Статті в журналах: "Road to Rig"

1

Potter, T. E. C., D. Cebon, and D. J. Cole. "Indirect methods for assessing road friendliness of lorry suspensions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526407.

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Two methods for assessing the road damaging potential of heavy vehicles are described in this paper. The methods use a simple laboratory test to characterize vehicle dynamics. This information is then used to predict the dynamic tyre forces generated by the vehicle for typical highway conditions. A quarter car laboratory test rig fitted with a leaf spring suspension is used to investigate these methods. Step inputs are used to excite the rig, and various sensors measure the response. A linear technique using the convolution algorithm is investigated initially. A non-linear method using parameter estimation is then examined. The accuracy of both systems is determined by comparing tyre force data measured on the test rig with predicted tyre forces.

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2

Kanchwala, Husain. "ORES: a chassis dynamometer for off-road vehicles." Mechanics & Industry 22 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2021004.

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Off-Road Environment Simulator (ORES) is a Real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop (RT-HIL) platform to simulate the dynamic response of off-road vehicles. This paper primarily focuses on the vehicle model development and validation using both field and rig testing using the ORES platform. Off-road vehicles are capable of operating on bumpy terrains where they are subjected to different resistive wheel torques due to non-unique ground friction conditions and wheel loads. If the powertrain torque output is not distributed in accordance with the resistive wheel torques, it may lead to transmission windup resulting in premature failure of various driveline components. In this study, the vehicle is driven over discrete bumps both in rig simulation and field trial. Different terrain enveloping models were evaluated namely the single point, radial-spring contact model and two-point follower (using circular and sinusoidal basis). These models were evaluated against the measured wheel acceleration responses. The two-point follower with sinusoidal basis strongly correlates with the measured responses and the ground excitations so obtained were used as inputs to a seven degree-of-freedom vehicle ride model. Ride model calculates the wheel loads and is eventually integrated with longitudinal dynamics, tire, driveline and test-rig models. Vehicle axle acceleration, wheel speed and drive torque responses are measured for validating the simulation results against field and rig trials. The field responses matches fairly well which validates the suitability of the proposed modeling approach.

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3

Jaśkiewicz, Marek, Dariusz Więckowski, and J. Matijosius. "Selected Transverse Stability Problems Related to Articulated Vehicles Built to Carry Liquid Cargo." New Trends in Production Engineering 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2018-0073.

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Abstract The paper deals with problems connected with the transportation of dangerous cargo in articulated road tankers. The problems related to transverse stability of articulated vehicles have been discussed. The rig and experimental tests carried out to explore the transverse stability problem have been presented. Attention has been paid to the specificity of articulated road tankers. The necessity of rig and field testing of vehicles of this kind has been emphasized. The specificity of the transportation of such articulated vehicles by sea has been highlighted.

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4

Apparicio, Philippe, Jérémy Gelb, Paula Negro-Poblete, Mathieu Carrier, Stéphanie Potvin, and Elaine Lesage-Mann. "Cyclists’ exposure to air pollution and noise in Mexico City." Revue Internationale de Géomatique 30, no. 3-4 (July 2020): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.2021.00110.

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Air pollution and road traffic noise are two important environmental nuisances that could be harmful to the health and well-being of urban populations. In Mexico City, as in many North American cities, there has been an upsurge in bicycle ridership. However, Mexico City is also well known for having high levels of noise and air pollution. The purpose of this study is threefold: 1) evaluate cyclists’ exposure to air pollution (nitrogen dioxide) and road traffic noise; 2) identify local factors that increase or reduce cyclists’ exposure, in paying particular attention to the type of road and bicycle path or lane used; and 3) evaluate the influence of real-time traffic density on cyclists’ exposure. A total of 19 bicycle trips made in central Mexico City neighbourhoods were analyzed, representing nearly 11 hours and 137 km. The results of the Bayesian models show that type of road and bicycle infrastructure taken by the cyclist, and proximity to a main artery all have significant impacts on exposure levels. Finally, the variables introduced to control for the traffic encountered by cyclists had a significant positive effect on noise exposure, and a positive but not significant effect on nitrogen dioxide exposure.

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5

Sciuto, Mario, and Ralph Hellmund. "“Road to Rig” — Simulationskonzept an Powertrain-Prüfständen in der Getriebeerprobung." ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 103, no. 4 (April 2001): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03224372.

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6

Chen, Qiang Qiang, Xue Qi Wu, Ten Long Sun, and Tin Tin Liu. "Research on New Automotive Drum Bench and Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1459.

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Automobile drum test bench is conducted test car's dynamic economy tests, special test equipment emissions performance evaluation and analysis of the simulated vehicle right road resistance is the key to drum test rig. This paper first describes the electrical simulation theory cars with resistance and inertia, and the establishment of automobile roads resistance electrical simulation mathematical model of the software platform drum bench and control system is analyzed and designed and conducted inertia simulation control mode the test results showed that inertia simulation control and reliable operation.

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7

Bandel, P., and C. Di Bernardo. "A Laboratory Facility for the Study of Rubber Traction and Wear Resistance." Tire Science and Technology 18, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2141700.

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Abstract Phenomena occurring at the interface between the tread compound and the road surface are responsible for at least two main tire characteristics: traction capability and wear resistance. Both depend on the road surface geometry, the presence of thin films of water, local contact pressure, tread element stiffness, temperature, tangential slip, etc. To discount the effect of tire construction, a laboratory test using a small solid rubber wheel has been considered. A rig is designed to easily change the “road” surface, and convert it from wet to dry conditions, run the rubber wheel on such surfaces under high braking or driving torque, and measure torque against longitudinal slip. The rig features a flat disk on which different surfaces can be simulated and two separate electric motors driving the disk and the test wheel in order to control slip instead of torque and to avoid instability at high driving or braking torques. Results show longitudinal characteristics versus slip in different test conditions and simulation of severe abrasion conditions leading to typical abrasion patterns.

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8

Kou, Fa Rong. "The Study on Vehicle EHA Active Suspension with Time-Delay Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2002.

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A new vehicle active suspension with Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA) is suggested. The system consists of two parts: spring and actuator with variable control force. The actuator includes hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic pump, controller, etc. According to bond graph principle, bond graph model of EHA active suspension are built. For vehicle active suspension system, unavoidable time delay may appear in the controllable course. Time-delay influence on the dynamic performance of vehicle active suspension is analyzed. Physical prototype and experimental rig for EHA active suspension is built. Then the tests of suspension prototype with time-delay control are carried out on the developed test rig. The results show that the sprung mass acceleration of the active suspension with time-delay compensation significantly declines by 11.56% under the road input of 1.1Hz and by 12.8% under the road input of 1.5Hz

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9

Zhou, Kai, Ri Sha Na, and Xu Dong Wang. "Research on Vehicle ABS Detection Technology Based on Flywheel Inertia Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 2117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.2117.

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Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) has widespread used depending on its mature technology and superior performance. We design a test rig which can simulate the running condition of wheels for ABS to detect the braking performance. The kinetic energy of vehicle is replaced by the kinetic energy of rotating flywheel, and the tire-road friction coefficient is replaced by magnetic powder clutch. The amplitude of exciting current to the clutch has linear relationship with the friction coefficient, so as to provide a datum for detecting the working status of ABS under various road conditions. The system can realize simulating test of single road surface, bisectional road surface and joint road surface. The validity of the road simulation method can be verified by the real-time data from the user interface.

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10

Hossamel-deen, Yehia, Mohamed El-Haddad, and Shawky Hagar. "A TEST RIG FOR DYNAMIC EVALUATION OF OFF - ROAD TIRES CHARACTERISTICS." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 7, ASAT CONFERENCE (May 1, 1997): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.1997.25427.

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11

Kou, Fa Rong. "The Time-Delay Study on Vehicle Active Control Suspension." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.52.

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Actuator is a key factor for vehicle active suspension. A new vehicle active suspension is put forward based on the Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA).For vehicle active suspension system, unavoidable time delay may appear in the controllable course. The critical time-delay of EHA active suspension is calculated in this paper and time-delay influence on the dynamic performance of vehicle active suspension is analyzed. A time-delay compensation strategy for EHA active suspension is proposed to reduce time delay. A self-adapting fuzzy controller is designed and applied to active suspension system with EHA. Physical prototype and experimental rig for EHA active suspension are built. Then time-delay tests of suspension prototype are carried out on the developed test rig. Test results show that the sprung mass acceleration of the active suspension with time-delay compensation significantly declines by 12.4% under the road input of 1.2Hz and by 13.6% under the road input of 1.6Hz.

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12

Misoi, G. K., and R. M. Carson. "Corrugation of Unmetalled Roads Part 1: Vehicle Dynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 203, no. 3 (July 1989): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_168_02.

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The paper considers the dynamics of a vehicle running over a developing corrugation on an earth or gravel road. Theoretical models are used to show that the maximum contact force is imposed on or near the corrugation crest. Full-scale rolling rig experiments confirm this. Field observations show that the great majority of vehicles travel over corrugations at speeds that are above both the sprung and unsprung resonances. Hypotheses of road corrugation are discussed in the light of the results.

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13

Wang, Xiao, Dacheng Cong, Zhidong Yang, Shengjie Xu, and Junwei Han. "Iterative learning control with complex conjugate gradient optimization algorithm for multiaxial road durability test rig." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 2349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218786981.

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Service load replication performed on multiaxial hydraulic test rigs has been widely applied in automotive engineering for durability testing in laboratory. The frequency-domain off-line iterative learning control is used to generate the desired drive file, i.e. the input signals which drive the actuators of the test rig. During the iterations an experimentally identified linear frequency-domain system model is used. As the durability test rig and the specimen under test have a strong nonlinear behavior, a large number of iterations are needed to generate the drive file. This process will cause premature deterioration to the specimen unavoidably. In order to accelerate drive file construction, a method embedding complex conjugate gradient algorithm into the conventional off-line iterative learning control is proposed to reproduce the loading conditions. The basic principle and monotone convergence of the method is presented. The drive signal is updated according to the complex conjugate gradient and the optimal learning gain. An optimal learning gain can be obtained by an estimate loop. Finally, simulations are carried out based on the identified parameter model of a real spindle-coupled multiaxial test rig. With real-life spindle forces from the wheel force transducer in the proving ground test to be replicated, the simulation results indicate that the proposed conventional off-line iterative learning control with complex conjugate gradient algorithm allows generation of drive file more rapidly and precisely compared with the state-of-the-art off-line iterative learning control. Few have been done about the proposed method before. The new method is not limited to the durability testing and can be extended to other systems where repetitive tracking task is required.

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14

Cong, Nan, Xun Chen, Jian Zhong Shang, and Ke Shan Liang. "Virtual Fatigue Test of Auto Parts Based on Non-Structural Road Driving Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.595.

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Non-Structural road driving test is a key part of fatigue and durability tests for vehicles such as the construction machines and ATVs. Combining a theoretic road-tyre dynamic model with some real vehicle design parameters, the responses of the wheel axle under different non-structural road conditions were estimated conveniently. The responses can be taken as inputs for a virtual test-rig simulation, and the responses of every part on the test object are obtained separately. Fatigue life is predicted under the finite element circumstance, and the reliability and durability are concluded. Comparing with the real road-driving test, the virtual fatigue test method above can significantly reduce the test period. This method is used to predict the fatigue life of the rear axle-housing in construction machines, the accuracy of the method is verified by a corresponding real bench test.

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15

Liang, Yinggang, ZhenHua Zhang, and ShuFeng Lin. "Design and Rig Test of Hydro-Pneumatic Spring for Heavy Off-Road Vehicles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2338, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2338/1/012075.

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Abstract In order to meet the requirements of heavy off-road vehicles for long-stroke elastic elements, a new type of double-chamber hydro-pneumatic spring was innovatively designed. According to the structure and working characteristics, the mathematical models of the spring under two working conditions are established, and its stiffness characteristics are analyzed. The force and displacement data of the spring at different frequencies were obtained by rig test. The static friction, damping and elastic force of the spring are separated. Based on the data of elastic force and displacement, the polytropic exponent of hydro-pneumatic spring under different working conditions is identified by curve fitting. The structure and theoretical model of double-chamber hydro-pneumatic spring designed in this paper provide support for the application of hydro-pneumatic spring in long-stroke off-road vehicle.

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16

Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Arsyad, Mohd Kameil Abdul Hamid, and Ahmad Razimi Mat Lazim. "The Road Particle Effect on Squeal Noise of Disc Braking System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (January 2016): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.563.

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This experimental work was carried out to examine the effect of road particle on squeal noise exerted at different load and sliding speed. The test was performed under dry sliding condition by utilizing brake test rig and commercial brake pad and discs. Squeal measurement was taken based on frequency, sound pressure level (SPL) value, vibration and brake torque measurement. The output signal from microphone and accelerometer was processed by Fast Fourier Transform analyzer to synchronize value SPL and vibration in the power spectrum graph. Simultaneous increase at the same value of frequency and SPL values showed the squeal occurrence for value above 70dBa and 1000Hz respectively. Result for test with road particle showed number of squeal tends to increase compared to test without road particle. SPL also showed high pitch of noise on squeal with road particle presence. Brake torque significantly increased with increasing brake line pressure and exaggerated with road particle. Higher brake torque resulted in higher coefficient of friction and showed high squeal generation.

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17

He, Wei Xing, Chun Fang Yin, and Xiao Ping Chen. "Design and Implementation of Rolling Bearing’s Vibration Signals Transmission System in Oil Drilling Rig." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.49.

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Based on the characteristics of rolling bearing vibration signals in oil drilling rig and the operation principles of oil drilling equipments, a signal transmission strategy combining wireless communication technology and signal line transmission is proposed. A reusing equipment of current loop bus time-sharing switching is innovatively designed. By adopting wireless time-sharing control and switching technology, the transmission of multi-road high-frequency vibration signals is completed by means of a high quality shielded coaxial cable. The fixture greatly simplifies the wiring connection mode and reduces the patch number. Thus, the equipment cost is lowered and higher reliability of system is achieved. The fixture realizes the real-time and efficient transmission of vibration signal of rolling bearing in oil drilling rig.

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18

Maillard, Arnaud, Éric Noppe, Benoît Eynard, and Xavier Carniel. "Hydroacoustic modelling applied in hydraulic components: a test rig based experiment." Mechanics & Industry 21, no. 5 (2020): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020055.

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The exponential increase of computational power has allowed the development of numerical simulation methods. Numerical simulation is widely used in the industries at all stages of the product development process: the design support, comparison between several solutions, final validation. Virtual prototyping and optimization methods enable to meet requirements from the first physical prototype. Hydraulic power transmission, which can be considered as a mature technology providing an unrivalled specific power, is widespread for Off-Road and On-Road vehicles. Nevertheless, this kind of technology has two identified weaknesses which are energetic efficiency and noise generated during the operation. In such a context, the proposed research project focuses on the modelling, the analysis and the simulation for a component set constituting a hydraulic transmission taking into account the flow and pressure ripples. Thus, this work deals with the modelling of fluid borne noise applied to a hydrostatic transmission. From the state-of-the-art on hydroacoustic spread laws, the paper introduces an original method for the modelling of the transition from frequency to temporal domain allowing an analysis of the unsteady behaviour of hydraulic systems. Then, this method is applied to characterize the hydroacoustic behaviour of a rigid pipe using a simulation software. Finally, the used experimental means are presented, as well as a correlation between real measurement and computational analysis applied for a rigid pipe.

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19

Kang, Yeon June, David P. Song, and Kang Duck Ih. "Estimation of body input force transmission change due to parts’ modification using the impedance method under rolling excitation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017743909.

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This study aims to estimate the change in suspension to body input force transmission due to the softening of the connecting elastomer under rolling excitation. In this respect, the suspension coupled to a vehicle body via an elastomer bushing is modeled using point impedance. A numerical study is performed for achievable force reduction due to a softened bush under the influence of different impedance combinations for the suspension and the vehicle body. Following a numerical study, the proposed model is validated through empirical testing of McPherson strut type suspension in the lateral arm Y direction and multilink type rear suspension in the front mount X direction, which represent extremely stiff and extremely soft coupling cases for the suspension type, respectively. Due to the difficulties in measuring road-induced operational forces within an actual vehicle, a validation test is performed using a previously developed rig that enables direct measurement of the force without modifying the structure of the suspension. Additionally, the rig-measured force, which is potentially misleading due to the large deviation in stiffness between the rig and an actual vehicle, is investigated under varying combinations of suspension and bush stiffness.

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20

Kang, Yeon June, Jun Gu Kim, David P. Song, and Kang Duck Ih. "Derivation of road noise improvement factor within a suspension system using the inverse substructuring method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 14 (March 11, 2019): 3775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019835624.

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This research aims to develop a method to efficiently reduce the body input force from the chassis due to road-induced excitation. To this end, the frequency response function–based substructuring method is employed to model the vehicle cross member and coupling points. Using this model, the dynamic stiffness modification factor of elastic bushing at the effective path is predicted for reducing road noise. Because of the difficulties in directly obtaining dynamic properties of body mount bushings pressured into the sub-frame, the frequency response function–based substructuring model and inverse formulation method are used to indirectly estimate the bushing’s dynamic properties. Therefore, the primary focus of this study is to validate the feasibility of using the inverse formulation method for deriving road noise improvement factor on a simple cross member application. In this feasibility validation, road excitation is simply substituted with a shaker excitation in vertical direction. The previously developed suspension rig that enables a direct measurement of the body input force at the coupling points and the specially developed cross member jig are used for the validation test.

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21

Löwer, Jan, Paul Wagner, Hans-Joachim Unrau, Burkhard Wies, and Frank Gauterin. "Model for the Pattern-Dependent Wet Grip Prediction of Tires." Vehicles 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 84–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3010006.

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The most important task of the tire is to ensure driving safety by optimally transmitting the required longitudinal and lateral driving forces. Although great progress has been made in the past in the development of new materials and patterns, many questions remain unanswered in the field of elastomer friction on rough surfaces. This is particularly true when an additional intermediate medium is introduced into the contact, as for braking on wet roads in the form of water. To better understand this process, a model of a single-tread block on a rough road surface is developed. The influence of the fluid is represented by a physical meaningful friction law. The model is validated with results of tire wet-braking tests on an internal drum test rig. The model can map the interaction between tire tread, rough road surface and fluid film and the simulation results show a good agreement with the measurement results. Based on the investigation of individual tread blocks, a new approach to the description of the wet-braking behavior of passenger car tires was thus demonstrated, which can be extended to more complex tread geometries in the future.

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22

Yao, Di, Philipp Ulbricht, Stefan Tonutti, Kay Büttner, and Prokop Günther. "A novel approach for experimental identification of vehicle dynamic parameters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 10-11 (April 21, 2020): 2634–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020908724.

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Pervasive applications of the vehicle simulation technology are a powerful motivation for the development of modern automobile industry. As basic parameters of road vehicle, vehicle dynamic parameters can significantly influence the ride comfort and dynamics of vehicle, and therefore have to be calculated accurately to obtain reliable vehicle simulation results. Aiming to develop a general solution, which is applicable to diverse test rigs with different mechanisms, a novel model-based parameter identification approach using optimized excitation trajectory is proposed in this paper to identify the vehicle dynamic parameters precisely and efficiently. The proposed approach is first verified against a virtual test rig using a universal mechanism. The simulation verification consists of four sections: (a) kinematic analysis, including the analysis of forward/inverse kinematic and singularity architecture; (b) dynamic modeling, in which three kinds of dynamic modeling method are used to derive the dynamic models for parameter identification; (c) trajectory optimization, which aims to search for the optimal trajectory to minimize the sensitivity of parameter identification to measurement noise; and (d) multibody simulation, by which vehicle dynamic parameters are identified based on the virtual test rig in the simulation environment. In addition to the simulation verification, the proposed parameter identification approach is applied to the real test rig (vehicle inertia measuring machine) in laboratory subsequently. Despite the mechanism difference between the virtual test rig and vehicle inertia measuring machine, this approach has shown an excellent portability. The experimental results indicate that the proposed parameter identification approach can effectively identify the vehicle dynamic parameters without a high requirement of movement accuracy.

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23

de Mul, Arthur. "Development of a highly automated mobile rig for the Australian CSG market." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19075.

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In Q2 2020, a fully automated rig will enter the coal seam gas fields of Queensland, to work for a major operator. It is expected to be 20–30% faster than current operations. This document describes the upfront iterative design process with local potential users. Following discussions with various contractors and operators it became evident that there was a gap to bridge between operator and contractor targets and in what current operations have to offer. Both strive for the highest safety levels and operational efficiency, reducing the overall time per well, completed by minimising environmental impact. The above fits in the overall industry trend of transformation from mechanised rigs towards fully automated hands-free operated rigs. It was with these ingredients that the basis of a new iterative design process was formed, in which input from the operator field lieutenants, contractor rig crews and the supporting office was translated into a technical design. The target was set to reduce 20–30% of time per well. Key elements were the choice for road legal trailerised loads with no loose items, which resulted in rig moves of 4–6 h. Fully automated sequenced pipe tripping and casing running contributed to big improvements in efficiency and safety level (no people on the floor during standard operations). Performance can be real-time evaluated and optimised by collecting all rig and downhole data on the OPC server. The server also controls the mud system, downhole data and other important systems. This enables through-life time optimisation.

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24

Andert, Jakob, Feihong Xia, Serge Klein, Daniel Guse, Rene Savelsberg, Raul Tharmakulasingam, Matthias Thewes, and Johannes Scharf. "Road-to-rig-to-desktop: Virtual development using real-time engine modelling and powertrain co-simulation." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 7 (April 10, 2018): 686–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418767221.

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By front-loading of the conventional vehicle testing to engine test bench or even further forward to offline simulations, it is possible to assess a large variation of powertrain design parameters and testing manoeuvres in the early development stages. This entails a substantial cost reduction compared to physical vehicle testing and hence an optimisation of the modern powertrain development process. This approach is often referred to as road-to-rig-to-desktop. To demonstrate the potential of this road-to-rig-to-desktop methodology as a seamless development process, a crank angle–resolved real-time engine model for a turbocharged gasoline engine was built with the simulation tool GT-POWER®. The model was validated with measurement data from an engine test bench and integrated into a vehicle co-simulation, which also includes a dual clutch transmission, the chassis, the environment and the automated driver. The most relevant functions of the engine and the transmission control systems were implemented in a Simulink-based software control unit. To verify the engine model in the transient vehicle simulation, two 900-s time windows from a 2-h real driving emission test, representing urban and motorway conditions, are simulated using the developed co-simulation platform. The simulation results are compared with the respective vehicle measurement data. The fuel consumption deviation caused by the combustion engine model is within 5%. The transient system behaviour and the dominant engine operation points could be predicted with a satisfying accuracy.

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25

Niculescu, Adrian Ioan, and Razvan Cristian Bujoaica. "The Study of the New Type of Trim Corrector Efficiency, Based the Tests on Rigs and on Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (January 2016): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.94.

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The paper purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of a new kind of suspension trim corrector based the tests on rigs an on the vehicle. The trim correction is realized by two pneumatic elements placed on the vehicle rear shock absorbers. The tests on rigs were realized on a hydropuls rig recording the force evolution with the stroke for some pneumatic pressure. Then the trim correctors were placed on the vehicle, being tested the trim evolution with the pneumatic pressure for some loaded states. Finally the tests were continued on road to evaluate their well behavior for some loaded vehicle states. All results confirmed the high efficiency of the new trim model and its well behavior on road. This reason the new trim corrector solution is in protection phase.

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26

Cole, D. J., and D. Cebon. "Modification of a Heavy Vehicle Suspension to Reduce Road Damage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 209, no. 3 (July 1995): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_203_02.

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A test rig for measuring the quasi-static performance of tandem suspensions in the laboratory is described. Measurements on a standard tandem leaf-spring suspension show it to have high effective stiffness in bounce and poor static load equalization. A method for eliminating the spring-end friction is investigated, and found to improve the performance significantly. A two-dimensional articulated vehicle simulation is validated with measurements from a test vehicle. The simulation is then used to study the effect on dynamic tyre forces of three modifications to the trailer suspension: softer springs; elimination of spring-end friction; and hydraulic dampers. The r.m.s. dynamic loads generated by the trailer axles are predicted to decrease by approximately 31 per cent and the theoretical road damage is predicted to decrease by about 13 per cent. The trailer suspension of the test vehicle is adapted to incorporate the three modifications and the measured reductions in dynamic tyre forces are found to be about half those predicted by the simulation.

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27

Ibicek, T., and A. N. Thite. "In Situ Measurement of Discomfort Curves for Seated Subjects in a Car on the Four-Post Rig." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2014 (August 4, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/239178.

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The aim of this study is to measure and quantify perceived intensity of discomfort due to vibration in a vehicle in situ considering complete vehicle dynamic behaviour. The shaker table based discomfort curves or the road test results may not accurately and universally indicate the true level of human discomfort in a vehicle. A new experimental method, using a seated human in a car on the four-post rig simulator, is proposed to quantify discomfort. The intensity of perception to vibration decreased with decreasing input and increasing frequency; the rate of change is different from the published literature; the difference is large for angular modes of inputs. Vehicle dynamic response is used to inform and analyse the results. The repeatability of the method and the fact that they are in situ measurements may eventually help reduce reliance on the road tests. Furthermore, discomfort curves obtained, subsequently, can be used in predictive models.

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Petterson, T. C., and S. D. Gooch. "ROLLING RESISTANCE OF ATV TYRES IN AGRICULTURE." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 2561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.75.

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AbstractElectric vehicles are playing an increasingly important role in the agricultural sector. The selection of tyres for reducing energy loss due to rolling resistance is an important consideration in determining the viability of these vehicles. To date little is known about rolling resistance of small all-terrain vehicles. In this study a test rig was used to collect rolling resistance data for seven ATV tyres. The study verifies the relationship between normal load and rolling resistance and gives insight into some of the important considerations when selecting tyres for small off road vehicles.

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Xu, Xing, Long Chen, Liqin Sun, and Xiaodong Sun. "Dynamic Ride Height Adjusting Controller of ECAS Vehicle with Random Road Disturbances." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/439515.

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The ride height control system is greatly affected by the random road excitation during the ride height adjusting of the driving condition. The structure of ride height adjusting system is first analyzed, and then the mathematical model of the ride height adjusting system with the random disturbance is established as a stochastic nonlinear system. This system is decoupled using the differential geometry theory and stabilized using the Variable Structure Control (VSC) technique. The designed ride height control system converges in probability to be asymptotically stable in the sliding motion band, and the desired control law is solved to ensure the stable adjustment of the ride height system. Simulation results show that the proposed stochastic VSC method is effective for the dynamic adjusting of the ride height. Finally, the semiphysical rig test illustrates the applicability of the proposed scheme.

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30

Feng, Jin Zhi, Le Liu, Song Lin Zheng, Da Wei Gao, and Tao Sun. "Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of a Dual-Link Suspension." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1230.

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Based on the multi-body dynamics theory, a rigid-flexible coupling dual-link suspension model is established. Belgium road motivate inputs gathered from a proving ground are imposed on both wheels through a suspension-test rig and then a simulation is carried out. Next, the model is verified and refined by the available field test results of rear axle vertical acceleration. At last, based on the validated suspension dynamic model, a comprehensive dynamic load simulation is performed and different kinds of load form of suspension components are analyzed. This research could provide reference for measure point selection of load spectrum acquisition.

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31

Li, I.-Hsum, and Lian-Wang Lee. "Design and Development of an Active Suspension System Using Pneumatic-Muscle Actuator and Intelligent Control." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 20, 2019): 4453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204453.

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A pneumatic muscle is a cheap, clean, and high-power active actuator. However, it is difficult to control due to its inherent nonlinearity and time-varying characteristics. This paper presents a pneumatic muscle active suspension system (PM-ASS) for vehicles and uses an experimental study to analyze its stability and accuracy in terms of reducing vibration. In the PM-ASS, the pneumatic muscle actuator is designed in parallel with two MacPherson struts to provide a vertical force between the chassis and the wheel. This geometric arrangement allows the PM-ASS to produce the maximum force to counter road vibration and make the MacPherson struts generate significant improvement. In terms of the controller design, this paper uses an adaptive Fourier neural network sliding-mode controller with H ∞ tracking performance for the PM-ASS, which confronts nonlinearities and time-varying characteristics. A state-predictor is used to predict the output error and to provide the predictions for the controller. Experiments with a rough concave-convex road and a two-bump excitation road use a quarter-car test rig to verify the practical feasibility of the PM-ASS, and the results show that the PM-ASS gives an improvement the ride comfort.

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32

Wang, Xiao, Dacheng Cong, Zhidong Yang, and Junwei Han. "Root Based Optimization Algorithm for Task-Oriented Structural Design of a Multi-Axial Road Test Rig." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 168061–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022531.

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33

Wang, Xiao, Dacheng Cong, Zhidong Yang, Shengjie Xu, and Junwei Han. "Modified Quasi-Newton Optimization Algorithm-Based Iterative Learning Control for Multi-Axial Road Durability Test Rig." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 31286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897711.

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34

Andert, Jakob, Feihong Xia, Serge Klein, Rene Savelsberg, Daniel Guse, Raul Tharmakulasingam, Matthias Thewes, and Johannes Scharf. "Road-to-Rig-to-Desktop - Virtual Development Using Real-Time Engine Modeling and Powertrain-Co-Simulation." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2017.9 (2017): A108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2017.9.a108.

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35

Tan Pe Hao, Muhammad Iftishah Ramdan, Khairul Anuar Idris, Muhammad Syafiq Abdul Rashid, Muhamad Haziq Haris Patilah, Mohd Azmi Ismail, and Inzarul Faisham Abdul Rahim. "Performance on Regenerative Braking System on a Through-The-Road Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 91, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.91.2.6271.

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Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle (HHV) has a great potential to be an efficient drive train for passenger vehicle, yet most of the HHV drive train studies are focused on heavy-duty vehicles. In order to apply the HHV drive train in passenger vehicles, the performance of the regenerative braking system of the through-the-road (TTR) parallel architecture HHV needs to be tested. The performance of the HHV drive train is captured by the overall efficiency of the hydraulic pump and the mechanical efficiency of the hydraulic motor. This paper obtains the efficiencies of the hydraulic pump and motor by building a test rig to measure their torque using load cells. The highest overall efficiency of the pump is 82% and the highest mechanical efficiency of the motor is 74 %. Both highest efficiencies are achieved when the regenerative braking system operates at pressure of 75 bar.

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36

Kou, Fa Rong. "Sky-Hook Control of Vehicle Active Suspension with Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.30.

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A kind of vehicle active suspension based on Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA) is put forward. The suspension system consists of two parts: spring and actuator with controlled force. The actuator includes hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic pump, controller, etc. In this paper, a quarter-car dynamic model is exactly established involving bond graph models of EHA parts. Under the input conditions of the given road profile and designed sky-hook controller, The prototype and test rig of EHA active suspension are developed and bench tests are carried out. The simulation and experimental results show that sky-hook active suspension with EHA provides better ride comfort, handling and stability than passive suspension.

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37

Buckner, Gregory D., Karl T. Schuetze, and Joe H. Beno. "Intelligent Feedback Linearization for Active Vehicle Suspension Control." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 4 (July 3, 2000): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1408945.

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Анотація:

Effective control of ride quality and handling performance are challenges for active vehicle suspension systems, particularly for off-road applications. Off-road vehicles experience large suspension displacements, where the nonlinear kinematics and damping characteristics of suspension elements are significant. These nonlinearities tend to degrade the performance of active suspension systems, introducing harshness to the ride quality and reducing off-road mobility. Typical control strategies rely on linear, time-invariant models of the suspension dynamics. While these models are convenient, nominally accurate, and tractable due to the abundance of linear control techniques, they neglect the nonlinearities and time-varying dynamics present in real suspension systems. One approach to improving the effectiveness of active vehicle suspension systems, while preserving the benefits of linear control techniques, is to identify and cancel these nonlinearities using Feedback Linearization. In this paper the authors demonstrate an intelligent parameter estimation approach using structured artificial neural networks that continually “learns” the nonlinear parameter variations of a quarter-car suspension model. This estimation algorithm becomes the foundation for an Intelligent Feedback Linearization (IFL) controller for active vehicle suspensions. Results are presented for computer simulations, real-time experimental tests, and field evaluations using an off-road vehicle (a military HMMWV). Experimental results for a quarter-car test rig demonstrate 60% improvements in ride quality relative to baseline (non-adapting) control algorithms. Field trial results reveal 95% reductions in absorbed power and 65% reductions in peak sprung mass acceleration using this IFL approach versus conventional passive suspensions.

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38

Zhang, Yuan-Fang, Julien Cesbron, Hai-Ping Yin, and Michel Bérengier. "Experimental Study of Normal Contact Force Between a Rolling Pneumatic Tyre and a Single Asperity." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 06 (September 2017): 1750081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500818.

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This paper proposes a novel experimental test apparatus that permits direct measurements of tyre/asperity normal contact forces under rolling conditions without interfacial layer. A reduced-sized pneumatic tyre is set rolling on the exterior surface of a cylindrical test rig simulating a smooth road surface except a single asperity of simple geometric shape connected to an embedded force transducer. Distinct asperity geometries lead to similar shapes of force signal but different magnitudes whose relationships with the indentation have exponents close to those in classical analytical solutions. By analyzing the time signals of the contact force and their frequency contents for different rolling speeds, the quasi-static nature of the contact, commonly assumed in numerical models, is verified.

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39

Kubba, A. I., G. J. Hall, S. Varghese, O. A. Olatunbosun, and C. J. Anthony. "Modeling of Contact Patch in Dual-Chamber Pneumatic Tires." Tire Science and Technology 46, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.18.460202.

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ABSTRACT This study presents an investigation of the inner tire surface strain measurement by using piezoelectric polymer transducers adhered on the inner liner of the tire, acting as strain sensors in both conventional and dual-chamber tires. The piezoelectric elements generate electrical charges when strain is applied. The inner liner tire strain can be found from the generated charge. A wireless data logger was employed to measure and transmit the measured signals from the piezoelectric elements to a PC to store and display the readout signals in real time. The strain data can be used as a monitoring system to recognize tire-loading conditions (e.g., traction, braking, and cornering) in smart tire technology. Finite element simulations, using ABAQUS, were employed to estimate tire deformation patterns in both conventional and dual-chamber tires for pure rolling and steady-state cornering conditions for different inflation pressures to simulate on-road and off-road riding tire performances and to compare with the experimental results obtained from both the piezoelectric transducers and tire test rig.

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40

Soria, L., B. Peeters, J. Anthonis, and H. Van der Auweraer. "Operational Modal Analysis and the Performance Assessment of Vehicle Suspension Systems." Shock and Vibration 19, no. 5 (2012): 1099–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/127316.

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Анотація:

Comfort, road holding and safety of passenger cars are mainly influenced by an appropriate design of suspension systems. Improvements of the dynamic behaviour can be achieved by implementing semi-active or active suspension systems. In these cases, the correct design of a well-performing suspension control strategy is of fundamental importance to obtain satisfying results. Operational Modal Analysis allows the experimental structural identification in those that are the real operating conditions: Moving from output-only data, leading to modal models linearised around the more interesting working points and, in the case of controlled systems, providing the needed information for the optimal design and verification of the controller performance. All these characters are needed for the experimental assessment of vehicle suspension systems. In the paper two suspension architectures are considered equipping the same car type. The former is a semi-active commercial system, the latter a novel prototypic active system. For the assessment of suspension performance, two different kinds of tests have been considered, proving ground tests on different road profiles and laboratory four poster rig tests. By OMA-processing the signals acquired in the different testing conditions and by comparing the results, it is shown how this tool can be effectively utilised to verify the operation and the performance of those systems, by only carrying out a simple, cost-effective road test.

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41

Vishnyakov, B., and V. Sheverdin. "REAL-TIME SLAM FOR THE OFF-ROAD AUTONOMOUS DRIVING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-631-2020.

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Abstract. In this paper we propose a new SLAM algorithm that is robust to the changing environment of the countryside. The hardware part consists of two separate machine vision cameras, joined in stereo, and can be supplemented with LiDAR, IMU and GPS. We introduce a method that can be used to reliably calculate the position of a vehicle in natural environments. To estimate the pose and produce a three-dimensional reconstruction we use a stereo camera rig, inertial measurement unit and the global positioning system. While solving the problem of visual odometry in outdoor scenes we faced a number of difficulties, arising from high dynamic range, as well as the presence of a large number of "similar elements", such as leaves, grass, trees and etc. Under these conditions, it becomes difficult to match feature points in image sequences. HOG-based methods, such as SIFT, SURF and others often do not obtain good matching due to noise, lack of a sufficient number of gradients, and the presence of identical domains. Using neighborhood-based detectors such as DAISY often allows to identify the correct matches, but using them is worth it too expensive. These methods are very demanding on the computational resources and prone to drift. We needed a method that is less expensive, but at the same time provides sufficient accuracy in the trajectory estimation. Direct methods, such as optical flow calculating or direct image matching allow us to map point-to-point in these conditions with high reliability. They also have disadvantages that can be eliminated by using an IMU and modern algorithms. To improve the quality of the algorithms, we solve the reconstruction problem for several frames using the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method for bundle adjustment. Each pass optimizes frames that are directly related to the last one, we use two threads that perform partial and full optimization of the entire trajectory using graphs to significantly increase the performance of the method.

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42

Ortega Almirón, Jesús, Fabio Bianciardi, Patrick Corbeels, Nicola Pieroni, Peter Kindt, and Wim Desmet. "Vehicle road noise prediction using component-based transfer path analysis from tire test-rig measurements on a rolling tire." Journal of Sound and Vibration 523 (April 2022): 116694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2021.116694.

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43

Chindamo, Daniel, Marco Gadola, and Felipe P. Marchesin. "Reproduction of real-world road profiles on a four-poster rig for indoor vehicle chassis and suspension durability testing." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 2017): 168781401772600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017726004.

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44

Albinsson, Anton, Fredrik Bruzelius, Bengt Jacobson, and Egbert Bakker. "Evaluation of vehicle-based tyre testing methods." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018760953.

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The demand for reduced development time and cost for passenger cars increases the strive to replace physical testing with simulations. This leads to requirements on the accuracy of the simulation models used in the development process. The tyres, the only components transferring forces from the road to the vehicle, are a challenge from a modelling and parameterization perspective. Tests are typically performed on flat belt tyre testing machines. Flat belt machines offers repeatable and reliable measurements. However, differences between the real world road surface and the flat belt can be expected. Hence, when using a tyre model based on flat belt measurements in full vehicle simulations, differences between the simulations and real prototype testing can be expected as well. Vehicle-based tyre testing can complement flat belt measurements by allowing reparameterization of tyre models to a new road surface. This paper describes an experimental vehicle-based tyre testing approach that aims to parameterize force and moment tyre models compatible with the standard tyre interface. Full-vehicle tests are performed, and the results are compared to measurements from a mobile tyre testing rig on the same surface and to measurements on a flat belt machine. The results show that it is feasible to measure the inputs and outputs to the standard tyre interface on a flat road surface with the used experimental setup. The flat belt surface and the surface on the test track show similar characteristics. The maximum lateral force is sensitive to the chosen manoeuvres, likely due to temperature differences and to vibrations at large slip angles. For tyre models that do not model these effects, it is vital to test the tyres in a manoeuvre that creates comparable conditions for the tyres as the manoeuvre in which the tyre model will be used.

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45

Mariana, Nova, Virgo Trisep Haris, and Fadrizal Lubis. "Analisis Nilai CBR pada Pekerjaan Road and Location Construction HW-11C Well 4D-38D dengan Metode Dynamic Cone Penetrometer." JURNAL TEKNIK 12, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/teknik.v12i2.1874.

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Pekerjaan Road and Location (RL) Construction HW-11C Well 4N-38D adalah pekerjaan untuk mempersiapkan lahan yang cukup luas rata-rata berbentuk bujur sangkar di lokasi 4N-38D. Area ini berguna untuk tempat berdirinya alat-alat rig yang beroperasi untuk melakukan pengeboran. Kondisi tanah sekitar lokasi cukup buruk dengan jenis tanah gambut yang cukup tebal. Untuk menghidari timbul efek destructive pada alat-alat tersebut, misanya tipping, stuck, bahkan amblas maka perlu adanya stabilisais tanah. Stabilisasi tanah yang dilakukan secara mekanis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan nilai CBR sesuai standar persyaratan kepadatan tanah dengan menggunakan alat uji DCP. Metode perhitungan yang digunakan disesuaikan dengan pedoman bahan kosntruksi bangunan dan rekayasa sipil Departemen Pekerjaan Umum yaitu cara uji CBR dengan Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) konus 300. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh bahwa hasil analisis data pada lima titik pengujian diperoleh nilai CBR mencapai 6%, hal ini membuktikan tercapainya kinerja kualitas hasil pemadatan subgrade tanah yang dilakukan.

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Liu, F., M. P. F. Sutcliffe, and W. R. Graham. "Modeling of Tread Block Contact Mechanics Using Linear Viscoelastic Theory3." Tire Science and Technology 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2965832.

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Abstract In an effort to understand the dynamic hub forces on road vehicles, an advanced free-rolling tire-model is being developed in which the tread blocks and tire belt are modeled separately. This paper presents the interim results for the tread block modeling. The finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit is used to predict the contact forces on the tread blocks based on a linear viscoelastic material model. Special attention is paid to investigating the forces on the tread blocks during the impact and release motions. A pressure and slip-rate-dependent frictional law is applied in the analysis. A simplified numerical model is also proposed where the tread blocks are discretized into linear viscoelastic spring elements. The results from both models are validated via experiments in a high-speed rolling test rig and found to be in good agreement.

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47

Affandi, Aiman, M. Z. Hassan, and Nur Hazwani Mokhtar. "The Development of the Driving Simulator: Anthropometry and Occupant Packaging Evaluation in Ergonomic Study." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.10.7.

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The primary purpose of this study was to produce a driving simulator guided by ergonomics and anthropometry in the population of Malaysians. The data obtained from previous studies on the Malaysian population are minimal, so this study should be highlighted in the automotive research industry. Hence, this study also aimed to improve the existing study, where the driving simulator can investigate driving behavior systematically and in more detail. Furthermore, the simulator can produce the same scenario on the road without involving actual vehicles. Therefore, using a driving simulator can reduce the risk and cost of the study done on a real road. The used monitor will broadcast the setup road scenario on the display that will be observed and evaluated afterward. The research observed anthropometry data from 103 participants in 23 different measurements of 11 standing and 12 sitting positions. This analysis continues with the study of occupant packaging measurement in an actual vehicle's driving area, determining the driving simulator dimension. The driving simulator design is then obtained by analyzing three different vehicle models: BMW i3, Toyota Prius, and Proton Preve. This phase includes the standard and optimum driver seat adjustment according to the required ergonomics study, which is proportional to the Malaysian population measurement based on the selected previous study. The design proceeds with the material selection with aluminum extrusion as its design material. Finally, the design created is analyzed in a CATIA V5 simulation to examine the displacement magnitude and von Mises stress of the rig frame structure when some load is appointed. The final phase included a physical test to measure the driving simulator's abilities to avoid the stated obstacles in measuring its accuracy compared to an actual on-road experiment. This phase included 10 participants with two different scenarios. Participants had a compulsory questionnaire to conclude the analysis based on their experience. In conclusion, this study discriminated against on-road driving behavior with high safety factors and low cost without involving an actual vehicle or road. Hence, the simulation of the designed product proves that the subject weight is directly proportional to the displacement magnitude and its von Mises stress, and vice versa.

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Tang, Ai Hua. "Ride Comfort Optimisation of Passenger Car Passive Suspension Systems Using ADAMS/ Insight." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.1142.

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The arising health problems of ride comfort of passenger cars point out that a lot of effort still has to be put into the design of passive suspension systems.The comfort problem originates from the vibrations transmitted to the driver and passengers caused by the unevenness of the road. This paper reports on an investigation to determine the spring and damper settings that will ensure optimal ride comfort of a passenger car at different speeds. D-optimal designs are developed via multibody dynamics software (ADAMS/Insight) with a model. Evaluation of the comfort improvement was done using an objective function according to the international organisation for standardisation (ISO)2631(1997). The optimised passive suspensions equipped in a passenger car were tested on a test rig in ADAMS/Car. The results show that the vibration levels can be reduced by 47%, generating a drastic comfort improvement.

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49

Taghavifar, Hamid, Asad Modarres Motlagh, Aref Mardani, Ali Hassanpour, Ashkan Haji Hosseinloo, Leyla Taghavifar, and Chongfeng Wei. "APPRAISAL OF TAKAGI–SUGENO TYPE NEURO-FUZZY NETWORK SYSTEM WITH A MODIFIED DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION METHOD TO PREDICT NONLINEAR WHEEL DYNAMICS CAUSED BY ROAD IRREGULARITIES." TRANSPORT 31, no. 2 (June 28, 2016): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1193047.

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Wheel dynamics play a substantial role in traversing and controlling the vehicle, braking, ride comfort, steering, and maneuvering. The transient wheel dynamics are difficult to be ascertained in tire–obstacle contact condition. To this end, a single-wheel testing rig was utilized in a soil bin facility for provision of a controlled experimental medium. Differently manufactured obstacles (triangular and Gaussian shaped geometries) were employed at different obstacle heights, wheel loads, tire slippages and forward speeds to measure the forces induced at vertical and horizontal directions at tire–obstacle contact interface. A new Takagi–Sugeno type neuro-fuzzy network system with a modified Differential Evolution (DE) method was used to model wheel dynamics caused by road irregularities. DE is a robust optimization technique for complex and stochastic algorithms with ever expanding applications in real-world problems. It was revealed that the new proposed model can be served as a functional alternative to classical modeling tools for the prediction of nonlinear wheel dynamics.

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50

Li, Wenfeng, Zhengchao Xie, Pak Kin Wong, Yucong Cao, Xingqi Hua, and Jing Zhao. "Robust nonfragile H∞ optimum control for active suspension systems with time-varying actuator delay." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 18 (June 17, 2019): 2435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319857338.

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Анотація:

The active suspension has drawn considerable attention due to its superiority in improving the vehicle vertical dynamics. This paper investigates robust nonfragile H∞ optimal control for the vehicle active suspension with time-varying actuator delay. Firstly, the dynamic equation of an active suspension system with actuator delay is established in terms of the main performance objectives, that is, ride comfort, handling ability, and road holding. Then, a robust nonfragile H∞ optimal controller is proposed to deal with the problem of active suspension control with time delay and actuator uncertainty, which is based on Lyapunov theory, convex optimization, and the linear matrix inequality approach. Finally, a quarter-car test rig is used for an experiment to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller can ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system with bounded time-varying actuator delay, while managing the tradeoff between the conflicting performances and achieving performance optimization for the active suspension.

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