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1
van Veelen, M., and F. C. van Zyl. "Integrated water quality management: getting people involved in the Jukskei River." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1995): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0587.
Анотація:
Although the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry has committed itself to public participation with regard to water quality management in South Africa, no formal structure exists as yet within which this can take place. The Jukskei River Water Quality Steering Committee, which consists of representatives of various government departments, the Provincial Government, local authorities as well as non-government organisations and community-based organisations, therefore functions without a legal framework and without funds of its own. Nonetheless, the committee has been highly successful in co-ordinating various actions such as an in-depth study of the catchment and various public awareness campaigns. The latter were specifically aimed at changing the value systems of the community in the Jukskei River Catchment, as this was found to be one of the major stumbling blocks in addressing the various water quality problems in the catchment.
2
Kasahara, Yuri, Maria do Carmo Sobral, and Maiara Gabrielle de Souza Melo. "The local dimension in water resources governance: the experience of inter-municipal consortia and committees on river basins." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (Online) 55, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 282–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z2176-947820200711.
Анотація:
Integrated water resources management is advancing in Brazil as decentralized and participatory governance gains more prominence. However, local actions need to be better understood since several public policies are effectively implemented at this level. The present article aims to present the current debate about the local dimension in water resources governance. The paper analyzes empirical cases of water resources management in semi-arid Brazil, based on the performance of inter-municipal consortia and São Francisco’s River Basin Committee. Research shows that municipalities do not ignore the need to adopt new management models in response to their known financial and technical limitations. Cases of inter-municipal consortia and river basin committees have proven to be opportunities for greater visibility and action of local participants. Inter-municipal consortia assist in sanitation management, because they increase the access of municipalities to the services provided. On the other hand, dynamics of the river basin committee expanded the possibilities of participation of local actors, allowing the debate and shared decision-making. Nevertheless, identifying factors and strategies for the successful organization of local participation and cooperation in these new governance arrangements is needed.
3
Ribeiro, M. A. F. M., Z. M. C. L. Vieira, and M. M. R. Ribeiro. "Participatory and decentralized water resources management: challenges and perspectives for the North Paraíba River Basin committee – Brazil." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 9 (November 1, 2012): 2007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.414.
Анотація:
The Brazilian Water Resources Policy (Law 9433/1997) establishes participatory and decentralized management, involving civil society, water users and governmental bodies, with the basin committees as the basis of this process. Fifteen years after its implementation, it is possible to perceive accomplishments, but, at the same time, there are some difficulties in regards to the operation of the basin committees in the country. Considering the North Paraíba River Basin – which is completely included in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, and presents great social and economic importance for the state – this article analyzes the process of formation, installation and functioning of its Basin Committee (CBH-PB), focusing on its composition, the reasons for the mobilization and demobilization of its members, the intra-relations between segments, and the inter-relations between the CBH-PB and other entities of the State Water Management System (the Water Executive Agency and the State Water Resources Council). The level of decentralization and the quality of participatory management (as it is being performed at the CBH-PB) are discussed and guidelines are suggested in order to allow greater effectiveness to the committee.
4
Kitamura, Yuichi. "Establishment of the comprehensive river environment conservation system in collaboration with river stakeholders on the Tenryu River." E3S Web of Conferences 346 (2022): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234603021.
Анотація:
The sedimentation, turbid water and water quality are typical environmental issues for dams and reservoirs which have impact on the reservoir and downstream of dams. These impacts are influenced from the upstream of a dam, and influence to the downstream. Therefore, a more integrated environmental management approach and consideration have been required for the whole river system. The Tenryu River in Japan flows through the erodible area near the Median Tectonic Line on Honshu, the main island of Japan, and continuously carries a lot of sediment during floods. The “Tenryu River Natural Resources Rebirth Promotion Committee” was established in 2012. The purpose of the committee is to restore fish resources and improve the river environment. The feature of the liaison committee is that it is composed of the Tenryu River fisheries association, academic experts, and dam owner and exchanges knowledge and technology information in spite of each interest. The current activities are related to the theme of “attached algae/environmental DNA survey”, “turbid water measures in reservoir/spawning bed construction technique at downstream,” and “information dissemination”. In this paper, the activities of the comprehensive reservoir and river environment conservation system in collaboration with river stakeholders are introduced and described, including future prospects.
5
Le, Thang Viet, Triet Minh Lam, Tan Manh Le, and Tai Manh Pham. "PROPOSE AN APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR SAI GON RIVER WATER QUALITY." Science and Technology Development Journal 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2012): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v15i4.1825.
Анотація:
The article proposed an appropriate organization modeling for Sai Gon river water quality management based on the analysis having scientific and practical basic about aspects have done and aspects limited of LVS management organization (LVS environmental protection Committee) in past time, lesson learnt from effective LVS management performance of countries in the world as well as based on actual study changes in Sai Gon river water quality in many years and practically coordination management and environmental protection river among local area along river basin. The proposed modeling is feasible and practical aim to protect Sai Gon river water source serving for different purposes such as supply water for domestic demand, industry, irrigation, river landscape – tourism, and waterway etc., towards sustainable development of local area along river basin.
6
Finlayson, C. Max. "Views from divergent stakeholders on the Macquarie-Cudgegong River Management Committee." Ecological Management and Restoration 2, no. 2 (August 2001): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-8903.2001.00072.x.
7
Dion, René. "Twenty-five years of co-management of caribou in northern Québec." Rangifer 23, no. 5 (April 1, 2003): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.23.5.1715.
Анотація:
The Hunting Fishing and Trapping Co-ordinating Committee (HFTCC), created at the signature of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement has been meeting regularly since 1977. Early in the process, it became clear that the perception of the role and powers of the Committee were not commonly shared by the native and non-native members of the Committee. Nevertheless, the Committee has been used primarily as a consultative body for wildlife related issues. Of all the files on which the Committee worked, Caribou management, (including the development of outfitting and commercial hunting for this species) has been among one of the most discussed subjects during the meetings. An analysis of important decisions taken and of the process that led to them reveal that very rarely was the Committee able to formulate unanimous resolutions to the Governments concerning caribou management. In fact, only a few unanimous resolutions could be traced and many were ignored. This took place during a period of abundance and growth of the caribou herds. As a result, the Committee has gone through the cycle of growth of the George River Herd without a management plan, without a long term outfitting management plan and for the last 8 years, without a population estimate of the herds. This situation did not prevent the Committee from allocating quotas for a commercial hunt, open a winter sport hunt and to give permanent status to outfitting camps that were once established as mobile camps. It was hoped then that increased harvest would help maintain the population at carrying capacity. This short-term reaction however, never evolved into a more elaborate plan. Of course this must be looked at in the context of the HFTCC having a lot more to worry about than the Caribou. Although all members know of the population cycles of caribou, the decision process that must be triggered, should a crisis occur is not in place. This presently results into a polarization of concerned users (fall outfitters vs. winter outfitters, subsistence and sport hunters vs. commercial hunt, Outfitters Associations vs. HFTCC and eventually George River Herd users vs. Leaf River Herd users. The HFTCC may have to make difficult decisions during the coming years but did not gain much constructive experience through its first 25 years of existence. It is unfortunate that the authority of the Committee is binding the governments only in times of crisis when an upper limit of kill needs to be established. Because of the unpredictability of caribou herd numbers, the upper limit of kill should be established on a yearly basis. This would insure that the committee is fed information continuously in order to make informed decisions and would also re-establish the authority of the HFTCC over this resource.
8
Williams, T. C., and P. E. Dee. "A citizen's approach to integrated river basin management." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1995): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0593.
Анотація:
This paper describes the success of an ad hoc citizen group in developing an integrated water resource plan for the Santa Fe River in the high desert of New Mexico. Much of the time the Santa Fe River, which runs through the centre of town, is dry because of impoundments for water supply. Water management responsibilities in the area are divided between eight government agencies. Each agency has its own narrowly perceived agenda for managing that aspect for which it is responsible. It was apparent that a holistic approach to water management was sorely needed. An ad hoc citizen committee was formed without government support (either technical or financial), to attempt to bring some rational planning to the use of existing water resources in the growing community.
9
Araújo, Vanessa Gomes de, Gregorio Guirado Faccioli, Raimundo Rodrigues Gomes Filho, Anderson de Almeida Santos, Juan Mariano Camarillo Naranjo, Clayton Moura de Carvalho, and Rodrigo Couto Santos. "use of conflict mediation by the Sergipe River Basin Committee as a tool for implementing decentralised water resource management." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss9.2631.
Анотація:
Parallel to the growing demand for multiple uses of water, conflicts between its users appear, contributing to the increase in the number of cases submitted to the Judiciary. This study aimed at analyzing the existence of mediation as a method of resolving possible conflicts related to water resources in the Sergipe River Basin. The qualitative approach research was developed based on a bibliographic survey, by means of consultations with books, pertinent legislation, articles in scientific and non-scientific journals and, documental, through the analysis of the minutes of the meetings of the Sergipe River Basin Committee, its Internal Regulations and the Climatological Report that analyses the rainfall variability by regions in Sergipe, from 2000 to 2017. The results revealed that despite moving towards recognizing mediation as a method for resolving conflicts, the Committee faced several difficulties in carrying out decentralized management of water resources, especially with regard to the resolution of water disputes. Possible solutions to some of the problems faced by the Committee can be pointed out, such as training its members in water resource management and conflict management, in addition to making them aware of participating frequently in Committee meetings and also stimulating the participation of the population in these meetings.
10
Indrajaya, Indrajaya. "Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Lelang Lebak, Lebung dan Sungai di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir." Wajah Hukum 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v6i1.909.
Анотація:
For a long time, people in several sub-districts of Ogan Ilir Regency who live on the banks of the river have used flooded areas or puddles of water around the river due to river overflow to become one of the sources of PAD in the field of fisheries. Utilization is carried out by conducting auctions in lebak, lebung and rivers which are regulated in the Regent's Regulation on the management of fishery resources. In addition to being the legal basis, this regional regulation also aims to protect the environment in the Lebak, Lebung and river areas from damage caused by fishing by the Manager (the winner of the auction). Managers who do not carry out the management of lebak, lebung and rivers according to the rules may be subject to criminal sanctions or fines. This study aims to find out how the dispute resolution of the lebak lebung auction between the parties in practice is carried out. The problem in this study is how the forms of dispute resolution in the Lebak Lebung auction are carried out by the parties in practice. This type of research is normative legal research using a statutory approach. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the settlement of disputes between the management committee and the management of lebak lebung and rivers is in practice mostly resolved by deliberation mediated by the village head or local village head, but if no agreement is found then the settlement is through the courts.
11
Ribeiro, Maria Adriana de Freitas Mágero, Márcia Maria Rios Ribeiro, and Marta Pedro Varanda. "Public participation for bulk water charge: Paraíba River Basin Committee (Brazil) and Alentejo Hydrographic Region Council (Portugal) cases study." RBRH 21, no. 4 (September 29, 2016): 777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.011615167.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT This paper proposes to assess the knowledge and dynamics of Committees/Councils in the discussions and deliberations on the raw water charges in Brazil and in Portugal. The comparison is limited to the evaluation of a Committee and Council and not necessarily reflect the operation of other CBHs, in Brazil, or Councils, in Portugal. It was analyzed the minutes of the meetings of the Paraíba River Basin Committee (CBH-PB) and the Alentejo River Basin Council Region (CRH-Alentejo) as well as interviews with members of the two collective bodies. For the Brazilian case, it appears that CBH-PB members discussed and deliberated on the values and mechanisms for raw water charges. In Portugal, the definition of values and the way of application of the raw water charge (TRH) was held at the central level, without the CRH-Alentejo having the opportunity to argue, not fulfilling its role as a consultative body water management. Water Resources Policies have to gain strength by promoting public participation through discussion formats and being able to engage key stakeholders as well as creating conditions for the development of cooperative relations.
12
Marques da Silva Júnior, Orleno, Marcus André Fuckner, Maxwell Moreira Baia, Cleane Socorro da Silva, and Leonardo Souza dos Santos. "Comitê da bacia Hidrográfica do rio Araguari como instrumento de gestão dos Recursos Hídricos no Estado do Amapá." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.5.p2771-2789.
Анотація:
Um importante instrumento de gestão da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos são os comitês de bacias hidrográficas. O primeiro comitê criado no Estado do Amapá foi o do rio Araguari, decorrente de diversas demandas da sociedade, denúncias de mal uso, e principalmente para viabilizar a operação de empreendimentos hidrelétricos, mineração, agropecuária, dentre outros. O objetivo desse artigo é mostrar a importância da efetiva instalação e funcionamento do comitê de bacia para a gestão dos recursos hídricos no estado do Amapá. A estratégia metodológica abrangeu o entendimento sobre gestão dos recursos hídricos no estado do Amapá, sendo um pré-requisito que permitiu entender o papel fundamental da bacia para elaboração das políticas para gestão de recursos hídricos. Com os resultados, conclui-se que em face às mudanças na configuração econômica do Amapá, como a mineração, agropecuária, silvicultura, cultura de soja e produção de energia, há um aumento no impacto associado ao uso da água no rio Araguari. Neste sentido, o comitê tem um papel relevante no âmbito da gestão compartilhada do recurso hídrico para reduzir o desequilíbrio ecológico, por meio da tomada de decisão para mitigar impactos e preveni-los, como objetivo de assegurar a disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos para as futuras gerações. Para o efetivo funcionamento do comitê, é necessário o apoio de órgãos municipais, estaduais e federais, visando à manutenção de seu estoque hídrico, preservação dos recursos e continuidade do desenvolvimento econômico de forma sustentável.Palavras-chave: Recurso Hídrico, gestão compartilhada, sustentável. Araguari River Hydrographic Basin Committee as an Instrument for the Management of Water Resources in the State of Amapá A B S T R A C T An important management tool for the National Water Resources Policy is the hydrographic basin committees. The first committee created in the State of Amapá was that of the Araguari River, due to various demands from society, complaints of misuse, and mainly to enable an operation of hydroelectric, mining, agricultural and livestock enterprises, among others. The purpose of this article is to show the importance of the installation and operation of the administration committee for the management of water resources in the state of Amapá. The methodological strategy encompasses the understanding of the management of water resources in the state of Amapá, being a prerequisite that needs the meaning of the fundamental role of the basin for the preparation of policies for the management of water resources. With the results, it is concluded that in the face of changes in the economic configuration of Amapá, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, soy culture and energy production, there is an increase in the impact associated with the use of water in the Araguari River. In this sense, the committee has a relevant role in the context of shared management of water resources to reduce ecological imbalances, through decision-making to mitigate and prevent impacts, in order to ensure the availability of water resources for future generations. For the effective and functioning of the committee, it is necessary the support of municipal, state and federal agencies, if not the maintenance of its water stock, preservation of resources and development of economic development in a sustainable way. Keywords: Water resource, shared, sustainable management.
13
Gobbi, Wanderléia A. de Oliveira, João Cleps Junior, and Vera Lúcia Salazar Pessôa. "O PROCESSO DE GESTÃO DAS ÁGUAS E A QUESTÃO AMBIENTAL NA BACIA DO RIO ARAGUARI." Caminhos de Geografia 4, no. 10 (September 3, 2003): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rcg41015318.
Анотація:
The environmental complications caused by the Green Revolution have been a problem after 1980's. Since then, Sustainable Development has been a point of
discussion in many meetings about environmental problems. Among natural resources, water became an important element to be analyzed. Taken out of this context, the Basin of Araguari River in Minas Gerais State is the object of this study.
Key words: Araguari River, Hydrographic Basin Committee, Water Management.
14
Lamberg, Anders, and Albert Kjartan Dagbjartarson Imsland. "Using Merged Pre-Fishery Abundance as a Parameter Evaluating the Status of Atlantic Salmon and Anadromous Brown Trout Populations: A Norwegian Case Study." Fishes 7, no. 5 (September 28, 2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050264.
Анотація:
Methods used to monitor variation in population sizes in both Atlantic salmon and anadromous brown trout (sea trout) have been widely used in Norway the last 20 years. However, a national management regime, based on population data, has only been established for one of the two species, the Atlantic salmon. One prerequisite for using this “one species” model is that there is negligible interspecific competition between salmon and trout in the rivers. This may, however, be an oversimplification of the real situation. The pre-fishery abundance (PFA), monitored with combination of underwater video systems, snorkelling counts, and catch statistics will, in most rivers, include both salmon and Sea Trout. In the present study, we estimated a total PFA for rivers, or groups of rivers, in eight regions in Norway in 2019. The total size of each river system was measured by abiotic factors such as river area, river length, annual mean water flow, and size of precipitation field; additionally, one biotic factor, smolt age, was used to standardise PFA data across regions. A comparison shows that the standardised total PFA of salmon and trout varies across regions where the highest estimated PFA was four times higher than the lowest. Compared to the traditional one-species approach, the merged PFA data show a different population status in the eight regions. The difference in the two approaches was mainly linked to the variation in size in anadromous brown trout populations. Merging data from salmon and trout populations in defined regions may be a better input in a management model than the current model used by the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Salmon Management (VRL).
15
SURYA DEWI, NI MADE NIA BUNGA. "KAJIAN BERBAGAI TIPE PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH SUNGAI DI ASIA SEBAGAI ACUAN DALAM PENENTUAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR." GANEC SWARA 13, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.35327/gara.v13i2.101.
Анотація:
The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is significant to do in order to obtain water supply availability including inter-sector perspective, diverse of water future needs, and its present availability and orientation towards the 'triple bottom line', such as social, economi,c and environment. In the past decade, most countries in Asia have already adopted national water policies that advocate IWRM in river basins. However, IWRM implementation is still at an early stage. IWRM at the basin level is best provided by a River Basin Organization (RBO) by facilitating and/ or implementing various development processes and management. Across Asia, a variety of small and large RBOs are now helping governments and stakeholders to implement IWRM in river basins. Some RBOs operate within the structures of regular government departments. In other cases, however, a corporate or quasi-corporate model has been selected, to provide RBOs with greater autonomy in their management, capacity development, and revenue generation. The research attempts to study distinction between three types of RBO: council/committee, public/ government, and corporation. Thus, it can determine the most appropriate type of river management applied in river basin
16
Chibilеv, A. A., and P. V. Velmovskiy. "Development of a matrix of landscape restoration measures in the basin of the transboundary Ural River." South of Russia: ecology, development 17, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-197-205.
Анотація:
Aim. The goal is to consider landscape aspects of nature management optimisation in the transboundary basin of the Ural River which have not been taken into account until the present time through measures being developed to improve the ecological state of the basin and its main river.Materials and Methods. The long‐term data of the hydrological regime of the rivers of the basin are analysed. The article summarizes the experience of optimizing water management relations in the river basin and the main results of the activities of the Inter‐Republican Committee on the Ural River basin (1977–1994).Results. Cycles of low‐water and high‐water years in the 20th–beginning of the 21st century are revealed. A list of priority landscape restoration measures has been developed and their ordination according to natural zones and types of localities has been carried out.Conclusions. It is confirmed that the highest and most effective form of territorial protection of landscape and biological diversity are natural reserves – special natural protected areas forming a landscape‐ecological framework. A number of ecological‐stabilising protected natural territories are proposed including the Ural‐Caspian Protected Fisheries Zone, which is aimed at partial restoration of the sturgeon population of the Ural‐Caspian basin adapted to the changed hydrological regime.
17
Pariyar, Raj Kumar. "Community Based Disaster Risk Management: A Case Study of Mahakali River Basin, Kanchanpur." Geographic Base 6 (October 27, 2019): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tgb.v6i0.26169.
Анотація:
Kanchanpur district is one of the disaster-prone districts identified by Nepal Risk Reduction Consortium (NRRC). Every year the community of Kanchanpur district are affected by multi-disaster primarily flood. The most communities are highly vulnerable due to the poverty, disadvantage caste and ethnicity, hazard, education etc. This study endeavour to explore the status of community initiative to build up disaster resilient. This study covers 10 villages of Mahakali river basin in Kanchanpur district. The villages are under the process of disaster resilience through establishing Community Disaster Management Committee (CDMC), who supports to get access to disaster risk reduction (DRR) information, vulnerability and capacity assessment and developing trained man power for preparedness and response.
18
Qin, Chang Bo, Yang Wen Jia, Hans T.A Bressers, Hao Wang, and Z. Su. "Towards Better Water Governance through Implementing IWRM in the Li River Basin, China." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.578.
Анотація:
Environmental degradation and unsustainable use of water resources has become an obstacle to further economic development and the well-being of the population in the Li River basin. This paper explores the concept and principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in relation to their applicability to the Li River basin. The assessment on its physical and socioeconomic characteristics and its current institutional systems in the Li River Basin provides an appreciation of the whole river basin. Sectoral fragmentation and the absence of coordination mechanism (or body) are identified as the institutional factors in this study that caused water related issues. In order to overcome shortfalls of the current fragmented management system, formation of Watershed Management Committee is highly recommended as the core of reforming efforts, which is expected to coordinate effective planning and implementation of equitable, efficient and sustainable use of natural resources in the basin with a view to improving the sustainability of its economic development. Several other reform recommendations are also provided and expected to be a departure point towards better water governance in the Li River basin through the implementation of IWRM. Lastly we explore to what extent the proposed recommendations would be supported by the current national policy framework.
19
Cruz, Rafael Cabral, and Vagner Neves de Godoy. "AUTOGESTÃO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS – ESTUDO DE CASO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO SANTA MARIA-RS." Ciência e Natura 38, no. 2 (May 31, 2016): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x21911.
Анотація:
The basin of the river Santa Maria, located on the southwest border of RS and has an area of 15,740 km². Irrigated agriculture is the activity that has the highest water demand in the basin. The aim of this article is to evaluate the decision- making process on the conflict of public supply and supply in rice growing crops in the River Basin Santa Maria and evaluate the role of negotiation of conflicts generated in water scarcity . It is proposed also to analyze the discussions and effective actions of the Committee in relation to local agreements and self-management.
20
Ngowi, Norbert J., Elizabeth L. Genda, and Adelaide E. Sallema. "The role of youth in water source management in Tanzania: experience of villages in the Great Ruaha River, Iringa District." Afrika Focus 31, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101009.
Анотація:
Youth refers to the young active human resources which in 2012 constituted about 34.7% of the total population of Tanzania. However, there is a paucity of information on the role of youth in the management of water resources in the majority of the rural areas. This paper draws on the experience of the conceptual framework for water governance at the local level. The study examines the role of youth in water source management as it draws on strategies for water management in Kihanga and Migoli Villages located adjacent the Great Ruaha River of Iringa District. The Great Ruaha River covers 47% of the largest Rufiji Basin in Tanzania. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 161 youths within the surveyed households. In-depth interviews with 5 key informants and focus group(s) of 50 participants were used to supplement data that could not be obtained through surveys. The results show that 59.6% of respondents were not involved in the Water Committee activities. Patrolling the sources and fetching water at night are among the major strategies used in the management of water sources and supply at least in the short term. These findings together with methods used could be replicated in other areas as they provide opportunities for the study of water governance at the local level. The study recommends the integration of young people into water committees and the establishment of water pumping stations at a suitable distance from Mtera dam to reduce degradation.
21
Alves da Silva Rosa, Larissa, Manuela Morais, and Carlos Saito. "Water Security and River Basin Revitalization of the São Francisco River Basin: A Symbiotic Relationship." Water 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070907.
Анотація:
What is river basin revitalization’s place in relation to water security? This question is the basis of our reflection, posed to help in the understanding of the evolution of both concepts, taking management of the São Francisco River Basin (Brazil) as a case study. With this main objective in mind, a literature review was carried out, followed by the collection of survey data on the watershed’s revitalization program. In this context, the members of the São Francisco River Basin Committee (a total of 124 participants) were consulted, using questionnaires with the Delphi method. The respondents (a total of 47) chose the river basin revitalization strategy as the main measure to achieving water security in the São Francisco River Basin. They also highlighted the importance of the environmental dimension, underlining measures for conservation and restoration of the ecosystem’s natural functions. The concept map tool was adopted for a comparative perspective between conceptual implications of revitalization and water security for the studied river basin’s conservation. The results showed the existence of a symbiotic relationship between both concepts. Consequently, we conclude that it is urgent to reconcile water use and ecosystem ecological integrity through the comprehensive concept of water security.
22
Kumar Mishra, Anjay, and Kailash Kumar Moktan. "IDENTIFICATION OF CONSTRAINTS IN PROJECT SCHEDULE MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i2.2019.990.
Анотація:
Theory of Constraints (TOC) is new concept of project management. Every project has some constraints. This study explores the constraints to improve the project performance dealing with time constraint with a case of Sankosh-Tipling Road project and Bhimdhunga-Lamidanda Road Project of Dhading District.
Questionnaire survey, Project report analysis, Key informant interview and case studies were the methods used for the data collection and content analysis, S-Curve and interim payment assessment were done to process the data.
The major constraint among several other constraints in Bhimdhunga-Lamidanda Road project, legal constraint which is restriction of District Coordination Committee (DCC) to collect gravel and boulders from river and quarry sites was found as major constraint in the project. Constraint has affected with time extension for total 309 days with progress of only 34.76% till 13 june, 2017. Thus, this study has assumed that project could be completed within previously proposed deadline if different counter measures which have been suggested with consideration of TOC.
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Yang, Ning. "Research on Legislative Issues Related to The Reform of Homestead Management System in Ningxia." International Journal of Education and Humanities 5, no. 3 (November 16, 2022): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v5i3.2800.
Анотація:
According to the Proposal of the CPC Central Committee on formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Goal of 2035, it is necessary to “explore the realization form of the separation of homestead ownership, qualification right and use right. We will guarantee the right of settled farmers to contract land, use homestead land and distribute collective income, and encourage voluntary transfer with compensation in accordance with the law.” Deepening the rural homestead system reform is a beneficial exploration. Revitalizing and utilizing idle rural homestead and rural housing plays a positive role in activating rural land resources and promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas. The fourth Promotion Meeting of the Party Committee and the Government of the Autonomous Region to build the Pilot Zone for Ecological Protection and High-quality Development in the Yellow River Basin specially made arrangements for the reform of the “four rights”, emphasizing that the reform of land rights is conducive to revitalizing land resource elements, activating land market value, and improving the level of economical and intensive use of land.
24
Mustafayev, Zh, A. Kozykeyeva, and S. Dauletbay. "COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF INDIRECT EFFECTS OF HUMAN ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES ON THE WATER CATCHMENT OF THE SHU RIVER BASIN." Hydrometeorology and ecology 104, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54668/2789-6323-2022-104-1-50-64.
Анотація:
Based on the analysis of long-term information and analytical materials, the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Statistical Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the economic use of the catchment area of the transboundary Shu River Basin conducted an assessment of the indirect anthropogenic load based on indicators of areal and linear-network impacts (demographic, agricultural and industrial) in the context of water management areas and administrative regions.
25
Blume, KK, JC Macedo, A. Meneguzzi, LB Silva, DM Quevedo, and MAS Rodrigues. "Water quality assessment of the Sinos River, Southern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 4 suppl (December 2010): 1185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000600008.
Анотація:
The Sinos River basin is located Northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (29º 20' to 30º 10' S and 50º 15' to 51º20'W), Southern Brazil, covering two geomorphologic provinces: the Southern plateau and central depression. It is part of the Guaíba basin and has an area of approximately 800 km², encompassing 32 municipalities. The objective of this study was to monitor water quality in the Sinos River, the largest river in this basin. Water samples were collected at four selected sites in the Sinos River, and the following parameters were analysed: pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), turbidity, fecal coliforms, total dissolved solids, temperature, nitrate, nitrite, phosphorous, chromium, lead, aluminum, zinc, iron, and copper. The results were analysed based on Resolution No. 357/2005 of the Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA) regarding regulatory limits for residues in water. A second analysis was performed based on a water quality index (WQI) used by the Sinos River Basin Management Committee (COMITESINOS). Poor water quality in the Sinos River presents a worrying scenario for the region, since this river is the main source of water supply for the urban core. Health conditions found in the Sinos River, mainly in its lower reaches, are worrying and a strong indicator of human activities on the basin.
26
Rimoldi, Pietro, Jonathan Shamrock, Jacek Kawalec, and Nathalie Touze. "Sustainable Use of Geosynthetics in Dykes." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084445.
Анотація:
Dykes, or levees, are structures designed and constructed to keep the water in a river within certain bounds in the event of a flood. In relation with climate change, more frequent floods, of higher intensity, can be expected due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The objective of this review paper is to address the many ways in which geosynthetics contribute to sustainable construction of dykes and thus to water systems management. This review paper, prepared by the four Technical Committees and the Sustainability Committee of the International Geosynthetics Society, briefly describes geosynthetics and their function, dykes and dyke failure modes, before presenting the main focus of the use of geosynthetics for the design and construction of durable dykes to ensure the protection of life and infrastructure. The optimization of dyke construction with geosynthetics to increase their resilience not only results in performance advantages, but also in economic advantages. The way geosynthetics can contribute to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions for a sustainable river management is discussed. This is done not only by allowing more economic construction methods to be implemented, but also solutions with increased resilience to face the extreme stresses related to climate change, while at the same time bringing about a positive contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during the construction process itself. Finally, it is shown that by following state of the art standards and design practice any possible risk associated with the use of geosynthetics in dykes can be mitigated.
27
Mustafayev, Zh S., and L. N. Ryskulbekova. "FUNDAMENTALS OF WATER USE IN THE CATCHMENT AREAS OF THE ILI RIVER BASIN." REPORTS 5, no. 333 (October 15, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.118.
Анотація:
Based on the long-term information and analytical materials «Balkhash-Alakol Basin Inspectorate for Regulation of Use and Protection of Water Resources» of the Committee for Water Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the environmental indicator of specific water availability, which availability high water availability, ensuring sustainable development of economic sectors, but not ensuring the natural and environmental sustainability and safety of functioning of Lake Balkhash, as a geographic water body. The location in the arid and semi-arid zones, as well as the features of the formation of hydrological flow in the catchment areas of the Ili River basin, which determines the environment-forming system with socio-economic conditions and natural and technogenic objects that determine the level of water supply for water management sites, require the need for coordination of water management in order to prevent possible negative changes in watercourses and reservoirs that perform important environmental functions in the Ili-Balkhash basin, that is, to ensure natural and environmental sustainability and safe functioning of Lake Balkhash as a geographic water body.
28
Covey, Nicole. "‘Canada’s Northwest Passage and the Potential for Co-Management'." Journal of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand Studies 2 (September 21, 2022): 40–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52230/zqcq4120.
Анотація:
The legal status of the Northwest Passage remains contested and as the rate of polar maritime traffic continues to increase, the status quo of 'agreeing to disagree' becomes more tenuous. Canada asserts that the passage is historic internal waters while the United States understands the passage to be an international strait. This article follows the 'sovereignty to the side' thesis and argues that a way Canada can assert its sovereignty and control over the disputed Passage through the creation of a co-management council that would highlight Indigenous knowledge and participation, drawing inspiration from Aotearoa New Zealand’s Whanganui River Council. The proposed Canadian Northwest Passage Maritime Council would have three different bodies (Observatory Body, Advisory Core, and Decision-Making Committee) working together with various levels of authority to help make decisions regarding the management of the Northwest Passage. The proposed Council would not only help to legitimize the Canadian position in the international arena but also demonstrate its commitment to highlighting northern Indigenous voices in Arctic governance and make the Canadian position more favourable.
29
Baral, Toya Nath. "Border Disputes and Its Impact on Bilateral Relation: A Case of Nepal- India International Border Management." Journal of APF Command and Staff College 1, no. 1 (December 14, 2018): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/japfcsc.v1i1.26710.
Анотація:
This paper examines the historical events of Nepal-India international boundary. How the delineation and demarcation of international boundary was carried out, is strategically explained. Border water issues are raised. Encroachments and disputes due to river boundary are also discussed. Disputes on both Physical and artificial boundary and their impacts on bilateral relation is analyzed. Both positive and negative impact of an open border system between Nepal and India is discussed. Border problems are identified clearly. Initiatives taken how to resolve the border management issues are categorically presented. Strip mapping of boundary area was carried out using GPS and GIS technology and the maps of whole Nepal-India boundary, except Kalapani and Susta, are prepared jointly and signed by the joint technical committee assigned by the respective government.
30
Harder, Scott V., Joseph A. Gellici, Andrew Wachob, and Charles A. Pellett. "Overview of the South Carolina State and River Basin Planning Framework." Journal of South Carolina Water Resources, no. 6 (January 1, 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/jscwr.06.06.
Анотація:
Economic development, environmental protection, and public health are critical quality-of-life issues that depend on a reliable supply of water. Increased water demand and climate variability (drought) are two major factors that have the potential to limit future water availability in the state of South Carolina. The development of a comprehensive water-resources management plan for the state is vital for ensuring that an adequate and reliable supply of water will be available to sustain all future uses. The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) is tasked legislatively with developing water planning and policy initiatives in the state and has initiated a long-term process to update the state water plan, last published in 2004. One of the major recommendations in the 2004 plan was to form River Basin Councils (RBCs) in each of the major river basins in the state for the purpose of water planning. In 2014, SCDNR initiated a multiyear process to develop regional water plans that will serve as the foundation for a new state water plan. A central component of the process was the creation of a Planning Process Advisory Committee (PPAC) for the purpose of developing formal guidelines on the formation of RBCs and the development of river basin plans for the eight designated river basins in the state. The PPAC is composed of a diverse group of stakeholders and includes representation from water utilities, energy utilities, trade organizations, academia, conservation groups, agriculture, and the general public. The work of the PPAC culminated in a report, the South Carolina State Water Planning Framework, which was published in October of 2019. The river basin plans will identify current and future water availability issues and describe a management plan to address these issues to ensure that an adequate and reliable supply of water will be available for future generations. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of the state’s river basin planning process.
31
Madruga, Lúcia Rejane da Rosa Gama, and Tânia Nunes da Silva. "Aprendizagem Social, Motivação e Comprometimento em um Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica10.5773/rgsa.v3i3.174." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 3, no. 3 (December 9, 2009): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v3i3.174.
Анотація:
Este artigo procurou identificar as características do processo de aprendizagem social, da motivação e do comprometimento dos integrantes de um Comitê de Gerenciamento de Bacia. A estratégia metodológica foi um estudo de caso em profundidade, que se desenvolveu no Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. A pesquisa incluiu um levantamento com 36 integrantes, dentre outras fontes de investigação. O processo de análise incluiu triangulação de dados e de métodos. Os resultados sugerem que a aprendizagem nesse ambiente ocorre, principalmente, pela troca de conhecimentos e de experiências, proporcionada pela participação e pelas interações significativas que acontecem entre os integrantes nas reuniões e nos grupos de trabalho, onde se manifesta a experiência social coletiva. Os fatores motivacionais dos indivíduos estão relacionados a questões de natureza social e coletiva e às questões locais, cuja solução precisa ser encontrada no presente. Os integrantes se reconhecem como pessoas com elevada motivação e comprometimento afetivo com o Comitê.
Palavras-chave: aprendizagem social, motivação, comprometimento e comitê de bacia hidrográfica.
Abstract
This article sought to identify the procedural characteristics of social learning, of motivation and behavior of members of a Basin Management Committee. The methodological strategy included an in-depth case study, developed in the Santa Maria River Hydrographic Basin Management Committee, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The research included a study with 36 members, along with other investigative sources. The analysis process employed the triangulation of data and methods. Results suggest that learning in this environment occurs mainly through the exchange of knowledge and experiences, provided through participation and through significant interactions that take place between members in meetings and work groups, through which collective social experience takes form. The motivational factors of the individuals are related to issues of a social and collective nature along with local issues, whose solutions need to be found in the present. Members see themselves as people with elevated motivation and effective commitment to the Committee.
Keywords: social learning, motivation, behavior and hydrographic basin committee.
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Gâștescu, Petre. "The Danube River and its mouths area and coast line (delta) in documents and maps from the ancient times to the present." Risks and Catastrophes Journal 29, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rcj2021_11.
Анотація:
The Danube River and its mouths area and coast line (delta) in documents and maps from the ancient times to the present. The Danube mouth as reported in documents and maps from the Antiquity to date.This mouth of the Danube and its Delta in particular, where a topic interest for many classical scholars (Herodotus, Erathostenes, Polybus, Ptolemey, Strabo etc) and recent scientific researchers who focused their attention on the number of Danube arms and the evolution of the Delta realm from the moment of its formation to the present configuration. The second half of the 19th century witnessed the publication of Sir Ch. Hartley’s map under the aegis of the Danube European Commission. The map was intended to help the selection of and correction works to one the arms in order to facilitate maritime navigation on it. Several other maps were printed in the 20th century by I.Vidraşcu, 1909-1911, the State Water Committee, 1964 and the Institute of Geography, 1983. In addition a series of topographical maps of Romania territory have also been produced. This sector was created as a result of accumulation processes, the north-south coastal marine currents, moving the river alluvia blocked the river mouth forming the Danube Delta and Halmyris lagoon, the whole becoming Razim Sinoie Lake Complex. This marine shore sector, due to the contribution of river alluvia, is characterized generally by the advance in the marine space, but the current conditions (reducing the volume of sediments from the Danube, marine minitransgression and anthropogenic interventions (by the dams raised at the mouth of the Sulina branch and Cape Midia) generate shoreline retreat in some areas. To identify portions of advancement and retreat, and setting the corresponding annual rates, existing topographic map series for a period of over 150 years, hydrographic measurements for 30 years and series of satellite images starting from 1975 were used.
33
Sánchez-Román, Rodrigo Máximo, Marcos Vinicius Folegatti, Alba María Guadalupe Orellana González, and Rogério Teixeira da Silva. "Dynamic systems approach assess and manage water resources in river basins." Scientia Agricola 66, no. 4 (August 2009): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162009000400001.
Анотація:
The Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí River Basins (RB-PCJ) are located in the States of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil. By 2005, 5.8% of Brazil's General National Product-GNP was produced there. Such economic development has created a huge demand for water resources. The availability of water resources was assessed by running a dynamic systems simulation model to manage these resources in the RB-PCJ (WRM-PCJ), considering five 50-year simulations. WRM-PCJ was developed as a tool to aid the RB-PCJ Watershed Committee. The model computes water supply, demands, and contamination load from several consumers. When considering a Business-as-Usual scenario, by 2054, water demands will have increased up to 76%, 39% of the available water will come from wastewater reuse, and the contamination load will have increased by 91%. The Falkenmark Index started at 1403 m³ person-1 year-1 in 2004, ending at 734 m³ P-1 yr-1 in 2054; the Xu Sustainability Index started at 0.44 and ended at 0.20; and Keller's River Basin Development Phases started as Phase II, and ended at final Phase III, of Augmentation. The three criteria used to evaluate water resources showed that RB-PCJ is at a crucial management turning point. The WRM-PCJ performed well, and proved to be an excellent tool to assess water resources availability.
34
Son, Hoang Thanh, and Truong Van Anh. "Determination of drainage corridor in the downstream Vu Gia - Han river, Da Nang city." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13546.
Анотація:
Flood is one of the most well-known phenomena in the Central Vietnam where Da Nang city is located. As the most area in the central coastal part, this city frequently suffers to flood without any prevented structure like sea dike or river levee. The only thing that can help to the response for flood is emergency plans. Therefore, flooding still causes great damages to the economic development and social stability in this region. For ensuring the sustainable development of Da Nang city under the impacts of climate change and sea level rising, it requests a change in direction of the solution, from the flood control to the adaptation and living with floods through spatial planning to make a good condition for optimal drainage corridors. This paper suggests a design flood drainage corridors for Da Nang city that was developed by combining of mathematical model, GIS, hydro-meteorological documents of Vu Gia - Thu Bon basin from 2009 to present. These proposal solutions include (i) widening of the riverbed and providing a river corridor protection along both river banks; (ii) creating of drainage channels for the land between the rivers and (iii) creating of space for floodwater in an appropriate time. The result was so good and it helps to reduce the flood in Da Nang from 5% to 10%. Therefore this would be a scientific basis for identifying the flood drainage corridors of other river basins in the central coastal region without typical dike cover.ReferencesBruun et al., 2013 On the Frontiers of Climate and Environmental Change: Vulnerabilities and Adaptation in Central Vietnam, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.CCFSC (Central Committee for Flood and Storm Control), 2005. “National Report on Disasters in Vietnam.”, the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, January 18–22, Kobe-Hyogo, Japan.Da Nang Statistical Office, 2016. Statistical Yearbook, Statistical publishing house, Hanoi.Da Nang University of Science and Technology, 2014. Project of Da Nang Hydrology and Urban Development Simulation Model supported by Rockefeller, Stored report of the Climate Change Coordination Office, Da Nang.Da Nang City Steering Board for Storm and Flood Prevention and Search and Rescue, Resume of the Flood Prevention and Search and Rescue works from 2000 to 2016, Stored report of the Office of People’s Committee of Da Nang city.Dang Thi Kim Nhung, 2016. Review of flood prevention planning in the central provinces from Quang Binh to Binh Thuan. Proceedings of the 55th anniversary of InstituteofWater Resources Planning, Hanoi.Decision No. 2357/QD-TTG dated 04 December 2013 approving the adjustment of general planning of Da Nang city by 2030 with a vision toward 2050.Decree No. 43/2015/ND-CP dated on 6 May 2015. Hanoi establishment and management of water source protection corridors.DHI Dan Mach, 2011. MIKE 11(RR+HD) - A Modelling system for rivers and channels, User guide.DHI Dan Mach, 2011. MIKE 21- Flow Model FM, User guide.Dinh Phung Bao, 2013. The study using GIS for flood prevention mapping system in Vu Gia-Thu Bon river basin, Stored report of the Mid-Central regional hydrometeorological center, Da Nang.FEMA, 1995. Managing Floodplain Development in Approximate Zone A Areas - A Guide for Obtaining and Developing Base Flood (100-year) Flood Elevations - FEMA 265.Floodway: https://www.fema.gov/floodplain-management/floodway#0.Hoang Ngoc Tuan, 2016. Comprehensive assessment of resistance of surface water resource to the climate change of the city, Stored report of Climate Change Coordination Office, Da Nang.Hoang Thai Binh, 2017. Determination of flood drainage corridor in the downstream area of Vu Gia - Thu Bon river (in Da Nang city) when the hydropower system in the upper in operation in the context of climate change. Final report of project’s code VAST-NĐP.12/15-16, Hanoi.JICA, 2009. Report Project for Building Disaster Resilient Societies in Central Regions of Vietnam.LUCCI, 2015. Study on the land use and climate change interactions in Central Vietnam, http://www.lucci-vietnam.info/vn/.Ministry of natural resources and environment, 2016. Climate change, sea level rise scenarios for Vietnam.NRWA Waterways Section And BG&E Pty LTD, 2006. Floodway Design Guide, Government of Western Australia.Nguyen Kim Loi, 2016. The support system for Flood warning (case study in Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin, Quang Nam province), Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi.SRV (Socialist Republic of Vietnam), 2007. National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention, Response and Mitigation to 2020. November 16. Hanoi, VietnamTran Tuan, Bui Dung, 2012. The.Natural Disasters in Vietnam A SYNTHESIS FROM A SOCIOECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE, 179-198.Vu Thi Thu Lan, 2011. Field survey and hydraulic modeling of Thu Bon river basin, Quang Nam province, Stored report of Steering Board for Storm and Flood Prevention of Quang Nam.Vu Thi Thu Lan, 2013. Flood prevention mapping of Vu Gia-Thu Bon river and Thach Han-Ben Hai river in scale 1/10.000. Stored report of Office for Water Resources Projects, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Hanoi.Vu Thi Thu Lan, 2013. The study of natural disasters variation (floods and droughts) in Quang Nam in the context of climate change, J. Sci. of the Earth, Hanoi, 35(1), 66-74.World Bank, 2012. Fiscal Impact of Natural Disasters in Vietnam, http://www.worldbank.org/fpd/drfip.
35
Rankoana, Sejabaledi Agnes. "Climate change impacts on water resources in a rural community in Limpopo province, South Africa: a community-based adaptation to water insecurity." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 5 (August 28, 2020): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-04-2020-0033.
Анотація:
Purpose The study explored the impacts of climate change on water resources, and the community-based adaptation practices adopted to ensure water security in a rural community in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The participatory approach was used to allow community members to share their challenges of water scarcity, and the measures they have developed to cope with inconsistent water supply. Findings The study results show that the community obtains water for household consumption from the reticulation system supplied by Mutale River and the community borehole. These resources are negatively impacted by drought, change in the frequency and distribution of rainfall, and increased temperature patterns. The water levels in the river and borehole have declined, resulting in unsustainable water supply. The community-based adaptation practices facilitated by the water committee include observance of restrictions and regulations on the water resources use. Others involve securing water from neighbouring resources. Originality/value This type of community-based action in response to climate change could be used as part of rural water management strategies under climate change.
36
Melesse, Assefa M., Khabat Khosravi, John P. Tiefenbacher, Salim Heddam, Sungwon Kim, Amir Mosavi, and Binh Thai Pham. "River Water Salinity Prediction Using Hybrid Machine Learning Models." Water 12, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 2951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102951.
Анотація:
Electrical conductivity (EC), one of the most widely used indices for water quality assessment, has been applied to predict the salinity of the Babol-Rood River, the greatest source of irrigation water in northern Iran. This study uses two individual—M5 Prime (M5P) and random forest (RF)—and eight novel hybrid algorithms—bagging-M5P, bagging-RF, random subspace (RS)-M5P, RS-RF, random committee (RC)-M5P, RC-RF, additive regression (AR)-M5P, and AR-RF—to predict EC. Thirty-six years of observations collected by the Mazandaran Regional Water Authority were randomly divided into two sets: 70% from the period 1980 to 2008 was used as model-training data and 30% from 2009 to 2016 was used as testing data to validate the models. Several water quality variables—pH, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, river discharge (Q), and total dissolved solids (TDS)—were modeling inputs. Using EC and the correlation coefficients (CC) of the water quality variables, a set of nine input combinations were established. TDS, the most effective input variable, had the highest EC-CC (r = 0.91), and it was also determined to be the most important input variable among the input combinations. All models were trained and each model’s prediction power was evaluated with the testing data. Several quantitative criteria and visual comparisons were used to evaluate modeling capabilities. Results indicate that, in most cases, hybrid algorithms enhance individual algorithms’ predictive powers. The AR algorithm enhanced both M5P and RF predictions better than bagging, RS, and RC. M5P performed better than RF. Further, AR-M5P outperformed all other algorithms (R2 = 0.995, RMSE = 8.90 μs/cm, MAE = 6.20 μs/cm, NSE = 0.994 and PBIAS = −0.042). The hybridization of machine learning methods has significantly improved model performance to capture maximum salinity values, which is essential in water resource management.
37
Abers, Rebecca, and Margaret Keck. "Comitês de Bacia no Brasil: uma abordagem política no estudo da participação social." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2004): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2004v6n1p55.
Анотація:
Este artigo propõe um marco conceitual para o estudo da gestão de recursos hídricos, no contexto de reforma institucional. Desde o início dos anos 1990, a governança descentralizada e participativa da água vem sendo institucionalizada no Brasil por meio da criação de Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica. Os Comitês incluem governos, usuários de água (privados e públicos) e sociedade civil e têm competência legal para aprovar planos, definir critérios para cobrança da água bruta, alocar recursos gerados pela cobrança, arbitrar conflitos, além de outras atribuições. Nossa pesquisa sugere que a criação de tais fóruns deliberativos nem sempre resulta na democratização do processo decisório ou em aumento de sua eficácia. As chances de sucesso aumentam consideravelmente quando as lideranças confrontam a questão da sustentabilidade política desde o início, reconhecendo a necessidade de se obter colaboração interna e apoio externo para as atividades dos comitês. O artigo conclui que isso ocorre como conseqüência de práticas que levam à construção de redes entre indivíduos e organizações e estimulam o aprendizado. O nível de empreendedorismo político que fomenta tais práticas, mais do que a natureza dos problemas enfrentados nas bacias, ou a disponibilidade de soluções técnicas apropriadas, distingue os comitês mais efetivos dos demais.Palavras-chave: comitês de bacia hidrográfica; redes; aprendizado; água. Abstract: This article presents a conceptual framework for studying water resources management in the context of institutional reform. Since the early 1990s, decentralized, participatory water resources governance has begun to be institutionalized in Brazil through the creation of River Basin Committees. These committees include government, the private sector and civil society, and are legally responsible for approving plans, determining criteria for bulk water charges, allocating proceeds, resolving conflicts and other attributions. Our research suggests that the creation of these deliberative forums does not always result in either more democratic or more effective decision-making. The chances of success are greatly enhanced when leaders confront the problem of political sustainability from the outset, recognizing the need to build internal collaboration and external support for committee activities. We propose that this occurs through practices that lead to the construction of networks of individuals and organizations, and that promote learning. The political entrepreneurship that fosters such practices, even more than the nature of the problem or the availability of appropriate technical solutions, distinguishes the more effective committees from the rest.Keywords: river basin committees; networks; learning; water.
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Ohara, Miho, and Hisaya Sawano. "Current Issues Regarding the Incident Command System in the Philippines." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0238.
Анотація:
The First Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Committee on Disaster Management Meeting established a framework for ASEAN-US cooperation on the Disaster Management Program in 2003, focusing on capability building for the Incident Command System (ICS). The ICS was then adopted as part of the on-scene disaster response system in the Republic of the Philippines as enacted by the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act in 2010. This study investigates the process of adopting the ICS, its current status, and future issues through interview surveys of local and national governments in the Philippines. After adopting and implementing of the ICS as the national disaster response system for the Philippines is investigated, the current status of the ICS at the local government level is surveyed in a flood-prone area of the Pampanga River basin in central Luzon. Results show that the ICS has been adopted on all levels of government – national, regional, provincial, municipal, and barangay, i.e., the country’s smallest administrative division. Each local government level has incorporated the ICS into its contingency plan. Several issues related to future disaster response planning and capacity building are then reviewed.
39
Pariyar, Raj Kumar. "Disaster Vulnerability Assessment in Parshuram Municipality, Dadeldhura, Nepal." Geographic Base 7 (December 31, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tgb.v7i0.34273.
Анотація:
This study explores the disaster vulnerability of adjoining community of Mahakali River, Parshuram municipality, Dadeldhura. A questionnaire was used to collect information on various physical, social, economic, and environmental vulnerability. Key informant interview was conducted with ward chairpersons and community disaster management committee members. Likewise, three focus group discussions were conducted with the purpose of drawing insight on different factors of disaster vulnerability in the community. Moreover, five community disaster risk management plans were reviewed to understand the types of vulnerability of community. It has been found that weak geological structure and week physical infrastructure-house, bridge, buildings are the physical vulnerability. Likewise, lack of awareness on disaster preparedness, non-implementation of building code and traditional practice are the social vulnerability. Similarly, poverty, seasonal migration, lack of irrigation and land, low quality of soil are the economic vulnerability. Heavy rainfall, forest fire, lack of conservation of water source, encroachment of wildlife inhabitants and deforestation are factors to environmental vulnerability of study area. It is found that there are various vulnerability factors that need to be minimized through the capacity enhancement.
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Apjok, Vivien. "Fürdővárosi vágyak." Egyházmegyék – királyság – Szent Korona 33, no. 1 (2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2021.1.6.
Анотація:
The aim of this study is to summarize, based on primary sources, the series of decisions made by the management of the town of Makó between 1950 and 1990, which aimed to declare the settlement a spa town. The spa culture of Makó, as the basis of spa tourism, takes place in two arenas: on the coast of river Maros on the outskirts of the settlement and in the thermal spa in the downtown. The relevant decisions and activities of the period are recorded in writing in the protocols of the Executive Committee of the Council of Makó and the minutes of the Csongrád County Water and Sewerage Company, as well as in the register of the Water Directorate - these reflect the institutional attitude. In addition, the period from the 1950s onwards can already be grasped in the form of recollections which complement, nuance formal arrangements with individual experiences and motivations.
41
Zawahri, Neda A. "Designing river commissions to implement treaties and manage water disputes: the story of the Joint Water Committee and Permanent Indus Commission." Water International 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2008): 464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060802474566.
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Khadka, Udhab Raj, Krishna Prasad Poudel, Shesh Kanta Kafle, Sushan Acharya, Ram Prasad Gotame, Madhav Adhikari, Kapil Khanal, and Krishna Karkee. "Climate-induced Vulnerability Assessment: A Case of Seti River Corridor, Central Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 6 (December 31, 2018): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v6i0.30122.
Анотація:
There are greater consensus among the climate scientists that the global warming and associated climate change has triggered the hazards and increased community vulnerability in the recent years. As river corridors are the active resources and energy flow regimes, the vulnerability concentrated along the river corridors are likely to hamper the regulatory mechanisms of biological, physical and anthropogenic systems. This paper focuses on multi-criteria based vulnerability mapping along the Seti River corridor. For the purpose, different physical and social parameters like altitude, aspect, slope, climatic condition, land-use and land-cover, and population distribution and its demographic characteristics were used. All measurable parameters were assigned with intensity of occurrences of impact factor according to their respective scales. The domination of those impact factors was measured with respect to the total area of Village Development Committee/Municipality scale (the lowest administrative units). The sum of the computed value was classified in five-point scale in relative degree of severity, i.e. very high, high, medium, low and very low. The integration process was based on GIS Environment and all the data were spatially referenced. The results show up-stream region of the corridor is at higher risk, where 5.1% of the total area is under the very high category. The mid-stream area covers 2.2% under very high category, and none of the down-stream area falls within this category. The combination of both physiographic complexities and human activities determines the vulnerability of the landscape. The outcome of the mapping is recommended for adoption during disaster risk reduction and management and climate change adaptation practices at the community level.
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Bowman, Stacey, and Sandy M. Smith. "A management strategy for emerald ash borer in St. Lawrence Islands National Park." Forestry Chronicle 88, no. 02 (April 2012): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2012-028.
Анотація:
This article presents a strategy for managing emerald ash borer (EAB) in the St. Lawrence Islands National Park (SLINP), which is located in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville in eastern Ontario along 100 km of Lake Ontario shoreline and the St. Lawrence River. Background information about EAB and SLINP is followed by an outline of the possible ecological impacts of an EAB infestation on the Park, predictions of where infestations are more likely to occur and how quickly they could spread, whether there will be interactions between EAB-affected stands and invasive vegetation, and whether visitor safety may be compromised. Recommendations to slow the spread of EAB in the Park, prepare for and attempt to mitigate its impacts, contribute to scientific research to better understand it, and conserve ash genetic material include: 1) implement a ban on outside firewood; 2) develop and implement a seed collection program; 3) prioritize invasive vegetation control activities in areas at risk of EAB infestation; 4) establish an EAB detection program for high-traffic areas of the Park; 5) compile a forest resource inventory of the Park and tree inventories of high-traffic areas; 6) conduct branch sampling to determine if EAB is present on Main Duck Island, and if not, consider closing the island to the public; 7) develop and implement a strategic EAB communications plan; and 8) develop a cross-section committee to oversee EAB management.
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Kweka, Eliningaya J., Casmir F. Kitula, Elias E. Mbuti, and David Wanani. "Challenges Facing Leaders in Transforming Small-Scale Irrigation Farming in Usa River Ward, Arumeru District, Northern Tanzania." Crops 2, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops2040034.
Анотація:
The low agricultural productivity of key crops and food insecurity continue to be a problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and Tanzania in particular. The growing population and climate change further increase the food shortage. Irrigation has been strategized to reduce poverty and food insecurity, and improve the livelihoods of communities in African countries, and in particular Tanzania. Transformational leadership for small-scale irrigation is urgently needed to attain the planned agenda for irrigation schemes. This study assessed the challenges of leadership in leading and transforming small-scale irrigation schemes. The questionnaires were distributed to leaders of the agriculture sector in four strata (agriculture extension officer (25), AMCOS leaders (6), agriculture engineers (2), irrigation committee (9)) with a total of 42 leaders as participants. A total of 118 farmers were interviewed from four irrigation canals (Ngollo (32), Ngarasero I (32), Ngarasero II (33), and Abisinia (21)) in the Usa River ward. The study found that the challenges of leaders in leading the transformation of small-scale farming for success were commitment of leaders, market chain, pest control mechanisms, irrigation extension service, planning, technological transformation and adoption, mobilization of farmers and professionals, monitoring and evaluation, knowledge of irrigation, and agro-input supply. This study shows that leaders’ transformation skills can play a great role in poverty reduction in small-scale irrigation in the Usa River ward. Therefore, leaders in the study area should play the role of transformational leadership effectively in managing small-scale irrigation by practicing a participatory approach to farmers problem-solving.
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Casadei, Stefano, Francesco Peppoloni, and Arnaldo Pierleoni. "A New Approach to Calculate the Water Exploitation Index (WEI+)." Water 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 3227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113227.
Анотація:
The Water Exploitation Index (WEI), or withdrawal ratio, is an indicator of water scarcity, which has been updated into its WEI+ form by the Committee of Experts of the European Commission. In calculating the total abstraction of fresh water, this indicator also includes the possible return flow and management rules. The demand for freshwater and long-term freshwater resources are both necessary to calculate the WEI+. These values are not easy to assess at basin or sub-basin level and, for this reason, WEI values are generally calculated at the country level. This paper introduces a new approach to calculate the WEI+, with the purpose of extending its use to basin and sub-basin levels. The methodology is based on flow duration curve estimation, which evaluates freshwater resources, and a Web-GIS system that evaluates water abstractions distribution. This approach allows for the assessment of locally stressed areas in the hydrographic network and could provide a fundamental step toward more comprehensive regional water resources management plans. The new methodology is tested in some sub-basins of the Upper Tiber River Basin (Italy). These results contribute to the analysis of water withdrawals sustainability, based on the policy of the European Environment Agency, which is aimed toward the development of a proactive approach for reducing water stress.
46
Ghosh, B., S. Garg, and M. Motagh. "AUTOMATIC FLOOD DETECTION FROM SENTINEL-1 DATA USING DEEP LEARNING ARCHITECTURES." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-3-2022 (May 17, 2022): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-3-2022-201-2022.
Анотація:
Abstract. Floods are the most frequent, costliest natural disasters having devastating consequences on people, infrastructure, and the ecosystem. During flood events near real-time satellite imagery has proven to be an efficient management tool for disaster management authorities. However one of the challenges is accurate classification and segmentation of flooded water. The generalization ability of binary segmentation using threshold split-based method, is limited due to the effects of backscatter, geographical area, and time of image collection. Recent advancements in deep learning algorithms for image segmentation has demonstrated excellent potential for improving flood detection. However, there have been limited studies in this domain due to the lack of large scale labeled flood event dataset. In this paper, we present two deep learning approaches, first using a UNet and second, using a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN), both based on a backbone of EfficientNet-B7, by leveraging publicly available Sentinel-1 dataset provided jointly by NASA Interagency Implementation and Advanced Concepts Team, and IEEE GRSS Earth Science Informatics Technical Committee. The dataset covers flood events from Nebraska, North Alabama, Bangladesh, Red River North, and Florence. The performances of both networks were evaluated with multiple training, testing, and validation. During testing, the UNet model achieved the meanIOU score of 75.06% and the FPN model achieved the meanIOU score of 75.76%.
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Monteiro dos Santos, Flávio, Marcondes Coelho-Junior, Jéssica Chaves Cardoso, Vanessa Basso, André de Paula Marques, and Eliane Ribeiro da Silva. "Program Outcomes of Payments for Watershed Services in Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How to Evaluate to Improve Decision-Making and the Socio-Environmental Benefits." Water 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092441.
Анотація:
In 2014, the Paraíba do Sul River Basin Integration Committee (CEIVAP) established its Pilot Program of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), focusing on water resources. The projects from this program share the same goal: to disseminate the use of PES as a tool for land management in watersheds. Contemplating 11 municipalities, including 84 landowners, conserving 718.63 ha and restoring 188.58 ha, this program was concluded in April 2020. Reviewing its historical and contextualizing features, we have observed that the outcomes from this program extend beyond these numbers. Here, we propose an evaluation methodology comparing the efficiency, performance, and impact of the PES projects. Based on new indicators that are easy to measure, we have identified key elements that have asymmetrically affected the projects. The complexity of the project scope and the execution of high-cost, and risky interventions on rural properties, have resulted in expensive projects with little tangible outputs. Our results support the upgrade of public policy for investment in ecosystem services by CEIVAP in the Paraíba do Sul watershed. In addition, our results can be more successful by improving the decision-making processes for similar projects in other watersheds.
48
Islam, Nazrul, Aftab Ahmed, Rathin Barman, Sanatan Deka, Bhaskar Choudhury, Prasanta Kumar Saikia, and Jyotishman Deka. "Revival of Eastern Swamp Deer Rucervus duvaucelii ranjitsinhi (Groves, 1982) in Manas National Park of Assam, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 20488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7670.14.1.20488-20493.
Анотація:
A healthy population of the threatened Eastern Swamp Deer Rucervus duvaucelii ranjitsinhi in Manas National Park was almost exterminated due to politico-ethnic disturbances in the late 1980s that culminated with the formation of Bodoland Territorial Council in 2003. The Swamp Deer population in Manas began to revive with augmentation starting in 2014, in keeping with a UNESCO World Heritage Site Committee mandate. The Eastern Swamp Deer population in Kaziranga was threatened by the annual flood of the Brahmaputra River, and to secure the future of this threatened species, 36 deer were relocated in two batches in 2014 and 2017 from Kaziranga to Manas. The population of Manas had grown to an estimated 121 individuals by March 2021. Swamp deer is considered an important prey species for Swamp Deer population top predators, especially tigers, which have also increased in number in Manas over the last decade. Thus the revival of Eastern Swamp Deer has contributed to the rewilding programme of the Manas landscape.
49
Formiga-Johnsson, Rosa Maria, Lori Kumler, and Maria Carmen Lemos. "The politics of bulk water pricing in Brazil: lessons from the Paraíba do Sul basin." Water Policy 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.001.
Анотація:
This article examines the implementation of a bulk water pricing system in the Paraíba do Sul River Basin (PSRB) in southeast Brazil. It argues that four primary factors explain the successful negotiations for water prices in the basin. First, the negotiation process itself was inclusive and open rather than being imposed from the top down. A combination of market factors and state control (in the form of direct involvement of a federal agency) created a necessary balance in setting prices as it simultaneously allowed for powerful industrial sectors to negotiate favorable terms and for state and societal actors to offset the dominance of certain users over the negotiation process. Second, participants successfully demanded that the collected funds be reinvested in the basin rather than absorbed and spent elsewhere by the federal government. Third, a worldwide paradigm shift for water management, including the notions of water as an economic good, decentralization, societal participation and sustainability shaped the actions of key groups within the basin. Fourth, the level of technical capacity in the basin which reached back several decades provided the necessary foundation and support for the process to move forward. Committee members largely agreed on the primary problems facing the basin and on the necessity of implementing a bulk water pricing scheme in order to rectify them.
50
Totti, Maria Eugênia, and Vanda Corrêa Thomé. "GOVERNANÇA NO COMITÊ DE BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO BAIXO PARAÍBA DO SUL E ITABAPOANA: efetividade da lei e importância do tema para a agenda pública." Revista de Políticas Públicas 24, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v24n1p126-136.
Анотація:
O artigo busca apurar e discutir os resultados produzidos pelo Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica do Baixo Paraíba do Sul e Itabapoana (CBH BPSI) relacionados ao ambiente institucional: a efetividade da lei e a importância do tema para a agenda pública. O procedimento metodológico envolveu pesquisa documental em atas, notas técnicas, resoluções, relatórios de gestão, entre outros documentos produzidos pelo CBH e/ou por sua agência de bacia. Os dados primários foram levantados a partir da observação não participante [como técnica preponderante] e entrevista não estruturada [de forma complementar], a fim de demonstrar o aspecto da governança assimilado e o resultado apresentado pelo CBH BPSI nos três biênios estudados - correspondentes ao período de 2011 a 2017. Os dados indicam que o CBH BPSI tem demonstrando ser uma instituição que tende a ser efetiva na governança das águas, ainda que apresente limitações associadas ao desenho do sistema e ao contexto em que essas instituições operam.Palavras-chave: Governança. Águas. Efetividade. Políticas públicas.GOVERNANCE IN HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN COMMITTEE OF THE LOW PARAÍBA DO SUL AND ITABAPOANA: effectiveness of the law and importance of the theme for the public agendaAbstractThis article seeks to investigate and discuss the results produced by the Lower Paraíba do Sul and Itabapoana River Basin Committee (CBH BPSI) in respect to the institutional environment: the effectiveness of the law and the importance of the theme for the public agenda. The methodological procedure involved documentary research, technical notes, resolutions, management reports, among other documents produced by CBH and / or its basin agency. The primary data were collected from non-participant observation [as preponderant technique] and unstructured interview [in a complementary manner] todemonstrate the assimilated governance aspect and the results presented by CBH BPSI in the three biennia studied - corresponding to the period from 2011 to 2017. Data indicate that CBH BPSI has been shown to be an institution that tends to be effective in water governance, even though it has limitations associated with the system design and the context in which these institutions operate.Keywords: Governance. Waters. Effectiveness. Public policies.