were assessed on four wheat samples, differing in grain hardness and pigment richness. Regardless of the type of wheat, stone-milling led to WFs with a high number of particles ranging in size from 315 to 710 μm), whereas RWFs showed a bimodal distribution with large (>1000 μm) and fine (<250 μm) particles. On average, the milling system did not affect the proximate composition and the bioactive features of WFs. The gluten aggregation kinetics resulted in similar trends for all SWFs, with indices higher than for RWFs. The effect of milling on dough properties (i.e., mixing and leavening) was sample dependent. Overall, SWFs produced more gas, resulting in bread with higher specific volume. Bread crumb from SWF had higher lutein content in the wheat cv rich in xanthophylls, while bread from RWF of the blue-grained cv had a moderate but significantly higher content in esterified phenolic acids and total anthocyanins. In conclusion, there was no relevant advantage in using stone- as opposed to roller-milling (and vice versa).

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Puhova, Olga, and Vladimir Lebedev. "Modernization of Mining Scheme in Developing Peat Deposit." E3S Web of Conferences 278 (2021): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127801026.

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The article presents the results of the study of a peat deposit development scheme with improved spread parameters. The parameters are improved by forming the spread as moulded particles of a certain shape and size determined by the size of moulding machine grooves and the degree of peat relaxation. To obtain such particles a milling cutter is proposed to be replaced by a moulding mill at the stage of peat deposit milling. When excavated, the peat mass is loosened and fed into a roller moulding machine where the rollers, rotating in opposite directions, capture it and the peat is compressed. The loose structure changes into dense particle-particle packing. The circumferential speeds of roller rotations are equal. A trapezoidal groove profile is chosen for the moulded particles to leave it. The groove depth is 10 mm. The uniformity of the moulded enlarged particle distribution over a drying field is characterized by a spread variation coefficient, which allows the spread quality to be evaluated. The enlarged particle spread is normalized by some cumulative actions characterizing the spread by parameters (the thickness, the average particle size, the size uniformity, the number of layers). Therefore, the drying of enlarged particles is intensified and peat yield per unit area is increased.

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24

AL-SANDOOQ, J. M., B. F. YOUSIF, and T. A. JENSEN. "TRIBOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION IN ROLLER MILL MACHINES FOR AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS." Surface Review and Letters 19, no. 06 (November 27, 2012): 1250065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x12500655.

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Roller mill is an important part of machines for preparation of agricultural food stuffs. Tribological loading is the main type of load that should be considered when investigating the design failure of roller mills or of the low quality of grinding products. In the current work a comprehensive analysis of the roller design to withstand tribological was undertaken. Three-body abrasive loading (3BA) was found to be the key element to be considered in designing the roller. High stress three-body abrasion experiments were conducted on polyester and epoxy polymers to measure the wear and frictional characteristics of the selected material, different loads, durations and sand grain sizes were tested. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used to categorize the damage on the worn surface of the materials and the causes of failure. The current results are compared with the performance of mild steel results based on the literature. The results revealed that polyester had relatively poor wear performance compared to epoxy and steel especially when large sand grains were used. The wear mechanisms on the polyester surface were macro-pitting, fracture, ploughing and defragmentation; while epoxy showed micro-pitting and defragmentation. Epoxy material performance indicates that it has potential for replacing metal rollers in the milling machine.

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25

Coulson, Caitlin A., Nicole Woita, Tyler Spore, Hannah Wilson, Kylie Butterfield, and Galen E. Erickson. "255 Evaluation of Different Corn Milling Methods for High-moisture and Dry Corn on Nutrient Digestion." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.207.

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Abstract A 2 × 2 factorial digestion study using seven ruminally cannulated steers evaluated the effect of feeding diets containing 70% (dry matter-basis) high-moisture (HMC) or dry corn (DC), processed with either a hammer mill or Automatic Ag Roller Mill (Pender, NE), on nutrient digestion. Feeding HMC decreased the amount of excreted dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM; P ≤ 0.01) regardless of mill type, but there was a tendency (P ≤ 0.13) for an interaction between corn type and mill type for DM and OM digestibility. There was no difference between either milling treatments fed as HMC (P ≥ 0.69), but the hammer mill DC diet was more digestible than the roller mill DC (P = 0.05). There was no effect on NDF digestibility, but there was a tendency for an interaction between grain type and processing method for ADF digestibility, with the roller mill DC diet having the lowest (P = 0.02) ADF digestibility and no differences (P ≥ 0.15) among the other treatments. As expected, HMC based diets had greater (P < 0.01) starch digestibility compared to DC, but milling method had no effect (P = 0.56). High moisture corn diets had greater (P = 0.01) DE intake (Mcal/kg), and hammer mill DC tended to be greater (P = 0.07) than roller mill DC. There tended (P = 0.07) to be an interaction for minimum pH, with roller mill HMC and hammer mill DC having the lowest average pH, but not different from hammer mill HMC (P ≥ 0.32). There were no differences (P = 0.56) in average pH, but HMC diets had greater variance (P = 0.04) and greater area under pH 5.6 (P = 0.05) compared to DC based diets. Feeding cattle HMC compared to DC increases nutrient digestibility but milling process had little impact.

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26

Zhao, Yumeng, and R. P. Kingsly Ambrose. "A Laboratory-Scale Tempering and Milling Method for Grain Sorghum." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 2 (2018): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12343.

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Abstract. The current commercial milling process for pigmented sorghum leads to inconsistent milling quality and performance. Proper pretreatment of sorghum may improve the milling performance. The effects of cold water, hot water, and steam tempering of sorghum on the milling performance and flour quality were investigated in this study. A tabletop roller mill system that had five break rolls and two smooth rolls was used. The millstream output at different stages of roller milling was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the conditioning treatments. Steamed sorghum had high bran yield due to toughening of the bran, which allowed gradual scraping of the endosperm from the bran. Flour yield was not significantly different among the pretreatments. Flour crude fiber content of the 1 min steam treated sorghum was 1.28% ±0.09%, which was significantly higher than that of cold water treated sorghum (0.87% ±0.19%). The damaged starch content in the milled flour was highest in the cold water treated (5.96% ±0.24%) sorghum, and steam treatment resulted in lower damaged starch content (3.63% to 4.18%). Steam treatment resulted in flour with more convex and circular particles compared to the other treatments, indicating better separation of starch granules from the endosperm. Steam treatment of sorghum kernels at high temperature and pressure led to better separation of bran and endosperm without negatively impacting flour quality. Steam tempering could be a better pretreatment process for milling sorghum for food purposes. Keywords: Flour properties, Milling, Sorghum, Tempering.

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Skorykh, V. A., M. A. Balabudkin, A. I. Aristarkhov, B. V. Andreev, and L. A. Klimov. "Milling titanium-containing ceramic material in a roller mill." Glass and Ceramics 43, no. 6 (June 1986): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00699283.

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28

Norbu, Kinga. "Analysis of Head Rice Recovery using Different Types of Rice Mills for Two Rice Varieties Grown in Two Extreme Rice Growing Altitudes." Bhutanese Journal of Agriculture 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55925/btagr.22.5112.

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There have been issues of increased broken rice when farmers finally sell their rice crop, especially in the higher altitudes, and this has always been attributed to the quality of milling machines used. In this study, the head rice recovery of two rice varieties grown in high and low altitudes in Bhutan was assessed in both pre-and post-milling through manually peeling and milling in four different types of rice milling machines, respectively. The head rice recoveries on manual peeling of high and low altitude rice varieties were 54.00±0.41% and 83.68± 0.45%, respectively, and were significantly different at P<0.05. Grain crack percentages were 29.44±0.45% and 5.37±0.45%, respectively, indicating that the climatic conditions had some influence on crack development and head recovery of rice. For machine milling, the rice head recoveries were statistically significant both between varieties and among the milling machines used. The head yield was higher in low attitude variety compared to that of the high altitude one. The friction type machine with 3.32 m/s peripheral velocity gave lower head yield compared to friction type of 1.2 m/s and rubber roller type I and II milling machines. This study recommends improving the drying method presently practised in high altitudes by not laying the paddy on the ground after harvest to avoid exposure of harvested paddy to extreme day and night temperature fluctuation. The use of lower peripheral speed rice milling machines and rubber rollers is recommended to increase head yield.

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29

Senibabnov, S. A., K. A. Andrianov, and A. F. Zubkov. "METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVICE OF ROAD STRUCTURES USING ASPHALT GRANULATE." Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture, no. 2(46) (October 30, 2020): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.2.46.004.

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Statement of the problem. The currently used waste (asphalt granulate) for milling non-rigid pavements differs in its characteristics from hot and cold asphalt concrete mixtures as well as crushed stone. The used fleet of machines for compacting the material layer is characterized by a wide range of roller weights and roller parameters, which affects the compaction effect. Ensuring the quality of compaction depends on the compliance of the technological modes of the mechanized link of machines with the properties of the materials used. It is necessary to develop a technology for the device of layers using asphalt granulate and taking into account its properties, thickness, as well as the parameters of compaction machines. Results. The method of development of technology for the device of road structures in the reconstruction and repairs of highways with the use of asphalt granulate is considered. Based on experimental studies the dependence between the load and the deformation of the layer of material, deformation and compaction factor and the values of the angles of contact of the roller with the surface layer of the compacted material is identified with regard to its granulometric composition and thickness of the stacked layer. The simulation results are presented of the interaction of the roller rink with the sealing material obtained analytical dependence for the calculation of stresses in the contact zone of the roller with the material allowing one to set the parameters of the rollers depending on the properties of asphalt granulate.Conclusions. An analytical dependence is obtained for calculating the stresses in the contact zone of the roller with the asphalt granulate layer, which allows one to assign the parameters of the rollers depending on the properties of the material being laid. The suggested method for developing the technology of layer arrangement using asphalt granulate enables the required quality of compaction taking into account the properties of the material, the thickness of the layer to be laid and the parameters of compacted machines.

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30

Yoganandan, Mohana, Rania Marie Buenavista, Scott R. Bean, Fadi M. Aramouni, Hulya Dogan, and Kaliramesh Siliveru. "Influence of Tempering Methods on Waxy White Sorghum Kernel, Milling, and Flour Properties." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 6 (2022): 1303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15221.

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HighlightsTempering moisture content and condition had a significant impact on waxy white sorghum kernel and flour properties.Physical sorghum kernel properties after tempering varies with efficiency of moisture penetration into kernels.Steam tempering for 15 s led to better physical kernel properties for handling, transportation, and processing.Room temperature water tempering (18%, 24 h) yielded better flour yield and protein content.Abstract. To optimize the yield and quality of waxy white sorghum flour, the effects of various tempering treatments on sorghum kernel physical properties, milling performance, and flour properties were evaluated. Waxy white sorghum kernels were tempered at different moisture levels and for different times using either room temperature water, hot water, or steam. Tempered sorghum kernels were milled into flour using a milling flowsheet developed for a laboratory-scale tabletop roller mill that consists of four break rolls and eight reduction rolls. The effects of these tempering methods on waxy white sorghum kernel properties, roller milling, and flour properties were investigated. Tempering moisture content and condition had a significant impact on the waxy white sorghum kernel’s physical and flour properties. Steam tempering for 15s led to desirable physical kernel properties that would positively impact handling, transportation, and processing: lower bulk (732.53 kg/m3), tapped (769.39 kg/m3), and true densities (1313.37 kg/m3); lower hardness index (65.01); higher abrasive hardness index (AHI) (23.73); higher angle of repose (23.60); and higher coefficients of static (0.35) and rolling friction (0.29). In terms of milling, room temperature water tempering at 18% w.b. moisture level for 24 h resulted in better bran-endosperm separation without compensating for important flour quality characteristics. It exhibited higher protein content (9.72%), low ash content (0.94%), high bran extraction (6.42%), and high brightness (80.67). Room temperature water tempering at 18% w.b. for 24 h is a more suitable pretreatment prior to the milling of waxy white sorghum kernels in terms of flour yield and quality. Keywords: Flour properties, Kernel properties, Roller milling, Tempering, Waxy white sorghum.

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Prabhakaran, P., R. Ranganathan, V. Muthu Kumar, R. Rajasekar, L. Devakumar, and S. K. Pal. "Review on Parameters Influencing the Rice Breakage and Rubber Roll Wear in Sheller." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 1875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0284.

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AbstractThe present review deals with parameters influencing the rice breakage during rice milling operations and the effect of rubber roll Sheller in rice husk removal process. The main objective of rice milling system is to remove the husk and bran layer to produce the white rice. In this process, rubber roll sheller is used to remove husk from the grains by friction process. If the rubber material is too soft, there may not be sufficient shear force to husk the paddy. Wear will be minimum for rubber material with high hardness but indeed it pronounce the breakage of rice. Hence, for efficient husking the rubber roll material should possess the balance of physico-mechanical properties. Rice breakage depends on several other parameters like the type of harvest, drying temperature, drying methods, physical characteristics of paddy, husking characteristics, paddy moisture content, rubber roller speed, rubber roll pressure, paddy feed rate and fissures. Rubber roll wear depends on the type of rubber material attached to the roller, feed rate, roller speed, pressure etc.

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32

Rais, Wahmin, Afrizul Evendi, Adriansyah Adriansyah, and Darman Dapersal Dinar. "Optimalisasi Sistem Perawatan dan Perbaikan Mesin Vertical Mill di PT. Semen Padang." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 13, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jtm.13.1.366.

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Vertical Mill is one of the main equipment in the Indarung IV factory PT. Semen Padang. This Vertical Mill is used to grind / crush the main ingredients of making cement such as Limestone, Silica stone, Clay, and Iron sand. Milling of this material is done with the help of a tool called a Roller Tire and grinding table. So that the Tire Tire and grinding table always work as expected, the Roller Tire and grinding table must be maintained and repaired continuously and planned. Major damage that is often encountered is the occurrence of wear and tear on the Tire Roller and the grinding roller. Countermeasures by adding meat to the Tire Roller and grinding table using welding. With the maintenance and repairs are well scheduled, then we can avoid the causes of a damage from the beginning.

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33

Guo, Pei Quan, Chuan Zhen Huang, W. Wang, and N. Fan. "Inequi-Diameter Milling of Gear Indexing Cam and Computer Aided NC Programming." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.657.

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According to the analysis of engagement between indexing roller and cam contour as gear indexing cam mechanism operating and milling process as contour being machined, three kinds of surfaces, cam’s contour, the surface swept by roller’s axis during engagement and the surface swept by cutter’s axis in milling process, are equidistant surfaces. Based on isometric theory, the approaches to determine tool path and to calculate NC program coordinates for inequi-diameter milling have been developed. The architecture of computer aided programming software for inequi-diameter milling was illustrated. Practical example of inequi-diameter milling NC codes was presented. In inequi-milling process, NC program can be updated to adapt the change of cutter diameter in time. So, cutter’s life can be prolonged, the cost of cutter can be cut down.

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34

van der Merwe, M., G. Osthoff, and A. J. Pretorius. "Determining milling performance of sorghum cultivars by means of abrasive decortication and roller milling techniques." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 22, no. 4 (January 2005): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2005.10634712.

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35

Brütsch, L., I. Huggler, S. Kuster, and E. J. Windhab. "Industrial Roller Milling Process Characterisation for Targeted Bread Quality Optimization." Food and Bioprocess Technology 10, no. 4 (January 5, 2017): 710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1856-1.

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36

Bayram, Mustafa, and Mehmet D. Öner. "Bulgur milling using roller, double disc and vertical disc mills." Journal of Food Engineering 79, no. 1 (March 2007): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.042.

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37

Wang, Yanmin, Eric Forssberg, and Peng Lin. "Hybrid Comminution with High-Pressure Roller and Stirred Bead Milling." Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 22, no. 5 (December 2005): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200500975.

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38

Pireddu, Rosa, Michele Schlich, Salvatore Marceddu, Donatella Valenti, Elena Pini, Anna Maria Fadda, Francesco Lai, and Chiara Sinico. "Nanosuspensions and Microneedles Roller as a Combined Approach to Enhance Diclofenac Topical Bioavailability." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121140.

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Topical application of the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) reduces the severity of systemic unwanted effects compared to its oral administration. A number of transdermal formulations are available on the market and routinely used in clinical and home-care settings. However, the amount of DCF delivered across the skin remains limited and often insufficient, thus making the oral route still necessary for achieving sufficient drug concentration at the inflamed site. In attempting to improve the transdermal penetration, we explored the combined use of DCF nanosuspensions with a microneedle roller. Firstly, DCF nanosuspensions were prepared by a top-down media milling method and characterized by spectroscopic, thermal and electron microscopy analyses. Secondly, the pore-forming action of microneedle rollers on skin specimens (ex vivo) was described by imaging at different scales. Finally, DCF nanosuspensions were applied on newborn pig skin (in vitro) in combination with microneedles roller treatment, assessing the DCF penetration and distribution in the different skin layers. The relative contribution of microneedle length, nanosuspension stabilizer and application sequence could be identified by systemically varying these parameters.

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39

Choct, M., E. A. D. Selby, D. J. Cadogan, and R. G. Campbell. "Effects of particle size, processing, and dry or liquid feeding on performance of piglets." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 2 (2004): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03105.

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Currently, most feed grains are processed by either hammer mill or roller mill before the inclusion in pig diets. However, the effect of these two types of milling and particle size on the performance and feed utilisation has not been adequately examined. The effect of milling processing (hammer mill v. roller mill), particle size, and feeding method (liquid v. dry) was assessed in a factorial design with 120 weaner pigs over 21 days. These pigs had been weaned for 7 days when the experiment commenced. The results revealed that pigs fed on hammer-milled diets had a better performance than those on roller-milled diets. Particle size of hammer-milled diets did not affect the performance of pigs, but influenced the digestible energy content of the diets. However, the feed conversion ratio was poorer for pigs fed coarsely or medium roller-milled diets only at Day 7–14 after weaning. There was a marked advantage in terms of feed efficiency associated with liquid feeding. For pigs offered the hammer-milled diets between 0 and 14 days, simply adding the feed to water improved feed efficiency by some 22%. For the roller-milled diets the corresponding improvement in feed efficiency was 28%. Liquid feeding improved digestible energy (DE) value by 1.5 MJ/kg for medium particle size and depressed DE value by 0.8 MJ/kg for fine particle size for hammer mill. Liquid feeding improved DE values for both medium and fine particle treatments by 0.9 MJ/kg for roller-milled diets. It should be noted that the full advantages of liquid feeding could only be taken if feed wastage from this system can be minimised as much as possible.The study was conducted to investigate if processing method (roller v. hammer mill), particle size (coarse, medium, and fine), and feeding method (liquid v. dry) significantly improved the growth rate, feed intake, and feed conversion of the weaner pig.

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40

Périgo, E. A., E. P. Soares, Hidetoshi Takiishi, C. C. Motta, and Rubens Nunes de Faria Jr. "A Comparative Study between Low and High-Energy Milling Processes for the Production of HD PrFeCoBNb Sintered Magnets." Materials Science Forum 591-593 (August 2008): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.114.

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Roller-ball milling (RBM) or planetary ball milling (PBM) have been used together with the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process to produce sintered permanent magnets based on a mixture of Pr16Fe76B8 and Pr14.00Fe63.90Co16.00B6.00Nb0.10 magnetic alloys. Five distinct compositions have been studied comparing low- and high-energy milling. Magnets with a particular composition and prepared using these two routes exhibited similar magnetic properties. Modifications have been carried out in the procedure of the HD stage for PBM in order to guarantee a high degree of crystallographic alignment. Pr15.00Fe69.95Co8.00B7.00Nb0.05 magnets showed the best maximum energy product for both processing routes (~ 247 kJm-3). A significant reduction in the milling time (93%) has been achieved with high-energy processing, the greatest advantage over the low-energy route.

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41

Abu Fara, Deeb, Linda Al-Hmoud, Iyad Rashid, Babur Z. Chowdhry, and Adnan Badwan. "Understanding the Performance of a Novel Direct Compression Excipient Comprising Roller Compacted Chitin." Marine Drugs 18, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18020115.

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Chitin has been investigated in the context of finding new excipients suitable for direct compression, when subjected to roller compaction. Ball milling was concurrently carried out to compare effects from different energy or stress-inducing techniques. Samples of chitin powders (raw, processed, dried and humidified) were compared for variations in morphology, X-ray diffraction patterns, densities, FT-IR, flowability, compressibility and compactibility. Results confirmed the suitability of roller compaction to convert the fluffy powder of raw chitin to a bulky material with improved flow. X-ray powder diffraction studies showed that, in contrast to the high decrease in crystallinity upon ball milling, roller compaction manifested a slight deformation in the crystal lattice. Moreover, the new excipient showed high resistance to compression, due to the high compactibility of the granules formed. This was correlated to the significant extent of plastic deformation compared to the raw and ball milled forms of chitin. On the other hand, drying and humidification of raw and processed materials presented no added value to the compressibility and compactibility of the directly compressed excipient. Finally, compacted chitin showed direct compression similarity with microcrystalline cellulose when formulated with metronidazole (200 mg) without affecting the immediate drug release action of the drug.

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42

Rumler, Rubina, Denisse Bender, Sofia Speranza, Johannes Frauenlob, Lydia Gamper, Joost Hoek, Henry Jäger, and Regine Schönlechner. "Chemical and Physical Characterization of Sorghum Milling Fractions and Sorghum Whole Meal Flours Obtained via Stone or Roller Milling." Foods 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040870.

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Due to climate change sorghum might gain widespread in the Western countries, as the grain is adapted to hot climate. Additionally sorghum contains a notable amount of health-promoting nutrients. However, Western countries do not have a long history of sorghum consumption, and thus little experience in processing it. Milling systems in these areas were mostly developed for wheat or rye milling. In the present work, the effectiveness of sorghum milling when using a stone and a roller milling system (pilot scale) was investigated as well as its impact on the chemical and physical properties of the obtained flour fractions and whole-grain flours. Results showed that both milling systems could be successfully adapted to producing chemically and physically distinct flour and bran fractions from the small sorghum kernels. Fractions with increased bran material that contained higher amounts of ash, protein, fat, total dietary fiber, and total phenolic content but less starch, showed enhanced water absorption indices and water solubility indices. Interestingly, no significant difference was found in the ash and fat content of the different fractions obtained from stone milling. Overall, the study provided information on the production and composition of distinct flour fractions, which offer a wider range of future food applications.

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43

Sang, Lu Ping. "Turning-Milling Machining Center of Each Axis Movement Principle and the Headstock Structure Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.878.

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Turning milling machining center are analyzed the structure and working principle of headstock of numerical control machine tool headstock consists of motor, drive system and components of the head of a bed, is mainly used to achieve the main movement of the machine tool. Spindle structure adopts precision double row cylindrical roller bearing and two-way thrust angular contact ball bearing group and type. The machine is the best combination of lathe and milling machine. Configuration French NUM1060 system, realize five axis control, a loading card can complete a variety of difficult machining of complex.

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44

MEGURI, Nobuyasu, Kazunori SHOJI, Kazunori SATO, and Yoshinori TAOKA. "Characteristics of primary and secondary classifications of a roller milling system." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 27, no. 4 (1990): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.27.236.

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45

Sundberg, B., and P. Åman. "Fractionation of Different Types of Barley by Roller Milling and Sieving." Journal of Cereal Science 19, no. 2 (March 1994): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.1994.1024.

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46

Luo, Q., J. Xie, and W. Lu. "Investigation of the wear failure mechanism of a flour milling roller." Wear 161, no. 1-2 (April 1993): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(93)90447-t.

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47

Сенибабнов, С. А., К. А. Андрианов, and А. Ф. Зубков. "Method of Development of Technology for the Device of Road Structures Using Asphalt Granulate." НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, no. 2(58) (September 17, 2020): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.58.2.007.

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Постановка задачи. Используемые в настоящее время отходы (асфальтогранулят) при фрезеровании покрытий нежесткого типа отличаются по своим характеристикам от горячих и холодных асфальтобетонных смесей, а также щебня. Применяемый парк машин для уплотнения слоя материала характеризуется широким диапазоном массы катков и параметрами вальцов, что влияет на эффект уплотнения. Обеспечение качества уплотнения зависит от соответствия технологических режимов механизированного звена машин свойствам применяемых материалов. Необходима разработка технологии устройства слоев с применением асфальтогранулята с учетом его свойств, толщины, а также параметров уплотняющих машин. Результаты. Рассмотрена методика разработки технологии устройства дорожных конструкций при реконструкции и ремонте автомобильных дорог с применением асфальтогранулята. На основе экспериментальных исследований установлены зависимости между нагрузкой и деформацией слоя материала, деформацией и коэффициентом уплотнения, а также значения углов контакта вальца с поверхностью слоя уплотняемого материалом с учетом его гранулометрического состава и толщины укладываемого слоя. Выводы. Получена аналитическая зависимость для расчета напряжений в зоне контакта вальца со слоем асфальтогранулята, позволяющая назначать параметры катков в зависимости от свойств укладываемого материала. Предложенная методика разработки технологии устройства слоев с применением асфальтогранулята позволяет обеспечить требуемое качество уплотнения с учетом свойств материала, толщины укладываемого слоя и параметров уплотняющих машин. Statement of the problem. Currently used waste (asphalt granulate) when milling non-rigid pavements differs in its characteristics from hot and cold asphalt concrete mixtures, as well as crushed stone. The used fleet of machines for compacting a material layer is characterized by a wide range of roller weights and roller parameters, which affects the compaction effect. Ensuring the quality of compaction depends on the compliance of the technological modes of the mechanized link of machines with the properties of the materials used. It is necessary to develop a technology for the device of layers using asphalt granulate, taking into account its properties, thickness, as well as the parameters of compaction machines. Currently used waste (asphalt granulate) when milling non-rigid pavements differs in their characteristics from hot and cold asphalt mixes, as well as crushed stone. The used fleet of machines for compacting the material layer is characterized by a wide range of roller weights and roller parameters, which affects the compaction effect. Ensuring the quality of the seal depends on the compliance of the technological modes of the mechanized link of the machines with the properties of the materials used. It is necessary to develop a technology for the device of layers using asphalt granulate, taking into account its properties, thickness, as well as the parameters of compacted machines. Results. The method of development of technology for the device of road structures in the reconstruction and repair of highways with the use of asphalt granulate is considered. On the basis of experimental studies the dependence between the load and the deformation of the layer of material, deformation and compaction factor, and the values of the angles of contact of the roller with the surface layer of the compacted material with regard to its granulometric composition and thickness of the stacked layer. The simulation results of the interaction of the roller rink with the sealing material obtained analytical dependence for the calculation of stresses in the contact zone of the roller with the material, allowing to set the parameters of the rollers depending on the properties of asphalt granulate. Conclusions. An analytical dependence is obtained for calculating the stresses in the contact zone of the roller with the asphalt granulate layer, which allows one to assign the parameters of the rollers depending on the properties of the material being laid. The proposed method for developing the technology of layer arrangement using asphalt granulate allows to ensure the required quality of compaction, taking into account the properties of the material, the thickness of the layer to be laid and the parameters of compacted machines.

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Sakhare, Suresh D., Aashitosh A. Inamdar, Shwetha B. Gaikwad, Indrani D., and Vekateswara Rao G. "Roller milling fractionation of green gram (Vigna radiata): optimization of milling conditions and chemical characterization of millstreams." Journal of Food Science and Technology 51, no. 12 (January 10, 2013): 3854–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0903-9.

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49

Wu, Feng He, Shu Zhi Li, Chong Min Jiang, and Dong Dong Gao. "Design of the B-Axis of the Water Chamber Special Turn-Milling Center." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.294.

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As the key part of nuclear pressure vessels, the water chamber head has the features of large size, complex shape and difficult processability. The processes of conventional machining method are too decentralized, the cumulative error is large, and the processing cycle is long. In order to meet the efficiency and high-precision machining requirements of the nuclear power water chamber head, a design scheme of special turn-milling machining center and B-axis components is proposed. The part characteristics and machining difficulties of the water chamber head are analyzed in the paper. The machining areas and processes are subdivided, the numerical control technological process is presented. In order to complete the finish machining of the water chamber's inner and outer surfaces and its inclined holes and sloping faces, the movable gantry milling machining center with pendulant ram is designed. According to the head processing requirements, three design schemes of B-axis components assembly, single row cylindrical roller bearing type, double row tapered roller bearing type and the central axis unloading type, are proposed. Through the theory analysis and statics and modal comparative analysis, the central axis unloading type is adopted as the optimal proposal in B-axis component design. Simulation and experimental results show that the turn-milling machining center based on the unloading B-axis assembly can satisfy the precision requirement of the water chamber head.

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Shafinas, Muhammad Noor Intan, Darfour Bernard, Mahmud Nazira, and Kurt A. Rosentrater. "Effect of Grain Moisture Content and Roller Mill Gap Size on Various Physical Properties of Yellow Dent Corn Flour." Journal of Food Research 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v11n2p16.

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Corn has six main varieties grown globally for animal feed, human consumption, and commercial/industrial purposes. Flour is an end-product of corn dry-milling. Products that are derived from corn flour often show differences in physical, chemical, and pasting properties due to corn varietal differences, milling methods, differences in flour particle sizes, and drying temperatures. The study aimed to determine the effect of different moisture contents of yellow dent corn and roller gap sizes, on the physical properties of the resulting corn flour. The possibility to use the flour in the manufacturing of animal feed and ethanol production was also considered. Yellow dent corn grain with moisture contents (MC) of 8%, 14.0%, and 18%, and roller gap sizes (GAP) of 0.1016 mm, 0.2032 mm, and 0.3048 mm were used. The Witt corrugated roller mill equipment with rollers of 1/32 inches corrugations was used to produce fine grits and flours. The particle sizes obtained were between 0.54 mm and 0.75 mm which increased with an increase in MC and GAP. Grain with 8% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm and 0.2032 mm, and grain with 14.0% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm can produce flour of particle sizes good for swine feed. Grain with 8% MC and GAP of 0.3048 mm and grain with 14.0.0% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm and 0.2032 mm can produce flour of particle sizes good for ruminant feed. Grain with 18% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm, and grain with 14.0% MC and GAP of 0.2032 mm can produce flour of particle sizes good for poultry feed. GAP of 0.1016 mm and 8% MC can produce flour of particle sizes suitable for the ethanol production industry. Flour preparation should purposely be done based on grain MC and GAP. The geometric mean diameter of particle sizes ranged from 0.54 mm-0.75 mm, and the geometric mean diameter of particle sizes increased with increasing MC and GAP. Also, grains with 8% MC had the highest loss in flour, and the higher moisture of 18% significantly affected the red color of flour.

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