Дисертації з теми "Robots – Simulation par ordinateur"
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Escleine, Denis. "Téléopération de robots à architecture complexe." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20261.
Повний текст джерелаAyrault, Roger Mireille. "Modélisation, simulation et étude de faisabilité d'une cellule robotisée de soudage à l'arc pour la construction métallique." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2292.
Повний текст джерелаBoschian-Campaner, Valerio. "Modélisation de l'environnement par grille adaptive et recherche de chemins pour robot mobile." Metz, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1990/Campaner_Boschian.Valerio.SMZ909.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNiniss, Hafid. "Contribution à l'évaluation de la commande des fauteuils électriques en environnement contraint à l'aide de la réalité virtuelle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL071N.
Повний текст джерелаGuérin, François. "Commande conjuguée d'un robot mobile : modélisation dynamique et vision artificielle." Le Havre, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LEHA0003.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD. Thesis is the result of a research work aiming at looking further into the study of the dynamic behavior of a two-driving-wheel mobile robot whose mechanical characteristics are similar to those of a small car. The model that we propose rests on the application of the fundamental principle of dynamics and takes into account the majority of the mechanical characteristics of the mobile robot. Being closer to reality, this model advantageously replaces the kinematic model usually used in mobile robotics. In addition, its final formulation remains relatively simple which allows its use in real time applications. This model was then used for two different applications : the stabilization of fixed configurations and vision-based control. Concerning the stabilization of fixed configurations, the original solution developed consists in applying to the mobile robot three positioning reference values written in its own reference and calculated from the optimal control "bang-off-bang". Furthermore, the trajectory followed by the mobile robot were smoothed by replacing the arcs of circle by portions of clothoids. The second application rests on the use of the stereoscopic vision system embarked on the mobile robot which provides informations on the distance and the direction of the observed object compared to the mobile robot. The state feedback control law that we designed aims at maintaining the mobile robot in front of the observed object with an imposed distance
Zoso, Nathaniel. "Modélisation, simulation et commande d'un robot parallèle plan à câbles sous-actionné." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28611/28611.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаYachou, Brahim. "Controle dynamique des structures polyarticulees deformables application a la robotique." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066754.
Повний текст джерелаBeauchaints, Felix. "Contribution à la simulation des robots manipulateurs : méthodologies de modélisation et d'identification des paramètres dynamiques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20056.
Повний текст джерелаAbdelhedi, Mohamed. "Étude et réalisation d'un système de conception assistée par ordinateur pour la robotique : application à la simulation et à l'évaluation des performances de robots." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20141.
Повний текст джерелаBosman, Julien. "Physically-based 6-DoF nodes deformable models : application to connective tissues simulation and soft-robots control." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10122/document.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the promising advances done in medical simulation, the complete virtual patient’s model is yet to come. There are still many avenues for improvements, especially concerning the mechanical modeling of boundary conditions.So far, most of the work has been dedicated to organs simulation, which are generally simulated alone. This raises a real problem as the role of the surrounding organs in boundary conditions is neglected. However, these interactions can be complex, involving contacts but also mechanical links provided by layers of soft tissues known as connective tissues. As a consequence, the mutual influences between the anatomical structures are generally simplified, weakening realism of simulations.This thesis aims at studying the importance of the connective tissues, and especially of a proper modeling of the boundary conditions. To this end, the role of the ligaments during laparoscopic liver surgery has been investigated. In order to enhance the simulations’ realism, a mechanical model dedicated to the connective tissues has been worked out. This has led to the development of a physically-based method relying on material points that can, not only translate, but also rotate themselves. The goal of this model is to enable the simulation of multiple organs linked by complex interactions.In addition, the work on the connective tissues model has been derived to be used in soft robotics. The principle of relying on orientable material points has been used to developed a reduced model that can reproduce the behavior of more complex structures. The objective of this work is to provide the means to control – in real-time – a soft robot made of a deformable arm
Bédard, Sébastien. "Modélisation et simulation dynamique d'un bipède plan à 9 DDL : à titre de recherche préliminaire pour le développement d'un robot bipède anthropomorphe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24083/24083.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSchrive, Etienne. "Étude et réalisation d'un système de conception assistée par ordinateur pour la robotique : application à la programmation graphique des robots de type SCARA." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20142.
Повний текст джерелаPettré, Julien. "Planification de mouvements de marche pour acteurs digitaux." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30200.
Повний текст джерелаDoulcier, Joseph. "Implantation optimale d'un robot en fonction de la tâche à réaliser en environnement contraint. Analyse, synthèse et développement d'un module d'aide à l'implantation des robots." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9301.
Повний текст джерелаFawaz, Khaled. "Contribution à la télésurveillance des systèmes contrôlés en réseau : application à la robotique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10134/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we investigate the problem of diagnosis of Networked Control Systems (NCS). The main considered components of the NCS namely the network system and controlled system are completely decoupled according to their operation characteristics. The diagnosis proposed approach is based on the dynamical models of the controlled system and the network system.Two model based fault diagnosis approach are proposed and applied to telerobotics system. The first concerns a discrete and stochastic observer applied to the network system in order to detect and isolate system faults from delay fault on the network channel by estimating the non measured states. The second is based on the Analytical Redundancy Relations (ARR) allowing detecting and isolating the input and output system’ faults. Experimental results applied on a mobile robot system, show the performance and the validity of the proposed hybrid fault diagnosis approach.A second contribution on the fault diagnosis of Networked Control Systems are developed and applied to a manipulator 6 DOF robot. It consists to detect and isolate system faults by using the Analytical Redundancy Relations approach on a robot model based real-time simulator connected to the system through an industrial network
Abdelhedi, Mohamed. "Etude et réalisation d'un système de conception assistée par ordinateur pour la robotique application à la simulation et à l'évaluation des performances de robots /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611101f.
Повний текст джерелаGenchev, Svetoslav. "Localisation de robots mobiles dans des environnements inconnus a priori." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1961.
Повний текст джерелаThis work emphasizes on three utterly related subjects – resolving robot position by distance measurements to other robots, estimating the uncertainty of the computed position and planning the robot’s movement in order to minimize that uncertainty. The planning algorithm uses some of the robots as stationary beacons guiding the robots in motion, thus enabling long-term working in unstructured environments. The main purpose of the planning is not building collision-free paths, but maintaining the positioning accuracy during the motion. Two important optimality criteria are considered, related to specific aspects of the common motion – how to plan trajectories with good movement precision, how to choose which robots to use as beacons and how to position them, in order to form appropriate geometrical arrangements and thus maximize localization precision. To resolve the position, given the distance measurements, we introduce several novel methodologies – one real-time, low-computation technique and another two optimal, computation costly model. The methods and theirs statistical characteristics have been presented analytically, and compared numerically by graphical simulations. The uncertainty estimation is based on the Delta method for uncertainty propagation, which in our case produce very satisfying results, compared to numeric estimators. Good knowledge of the position’s uncertainty is important when combining it with information of other sources, when performing hybrid navigation. Furthermore, a fast and differentiable uncertainty estimator has been found, not depending on the number of beacons used. Maintaining minimal values for the position uncertainty is the first criterion for the optimal motion planning. As a second criterion, we developed a differentiable beacon configuration quality estimator that does not depend on the localized robot but only on the positions of the beacons used. The proposed solutions for the three tasks have been validated experimentally by computer simulation. A simulation platform has been implemented for this purpose. It has been programmed on C++, using the OpenGL graphic library
Maurice, Pauline. "Virtual ergonomics for the design of collaborative robots." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066121/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe growing number of musculoskeletal disorders in industry could be addressed by the use of collaborative robots, which allow the joint manipulation of objects by both a robot and a person. Designing such robots requires to assess the ergonomic benefit they offer. However there is a lack of adapted assessment tools. This work presents a generic tool for performing accurate ergonomic assessments of co-manipulation activities, with very little input data. This tool relies on an evaluation carried out within a digital world, using a virtual manikin to simulate the worker. A framework is developed to enable the estimation of the different biomechanical solicitations which occur during manual activities. Multiple ergonomic indicators are defined and measured through a dynamic simulation of the considered activity. The virtual manikin is animated through a LQP optimization technique, and the robot is controlled according to the manikin-robot interaction force. The proposed framework is validated with motion capture experiments. However, the high number of indicators that are measured makes any kind of conclusion difficult for the user. Hence, a methodology for analyzing the sensitivity of the various indicators to the robot and task parameters is proposed. The goal of such an analysis is to reduce the number of ergonomic indicators which are considered in an evaluation, while sufficiently accounting for the global ergonomic level of the considered activity. Finally, an application of the proposed methodology is presented. The evaluation framework is linked to a genetic algorithm software in order to optimize the morphology of a collaborative robot for a given task
Hamdi, Hocine. "Étude d'une station de synthèse de programmes robots prenant en compte un système de vision." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI248.
Повний текст джерелаWe study the mechanisms for implementing an on-line and off-line robot programming station, to be coupled with a vision system. We describe six modules for a task specification in an object level language, for simulating the execution of the resulting code, and its effective execution in the field. Object modelling is based on the definition of a set of frames (locating, grasping) and the relations with other objects. Binds between objects are not explicitly declared. They are created and updated by the system, like the locations automatic updating. The main originality stems from the programming methodology, which allows high level programming, low level code generation, and simulating the execution during the program edition, statement by statement. Adding to its easy use, the modularity of the system leads to a great extensibility. Its enables dealing with different robots having their own command languages, using always the same language (stations language). For the moment, only the Puma 560 geometric model and its language (VAL) have been integrated
Dupuis, Jean-François. "Évolution d'un contrôleur de robot mobile visuellement référencé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24367/24367.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRouxel, Quentin. "Apprentissage et correction des imperfections des robots humanoïdes de petite taille : application à l'odométrie et à la synthèse de mouvements." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0816/document.
Повний текст джерелаSmall humanoid robots are often affected by many flaws : mechanical wraps and backlashes, electrical issues and motor control problems. This work is aimed at applying machine learning methods to deal with the flaws of the real robot. More precisely, improving the odometry accuracy and generated motion stability is studied. This thesis is highly guided and inspired by the participation of the Rhoban team (Rhoban Football Club) to the international RoboCup competition. Since 2011, the team has been competing each year in a soccer tournament within the fully autonomous small humanoid robots (Kid-Size) league. Proprioceptive odometry estimates the robot displacements from its internal sensors (no camera is used) whereas predictive odometry simulates the displacements created from a sequence of walk orders. Two corrective methods are proposed for the two kinds of odometries. The first one is based on a non parametric regression (LWPR) and a motion capture setup. The second one optimizes (CMA-ES) a linear corrective model without needing any external measure system. The proprioceptive odometry is essential to the localization of the robot on the soccer field. The predictive odometry is used to train a control policy for the walk motion. The generation of very dynamic motions like walking or kicking the ball is difficult due to the biped balance constraint and the many servomotor flaws. To start, kick motions are generated by optimization (CMA-ES) and evaluated based on the inverse dynamic model of the robot. The implementation of a physics simulator has been started. The objective is make the real behaviour of the robot to catch up the target trajectory by correcting the motion within the simulator
Taha, Safouan. "Modélisation conjointe logiciel/matériel de systèmes temps réel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work focuses on the hardware support when modeling real-time systems. To improve the development of hardware and to communicate architectural intends to the software flow, we adopted the model driven engineering for design, simulation and implementation of hardware platforms. We have first defined a modeling language HRM (Hardware Resource Model) that describes hardware platforms with different views and at different levels of detail. Then, we developed a methodology based on HRM to help users in the construction of their platforms models. We have also developed automated tools for the simulation of these hardware models. Finally, we provide an efficient process of unification between HRM and the recent standard of hardware implementation IP-XACT. As our purpose is to take into consideration the hardware properties during the system design, we have specified rules and constraints that govem allocation of software entities onto hardware resources. After that, we proposed mechanisms to adapt inadequate configurations. Finally, we illustrate all these contributions within the same case study, which is a robots chain. It is realtime, embedded, multi-tasking, distributed, repetitive and configurable system
N'Guyen, Steve. "Mise au point du système vibrissal du robot-rat Psikharpax et contribution à la fusion de ses capacités visuelle, auditive et tactile." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579980.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Ying. "Analyse dynamique des systèmes multicorps flexibles et contrôle des robots déformables." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0464.
Повний текст джерелаLavallée, Stéphane. "Gestes médico-chirurgicaux assistés par ordinateur : application à la neurochirurgie stéréotaxique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1989. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00335578.
Повний текст джерелаLavallée, Stéphane. "Gestes médico-chirurgicaux assistés par ordinateur : application à la neurochirurgie stéréotaxique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335578.
Повний текст джерелаDoulcier, Joseph. "Implantation optimale d'un robot en fonction d'une tâche à réaliser en environnement contraint. Analyse, synthèse et développement d'un module d'aide à l'implantation des robots." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523120.
Повний текст джерелаArgui, Imane. "A vision-based mixed-reality framework for testing autonomous driving systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR37.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores the development and validation of autonomous navigation systems within a mixed-reality (MR) framework, aiming to bridge the gap between virtual simulation and real-world testing. The research emphasizes the potential of MR environments for safely, efficiently, and cost-effectively testing autonomous systems. The thesis is structured around several chapters, beginning with a review of state-of-the-art technologies in autonomous navigation and mixed-reality applications. Through both rule-based and learning-based models, the research investigates the performance of autonomous robots within simulated, real, and MR environments. One of the core objectives is to reduce the "reality gap"—the discrepancy between behaviors observed in simulations versus real-world applications—by integrating real- world elements with virtual components in MR environments. This approach allows for more accurate testing and validation of algorithms without the risks associated with physical trials. A significant part of the work is dedicated to implementing and testing an offline augmentation strategy aimed at enhancing the perception capabilities of autonomous systems using depth information. Furthermore, reinforcement learning (RL) is applied to evaluate its potential within MR environments. The thesis demonstrates that RL models can effectively learn to navigate and avoid obstacles in virtual simulations and perform similarly well when transferred to MR environments, highlighting the framework’s flexibility for different autonomous system models. Through these experiments, the thesis establishes MR environments as a versatile and robust platform for advancing autonomous navigation technologies, offering a safer, more scalable approach to model validation before real-world deployment
Rolland, Luc Hugues. "Outils algébriques pour la résolution de problèmes géométriques et l'analyse de trajectoire de robots parallèles prévus pour des applications à haute cadence et grande précision." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10180.
Повний текст джерелаParallel robots have been introduced in flight simulators because of their high dynamics. Research is now focused on their application as machine tools. The requirements on accuracy are more stringent. The first objective is to find a resolution method to kinematics problems. Only a few implementations have succeeded to solve the general case (Gough platform). We have cataloged 8 algebraic formulations for the geometric model. The selected exact method is based the computation of Gröbner bases and the Rational Univariate Representation. The method is too slow for trajectory pursuit. The 2nd objective is the realization of a certified numeric iterative method (Newton) based on the Kantorovich theorem and interval arithmetic. The 3rd objective is milling task feasibility. A trajectory simulator includes tool accuracy estimations with given federate. One can determine the impact of a given architecture, selected sensors and the controller. This thesis terminates by a trajectory certification method, verifying if the tool can follow a trajectory included in a zone around the nominal trajectory. A convergence theorem is applied to insure that the forward kinematics model can be solved everywhere in the tube
Taychouri, Fadi. "Méthodologie pour l'évaluation de l'accessibilité d'habitat pour des personnes en situation de handicap." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0026.
Повний текст джерелаIn today’s residential and industrial environment, adapting the space to handicapped persons is an important issue that has to be addressed. The accessibility of space to wheelchairs is a subject that has gained extensive attention. The problem that has to be solved is similar to that of the mobile robot path planning case. In this case, the conditions are more stringent than the mobile robot path planning. However, the planner has to produce trajectories of better quality. In this work, the problem is divided on three parts. The first part concerns the generation of paths between various zones of service based on the techniques developed for mobile robots path planning. The second part concerns the generation of paths by the person using a 3D simulator developed by the author. This simulator is based on the kinetic and dynamic models of the electric power wheelchair and virtual reality environment with collision detection. The third part concerns the evaluation of these trajectories based on varying criteria. These criteria are composed of classical parameters such as the distance and the angle as well as a new manoeuvrability criterion defined in this work. Examples of various Auto CAD architectural plans of dwellings are given to illustrate the proposed method
Schegg, Pierre. "Autonomous catheter and guidewire navigation for robotic percutaneous coronary interventions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILB007.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on automatic navigation of guidewires and catheters in the coronary arteries. We first introduce the context of interventional cardiology and percutaneous coronary interventions. We also justify the use of a robot for those procedures. We then link the guidewire navigation problem to the control of soft robots and review the existing literature.Our study starts with building realistic, dynamic simulations of the arteries, heart and their interaction with the instruments. This required the gathering of patient data, understanding how the heart beat motion deforms the heart and how these deformations impact guidewire navigation. Percutaneous coronary interventions are also very contact dense which is a challenge for both simulation speed and accuracy.We then used these simulations to frame the problem of navigating the coronaries as a sequential decision making problem. We determined the corresponding state and action spaces and devised a reward. We tested a variety of control schemes on the navigation problem, including inverse model based control and tree-search based control and proposed a novel combination of both which achieves good performance in navigating the coronaries.Finally, we design a vision algorithm and registration scheme to transfer the algorithms to a physical robot. The closed loop control scheme was tested on two different silicone phantoms and achieves the same success rate as navigating by hand or by tele-operating the robot
Alibay, Manu. "Fusion de données capteurs étendue pour applications vidéo embarquées." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0032/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with sensor fusion between camera and inertial sensors measurements in order to provide a robust motion estimation algorithm for embedded video applications. The targeted platforms are mainly smartphones and tablets. We present a real-time, 2D online camera motion estimation algorithm combining inertial and visual measurements. The proposed algorithm extends the preemptive RANSAC motion estimation procedure with inertial sensors data, introducing a dynamic lagrangian hybrid scoring of the motion models, to make the approach adaptive to various image and motion contents. All these improvements are made with little computational cost, keeping the complexity of the algorithm low enough for embedded platforms. The approach is compared with pure inertial and pure visual procedures. A novel approach to real-time hybrid monocular visual-inertial odometry for embedded platforms is introduced. The interaction between vision and inertial sensors is maximized by performing fusion at multiple levels of the algorithm. Through tests conducted on sequences with ground-truth data specifically acquired, we show that our method outperforms classical hybrid techniques in ego-motion estimation
Nguyen, Von Dim. "Validation and robust optimization of deep drawing process by simulation in the presence of uncertainty." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe ultimate objective of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility to validate and optimize a manufacturing process using numerical simulation and taking into account the irreducible uncertainties in the process, materials and geometry of manufactured product. Taking into account the uncertainties requires quantifying the effects of variations of model parameters on the outputs, by propagating these variations via computer simulation to assess their effects on the outputs. In this work, we have proposed a procedure to determine the sensitivity threshold of the numerical model to build numerical Design of Experiments consistent with this threshold. We have also shown that, given the uncertainties in the materials and the geometry of the product, it is possible to optimize certain process parameters to control the effects of uncertainties on the dimensional and morphological variations of the product. For this, we have proposed an optimization procedure based on NSGA-II algorithm and a meta-modeling of the process. The application for deep drawing of a U-shaped sheet metal part, springback included shows that it is a robust design problem for which we get all the compromise between the deviation from the mean and standard deviation of a "performance" depending on the process correctly chosen. Finally, the analysis of these results allows us to quantify the relationship between the notion of robustness of an optimized solution of the process and criteria for measuring the quality of the product
Goudali, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'étude d'un nouveau robot parallèle 2-delta à six degrés de liberté avec découplage." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2280.
Повний текст джерелаFrance, Laure. "Simulation graphique d'un robot bipède dans un environnement structuré." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004831.
Повний текст джерелаTissot, Romain. "Utilisation de l'IA pour l'analyse d'un robot parallèle à câbles destiné à l'assistance aux personnes fragiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4050.
Повний текст джерелаCable-driven parallel robots (CDPR) represent a new class of parallel robots. These robots use wound cables for their legs instead of the rigid link chains used in traditional parallel robots. This technology is cable-dependent and therefore subject to the unilateral forces exerted by the cables on the platform, the cables' elasticity, and sagging due to their own weight. Initially, we present the modeling of this type of robot, particularly focusing on the behavior of so-called Irvine cables, as this offers a more realistic approach compared to other models. Next, we address the use of neural networks (NN) for solving the direct kinametic model (DK), after having previously presented the performance of other solving methods for comparison. NNs exhibit interesting qualities for problem-solving in various fields; however, they will need to be significantly adapted to the DK problem, starting with the ability to determine multiple exact solutions while minimizing computation time, which is a critical challenge in this context. Finally, we will address the problem of calibrating the Young's modulus E of the cable materials, with the goal of identifying the elasticity of each cable based on measurements taken from the CDPR. The calibration aims to meet a crucial safety need in the context of mobility assistance for vulnerable individuals and can be used for maintenance and performance improvement. We demonstrate the feasibility of such calibration through simulation, using two methods: gradient descent and the use of NNs, while also highlighting their current limitations. These limitations indicate that further research and development are necessary to refine these methods for practical use, especially in real-world applications where accuracy and speed are of paramount importance
Renna, Ilaria. "Upper body tracking and Gesture recognition for Human-Machine Interaction." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066119.
Повний текст джерелаRobots are artificial agents that can act in humans’ world thanks to perception, action and reasoning capacities. In particular, robots companion are designed to share with humans the same physical and communication spaces in performing daily life collaborative tasks and aids. In such a context, interactions between humans and robots are expected to be as natural and as intuitive as possible. One of the most natural ways is based on gestures and reactive body motions. To make this friendly interaction possible, a robot companion has to be endowed with one or more capabilities allowing him to perceive, to recognize and to react to human gestures. This PhD thesis has been focused on the design and the development of a gesture recognition system that can be exploited in a human-robot interaction context. This system includes (1) a limbs-tracking algorithm that determines human body position during movements and (2) a higher-level module that recognizes gestures performed by human users. New contributions were made in both topics. First, a new approach is proposed for visual tracking of upper-body limbs. Analysing human body motion is challenging, due to the important number of degrees of freedom of the articulated object modelling the upper body. To circumvent the computational complexity, each limb is tracked with an Annealed Particle Filter and the different filters interact through Belief Propagation. 3D human body is described as a graphical model in which the relationships between the body parts are represented by conditional probability distributions. Pose estimation problem is thus formulated as a probabilistic inference over a graphical model, where the random variables correspond to the individual limb parameters (position and orientation) and Belief Propagation messages ensure coherence between limbs. Secondly, we propose a framework allowing emblematic gestures detection and recognition. The most challenging issue in gesture recognition is to find good features with a discriminant power (to distinguish between different gestures) and a good robustness to intrinsic gestures variability (the context in which gestures are expressed, the morphology of the person, the point of view, etc. ). In this work, we propose a new arm's kinematics normalization scheme reflecting both the muscular activity and arm's appearance when a gesture is performed. The obtained signals are first segmented and then analysed by two machine learning techniques: Hidden Markov Models and Support Vector Machines. The two methods are compared in a 5 classes emblematic gestures recognition task. Both systems show good performances with a minimalistic training database regardless to performer's anthropometry, gender, age or pose with regard to the sensing system. The work presented here has been done within the framework of a PhD thesis in joint supervision between the “Pierre et Marie Curie” University (ISIR laboratory, Paris) and the University of Genova (IIT--Tera department) and was labelled by the French-Italian University
Scarponi, Valentina. "Towards autonomous endovascular surgery : development of assistance tools for computer-aided interventions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAD051.
Повний текст джерелаThe treatment of cardiovascular diseases requires navigating guidewires and catheters through the vascular anatomy. This task can be very challenging and often results in prolonged procedures where both the patient and clinician are exposed to X-ray radiation.To address this limitation, this manuscript proposes two main systems: one that enhances fluoroscopic images and another that autonomously navigates surgical tools. The first is essentially an assistance system, overlaying the classical fluoroscopic images with information about the anatomy and about the predicted outcome of clinician’s actions before they are performed. The second is a Deep Reinforcement Learning controller which aims to autonomously perform the procedure by controlling an endovascular surgical robot. Currently, these robots function only as leader-follower devices and are unable to provide additional support to the caregiver during the procedure.In tests conducted on a phantom in the context of a user study, the enhanced fluoroscopic system reduced intervention time by 56%. The autonomous controller achieved, in a simulated environment, a success rate of over 95% on realistic anatomies, even when tested on geometries with characteristics completely different from the training models
Gravez, Philippe. "Étude d'un système de supervision pour la téléopération assistée par ordinateur." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10026.
Повний текст джерелаZanardi, Christian. "Modélisation d'interactions entre robots mobiles guidés par la vision." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT008H.
Повний текст джерелаDjian, Francis. "Modélisation thermique des thermostats pour oscillateurs à quartz et applications." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2021.
Повний текст джерелаBéraud, Nicolas. "Fabrication assistée par ordinateur pour le procédé EBM." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI052/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process allows to build metallic parts from powder. Thanks to the geometric and mechanical quality of the parts produced, the EBM process can be used to manufacture functional parts and not only prototypes. This process, with other additive metallic processes, make it possible to consider a transition from 3D printing to metallic additive manufacturing.The use of additive manufacturing in an industrial environment requires compliance with quality, cost and time criteria for the parts produced. The production of manufactured parts involves a series of numerical stages which is called the numerical chain. The numerical chain has a significant impact on the three criteria mentioned above. Thus, this thesis provides an answer to the following question:How Computer Aided Manufacturing can improve the quality, cost and time of the EBM manufacturing process?This problem is addressed through the following underlying question:What are the required characteristics for a Computer Aided Manufacturing system adapted to the EBM process?In order to answer this question, the current numerical chain is analyzed. Three main limitations are found:- the use of STL files format- the process cannot be optimized at different scales- the process cannot be simulatedTo solve these issues, a CAM environment is proposed. It allows the centralization of all numerical operations in a single environment. All supported formats can be used within this environment, such as native CAD file formats or STEP format. Software developments are done to prove the feasibility of such an environment.The CAM environment implementation reveals the crucial role of simulation in this system. It is therefore necessary to answer this second question:How to obtain an EBM process simulation allowing the development of parameters, virtually?Although EBM simulation is a recurrent subject in scientific literature, existing studies are based on the finite elements method but the calculation time needed is too important to be used in an CAM environment. Thus, an alternative type of simulation is created in this thesis: a simulation based on abacus. It is composed of a finite elements model, that allows heat maps generation for standards cases of heating and cooling. These heat maps are then transformed in abacus. The simulation algorithm based on abacus search the nearest abacus from the simulated situation in order to estimate the temperatures at the next time step.This simulation method was used to reduce the calculation time while keeping a sufficient precision to optimize process parameters.With the simulation based on abacus, a tool for the optimization of melting strategies is developed. This tool allows quality improvement for the produced parts through the calculation of melting strategies according to thermic criteria.To summarize, the main contributions of this work are:- the definition of requirements specifications of a powerful numerical chain for the EBM process- the development of a CAM environment adapted to the EBM process- the proposal of a fast simulation for the EBM process, based on abacus- the development of a tool for the optimization of melting strategies
Gomes, Junior Waldez Azevedo. "Improving Ergonomics Through Physical Human-Robot Collaboration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0208.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to provide tools for improving ergonomics at work environments. Some work activities in industry are commonly executed by workers in a non-ergonomic fashion, which may lead to musculoskeletal disorders in the short or in the long term.Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are a major health issue worldwide, that also represents important costs both for society and companies. WMSDs are known to be caused by multiple factors, such as repetitive motion, excessive force, and awkward, non-ergonomic body postures. Not surprisingly, work environments with such factors may present an incidence of WMSDs of up to 3 or 4 times higher than in the overall population.Here, our approach is to evaluate the human motion with respect to ergonomics indexes, optimize the motion, and intervene on the task based on the optimized motion.To evaluate the body posture ergonomics, we developed a Digital Human Model (DHM) simulation capable of replaying whole-body motions.In simulation, the initial movement can be iteratively improved, until an optimal ergonomic whole-body motion is obtained.We make the case that a robot in physical interaction with a human could drive the human towards more ergonomic whole-body motions, possibly to an ergonomically optimal motion. To design a robot controller that influences the body posture, we first investigate the human motor behavior in a human-human co-manipulation study. In this human dyad study, we observed motor behavior patterns that were used to design a collaboration controller for physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). In a new study, the same co-manipulation task was then executed by humans collaborating with a Franka Emika Panda robot
Louin, Jean-Charles. "Effets d'hétérogénéités de teneur en carbone sur les cinétiques de transformations de phase et sur la genèse des contraintes internes lors du refroidissement d'aciers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL077N.
Повний текст джерелаHeat treatment is a process that needs the control of both final microstructures and residual stresses and deformations. Numerical simulation is a useful tool for a better optimization of this process. The aim of our work was to contribute to the development of a numerical tool for the prediction of microstructures, stresses and strains during cooling of pieces that may contain chemical heterogeneities, particularly carbon content heterogeneities. Firstly, an existing model for the prediction of transformation kinetics in steels has been further developped in order to take into account the effects of the carbon content enrichment of austenite due to a partial ferritic transformation on the subsequent transformations. Coupled thermal, metallurgical, mechanical calculations have then been performed to study the effects of carbon content gradients on the microstructural evolutions and on the residual stresses development during cooling. Particularly, the possible effects of solidification macro and mesosegregations have been quantified in massive cylinders with sizes close to the size of an ingot. Secondly, experimental validations have been performed for homogeneous cylindrical specimen (40CrMnMo8 steel) and for a chemically heterogeneous specimen specifically designed for our study. The complete set of input data necessary for the simulations has been established from experimental characterizations of the steel. The role of chemical heterogeneity has been analysed through the experimental and calculated results. Finally, a good correlation has been obtained between measurements and calculation of the deformation during cooling of a 3D "croissant" shaped specimen
Sech, Nicolas Le. "Photocathodes à base de nanotubes de carbone sur substrats semi-conducteurs de type III-V. Application aux amplificateurs hyperfréquence." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/14/43/PDF/These_N_Le_Sech.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJurie, Frédéric. "Perception visuelle par propagation d'informations dans un réseau d'hypothèses, application à l'interprétation de scènes routières." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21519.
Повний текст джерелаFauchet, Gauthier. "Modélisation en deux points de la turbulence isotrope compressible et validation à l'aide de simulations numériques." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10027.
Повний текст джерелаMenezla, Rabea. "Réalisation d'un logiciel de résolution de l'équation de poisson à trois dimensions : Simulation numérique tridimensionnelle du claquage des composants à jonctions P-N." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECDL0027.
Повний текст джерелаElarbi, Boudihir Mohamed. "Contribution au guidage des robots mobiles par vision." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_ELARBI_BOUDIHIR_M.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJoly, Cécile. "Simulations numériques d'un jet rond turbulent et de son interaction avec un tourbillon de sillage." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0147.
Повний текст джерелаThe general context of this study concerns the impact of contrails, these famous white plumes frequently observed in the aircraft wake, on the atmosphere. From an aerodynamic point of view, the formation of the contrails is characterised by the interaction between a turbulent jet and a wing-tip vortex. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the thermal and dynamic phenomena involved in this flow. This work is based on the numerical resolution of the three-dimensional, unsteady and compressible Navier-Stokes and energy conservation equations. Two approaches are considered: the direct numerical simulation and the large eddy simulation. A temporal simulation of the transition to turbulence of a non-isothermal jet is performed without accounting for the vortex flow field. A the end of this simulation, a vortex model is superimposed on the jet flow field. The first part of this thesis describes the two approaches, the different subgrid models chosen for the large eddy simulations, and the numerical techniques employed. The second part is devoted to the jet flow simulation, and here the objective is to determine the subgrid model appropriated to this flow configuration. The third part is dedicated to the simulation of interaction between the jet and the vortex. Results are compared to experimental data. The simulations have demonstrated the development of large scale structures all around the vortex core. The temperature field concentrates in the large scale structures