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1
Lin, Zhengsong, Yuting Wang, Yang Song, Tao Huang, Feng Gan, and Xinyue Ye. "Research on Ecological Landscape Design and Healing Effect Based on 3D Roaming Technology." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 11406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic, the human sub-health in national high-tech zones (hereinafter referred to as high-tech zones) has become more prominent. It is critical for the mental sub-health group in the high-tech zone to relieve the anxiety and tension caused by the pressure of life and work. This paper uses SketchUp virtual engine (Unity 2019) software, and 3D roaming technology to carry out the ecological landscape transformation design of the Baotzixi ecological corridor in the East Lake High-tech Zone, to construct a 3D roaming landscape scene and measure its therapeutic effect by inviting subjects to participate in an interactive experience experiment on the ErgoLAB platform. The results illustrate that: (1) the thermogram trend shows that the more attractive the 3D roaming landscape scene is, the stronger the subjects’ interest is; (2) the participants have a positive emotional arousal state in the immersive experience of the 3D roaming landscape scene after the modification design; and (3) the mean skin conductance (SC) fluctuation variance of the subjects is 5.819%, indicating that the healing effect is significant in the state of positive emotional arousal. The research results show that there is a connection between the subjects and the 3D roaming landscape scene after the transformation design of “high interest, emotional arousal and significant healing”.
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Annesley, Christopher J., John B. Randazzo, Stephen J. Klippenstein, Lawrence B. Harding, Ahren W. Jasper, Yuri Georgievskii, Branko Ruscic, and Robert S. Tranter. "Thermal Dissociation and Roaming Isomerization of Nitromethane: Experiment and Theory." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 119, no. 28 (April 17, 2015): 7872–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01563.
Повний текст джерела
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Jiang, Dai Hong. "Fast Display Algorithm of Large Map File Based on Memory Mapping File Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1064–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a Fast display Algorithm of large Map File based on memory mapping file technique, designing for reducing the number of pointer moves and the data in memory scheduling ,The algorithm uses a memory-mapped file access operation of a large-scale map file to resolve the problem of traditional file processing methods, which can not read more than 2G map image file; combined image pyramid technology to apply different resolutions depending on the display requirements map image, in order to achieve the purpose of roaming quickly. The experiment and analysis results show that the algorithm is able to achieve the best resolution real-time roaming of large-scale digital map.
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Sivaramakrishnan, R., J. V. Michael, A. F. Wagner, R. Dawes, A. W. Jasper, L. B. Harding, Y. Georgievskii, and S. J. Klippenstein. "Roaming radicals in the thermal decomposition of dimethyl ether: Experiment and theory." Combustion and Flame 158, no. 4 (April 2011): 618–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.017.
Повний текст джерела
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Deng, Lei Lei, and Xiao Ming Zhang. "Virtual Reality Imaging Display Technology Research and Realization." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Application of double center projection algorithm for stereo image generation, The related calculation formulas are introduced, And a detailed description of the OpenGL Stereo display a cube steps, using red and green filters to generate eye stereoscopic image observation. Through the above experiment, calculated using the double center projection algorithm can obtain better stereo effect, It can be widely applied to buildings and scene roaming a variety of occasions.
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Zwiefelhofer, M. L., T. Shury, E. M. Zwiefelhofer, and G. P. Adams. "22 Strategies for oocyte collection procedures in free-roaming bison herds." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was conducted to test the feasibility of protocols for field collection of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) for invitro embryo production (IVP) in wild bison. The study was done with captive wood bison during the late anovulatory season (July). In Experiment 1, bison were assigned randomly to 2 groups (n=8/group) in which transvaginal ultrasound-guided COC collection was done in a chute without sedation or in lateral recumbency after chemical immobilization using a dart gun to compare collection efficiencies. In Experiment 2, a 2×2 design was used to examine the effects of superstimulation treatments [single-dose equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) vs. multiple-dose FSH] and methods of drug administration (manual injection vs. field darting) on COC collection and IVP. Initial COC collection was done to serve as a non-superstimulated random start and to synchronize follicular wave emergence on the following day (Day 0; n=16). Half of the bison were given a single dose of 5000IU of eCG intramuscularly (IM) on Day −1. The other half were given 200mg of FSH IM on Day 0 and Day 2, followed by 2000IU human chorionic gonadotrophin IM on Day 4. Superstimulatory treatments were given by manual injection (chute restrained) to half of the bison in each group and by field darting in the other half. The COC were collected on Day 4 in the eCG group and Day 5 in the FSH group. Recovered COC were matured invitro for 25 to 28h at 38.8°C, fertilized (2×106 sperm mL−1) and co-incubated at 38.8°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2 for 18h. Presumptive zygotes were denuded and cultured at 38.8°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2. A commercially available IVF media set was utilised (IVF Bioscience). Data were compared by ANOVA and GLIMMIX. In Experiment 1, no difference was detected between chute-restrained vs. chemically immobilized groups in the time required to complete COC collection (6.9±1.0 vs. 8.9±1.0 min; P=0.2), the number of follicles aspirated (11.5±1.9 vs. 9.3±1.8; P=0.4), or the COC recovery rate [COC recovered/follicle aspirated; 58/92 (63%) vs. 44/69 (64%); P=0.9]. In Experiment 2, no differences were detected between superstimulation treatments (eCG vs. FSH) or method of drug administration (manual injection vs. field darting) for any endpoint. The number of medium (4.5–7.5 mm; 9.5±1.0 vs. 2.5±0.6; P<0.0001) and large (>8 mm; 8.6±0.8 vs. 3.4±1.5; P=0.004) follicles available was greater after superstimulation (groups combined) than without superstimulation (random start). Although there was no difference in the number of recovered compact COC between the superstimulated and non-superstimulated bison (8.9±1.3 vs. 6.2±1.7; P=0.2), the embryo production rate (number of embryos produced/number of COC matured) was greater after superstimulation than without superstimulation [54/189 (39%) vs. 19/108 (18%); P<0.05]. We conclude that COC collection in a field setting is feasible and minimum-handling superstimulation with a single dose of eCG is as effective as a multiple-dose FSH protocol for the invitro production of embryos in bison. This research was supported by NSERC and Vetoquinol.
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Zwiefelhofer, M. L., T. Shury, E. M. Zwiefelhofer, and G. P. Adams. "22 Strategies for oocyte collection procedures in free-roaming bison herds." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was conducted to test the feasibility of protocols for field collection of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) for invitro embryo production (IVP) in wild bison. The study was done with captive wood bison during the late anovulatory season (July). In Experiment 1, bison were assigned randomly to 2 groups (n=8/group) in which transvaginal ultrasound-guided COC collection was done in a chute without sedation or in lateral recumbency after chemical immobilization using a dart gun to compare collection efficiencies. In Experiment 2, a 2×2 design was used to examine the effects of superstimulation treatments [single-dose equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) vs. multiple-dose FSH] and methods of drug administration (manual injection vs. field darting) on COC collection and IVP. Initial COC collection was done to serve as a non-superstimulated random start and to synchronize follicular wave emergence on the following day (Day 0; n=16). Half of the bison were given a single dose of 5000IU of eCG intramuscularly (IM) on Day −1. The other half were given 200mg of FSH IM on Day 0 and Day 2, followed by 2000IU human chorionic gonadotrophin IM on Day 4. Superstimulatory treatments were given by manual injection (chute restrained) to half of the bison in each group and by field darting in the other half. The COC were collected on Day 4 in the eCG group and Day 5 in the FSH group. Recovered COC were matured invitro for 25 to 28h at 38.8°C, fertilized (2×106 sperm mL−1) and co-incubated at 38.8°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2 for 18h. Presumptive zygotes were denuded and cultured at 38.8°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2. A commercially available IVF media set was utilised (IVF Bioscience). Data were compared by ANOVA and GLIMMIX. In Experiment 1, no difference was detected between chute-restrained vs. chemically immobilized groups in the time required to complete COC collection (6.9±1.0 vs. 8.9±1.0 min; P=0.2), the number of follicles aspirated (11.5±1.9 vs. 9.3±1.8; P=0.4), or the COC recovery rate [COC recovered/follicle aspirated; 58/92 (63%) vs. 44/69 (64%); P=0.9]. In Experiment 2, no differences were detected between superstimulation treatments (eCG vs. FSH) or method of drug administration (manual injection vs. field darting) for any endpoint. The number of medium (4.5–7.5 mm; 9.5±1.0 vs. 2.5±0.6; P<0.0001) and large (>8 mm; 8.6±0.8 vs. 3.4±1.5; P=0.004) follicles available was greater after superstimulation (groups combined) than without superstimulation (random start). Although there was no difference in the number of recovered compact COC between the superstimulated and non-superstimulated bison (8.9±1.3 vs. 6.2±1.7; P=0.2), the embryo production rate (number of embryos produced/number of COC matured) was greater after superstimulation than without superstimulation [54/189 (39%) vs. 19/108 (18%); P<0.05]. We conclude that COC collection in a field setting is feasible and minimum-handling superstimulation with a single dose of eCG is as effective as a multiple-dose FSH protocol for the invitro production of embryos in bison. This research was supported by NSERC and Vetoquinol.
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Cai, Xing Quan, Hao Lu, and Hua Qing Yu. "Design and Implementation of Online Virtual University Life System." Advanced Materials Research 739 (August 2013): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.739.632.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we present an online virtual university life system based on North China University of Technology life. Our system can help freshmen to get a better understanding of university life and life. We present the framework of our system and our system contains tasks management, campus information show, player roaming, system guidance, database management, etc. Finally, we implement our system and our experiment has proved our method is effective. Our method has been used in practical projects.
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Guo, Ling, and Peng Wang. "Art Product Design and VR User Experience Based on IoT Technology and Visualization System." Journal of Sensors 2021 (December 20, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6412703.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the Internet of Things technology, this paper analyzes the concept and basic characteristics of visualization technology and builds a visualization digital art product information system based on VRML virtual reality technology. This article first explains the background and significance, analyzes the research status at home and abroad, introduces the application of virtual realization technology, and puts forward the technical route and main research content on this basis. After field inspection of art products, the system was analyzed according to the actual situation. After analyzing the needs and goals of the system, the overall structure of the system was proposed. Under the overall framework, this paper designs the system and designs the system’s visualization and real-time interaction modules. At the same time, combined with VRML technology to realize the visual 3D modeling of virtual art products, we establish the 3D model of the entire art product. Users can choose between role roaming and camera roaming. Finally, we made a summary statement to the full text and looked forward to the application prospects and development trends of information visualization technology in digital art products. During the experiment, by calling the HTC method in the Unity 3D system, this article uses the Unity 3D engine to implement UI scene loading and VR rendering technology optimization and realizes design knowledge through the integration of art product design models and IoT data interactive functions and dynamic loading of scenes. The effect of the model on the quality prediction is analyzed through experiments. The results show that the performance of the former is better than the latter two models, and it has a good performance on unbalanced data processing, which verifies the performance and effectiveness of the algorithm model.
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Kristjánsson, Tómas, Tómas Páll Thorvaldsson, and Árni Kristjánsson. "Divided Multimodal Attention: Sensory Trace and Context Coding Strategies in Spatially Congruent Auditory and Visual Presentation." Multisensory Research 27, no. 2 (2014): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002448.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous research involving both unimodal and multimodal studies suggests that single-response change detection is a capacity-free process while a discriminatory up or down identification is capacity-limited. The trace/context model assumes that this reflects different memory strategies rather than inherent differences between identification and detection. To perform such tasks, one of two strategies is used, a sensory trace or a context coding strategy, and if one is blocked, people will automatically use the other. A drawback to most preceding studies is that stimuli are presented at separate locations, creating the possibility of a spatial confound, which invites alternative interpretations of the results. We describe a series of experiments, investigating divided multimodal attention, without the spatial confound. The results challenge the trace/context model. Our critical experiment involved a gap before a change in volume and brightness, which according to the trace/context model blocks the sensory trace strategy, simultaneously with a roaming pedestal, which should block the context coding strategy. The results clearly show that people can use strategies other than sensory trace and context coding in the tasks and conditions of these experiments, necessitating changes to the trace/context model.
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Reeder, Ralph F., Eugene E. Nattie, and William G. North. "Effect of vasopressin on cold-induced brain edema in cats." Journal of Neurosurgery 64, no. 6 (June 1986): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.6.0941.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
✓ Centrally released arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been implicated in the regulation of intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain water, and is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some patients with pseudotumor cerebri or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The authors have examined the relationship of AVP levels in CSF to ICP and brain water content in three experimental groups of cats with and without cold-induced vasogenic edema. With the cats under general anesthesia, a cold lesion was made and cannulas were placed in the cisterna magna, lateral ventricle, and aorta. Subsequent central and systemic measurements were made while the animals were awake and free-roaming. In Experiment 1, endogenous AVP levels in CSF were measured every 12 hours over a 48-hour period by radioimmunoassay in cats with sham craniotomy, mild edema, or moderate edema; no significant difference was found between groups although a diurnal variation was seen (range 2 to 18 pg/ml). In Experiment 2, either carrier solution or AVP, in doses of 1.5 or 30 ng, was administered via a lateral ventricle every 2 hours over 24 hours in unlesioned cats. In Experiment 3, cats received 2 or 35 ng of carrier solution or AVP in a similar manner, but coupled with a cold lesion. The CSF AVP levels ranged from an average of 100 to 681 pg/ml and 1.4 to 11.9 ng/ml in the two dose groups in both experiments. Neither the low nor the high dose had an effect on brain water content in normal white matter (Experiment 2), but both doses increased brain water content in edematous white matter (p < 0.05 in Experiment 3), as determined by wet and dry weight measurements of standardized pieces of white matter. The ICP was decreased by high-dose AVP in normal cats (p < 0.01 at 24 hours), but in lesioned cats was unchanged by low-dose and increased by high-dose AVP (p < 0.05 at 18 hours). The authors conclude that pharmacological doses of central AVP facilitate the production of vasogenic edema.
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Arthur-Baidoo, Eugene, Joao Ameixa, Milan Ončák, and Stephan Denifl. "Ring-Selective Fragmentation in the Tirapazamine Molecule upon Low-Energy Electron Attachment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigate dissociative electron attachment to tirapazamine through a crossed electron–molecule beam experiment and quantum chemical calculations. After the electron is attached and the resulting anion reaches the first excited state, D1, we suggest a fast transition into the ground electronic state through a conical intersection with a distorted triazine ring that almost coincides with the minimum in the D1 state. Through analysis of all observed dissociative pathways producing heavier ions (90–161 u), we consider the predissociation of an OH radical with possible roaming mechanism to be the common first step. This destabilizes the triazine ring and leads to dissociation of highly stable nitrogen-containing species. The benzene ring is not altered during the process. Dissociation of small anionic fragments (NO2−, CN2−, CN−, NH2−, O−) cannot be conclusively linked to the OH predissociation mechanism; however, they again do not require dissociation of the benzene ring.
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Huang, Tao, Shihao Zhou, Xinyi Chen, Zhengsong Lin, and Feng Gan. "Colour Preference and Healing in Digital Roaming Landscape: A Case Study of Mental Subhealth Populations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 10986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710986.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From the perspective of emotional preference, studies have been conducted about landscape healing for subhealth people in the National High-Tech Zone (the study area). Combined with a preliminary practice investigation, Unity 2019 was used to make a digital roaming landscape, and 91 subjects with a history of mental subhealth diseases were randomly invited to participate in the immersive experimentation of the Human–Machine Environment Synchronisation (ErgoLAB) platform. After the experiment, the subjects were invited to fill in a Likert scale as the control group. The interest preference, emotion fluctuation, and healing effect of landscape colour were verified. The results show that: (1) The variation trend of interest reflected the concentration of interest in landscape, and the order of degree of interest, ranging from high to low, went Green > Yellow > Blue > Red > Orange > Purple > Cyan. (2) The subjects’ interest in landscape colour was correlated with the arousal of positive emotions. The correlation between interest in landscape colour and positive emotions, from high to low, went Blue > Green > Yellow, while the correlation between red, cyan, orange, and purple was not significant. (3) The mean skin conductance (SC) fluctuation variance of subjects was 5.594%, which confirmed that the healing effect of digital roaming landscape scenes was significant under the state of low arousal. According to the Likert scale data, subjects’ scores of the healing effect of landscapes, from high to low, went as follows: Green > Yellow > Red > Blue > Cyan > Orange > Purple. The results provide a new method for demonstrating the logical relationship between the digital landscape interest experience–emotional awakening–healing effect and providing a theoretical method and construction scheme for landscape colour configuration in the implementation of landscape healing projects.
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Ma, Xinyou, and William L. Hase. "Perspective: chemical dynamics simulations of non-statistical reaction dynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2092 (March 20, 2017): 20160204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non-statistical chemical dynamics are exemplified by disagreements with the transition state (TS), RRKM and phase space theories of chemical kinetics and dynamics. The intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) is often used for the former two theories, and non-statistical dynamics arising from non-IRC dynamics are often important. In this perspective, non-statistical dynamics are discussed for chemical reactions, with results primarily obtained from chemical dynamics simulations and to a lesser extent from experiment. The non-statistical dynamical properties discussed are: post-TS dynamics, including potential energy surface bifurcations, product energy partitioning in unimolecular dissociation and avoiding exit-channel potential energy minima; non-RRKM unimolecular decomposition; non-IRC dynamics; direct mechanisms for bimolecular reactions with pre- and/or post-reaction potential energy minima; non-TS theory barrier recrossings; and roaming dynamics. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Theoretical and computational studies of non-equilibrium and non-statistical dynamics in the gas phase, in the condensed phase and at interfaces’.
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Zhou, Y., Q. Xu, S. Xing, and X. Hu. "GRAPHICS-IMAGE MIXED METHOD FOR LARGE-SCALE BUILDINGS RENDERING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2 (May 30, 2018): 1237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-1237-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban 3D model data is huge and unstructured, LOD and Out-of-core algorithm are usually used to reduce the amount of data that drawn in each frame to improve the rendering efficiency. When the scene is large enough, even the complex optimization algorithm is difficult to achieve better results. Based on the traditional study, a novel idea was developed. We propose a graphics and image mixed method for large-scale buildings rendering. Firstly, the view field is divided into several regions, the graphics-image mixed method used to render the scene on both screen and FBO, then blending the FBO with scree. The algorithm is tested on the huge CityGML model data in the urban areas of New York which contained 188195 public building models, and compared with the Cesium platform. The experiment result shows the system was running smoothly. The experimental results confirm that the algorithm can achieve more massive building scene roaming under the same hardware conditions, and can rendering the scene without vision loss.
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Arthur-Baidoo, Eugene, Gabriel Schöpfer, Milan Ončák, Lidia Chomicz-Mańka, Janusz Rak, and Stephan Denifl. "Electron Attachment to 5-Fluorouracil: The Role of Hydrogen Fluoride in Dissociation Chemistry." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 8325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigate dissociative electron attachment to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) employing a crossed electron-molecular beam experiment and quantum chemical calculations. Upon the formation of the 5-FU− anion, 12 different fragmentation products are observed, the most probable dissociation channel being H loss. The parent anion, 5-FU−, is not stable on the experimental timescale (~140 µs), most probably due to the low electron affinity of FU; simple HF loss and F− formation are seen only with a rather weak abundance. The initial dynamics upon electron attachment seems to be governed by hydrogen atom pre-dissociation followed by either its full dissociation or roaming in the vicinity of the molecule, recombining eventually into the HF molecule. When the HF molecule is formed, the released energy might be used for various ring cleavage reactions. Our results show that higher yields of the fluorine anion are most probably prevented through both faster dissociation of an H atom and recombination of F− with a proton to form HF. Resonance calculations indicate that F− is formed upon shape as well as core-excited resonances.
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Wang, Zhimeng, Yue Li, Jingchen An, Wenyi Dong, Hongqidi Li, Huirui Ma, Junhui Wang, Jianping Wu, Ting Jiang, and Guangxin Wang. "Effects of Restorative Environment and Presence on Anxiety and Depression Based on Interactive Virtual Reality Scenarios." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 7878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137878.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anxiety and depression have been growing global mental health problems. The following studies explored the effect of interactive VR scenarios to find a low-cost and high-efficiency solution. Study 1 designed a 2 (anxiety and depression state) ×4 (interactive VR scenarios) experiment, the results of 20 participants showed that the designed scenarios had good restoration and presence, assisting to improve depression mood for people with mild to moderate anxiety and depression. Study 2 further investigated the intervention effects of two environment types (urban and park) and four interactive activities (automatic viewing, free-roaming, fishing, and watering plants in the park environment), based on data from a 10-minute experiment conducted by 195 participants with mild to moderate anxiety and depression. The subjective scales, EEG and EMG, and scenario experience were analyzed and the results showed that: (1) the restorative and present VR scenarios were beneficial in alleviating state anxiety and depression; (2) the restorative environment and presence were significantly and positively related to the reduction of anxiety and depression respectively, moreover, presence mediated the restorative environment on the recovery from anxiety and depression; (3) the environmental settings, the complexity of interaction, human factors, and maturity of VR devices and technology were also key factors that influenced the effects of interactive VR scenario experience and intervention. These studies revealed VR psychological intervention scenarios could be designed with comprehensive factors. Moreover, they might help pave the way for future study in exploring the physiology and psychology mode in virtual and real spaces, enhancing intervention effectiveness.
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Tash, Joseph S., Donald C. Johnson, and George C. Enders. "Long-term (6-wk) hindlimb suspension inhibits spermatogenesis in adult male rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 92, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 1191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00931.2001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The International Space Station will allow extended habitation in space and long-term exposure to microgravity (μG). A concern is the impact of long-term μG exposure on the ability of species to reproduce. The model often used to simulate μG is rat hindlimb suspension (HLS), where the hindlimbs are elevated above the cage floor with a tail harness. Experiments described here are the first to examine the effect of long-term HLS on testicular function in adult male rats. Free-roaming (controls), animals with only the tail harnessed but hindlimbs in contact with the cage floor (TO), and HLS animals were tested for 6 wk. Cryptorchidism was prevented in TO and HLS animals by partial constriction of the inguinal canal with sutures. All parameters were compared at the end of the 6-wk experiment. Testicular weights and spermatogenesis were significantly reduced by HLS, such that no spermatogenic cells beyond round spermatids were present and epididymides were devoid of mature sperm. In many tubules, loss of all germ cells, except a few spermatogonia, resulting in histopathology similar to the Sertoli cell, was observed. Spermatogenesis appeared unaffected in control and TO animals. Sertoli and Leydig cell appearance, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and epididymal and seminal vesicle weight were unchanged by HLS. Cortisone was not elevated by HLS; thus stress may not be a factor. These results demonstrate that spermatogenesis is severely inhibited by long-term HLS, whereas testicular androgen production is not. These results have significant implications regarding serious effects of long-term exposure to μG on the reproductive capability of scrotal mammals, including humans.
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Albecker, Molly, and Heather D. Vance-Chalcraft. "Mismatched anti-predator behavioral responses in predator-naïve larval anurans." PeerJ 3 (December 7, 2015): e1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1472.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organisms are adept at altering behaviors to balance the tradeoff between foraging and predation risk in spatially and temporally shifting predator environments. In order to optimize this tradeoff, prey need to be able to display an appropriate response based on degree of predation risk. To be most beneficial in the earliest life stages in which many prey are vulnerable to predation, innate anti-predator responses should scale to match the risk imposed by predators until learned anti-predator responses can occur. We conducted an experiment that examined whether tadpoles with no previous exposure to predators (i.e., predator-naive) exhibit innate antipredator behavioral responses (e.g., via refuge use and spatial avoidance) that match the actual risk posed by each predator. Using 7 treatments (6 free-roaming, lethal predators plus no-predator control), we determined the predation rates of each predator onLithobates sphenocephalustadpoles. We recorded behavioral observations on an additional 7 nonlethal treatments (6 caged predators plus no-predator control). Tadpoles exhibited innate responses to fish predators, but not non-fish predators, even though two non-fish predators (newt and crayfish) consumed the most tadpoles. Due to a mismatch between innate response and predator consumption, tadpoles may be vulnerable to greater rates of predation at the earliest life stages before learning can occur. Thus, naïve tadpoles in nature may be at a high risk to predation in the presence of a novel predator until learned anti-predator responses provide additional defenses to the surviving tadpoles.
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Yan, Zuohao, and Zhihan Lv. "The Influence of Immersive Virtual Reality Systems on Online Social Application." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 23, 2020): 5058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155058.
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This study presents a face-to-face simulation of social interaction based on scene roaming, real-time voice capture, and action capture. This paper aimed to compare the difference between social and traditional plane social communication, analyzing its advantages and shortcomings. In particular, we designed an experiment to study the performance of face-to-face simulation based on virtual reality technology, observing the adaptability of the user to the system and the accuracy of body language recognition. We developed an immersive virtual reality social application (IVRSA), which has a basic social function. As an experimental platform, IVRSA uses Unity3D as its engine, and HTC VIVE as an external input/output device, with voice communication, immersive virtual tour, and head and hand movement simulation functions. We recruited 30 volunteers for the test. The test consisted of two parts. The first part was to provide a news topic for volunteers to freely communicate in IVRSA and WeChat. After communication, we used questionnaires to obtain feedback results of the test and compared the two social applications. In the second part, some volunteers were given a list of actions, which they were asked to describe to the rest of volunteers in the form of body expression, letting them guess the action they were performing. After the end of test, the accuracy rate and the time used were analyzed. Results showed that user’s intention expression efficiency was very high in the immersive virtual reality social system. Body tracking devices with more tracking points can provide better body expression effect.
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Mohamad Ali, Mohd Firdaus, Muhamad Salleh Abustan, Siti Hidayah Abu Talib, Ismail Abustan, Noorhazlinda Abd Rahman, and Hitoshi Gotoh. "A Case Study on the Walking Speed of Pedestrian at the Bus Terminal Area." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183401023.
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Walking speed is one of the factors in understanding the pedestrian walking behaviours. Every pedestrian has different level of walking speed that are regulated by some factors such as gender and age. This study was conducted at a bus terminal area with two objectives in which the first one was to determine the average walking speed of pedestrian by considering the factors of age, gender, people with and without carrying baggage; and the second one was to make a comparison of the average walking speed that considered age as the factor of comparison between pedestrian at the bus terminal area and crosswalk. Demographic factor of pedestrian walking speed in this study are gender and age consist of male, female, and 7 groups of age categories that are children, adult men and women, senior adult men and women, over 70 and disabled person. Data of experiment was obtained by making a video recording of the movement of people that were walking and roaming around at the main lobby for 45 minutes by using a camcorder. Hence, data analysis was done by using software named Human Behaviour Simulator (HBS) for analysing the data extracted from the video. The result of this study was male pedestrian walked faster than female with the average of walking speed 1.13m/s and 1.07m/s respectively. Averagely, pedestrian that walked without carrying baggage had higher walking speed compared to pedestrian that were carrying baggage with the speed of 1.02m/s and 0.70m/s respectively. Male pedestrian walks faster than female because they have higher level of stamina and they are mostly taller than female pedestrian. Furthermore, pedestrian with baggage walks slower because baggage will cause distractions such as pedestrian will have more weight to carry and people tend to walk slower.
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Lv, Hengxiu. "Construction of a Virtual Reality Model of Smart Tourism Scenic Spot Based on Cloud Computing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 5, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5833861.
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This paper studies the technology and cloud platform of “cloud computing” in detail. Technically, this paper studies Map-Reduce, HDFS, and BigTable in cloud platform technology. Using the theoretical thinking of comprehensive advantages, the design ideas and principles of the smart tourism service model based on the network platform are proposed, and the overall architecture of the smart tourism service model based on the network platform is constructed according to the three dimensions of the tourist demand level, network platform development stage, and service resource aggregation and integration. The virtual network interaction platform is realized through Unity3D combined with Web3D technology, and the system interaction function is realized according to the communication principle of the front and back of the web page, including the fast switching of scenic spots, the selection of roaming methods, and the realization of navigation maps. In the user evaluation stage, usability and user satisfaction of the system were effectively measured by the SUS system usability scale and the heuristic experiment combined with Likert scale. The virtual reality system of smart tourist attractions based on somatosensory interaction integrates immersion, interactivity, gameplay, education, and dissemination. It can break the time and space barriers for the creation and experience of smart tourist attractions, improve the extremely cold experience environment of smart tourist attractions, increase the display and publicity dimensions of smart tourist attractions, change the situation of one-way passive reception of traditional smart tourist attractions, and improve the interaction and interaction of tourists. It also provides new teaching and design methods for creators of smart tourism scenic spots, which is conducive to the promotion of teaching in smart tourism scenic spots. It enhances the importance of ice and snow culture in the ice and snow industry, changes the traditional business model of ice and snow scenic spots, and uses modern technology to make up for the cultural development defects of smart tourism scenic spots. The digital sustainable development construction of smart tourism scenic spots provides new ideas.
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Poblotzki, Anja, Jonas Altnöder, and Martin A. Suhm. "Subtle solvation behaviour of a biofuel additive: the methanol complex with 2,5-dimethylfuran." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 39 (2016): 27265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp05413g.
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Pascal, Lucas, Pietro Michiardi, Xavier Bost, Benoit Huet, and Maria A. Zuluaga. "Maximum Roaming Multi-Task Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 9331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i10.17125.
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Multi-task learning has gained popularity due to the advantages it provides with respect to resource usage and performance. Nonetheless, the joint optimization of parameters with respect to multiple tasks remains an active research topic. Sub-partitioning the parameters between different tasks has proven to be an efficient way to relax the optimization constraints over the shared weights, may the partitions be disjoint or overlapping. However, one drawback of this approach is that it can weaken the inductive bias generally set up by the joint task optimization. In this work, we present a novel way to partition the parameter space without weakening the inductive bias. Specifically, we propose Maximum Roaming, a method inspired by dropout that randomly varies the parameter partitioning, while forcing them to visit as many tasks as possible at a regulated frequency, so that the network fully adapts to each update. We study the properties of our method through experiments on a variety of visual multi-task data sets. Experimental results suggest that the regularization brought by roaming has more impact on performance than usual partitioning optimization strategies. The overall method is flexible, easily applicable, provides superior regularization and consistently achieves improved performances compared to recent multi-task learning formulations.
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Lahbib, Nada, Ugo Picciotti, Valdete Sefa, Sonia Boukhris-Bouhachem, Francesco Porcelli, and Francesca Garganese. "Zelus renardii Roaming in Southern Italy." Insects 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13020158.
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This study collects data from the literature and updates our Zelus renardii Kolenati, 1856 (Leafhopper Assassin Bug, LAB) prey knowledge. The literature consists of ca. 170 entries encompassing the years 1856 to 2021. This reduviid originated in the Nearctic region, but has entered and acclimatised in many Mediterranean countries. Our quantitative predation experiments—in the laboratory on caged plants plus field or environmental observations—confirm that LAB prefers a selected array of prey. Laboratory predation tests on living targets (Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera) agree with the literature. Zelus renardii prefers comparatively large, highly mobile, and readily available prey. LAB preferences on available hemipterans targets suggest that Zelus renardii is a good inundative biocontrol agent for Xylella fastidiosapauca ST53 infections. LAB also prey on other important olive pests, such as Bactrocera oleae. Therefore, Zelus renardii is a major integrated pest management (IPM) component to limit Xylella fastidiosa pandemics and other pest invasions.
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Houston, Paul L., Xiaohong Wang, Aryya Ghosh, Joel M. Bowman, Mitchell S. Quinn, and Scott H. Kable. "Formaldehyde roaming dynamics: Comparison of quasi-classical trajectory calculations and experiments." Journal of Chemical Physics 147, no. 1 (July 7, 2017): 013936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982823.
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Wu, Wei, Chao Zhang, and Rong Jun Chen. "Trial Research on the Engineering Properties of the Roaming Polyurethane." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.455.
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With fixing proportion of two components of RPUF and changing content of different admixtures, this paper does experiments on material density, compressive strength and so on to research the influence of different content of admixtures on the engineering properties of RPUF and analyze the relationship between physical properties and mechanical properties of the materials.
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Lin, Zhengsong, Ziqian Yang, and Xinyue Ye. "Immersive Experience and Climate Change Monitoring in Digital Landscapes: Evidence from Somatosensory Sense and Comfort." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 3332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043332.
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In this study, the virtual engine software (Unity 2019, Unity Software Inc., San Francisco, California, the U.S.) was used to generate a digital landscape model, forming a virtual immersive environment. Through field investigation and emotional preference experiments, the ancient tree ecological area and the sunlight-exposed area were respectively monitored, and the somatosensory comfort evaluation model was established. The subjects showed the highest degree of interest in the ancient tree ecological area after landscape roaming experience, and the mean variance in SC fluctuation was 13.23% in experiments. The subjects were in a low arousal state and had a significant degree of interest in the digital landscape roaming scene, and there was a significant correlation between positive emotion, somatosensory comfort and the Rating of Perceived Exertion index; moreover, the somatosensory comfort of the ancient tree ecological area was higher than that of the sunlight-exposed area. Meanwhile, it was found that somatosensory comfort level can effectively distinguish the comfort level between the ancient tree ecological area and the sunlight-exposed area, which provides an important basis for monitoring extreme heat. This study concludes that, in terms of the goal of harmonious coexistence between human and nature, the evaluation model of somatosensory comfort can contribute to reducing people’s adverse views on extreme weather conditions.
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Zhang, Zhong Mei. "3D-Based Design of Virtual Experimental Center." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 1797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.1797.
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Virtual reality technology can produce various lifelike 3-D senses, such as visual sense and senses of hearing and smell through computer, which can not only engage people in the experience and interaction in the virtual word with the aid of proper devices, but also create a sense of immersion. Virtual laboratory based on the design of 3D technology is displayed in the form of roaming from the perspective of viewers. During the viewing, the viewers seem to walk in the virtual experimental center personally, and thus, they will deeply sense the floors of the center, the structural layout between laboratories, and the interiors of the laboratories.
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Pham, Quang Anh, Minh Hoàng Hà, Duy Manh Vu, and Huy Hoang Nguyen. "A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Roaming Delivery Locations." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 32 (June 13, 2022): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v32i1.19813.
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The Vehicle Routing Problem with Roaming Delivery Locations (VRPRDL) is a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) in which a customer can be present at many locations during a working day and a time window is associated with each location. The objective is to find a set of routes such that (i) the total traveling cost is minimized, (ii) only one location of each customer is visited within its time window, and (iii) all capacity constraints are satisfied. To solve the problem, we introduce a hybrid genetic algorithm which relies on problem-tailored solution representation, mutation, local search operators, as well as a set covering component exploring routes found during the search to find better solutions. We also propose a new split procedure which based on dynamic programming to evaluate the fitness of chromosomes. Experiments conducted on the benchmark instances clearly show that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing approaches in terms of stability and solution quality. We also improve 49 best known solutions of the literature.
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Finkler, H., and J. Terkel. "Cortisol levels and aggression in neutered and intact free-roaming female cats living in urban social groups." Physiology & Behavior 99, no. 3 (March 2010): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.11.014.
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Campolo, Claudia, Ramon Fontes, Antonella Molinaro, Christian Esteve Rothenberg, and Antonio Iera. "Slicing on the Road: Enabling the Automotive Vertical through 5G Network Softwarization." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 4435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124435.
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The demanding requirements of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) applications, such as ultra-low latency, high-bandwidth, highly-reliable communication, intensive computation and near-real time data processing, raise outstanding challenges and opportunities for fifth generation (5G) systems. By allowing an operator to flexibly provide dedicated logical networks with (virtualized) functionalities over a common physical infrastructure, network slicing candidates itself as a prominent solution to support V2X over upcoming programmable and softwarized 5G systems in a business-agile manner. In this paper, a network slicing framework is proposed along with relevant building blocks and mechanisms to support V2X applications by flexibly orchestrating multi-access and edge-dominated 5G network infrastructures, especially with reference to roaming scenarios. Proof of concept experiments using the Mininet emulator showcase the viability and potential benefits of the proposed framework for cooperative driving use cases.
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Steinmeyer, Joseph D., and Jacob K. White. "Hardware as for Teaching Modeling and Control." Mechanical Engineering 138, no. 06 (June 1, 2016): S12—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2016-jun-6.
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This article explores the introduction and use of new control classes that focus as much on modeling as on control. The paper describes several aspects of design problems with an emphasis on how to keep the process pedagogically efficient. The introductory classes in newer engineering curricula, at MIT and elsewhere, seek to empower students by avoiding highly customized devices, and instead rely on collections of easily composed and readily available sensors, actuators, and micro-controllers. The 15-week on-campus modeling and control class begins with classical material, discrete- and continuous-time transfer function modeling combined with PID and lead-lag controllers. With a combination of guidance and insights gained from constructing their artefacts, students determine a set of experiments and measurements that inform a model. Then they focus on designing and testing controllers, while answering impromptu questions from the roaming staff members.
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Haxhibeqiri, Jetmir, Elnaz Alizadeh Jarchlo, Ingrid Moerman, and Jeroen Hoebeke. "Flexible Wi-Fi Communication among Mobile Robots in Indoor Industrial Environments." Mobile Information Systems 2018 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3918302.
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In order to speed up industrial processes and to improve logistics, mobile robots are getting important in industry. In this paper, we propose a flexible and configurable architecture for the mobile node that is able to operate in different network topology scenarios. The proposed solution is able to operate in presence of network infrastructure, in ad hoc mode only, or to use both possibilities. In case of mixed architecture, mesh capabilities will enable coverage problem detection and overcoming. The solution is based on real requirements from an automated guided vehicle producer. First, we evaluate the overhead introduced by our solution. Since the mobile robot communication relies in broadcast traffic, the broadcast scalability in mesh network is evaluated too. Finally, through experiments on a wireless testbed for a variety of scenarios, we analyze the impact of roaming, mobility and traffic separation, and demonstrate the advantage of our approach in handling coverage problems.
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DeBose, Jennifer L., and Gabrielle A. Nevitt. "Investigating the association between pelagic fish and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in a natural coral reef system." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 8 (2007): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06195.
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Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a biogenic chemical produced by marine algae that is associated with areas of high primary and secondary productivity in the ocean. In laboratory experiments, DMSP has been shown to be an effective feeding attractant for a variety of fresh and saltwater fishes, suggesting that it might also function as a foraging cue in the natural environment. Here we explore whether free-roaming pelagic fishes associate with periodic elevations of DMSP in their natural foraging habitat. Working in the vicinity of the coral reefs of the Flower Garden Banks in the Gulf of Mexico, we found that daily changes in the number of pelagic jack fishes (Carangidae) were significantly correlated with natural changes in concentrations of DMSP in the water column. These results provide the first evidence of a correlation between variation in the number of pelagic fishes and a specific habitat-associated chemical cue in the ocean.
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Albatati, Faisal, and Alaa Attar. "Analytical and Experimental Study of Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) System for Automotive Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery." Energies 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010204.
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Nearly 70% of the energy produced from automotive engines is released to the atmosphere in the form of waste energy. The recovery of this energy represents a vital challenge to engine designers primarily when a thermoelectric generator (TEG) is used, where the availability of a continuous, steady-state temperature and heat flow is essential. The potential of semi-truck engines presents an attractive application as many coaches and trucks are roaming motorways at steady-state conditions most of the time. This study presents an analytical thermal design and an experimental validation of the TEG system for waste heat recovery from the exhaust of semi-truck engines. The TEG system parameters were optimized to achieve the maximum power output. Experimental work was conducted on a specially constructed setup to validate the analytically obtained results. Both analytical and experimental results were found to be in good agreement with a marginal deviation, indicating the excellent accuracy of the effective material properties applied to the system since they take into account the discrepancy associated with the neglection of the contact resistances and Thomson effect.
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Basu, Christopher K., Francois Deacon, John R. Hutchinson, and Alan M. Wilson. "The running kinematics of free-roaming giraffes, measured using a low cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)." PeerJ 7 (February 12, 2019): e6312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6312.
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The study of animal locomotion can be logistically challenging, especially in the case of large or unhandleable animals in uncontrolled environments. Here we demonstrate the utility of a low cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in measuring two-dimensional running kinematics from free-roaming giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) in the Free State Province, South Africa. We collected 120 Hz video of running giraffes, and calibrated each video frame using metatarsal length as a constant object of scale. We tested a number of methods to measure metatarsal length. The method with the least variation used close range photography and a trigonometric equation to spatially calibrate the still image, and derive metatarsal length. In the absence of this option, a spatially calibrated surface model of the study terrain was used to estimate topographical dimensions in video footage of interest. Data for the terrain models were collected using the same equipment, during the same study period. We subsequently validated the accuracy of the UAV method by comparing similar speed measurements of a human subject running on a treadmill, with treadmill speed. At 8 m focal distance we observed an error of 8% between the two measures of speed. This error was greater at a shorter focal distance, and when the subject was not in the central field of view. We recommend that future users maximise the camera focal distance, and keep the subject in the central field of view. The studied giraffes used a grounded rotary gallop with a speed range of 3.4–6.9 ms−1 (never cantering, trotting or pacing), and lower duty factors when compared with other cursorial quadrupeds. As this pattern might result in adverse increases in peak vertical limb forces with speed, it was notable to find that contralateral limbs became more in-phase with speed. Considering the latter pattern and the modest maximal speed of giraffes, we speculate that tissue safety factors are maintained within tolerable bounds this way. Furthermore, the angular kinematics of the neck were frequently isolated from the pitching of the body during running; this may be a result of the large mass of the head and neck. Further field experiments and biomechanical models are needed to robustly test these speculations.
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Ghaleb, Safwan M., Shamala Subramaniam, Mukhtar Ghaleb, and Ali Mohamed E. Ejmaa. "An Efficient Group-Based Control Signalling within Proxy Mobile IPv6 Protocol." Computers 8, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers8040075.
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Providing a seamless handover in the Internet of Thing (IoT) applications with minimal efforts is a big challenge in mobility management protocols. Several research efforts have been attempted to maintain the connectivity of nodes while performing mobility-related signalling, in order to enhance the system performance. However, these studies still fall short at the presence of short-term continuous movements of mobile nodes within the same network, which is a requirement in several applications. In this paper, we propose an efficient group-based handoff scheme for the Mobile Nodes (MNs) in order to reduce the nodes handover during their roaming. This scheme is named Enhanced Cluster Sensor Proxy Mobile IPv6 (E-CSPMIPv6). E-CSPMIPv6 introduces a fast handover scheme by implementing two mechanisms. In the first mechanism, we cluster mobile nodes that are moving as a group in order to register them at a prior time of their actual handoff. In the second mechanism, we manipulate the mobility-related signalling of the MNs triggering their handover signalling simultaneously. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is validated through extensive simulation experiments and numerical analyses in comparison to the state-of-the-art mobility management protocols under different scenarios and operation conditions. The results demonstrate that the E-CSPMIPv6 scheme significantly improves the overall system performance, by reducing handover delay, signalling cost and end-to-end delay.
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Wang, Mona, Anunay Kulshrestha, Liang Wang, and Prateek Mittal. "Leveraging strategic connection migration-powered traffic splitting for privacy." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2022, no. 3 (July 2022): 498–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0083.
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Network-level adversaries have developed increasingly sophisticated techniques to surveil and control users’ network traffic. In this paper, we exploit our observation that many encrypted protocol connections are no longer tied to device IP address (e.g., the connection migration feature in QUIC, or IP roaming in WireGuard and Mosh), due to the need for performance in a mobile-first world. We design and implement a novel framework, Connection Migration Powered Splitting (CoMPS), that utilizes these performance features for enhancing user privacy. With CoMPS, we can split traffic mid-session across network paths and heterogeneous network protocols. Such traffic splitting mitigates the ability of a network-level adversary to perform traffic analysis attacks by limiting the amount of traffic they can observe. We use CoMPS to construct a website fingerprinting defense that is resilient against traffic analysis attacks by a powerful adaptive adversary in the open-world setting. We evaluate our system using both simulated splitting data and real-world traffic that is actively split using CoMPS. In our real-world experiments, CoMPS reduces the precision and recall of VarCNN to 29.9% and 36.7% respectively in the openworld setting with 100 monitored classes. CoMPS is not only immediately deployable with any unaltered server that supports connection migration, but also incurs little overhead, decreasing throughput by only 5-20%.
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Castellanos, P., A. Candian, J. Zhen, H. Linnartz, and A. G. G. M. Tielens. "Photoinduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dehydrogenation The competition between H- and H2-loss." Astronomy & Astrophysics 616 (August 2018): A166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833220.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a major component of the interstellar medium carbon budget, locking up to 10–20% of the elemental carbon. Sequential fragmentation induced by energetic photons leads to the formation of new species, including fullerenes. However, the exact chemical routes involved in this process remain largely unexplored. In this work, we focus on the first photofragmentation steps, which involve the dehydrogenation of these molecules. For this, we consider a multidisciplinary approach, taking into account the results from experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and modeling using dedicated Monte-Carlo simulations. By considering the simplest isomerization pathways — i.e., hydrogen roaming along the edges of the molecule — we are able to characterize the most likely photodissociation pathways for the molecules studied here. These comprise nine PAHs with clearly different structural properties. The formation of aliphatic-like side groups is found to be critical in the first fragmentation step and, furthermore, sets the balance of the competition between H- and H2-loss. We show that the presence of trio hydrogens, especially in combination with bay regions in small PAHs plays an important part in the experimentally established variations in the odd-to-even H-atom loss ratios. In addition, we find that, as PAH size increases, H2 formation becomes dominant, and sequential hydrogen loss only plays a marginal role. We also find disagreements between experiments and calculations for large, solo containing PAHs, which need to be accounted for. In order to match theoretical and experimental results, we have modified the energy barriers and restricted the H-hopping to tertiary atoms. The formation of H2 in large PAHs upon irradiation appears to be the dominant fragmentation channel, suggesting an efficient formation path for molecular hydrogen in photodissociation regions (PDRs).
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Davis, Kristen, Christo Mitchell, Olivia Weissenfels, Jihong Bai, David M. Raizen, Michael Ailion, and Irini Topalidou. "G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK-2) controls exploration through neuropeptide signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans." PLOS Genetics 19, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): e1010613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010613.
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Animals alter their behavior in manners that depend on environmental conditions as well as their developmental and metabolic states. For example, C. elegans is quiescent during larval molts or during conditions of satiety. By contrast, worms enter an exploration state when removed from food. Sensory perception influences movement quiescence (defined as a lack of body movement), as well as the expression of additional locomotor states in C. elegans that are associated with increased or reduced locomotion activity, such as roaming (exploration behavior) and dwelling (local search). Here we find that movement quiescence is enhanced, and exploration behavior is reduced in G protein-coupled receptor kinase grk-2 mutant animals. grk-2 was previously shown to act in chemosensation, locomotion, and egg-laying behaviors. Using neuron-specific rescuing experiments, we show that GRK-2 acts in multiple ciliated chemosensory neurons to control exploration behavior. grk-2 acts in opposite ways from the cGMP-dependent protein kinase gene egl-4 to control movement quiescence and exploration behavior. Analysis of mutants with defects in ciliated sensory neurons indicates that grk-2 and the cilium-structure mutants act in the same pathway to control exploration behavior. We find that GRK-2 controls exploration behavior in an opposite manner from the neuropeptide receptor NPR-1 and the neuropeptides FLP-1 and FLP-18. Finally, we show that secretion of the FLP-1 neuropeptide is negatively regulated by GRK-2 and that overexpression of FLP-1 reduces exploration behavior. These results define neurons and molecular pathways that modulate movement quiescence and exploration behavior.
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Matteucci, Donatella, Alessandro Poli, Paola Mazzetti, Sabrina Sozzi, Francesca Bonci, Patrizia Isola, Lucia Zaccaro, et al. "Immunogenicity of an Anti-Clade B Feline Immunodeficiency Fixed-Cell Virus Vaccine in Field Cats." Journal of Virology 74, no. 23 (December 1, 2000): 10911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.23.10911-10919.2000.
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ABSTRACT Attempts at vaccine development for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) have been extensive, both because this is a significant health problem for cats and because FIV may be a useful vaccine model for human immunodeficiency virus. To date, only modest success, producing only short-term protection, has been achieved for vaccine trials in controlled laboratory settings. It is unclear how relevant such experiments are to prevention of natural infection. The current study used a vaccine that employs cell-associated FIV-M2 strain fixed with paraformaldehyde. Subject cats were in a private shelter where FIV was endemic, a prevalence of 29 to 58% over an 8-year observation period. Cats roamed freely from the shelter through the surrounding countryside but returned for food and shelter. After ensuring that cats were FIV negative, they were immunized using six doses of vaccine over a 16-month period and observed for 28 months after the initiation of immunization. Twenty-six cats (12 immunized and 14 nonimmunized controls) were monitored for a minimum of 22 months. Immunized cats did not experience significant adverse effects from immunization and developed both antibodies and cellular immunity to FIV, although individual responses varied greatly. At the conclusion of the study, 0 of 12 immunized cats had evidence of FIV infection, while 5 of 14 control cats were infected. Thus, the vaccine was safe and immunogenic and did not transmit infection. Furthermore, vaccinated cats did not develop FIV infection in a limited clinical trial over an extended time period. Thus, the data suggest that a fixed, FIV-infected cell vaccine has potential for preventing natural FIV infection in free-roaming cats.
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Ellsworth, Ethan, Aaron J. Wirsing, Lisa A. Shipley, and Dennis L. Murray. "Do measures of plant intake and digestibility from captive feeding trials align with foraging patterns of free-ranging snowshoe hares?" Wildlife Research 40, no. 5 (2013): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context Measures of intake and digestibility from captive feeding experiments are often used to evaluate the nutritional value of plant species to herbivores; however, there is question about how well plant-quality rankings from these trials predict foraging patterns of free-ranging animals. Studies addressing the alignment of results from feeding trials and herbivory in the field using captive and free-roaming conspecifics are needed. Aims Our goal was to compare the feeding patterns of snowshoe hares in captive intake and digestion trials with those of free-living conspecifics in the species’ south-western range. Methods We conducted in vivo intake and digestion trials using captive hares to determine quality and consumption levels of the predominant conifer species in our study system. In the field, we quantified browsing intensity and over-winter depletion patterns of these conifers. We then compared voluntary intake and nutritional quality measured in captivity to consumption in the field. Key results Digestible energy (DE, kJ g–1) of conifers ranged from 11.0 (Pinus contorta) to 13.8 (Pseudotsuga menziesii) among six conifers, and digestible protein (DP, g protein per 100 g feed) from 1.2 (Thuja plicata) to 2.7 (P. contorta). During digestion trials, single-species intake was correlated with the content of digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE). Hares maintained energy balance when fed two single-species diets (Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii) and a mixed-species diet. Conifer species on which hares were able to maintain body mass (Pinus contorta, Picea engelmannii, Pseudotsuga menziesii) also tended to be the most heavily exploited by free-living hares. DP content of browse species predicted both browsing intensity and overwinter depletion of conifer species. Conclusions Voluntary intake and nutritional quality of browse, especially DP, successfully predicted foraging patterns of free-ranging conspecifics. Implications Intake and digestion trials can be a useful tool for better understanding patterns of herbivory in the field, and winter habitat quality for populations in this region is likely to be influenced by access to the most energy- and protein-rich conifers.
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Zhang, Yu, Baihui Ren, Chuan-Lu Yang, Long Wei, Bo Wang, Jie Han, Wandong Yu, et al. "Formation of H3+ from ethane dication induced by electron impact." Communications Chemistry 3, no. 1 (November 9, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42004-020-00415-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Hydrogen migration plays an important role in the chemistry of hydrocarbons which considerably influences their chemical functions. The migration of one or more hydrogen atoms occurring in hydrocarbon cations has an opportunity to produce the simplest polyatomic molecule, i.e. H3+. Here we present a combined experimental and theoretical study of H3+ formation dynamics from ethane dication. The experiment is performed by 300 eV electron impact ionization of ethane and a pronounced yield of H3+ + C2H3+ coincidence channel is observed. The quantum chemistry calculations show that the H3+ formation channel can be opened on the ground-state potential energy surface of ethane dication via transition state and roaming mechanisms. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulation shows that the H3+ can be generated in a wide time range from 70 to 500 fs. Qualitatively, the trajectories of the fast dissociation follow the intrinsic reaction coordinate predicted by the conventional transition state theory. The roaming mechanism, compared to the transition state, occurs within a much longer timescale accompanied by nuclear motion of larger amplitude.
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Gunther, Idit, Hadas Hawlena, Lior Azriel, Dan Gibor, Olaf Berke, and Eyal Klement. "Reduction of free-roaming cat population requires high-intensity neutering in spatial contiguity to mitigate compensatory effects." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 15 (April 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119000119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Significance Although popular companion animals, domestic cats pose numerous problems when free-roaming, including predation of wildlife, hazards to humans, impaired sanitation, and a decrease in their welfare. Thus, managing their populations is essential. The trap–neuter–return method (TNR; capturing, sterilizing, returning/releasing) is widely employed for managing cat populations. However, there is a lack of long-term controlled evidence for its effectiveness. We examined the outcomes of high-intensity TNR by performing a 12-y controlled field experiment. Neutering over 70% of the cats caused population decline when applied over contiguous areas. However, it was limited by a rebound increase in reproduction and survival. These findings provide a robust quantification of the limitations and the long-term effectiveness of TNR.
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Verreycken, Erik, Ralph Simon, Brandt Quirk-Royal, Walter Daems, Jesse Barber, and Jan Steckel. "Bio-acoustic tracking and localization using heterogeneous, scalable microphone arrays." Communications Biology 4, no. 1 (November 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02746-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMicrophone arrays are an essential tool in the field of bioacoustics as they provide a non-intrusive way to study animal vocalizations and monitor their movement and behavior. Microphone arrays can be used for passive localization and tracking of sound sources while analyzing beamforming or spatial filtering of the emitted sound. Studying free roaming animals usually requires setting up equipment over large areas and attaching a tracking device to the animal which may alter their behavior. However, monitoring vocalizing animals through arrays of microphones, spatially distributed over their habitat has the advantage that unrestricted/unmanipulated animals can be observed. Important insights have been achieved through the use of microphone arrays, such as the convergent acoustic field of view in echolocating bats or context-dependent functions of avian duets. Here we show the development and application of large flexible microphone arrays that can be used to localize and track any vocalizing animal and study their bio-acoustic behavior. In a first experiment with hunting pallid bats the acoustic data acquired from a dense array with 64 microphones revealed details of the bats’ echolocation beam in previously unseen resolution. We also demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed microphone array system in a second experiment, where we used a different array architecture allowing to simultaneously localize several species of vocalizing songbirds in a radius of 75 m. Our technology makes it possible to do longer measurement campaigns over larger areas studying changing habitats and providing new insights for habitat conservation. The flexible nature of the technology also makes it possible to create dense microphone arrays that can enhance our understanding in various fields of bioacoustics and can help to tackle the analytics of complex behaviors of vocalizing animals.
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Quinn, Mitchell S., Klaas Nauta, Meredith J. T. Jordan, Joel M. Bowman, Paul L. Houston, and Scott H. Kable. "Rotational resonances in the H2CO roaming reaction are revealed by detailed correlations." Science, August 6, 2020, eabc4088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc4088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since its discovery 16 years ago, “roaming” has become a ubiquitous mechanism in molecular photochemistry. Its general features are now understood, but little detail is known about how the potential energy surface (PES) determines reaction outcomes. We perform detailed experiments on H2CO photodissociation, determining fully correlated quantum state distributions of the H2 and CO products. These experiments reveal previously undetected bimodal CO rotational distributions. Insights from classical trajectory calculations demonstrate these features arise from resonances as the PES directs the reaction into cis and trans O–C–H···H critical geometries, which produce rebound and stripping mechanisms, respectively. These subtle and pervasive effects demonstrate additional complexity in this prototypical roaming reaction, which we expect to be general. They also provide detailed benchmarks for predictive theories of roaming.
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Kawamura, Gunzo, Teodora Uy Bagarinao, and Annita Seok Kian Yong. "Sensory systems and feeding behaviour of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the marine whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei." Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture (BJoMSA), December 11, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bjomsa.v1i0.996.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Information on the sensory basis of shrimp feeding provides the means for assessment of the effectiveness of food items in terms of smell, taste, size, and colour. This chapter summarizes information about the sensory basis of the feeding behaviour of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and the marine whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Existing literature on these shrimp species and other decapod crustaceans is reviewed, and unpublished experiments using the selective sensory ablation technique to determine the involvement of vision, chemoreception, and touch sense in the feeding behavior of the juveniles of M. rosenbergii and L. vannamei are also described. To determine the role of vision in feeding, the eyes of the juveniles were painted over (deprived of vision) with white manicure and their feeding response to commercial pellets was compared with those with untreated eyes. The untreated eyed juveniles detected and approached a feed pellet right away, but the specimens blinded by the coating detected a pellet only after random accidental touch with the walking legs while roaming on the aquarium bottom. Juveniles that had learned to feed on pellets showed food search and manipulation responses to a pellet-like pebble without smell and taste. The early larvae (zoeae) of M. rosenbergii already have colour vision (that likely persists through life) and colour preference for blue and white. The adults of L. vannamei discriminated a blue-colored well among seven grey wells in a palette, also showing colour vision in this shrimp. A behavioural experiment with dyed prawn flesh showed that L. vannamei has innate color preference for yellow food over black, red, green, and blue food regardless of the background colours of the aquarium bottom. To disrupt chemoreception, the juveniles of both the species were abruptly transferred to water of drastically different salinity and the osmotic ablation destroyed the chemosensitive sensilla. The osmotically ablated juveniles approached a pellet right away but failed to ingest it; they had learned the visual cue and texture of the pellets and recognized them by vision and tactile sense. To determine the role of sensory appendages in feeding of L. vannamei juveniles, the antennal flagella, antennular flagella, and the pincers of the pereiopods were ablated. The ablated juveniles roamed the bottom, touched a pellet at random, grabbed it with the maxillipeds, and ingested it. Subsequently they learned to lower the head, actively swim forward, sweep the bottom with the maxillipeds, detect a pellet, and ingest it—thus indicating a plasticity in feeding behaviour in L. vannamei.
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Chen, Li-Wei, Ching-Ming Hung, Hiroyuki Matsui, and Yuan-Pern Lee. "New experimental evidence to support roaming in the reaction Cl + isobutene (i-C4H8)." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40105.
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LOH, SER LEE, SHAHARUDDIN SALLEH, and NOR HANIZA SARMIN. "MODELS DEVELOPMENT FOR SINGLE–ROW NETWORKS FROM CONNECTED GRAPHS." Jurnal Teknologi 57, no. 1 (February 15, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v57.1529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we present a collection of models for connected graphs mapping into single–row networks. The collection involves three specific models for perfect binary trees, trees and partially dense graphs, and three general models for connected graphs. These models are compared in terms of their structures, energy values, congestion and number of doglegs in the single–row transformation. The numerical experiments are run by each respective developed program. The transformation is necessary in applications such as in the assignment of telephone channels to caller–receiver pairs roaming in cells in a cellular network on real–time basis.