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Статті в журналах з теми "Rod packings"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Lidin, Sven, Michael Jacob, and Sten Andersson. "A Mathematical Analysis of Rod Packings." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 114, no. 1 (January 1995): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1995.1005.

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2

Andersson, Sten. "New rod packings, polyhedra, and virus structures." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 226, no. 8 (August 2011): 667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zkri.2011.1418.

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3

Wouterse, A., S. Luding, and A. P. Philipse. "On contact numbers in random rod packings." Granular Matter 11, no. 3 (February 5, 2009): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-009-0126-6.

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4

Blatov, V. A. "A method for topological analysis of rod packings." Structural Chemistry 27, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 1605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11224-016-0774-1.

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5

Rosi, Nathaniel L., Jaheon Kim, Mohamed Eddaoudi, Banglin Chen, Michael O'Keeffe, and Omar M. Yaghi. "Rod Packings and Metal−Organic Frameworks Constructed from Rod-Shaped Secondary Building Units." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 5 (February 2005): 1504–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja045123o.

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6

O'Keeffe, M., J. Plévert, Y. Teshima, Y. Watanabe, and T. Ogama. "The invariant cubic rod (cylinder) packings: symmetries and coordinates." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 57, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876730001151x.

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7

Hauck, Jürgen, and Klaus Mika. "Characterization Of Structure Types By Lattice Complexes With Increased Self-Coordination Numbers." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 61, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2006-0810.

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Анотація:

Most of the 402 characteristic Wyckoff positions were analyzed for the numbers 1, 2, 3, etc. of lattice complexes with increased self-coordination numbers Ti of the i = 1 - 3 shells. The Wyckoff letters of standardized inorganic structures with the proper space group number get an additional number 1, 2, 3, etc., if the x, y, z, c/a, cos γ , etc. parameters are close to the parameters of these lattice complexes. The lattice complexes 1, 2, 3, etc. or combinations of several of these complexes are sphere, layer or rod packings. The plate- or needle-like habit of single crystals can frequently be correlated with layered or rod-like packings. Combinations of lattice complexes can be analyzed for attractive or repulsive interactions by structure maps

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8

HAUCK, J., and K. MIKA. "INTERACTIONS IN ORDERED SURFACTANTS, POLYMERS AND COLLOIDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 10 (April 20, 2003): 2053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920301803x.

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The surfactant structures are approximately given by the zero-potential surfaces of A + and B - atoms in circle or sphere packings. The Dirichlet domains of A atoms are connected by T1 channels to neighboring A domains in rod like structures with T1 = 2, or layered structures at increased T1 values. Micelles are usually isolated with T1 = 0 or 1 channels. Layered or rod like structures are formed at A–A attraction while isolated micelles are formed at repulsive A–A interactions. The rod like structures are similar to polymer chains of A = carbon atoms with T1 = 2 neighbors. The ordered micelle structures are observed for charged colloid particles A +.

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9

HAUCK, J., and K. MIKA. "CRYSTAL HABIT OF MINERALS — A CRYSTAL CHEMICAL APPROACH." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 06 (March 10, 2007): 871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207036734.

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Homogeneous particles A like carbon atoms in diamond, CO 3 ions in CaCO 3, or sulfur molecules in sulfur with different A–A interactions are ordered in such a way that the bulk structure can be characterized by the self-coordination numbers T i, i = 1-3, of nearest, second, and third neighbors. There are about 500 sets with increased Ti values and about 500 sets with reduced Ti values, which can be obtained from characteristic lattice complexes. The different sets with increased Ti values are characterized by S, L, or R for sphere, layer, or rod packing. Two or more particles A, B, C, etc., can belong to the same set like Na and Cl atoms in NaCl or different sets like Ca and F atoms in CaF 2. The Dirichlet domains of A and B ( CaF 2) or A + B ( NaCl ) are approaches to the morphological lattices (cubes or rhombododecahedra). Planes with a high density of A positions and thus low h k l values like the {111} planes of octahedra are derived from Bravais' theory. The morphological lattices of layer or rod packings are layers or rods because of the increased densities of A in layers or rods.

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10

von Schnering, Hans Georg, Matthias Oehme, Germar Rudolf, W. Voigt, Hans Jörnvall, Viktor Mutt, Knut Maartmann-Moe, and Britt Karlsson. "Three-dimensional Periodic Nodal Surfaces which Envelope the Threefold and Fourfold Cubic Rod Packings." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 45 (1991): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0873.

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11

Kraposhin, V. S., A. L. Talis, V. G. Kosushkin, A. A. Ogneva, and L. I. Zinober. "Structures of the cubic and rhombohedral high-pressure modifications of silicon as packing of the rod-like substructures determined by the algebraic geometry." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 64, no. 1 (January 17, 2008): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768107059800.

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Tessellations by generating clusters are proposed for the high-pressure phases BC8 and R8 of silicon. The structures of both high-pressure phases are represented by the parallel packings of rods. The latter are stacks of distorted icosahedra, joined by a common triangular face and flattened out along the threefold symmetry axis. Along the rod axis there is an alternation of empty and double-centered icosahedra. The empty icosahedra are additionally distorted in the cubic BC8 phase by antiparallel rotation about the rod axis, while the double-centered icosahedra are distorted by that rotation in the rhombohedral R8 phase. A possible mechanism of the reversible BC8 ↔ R8 transformation is proposed as the rotation about the rod axis of the common triangular face of the neighboring icosahedra, thus transforming between distorted and undistorted icosahedra. The graphs of the generating clusters for both the BC8 and R8 structures are determined by two subconfigurations of the same construction of the finite projective geometry.

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12

HAUCK, J., and K. MIKA. "INTERACTIONS FROM SELF-COORDINATION NUMBERS – A PHYSICAL RELATION WITHOUT FORMULA." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 14 (June 10, 2006): 2065–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206034315.

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A large number of homogeneous particles A with different A–A interactions like carbon atoms in diamond, CO 3 ions in CaCO 3, S 6 molecules in rhombic sulphur, colloid or micelle particles are ordered in such a way that the bulk structure can be characterized by the self-coordination numbers Ti, i =1-3 of nearest, second and third neighbors. There are about 500 sets with increased Ti values (aristotypes) and about 500 sets with reduced Ti values, which are obtained from characteristic lattice complexes. The number k=1,2,3, etc. of the (T1 T2 T3) aristotype is added to the Wyckoff letters of standardized structures like 167-b9a9 or 148-a4 for the Ca ( CO 3) or ( S 6) structures with the centers of ( CO 3) or ( S 6) groups. Two or more particles A, B, etc. can belong to the same aristotype like Na and Cl atoms in NaCl or Li , Ag and Sb atoms in Li 2 AgSb . All possible structures of an aristotype are within certain limits of Ti values in a Ti, i = 1-3 coordinate system, the structure map. The location of A, B, etc. positions on structure maps can be related with repulsive or attractive interactions at high or low T2 values. The plate- or rod-like habit of single crystals can frequently be related to layered or rod-like packings (T1 T2 T3) of the constituents.

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13

Adam, Dirk, Bernhard Herrschaft, and Hans Hartl. "Synthese und Strukturuntersuchungen von Iodocupraten(I) / Synthesis and Structure Investigations of Iodocuprates(I)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-0607.

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Reactions of CuI with N-methylpyrazinium iodide, (pyr)I, N-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium iodide, (bp4)I and N-methyl-2,2′-bipyridinium iodide, (bp2)I, in organic solvents led to three novel types of copper(I) complexes of stoichiometries (pyr)Cu2I3, (bp4)Cu3I4 and (bp2)Cu2I3. In all of them the cations are n-σ-bonded to copper(I) through donation of their unshared electron pairs. (pyr)Cu2I3 crystallizes with an ionic structure (trigonal, R 3 c, hexagonal axes a = 3053(2), c = 671.9(3) pm, Z = 18). Polymeric cations ∞1[((pyr)CuI3/3)3]3+ and anions ∞1[CuI4/2]-form parallel rod packings. The structure motif of the cations can be described as a columnar part of the β-CuI structure in which the copper and iodine atoms are also arranged to Cu3I3 rings.The crystal structure of (bp4)Cu3I4 (triclinic, P Ī, a = 938.8(2), b = 980.0(4), c = 1070.1(3) pm, α = 73.56(3), β = 75.79(2), γ = 89.50(3)°, Ζ = 2) is built up by uncharged chains ∞1[(CuI4/3)(CuI3/3I1/2)((bp4)CuI2/3I1/2)]. The trinuclear units (bp4)Cu3I4 are connected via common iodide edges. The copper halide connection motif of the polymeric compound has some features in common with the “stair” and “cube” structures of adducts of CuI with unidentate, neutral P-, As- or N-bases.The compound (bp 2)Cu2I3 (monoclinic, P 21/n, a = 1054.0(2), b = 1034.8(3), c = 1512.6(3) pm, β = 108.10(2)°, Ζ = 2) has a structure, in which two edge-sharing (CuI4/2)-tetrahedra and two approximately planar (CuI2/2(bp 2))-units form tetranuclear molecules (bp 2)2Cu4I6. These are linked to chains with a “stair” motif by intermolecular Cu ··· I contacts.

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14

Su, Yan-Hua, Feng Luo, Hui Li, Yun-Xia Che, and Ji-Min Zheng. "Rod-packing motif: a new metal–organic polymer showing unusual rod-packing architecture." CrystEngComm 13, no. 1 (2011): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ce00066c.

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15

Wang, Wei Zhang, and Hai Wen Wang. "Research on Fracturing Mechanism of Ground-Drive Screw Pump Polish Rod." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1671.

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Анотація:

In addition to vertical pulling force, the ground-drive screw pump oil recovery rod also stands twisting moment and bending moment. The diameter of the polish rod is generally larger than that of the pumping rod, and it stands a bit less stress than the pumping rod close to it, and the polish rod is generally made of relatively better materials. In practice, however, the polish rod fractures more often than the pumping rod above. This thesis considers that if the driving head deflects, the upper and the lower polish rods of the packing set are not in the same axial line, and bending moment will come into being in the polish rod of the lower part of the packing set due to the restriction of the polish rod by the packing set. Alternating stress caused by bending moment yields fatigue rupture of the polish rod during its rotation. This verdict is confirmed by the fracture position, the shape of the fractured surface, and quantitative calculation. This thesis proposes strict controlling of the deflection of the driving head by means of polish rod verticality survey instrument. Both theory and practice have proved that this method can effectively avoid fatigue rupture of the polish rod.

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16

Fogleman, Corey. "Packing for the Road." JAMA 310, no. 20 (November 27, 2013): 2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.6891.

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17

Goltsev, Andrey V., Eugeny V. Alexandrov, Vladislav A. Blatov, and Davide M. Proserpio. "The taxonomy of rod-packing coordination networks (CNs)." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 72, a1 (August 28, 2016): s435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331609361x.

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18

Goltsev, Andrey V., Eugeny V. Alexandrov, Vladislav A. Blatov, and Davide M. Proserpio. "Rod packing nets in 3-periodic metal-organic frameworks." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 71, a1 (August 23, 2015): s357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273315094656.

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19

Squire, John, Marie Cantino, Michael Chew, Richard Denny, Jeff Harford, Liam Hudson, and Pradeep Luther. "Myosin Rod-Packing Schemes in Vertebrate Muscle Thick Filaments." Journal of Structural Biology 122, no. 1-2 (1998): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsbi.1998.3995.

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20

Dobrzański, B., and R. Rybczyński. "Influence of packing method on colour perception improving the appearance of fruits and vegetables." Research in Agricultural Engineering 54, No. 2 (June 24, 2008): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2008-rae.

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Анотація:

The appearance of fruits and vegetables has a major influence on the perceived quality. Therefore, colour is one of the most important quality parameters in consumers’ preferences. Fruits differently exposed to the sun differ in colour, frequently looking unripe and reach full maturity just on handling or transport, some still green and appearing unripe. Oranges, carrot, red beet, and parsley were used for the study of the quality estimation. Different nets used for the packing of fruits were tested. The measurements of lightness and chromaticity parameters were performed according to L*a*b* system. The red net used for the packing of oranges caused a decrease of the lightness parameter L* for all stages of fruits maturity. However, some unripe and bright oranges, through the use of a red net, looked more mature. The chromaticity parameter a* is the most influential factor affecting the human perception of the fruit colour. The red net improves this parameter significantly, thus unripe yellow oranges become more saturated, changing the perception of colour to the predicted range. The colour is insignificant for the net, however, it is important for the classification and quality assessment by humans.

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21

guangyao, Li, Fu Xinzhong, Du Yunjia, and Xu Shuqiong. "Pipelined Soft Packaging Cargoes Handling Robot." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817502028.

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In order to solve the problem of packing and packing on the soft package in the pipeline, we use PLC system to control the robot. The step motor and the push rod motor cooperate with each other to realize the space movement. The vacuum sucker can firmly absorb the target and realize the transportation and packing of the target. To solve the problem of heavy workload of the soft packing line, wasting the manpower and material resources, we change the past hard grab transport mode and use the vacuum sucker to absorb the soft package to improve the packing efficiency. As for transporting soft package goods, the vacuum sucker has characteristics of small wear, fast speed, light and convenience. PLC control system greatly improves the accuracy of its moving objects, the robot is more efficient and practical.

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22

Furuuchi, Masami, Hiroshi Haseda, and Keishi Gotoh. "Controlling Packing Density of Rod-Like Particles by Magnetic Fluid." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 19, no. 1 (1993): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.19.137.

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23

Sobral, T. A., and M. A. F. Gomes. "Tight packing of a flexible rod in two-dimensional cavities." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 48, no. 33 (July 20, 2015): 335305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/33/335305.

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24

Rubenstein, David S. "A Hard Core Look at Rod Packing in the Skin." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 123, no. 4 (October 2004): ix—x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23242.x.

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25

Lo, Chen-Tsyr, Chih-Jung Lin, Jing-Yu Lee, Shih-Huang Tung, Jing-Cherng Tsai, and Wen-Chang Chen. "Molecular stacking structure and field-effect transistor characteristics of crystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-syndiotactic polypropylene through solvent selectivity." RSC Adv. 4, no. 44 (2014): 23002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra03571b.

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The effect of both the solvent selectivity and rod/coil ratio on the molecular packing structures, morphologies and field-effect characteristics of the crystalline–crystalline P3HT-b-sPP diblock copolymers are reported.

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26

Huillet, Thierry. "On a deposition process on the circle with disorder." Advances in Applied Probability 36, no. 4 (December 2004): 996–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1103662956.

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Анотація:

Throw n points sequentially and at random onto a unit circle and append a clockwise arc (or rod) of length s to each such point. The resulting random set (the free gas of rods) is a union of a random number of clusters with random sizes modelling a free deposition process on a one-dimensional substrate. A variant of this model is investigated in order to take into account the role of the disorder, θ > 0; this involves Dirichlet(θ) distributions. For such free deposition processes with disorder θ, we shall be interested in the occurrence times and probabilities, as n grows, of two specific types of configurations: those avoiding overlapping rods (the hard-rod gas) and those for which the largest gap is smaller than the rod length s (the packing gas). Special attention is paid to the thermodynamic limit when ns = ρ for some finite density ρ of points. The occurrence of parking configurations, those for which hard-rod and packing constraints are both fulfilled, is then studied. Finally, some aspects of these problems are investigated in the low-disorder limit θ ↓ 0 as n ↑ ∞ while nθ = γ > 0. Here, Poisson-Dirichlet(γ) partitions play some role.

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27

Huillet, Thierry. "On a deposition process on the circle with disorder." Advances in Applied Probability 36, no. 04 (December 2004): 996–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000186780001329x.

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Анотація:

Throw n points sequentially and at random onto a unit circle and append a clockwise arc (or rod) of length s to each such point. The resulting random set (the free gas of rods) is a union of a random number of clusters with random sizes modelling a free deposition process on a one-dimensional substrate. A variant of this model is investigated in order to take into account the role of the disorder, θ > 0; this involves Dirichlet(θ) distributions. For such free deposition processes with disorder θ, we shall be interested in the occurrence times and probabilities, as n grows, of two specific types of configurations: those avoiding overlapping rods (the hard-rod gas) and those for which the largest gap is smaller than the rod length s (the packing gas). Special attention is paid to the thermodynamic limit when ns = ρ for some finite density ρ of points. The occurrence of parking configurations, those for which hard-rod and packing constraints are both fulfilled, is then studied. Finally, some aspects of these problems are investigated in the low-disorder limit θ ↓ 0 as n ↑ ∞ while nθ = γ > 0. Here, Poisson-Dirichlet(γ) partitions play some role.

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28

Xu, Wenheng, Zhanwen Xu, Chunhua Cai, Jiaping Lin, Liang Gao, Huimin Qi, and Shaoliang Lin. "Spiral- and meridian-patterned spheres self-assembled from block copolymer/homopolymer binary systems." Nanoscale 13, no. 33 (2021): 14016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr02674g.

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Spiral spheres are self-assembled from a binary system of rod-coil block copolymers and homopolymers, and a spiral-to-meridian pattern transition achieved by increasing temperature is attributed to a tighter packing of the block copolymers.

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29

Xiaohan, Jia, Zhang Qingqing, Feng Jianmei, and Peng Xueyuan. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Temperature Distribution of Self-Lubricating Packing Rings in Reciprocating Compressors." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4029806.

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The nonuniform abrasion failure and high-temperature thermal failure of packing rings have a significant influence on compressor reliability, particularly that of oil-free compressors. In this study, a test rig was constructed to measure the dynamic temperature of packing rings under different operational conditions in an oil-free reciprocating compressor. The dynamic axial and radial temperature distributions of the packing rings were obtained using an innovative internal temperature testing device that kept the thermocouples and packing box relatively static during compressor operation. A three-dimensional heat transfer model was also developed to analyze the temperature distribution of the packing boxes, piston rod, and cylinder during such operation. Good agreement was observed between the simulation results and experimental data, which showed an average relative error of less than 2.35%. The results indicate that the pressure ratio exerts a significant effect on the axial temperature distribution and determines which packing ring reaches the maximum temperature. They also show the average temperature to rise with an increase in the rotational speed and to fall with an improvement in the external cooling conditions. Finally, the material of the packing rings was found to affect the temperature gradient from their inner to outer surface.

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30

Dickey, Nancy W. "Packing My Bag for the Road Ahead." JAMA 280, no. 12 (September 23, 1998): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.12.1045.

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31

Brenizer, JS, MF Sulcoski, RW Jenkins, DD McRae, and RH Newman. "Observations of Density Variations in Tobacco Rods by Neutron Radiography." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 14, no. 1 (December 1, 1987): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0580.

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Анотація:

AbstractNeutron radiography was used to study the density of tobacco rods. Density variations in individual rods caused by local packing variations and the presence of more dense materials in the blend were easily discernible in both static and real-time radiographs. A density resolution of 0.35 mm was observed in the real-time system. By averaging center line density scans for several rods with the aid of an image processor, large scale variations in the density such as the increased packing at the rod ends could be measured. Comparison of the results from neutron radiography with those obtained by cutting rods into sections and weighing the sections showed good agreement. Both methods indicated the lighting end was approximately 9 % more dense than the middle of the rod. This work has demonstrated that neutron radiography can be used to provide accurate density information about cigarette rods with considerably greater resolution and in much less time than sectioning and the commercial beta ray gauging technique.

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32

Issayeva, Aikerim Nurlankyzy. "Calculation of Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Apparatus with Regular Tubular Packing." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 23 (2021): 868–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2021.059.

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Анотація:

Among the apparatuses with a regular arrangement of packing elements creating an in-phase mode of vortex interaction, which ensures high efficiency of the processes, it is interesting to use a standard tubular packing. Such packing allows additional advantages associated with heat supply or extraction directly in the contact zone of the interacting phases, which is very important for conducting some chemisorption processes. The research covers such hydrodynamic regularities as hydraulic resistance during a heat carrier movement in pipes and during external flow around a tubular beam, retained liquid amount and gas content of layer in the external flow around the tubular beam with liquid and gas flows. The research was carried out using an experimental setup with a heat and mass transfer apparatus with regular tubular packing. The medium used during experiments is water-air. The research methodology included standard methods for determining hydraulic resistance and retained liquid amount and visual observation and photographing of gas-liquid flows. The novelty of the research was equations – one for calculating the hydraulic resistance in pipes, taking into account local resistances and pipe roughness. The other ones for determining the pressure losses during the external flow around the tubular beam, the retained liquid amount, and the gas content of the layer, taking into account the vortex interaction of gas and liquid flows. Graphical and calculated dependences of the investigated hydrodynamic characteristics were obtained as a result of the conducted research of the hydraulic resistance during the heat carrier movement in the pipes, as well as the hydraulic resistance and the retained liquid amount during the external flow around the tubular beam with a change in the gas velocity and irrigation density. When the heat carrier flows in the pipes, the numerical values of the hydraulic resistance in the transient mode do not exceed 1.5 kPa, in the developed turbulence mode in the range of the Reynolds number from 1·104 to 6·104 DР varies from 1.5 to 53 kPa. With the external flow around the tubular beam, in the developed turbulence mode wg = 4 m/s and L = 25 m3/m2h, the hydraulic resistance is 85 Pa, the retained liquid amount is 4.5·10-3 m. The change in the irrigation density in this mode (developed turbulence) in the L range from 10 to 100 m3/m2h leads to an increase in the hydraulic resistance from 65 to 160 Pa, the retained liquid amount from 2.16·10-3 to 13.6·10-3 m. The calculated dependencies are the basis of the method for calculating the hydrodynamic characteristics of the apparatus with the regular tubular packing, which can be used to calculate industrial devices.

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33

Zhu, Min, Shengyu Hu, Fangfang Wu, Heng Ma, Shenyi Xie, and Chaohai Zhang. "CO₂ dissociation in a packed bed DBD reactor: effect of streamer discharge." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 22 (March 7, 2022): 225207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac55c1.

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Abstract Non-thermal plasma catalysis, as a special heterogeneous catalytic reaction, needs to consider both gas discharge and catalytic reaction. Packed bed dielectric barrier discharge (PB-DBD) is widely used in non-thermal plasma catalysis, but the exact control principle of gas discharge, especially streamer discharge, is not clear. In this study, therefore, the orderly arranged dielectric rods were packed in the discharge gap of PB-DBD, and the streamer discharge behaviors were controlled by adjusting their diameter(s), quantity(ies), location(s) and dielectric constant(s). Al2O3 and ZrO2 dielectric rods with dielectric constants of about 9 and 25 were used as packing material. Pure CO2 was used as reaction gas and discharge gas. Discharge images showed that stable and controllable streamer discharges can be formed between the dielectric rod and ground electrode. The intensity, width and length of the streamer discharge can be significantly changed by optimizing the dielectric constant, diameter, packing number and position of the dielectric rod, thereby affecting the CO2 conversion efficiency. Increasing dielectric constant and the distance between the dielectric rod and ground electrode can increase the intensity of streamer discharge, thus promoting the CO2 conversion efficiency. Compared with an empty reactor, after packing 24 ZrO2 dielectric rods with a diameter of 1 mm, the CO2 conversion and energy efficiency increased from 9.58% to 20.1% and from 1.67% to 2.89%, respectively. In short, this research has important implications for plasma catalysis. This study not only reveals the synergistic characteristics between streamer discharge and CO2 dissociation, but also provides an important idea for structural optimization of PB-DBD catalyst.

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34

Luo, Yi-dong, Gong-ming Sun, De-ming Li, and Feng Luo. "1D ferromagnetic Dy(III) compound showing supramolecular four-connecting rod-packing architecture." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 14, no. 5 (May 2011): 778–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2011.03.014.

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35

Petingco, Marvin C., Mark E. Casada, Ronaldo G. Maghirang, Sidney A. Thompson, Samuel G. McNeill, Michael D. Montross, and Aaron P. Turner. "Influence of Kernel Shape and Size on the Packing Ratio and Compressibility of Hard Red Winter Wheat." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 4 (2018): 1437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12648.

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Abstract. Grain compaction occurs during bin storage, and its determination is important for the grain mass estimation needed for inventory and auditing. The degree of compaction is dependent on grain type, bin type, moisture content, amount of grain, initial grain bulk density, coefficients of friction, lateral-to-vertical pressure coefficient, and variation in kernel size. Previous studies have correlated several of these parameters, such as bulk density and grain packing, with moisture content. This study investigated the influence of wheat kernel shape and size distribution on packing ratio and compressibility. Two dockage-free hard red winter (HRW) wheat samples, with no shrunken or broken kernels, were sieved using U.S. Tyler sieves #6, #7, #8, and #10, and the kernels retained on the sieves were used in the experiments. The kernel dimensional parameters and bulk sample parameters were measured, and additional derived parameters were calculated for each size fraction and variety. Packing ratio and compressibility of the size fractions and of binary and ternary mixtures of the size fractions were also determined for each variety. Packing ratio increased with larger kernel size, while compressibility decreased. Sphericity and flatness shape factor had strong positive linear relationships with packing ratio and strong negative relationships with compressibility, while elongation shape factor behaved the opposite way with packing ratio and compressibility. The higher the percentage mass of the larger kernel fraction in a mixture, the higher was its packing ratio and the lower its compressibility. The two tested varieties of wheat did not significantly differ in packing ratio and compressibility. These findings can be used in developing models for more accurate estimation of grain pack factor and to determine the mass of grain inside bins and other storage structures. Keywords: Compressibility, Packing, Shape, Size, Wheat.

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36

Shellie, Krista C. "Instrumented Sphere Used to Identify High-impact Areas on Grapefruit Packing Lines in Texas." HortTechnology 7, no. 3 (July 1997): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.3.273.

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An instrumented sphere (IS) was used to identify high-impact areas on seven grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) packing lines in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. The packing-line unit operations having the greatest percentage of high impacts were 1) the sizer, 2) when #2 fruit were separated by hand at the grading table, 3) when fruit were dumped from the harvest bin onto the packing line, and 4) when fruit dropped into a collection bin at the end of the packing line. The number of high impacts and the amount of cushioning in high-impact areas varied among the seven packing sheds. The amount of red dye visible on the surface of fruit collected from the end of each shed's packing line did not correspond with each shed's percentage of high impacts or with incidence of decay during fruit storage. The severity of impacts and degree of cushioning provided in these Texas packing sheds were comparable to that reported for 39 Florida packing houses. This study illustrates the usefulness of the IS for enhancing individual packing-line operations and for comparing individual shed performance to packing-line operations in other agricultural production regions.

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37

Fan, Juan Juan, Zhen Dong Pan, and Min Fei Shi. "Self-Assembly Behavior of ABC Triblock Copolymer under Special Solvation Conditions: A Monte Carlo Study." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.319.

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In this study, we report morphological transition of ABC triblock copolymer dissolved in special solvents that were good for the A block, poor for the B block, and marginal for the C block. The aggregate structure changes from rod to vesicle, and then to spherical superaggregates by changing the hydrophobicity of block B. Chain packing in different micelles is investigated.

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38

Medina, M. E., A. E. Platero, A. Monge, N. Snejko, and E. Gutiérrez-Puebla. "A rod packing Zn MOF: acid catalyst in multicomponent reaction (MCR) and topology." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 67, a1 (August 22, 2011): C432—C433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767311089148.

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39

Miller, Joia M., Doug Hall, Joanna Robaszewski, Prerna Sharma, Michael F. Hagan, Gregory M. Grason, and Zvonimir Dogic. "All twist and no bend makes raft edges splay: Spontaneous curvature of domain edges in colloidal membranes." Science Advances 6, no. 31 (July 2020): eaba2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba2331.

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Using theory and experiments, we study the interface between two immiscible domains in a colloidal membrane composed of rigid rods of different lengths. Geometric considerations of rigid rod packing imply that a domain of sufficiently short rods in a background membrane of long rods is more susceptible to twist than the inverse structure, a long-rod domain in a short-rod membrane. The midplane tilt at the interdomain edge forces splay, which, in turn, manifests as spontaneous edge curvature with energetics controlled by the length asymmetry of constituent rods. A thermodynamic model of such tilt-curvature coupling at interdomain edges explains a number of experimental observations, including annularly shaped long-rod domains, and a nonmonotonic dependence of edge twist on domain radius. Our work shows how coupling between orientational and compositional degrees of freedom in two-dimensional fluids gives rise to complex shapes of fluid domains, analogous to shape transitions in 3D fluid vesicles.

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40

Weil, Matthias. "Crystal structure of Pb3(IO4(OH)2)2." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 7 (June 23, 2014): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814009520.

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The structure of the title compound, trilead(II) bis[dihydroxidotetraoxidoiodate(VII)], was determined from a crystal twinned by non-merohedry with two twin domains present [twin fraction 0.73 (1):0.27 (1)]. It contains three Pb2+cations and two IO4(OH)23−anions in the asymmetric unit. Each of the Pb2+cations is surrounded by eight O atoms (cut-off value = 3.1 Å) in the form of a distorted polyhedron. The octahedral IO4(OH)23−anions are arranged in rows extending parallel to [021], forming a distorted hexagonal rod packing. The cations and anions are linked into a framework structure. Although H-atom positions could not be located, O...O distances suggest medium-strength hydrogen-bonding interactions between the IO4(OH)2octahedra, further consolidating the crystal packing.

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41

Ya-hong, ZHU, YANG Chun-sheng, and MENG Shao-hua. "The design and analysis of flip structure of the automatically flip packing container for spacecraft." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817502017.

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Анотація:

The automatically flip container is specially designed in order to solve the problem t of limited lifting height.Theflip container cover is realized by using the electric push rod mechanism. Compared with the traditional packing container, this container can be opened without lifting the container cover. Due to the automatically flip structure, it is easy to open the container under the condition of limited fixed facilities.

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42

Evans, Myfanwy E., and Stephen T. Hyde. "From three-dimensional weavings to swollen corneocytes." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 62 (March 11, 2011): 1274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0722.

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A novel technique to generate three-dimensional Euclidean weavings, composed of close-packed, periodic arrays of one-dimensional fibres, is described. Some of these weavings are shown to dilate by simple shape changes of the constituent fibres (such as fibre straightening). The free volume within a chiral cubic example of a dilatant weaving, the ideal conformation of the G 129 weaving related to the Σ + rod packing, expands more than fivefold on filament straightening. This remarkable three-dimensional weaving, therefore, allows an unprecedented variation of packing density without loss of structural rigidity and is an attractive design target for materials. We propose that the G 129 weaving (ideal Σ + weaving) is formed by keratin fibres in the outermost layer of mammalian skin, probably templated by a folded membrane.

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43

McMaster, M. J. "Reviews." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 13, no. 1 (April 1989): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093648909079412.

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44

Klein, Wilhelm, Haiyan He та Thomas F. Fässler. "Crystal structure of tris[(4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane-κ8N2,O6)rubidium] rubidium nonastannide". Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 73, № 2 (13 січня 2017): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989017000172.

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The crystal structure of the title compound, [Rb(C18H36N2O6)]3RbSn9, consists of deltahedral [Sn9]4–cluster anions, Rb+cations and cryptand molecules, which partially sequester the cations. Those cations, which are not coordinated by cryptand molecules, are neighboured directly to the [Sn9]4–clusters and interconnect them to form∞1[RbSn9]3–chains. These chains extend parallel to [001] and are arranged in a pseudo-hexagonal rod packing, separated by the Rb-cryptand complex cations.

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45

Peng, Fang, Huajun Yang, Anthony Hernandez, Danielle E. Schier, Pingyun Feng, and Xianhui Bu. "Bimetallic Rod‐Packing Metal–Organic Framework Combining Two Charged Forms of 2‐Hydroxyterephthalic Acid." Chemistry – A European Journal 26, no. 49 (August 7, 2020): 11146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202002541.

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46

Banasiak, Jacek, and Andrzej Milewski. "Road transport of liquid aluminium." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2016, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_16_03_02.

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New casting technologies of crucial aluminum parts for automotive industry are bound with melted aluminum transport and create necessity to define terms and conditions of permission for IBC (Intermediate Bulk Containers) dedicated for this transport. COBRO – Packaging Research Institute worked out the IBC testing program and implemented the permission procedure for IBC dedicated for melted aluminum transport according to proper packing instruction included in European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road.

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47

Jiang, Junru, Jianguo Zhang, Peifen Zhu, Jianfu Li, Xiaoli Wang, Dongmei Li, Bingbing Liu, Qiliang Cui, and Hongyang Zhu. "High pressure studies of Ni3[(C2H5N5)6(H2O)6](NO3)6·1.5H2O by Raman scattering, IR absorption, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction." RSC Advances 6, no. 69 (2016): 65031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09030c.

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48

Monroe, John F., and Richard W. Marklin. "Quantitative Biomechanical Analysis of Wrist Motion in Bone-Trimming Jobs in the Red-Meat Packing Industry." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 10 (October 1995): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901012.

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This study was motivated by the serious impact that cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) of the upper extremities have on industrial workers and on industry itself. To date, no quantitative data has been gathered on the kinematics of hand and wrist motion required in bone-trimming jobs in the red-meat packing industry. No information is known about what type and how much wrist motion is currently being used in bone-trimming jobs in the red-meat packing industry, or how much these motions increase the risk of occupational CTDs. The research conducted addressed this current research void and established a preliminary database of wrist and hand kinematics for a bone-trimming job in the red-meat packing industry. This kinematic database could augment the red-meat industry's efforts to reduce the severity and cost of CTDs. Ergonomics practitioners in the red-meat industry could use the kinematic methods employed in this research to assess the CTD risk of current and redesigned jobs that require repetitious, hand-intensive work. The study examined the wrist motions used by nine red-meat packing workers who performed bone-trimming jobs. These jobs are highly repetitive and hand-intensive. Quantitative measures of the kinematic parameters of wrist motions performed on the bone-trimming line were measured using goniometry. The wrist motion measures consisted of the following statistics in the radial/ulnar, flexion/extension, and pronation/supination planes: 1). mean, minimum, and maximum of wrist angle position, 2). mean, minimum, and maximum of angular velocity, and 3). mean, minimum, and maximum of angular acceleration. The kinematic data were compared to manufacturing industry's preliminary wrist motion benchmarks. These benchmarks were the means and variances of nine dependent variables of position, velocity, and acceleration from industrial workers who performed hand-intensive, repetitive work in jobs that were of low and high risk of hand/wrist CTDS (Marras and Schoenmarklin, 1993). Results of this comparison show that numerous wrist motion variables in both the left and right hands of bone-trimming workers are in the high-risk category. This quantitative analysis provides biomechanical support for the high incidence of CTDs in the bone-trimming line of the plant that was investigated.

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49

Nguyen, Erin, Antonia Pandelieva, and Roberto A. Chica. "Increasing the brightness of red fluorescent proteins by saturation mutagenesis." University of Ottawa Science Undergraduate Research Journal 1 (August 31, 2018): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/osurj.v1i1.3666.

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Red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) are genetically-encoded fluorophores that are widely used for in vivo imaging. For all applications of RFPs, brighter variants are desired. Previously, we improved the brightness of mRojoA, a red-shifted mutant of the widely-used RFP mCherry, by designing a triple-decker motif of aromatic rings around its chromophore. This yielded the brighter variant mRojo-VHSV, which contains a triple-decker motif consisting of His and Tyr side chains that pack against the chromophore. This improved chromophore packing resulted in an approximately 3-fold brightness increase at physiological pH. However, the His side chain in the triple-decker motif of mRojo-VHSV adopted a perpendicular arrangement to the other two, which may result in a suboptimal packing arrangement. To further improve chromophore packing in mRojo-VHSV, we performed saturation mutagenesis of residues surrounding its triple-decker motif (positions 62, 97, 165, and 199). Using a microplate fluorescence screening assay, a total of 376 colonies were screened for improved brightness. The brightest mutant found, L199M, was expressed and purified, and its spectral properties were characterized in detail. We found that the quantum yield of this variant was improved by two-fold, resulting in a two-fold brightness increase compared to mRojo-VHSV as well as a 5.3-fold increase in brightness compared to mRojoA. The L199M improved variant is the basis for continued engineering with the goal of further improving the spectral properties of this family of RFPs.

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50

Rovner, Arthur S., Patricia M. Fagnant, Susan Lowey, and Kathleen M. Trybus. "The carboxyl-terminal isoforms of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain determine thick filament assembly properties." Journal of Cell Biology 156, no. 1 (January 7, 2002): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200107131.

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The alternatively spliced SM1 and SM2 smooth muscle myosin heavy chains differ at their respective carboxyl termini by 43 versus 9 unique amino acids. To determine whether these tailpieces affect filament assembly, SM1 and SM2 myosins, the rod region of these myosin isoforms, and a rod with no tailpiece (tailless), were expressed in Sf 9 cells. Paracrystals formed from SM1 and SM2 rod fragments showed different modes of molecular packing, indicating that the tailpieces can influence filament structure. The SM2 rod was less able to assemble into stable filaments than either SM1 or the tailless rods. Expressed full-length SM1 and SM2 myosins showed solubility differences comparable to the rods, establishing the validity of the latter as a model for filament assembly. Formation of homodimers of SM1 and SM2 rods was favored over the heterodimer in cells coinfected with both viruses, compared with mixtures of the two heavy chains renatured in vitro. These results demonstrate for the first time that the smooth muscle myosin tailpieces differentially affect filament assembly, and suggest that homogeneous thick filaments containing SM1 or SM2 myosin could serve distinct functions within smooth muscle cells.

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