Дисертації з теми "Robots autonomes – Systèmes à réaction"
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Carlési, Nicolas. "Coopération entre véhicules sous-marins autonomes : une approche organisationnelle réactive multi-agent." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20092.
Повний текст джерелаUnderwater marine applications are nowadays branching into various fields covering larger and deeper zones. Performing the required tasks with the aid of AUV flotillas is a real challenge. However, the advantages of using such a new technology are numerous. Firstly, this would highly reduce the cost of the mission thanks to the distribution of this former among the various AUV: the loss of one AUV or its bad functioning will not degrade the performance of the flotilla in general. Secondly, the use of a flotilla reduces the execution time of a mission given the parallelization of certain tasks. Finally, any mission can be accomplished by the flotilla by taking into consideration the specificity of each AUV. In fact, each of these vehicles holds different characteristics rendering the global architecture heterogeneous and therefore applicable in different contexts. However, the methods concerned with multi-AUV cooperation are hindered by two main limitations: (1) the number of communications induced and (2) the management of the heterogeneity in the flotilla.The proposed approach aims at responding to these challenges. The principal idea is to combine this reactive cooperational approach with an organizational one. The reactive cooperational approach allows the exchange of simple communication signals. However, it does not help in solving the problems of cooperation that are very constrained and that mainly concern the spatial coordination of homogeneous vehicles. The first contribution in this thesis is the extension of the satisfaction-altruism approach. A new reactive decisional mechanism capable of considering the cooperative actions of various natures is proposed. The second contribution consists in specifying the context of reactive interactions based on an organizational approach. The organizational model Agent/Group/Role is used in order to have an explicit representation of the flotilla. The concepts of "group" and especially "role" are used in the attribution of the communication signals allowing the accomplishment of heterogeneous interactions with a big modularity. A new concept is therefore born and is integrated in a new software architecture called REMORA intended to equip autonomous underwater vehicles. This proposed new method has been validated through various numerical simulations in different scenarios putting at stake heterogeneous AUV
Morin-Duponchelle, Guillaume. "Reconnaissance automatisée de points d’intérêts pour un robot d’inspection dans un environnement contraint et dégradé : inspection visuelle et chimique par un robot hexapode." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0009.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis subject concerns the automatic recognition of points of interest (PI) for an inspection robot in a constrained and degraded environment. The objective of this thesis work is to develop a robotic platform capable of carrying out autonomous missions based on detected visual and chemical PIs, a so-called bimodal problem. The combination of visual and chemical percepts optimizes localization accuracy and ensures information redundancy. The field of study concerns 3 application cases: case 1, the inspection is carried out in a confined space (industrial environment). Case 2, the inspection is carried out in an environment with a proven risk of loss of signal and predominantly rocky (mine, underground quarry). Case 3, the inspection is carried out in an environment that has undergone significant deformations and therefore a modified and chaotic geometry of the inspection sites (natural disasters such as earthquakes or landslides in an urban environment). In this study, a contextual case analysis method is proposed and presented in order to analyze the constraints of the different complex environments for the robotic solution. The thesis therefore brings together different issues: the study of environmental constraints, the choice of the robotic solution, autonomous navigation and visual and chemical servoing. Following this contextual analysis, a state of the art is oriented on the terrestrial robotic platform to determine the most suitable robotic solution to operate in the 3 application cases. The hexapod robots were chosen for their ability to overcome obstacles, their stability, and their carrying capacity for sensors, in particular. A method is proposed to reach the source of the percept in an unstructured environment by relying on visual and chemical PIs. For the evaluation of the proposed methodology, the visual PIs considered are of the QR code type and the detection of the concentration of a gas concerning chemical servoing. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is first demonstrated by simulations. Finally, a hexapod prototype is designed, built and developed using the ROS software architecture. The developed hexapod carried out a mission within an industrial environment and inside a shipbuilding including a series of obstacles (case 1 of the study). The results of this robotic approach arefinally presented, commented and discussed
Le, Bras Florent. "Contributions à l'asservissement visuel de véhicules aériens autonomes." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4110.
Повний текст джерелаThe visual servo control technology is based on measurements form a camera. This technique appeared in the late 80’s to control mobile robots or manipulators. Recently, visual servoing is applied to flying vehicles, for which this type of control has a strong operational potential. In this thesis, we focus on the design of visual servoing for two types of flying vectors : the VTOL minidrones and fixed-wing aircrafts. We try wherever possible to specify the problem in terms of regulation in the picture by taking into account the limitations of the sensors used. Thus we consider only the onboard sensors autonomous, and whose quality is consistent with a the considered visual servoing tasks. For this, we propose visual servoing laws adapted to the considered systems intheir control structures and their measurement systems. For VTOL minidrones, a series of control laws is proposed to stabilize the vehicle with respect to a relativity flat target which some landmarks are detected in real time. These commands have the distinction of not requiring measurements of the speed of translation. This characteristic is especially interesting, since this variable is particularly difficult to measure without GPS. One of the algorithms has been, validated in fight ion the platform. HoverEye developed by Bertin Technologies, it was, to our knowledge the first image based visual servoing, conducted indoors on a minidrones. For fixed-wing aircrafts, a next autonomous landing technique based on the detection of runway’s edges is proposed. This technique is image based and takes into account the specificities of aircraft flight dynamics. Moreover a specific estimate of cross-wind is proposed. Validation of this approach is performed on a complex simulator which includes images processing. Finally, we sought new applications in image based visual servoing for fixed-wing aircrafts. A control law for precise stabilization on observation orbit has been synthesized. It is based on the detection of a single landmark and translational optical flow. Simulations illustrate the performance of that algorithm
DE, MEDEIROS Adelardo A. D. "Contrôle d'exécution pour robots mobiles autonomes: architecture, spécification et validation." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010029.
Повний текст джерелаMedeiros, Adelardo Adelino Dantas de. "Contrôle d'exécution pour robots mobiles autonomes : architecture, spécification et validation." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30027.
Повний текст джерелаMourioux, Gilles. "Proposition d'une architecture multifonctions pour l'autonomie globale des robots." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2022.
Повний текст джерелаPy, Frédéric. "Contrôle d'exécution dans une architecture hiérarchisée pour systèmes autonomes." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30199.
Повний текст джерелаThere is an increasing need for advanced autonomy in complex embedded real-time systems such as robots or satellites. Still, this raises a major problem : on one side we have complex sys-tems - therefore, hard to validate - with little human intervention, on the other side these systems are used in domains where safety is critical. How can we guaranty that an autonomous system, with high level decisional capabilities, will exhibit a proper behavior and will not jeopardize the mission? The work we present here integrate an on-line execution control component for hierar-chical architectures. We first describe the role of this program. Then we introduce the R2C, our controller based on synchronous hypothesis, and the tool used to generate it. We then discuss why it is important to take into account the decisional components in our controller. We eventu-ally illustrate our contribution with some experimental results. We then conclude and give some possible future work in this area
Fleury, Sara. "Architecture de contrôle distribuée pour robot mobile autonome : principes, conception et applications." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165569.
Повний текст джерелаSotiropoulos, Thierry. "Test aléatoire de la navigation de robots dans des mondes virtuels." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30097/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the major challenges for the deployment of autonomous systems in diverse, unstructured and human shared environments, is the trust that can be placed in those systems. Indeed, internal faults in those systems, uncertainties on the perception, or even unforeseen situations, threat this confidence. Our work focus in autonomous robots, which are part of autonomous systems. The validation of the navigation software embedded in robots typically involves test campaigns in the field, which are expensive and potentially risky for the robot itself or its environment. These tests are able to test the system only in a small subset of situations. An alternative is to perform simulation-based testing, by immersing the software in virtual worlds. The aim of this thesis is to study the possibilities and limits offered by simulation-based testing of embedded software in autonomous systems. Our work deals particularly with simulation-based testing of the navigation layer of autonomous mobile robots. The first chapter introduce the contexts of dependability, autonomous systems and their testing, simulation and procedural generation of worlds. We identify and discuss the issues related to autonomous systems simulation-based testing, such as the definition and generation of inputs as well as the oracle. The procedural generation of worlds used in video games is retained as a way to answer the problem of the generation of test inputs (worlds and missions). A first contribution is presented in the second chapter, which is based on the definition and implementation of a first experimental simulation-based testing framework with a mobile robot. The navigation software used is integrated into the Genom framework and tested with the MORSE simulator. Through this experiment, first conclusions are drawn on the relevance of the procedural generation of worlds, and on the oracle to be considered. Measures such as tortuousness or indeterminism of navigation are defined. This first work also leads to propose an approach to define levels of difficulty of worlds. The purpose of the third chapter is to identify whether faults known and corrected in a academic navigation software could have been detected through simulation-based testing. Nearly 10 years of commits of the navigation software (including the P3D module which is an academic version of a trajectory planner used by NASA) were thus analyzed. Each fault detected is studied to determine the oracle necessary to detect it whether it could be activated in simulation. Many recommendations are extracted from this study, especially on the properties of the oracle to set up for this type of system. In the fourth chapter, lessons learned from the previous two chapters are implemented for the case of an industrial robot. The considered system, provided by our industrial partner Naïo is the agricultural robot Oz. The conclusions of the preceding chapters regarding the world generation and the oracles are validated by an intensive test campaign in simulation
Martin-Guillerez, Damien. "Mécanismes de prise de points de reprise opportunistes pour robots mobiles autonomes." Rennes 1, 2009. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2009/martin-guillerez.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFailures of mobile computing devices can lead to severe data loss. Collaborative robotic systems, designed to work in total autonomy, are sensitive to these failures. Usual methods relying on remote backup can no longer be used in a context of high mobility. Short-range communication media can be used to overcome data failure through opportunistic communications for data backup. When two devices enter their respective communication range, they can initiate an ephemeral data exchange. To overcome the lack of global network coverage in those system, we propose a backup system based on opportunistic communications to reduce the costs induced by failures inside a swarm of autonomous mobile robots
Alami, Rachid. "Robots autonomes : du concept au robot. Architectures, représentations et algorithmes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165562.
Повний текст джерелаVega, Emanuel Pablo. "Conception orientée-tâche et optimisation de systèmes de propulsion reconfigurables pour robots sous-marins autonomes." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0067/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this PhD thesis, the optimization of the propulsion and control of AUVs is developed. The hydrodynamic model of the AUVs is examined. Additionally, AUV propulsion topologies are studied and models for fixed and vectorial technology are developed. The fixed technology model is based on an off the shelf device, while the modeled vectorial propulsive system is based on a magnetic coupling thruster prototype developed in IRDL (Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme) at ENI Brest. A control method using the hydrodynamic model is studied, its adaptation to two AUV topologies is presented and considerations about its applicability will be discussed. The optimization is used to find suitable propulsive topologies and control parameters in order to execute given robotic tasks, speeding up the convergence and minimizing the energy consumption. This is done using a genetic algorithm, which is a stochastic optimization method used for task-based design.The results of the optimization can be used as a preliminary stage in the design process of an AUV, giving ideas for enhanced propulsive configurations. The optimization technique is also applied to an IRDL existing robot, modifying only some of the propulsive topology parameters in order to readily adapt it to different tasks, making the AUV dynamically reconfigurable
Marey, Mohammed Abdel-Rahman. "Contributions to control modeling in visual servoing, task redundancy and joint limits avoidance." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S134.
Повний текст джерелаL’asservissement visuel est devenu une approche classique dans le cadre de la commande de robots exploitant les informations fournies par un capteur de vision dans une boucle de commande. La recherche décrite dans cette thèse vise à résoudre des problèmes d’asservissement et à améliorer la capacité de gérer plus efficacement les tâches supplémentaires. Cette thèse présente tout d’abord l’état de l’art en asservissement visuel, redondance et évitement des butées articulaires. Elle propose ensuite les contributions suivantes: Un schéma de commande est obtenu en introduisant un paramètre de comportement dans un contrôle hybride. Il permet un meilleur comportement du système lorsque des valeurs appropriées du paramètre sont sélectionnées. Une étude analytique des lois de commandes les plus courantes et de la nouvelle loi proposée est effectuée dans le cas de mouvements de translation et de rotation selon l’axe optique. De nouveaux schémas de commande sont également proposés pour améliorer le comportement du système lorsque la configuration désirée est singulière. Les contributions théoriques concernant le formalisme de la redondance reposent sur l’élaboration d’un opérateur de projection obtenu en ne considérant que la norme de la tâche principale. Cela conduit à un problème moins contraint et permet d’élargir le domaine d’application. De nouvelles stratégies d’évitement des butées articulaires du robot fondées sur la redondance sont développées. Le problème d’ajouter des tâches secondaires à la tâche principale, tout en assurant l’évitement des butées articulaires, est également résolu. Tous ces travaux ont été validés par des expérimentations dans le cadre d’applications d’asservissement visuel
Mansard, Nicolas. "Enchaînement de tâches robotiques." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S097.
Повний текст джерелаRuffo, de Bonneval de la Fare des Comtes de Sinopoli de Calabre Marie-des-Neiges. "Problèmes éthiques posés par le remplacement de l'humain par des robots : le cas des systèmes d'armes autonomes." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040006.
Повний текст джерелаThis work examines the ethical impact of replacing human beings with robots, especially in the military context. It focuses on existing military robots and on programmes contributing to their autonomy until 2015. Increasing autonomy of robots signs the possible replacement of the human being; the moral behaviour of the machines replacing the moral action of man is therefore an issue. Can the robot be a moral agent? Can one create an artificial moral agent? What are the technical, algorithmic, legal and ethical constraints that such achievement would face, especially in the military environment? Robotics are a reality having already an impact on the political and military world, as illustrated by the use of unmanned air vehicles. What might be the effects of greater autonomy of robots in obtaining victory and towards military ethics? The innovative aspect should not obliterate the challenges facing soldiers as well as robots. If no one is infallible, what can one conclude about the project of creating moral robots, and what kind of future can we look for in view of friendly robotics respecting military ethics?
Legault, Jérémie. "La régulation internationale des SALA : est-elle nécessaire et voulue par les États en mesure de les développer?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67240.
Повний текст джерелаThe research surrounding the development of lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) is in full swing for a few years and the autonomy in the military robotic is becoming an increasingly coveted attraction by States. However, the design and use of LAWS on modern battlefields raise issues related to international humanitarian law (IHL). Will these autonomous robot soldiers be able to reliably apply the principles of the conduct of hostilities? Will LAWS be able to make less targeting errors than human soldiers? As a first step, this bidisciplinary dissertation aims to answer the following research question: Is current IHL sufficient to effectively regulate LAWS? Secondly, this research will attempt to determine the posture of five key States in this matter in relation to a specific regulation of LAWS. Thus, the second question of research goes as follows: Do states able to develop LAWS have the will to regulate them? An elaborate legal analysis and a review of the different political behaviours of relevant States will help answer these two questions and provide a realistic and current picture of the international debates concerning the advent of robot soldiers.
Kökösy, Annemarie. "Système de commande automatique et poursuite pratique : application aux robots industriels." Université de Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2002.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of the thesis develops the theory of the practical pursuit of continuous, non-linear dynamic systems, in this case of mechanical systems. The synthesis of a command guaranteeing this quality of tracking is particularly advantageous for industrial systems. One of the major differences between tracking in Lyapunnov's sense and practical tracking relates to the time interval over which the different tracking properties are defined. For the pursuit in the sense of Lyapunnov, the final time is infinite, while for the practical pursuit, the final time can be finite or infinite. […] After having established the sufficient conditions guaranting the pursuit, the second part of the thesis presents the synthesis of a practical pursuit order. [. . . ] All the theoretical results are illustrated and fully verified by simulations carried out on a robot with three degrees of freedom in rotation
Clodic, Aurélie. "Supervision pour un robot interactif : action et interaction pour un robot autonome en environnement humain." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30248.
Повний текст джерелаHuman-robot collaborative task achievement requires specific task supervision and execution. In order to close the loop with their human partners robots must maintain an interaction stream in order to communicate their own intentions and beliefs and to monitor the activity of their human partner. In this work we introduce SHARY, a supervisor dedicated to collaborative task achievement in the human robot interaction context. The system deals for one part with task refinement and on the other part with communication needed in the human-robot interaction context. To this end, each task is defined at a communication level and at an execution level. This system has been developped on the robot Rackham for a tour-guide demonstration and has then be used on the robot Jido for a task of fetch and carry to demonstrate system genericity
Mouad, Mehdi. "Architecture de COntrôle/COmmande dédiée aux systèmes Distribués Autonomes (ACO²DA) : application à une plate-forme multi-véhicules." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22437/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe difficulty of coordinating a group of mobile robots is adressed in this thesis by investigating control architectures which aim to break task complexity. In fact, multi-robot navigation may become rapidly inextricable, specifically if it is made in hazardous and dynamical environment requiring precise and secure cooperation. The considered task is the navigation of a group of mobile robots in unknown environments in presence of (static and dynamic) obstacles. To overcome its complexity, it is proposed to divide the overall task into a set of basic behaviors/controllers (obstacle avoidance, attraction to a dynamical target, planning, etc.). Applied control is chosen among these controllers according to sensors information (camera, local sensors, etc.). The specificity of the theoretical approach is to combine the benefits of multi-controller control architectures to those of multi-agent organizational models to provide a high level of coordination between mobile agents-robots systems. The group of mobile robots is then coordinated according to different norms and specifications of the organizational model. Thus, activating a basic behavior in favor of another is done in accordance with the structural constraints of the robots in order to ensure maximum safety and precision of the coordinated movements between robots. Cooperation takes place through a supervisor agent (centralized) to reach the desired destination faster ; unexpected events are individually managed by the mobile agents/robots in a distributed way. To guarantee performance criteria of the control architecture, hybrid systems tolerating the control of continuous systems in presence of discrete events are explored. In fact, this control allows coordinating (by discrete part) the different behaviors (continuous part) of the architecture. The development of ROBOTOPIA simulator allowed us to illustrate each contribution by many results of simulations
Daoud, Slim. "Conception optimisée de lignes d'emballage et de conditionnement (maîtrise et fiabilité des méthodes)." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0034.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis deals with a pick and place robotic system design problem. It is a robotic system which consists of seizing products on a moving conveyor and placing them on deposit points. The problem consists of providing an optimization method which is able to manage the functioning of robotic systems in real time. Therefore, bounded by the execution time due to the requirements of our industrial partner, we have developed different optimization methods in order to enhance the efficiency and to balance the different tasks between the robots by defining the suitable tasks and components for each robot. The mains contributions of our researches are as follows: first, we have presented a simulation tool which is able to evaluate the performances and to reflect the behavior of the robotic system. Then, we tried to optimize the functioning of the robots via different methods like simulation based optimization and different methods used for robotic assembly line balancing. All models and methodologies (metaheuristics and exact methods) that have been developed are considered as decision aid system that responds efficiently to the industrial need. We have coupled this tool with PLC to test its effectiveness in real cases. Numerical results show that the different algorithms perform optimally in terms of execution times and quality of solutions. This system has resulted in a new management robotic technique in real time and is subject to French Envloppe Soleau from National Industrial Property Institute
Frezza-Buet, Hervé. "Un modèle de cortex pour le comportement motivé d'un agent neuromimétique autonome." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10246.
Повний текст джерелаTessier, Cédric. "Système de localisation basé sur une stratégie de perception cognitive appliqué à la navigation autonome d'un robot mobile." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21784.
Повний текст джерелаFantoni-Coichot, Isabelle. "Commande non linéaire des systèmes mécaniques sous-motorisés." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1301.
Повний текст джерелаGirault, François. "L'environnement comme espace de cognition dans les systèmes multi-agents." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2070.
Повний текст джерелаDuchaine, Vincent. "Commande des robots destinés à interagir physiquement avec l'humain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27224/27224.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Rafei Maher. "Commande d'un robot Anguille." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351003.
Повний текст джерелаShawky, Mohamed. "Architectures parallèles, vision et véhicules autonomes : étude et mise en oeuvre." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMP0532.
Повний текст джерелаSoyez, Jean-Baptiste. "Conception et modélisation de systèmes de systèmes : une approche multi-agents multi-niveaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10184/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main problematic of this thesis, which takes place in the context of the european project InTraDE (Intelligent Transportation for Dynamic Environment), deals with the modeling of systems of systems (SoS). A SoS is a system composed of a hierarchy of autonomous systems present in several representation levels. This thesis answers the need of generic modeling tools respecting the fundamental characteristics of SoS, proposing a multi-level multi-agent formalism and algorithms wich insure their respect. The use of a multi-agent model allows to take advantage of the natural autonomy of agents and the multi-level aspect of our model permits to modeled entities to reason about the organisational hierarchy of the system, carrying the explicit notion of level. Besides the modeling of complex systems, this thesis also deals with the problematic related to their simulations, particularly, the fact that computer resources (used memory and microchips) needed to simulate with precision such systems are truly important. We propose a methodology to benefit from the muli-level simulations capacity to produce compromise between the simulation precision and the used computer resources
Courbon, Jonathan. "Navigation de Robots Mobiles par Mémoire Sensorielle." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664837.
Повний текст джерелаGomez, Adrien. "Concevoir et animer pour l'acceptation de robots zoomorphiques." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/9295.
Повний текст джерелаThe robot is a figure that is regularly found in fiction, on different media. Very often it is associated with the myth of Frankenstein, the creature that rebels against its creator and threatens humanity. This fear has gradually taken root in the collective unconscious, even if it seems irrational when we observe real robots and their applications. Because these machines have also been developed outside fiction. Not necessarily in the same form or for the same purposes. But the appearance of these artificial beings also generates fears. This is why a branch of research has been developed under the name acceptance.The acceptance of robots is one of the major goals in the development of this technology within our society. The development of different service robots, or co-worker robots, is increasing. The interaction and sharing of social space with robots continues to increase. This is why it is important to find ways to integrate these machines as well as possible. Because there are social, economic, and scientific issues behind them. One of the pathes that has been developed is the use of animations techniques. We extend this track here to apply it to the acceptance of zoomorphic robots. A category of robot little studied so far. Our study was devoted to a particular case, a hexapod robot, named R.HEX, developed at the Laboratory of Computer Science, Robotics and Microelectronics of Montpellier.To develop our research, we set up a survey using virtual reality. A new way of expression that also required the learning of new staging and narrative codes, in order to best reproduce a credible experience. This experience allowed us to compare animation movements and movements calculated by simulator, in order to determine how to better use animation tools
Deremetz, Mathieu. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la commande de robots mobiles autonomes et adaptables en milieux naturels." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC079/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is focused on the conceptualization, the modeling and the genericcontrol of mobile robots when moving in off-road contexts and facing slipperyterrains, especially for very accurate tracking and following applications. Thisthesis summarizes the proposed methods and the obtained results to addressthis research issue, first for path following applications (absolute localization)and then for edge and target tracking applications (relative localization). A finalsection of this thesis introduces an adaptive robotic concept and its associatedcontroller allowing the adaptation of the pose (position and orientation) of thechassis with respect to the environment topography.For each application, this thesis introduces a panel of innovative control algorithmsfor controlling skid-steering, two-wheel steering and four-wheel steeringmobile robots. Each algorithm of the panel is described, in this thesis, infour steps : modeling, estimation, control and experiments.The first main contribution of this thesis deals with the slippage estimation.The latter is adaptive and model-based. It also includes the extended kinematicmodeling only or together with the dynamic modeling of the mobile robot toensure a robust estimation of the slippage whatever the speed of the robot, encountereddynamic phenomena or even ground characteristics.The second main contribution deals with the design of a generic control approachfor mobile robots when path following and target tracking. The proposedstrategy is mostly based on a backstepping method and is illustrated inthis thesis via a panel of control laws. When combining this proposed controlapproach with the slippage estimation described above, significant improvedtracking and following performances are obtained (in term of stability, repeatability,accuracy and robustness) whatever the encountered context.All algorithms have been tested and validated through simulations and/orfull-scale experiments, indoor and off-road, with different mobile robots
Khelfi, Mohamed Fayçal. "Observateurs non linéaires : application à la commande des robots manipulateurs." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10364.
Повний текст джерелаHo, Dinh Khanh. "Gestion des ressources et de l’énergie orientée qualité de service pour les systèmes robotiques mobiles autonomes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4000.
Повний текст джерелаMobile robotic systems are becoming more and more complex with the integration of advanced sensing and acting components and functionalities to perform the real required missions. For these technical systems, the requirements are divided into two categories: functional and non-functional requirements. While functional requirements represent what the robot must do to accomplish the mission, non-functional requirements represent how the robot performs the mission. Thus, the quality of service and energy efficiency of a robotic mission are classified in this category. The autonomy of these systems is fully achieved when both functional and non-functional requirements are guaranteed without any human intervention or any external control. However, these mobile systems are naturally confronted with resource availability and energy capacity constraints, particularly in the context of long-term missions, these constraints become more critical. In addition, the performance of these systems is also influenced by unexpected and unstructured environmental conditions in which they interact. The management of resources and energy during operation is therefore a challenge for autonomous mobile robots in order to guarantee the desired performance objectives while respecting constraints. In this context, the ability of the robotic system to become aware of its own internal behaviors and physical environment and to adapt to these dynamic circumstances becomes important.This thesis focuses on the quality of service and energy efficiency of mobile robotic systems and proposes a hierarchical run-time management in order to guarantee these non-functional objectives of each robotic mission. At the local management level of each robotic mission, a Mission Manager employs a reinforcement learning-based decision-making mechanism to automatically reconfigure certain key mission-specific parameters to minimize the level of violation of required performance and energy objectives. At the global management level of the whole system, a Multi-Mission Manager leveraged rule-based decision-making and case-based reasoning techniques monitors the system's resources and the responses of Mission Managers in order to decide to reallocate the energy budget, regulate the quality of service and trigger the online learning for each robotic mission.The proposed methodology has been successfully prototyped and validated in a simulation environment and the run-time management framework is also integrated into our real mobile robotic system based on a Pioneer-3DX mobile base equipped with an embedded NVIDIA Jetson Xavier platform
Abadi, Amine. "Contribution à la génération de trajectoires optimales pour les systèmes differentiellement plats application au cas d’un Quadri-rotor." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3070.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we are interested in the autonomous navigation of robotic systems, particularly quadrotor UAV systems. We have focused on the problems related to the generation of optimal trajectories and the design of robust control to ensure tracking.In the first part of the thesis, a new method for generating trajectories is proposed. This method is based on the direct-collocation technique, differential flatness and Bézier curves.Differential flatness is used to reduce the number of parameters of the optimization problem.Bézier curves are used to approximate the flat outputs. The direct-collocation method transforms the problem of infinite optimization into a problem of nonlinear programming with finite dimension. The suggested methodology allows solving complex problems of calculating optimal trajectories in a fast, simple and efficient way, because the number of parameters will be considerably decreased, exceeding a reduction rate of 60 %.In the second part of the thesis, we put forward robust control to parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Using flatness, the nonlinear system is transformed into a linear Brunovsky canonical form, for which it is easier to create a state feedback controller. To consider the parametric uncertainties and the external disturbances affecting the system, we propose an algorithm which uses the sliding mode and active disturbance rejection control.The simulation results show that the considered approach permits eliminating the effect oftotal disturbances and reducing the effect of chattering while ensuring the required degree of robustness.For unknown disturbances with significant variations affecting both the system and the measurements,we are interested in the last part of the thesis in developing new flatness control based on an interval observer
Abouzahir, Mohamed. "Algorithmes SLAM : Vers une implémentation embarquée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS058/document.
Повний текст джерелаAutonomous navigation is a main axis of research in the field of mobile robotics. In this context, the robot must have an algorithm that allow the robot to move autonomously in a complex and unfamiliar environments. Mapping in advance by a human operator is a tedious and time consuming task. On the other hand, it is not always reliable, especially when the structure of the environment changes. SLAM algorithms allow a robot to map its environment while localizing it in the space.SLAM algorithms are becoming more efficient, but there is no full hardware or architectural implementation that has taken place . Such implantation of architecture must take into account the energy consumption, the embeddability and computing power. This scientific work aims to evaluate the embedded systems implementing locatization and scene reconstruction (SLAM). The methodology will adopt an approach AAM ( Algorithm Architecture Matching) to improve the efficiency of the implementation of algorithms especially for systems with high constaints. SLAM embedded system must have an electronic and software architecture to ensure the production of relevant data from sensor information, while ensuring the localization of the robot in its environment. Therefore, the objective is to define, for a chosen algorithm, an architecture model that meets the constraints of embedded systems. The first work of this thesis was to explore the different algorithmic approaches for solving the SLAM problem. Further study of these algorithms is performed. This allows us to evaluate four different kinds of algorithms: FastSLAM2.0, ORB SLAM, SLAM RatSLAM and linear. These algorithms were then evaluated on multiple architectures for embedded systems to study their portability on energy low consumption systems and limited resources. The comparison takes into account the time of execution and consistency of results. After having deeply analyzed the temporal evaluations for each algorithm, the FastSLAM2.0 was finally chosen for its compromise performance-consistency of localization result and execution time, as a candidate for further study on an embedded heterogeneous architecture. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the study of an embedded implementing of the monocular FastSLAM2.0 which is dedicated to large scale environments. An algorithmic modification of the FastSLAM2.0 was necessary in order to better adapt it to the constraints imposed by the largescale environments. The resulting system is designed around a parallel multi-core architecture. Using an algorithm architecture matching approach, the FastSLAM2.0 was implemeted on a heterogeneous CPU-GPU architecture. Uisng an effective algorithme partitioning, an overall acceleration factor o about 22 was obtained on a recent dedicated architecture for embedded systems. The nature of the execution of FastSLAM2.0 algorithm could benefit from a highly parallel architecture. A second instance hardware based on programmable FPGA architecture is proposed. The implantation was performed using high-level synthesis tools to reduce development time. A comparison of the results of implementation on the hardware architecture compared to GPU-based architectures was realized. The gains obtained are promising, even compared to a high-end GPU that currently have a large number of cores. The resulting system can map a large environments while maintainingthe balance between the consistency of the localization results and real time performance. Using multiple calculators involves the use of a means of data exchange between them. This requires strong coupling (communication bus and shared memory). This thesis work has put forward the interests of parallel heterogeneous architectures (multicore, GPU) for embedding the SLAM algorithms. The FPGA-based heterogeneous architectures can particularly become potential candidatesto bring complex algorithms dealing with massive data
Bournat, Marjorie. "Graceful Degradation and Speculation for Robots in Highly Dynamic Environments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS035.
Повний текст джерелаDistributed systems are systems composed of multiple communicant processes cooperating to solve a common task. This is a generic model for numerous real systems as wired or mobile networks, shared-memory multiprocessor systems, and so on. From an algorithmic point of view, it is well-known that strong assumptions (as asynchronism or mobility) on such systems lead often to impossibility results or high lower bounds on complexity. In this thesis, we study algorithms that adapt themselves to their environment (i.e., the union of all assumptions on the system) by focusing on the two following approaches. Graceful degradation circumvents impossibility results by degrading the properties offered by the algorithm as the environment become stronger. Speculation allows to bypass high lower bounds on complexity by optimizing the algorithm only on more probable environments. Robot networks are a particular case of distributed systems where processes are endowed with sensors and able to move from a location to another. We consider dynamic environments in which this ability may evolve with time. This thesis answers positively to the open question whether it is possible and attractive to apply gracefully degrading and speculative approaches to robot networks in dynamic environments. This answer is obtained through contributions on gracefully degrading gathering (where all robots have to meet on the same location in finite time) and on speculative perpetual exploration (where robots must visit infinitely often each location)
St-Onge, David. "Modélisation et commande d'un robot volant robuste." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28664/28664.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMostefaoui, Imene Meriem. "Analyse mathématique d’un système dynamique/réaction-diffusion modélisant la distribution des bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques dans les rivières." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is the qualitative study of some models of the dynamic and the distribution of bacteria in a river. We are interested in the stability of equilibria and the existence of periodic solutions. The thesis can be divided into two parts; the first part is concerned with a mathematical analysis of a system of differential equations modelling the dynamics and the interactions of four species of bacteria in a river. The asymptotic behavior of equilibria is established. The stability study of equilibrium states is mainly done by construction of Lyapunov functions combined with LaSalle's invariance principle. On the other hand, the existence of periodic solutions is proved under certain conditions using the continuation theorem of Mawhin. In the second part of this thesis, we propose a non-autonomous convection-reaction diffusion system with nonlinear reaction source functions. This model refers to the quantification and the distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in a river. Our main contributions are : (i) the determination of the limit set of the system; it is shown that it is reduced to the solutions of the associated elliptic system; (ii) sufficient conditions for the existence of a positive solution of the associated elliptic system based on the Leray Schauder's degree theory
Isfoula, Fayrouz. "Une approche du suivi de consensus pour les systèmes multi-agents." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2303.
Повний текст джерелаAn agent is an autonomous dynamics system that can coordinate with the environment as well as with other agents. A group of these autonomous agents working in coordination is called a Multi-agent system (MAS). A MAS has several advantages over single agent operation. The main objective of MAS is to achieve a complex goal which is hard to achieve by a single agent. In MAS, each agent shares its information (states) to the neighbors only to complete the task hence no centralized monitoring systems is required. We can define a multi-agent system as a network in which information is distributed. The interest of researchers in the study of distributed control and distributed coordination of autonomous agent networks is motivated by the fact that it has the ability to cope with the problems associated with centralized communication network and also allow the switching network topologies.The algorithms for distributed networks only use local information, and are robust to variations of network topology and can accommodate network with large size.One of the most studied problems in the field of MAS is the consensus, which can be defined as: for any initial conditions for all agent, what are the conditions that should hold in order that the agents agree on a common value asymptotically while only information is exchanged between neighboring agents.This thesis deals with the development of control law to achieve the consensus for fixed and switching topologies, with or without a leader (consensus tracking). It also investigates the problem of the quality of information in the network. In consensus tracking, the notion of perceptive leader is developed and a control law is proposed for a fixed and switching topology
Royer, Eric. "Cartographie 3D et localisation par vision monoculaire pour la navignation autonome d'un robot mobile." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00698908.
Повний текст джерелаMaghenem, Mohamed Adlene. "Stability and Stabilization of Networked Systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS186/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we propose a Lyapunov based approaches to address some distributedsolutions to multi-agent coordination problems, more precisely, we consider a groupof agents modeled as nonholonomic mobile robots, we provide a distributed controllaws in order to solve the leader-follower and the leaderless consensus problems under different assumptions on the communication graph topology and on the leader’strajectories. The originality of this work relies on the closed-loop analysis approach, that is, it consists on transforming the last two problems into a global stabilization problem of an invariant set. The stability analysis is mainly based on the construction of strict Lyapunov functions and strict Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals for a classes of nonlinear time-varying and/or delayed systems
Spaenlehauer, Ariane. "Decentralized monocular-inertial multi-UAV SLAM system." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2494.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we provide a scheme for localization of a fleet of autonomous UAVs (unmanned autonomous vehicles) within a Technological System-of-Systems architecture. Specifically, we aim for a fleet of autonomous UAVs to localize themselves and to obtain a map of an unknown environment using a minimal set of sensors on each UAV: A front monocular camera and an Inertial Measurement Unit. This is a critically important problem for applications such as exploration of unknown areas, or search and rescue missions. The choices for designing such a system are supported by an extensive study of the scientific literature on two broad fronts: First, about the multi-robot systems performing localization, mapping, navigation and exploration, and second, about the monocular, real-time and inertial-monocular SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithms. Processing monocular camera frames suffers the drawback of lacking the capability of providing metric estimates as the depth dimension is lost when the frames are photographed by the camera. Although, it is usually not a critical problem for single-robot systems, having accurate metric estimates is required for multi-robot systems. This requirement becomes critical if the system is designed for control, navigation and exploration purposes. In this thesis, we provide a novel approach to make the outputs of monocular SLAM algorithms metric through a loosely-coupled fusion scheme by using the inertial measurements. This work also explores a design for a fleet of UAVs to localize each robot with minimal requirements: No a priori knowledge about the environment, information about neither the position nor the moment in time the UAV takes off and land is required. Moreover, the system presented in the thesis handles aggressive UAV trajectories having dramatic changes in speed and altitude. In multi-robot systems, the question of the coordinate frames require more attention than in single robot systems. In many studies, the coordinate frame problem is simplified to the representation of the fleet and the expression of the measurements in a global coordinate frame. However, this kind of hypothesis implies either the use of additional sensors to be able to measure the transformations to the global coordinate frame or additional experimental constraints, for example about the starting position of the robots. Our system does not require absolute measurements like GNSS positioning or knowledge about the coordinate frame of each UAV. As each UAV of the fleet estimates its location and produces a map in its own coordinate frame, relations between those coordinate frames are found by our scheme. For that purpose, we extend the well known concept of loop-closures in single-robot SLAM approaches, to multi-robot systems. In this research work, we also provide an overview of the new effects due to the extended definition of loop-closures we provide in comparison with the loop-closures scheme that can be found in single robot SLAM algorithms. In addition to the coordinate frame problem, we provide experimental results about the possibilities for improving the location estimate of a fleet by considering the places visited by several UAVs. By searching for similar places using each UAV imagery, using the 2-D information encapsulated in the images of the same sceneryfrom different view points, and the 3-D map locally estimated by each UAV, we add new constraints to the SLAM problem that is the main scheme that can be used to improve the UAV location estimates. We included experiments to assess the accuracy of the inter-UAV location estimation. The system was tested using datasets with measurements recorded on board UAVs in similar conditions as the ones we target
Abci, Boussad. "Approche informationnelle pour la navigation autonome tolérante aux défauts : application aux systèmes robotiques mobiles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I073.
Повний текст джерелаOver the last years, autonomous navigation for mobile robot systems has known an increasing interest from the scientific community. This is mainly due to the diversity of its applications and the different challenges that it represents. Without any human intervention, autonomous navigation must be safe, reliable and accurate. Nevertheless, it may be subject to various degradations that could compromise its objective. Indeed, external disturbances, as well as sensor and actuator faults, may affect the different aspects of autonomous navigation, which are localization, path planning and trajectory tracking. This is why we are devoting this thesis to the design of new algorithms that contribute to make the navigation system robust against external disturbances and tolerant to sensor and actuator fauts. We have adopted a residual generation based fault-diagnosis strategy combined with a robust sliding mode controller that is robust against a certain class of perturbations that are not necessary uniformly bounded. The proposed diagnostic layer is purely informational. It is based on the use of two information filters with different evolution models, and the divergences of Bhattacharyya and Kullback-Leibler for residual design. These residuals are evaluated using statistical methods, in order to detect, isolate then exclude sensor and actuator faults from the navigation system. The proposed approach is applied to different differential drive mobile-robot systems. Experimental results obtained by using the CRIStAL robotic platform, so-called PRETIL, are presented and discussed
Bernardes, Vitor Giovani. "Urban environment perception and navigation using robotic vision : conception and implementation applied to automous vehicle." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2155/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of autonomous vehicles capable of getting around on urban roads can provide important benefits in reducing accidents, in increasing life comfort and also in providing cost savings. Intelligent vehicles for example often base their decisions on observations obtained from various sensors such as LIDAR, GPS and Cameras. Actually, camera sensors have been receiving large attention due to they are cheap, easy to employ and provide rich data information. Inner-city environments represent an interesting but also very challenging scenario in this context,where the road layout may be very complex, the presence of objects such as trees, bicycles,cars might generate partial observations and also these observations are often noisy or even missing due to heavy occlusions. Thus, perception process by nature needs to be able to dea lwith uncertainties in the knowledge of the world around the car. While highway navigation and autonomous driving using a prior knowledge of the environment have been demonstrating successfully,understanding and navigating general inner-city scenarios with little prior knowledge remains an unsolved problem. In this thesis, this perception problem is analyzed for driving in the inner-city environments associated with the capacity to perform a safe displacement basedon decision-making process in autonomous navigation. It is designed a perception system that allows robotic-cars to drive autonomously on roads, with out the need to adapt the infrastructure,without requiring previous knowledge of the environment and considering the presenceof dynamic objects such as cars. It is proposed a novel method based on machine learning to extract the semantic context using a pair of stereo images, which is merged in an evidential grid to model the uncertainties of an unknown urban environment, applying the Dempster-Shafer theory. To make decisions in path-planning, it is applied the virtual tentacle approach to generate possible paths starting from ego-referenced car and based on it, two news strategies are proposed. First one, a new strategy to select the correct path to better avoid obstacles and tofollow the local task in the context of hybrid navigation, and second, a new closed loop control based on visual odometry and virtual tentacle is modeled to path-following execution. Finally, a complete automotive system integrating the perception, path-planning and control modules are implemented and experimentally validated in real situations using an experimental autonomous car, where the results show that the developed approach successfully performs a safe local navigation based on camera sensors
Guo, Yan. "Perception multimodale pour un robot mobile en milieu marin." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637552.
Повний текст джерелаYazbeck, Jano. "Accrochage immatériel sûr et précis de véhicules automatiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0070/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the platooning problem which aims to concieve a control algorithm allowing a convoy of vehicles to follow their leader's path. This path, which is initially undefined and unknown to all the following robots, is generated as the leader moves. In this thesis, we choose a local decentralized approach in which each robot of the platoon uses its local perceptions to compute its own commands aiming to achieve a stable (no oscillations) and precise (with a lateral error as small as possible) platooning. More precisely, this thesis studies the lateral behavior of a platoon's robot and introduces two controllers based on the memorization of the robot's predecessor's path. The first algorithm, Memo-LAT (Memorization and Look-Ahead Target), computes a continuous lateral command using an analytic control law. As the stability of Memo-LAT is not always guaranteed, we present NOC (Non-Oscillatory Convergence), a control algorithm which takes into account the path's curvature in the robot's lateral behavior's computation. NOC combines a geometric approach to a heuristic search method to compute a discrete command allowing the robot to follow precisely and without oscillations its predecessor's path
Hireche, Chabha. "Etude et implémentation sur SoC-FPGA d'une méthode probabiliste pour le contrôle de mission de véhicule autonome Embedded context aware diagnosis for a UAV SoC platform, in Microprocessors and Microsystems 51, June 2017 Context/Resource-Aware Mission Planning Based on BNs and Concurrent MDPs for Autonomous UAVs, in MDPI-Sensors Journal, December 2018." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0067.
Повний текст джерелаAutonomous systems embed different types of sensors, applications and powerful calculators. Thus, they are used in different fields of application and perform various simple or complex tasks. Generally, these missions are executed in nondeterministic environments with the presence of random events that can affect the mission's progress. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly assess the health of the system and its hardware and software components in order to detect failures using Bayesian Networks.Subsequently, a decision is made by the mission planner by generating a new mission plan that ensures the mission in response to the detected event. This decision is made using the Markov Decision Process model based on constraints such as the mission objective, the health status of sensors and embedded applications, the mission policy "safety policy" or "mission first policy", etc. As autonomous systems perform different tasks that require different performance, it is necessary to consider the use of hardware accelerators on SoC-FPGA in order to meet high-performance computing constraints and unload the CPU if needed
Khannoussi, Arwa. "Intégration des préférences d'un opérateur dans les décisions d'un drone autonome et élicitation incrémentale de ces préférences." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0080.
Повний текст джерелаA fully autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft without a human pilot on board. It is consequently able to accomplish a mission without the intervention of a human operator and to make decisions in a totally autonomous way. This implies that the ground operator must have a high level of confidence in the decisions made by the UAV.The main objective of this thesis is therefore to propose a decision engine to be embedded in the autonomous UAV that guarantees a high level of operator confidence in the UAV's ability to make the "right" decisions. For this purpose, we propose a multi-level decision engine composed of two main decision levels. The first one monitors the state of the UAV and its environment to detect events that can disrupt the mission’s execution and trigger the second level. Once triggered, it allows to choose a highlevel action (landing, continuing,...) best adapted to the current situation from a set of possible actions. This engine also integrates the operator's preferences by using Multi-Criteria Decision Aiding models. They require a preliminary phase before the mission, where the operator's preferences are elicited, before being integrated into the UAV. To reduce the operator's effort during this phase, we propose an incremental elicitation process during which the questions submitted to the operator are deduced from the previous answers. This allows us to determine a model that accurately represents his or her preferences, while minimizing the number of questions
Fernández, Pérez Iñaki. "Distributed Embodied Evolutionary Adaptation of Behaviors in Swarms of Robotic Agents." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0300/document.
Повний текст джерелаRobot swarms are systems composed of a large number of rather simple robots. Due to the large number of units, these systems, have good properties concerning robustness and scalability, among others. However, it remains generally difficult to design controllers for such robotic systems, particularly due to the complexity of inter-robot interactions. Consequently, automatic approaches to synthesize behavior in robot swarms are a compelling alternative. In this thesis, we focus on online behavior adaptation in a swarm of robots using distributed Embodied Evolutionary Robotics (EER) methods. To this end, we provide three main contributions: (1) We investigate the influence of task-driven selection pressure in a swarm of robotic agents using a distributed EER approach. We evaluate the impact of a range of selection pressure strength on the performance of a distributed EER algorithm. The results show that the stronger the task-driven selection pressure, the better the performances obtained when addressing given tasks. (2) We investigate the evolution of collaborative behaviors in a swarm of robotic agents using a distributed EER approach. We perform a set of experiments for a swarm of robots to adapt to a collaborative item collection task that cannot be solved by a single robot. Our results show that the swarm learns to collaborate to solve the task using a distributed approach, and we identify some inefficiencies regarding learning to choose actions. (3) We propose and experimentally validate a completely distributed mechanism that allows to learn the structure and parameters of the robot neurocontrollers in a swarm using a distributed EER approach, which allows for the robot controllers to augment their expressivity. Our experiments show that our fully-decentralized mechanism leads to similar results as a mechanism that depends on global information
Cambier, Nicolas. "Bio-inspired collective exploration and cultural organisation." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2511.
Повний текст джерелаAutomatically-controlled artificial systems have recently been used in numerous settings including environmental monitoring and explorations, with great success. In such cases, the use of multiple robots could increase efficiency, although we should ensure that their communication and organisation strategies are robust, exible, and scalable. These qualities can be ensured through decentralisation, redundancy (many/all robots perform the same task), local interaction, and simplistic rules, as is the case in swarm robotics. One of the key components of swarm robotics is local interaction or communication. The later has, so far, only been used for relatively simple tasks such as signalling a robot's preference or state. However, communication has more potential because the emergence of meaning, as it exists in human language, could allow robots swarms to tackle novel situations in ways that may not be a priori obvious to the experimenter. This is a necessary feature for having swarms that are fully autonomous, especially in unknown environments. In this thesis, we propose a framework for the emergence of meaningful communications in swarm robotics using language games as a communication protocol and probabilistic aggregation as a case study. Probabilistic aggregation can be a prerequisite to many other swarm behaviours but, unfortunately, it is extremely sensitive to experimental conditions, and thus requires specific parameter tuning for any setting such as population size or density.With our framework, we show that the concurrent execution of the naming game and of probabilistic aggregation leads, in certain conditions, to a new clustering and labelling behaviour that is controllable via the parameters of the aggregation controller. Pushing this interplay forward, we demonstrate that the social dynamics of the naming game can select efficient aggregation parameters through environmental pressure. This creates resilient controllers as the aggregation behaviour is dynamically evolved online according to the current environmental setting