Статті в журналах: "Role orientation"

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Diao, Maguette Teuw, and Balla Doucoure. "Implementing Strategic Orientations in SMEs: The role of CEO’s Market Orientation." Journal of Comparative International Management 25, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 246–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55482/jcim.2022.33299.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of a CEO’s market orientation on the strategic orientations of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). A survey was conducted and data were collected from a sample of 175 Senegalese SMEs. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in STATA. The results show that some dimensions of a CEO’s market orientation positively influence SMEs’ strategic orientations. The findings imply that CEOs must individually exhibit market-oriented behaviors to encourage the development of strategic orientations in their SME. This study contributes to the development of the literature on individual market orientation by revealing that the CEO’s market orientation constitutes a key factor for the strategic orientation in SMEs

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St. Lawrence, Janet S., David J. Hansen, Teresa F. Cutts, Debra A. Tisdelle, and Jean D. Irish. "Sex Role Orientation." Behavior Modification 9, no. 3 (July 1985): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455850093007.

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Williams, Lavon, and Diane L. Gill. "The Role of Perceived Competence in the Motivation of Physical Activity." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 17, no. 4 (December 1995): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.4.363.

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Understanding the role of perceived competence in the motivation of sport and physical activity is an important endeavor. This study attempted to examine the role of perceived competence by (a) investigating its relationship with goal orientations as hypothesized by Nicholls’s theory of achievement motivation, and (b) testing a proposed model linking goal orientations and motivated behavior. Students (N = 174) completed questionnaires assessing goal orientations, perceived competence, intrinsic interest, and effort. Regression analyses revealed that task orientation was a good predictor of effort; however, the interaction of ego orientation and perceived competence failed to adequately predict effort. Path analysis results revealed that task goal orientation, but not ego orientation, directly influenced perceived competence, intrinsic interest, and effort. In addition, intrinsic interest played a mediating role between perceived competence and effort and between task goal orientation and effort.

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Frislia, Ernie, and Seger Handoyo. "THE ROLE OF SELF-CONSTRUAL AND GOAL ORIENTATION ON EMPLOYEE INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR." Jurnal Psikologi 19, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jp.19.3.233-245.

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Innovation is an effort to increase the companies' competitiveness in Indonesia in the era of the ASEAN Economic Community and confront the fourth industrial era. Innovative work behavior is an organization's methods to implement innovations and improve performance, excellence, competitiveness, and confront changes in the dynamic external environment. This study aims to examine the effect of self-construal and goal orientation on innovative work behavior by testing hypotheses using multiple regression analysis. Data collection in this study uses an innovative work behavior scale, self-construal scale, and goal orientation scale, an online survey method filled by 168 employees working in the manufacturing industry sectors in Indonesia. The results show that self-construal and goal orientation have a positive effect on innovative work behavior, enhancement in self-construal, and goal orientation to increase employees' innovative work behavior—the contribution of goal orientation significant higher for employees' innovative work behavior than for self-construal contributions. Individuals with goal orientations can help organizations to develop innovation through innovative work behavior.

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Gul, Misra Cagla. "The moderating role of environmental munificence on innovativeness in B2B markets." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, no. 5 (September 30, 2019): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-04-2019-0153.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between two business orientations, namely, entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation, and innovativeness taking into account the moderating influence of environmental munificence. Design/methodology/approach This is a multiple respondent quantitative study. A total of 312 marketing managers middle level and above from 79 firms participated in the survey. Multiple regression and hierarchical multiple regression was the method of choice for data analysis. Findings Findings indicate that environmental munificence moderates the entrepreneurial orientation – innovativeness relationship. Findings reveal that even though a significant impact of entrepreneurial orientation is not present on innovativeness, this insignificance may be due to environmental munificence. Market orientation has a direct positive impact on innovativeness, and environmental munificence negatively moderates this relationship suggesting that when the environment is less munificent, the market orientation – innovation link becomes stronger. Practical implications Managers should be aware that the more munificent an environment becomes, having an entrepreneurial orientation will be more important for innovativeness. In addition, results of this study suggest that being market oriented more strongly impacts a firm’s ability to innovate in non-munificent environments where growth opportunities are undesirable. Originality/value This study is unique in that it is a multi-respondent study with respondents from different layers of each participating organization, incorporating the moderating impact of the business environment’s munificence on business orientations–innovativeness relationship.

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Matikainen, Minna, Harri Terho, Petri Parvinen, and Anne Juppo. "The role and impact of firm’s strategic orientations on launch performance: significance of relationship orientation." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 31, no. 5 (June 6, 2016): 625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-12-2014-0250.

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Purpose This study examines the role and relative impact of market orientation, product orientation and relationship orientation on new product launch performance, investigating product advantage and market-based assets as alternative mediating mechanisms, which link these strategic orientations to launch performance. Design/methodology/approach Survey data from the pharmaceutical industry are used to test hypotheses in the research model using partial least squares modeling. Findings Findings show that while each examined strategic orientation relates positively to launch performance, their performance effects and related mechanisms vary significantly. Results demonstrate a firm’s relationship orientation is the strongest predictor of launch performance, and accumulated market-based assets represent an alternative relational mediator besides product advantage linking firms’ orientations and launch performance. Research limitations/implications The empirical study is based on cross-sectional data collected in one specific industry sector. The authors encourage researchers to confirm the key findings in different industry and other contextual settings. Practical implications New product launch can be effectively managed as a relational activity. Firms benefit from paying explicit attention to strategic orientations and relationships. Especially, top management should foster a relationship-oriented organizational culture, develop relational competences and fully use the firm’s accumulated market-based assets for increased launch performance. Originality/value The study extends knowledge on the role of strategic orientations in launch performance by highlighting the significance of relationship orientations and providing novel knowledge on the key mediating mechanisms between strategic orientations and launch performance.

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Kazemian, Soheil, R. Abdul Rahman, Z. Ibrahim, and A. Abideen Adeymi. "AIM’s Accountability in Financial Sustainability: The Role of Market Orientation." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 5, no. 2 (2014): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2014.v5.369.

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Ngek Neneh, Brownhilder. "Market orientation and performance: the contingency role of external environment." Environmental Economics 7, no. 2 (June 3, 2016): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(2).2016.14.

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In today’s business environment characterized by intense competition from globalization and incessantly changing customer needs, market orientation (MO) has been presented as a valuable approach for firms to safeguard themselves against market fluctuations and maintain continuous superior performance. Even though existing literature suggest that MO is a vital driver of business performance, some studies have failed to find its benefits. This is possibly because the MO-performance relationship is has been argued to be context specific and contingent to the business environment. This study thus had as objective to investigate the impact of MO on SME performance, as well as the moderating effects of the external environment on the MO- performance nexus. Using data from South Africa, this study showed that two of the three dimensions of MO (i.e. customer orientation, competitor focus) are significant drivers of business performance and that the MO-performance nexus is moderated by the external environmental factors. Specifically the MO-performance relationship is positively moderated by market turbulence and negative moderated by technological turbulence and competitive intensity. The study culminates with theoretical and practical implications that can be valuable for scholars and businesses operating in South Africa

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Núñez, Juan L., José Martín-Albo, Alberto Paredes, Oliver Rodríguez, and Noemí Chipana. "The mediating role of perceived competence: testing a motivational sequence in university students." Universitas Psychologica 10, no. 3 (July 28, 2010): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy10-3.mrpc.

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In order to test the mediating role of perceived competence between each goal orientation (i.e. task and ego orientations) and intrinsic motivation in a motivational sequence in the context of university education, two models based on the cognitive evaluation theory and the achievement goal theory were tested with 276 Bolivian undergraduate students (138 males, 138 females), who completed Spanish versions of instruments designed to assess motivation, perceived competence, and positive emotions and interest. Two models were found with structural equation modeling techniques, one for ego orientation and one for task orientation. Results showed that perceived competence acts as a good mediator in the relation between ego orientation and intrinsic motivation, and as a partial mediator in the relation between task orientation and intrinsic motivation.

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Brumels, Kirk, and Andrea Beach. "Role Orientation of Certified Athletic Trainers at Institutions of Higher Education." Athletic Training Education Journal 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-3.1.5.

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Objective: This study examined the role orientation hierarchy among teaching, research, service, and administrative responsibilities of certified athletic trainers (ATCs) employed at the collegiate level. Design and Setting: Four single response role orientation questions regarding their actual, ideal, promoted, and most appropriate role orientations were asked as part of a 45 question role complexity internet survey sent to 1,000 randomly selected collegiate ATCs. Subjects: Twenty-nine potential respondents were eliminated from the random sample after administration of the survey due to partial responses and missing data, illness, vacation and job changes. Therefore, out of 971 potential respondents, 348 usable responses were received for a 36% response rate. Measurements: Emphasizing or de-emphasizing each element of responsibility created sixteen different role orientation hierarchies involving teaching, service, research, and administration. Respondents chose one hierarchy to answer each of four questions about their actual, ideal, supervisor recommended, and feelings regarding the most appropriate role orientations for themselves and the profession. Results: Study participants report that service responsibilities were significant aspects of their job. Research was deemed as an important, appropriate, and promoted role orientation, but was not often reported as an actual role orientation. Actual role orientation hierarchies were closely aligned with supervisor expectations, with the exception of research, which was promoted more than it was performed. Conclusions: Collegiate ATCs view service responsibilities as important aspects of their job regardless of their job description, but are not performing research as much as they and their employers feel is important and appropriate for the profession.

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Li, Jingyu, Mengxiang Li, Xincheng Wang, and Jason Bennett Thatcher. "Strategic Directions for AI: The Role of CIOs and Boards of Directors." MIS Quarterly 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1603–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2021/16523.

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This paper applies upper echelons theory to investigate whether chief information officers (CIOs) and boards of directors affect the development of AI orientation, which represents firms’ overall strategic direction and goals regarding the introduction and application of artificial intelligence (AI)technology. We tested our model using a dataset drawn from 1,454 publicly listed firms in China. Our findings show that the presence of a CIO positively influences AI orientation and that board educational diversity, R&D experience, and AI experience positively moderate the CIO’s effect on AI orientation. Our post hoc analysis further demonstrates that these board characteristics represent contingencies that impact AI orientation but not conventional IT orientation. This paper contributes to the upper echelons literature and IT management research by offering contextualized arguments that explain new business and IT strategies such as AI orientation. Further, our findings suggest important implications about how to build top management teams and boards capable of effectively developing AI orientations

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Presson, Clark C., Nina DeLange, and Mark D. Hazelrigg. "Orientation-specificity in kinesthetic spatial learning: The role of multiple orientations." Memory & Cognition 15, no. 3 (May 1987): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03197720.

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Şen, Gamze, and İhsan Dağ. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSECURE ATTACHMENT PATTERNS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF GENERAL CAUSALITY ORIENTATIONS." Psychological Thought 13, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 376–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/psyct.v13i2.430.

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The main aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of general causality orientations within Self Determination Theory in the relationship between adult attachment styles and various psychopathological symptoms (depression, OCD symptomology, and general psychological symptoms). Total 750 participants were consisted of 558 female and 192 male. Results of a mediation analysis demonstrated that: autonomy orientation have shown positive effect to statistically significant predictors for various psychopathological symptoms, but having impersonal orientations have shown negative effect. Control orientations have negative effect to statistically significant predictors only for OCD symptomology. Different level causality orientations for each individual was found to be suited for the role of partial mediation this relation, and autonomy orientation was found to have more positive roles than control and impersonal orientations. This relationship is differential with respect to gender effect and anxious or avoidant attachment patterns.

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Gallacher, Fiona, and Douglas M. Klieger. "Sex Role Orientation and Fear." Journal of Psychology 129, no. 1 (January 1995): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1995.9914946.

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Mathieu, John E., Scott I. Tannenbaum, Michael R. Kukenberger, Jamie S. Donsbach, and George M. Alliger. "Team Role Experience and Orientation." Group & Organization Management 40, no. 1 (December 16, 2014): 6–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601114562000.

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Song, Wenhao, Hongyan Yu, Yanlong Zhang, and Wan Jiang. "Goal orientation and employee creativity: The mediating role of creative role identity." Journal of Management & Organization 21, no. 1 (January 2015): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.64.

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AbstractWe developed and tested a model of employee creativity based on achievement goal theory and role identity theory. Examining the relationship between the three dimensions of goal orientation and employee creativity, we explored the mediating effect of creative role identity. Data were collected from 197 employees and their supervisors from several industries in China. The results indicated that employee learning orientation was positively related to employee creativity, but that no such positive relationship existed between approach performance orientation and employee creativity. Interestingly, we found that avoidance performance orientation was positively related to employee creativity. Learning orientation, approach performance orientation and avoidance performance orientation were all found to have significant effects on creative role identity. In turn, creative role identity fully mediated the relationship between learning orientation and employee creativity, and the relationship between avoidance performance orientation and employee creativity. These findings contribute to the advancement of role identity theory, and their theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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May, Adéle, and Judora J. Spangenberg. "Androgyny and Coping in Men with a Managerial Orientation." South African Journal of Psychology 27, no. 4 (December 1997): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639702700407.

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To examine the relationship between sex-role orientation and coping ability in men with a managerial orientation, a demographic questionnaire, the Zeitlin Coping Inventory and the Bem Sex-role Inventory were completed by 169 adult males undertaking the Master of Business Administration (MBA) course at the University of Stellenbosch Graduate School of Business. No significant difference was found between the global coping abilities of subjects with androgynous and masculine sex-role orientations, although both androgynous and masculine subjects showed significantly better coping abilities than subjects with feminine or undifferentiated sex-role orientations. Regarding coping styles, androgynous subjects displayed a significantly more flexible style in coping with the environment than subjects with other sex-role orientations. No significant difference was found between androgynous and masculine subjects regarding flexibility in coping with the self. The conclusion was drawn that both androgyny and masculinity could serve as effective coping resources in men with a managerial orientation.

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Martínez-González, Natalia, Francisco L. Atienza, Joan L. Duda, and Isabel Balaguer. "The Role of Dispositional Orientations and Goal Motives on Athletes’ Well- and Ill-Being." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010289.

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Findings in different contexts suggest that task orientation and ego orientation are related to adaptive and maladaptive motivational patterns, respectively. In sport, these personal dispositions could influence other important variables such as the goals that athletes pursue (and why they pursue them) during the season and their well- and ill-being. The main purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between athletes’ dispositional goal orientations, their goal motives, and their reported well-being (subjective vitality) and ill-being (physical and emotional exhaustion). The study involved 414 Spanish university athletes (206 female and 208 male) with an age range of 17 to 33 years (M = 20.61; SD = 2.58) that completed a package of questionnaires at the beginning of the season. Results of path analysis revealed that athletes’ task orientation was negatively associated to physical and emotional exhaustion indirectly through autonomous and controlled goal motives. In contrast, ego orientation was positively related to physical and emotional exhaustion via its link to controlled goal motives. Athletes’ task orientation directly and positively predicted subjective vitality, even though goal motives were not significant mediators. These findings support previous evidence about the protective role of athletes’ task orientation, in contrast to ego orientation, confirming its positive relationship with well-being and its negative one with ill-being. Additionally, it extends the knowledge regarding interdependencies between goal orientations and goal motives and how both contribute to athletes’ optimal or compromised functioning.

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Stein, Alisha, and B. Ramaseshan. "The customer experience – loyalty link: moderating role of motivation orientation." Journal of Service Management 31, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-04-2019-0113.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to examine the effects of different touch points on customer experience, second, effects of customer experience on loyalty intentions, and actual spend, and third, the moderating role of motivation orientation on these effects. Design/methodology/approach By recognizing the importance of capturing customer experience assessments at the “time of the experience”, a smartphone technology mobile app was developed for the purpose of this study. Real time customer experience data were collected at individual touch points. Findings The results show that the real-time touch point evaluations significantly effect overall customer experience and that these effects significantly differ for utilitarian and hedonic motivation orientations. The effects of technology, atmospherics, employee–customer interaction and service/product interaction touch points on overall customer experience are significantly stronger for hedonic orientation than for utilitarian orientation. In contrast, the effect of process touch point on overall customer experience is significantly stronger for utilitarian than hedonic orientation. Also, favorable overall customer experience evaluations exert significant positive influence on loyalty intentions, and actual spend, and these influences are significantly stronger for consumers with hedonic than utilitarian motivation orientations. Practical implications The findings of this study will enable companies to manage customer experience programs effectively by providing an understanding of the distinct touch points that occur along the customer journey and the relative importance of each of these touch points in enhancing customer experience. Originality/value This is the first empirical study that offers important insights on the effects of different touch points on customer experience, and on the moderating role of consumer motivation orientations on the touch points – customer experience – loyalty link by using real-time data.

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Al-Ansaari, Yahya, Simon Pervan, and Jun Xu. "Exploiting Innovation in Dubai SMEs: The Effect of Strategic Orientation on Organizational Determinants." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 11, no. 06 (November 25, 2014): 1450039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877014500394.

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This study investigates the role of strategic orientations of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging market, namely Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. It uses the business-level typology of Miles and Snow (prospector, analyzer, and defender) to examine the effect of strategic orientations on organizational determinants (organizational culture, technology orientation, alliance and cooperation, and market orientation) and their consequences in terms of innovation. Drawing upon data from 189 Dubai SMEs, the findings reveal that there are differences in the organizational determinants with prospector and defender orientations, with analyzer orientations falling in-between. Prospectors place more reliance than defenders on developing organizational culture, technology orientation, alliance and cooperation, and market orientation. Constant changes in the Dubai business and market environments seem to affect SMEs' strategic orientations and smaller SMEs are more likely to be analyzers than the SMEs employing over 100 staff. This study provides useful insights into the role of strategic orientations and organizational determinants of Dubai SMEs to accomplish successful innovation results.

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ROBERTS, A. M., and F. M. DEACON. "Gravitaxis in motile micro-organisms: the role of fore–aft body asymmetry." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 452 (February 10, 2002): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001006772.

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Scale model experiments on axially symmetric bodies exhibiting fore–aft asymmetry are described. Body shapes are specified by a three parameter equation: two of the parameters (a and b) describe the length and breadth of the body and the third (c) the degree of asymmetry. Objects of this shape orientate as they sediment downwards under gravity until the narrower end lies uppermost, after which they fall vertically downward with no further change in orientation. For the range of parameters investigated the sedimentation velocities, both when vertical and horizontal, are governed principally by a and b, while the rate of orientation is determined by c. The sedimentation characteristics of bodies which cannot be described exactly by the equation can be predicted approximately using best-fit values for a, b and c. These results are applied to consider the role of front–rear asymmetry in ciliated free-swimming micro-organisms. The shape asymmetry is probably sufficient to account for the observed orientation rates in the ciliated protozoan Paramecium. It is suggested that these results may be used to deduce the sedimentation behaviour of ciliates from microscope images of individual cells. In small flagellates such as Chlamydomonas the orientating effects of the protruding flagella are much larger than the effects of cell body asymmetry. The extreme sensitivity of the orientation rate to slight changes in body shape and flagellar beat patterns may explain why experiments to distinguish between various orientational mechanisms involved in gravitaxis have in the past produced equivocal results.

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Tanzil, Sarah Nurlaeli, Erry Sunarya, and Dicky Jhoansyah. "Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Orientation to MSMES Performance." Almana : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 5, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36555/almana.v5i2.1433.

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The number of sales each year always decreases to the background in this study. The research aims to determine the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation on MSMEs performance. Methods used using a sampling method purposive distribute questionnaires for 32 respondents in the Wisata Kuliner Toserba Selamat Sukabumi. Analytical techniques use multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing using partial tests and simultaneous testing. Result Determination (RSquare) 0.457 which means the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation for MSMEs performance 45.7% remaining amount of 54.3% is influenced by other variables. Based on the results of entrepreneurship orientation to the performance of UMKM reached Tcount 1,293 > Ttable 1.69, and the market orientation for UMKM performance shows the value of Tcount 2,304 > Ttable 1.69 means to have influence and significance. The result of the F-test has been done, the value of Fcount 12,227 > Ftable 3.33 means the orientation of entrepreneurship and market orientation positively and significantly towards MSMEs performance. means to have influence and significance.

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Templer, Klaus J., Jeffrey C. Kennedy, and Riyang Phang. "Customer orientation: the interactive effect of role clarity and learning goal orientation." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 27, no. 3 (June 4, 2020): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabes-12-2019-0122.

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PurposeCustomer orientation of service employees relates to customer satisfaction and loyalty, sales growth and business performance. Drawing from conservation of resources (COR) theory, the aim of this study was to test the interactive effects of service employees' role clarity and learning goal orientation on customer orientation. Specifically, it was hypothesized that even under conditions of low role clarity, service employees with high learning goal orientation would maintain a high level of customer orientation.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were 323 employees of 4- and 5-star hotels in Singapore. Using questionnaires, they reported their role clarity, learning goal orientation and customer orientation. For hypothesis testing, moderated regression analysis was performed.FindingsRole clarity and learning goal orientation were significantly related to customer orientation, and in support of the hypothesis, the interaction effect of role clarity and learning goal orientation was also significant. With high role clarity, all employees showed high customer orientation. But with low role clarity, only employees with high learning goal orientation demonstrated high customer orientation.Practical implicationsThe recommendations from this study are to include learning goal orientation as a selection criterion for service employees and to clearly define the roles of existing service employees, especially for those with low learning goal orientation.Originality/valueThe originality and value of this study lies in highlighting the importance of learning goal orientation especially under conditions of low role clarity.

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Mantok, Stanzin, Harjit Sekhon, Gurjeet Kaur Sahi, and Paul Jones. "Entrepreneurial orientation and the mediating role of organisational learning amongst Indian S-SMEs." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 26, no. 5 (November 11, 2019): 641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-07-2018-0215.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine organisational learning as a mediator among small-scale manufacturing enterprises (S-SMEs) which comprise the majority of economic activity in an emergent/developing economy. This study offers further understanding regarding the mediating role of organisational learning in developing world economies, due to its potential regional influence. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey of Indian S-SMEs was undertaken from the District Industrial Center. The study employed a systematic sampling technique to contact owner/managers. Overall, 204 S-SMEs owners/managers participated in the study and 192 usable survey instruments were received. Findings The study offers novel insights to the following questions. First, the factors that prompt entrepreneurial orientation to achieve superior business performance, i.e. the antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation? The results reveal competitor orientation is an antecedent of entrepreneurial orientation that leads to an S-SME’s business performance. Second, the outcomes of entrepreneurial orientation, i.e. the consequences of entrepreneurial orientation? The study reveals organisational learning and business performance are the corollary of entrepreneurial orientation. Third, the examination of whether organisational learning mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance? The findings found the effects of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance are, in part, mediated by organisational learning. Research limitations/implications Three study limitations are recognised. First, other strategic orientations, including technology orientation, production orientation and selling orientation are not included. Second, other constructs have a potentially significant relationship with market and entrepreneurial orientation, such as organisational capabilities, innovation and social context, were not considered. Third, the study is industry-sector specific and does not consider alternative sectors which also may play a potential role in economic development. Originality/value This study enhances the existing S-SME literature by identifying factors contributing to entrepreneurial orientation and its repercussions on business performance. For S-SMEs it adds credence to the role played by organisational learning in mediating the link between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance which potentially encourages owner/managers to dedicate increased time and resources towards creating and maintaining a conducive learning environment. The results support entrepreneurs in acknowledging the importance of competitor orientation during the emergence and development of entrepreneurial orientation, specifically in emerging economy contexts.

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Bonds, A. B. "Role of Inhibition in the Specification of Orientation Selectivity of Cells in the Cat Striate Cortex." Visual Neuroscience 2, no. 1 (January 1989): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800004314.

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AbstractMechanisms supporting orientation selectivity of cat striate cortical cells were studied by stimulation with two superimposed sine-wave gratings of different orientations. One grating (base) generated a discharge of known amplitude which could be modified by the second grating (mask). Masks presented at nonoptimal orientations usually reduced the base-generated response, but the degree of reduction varied widely between cells. Cells with narrow orientation tuning tended to be more susceptible to mask presence than broadly tuned cells; similarly, simple cells generally showed more response reduction than did complex cells.The base and mask stimuli were drifted at different temporal frequencies which, in simple cells, permitted the identification of individual response components from each stimulus. This revealed that the reduction of the base response by the mask usually did not vary regularly with mask orientation, although response facilitation from the mask was orientation selective. In some sharply tuned simple cells, response reduction had clear local maxima near the limits of the cell's orientation-tuning function.Response reduction resulted from a nearly pure rightward shift of the response versus log contrast function. The lowest mask contrast yielding reduction was within 0.1–0.3 log unit of the lowest contrast effective for excitation.The temporal-frequency bandpass of the response-reduction mechanism resembled that of most cortical cells. The spatial-frequency bandpass was much broader than is typical for single cortical cells, spanning essentially the entire visual range of the cat.These findings are compatible with a model in which weak intrinsic orientation-selective excitation is enhanced in two stages: (1) control of threshold by nonorientation-selective inhibition that is continuously dependent on stimulus contrast; and (2) in the more narrowly tuned cells, orientation-selective inhibition that has local maxima serving to increase the slope of the orientation-tuning function.

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Scholten, Victor, Paul Trott, and Do Huang Lee. "Strategic Orientations and the mediating role of Entrepreneurial Orientation among Korean SMEs." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (January 2015): 18510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.18510abstract.

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Deshpandé, Rohit, Amir Grinstein, and Elie Ofek. "Strategic orientations in a competitive context: The role of strategic orientation differentiation." Marketing Letters 23, no. 3 (March 15, 2012): 629–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-012-9167-4.

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Barratt, Clare L., Mindy E. Bergman, and Rebecca J. Thompson. "Women in Federal Law Enforcement: The Role of Gender Role Orientations and Sexual Orientation in Mentoring." Sex Roles 71, no. 1-2 (June 11, 2014): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0388-2.

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Venkatraman Krishnan, Anirudh, Penchal Matli, Gururaj Parande, Vyasaraj Manakari, Beng Chua, Stephen Wong, Senthil Anantharajan, C. Lim, and Manoj Gupta. "Drill Hole Orientation: Its Role and Importance on the Compression Response of Pure Magnesium." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 7047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207047.

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Drilling is used in creating cylindrical through-holes for various applications. While optimizing drilling parameters is widespread, the effect of a drilled through-hole on the structural stability of components is not fully documented. The base material, along with other parameters, such as drill diameter, drill location and its orientation affect structural stability. Since carrying out tests on different base materials can be time consuming, simulation software can instead be used to provide valuable information. However, the comparison between experiments and simulations gets difficult; hence, this study attempts to provide a basis for effective comparison by studying simulations and compression tests, comparing the two, and documenting the role of drill hole orientation on the compressive response of magnesium, a material with immense potential in light-weight components. Simulations and experiments were carried out on three through-hole orientations and were compared to the undrilled scenario. Results demonstrate significant differences in compression behaviour. While the compressive yield strength increased in all three drill orientations, ultimate strength and ductility was reduced in horizontal and angular drill hole orientations. These observations, therefore, provide valuable insight into choosing the right orientation for different applications.

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Schulze, Anja, and Janell Townsend. "Entrepreneurial and Market Orientation: The bridging role of Proactive Competitor Orientation." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 16924. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.16924abstract.

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31

Meekaewkunchorn, Nusanee, Katarzyna Szczepańska-Woszczyna, Chaiyawit Muangmee, Nuttapon Kassakorn, and Bilal Khalid. "Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance: The mediating role of learning orientation." Economics & Sociology 14, no. 2 (June 2021): 294–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/16.

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Trice, Ashton D., and Michel Lamb. "Sex-Role Orientation among Incarcerated Women." Psychological Reports 79, no. 1 (August 1996): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.1.92.

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This study of 120 women inmates of a state prison showed that sex-role orientation was related to the type of offence committed by women but, contrary to the hypothesis about the “new” female offender, violent offenders were more traditionally feminine than financial and drug-related offenders. Drug offenders had high rates of undifferentiated ratings. Women became more traditionally masculine or feminine with length of incarceration. Women who had children were more likely to score as traditionally feminine.

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Richardson, Arthur G. "Sex-Role Orientation of Caribbean Adolescents." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 3 (December 1986): 1113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.3.1113.

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A total of 140 Caribbean middle-class 17-yr.-olds (68 boys and 72 girls) completed the Bern Sex-role Inventory. Analyses indicated strong stereotypical behavior in the direction of each group's respective sex-type.

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Kinley, Helen. "Defining role models for staff orientation." Nursing Standard 10, no. 8 (November 15, 1995): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.10.8.27.s37.

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Davidson, Bernard, and Donna L. Sollie. "SEX-ROLE ORIENTATION AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1987.15.1.59.

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The relationship between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment was investigated. Using a sample of 112 married couples, husbands and wives separately completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The hypotheses tested were based on the assumption that an androgynous sex-role orientation, which incorporates both instrumental and expressive capacities, would be most positively related to self and spouse's marital adjustment, while an undifferentiated orientation would be least related. Results indicated that in general both androgynous and sex-typed individuals and their spouses were significantly higher in marital adjustment than were undifferentiated individuals and their spouses. In addition, spousal sex-role types were found to be related and couples in which both partners were classified as undifferentiated reported the lowest levels of marital adjustment while androgynous couples and sex-typed couples reported greater levels of marital adjustment. The results were discussed in relation to their support for a symbolic interaction/ role theory interpretation of the association between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment.

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Craddock, Alan E. "Family structure and sex-role orientation." American Journal of Family Therapy 18, no. 4 (December 1990): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926189008250984.

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Farell, B., and S. Li. "Relative binocular disparity: Role of orientation." Journal of Vision 4, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/4.8.583.

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38

Mullis, Ronald L., and Kathleen McKinley. "Gender-Role Orientation of Adolescent Females." Journal of Adolescent Research 4, no. 4 (October 1989): 506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074355488944007.

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Ambrose, Janice M. "Orientation to the Charge Nurse Role." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 26, no. 11 (November 1995): 63???71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199511000-00018.

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Schredl, Michael, Eugenia Kim, Sarah Labudek, Anna Schädler, and Anja S. Göritz. "Gender, sex role orientation, and dreaming." Dreaming 23, no. 4 (2013): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034915.

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41

Möller-Leimkühler, A. M., R. Schwarz, W. Burtscheidt, and W. Gaebel. "Alcohol dependence and gender-role orientation." European Psychiatry 17, no. 1 (March 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00624-7.

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SummaryObjectiveThe overall increase of female alcoholism is supposed to be associated with the change of the traditional female role, and it is especially seen as a consequence of role convergence or gender-role conflicts. The aim of the present pilot study is to explore whether the approach of gender-role orientation would be empirically useful in contributing to these hypotheses.MethodOne hundred twelve patients with alcohol dependence meeting DSM-III-R criteria were explored after detoxification; gender-role orientation was measured by a German version of the ‘Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire’, categorising gender-role orientation into four subgroups: masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated.ResultsIn comparison with a population-based sample, there are significant differences in the distribution of the four subgroups of gender-role orientation, showing a predominance of the undifferentiated self-concept in the alcoholic sample (49%). Alcoholic females describe themselves as rather undifferentiated, and rather feminine than masculine. Low masculinity and low femininity, as well as high femininity, correlate positively with distress, depressiveness, social anxiety, insecurity and concomitant personality disorders.ConclusionOur data do not support the convergence hypothesis related to gender-role orientation, but support the traditional feminine self-concept as an unspecific risk factor for vulnerability. The question whether an undifferentiated self-concept could be a specific risk factor for alcoholism is discussed.

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42

Sin, Leo Yat-ming, and Oliver Hon-ming Yau. "Female Role Orientation and Consumption Values." Journal of International Consumer Marketing 13, no. 2 (January 2001): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j046v13n02_04.

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43

Watson, P. J., Michael D. Biderman, and Steve M. Sawrie. "Empathy, sex role orientation, and narcissism." Sex Roles 30, no. 9-10 (May 1994): 701–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01544671.

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Santana, Shelle, and Vicki G. Morwitz. "The Role of Gender in Pay-What-You-Want Contexts." Journal of Marketing Research 58, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243721992056.

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This research highlights how gender shapes consumer payments in pay-what-you-want contexts. Four studies involving hypothetical and real payments show that men typically pay less than women in pay-what-you-want settings, due to gender differences in agentic versus communal orientation. Men approach the payment decision with an agentic orientation, and women approach it with a communal orientation. These orientations then shape payment motives and ultimately affect payment behavior. Because agentic men are more self-focused, their payment decisions are motivated by economic factors, resulting in lower payments. Conversely, communal women are more other-focused, and their payment decisions are motivated by both social and economic factors, resulting in higher payments. The findings additionally highlight how sellers can use marketing communications to increase the salience of social payment motives and demonstrate that by doing so, marketers can increase how much men pay without altering how much women pay in pay-what-you-want settings.

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Vaitoonkiat, Ekawee, and Peerayuth Charoensukmongkol. "Stakeholder orientation’s contribution to firm performance." Management Research Review 43, no. 7 (January 30, 2020): 863–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-07-2019-0296.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate stakeholder orientation’s influence on firm’s performance and analyze four types of stakeholder orientations: customer, competitor, employee and shareholder. Moreover, this research extended the previous literature by examining perceived market uncertainty’s moderating effect, which can influence the effects of the orientation to all four stakeholder groups’ effects on firm performance. Design/methodology/approach The study collected questionnaire data from 370 small and medium-sized enterprises in the steel fabrication industry in Thailand, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results of the main effect analysis indicated that customer, competitor and employee orientation affected firm’s performance positively and significantly; however, the analysis did not support shareholder orientation’s significant contribution. Moreover, the analysis of the moderating effect showed that perceived market uncertainty moderated customer and competitor orientation’s effect on firm’s performance positively and significantly. However, perceived market uncertainty moderated employee and shareholder orientation’s effects on firm’s performance negatively and significantly. Originality/value This study advances prior research by showing that stakeholder orientation’s role in firms’ performance may be contingent on the nature of market conditions that firms experience. In particular, this research demonstrated that not all aspects of stakeholder orientation may be beneficial for firms to maintain high performance under high market uncertainty.

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Harangus, Katalin, and Erzsebet Szentes. "The Role of Information Technology and Labor Market Orientation in Vocational Training." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (March 22, 2017): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjhss.v3i3.1615.

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47

Gonzales, Nancy A., Megan Johnson, Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff, Jenn-Yun Tein, Brenda Eskenazi, and Julianna Deardorff. "The role of bicultural adaptation, familism, and family conflict in Mexican American adolescents’ cortisol reactivity." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 5 (October 8, 2018): 1571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001116.

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AbstractScarce research has examined stress responsivity among Latino youths, and no studies have focused on the role of acculturation in shaping cortisol stress response in this population. This study assessed Mexican American adolescents’ Mexican and Anglo cultural orientations and examined prospective associations between their patterns of bicultural orientation and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal cortisol reactivity to an adapted Trier Social Stress Test. The sample included 264 youths from a longitudinal birth cohort study who completed the Trier Social Stress Test and provided saliva samples at age 14. The youths completed assessments of cultural orientation at age 12, and family conflict and familism at age 14. Analyses testing the interactive effects of Anglo and Mexican orientation showed significant associations with cortisol responsivity, including the reactivity slope, peak levels, and recovery, but these associations were not mediated by family conflict nor familism values. Findings revealed that bicultural youth (high on both Anglo and Mexican orientations) showed an expected pattern of high cortisol responsivity, which may be adaptive in the context of a strong acute stressor, whereas individuals endorsing only high levels of Anglo orientation had a blunted cortisol response. Findings are discussed in relation to research on biculturalism and the trade-offs and potential recalibration of a contextually responsive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis for acculturating adolescents.

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Carsten, Melissa K., Mary Uhl-Bien, and Lei Huang. "Leader perceptions and motivation as outcomes of followership role orientation and behavior." Leadership 14, no. 6 (July 26, 2017): 731–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715017720306.

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Followership research posits that followers differ in the way they define and enact the followership role, which can have varying effects in relation to how leaders experience their own roles and responsibilities. Drawing from the role orientation literature and newly emerging research on followership, our study examines the indirect effects of followers’ co-production (co-producing leadership outcomes) and passive (deferring to leadership influence) role orientations on leader-rated outcomes of perceived follower support, leader motivation, and follower contribution to goal attainment via followers’ voice and upward delegation behaviors. Using data from 306 dyads in a Chinese organization, our results show that follower voice and upward delegation mediate the relationships linking followers’ co-production and passive role orientations with leader-rated outcomes. Our study provides evidence that followership role orientations and behaviors differentially influence leader perceptions regarding their followers’ support, contribution to goal attainment, and leader motivation. Implications are drawn for further research on followership and the importance of considering leader outcomes as critical variables in leadership and followership literatures.

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Vieira, Valter Afonso, Valter da Silva Faia, James Boles, Bruno Rafael Marioti, and Rita Cassia Pereira. "The role of self-regulatory mode on acquisition–retention ambidexterity." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 8 (October 7, 2019): 1813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-03-2018-0114.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical model that posits locomotion-assessment ambidextrous orientation as predictor of salesperson acquisition–retention ambidexterity, which as a consequence increases sales. The authors drawing on regulatory focus theory and self-regulatory for this propose. Design/methodology/approach Salespeople involved in the study represent different firms selling a wide variety of food and household products to a wholesaler, which resells them to supermarket chains. The authors collected data from 231 industrial salespeople. Findings First, salesperson assessment focus amplified locomotion’s effect on acquisition–retention ambidexterity. Second, salespeople increased their performance by implementing an acquisition–retention ambidextrous orientation that balances prospecting for new customers and growing existing customers. Third, findings revealed a mediating effect of ambidextrous orientation on the relationship between regulatory mode and sales performance. Finally, outcomes supported the conditional moderated-mediated effect of regulatory mode in explaining performance through ambidextrous orientation. Practical implications Results suggest that salespeople need to equalize their dual orientations in a complementary way to elaborate their selling strategies according to each customer. For example, in an unbalanced orientation, putting high levels of assessment into a sales encounter can reduce the effective and efficient use of time in interacting with customers. Originality/value The authors further illustrate the importance of using both locomotion and assessment in attaining sales goals (Pierro et al. 2013). This synergistic effect is known as the complementary hypothesis (Pierro et al., 2006a, 2006b). Each dimension complements the other and has a moderated-mediated effect on performance through acquisition–retention ambidexterity.

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Park, Chansoo, Chang Hoon Oh, and Azilah Kasim. "Market challenges, learning and customer orientation, and innovativeness in IJVs." International Marketing Review 34, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 945–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-07-2014-0238.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance a theoretical framework that incorporates the relationship between market challenge and learning and customer orientations, and the influence of these orientations on innovativeness in an international joint venture (IJV) context. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate a structural equation model utilizing survey data collected from 199 IJVs in the Republic of Korea. Findings The authors found that while market challenge does not influence learning orientation in IJVs, it does have a significant positive influence on customer orientation. Further, the authors’ findings support that both learning orientation and customer orientation have positive impacts on IJV innovativeness. Another interesting finding shows that the impact of learning orientation on IJV innovativeness is significant only when IJVs have high levels of interaction with parent firms. The study also reveals that having a strong learning orientation amplifies the impact of customer orientation on innovativeness in IJVs. Originality/value Despite increased interest in IJVs, there has been relatively little work linking IJV innovativeness with learning and customer orientations. The study contributes to recent streams of research that seek to understand the role of these orientations in IJV innovativeness.

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