Дисертації з теми "Role of electricity"
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1
MASSARO, CONCETTA. "THE ROLE OF RENEWABLES ON THE ITALIAN ELECTRICITY MARKET." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ogni tecnologia produttiva ha un proprio profilo di dispacciamento ottimale che non dovrebbe essere alterato dall’ingresso delle intermittenti tecnologie rinnovabili per mantenere la migliore allocazione di prezzo e quantità. La nostra ricerca si focalizza sul mercato elettrico italiano.
Considerando il comportamento di Edison Trading sul mercato, noi analizziamo se l’incremento di energia rinnovabile porta alla riduzione del prezzo e della produzione di energia grazie all’efficienza. I nostri principali risultati suggeriscono che le rinnovabili hanno un impatto negativo sulle quantità offerte. Gli impianti solari e di pompaggio portano ad un consistente incremento del prezzo elettrico; il contrario vale per le altre rinnovabili.
La nostra analisi sul mercato italiano aggregato considera il comportamento di tutti gli operatori del mercato elettrico (quelli aventi consistenti e limitate quote di mercato) nel quindicesimo giorno di ogni mese nel periodo gennaio 2013 - giugno 2015. Possiamo aspettarci lo stesso risultato in termini di impatto sul prezzo e quantità, data la crescente potenza lorda eolica e solare? I nostri risultati empirici sottolineano che le tecnologie intermittenti possono solamente portare ad incrementi di prezzo, mentre i più grandi operatori di mercato (Enel, Eni ed Edison) utilizzano la tecnologia CCGT efficientemente, poichè producono quando il prezzo è più alto.Each power plant has its own optimal dispatchable profile that should not be altered by the entrance of intermittent renewables to maintain the best allocation of price and quantity. Our research focuses on the Italian electricity market. Focusing on the market behaviour of Edison Trading, we investigate if the increase in renewable energy leads to a decrease in energy price and in energy production due to efficiency. Our main results suggest that renewables have a negative impact on the quantity supplied. Solar and pumped-storage technologies lead to a consistent increase in the electricity price, while the reverse is true for the other renewables. Our analysis on the aggregate Italian electricity market considers the behaviour of all electricity market operators (with low and high market shares) on the 15th day of each month in the period January 2013 - June 2015. Can we expect the same results in terms of the impact on price and quantity, given the increase in gross wind and solar power? Our empirical findings point out that the intermittent technologies can only lead to price increases, whereas the biggest market players (Enel, Eni and Edison) use CCGT technology efficiently since they produce when the price is higher.
2
MASSARO, CONCETTA. "THE ROLE OF RENEWABLES ON THE ITALIAN ELECTRICITY MARKET." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ogni tecnologia produttiva ha un proprio profilo di dispacciamento ottimale che non dovrebbe essere alterato dall’ingresso delle intermittenti tecnologie rinnovabili per mantenere la migliore allocazione di prezzo e quantità. La nostra ricerca si focalizza sul mercato elettrico italiano.
Considerando il comportamento di Edison Trading sul mercato, noi analizziamo se l’incremento di energia rinnovabile porta alla riduzione del prezzo e della produzione di energia grazie all’efficienza. I nostri principali risultati suggeriscono che le rinnovabili hanno un impatto negativo sulle quantità offerte. Gli impianti solari e di pompaggio portano ad un consistente incremento del prezzo elettrico; il contrario vale per le altre rinnovabili.
La nostra analisi sul mercato italiano aggregato considera il comportamento di tutti gli operatori del mercato elettrico (quelli aventi consistenti e limitate quote di mercato) nel quindicesimo giorno di ogni mese nel periodo gennaio 2013 - giugno 2015. Possiamo aspettarci lo stesso risultato in termini di impatto sul prezzo e quantità, data la crescente potenza lorda eolica e solare? I nostri risultati empirici sottolineano che le tecnologie intermittenti possono solamente portare ad incrementi di prezzo, mentre i più grandi operatori di mercato (Enel, Eni ed Edison) utilizzano la tecnologia CCGT efficientemente, poichè producono quando il prezzo è più alto.Each power plant has its own optimal dispatchable profile that should not be altered by the entrance of intermittent renewables to maintain the best allocation of price and quantity. Our research focuses on the Italian electricity market. Focusing on the market behaviour of Edison Trading, we investigate if the increase in renewable energy leads to a decrease in energy price and in energy production due to efficiency. Our main results suggest that renewables have a negative impact on the quantity supplied. Solar and pumped-storage technologies lead to a consistent increase in the electricity price, while the reverse is true for the other renewables. Our analysis on the aggregate Italian electricity market considers the behaviour of all electricity market operators (with low and high market shares) on the 15th day of each month in the period January 2013 - June 2015. Can we expect the same results in terms of the impact on price and quantity, given the increase in gross wind and solar power? Our empirical findings point out that the intermittent technologies can only lead to price increases, whereas the biggest market players (Enel, Eni and Edison) use CCGT technology efficiently since they produce when the price is higher.
3
Liu, Yingqi. "The role of the forward capacity market in promoting electricity use reduction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:20e6eb35-cae1-42bf-af7a-a029cb0c1998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electricity use reduction is at the heart of an energy policy landscape increasingly defined by climate change, security and affordability. With its potential of peak demand reduction, it can be used as a cost-effective alternative to generation for contributing to capacity adequacy. In many restructured electricity markets, the forward capacity market is established as a solution to ensure capacity adequacy, with some of them allowing electricity use reduction to compete against other resources. To promote electricity use reduction, financial incentives for investment in end-use electric energy efficiency (EE) are crucial. This thesis focuses on one novel approach of relying on the forward capacity market to incentivise electric efficiency investment, which is trialled in the Electricity Demand Reduction (EDR) Pilot in the UK. It aims to examine the role of the forward capacity market in promoting electricity use reduction, by asking two broad research questions: 1) whether the forward capacity market can serve as a primary policy vehicle to give financial incentives to support electricity use reduction; and 2) whether, as one mechanism for ensuring capacity adequacy, it can promote electricity use reduction as a capacity resource. Case studies are conducted of the EDR Pilot, the Great Britain Capacity Market, ISO New England (ISO-NE), PJM and international electric efficiency schemes. They demonstrate that the forward capacity market, with its focus on peak savings and a savings-based approach for providing financial incentives, only plays a minor role in advancing the objective of incentivising investment in electric EE measures. The general design features of the forward capacity market pose higher requirements of participation, which may create barriers for some key customer segments to access financial incentives or target specific efficiency measure. The capacity payment, under the current market structure, may only provide a lukewarm incentive for customers to strengthen their capabilities to access support from the forward capacity market. However, it is valuable to integrate electricity use reduction in the forward capacity market. It is a viable mechanism to reward the capacity value of electricity use reduction, which requires the appropriate definition of capacity product, regulatory support for electricity use reduction and the removal of participation barriers.
4
Schneller, John III. "Electrical Power: Its Advent and Role in Revitalizing and Expanding New Orleans 1880-1915." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract
New Orleans in 1900 was an endangered city clinging to a narrow strip of relatively high ground along the lower Mississippi river. Frequent flooding occurred from the river in the spring and from the lake in the June to October hurricane season. No reliable source of drinking water and no systems for removal of sewerage and rain water existed. Disease mortality was very high especially from frequent outbreaks of yellow fever.
The fortuitous appearance of new alternating current (AC) technologies, emerging engineering specialties, and a more progressive form of governance willing to support and finance large scale engineering projects gave New Orleans world class drainage, sewerage and potable water systems. With electric streetcars providing service to newly drained areas and greatly reduced disease mortality, New Orleans entered the twentieth century transformed into a safe and expanding city.
Key Words: Electricity, New Orleans, Infrastructure
5
Ma, Daghoo. "The Role of Comparative Electricity Use Feedback at the Building Level in University Research Buildings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
University research buildings are significant energy consumers in the United States. There is therefore a need to reduce energy use on the nation\'s campuses, not only cutting their carbon footprints but also saving money. Universities\' efforts to reduce energy use include updating older facilities, implementing renewable energy systems, and encouraging energy saving behavior. This study evaluated the differential effects of two forms of feedback on electricity consumption in two groups of research buildings on a college campus to determine whether providing feedback to energy users has an impact on energy conservation behavior. A control group of buildings received no feedback regarding their electricity use. In the first study group of buildings, occupants received information about their electricity consumption with some electricity saving tips, distributed via email. The same procedure was followed with building occupants in the second study group, who received additional information showing their electricity consumption performance in comparison to other buildings within the study group. The baseline reading was conducted a week before the experiment began in August, 2012. Over the course of the five week study, the daily adjusted average reductions in electricity usage compared to the control group were less than 1 percent for both study groups, with study group 1 achieving an average reduction of 0.2 percent and study group 2 an average reduction of 0.8 percent. Although the reduction observed for study group 2 was 4 times greater than that for study group 1, the saving was not continuous over the study period. Accordingly, the result was deemed to be not statistically significant and the effectiveness of comparative energy use feedback in university research buildings was not supported. However, even small savings in the energy used in university research buildings can be very important in terms of the total amount of energy saved because research buildings use significantly more energy than other buildings on campus such as academic buildings and residence blocks. This study concludes with a consideration of potentially fruitful directions for future research into developing new ways to reduce the energy consumption on university campuses. Master of Science
6
Lawson-McDowall, Bruce. "Handshakes and smiles : the role of social and symbolic resources in the management of a new common property." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323592.
Повний текст джерела
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Vorushilo, Inna. "The role of flexible generators, storage and interconnection in a wind dominated electricity market." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560808.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Governments of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland have committed to highly ambitious renewable energy targets for the 2020 Single Electricity Market (SEM) with accommodation of up to 40 % or 6 GW of renewables, mostly in the form of wind power. This aim requires appropriate flexible generators to support efficient and reliable future electricity market operation and utilisation of the maximum potential from wind power sources. Therefore the principal aim of this thesis is the investigation of the most appropriate flexible solutions for the 2020 SEM, in particular: peaking generators, energy storage, additional interconnection with neighbouring markets and new advanced CCGT power plants. These technologies are implemented through a series of policy and literature- supported future SEM models based on the current electricity market model PLEXOS and compared with each other in terms of technical benefits for the electricity market operation, economical advantages for the final consumer and investment viability. In order to achieve the core aim of this thesis, a comprehensive review of the current SEM, its generation profile, operation and trading arrangements, as well as future governments' goals and market development profile have been carried out. Thereafter, an appropriate methodology for the simulation of the SEM has been developed by using the Plexos software tool. Additional investigations of the GB market allowed an understanding of market misalignments to ensure efficient cross-border trading via interconnectors. Thus in exploring the potential for the future market harmonisation, a new methodology has been developed to represent the GB market in 2020 by a model constructed with the Plexos software. The final 2020 model was proved to be acceptable for the future modelling via an extensive validation and verification test. The modelling results suggest that the greatest benefits for the 2020 wind dominated SEM operation will occur through the use of Advanced CCGT power plants or Energy storage ,. systems. The additional interconnection option will become viable only under the government investment, although, even then, it would be sill less beneficial for the SEM in 2020 than Advanced CCGT or Energy Storage options. Peaking generators are the least advantageous among all other flexible generators.
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Alsnaideh, Fahad M. "The role of performance appraisal in employees' motivation in the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC)." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16515.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Performance appraisal (PA) is widely used across the world to evaluate and motivate individuals’ performance in order to increase organisational productivity. This study explores the role of performance appraisal in employees’ motivation at the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) to fill a gap in the previous literature. The first objective of this study is to explore the effectiveness of the performance appraisal system in the company from the employees’ point of view. The second objective is to explore to what extent the employees are motivated in the company. The last objective is to explore to what extent performance appraisal impacts the employees’ motivation. A qualitative methodology was used for collecting data through semi-structured interviews to provide in-depth understanding of the considered phenomena. Interviews were conducted with 40 employees in SEC who had worked with the company more than 4 years. In addition, official company documents were analysed and observations noted during the interview process. Thematic analysis was employed to indentify the major themes in the findings, using the inductive approach of Miles and Huberman (1994). With regard to the first objective of the study the findings show that generally the performance appraisal system in SEC is considered ineffective by the employees due to issues such as low level of employees’ participation in the PA process, lack of PA feedback, lack of employees’ acceptance of PA in SEC, and low levels of fairness in the PA process. The second objective of the study is addressed by considering two aspects, context and content factors. The findings regarding context factors such as job security, working conditions, pay, relationships in the workplace, and company policies, show that the employees were generally satisfied with those factors but they considered them as basic needs for completion of their jobs. However, some participants were dissatisfied with some of those factors, such as working conditions and company policies. In terms of content factors, such as recognition, work itself, the opportunity of growth, responsibility, advancement and achievement, the findings show that the participants believed those factors played an integral part in their level of motivation. However, the employees’ views regarding some of those factors were mixed. For instance, the technical employees were motivated by the work itself, such as challenge, responsibility and innovation, and they considered it as a source of motivation. Conversely, administrative employees saw the routine nature of their job as decreasing their level of motivation. With regard to the last objective of this study, the findings show that the participants strongly believed that performance appraisal has an integral role in their level of motivation. However, they mentioned three issues that should be satisfied if the company wants to use performance appraisal as a motivation mechanism: the PA should be fair, the rater should provide the ratees with regular feedback on PA, and the PA should be linked directly to the reward system in the company. The current study contributes to knowledge at both the academic and practical level. The main academic contribution is that by examining performance appraisal and motivation in SEC to provide an enhanced understanding of HRM in the Saudi context. Also, the study has answered the questions raised by a previous study conducted by Idris (2007) in SEC. At the practical level, the study has highlighted some recommendations for top management to increase their awareness of the importance of PA in regard to employees’ motivation, to improve the productivity of the organisation.
9
Al-Rajhi, Ahmed Naser. "The role of transmission pricing in electricity industry restructuring : the case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1668/.
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10
Engelhardt, Jens. "The Role of External Actors in Strategic Management - Corporate Political Activity of German Electricity Suppliers." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02606911001/$FILE/02606911001.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
11
Bhandari, Ramchandra [Verfasser]. "Role of Grids for Electricity and Water Supply with Decreasing Costs for Photovoltaics / Ramchandra Bhandari." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1016966121/34.
Повний текст джерела
12
CRESPI, GIULIA. "The role of electricity in the energy transition. A multi-dimension and multi-scale approach." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2934668.
Повний текст джерела
13
Muchawaya, Davidzo. "Energy consumption patterns in rural Zimbabwe with special reference to the role of electricity as a development incentive [electronic resource] /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09252008-151526/.
Повний текст джерела
14
Kuriakose, Jaise. "The resilience of low carbon electricity provision to climate change impacts : the role of smart grids." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-resilience-of-low-carbon-electricity-provision-to-climate-change-impacts-the-role-of-smart-grids(c139ce36-d73c-4d8b-913e-f66826496405).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The UK’s decarbonisation strategy to increasingly electrify heating and transport will change the demand requirement on the electricity system. Additionally, under a climate change future, it is projected that the decarbonised grid will need to be able to operate under higher average temperatures in the UK, increasing the need for comfort cooling during summer and leading to additional electricity demand. These new demands will result in greater variation between minimum and peak demand as well as a significant increase in overall demand. Concurrently, supply-side decarbonisation programmes may lead to more intermittent renewables such as wind, PV, tidal and wave, elevating variability in electricity generation. Coupled with the anticipated higher variation in demand this brings on several challenges in operating the electricity grid. In order to characterise these challenges this research develops a bespoke electricity dispatch model which builds on hourly models of demand and generation. The hourly demand profiles are based on a high electrification of heating, transport and cooling coupled with future temperatures premised on the UKCP09 high emission scenario climate projections. The demand profiles show a significant increase in peak demand by 2050 reaching 194 GW, mainly due to summer cooling loads which contribute 70% of the demand. The cumulative CO2 emissions budgets of the GB power sector that are consistent with avoiding global climate change to 2°C are used to develop two low carbon generation scenarios distinguished by the amount of intermittent renewable generation technologies. The dispatch model tests the capability of generation scenarios with the use of hourly generation models in meeting future demand profiles out to 2050.The outputs from dispatch model indicate that there are shortages and excesses of generation relative to demand from 2030 onwards. The variability analysis outlines low and high generation periods from intermittent technologies along with the pace at which intermittent generation increases or decreases within an hour. The characterisation of variability analysis reveals the type of reserve capacity or smart solutions that are required to maintain the security of electricity supply. The solutions that could address the challenges quantified from the model outputs in operating a decarbonised GB electricity grid are explored using expert interviews. The analysis of the stakeholder interviews suggests smart grid solutions that include technologies as well as changes in operational procedures in order to enhance the operational resilience of the grid. Active Network Management through monitoring and control, demand management, storage systems and interconnectors are proposed to address challenges arising from varying demand and generation variability.
15
Ole, Ngozi Chinwa. "The role of law in improving access to electricity through off-grid renewable energy in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239253.
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Moisanen, S. (Saara). "Information flows in the future finnish electricity market, the changing role of households in energy transition." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201903011264.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Global energy transition will have many effects on Finnish electricity grid and electricity market. One of the main changes will be transformation towards more decentralized power production and the increase in the amount of small-scale on-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Other new energy solutions, like Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS), also become more common among electricity consumers. At the same time digitalization of electricity system will change the amount, content and utilization of household data and information in electricity market. Utilization of new energy solution and digitalization of the electricity system changes information flows between future households and other electricity market parties in the future.
This thesis visualizes information flows between households and other electricity market parties in the future Finnish electricity market. Illustration is made based on literature review and interviews made with case company. Thesis first provides a research about energy transition, Smart Grids and the role of households in the future Finnish electricity market in general. The effects of these changes to information flows among market parties is evaluated based on the literature review and four case studies from experimental part. Thesis provides four case studies, in which information flows related to households who utilize new energy solutions are illustrated. Based on these illustrations, thesis analyzes the changes in information flows due to the utilization of new energy solution in households in the future.
The result of this thesis is that households with new energy solutions will produce more data than currently, and the content of this data is more diverse than before. These changes cause increase in the number of information flows among market parties in the future Finnish electricity market. The content of information flows also becomes more diverse. The broadening of utilization purposes of household data will happen due to these changes.
The results of this thesis can be applied for evaluating the possible consequences of energy transition to cooperation between future households and other electricity market parties. Result of this thesis can also be utilized in creating responsible and transparent business in the future Finnish electricity market.Tietovirrat Suomen tulevaisuuden sähkömarkkinoilla, kotitalouksien muuttuva rooli energiamurroksessa. Tiivistelmä. Globaali energiamurros vaikuttaa monin tavoin Suomen sähköverkkoon ja sähkömarkkinoihin. Yhtenä oleellisena muutoksena on hajautettuun energiantuotantoon siirtyminen ja sähköverkkoon liitetyn sähkön pientuotannon yleistyminen. Myös muut uudet energiaratkaisut, kuten kodin energianhallintajärjestelmät, yleistyvät sähkön kuluttaja-asiakkaiden keskuudessa. Samanaikaisesti sähköjärjestelmän digitalisointi muuttaa sähkömarkkinoilla hyödynnettävän kuluttajatiedon määrää, sisältöä ja hyödyntämismahdollisuuksia. Uusien energiaratkaisujen hyödyntämisen ja sähköjärjestelmän digitalisoinnin myötä tulevaisuuden kotitalouksien ja muiden sähkömarkkinaosapuolten väliset tietovirrat tulevat muuttumaan.
Tämä diplomityö visualisoi kotitalouksien ja muiden sähkömarkkinaosapuolien välisiä tietovirtoja tulevaisuuden sähkömarkkinoilla Suomessa. Visualisointi tehdään kirjallisuuskatsauksen ja energiayhtiölle toteutettavien haastattelujen perusteella. Työssä perehdytään ensin kirjallisuuskatsauksen kautta energiamurroksen tuomiin muutoksiin Suomen sähköverkkoon ja -markkinoille, sekä kotitalouksien rooliin tulevaisuudessa. Näiden muutosten tuomia mahdollisia vaikutuksia kotitalouksien tuottaman datan määrään, sisältöön ja hyödyntämiskohteisiin arvioidaan työssä kirjallisuuskatsauksen ja kokeellisen osuuden esimerkkitapausten kautta. Työn kokeellisessa osassa esitetään neljä eri esimerkkitapausta, joissa muodostettaan tietovirtakuvia kotitalouksille, jotka hyödyntävät uusia energiaratkaisuja. Havainnollistettujen tietovirtakuvien pohjalta työssä analysoidaan uusien energiaratkaisujen hyödyntämisestä aiheutuvia muutoksia markkinaosapuolten välisiin tietovirtoihin tulevaisuudessa.
Tulevaisuuden kotitaloudet Suomessa tulevat tuottamaan enemmän tietoa kuin nykypäivänä, ja tuotetun tiedon sisältö tulee olemaan laajempi kuin nykyään. Tuotetun tiedon määrän lisääntyminen ja sisällön muutos aiheuttavat tietovirtojen määrän kasvamiseen eri sähkömarkkinaosapuolien välillä. Lisäksi kotitalouksien tuottaman tiedon hyödyntämismahdollisuudet tulevat laajenemaan tulevaisuudessa.
Tämän diplomityön tuloksia voidaan soveltaa arvioitaessa energiamurroksen mahdollisia seurauksia tulevaisuuden kotitalouksien ja muiden markkinaosapuolten väliseen yhteistyöhön. Työn tuloksia voidaan myös hyödyntää vastuullisen ja läpinäkyvän liiketoiminnan luomisessa Suomen tulevaisuuden energiamarkkinoilla.
17
Madrazo, Vega Fernando. "Breaking barriers : an examination and recommendations regarding the role of clean distributed electricity generation in Mexico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113806.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 146-149).
Through the 2013 Energy Reform, the Law of Energy Transition, and the General Law of Climate Change, the policy makers in Mexico have aimed to lower electricity tariffs, generate 35% of electricity from clean energy sources by 2024, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% in 2020 and 50% in 2050 compared to greenhouse gas emissions in 2000. Furthermore, the 2013 Energy Reform aims to promote economic development and reduce electricity subsidies. In an effort to achieve these goals, policy makers have tried to diversify the country's electricity generation profile, including the promotion of clean distributed generation (DG) technologies. A broad cross section of governmental and non-governmental stakeholders has publicly supported these objectives; however, low domestic electricity prices, high system acquisition costs, and a lack of financing have and will continue to limit the deployment of clean DG systems in Mexico. Furthermore, deep penetration of clean distributed generation under current net metering policies and electricity tariff structures may actually undercut the effective operation of Mexico's electricity market by increasing operation costs and adding technical complexities to the electricity network. In this thesis, I make three short-term and one long-term recommendations to the Ministry of Energy and the Energy Regulatory Commission to promote the deployment of clean DG technologies beyond current barriers to entry and without adding economic and technical strain to the electricity industry. I recommend that these organizations (1) add clean DG to grid planning and develop a distributed energy resources strategy, (2) execute community-scale clean DG capacity auctions, (3) increase investment and financing opportunities for the public, and (4) modify electricity tariff structures and net metering policies. I hope these recommendations to the Ministry of Energy and the Energy Regulatory Commission will help the State achieve its energy policy and greenhouse gas emission reduction goals.
by Fernando Madrazo Vega.
M.C.P.
18
Aldridge, James Edward. "The role of the small-scale feed-in tariff in electricity system transition in the UK." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/11124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbon reduction commitments and renewable energy targets have become legal drivers of electricity policy in the UK. Meeting those targets will require a transition in the way that electricity is generated, supplied and consumed. This thesis argues that small-‐scale renewable electricity technologies (<5MW) could have an important role in driving that transition. The thesis evaluates the role of the feed-‐in tariff -‐ a policy mechanism designed to stimulate the deployment of small-‐scale renewable electricity technologies -‐ in electricity system transition in the UK. The research is based on empirical information generated from 37 industry interviews, observations of industry and government meetings and events, and secondary analysis of consultation responses, publications and statistics from government and the energy regulator, Ofgem. The analysis is structured with a framework that draws on transition theory and breaks down the findings into a niche (micro/developing) level, a regime (incumbent electricity system) level and a landscape (contextual) level. The thesis finds that the FIT has driven solar photovoltaic development and innovation at an unprecedented rate. The other renewable technologies supported under the FIT (wind, hydropower and anaerobic digestion) have not been as widely deployed. It is argued that additional policy support is required to overcome the non-‐financial barriers that these technologies face. The thesis concludes that the role of the FIT in system transition has been to drive a level and pace of activity in the solar sector that has demonstrated the potential for alternative generation options. This has informed the politicised debate around electricity policy in the UK but it is argued that continued, broader, stable support is required if small-‐scale renewable technologies are to have a positive role in electricity system transition. The research has relevance to both academic and policy circles focused on electricity policy, the decarbonisation of energy systems and socio-‐technical system transitions.
19
Gruenewald, Philipp. "The role of electricity storage in low carbon energy systems : techno-economic drivers and transistional barriers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11599.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
UK Government policy sets out ambitious aims to decarbonise the energy system. This requires fundamental changes to the existing energy infrastructure and electricity from low carbon sources is expected to play a major role in this transition. Electricity storage is widely believed to be able to support the integration of low carbon technologies. So far, the installation of wind power in the UK has not led to any significant deployment of additional storage capacity. Investors still regard electricity storage as too expensive. As more low carbon technologies are deployed, the need for storage may increase. How do these developments affect the role for electricity storage in future UK energy systems? This thesis addresses this question by combining technical, economic and social approaches. A techno-economic model has been developed to examine the commercial opportunities for electricity storage in future scenarios. A socio-technical perspective of technological transition complements this approach. Stakeholders have informed the analysis on the uptake of storage through a workshop and interviews. The results point towards a significant increase in the gross value of electricity storage, even at modest efficiencies, especially within highly renewables based scenarios. However, the concept of storing electricity is poorly aligned with existing institutions and regulatory structures. Despite the potential increase in value, electricity storage may fail to be adopted in the best societal interest. Path dependency may lead to the deployment of established alternative solutions, or favour storage technologies with unnecessarily high performance. This thesis concludes that if electricity storage is to play an effective role as part of a low carbon transition, long term developments would need to be considered as part of a strategic policy framework. These may need to address commercial as well as institutional barriers to deployment.
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SASSO, Loredana. "The new entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process. Assessing the role of public intervention on the electricity market." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/30391.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The topic of the thesis is the opportunity recognition process with a special focus on the electricity market. The paper is organized in three big chapters.
The first one contains an extensive literature review about the opportunity recognition process. An insight in recent entrepreneurship research shows an increasing number of contributions and a considerable academic interest for the phenomenon. This work concentrates on the existence, discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities.
The second chapter considers a set of about fifty entrepreneurs operating in technological fields and investigates, through detailed interviews using Grounded Theory, exactly the path through which the individual becomes entrepreneur. Using some theoretical models, that jointly consider the role of entrepreneurs and of opportunities, a deepen comprehension of the phenomenon has been reached. Also a quantitative approach, using a factor analysis, highlights the existence of latent factors and regularities drawing the process of opportunity recognition: in particular the ones referring to education reinforce the idea that it is possible to create a fertile environment for entrepreneurship.
The third chapter deepens the previous analysis through the study of a specific industry: the electricity market. The study aims to identify suitable regulatory frameworks and business models for transmission investment to enable international exchange and local use of renewable energy across the EU and MENA regions. In particular the analysis explores how policy frameworks can support the discovery of some opportunities and the rise of some entrepreneurial projects. This research has its roots in the guidelines suggested by the European Union to overcome the actual crisis enhancing innovation, through new entrepreneurship and SMEs, and competitiveness, through sustainable development and cost savings especially about energy.
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Hughes, Nicholas. "The role of transmission networks in the evolution of a low carbon electricity system in the UK." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/28954.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The UK's commitments to addressing climate change require a radical restructuring of the electricity sector. This thesis examines what role the electricity transmission networks could play in this transformation. In order to examine the possible role of policy making within a socio-technical system under conditions of long-term uncertainty, a novel scenario method is developed which accounts for political values, actor dynamics and technological networks. The approach is used to examine possible pathways for the electricity transmission network within alternative policy value-sets, which are defined by the level of locational signal provided to generators in respect of their network usage, and the degree of anticipatory or strategic planning involved in network policy. The scenarios emphasise the importance of a locational signal which acts at the operational timescale as well as the investment timescale. They also suggest a role for strategic coordination, particularly to join up planning across onshore, offshore and interconnector regimes. However, due to the range of possible generation and network configurations the scenarios span, they do not support the idea of a central design authority working to a single network blueprint. Specific policy recommendations aim to incorporate these suggestions within the grain of the existing policy trajectory and its prevailing value system. The two principle policy recommendations are therefore, the inclusion of a locational signal within the BSUoS charge in order to better reflect network usage at the operational timescale, and the establishment of an independent body with a remit to identify and contribute needs cases for cross-regime strategic coordination opportunities. The latter recommendation could be achieved with some adaption and clarification of the remit of the ENSG.
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Bagherian, Jila. "The role of offshore wind development in the UK socio-technical transition towards a low carbon electricity system." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/61148/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A growing recognition of anthropogenic climate change has led to carbon reduction and renewable energy targets being institutionalised within the UK’s energy policy. Meeting these targets will require a fundamental restructuring of the current electricity system to allow for the long term sustainability of electricity generation. This thesis argues that large scale electricity generation from offshore wind technology will have a key role in driving the sustainability transition within the electricity system. It is argued that the offshore wind technology, like other technologies, is embedded in wider social, political and economic institutions. This means that offshore wind is a socio-technical system and its development involves interactions between the technical and non-technical elements which are socially constructed within existing institutions. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the interaction between technology, institutions and actors in the sustainability transition of the electricity system. The thesis plans to fulfil methodological insights to investigate the factors that affect the development of the offshore wind system within a socio-technical transition towards sustainability in the electricity system. For this purpose, empirical data were generated from 41 semi-structured interviews with principal decision makers in industry and local authority positions, observations of industry and government events, and industry reports and related policy document analysis. The analysis employs a novel analytical framework that draws from two established theories in the literature: the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) and Social Construction of Technological System (SCOT), and incorporates insights from transition studies. This thesis finds a new form of interactions between socio-technical elements of the system in the UK energy transition which leads to different transition pathways to a low carbon electricity system with regard to offshore wind development. The thesis provides a broad understanding of the development of the offshore wind system within the processes of socio-technical transition towards sustainability as well as within the UK’s energy policy. A number of policy implications and recommendations are also made of relevance to a broad academic and policy focused audience.
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Callwood, Concha Maria. "The role of legislative processes and electric utilities in effecting global environmental goals." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-063050/.
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Rosen, Johannes. "The future role of renewable energy sources in European electricity supply A model-based analysis for the EU-15 /." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98936058X/04.
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Rosen, Johannes. "The future role of renewable energy sources in European electricity supply : a model based analysis for the EU-15 /." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989626571/34.
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Boisseleau, François. "The role of power exchanges for the creation of a single European electricity market : market design and market regulation." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090012.
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Dass, Ted K. "Human resource processes and the role of the human resources function during mergers and acquisitions in the electricity industry." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1227303612.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisor: Ralph Katerberg PhD (Committee Chair), Paula Dubeck PhD (Committee Member), Gail Fairhurst PhD (Committee Member), Joseph Gallo PhD (Committee Member), Suzanne Masterson PhD (Committee Member), Philip Way PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Jan. 17, 2009). Keywords: mergers and acquisitions; HR; HR processes; case study; HR function. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Llovera, Bonmatí Albert. "Market role, profitability and competitive features of thermal power plants in the Swedish future electricity market with high renewable integration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-330392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Swedish energy market is currently undergoing a transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, including a potential phase-out of nuclear power. The combination of a phase-out with expansion of intermittent renewable energy leads to the issue of increased fluctuations in electricity production. Energy-related organizations and institutions are projecting future Swedish energy scenarios with different possible transition pathways. In this study the market role of thermal power plants is assessed in two future scenarios. The fast start-up time of gas turbines means that they can balance out fluctuations. Given that a large share of reports already studies costs of the system, this report instead investigates the profitability, potential market roles, and competitive features of these technologies in the future market.
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Hedelius, Elina, and Sara Nilsson. "Effects of Job Design and Sales Managers' Behavior on Intrinsic Motivation, Customer Orientation and Performance of Salespeople : - A quantitative study in the Swedish electricity market." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of job design and sales managers’ behavior on intrinsic motivation and customer orientation of salespeople. Furthermore, we aim to examine if any of the factors included in our model have an effect on performance of Company X’s salespeople. Thus, our research questions are: What impacts do job design and sales managers’ behaviors have on intrinsic motivation and customer orientation of salespeople? What kind of differences exist between high- and low performance sales teams considering these factors? Our study has been carried out on commission for Company X where we studied their Customer Service salespeople, which are working in a business to consumer context in the Swedish electricity market. The study makes theoretical contributions to motivation research in the field of Selling and Sales management by developing and testing a conceptual model with a unique combination of motivating variables. Our model was inspired by Hackman and Oldham’s (1980) Job Characteristics Model, but we extended this model and added organizational variables that had not been examined in relation to this model by prior research. Thus, no previous research has, to our knowledge, tested the effects of our chosen variables of job design and sales managers behavior on intrinsic motivation and customer orientation. To deepen our study and our understanding of what effect our variables of job design and sales managers behavior have on performance, we received secondary data from Company X. This additional data analysis enabled us to compare whether there were differences across our key variables between sales teams with high performance and low performance. We adopted a quantitative strategy and data collection method. Thus, we distributed questionnaires to our target population – salespeople working in Company X Customer Service. Both primary and secondary data were entered and processed by the statistical analysis program SPSS. On our primary data we performed Cronbach's alpha tests, cross-tabulations, bivariate regression analysis and multiple regression analysis to test hypothesized effects. Our secondary data in combination with our primary data were analyzed by a two-sample t-test to identify differences between high-, and low performance teams. Our hypotheses were partially supported and findings showed that the critical psychological states: experienced meaningfulness and experienced responsibility had positive effects on intrinsic motivation. Experienced responsibility in combination with role ambiguity had positive effects on customer orientation. Similarly, intrinsic motivation was found to affect customer orientation. The other variables of job design and sales managers’ behavior were not found to have significant effects on intrinsic motivation and customer orientation. Variables affecting performance were coaching; positive behavioral feedback and role ambiguity, and they differed significantly between high-, and low performance teams. Our study provides practical recommendations for Company X and other companies in the electricity market. Our findings can be used to improve marketing strategies and motivation of salespeople in other business to consumer contexts.
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Bourdeau-Rancoule, Christine. "Comportement et role des hydrometeores dans l'initialisation des decharges au sein des nuages orageux." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Une presentation des generalites concernant l'electricite des orages, les hydrometeores et le corona est faite dans la premiere partie. La mise au point d'un dispositif experimental de creation d'un champ electrique intense a partir d'electrodes dielectriques prealablement chargees par corona d'une pointe, a ete effectuee. Ce dispositif permet d'etudier le comportement d'hydrometeores ou d'objets les simulant, places dans le champ electrique. D'autre part, la mise au point de logiciels a permis une etude theorique des renforcements de champs et de la charge maximale limitee par l'effet corona, qu'un hydrometeore peut conserver. Une etude experimentale de la charge maximale d'un objet place dans un faisceau d'ions a permis de calculer le champ electrique existant dans celui-ci en polarites positive et negative. En outre, la charge acquise par emission propre corona de l'objet, a ete plus particulierement etudiee. Un second modele a permis de calculer la deformation subie par des gouttes d'eau precipitantes chargees ou non, sous l'effet d'un champ electrique environnant. Ces resultats, lies aux conditions de temperature et de pression existant dans les cumulonimbus permettent de mettre en evidence les zones nuageuses les plus favorables a l'initialisation des decharges
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Bökenkamp, Gesine [Verfasser]. "The role of norwegian hydro storage in future renewable electricity supply systems in Germany : analysis with a simulation model / Gesine Bökenkamp." Flensburg : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Flensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1126260185/34.
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Fransson, Jimmy. "Market Role, Profitability, and Competitive Features of Combined Heat and Power Plants in the Swedish Future Electricity Market with High Renewable Integration." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217920.
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Rosen, Johannes [Verfasser]. "The future role of renewable energy sources in European electricity supply : a model-based analysis for the EU-15 / by Johannes Rosen." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989626571/34.
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Picciano, Paul D. "A Clean Electricity Future: Assessing the Role of Wide-Area Power System Operations in Supporting Weather-Driven Renewable Energy in the U.S." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the coming decades, renewable energy sources, namely wind and solar, will need to play a larger role in our nation’s energy mix as we seek to lower greenhouse emissions and respond to renewable energy policies and the EPA’s Clean Power Plan. This thesis assesses the role of wider-area power system operations in the U.S. as a powerful solution in supporting the integration of these weather-driven, variable energy resources that pose substantial challenges to grid reliability. The expansion and integration of organized electricity markets and transmission networks over wider geographic areas can (1) help reduce net-variability in wind and solar power generation while improving reliability; (2) provide an outlet for over-generation while reducing curtailment; (3) improve resource utilization while enabling resource sharing and lowering electricity costs; and (4) enable low-cost pollution reduction by providing a cheap alternative to fossil-fuel generation. Through power industry assessment, case-study analyses, and modeling research using NOAA’s National Energy with Weather System Simulator to compare scenarios of regional expansion versus a nation power system, this paper evaluates the feasibility and role of wide-area expansion and integration in achieving higher levels of variable renewable energy than our current system is capable of supporting.
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Huang, Zhixing. "Cost-Effectiveness of Electricity Energy Efficiency Programs: Demand-Side Management's (DSM) Future Role in Energy Markets and Feasibility of Smart Meters in New York City." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis advisor: Scott FulfordCan smart metering program and time-of-use (TOU) prices help reduce energy consumption in New York City? Being able to track electricity consumption levels and to modify consumer usage patterns are important for policy makers to efficiently manage the energy markets. Unfortunately, no reliable and up-to-date data have been brought to bear on this question. I study the effects of time-of-use (TOU) prices and smart metering for the residents of Shanghai and I investigate further what can policy makers do in order to adapt and transfer this successful DSM experience from Shanghai to the residential sector in New York City. The primary objective of my study is to characterize the realistic short-term and long-term potential for the smart metering program in New York City given my empirical findings that the smart metering program has had brought great benefits to the residents of Shanghai. People respond to incentives; if electricity is charged at different prices throughout a day, consumers are likely to shift their usage to when it is cheaper. My findings suggest that policy makers should think harder about designing a pricing scheme that can optimize the social plus
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
Discipline: Economics
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Lehmann, Desmond E. "The impact of corporatisation and management reform on the role and working life of managers in an Australian electricity utility: A triangulated study, 1994-2002." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/823.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For decades electricity has been a critical source of energy for all major industries, nationally and internationally. In 2002 the Australian electricity supply industry had assets in excess of $86 billion and accounted for more than 1.4 percent of gross domestic product. It is a major employer with more than 33,000 people serving more than 8 million customers. This study explores the impact of corporatisation and management reform on the role and working life of managers within the broader context of this industry. It is an industry identified by academics, commentators and the business media over the past two decades as one of poor management performance and inefficiencies - often seen as significant contributors to historically high electricity costs to consumers in Australia. As a result, electricity utility reform has been high on the agenda of national and state governments from the early 1980's and throughout the 1990's. Macro and micro economic reforms driven by significant government sponsored reports were considered central to Australia's efforts to improve its economic position. Underpinning this orthodoxy was the call for managerial responsibilities and incentives for managers of public utilities to be redefined in accord with the government's objectives. Managerialism became the ideological driver for management reform and corporatisation. This in tum became the major change process employed by state governments seeking micro (agency level) economic reforms. These economic reforms incorporated efficiency, productivity and contestability considerations in line with National Competition Policy.
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Mmola, Dinkgolang Matildah. "An assessment of the role played by Polokwane Local Municipality in service delivery within Manthorwane Community of Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/760.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.DEV.) --University of Limpopo, 2012The main purpose of this study was to assess the role played by Polokwane Local Municipality in delivery of basic services such as water, sanitation, electricity , and housing in the village of Manthorwane, Limpopo Province. It was of critical importance for the researcher to investigate this area, as there was no study done before related to basic services delivery. The objectives of the study were ,to assess the extent to which the municipality is providing basic services, investigate the strength, weaknesses , examine the impact of the Municipality‘s role in the development of Manthorwane Village and recommending strategies for enhancing the level of basic service delivery. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used because the study combines the use of instruments and methods for measurement and the way the researcher interacts with the people. Interviewees and questionnaires were used to understand the community’s feeling towards delivery of basic services. The researcher has gone through a detailed process of investigation, where it is found that there is no delivery of basic services (electricity, sanitation, housing). Only water has been provided in this village. The researcher also discovered that there are no valid reasons why the Polokwane Municipality has not delivered the services above. It is also revealed that there are no stakeholder’s participation and consultations meetings when the decisions for service delivery are taken. Evaluation and monitoring tools are not applied when implementing projects. There are some recommendations proposed to the municipality. The municipality could intensify their training process in a way in which the officials could be productive to the community. Transparency must always be practiced for the municipality to excel in their delivery services. Intergovernmental relationship is also encouraged. Awareness programs must be done effectively so that the community is aware of all activities done in their area.
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Michalski, Jan [Verfasser], Gunther [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Friedl, and David [Gutachter] Wozabal. "The Role of Energy Storage Technologies for the Integration of Renewable Electricity into the German Energy System / Jan Michalski ; Gutachter: David Wozabal, Gunther Friedl ; Betreuer: Gunther Friedl." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121780334/34.
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Michalski, Jan Verfasser], Gunther [Akademischer Betreuer] [Friedl, and David [Gutachter] Wozabal. "The Role of Energy Storage Technologies for the Integration of Renewable Electricity into the German Energy System / Jan Michalski ; Gutachter: David Wozabal, Gunther Friedl ; Betreuer: Gunther Friedl." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20161115-1320110-1-8.
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Kovačovská, Lenka. "Role a vliv zájmových skupin v procesu formování vnitřního trhu s elektřinou a zemním plynem EU. Případová studie přípravy a schvalování 3. liberalizačního balíčku." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-163046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis analyses influence of actors in the regulatory mode of legislative process of the EU on a case study of liberalisation and integration of the Internal Market in electricity and natural gas. The Internal Market is regarded as an example of postmodern international system. Key arenas used for analysis of individual actors and their partial interests and goals (including ways of their pursuing) are national, regional and supranational.
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Louis, J. N. (Jean-Nicolas). "Dynamic environmental indicators for smart homes:assessing the role of home energy management systems in achieving decarbonisation goals in the residential sector." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526214535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Achieving the objective of a decarbonised economy by 2050 will require massive efforts in the energy sector. Emissions from residential houses will have to be almost completely cut, by around 90% by 2050. Home automation is a potential tool for achieving this goal. However, the environmental and economic benefits of automation technologies first need to be assessed. This thesis evaluates the impact of home automation for electricity management in the residential sector using environmental and economic indicators. To this end, a life cycle assessment was performed to evaluate the impacts of the manufacturing, use and disposal phases. The influences of end-user behaviour, household size and multiple levels of technological deployment were also investigated. A Markov chain simulation tool, built on the MatLab platform, was developed to assess all possible combinations of impacting factors. Dynamic environmental indicators were developed based on the ReCiPe method for aggregating the impacts of processes. All these indicators were then combined to form a single index based on multi-criteria acceptability analysis. The results suggest that home automation can decrease peak load, but that overall electricity consumption may increase due to electricity use by the actual automation system. The effect of home automation was more noticeable in larger households than in one-person households. In addition, use of dynamic environmental indicators proved more relevant than fixed indicators to represent the environmental impact of home automation. Within the life cycle of automation technology, the manufacturing phase had the highest impact, but most of the CO2 emissions originated from the use phase. In conclusion, the most important environmental benefit of home automation is reducing CO2 emissions during peak time by load shiftingTiivistelmä Vähähiilisen talouden saavuttaminen vuoteen 2050 mennessä edellyttää valtavia ponnisteluja energia-alalla. Rakennuksista aiheutuvia päästöjä on vähennettävä radikaalisti, jopa 90 % vuoteen 2050 mennessä. Rakennusten energiatehokkuutta edistävä automaatiotekniikka on yksi keino tämän päämäärän saavuttamiseen. Kotiautomaation kautta voidaan sekä vähentää energian kokonaiskulutusta että tasoittaa energiankäyttöprofiilia. On kuitenkin tutkittava myös, mitkä ovat automaatiotekniikan ympäristö- ja taloudelliset vaikutukset. Tässä työssä käsitellään kotiautomaation vaikutusta sähkön kulutuksen hallintaan asuinrakennuksissa käyttämällä ympäristö- ja talousindikaattoreita. Tätä varten suoritettiin kotiautomaation elinkaariarviointi selvittämällä laitteiden valmistus-, käyttö- ja hävittämisvaiheiden ympäristövaikutukset. Työssä tarkasteltiin myös asukkaiden käyttäytymisen, kotitalouden koon ja eri teknologiavaihtoehtojen vaikutuksia ympäristö- ja talousvaikutuksiin. Arviointi suoritettiin Markovin ketjun simulointityökalulla, joka rakennettiin Matlab-alustalle. Dynaamisia ympäristömittareita kehitettiin ReCiPe-menetelmää käyttäen. Indikaattorit on edelleen yhdistetty yhdeksi indeksiksi käyttäen monikriteeriarviointia. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että huippukuormitusta voidaan vähentää käyttämällä kotiautomaatiota, mutta sähkön kokonaiskulutus voi kasvaa automaatiojärjestelmän sähkönkulutuksen takia. Kotiautomaation vaikutukset ovat eniten havaittavissa suurissa kotitalouksissa. Lisäksi, dynaamiset indikaattorit edustavat paremmin kotiautomaation vaikutusta ympäristöön kuin staattiset indikaattorit. Automaatioteknologian elinkaaressa suurimmat ympäristövaikutukset ovat valmistusvaiheessa, mutta CO2-päästöjä syntyy eniten käyttövaiheessa. Lopuksi voidaan todeta, että kotiautomaation merkittävin ympäristöhyöty on CO2-päästöjen vähentäminen huippukulutuksen aikana siirtämällä kuormitusta toiseen ajankohtaan
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Rundqvist, Diana. "En studie om att undersöka förskolebarns meningsskapande kring statisk elektricitet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study is to investigate how preschool children, aged 3-5 years, create meaning of static electricity in an activity led by a pedagogue, how this is expressed and what part the pedagogue takes in children’s meaning making. The method used was participant observation and video camera was used to document a designed activity. The observations took place at four occasions with four different groups and the observations was conducted in different rooms of various sizes, which were provided by the preschool. Equipment used in this study are: Balloons, pvc-pipes, salt, different kinds of papers, aluminum cans and thin plastic bags. Results in this study show that the children create meaning of the activity first and foremost by exploring interplay and conversations. They solve the task at hand working together and with support of the pedagogue. The role of pedagogue in the children’s meaning making is to present tasks which have moderate levels of difficulties, and to direct the children’s focus by using questions concerning the current phenomenon. In so doing, they support the children to succeed. Factors of importance for the children’s meaning making is to be given the opportunity to explore, their curiosity, joy and being heard.
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Sobótka, Michał. "Roles of performance measurement in the management of gas and electricity distribution companies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252108.
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Bjerre, Gustav, and Daniel Granath. "Flexibilitetsmarknaders roll för att överkomma kapacitetsbrist i lokala elnät : En studie om konceptets möjligheter och utmaningar på aktörsnivå och marknadsnivå." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176252.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flera svenska storstadsregioner har börjat nå taket för nätkapacitet i elnäten, ett problem som även kallas kapacitetsbrist. Problemet med kapacitetsbrist grundar sig i de förändringar som sker för elproduktionen, med exempelvis en ökande grad av förnyelsebar, intermittent elproduktion, och förändringar i efterfrågan i och med samhällets ökande grad av elektrifiering. För att hantera och överkomma kapacitetsbrist har elnätsbolag traditionellt sett byggt ut elnätet för att därmed har möjlighet att leverera effekt under årets alla dagar, en metod som har långa ledtider och har höga investeringskostnader. Den accelererade problematiken kring kapacitetsbrist sätter ett förändringstryck på elsystemet och i synnerhet elnätsbolagen att hantera problemet. Ett alternativ till att hantera kapacitetsbrist är för elnätsbolag att upphandla flexibilitetstjänster. Det är en lösning som anses som resurseffektiv och samhällsekonomisk i förhållande till konventionell nätutbyggnad. Flexibilitet i elsystemet innebär aktörers medvetna förändring i elproduktion eller efterfrågan av effekt som avser att stabilisera elsystemet. Genom en flexibilitetsmarknad kan elnätsbolag ge aktörer incitament att erbjuda sin flexibilitet mot betalning och därmed hantera kapacitetsbrist när det behövs. I det här examensarbetet har syftet varit att studera flexibilitetsmarknaders roll i att överkomma kapacitetsbrist i lokala elnät och vad konceptet innebär för möjligheter och utmaningar på aktörsnivå och övergripande marknadsnivå. Genom kvalitativa forskningsmetoder, semi-strukturerade intervjuer, litteratur- och dokumentstudier, har författarna kartlagt kunskapsläget om flexibilitetsmarknader och konceptets innebörd för enskilda aktörer. Examensarbetet presenterar även ett teoretiskt ramverk av ekonomisk teori som syftar till att ge större förståelse för marknadens etableringsprocess och vilka eventuella marknadsmisslyckanden som riskerar att ske. En förstudie har genomförts där två aktiva projekt, CoordiNet och Sthlmflex, av flexibilitetsmarknader i Sverige har studerats för att identifiera insikter om flexibilitetsmarknaders möjligheter och utmaningar. Vidare utfördes en semi-strukturerad intervjustudie med 15 olika företag i Göteborg, en region som ännu inte har en flexibilitetsmarknad, för att studera olika aktörers drivkrafter och hinder för att medverka på en flexibilitetsmarknad. Företagen var kategoriserade i fem olika segment; industrier, hamnindustrier, fastighetsbolag, elnätsbolag och aggregatorer. Resultatet från förstudien visar på att de existerande flexibilitetmarknaderna har varit viktiga för deltagande aktörer att lära sig förstå hur de bör arbeta med en flexibilitetsmarknad som en del av verksamheten. Det har visat sig existera ett antal utmaningar i projekten som exempelvis bristfällig kommunikation, avsaknad av automatiserade processer och låg likviditet på marknaderna. I intervjustudien kunde det urskiljas att de flesta industrier, hamnindustrier och fastighetsbolag har flexibilitetsresurser och potential för att medverka som leverantörer på en flexibilitetsmarknad. Hos samma segment identifierades dock hinder gällande bristen på teknisk utrustning för att kunna erbjuda flexibilitet och en osäkerhet kring ersättningsnivån som kan väntas från flexibilitetmarknaden för flexibilitetsleverantörer. Elnätsbolag ser flexibilitetsmarknader som ett bra alternativ till att hantera kapacitetsbrist och att potentialen är stor för framtiden. Aggregatorer tros ha en betydande roll på flexibilitetsmarknader och vara en möjliggörare för aktörer med mindre resurser och begränsad kunskap. Totalt var 12 av 15 tillfrågade företagen intresserade av att delta på en flexibilitets-marknad i Göteborg. Utifrån teori kan flexibilitetsmarknader ses som en innovativ marknad och att etableringsprocessen innebär olika marknadsstabiliserande aktioner. Flexibilitetsmarknader innebär även ett behov av innovativa affärsmodeller för marknadsaktörerna. Med hänsyn till hinder och utmaningar som identifierats hos flexibilitetsmarknaderna under examensarbetet existerar risker för eventuella marknadsmisslyckanden, orsakade av asymmetrisk information, transaktionskostnader, begränsad rationalitet och externaliteter.Several Swedish metropolitan regions have begun facing issues regarding the capacity in the power grid, a problem that is also known as capacity shortage. The problem of capacity shortage is based on several changes within the power system, for example, an increasing degree of renewable, intermittent electricity production, and society's increasing degree of electrification. In order to manage capacity shortages, power grid companies have traditionally expanded the power grid to be able to deliver power during all hours of the year, a method that has long lead times and high investment costs. The accelerated problem of capacity shortages puts pressure for change in the power system, and in particular the power grid companies to deal with the problem. An alternative in managing capacity shortages is for power grid companies to purchase flexibility services. It is a solution that is referred to as a more sustainable, resource efficient and socio-economic in relation to conventional power grid expansion. Flexibility in the power system can be seen as changes in the electricity production or the demand for power that intends to stabilize the power system. In a flexibility market, power grid companies can give companies incentives to offer their flexibility against payment and thus handle capacity shortages when needed. The purpose of the thesis has been to study the role of flexibility markets in overcoming capacity shortages in local power grids, and the concept’s opportunities and challenges for different actors and from a market perspective. Through qualitative research methods, semi-structured interviews, literature- and document studies, the authors have mapped the state of knowledge about flexibility markets and the concept's meaning for the power system. The thesis also presents a theoretical framework of economic theory that aims to provide a greater understanding of the market's establishment process and what possible market failures that are likely to occur. A pre-study has been carried out where two projects, CoordiNet and Sthlmflex, of flexibility markets in Sweden have been studied to identify insights into the concept’s opportunities and challenges. Furthermore, a semi-structured interview study was conducted with 15 different companies in Gothenburg, a region that does not yet have a flexibility market, to study companies’ drivers and obstacles to participate in a flexibility market. The companies were categorized into five different segments: industries, port industries, real estate companies, power grid companies and aggregators. The results from the pre-study show that the existing flexibility markets have been important for participating players to understand how they should integrate a flexibility market as a part of their businesses. It has been shown that there are several challenges in the flexibility projects, such as inadequate communication, lack of automated processes and low liquidity on the markets. In the interview study, it could be discerned that most industries, port industries and real estate companies have flexibility resources and potential to participate as flexibility providers in a flexibility market. In the same segments, obstacles were identified regarding the lack of technical equipment to be able to offer flexibility and an uncertainty about the level of remuneration that can be expected from the flexibility market for flexibility providers. Power grid companies sees flexibility markets as a good alternative for managing capacity shortages and that the potential is great for the future. Aggregators are believed to play a significant role in flexibility markets and be an enabler for companies with smaller flexibility resources and limited knowledge. In total, 12 of the 15 companies surveyed were interested in participating in a flexibility market in Gothenburg. Based on theory, a flexibility market can be seen as an innovative market and that the establishment process involves various market stabilizing actions. Flexibility markets also imply a need for innovative business models for market participants. Regarding the obstacles and challenges identified in the flexibility markets during the thesis, there are risks of market failure caused by asymmetric information, high transaction costs, bounded rationality, and externalities.
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Nönnig, Constanze. "Die Rolle kommunaler Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen im Zentrum einer kooperativen Aufgabenerledigung zwischen Staat und Privatwirtschaft im Bereich der örtlichen Elektrizitätsversorgung." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-82205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die Verantwortung der Kommunen für die Versorgung der örtlichen Bevölkerung mit Elektrizität: Woraus kann sie hergeleitet werden, welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich aus ihr für die Kommunen und welche Bedeutung kommt hierbei der Kooperation mit der Privatwirtschaft zu? Die in drei Teile gegliederte Arbeit befasst sich in ihrem ersten Teil mit den allgemeinen Grundlagen und der Entwicklung kommunaler Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen. Im zweiten Teil geht es um die gesetzlichen Zielvorgaben in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft und die kommunale Verantwortung für ihr Erreichen. Der dritte Teil schließlich befasst sich mit den Voraussetzungen kooperativer Staatstätigkeit und dem Potenzial der Anwendung von Kooperationsmodellen im Bereich der örtlichen ElektrizitätsversorgungThe dissertation ist focused on the responsibility of municipalities to supply local populations with electricity: Where can it be derived from, what consequences for municipalities arise from it and what role does the cooperation with private sector have in this context? The thesis is divided into three parts; the first part deals with the basic principles and the development of municipal electric utilities. The second part focuses on both statutory normative targets in the electricity supply industry and the municipality's responsibility to achieve them. Finally, the third part discusses the preconditions of cooperative government activity and the potential of cooperation models for application to local power supply
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Jurča, Ondřej. "Ustálený chod a zkratové poměry v síti 110 kV E.ON napájené z rozvodny 110 kV Otrokovice v roce 2011." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Distribution network 110 kV owned by E. ON in the area Otrokovice; powered by 110 kV and two variants of involvement contained.The first option is basic involvement, without the use of the bridge. The second option includes involvement with the bridge. The aim of this study is to compare; by calculating the steady-state network operation and short circuit conditions of the network, the involvement of these two options. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part consists of a description of the steady operation of networks of high-voltage and short circuit ratio calculations. Load flow calculations are described by the Gauss-Seidel and Newton iterative method. In the case of short-circuit conditions, the effects of their characteristic values, processes and various methods of calculation are described.In the second part, this theoretical knowledge is applied to input data and dispatching programme with the appropriate calculations of network operation and short circuit conditions. The calculated values are listed in the thesis, on the basis of which an evaluation of the two possible connections is made.
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Nönnig, Constanze. "Die Rolle kommunaler Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen im Zentrum einer kooperativen Aufgabenerledigung zwischen Staat und Privatwirtschaft im Bereich der örtlichen Elektrizitätsversorgung." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2011. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19647.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die Verantwortung der Kommunen für die Versorgung der örtlichen Bevölkerung mit Elektrizität: Woraus kann sie hergeleitet werden, welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich aus ihr für die Kommunen und welche Bedeutung kommt hierbei der Kooperation mit der Privatwirtschaft zu? Die in drei Teile gegliederte Arbeit befasst sich in ihrem ersten Teil mit den allgemeinen Grundlagen und der Entwicklung kommunaler Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen. Im zweiten Teil geht es um die gesetzlichen Zielvorgaben in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft und die kommunale Verantwortung für ihr Erreichen. Der dritte Teil schließlich befasst sich mit den Voraussetzungen kooperativer Staatstätigkeit und dem Potenzial der Anwendung von Kooperationsmodellen im Bereich der örtlichen Elektrizitätsversorgung.The dissertation ist focused on the responsibility of municipalities to supply local populations with electricity: Where can it be derived from, what consequences for municipalities arise from it and what role does the cooperation with private sector have in this context? The thesis is divided into three parts; the first part deals with the basic principles and the development of municipal electric utilities. The second part focuses on both statutory normative targets in the electricity supply industry and the municipality's responsibility to achieve them. Finally, the third part discusses the preconditions of cooperative government activity and the potential of cooperation models for application to local power supply.
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Ferreira, Paula Varandas. "Electricity power planning in Portugal: the role of wind energy." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/7816.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Económica - Engenharia Produção e SistemasEnergy decisions play a major role in the achievement of sustainable development and consequently on the economic, environmental and social welfare of future generations. Combining energy efficiency with renewable energy resources constitutes a key strategy for a sustainable future, emphasised in the European and Portuguese policy guidelines. The wind power sector stands out as a fundamental element for the achievement of the European renewable objectives. Currently, most of the energy planning models focus predominantly on the economic and environmental dimensions of the problem. Although recognised as important, the social aspects of energy decisions are not fully integrated into the available decision aids for planners. The main contribution of this thesis is to provide a new integrated tool for decision makers engaged in long term electricity planning. An Integrated Electricity Planning Model (IEPM) was developed accommodating environmental, economic and social issues. The proposed approach involves complex optimisation models for cost, and emissions objective functions based on the mathematical description of the electricity system. Linear and non-linear optimisation models were developed establishing the link between the cost of generation and CO2 emissions. In addition, a value judgment assessment of each of the possible generation technologies was obtained by a combination of Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process to develop Social Indices for the proposed technologies. From these models possible generation plans are developed for a 10 year planning period, and their financial, CO2 emissions and social impacts are assessed and fully integrated into the final optimising decision tool. For the implementation of the IEPM, details of the Portuguese electricity system were obtained from official sources and from experts’ collaboration. According to the official reports, the increasing demand for electricity in Portugal over the next ten years will be mainly supported by new investments in coal, natural gas, wind and hydro power technologies. The rising trend of the installed wind power is analysed resulting in new insights that demonstrate the need to address the impact that energy sources with variable output may have, not only on the short-term dispatching process, but especially on the medium to long range planning activities. The study of the Portuguese case concludes that while wind power influences significantly the power system operation and it is not free of negative social impacts, it has a fundamental role in future electricity plans, particularly in regard to meeting the renewable and Kyoto protocol commitments. Although it was applied to Portugal, the proposed methodology may be used in other regions or countries if adapted to the specific features of each individual energy system under analysis. On the whole, the proposed methodology gives the decision maker a better understanding of the system characteristics and of the full impact of possible decisions, and in doing so, makes a valuable contribution to the selection of long term sustainable energy plans.
As decisões no sector energético têm um papel fundamental na consecução de um desenvolvimento sustentado, influenciando decisivamente o bem estar económico, ambiental e social das gerações futuras. A combinação da eficiência energética com fontes de energia renováveis representa uma estratégia chave para um futuro sustentado, enfatizada nas políticas orientadoras Europeias e Portuguesas. O sector eólico destaca-se como um elemento essencial na concretização dos objectivos traçados para as energias renováveis ao nível da União Europeia. Actualmente a maioria dos modelos de planeamento energético centram-se predominantemente nas dimensões económica e ambiental. Apesar de reconhecidamente importantes, os aspectos sociais não estão ainda totalmente integrados nos sistemas de apoio à decisão aplicados ao sector da energia. A principal contribuição desta tese é a de dotar os decisores de uma nova ferramenta para apoio ao planeamento eléctrico de longo prazo, integrando variáveis ambientais, económicas e sociais. A abordagem apresentada envolve modelos complexos de optimização de funções objectivo custo e emissões, baseadas na descrição matemática do sistema eléctrico. Foram desenvolvidos modelos de optimização linear e não linear, estabelecendo-se a relação entre os custos de produção de energia eléctrica e emissões de dioxido de carbono associadas. Adicionalmente, a combinação do método Delphi com o Processo de Análise Hierárquica permitiu estimar e analisar julgamentos de valor relativamente aos impactos das possíveis tecnologias de geração de electricidade, resultando em Índices Sociais associados a cada uma destas tecnologias. A partir destes modelos são desenvolvidos possíveis planos para geração de electricidade para um período de 10 anos, sendo os respectivos impactos sociais analisados e integrados na decisão final. A implementação do Sistema Integrado para Planeamento Eléctrico, implicou uma recolha detalhada de informação relativa ao sistema eléctrico Português recorrendo a fontes oficiais e a especialistas na matéria. De acordo com os relatórios oficiais, o aumento de consumo de electricidade em Portugal durante os próximos 10 anos, será essencialmente suportado por novos investimentos em centrais a carvão, gás natural, energia eólica e hídrica. O esperado aumento da potência eólica instalada é analisado, demonstrando-se a necessidade de considerar o impacto que as fontes energéticas de produção variável terão, não apenas na gestão de curto prazo do sistema eléctrico, mas especialmente no planeamento a médio e longo prazo. Do estudo do caso Português conclui-se que a energia eólica tem um impacto significativo ao nível da gestão das operações do sistema eléctrico e não pode ser considerada livre de impactos sociais adversos. No entanto, a energia eólica tem também um papel fundamental no futuro sistema eléctrico Nacional, particularmente para atingir as metas traçadas pelo protocolo de Kyoto e pela Directiva Europeia das energias renováveis. Apesar da metodologia proposta ter sido aplicada ao caso Português, poderá ser aplicada a outras regiões ou países tomando em linha de conta as particularidades de cada sistema energético em análise. Na globalidade, a metodologia proposta permite que o decisor reconheça e entenda de forma clara as características do sistema e os impactos que as possíveis decisões acarretarão, contribuindo assim para a selecção de planos energéticos de longo prazo consistentes com os princípios do desenvolvimento sustentado.
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Smith, Jeremy Blair. "The role of rational choice in explaining electricity consumption and jury composition." Thesis, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/13151.
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Warneryd, Martin. "The social power grid : The role of institutions for decentralizing the electricity grid." Licentiate thesis, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-36180.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The world’s existing electricity grids face several challenges if they are to continue to provide a stable supply in the future. Aging electricity grids and the massive implementation of renewable sources require a different flexibility and robustness of future grids. Large amounts of renewable sources are implemented locally and on a small scale, increasing pressure on distribution grids to manage variable generation and bi-directional power flows. A decentralized electricity system includes both new technological designs as well as social re-organizations where prosumers become more prominent in the development and responsibilities of the electricity system. The existing centralized electricity system is fundamentally different from the decentralized, and the transformation requires an institutional framework which support the logics of decentralized technologies and organizations. Some technologies which are relevant for a decentralized electricity system include solar PV and MGs. The aim of the thesis is to investigate how the transformation toward a decentralized electricity system affects and is affected by informal institutions among relevant actors, specifically prosumers, and formal institutions related to the existing electricity system. To guide the aim this research uses a conceptual framework stemming from the theoretical field of sustainability transitions with a special emphasis on institutions. The results show that a wide variety of experienced values enhances the positive experiences with solar PV technology and thus prosumers increase their engagement and responsibilities in their own electricity system. Moreover, the values are used to enhance the positive narrative of the niche and thereby increase the attractiveness for external actors. In the formative developing field of community MGs, institutions play an important role. Informal institutions shape the formal institutional development, which also influences the informal institutions in return, by enhancing opportunities for certain groups, such as the energy democracy movement, to reach out with their message. Thus, it is concluded that informal institutions play a significant role in the development of a decentralized electricity system, affecting several niche development parameters and influencing the initial trajectories to further develop. Moreover, it is concluded that institutional developments are crucial for the development of community MGs and that informal institutional developments within communities are shaping the formal institutional developments in the sector.