Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ritan Prospect"

Abstract Population growth has increased climate impact and it is one of the reasons for the conception of sustainable management. Sustainability management has become an integral part of the business environment and decision-making processes. It is important to mention that construction sectors represent one of the main polluters. This article introduces the path for Costa Rica in the last five years in terms of development and the increasing number of companies with green building certification. Interviewing the professionals with vast experience in the sustainable sector is the tool used to compile the current situation of Costa Rica and the journey through this path as a pioneer in Latin America and the Caribbean. The study explores the situation lived by the companies in Costa Rica to set their projects according to the regulations established by the authorities in the sustainable management field and examines the position of the governmental authorities as a barrier or a facilitator. Therefore, this article aims to contribute to the discussion about the status of sustainability management in Costa Rica in the last five years as the scope of the investigation.

In this article, Luis O. Reyes provides a retrospective of the historic 1974 Aspira Consent Decree between the New York City Board of Education and Aspira of New York, which established bilingual instruction as a legally enforceable federal entitlement for New York City's non-English-speaking Puerto Rican and Latino students. Reyes analyzes the fate of the Aspira Consent Decree over the last thirty years. He discusses the demographic and sociopolitical changes between 1974 and the present, the pedagogical and political struggles associated with the consent decree over the years, the lessons learned, and the emerging trends and prospects for bilingual education in New York City's public school system, which is now under direct mayoral control.

Background:In Latin America, more than 80% of adolescent girls are physically inactive. Inactivity may be reinforced by female stereotypes and objectification in the Latin American sociocultural context.Methods:We examined the influence of objectification on the adoption of an active lifestyle among 192 adolescents (14 and 17 years old) from urban and rural areas in Costa Rica. Analyses of 48 focus-groups sessions were grounded in Objectification Theory.Results:Vigorous exercises were gender-typed as masculine while girls had to maintain an aesthetic appearance at all times. Adolescents described how girls were anxious around the prospect of being shamed and sexually objectified during exercises. This contributed to a decrease in girls’ desire to engage in physical activities. Among males, there is also a budding tolerance of female participation in vigorous sports, as long as girls maintained a feminine stereotype outside their participation.Conclusion:Self-objectification influenced Costa Rican adolescent girls’ decisions to participate in physical activities. Interventions may include: procuring safe environments for physical activity where girls are protected from fear of ridicule and objectification; sensitizing boys about girl objectification and fostering the adoption of a modern positive masculine and female identities to encourage girls’ participation in sports.

Abstract Objectives To examine associations between access to drinking water, beverage intake, and abdominal obesity among adults in Puerto Rico (PR). Methods Cross-sectional data from 856 adults (30–75 y) of the Puerto Rico Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends (PROSPECT) were used. Participants indicated the type of drinking water most used at home and preference factors (e.g., availability, appearance, cost, and taste). Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and water intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Interviewers measured waist circumference; abdominal obesity was defined as >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women. Multivariable linear regression models were used to test the associations between type and preference factors for water and SSBs intake. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association between SSBs and water intake and abdominal obesity. Substitution analysis of water for SSBs was also performed. Results Most participants (61%) reported drinking bottled water, while 27% chose filtered tap water and 11% chose unfiltered tap water. Most participants (82%) did not think their tap water was clean or safe, while 63% disliked its taste. Participants that preferred bottled water to unfiltered tap water had higher water intake (mean ± SE: 7.54 ± 0.17 vs. 6.55 ± 0.41 servings/d). Water intake was lower in participants that reported cost (6.66 ± 0.23 vs. 7.76 ± 0.16 servings/d), appearance (6.67 ± 0.22 vs. 7.80 ± 0.17 servings/d), and availability (6.57 ± 0.20 vs. 8.06 ± 0.18 servings/d) as preference factors, compared to their counterparts. Taste or safety were not associated with water intake. SSBs or water intake were not associated with abdominal obesity. Substituting one serving of water for one serving of SSBs was associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98), with a significant association for substituting soda (OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.93) and no association for substituting juice. Conclusions Most adults in PR disliked their tap water's cleanliness, safety, taste, and appearance. Measures to provide affordable, safe, and appealing drinking water may facilitate its intake, and its use as a substitute for SSBs, notably soda, may prevent abdominal obesity in PR adults. Funding Sources NIH.

The purpose of the study is to justify the use of psycholinguistic techniques for self-improvement mechanisms of human consciousness using the idea of neurogenesis. The research method consisted in the following procedures: 1) a detailed study of the history of the problem of the formation of the targeted use of psycholinguistic techniques that can become a tool for expanding the human Consciousness; 2) the expression of constructive criticism of the materialistic theoretical postulates; 3) the formulation (on the basis of criticism, which was discussed in paragraph 2)) of the tasks and prospects for the formation of a Self-Improving Person's Consciousness based on the use of psycholinguistic techniques. Results. In accordance with the first research procedure, the author analyzed the works of predecessors (P. Brock, N. Doydzha, C. Wernicke, S. Volinski, F. Gall, A. Luria, P. Bach-i-Rita, D. Plaut, R. Wilson, D. Hebba, B. Arrowsmouth Young), which used psycho-linguistic techniques aimed at the expansion of human consciousness. Within the framework of the second research procedure, the results of the experiments of the above-mentioned authors expressed constructive criticism of the materialistic approach to explaining the use of psycholinguistic methods as one of the optimal means of human self-improvement. Based on the implementation of the third procedure, the author drew attention to a number of trends (approaches) in the implementation of psycholinguistic techniques, which have a wide potential in the use of the ideas of neurogenesis. Findings. The author justified the use of psycholinguistic techniques for self-improvement mechanisms of human consciousness using the idea of neurogenesis. In addition to the above, the author has thoroughly studied the history of the problem of forming a targeted use of psycholinguistic techniques that can become a tool for expanding human Consciousness. Constructive criticisms of materialistic and idealistic theoretical tenets are made, and on the basis of criticism, the tasks and perspectives of forming the Consciousness of a self-improving person with the help of psycholinguistic techniques that take into account modern advances in neurogenesis are formulated.

UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION WORKSHOP IN PRIASHIV Ukrajinský jazyk a kultúra v umeleckom a odbornom preklade v stredoeurópskom priestore : Zbornik príspevkov z medzinárodného vedeckého seminára, ktorý sa konal dňa 27.9.2017 na Katedre ukrajinistiky Inštitutu ukrajinistiky a stredoeurópskych štúdií Filozofickej fakulty Prešovskej univerzity / Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove ; ed.: Jarmila Kredátusová. Prešov: Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove, 2018. 216 p. (Opera Translatologica; 6/2018). Ukrainian modern academic traditions in the Western Transcarpathian area of Priashiv (Presov in Slovak) go back to the 19-century intellectual institutions of the Ukrainian Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite. After WW2, the main centre of Ukrainian education was the Pegagogical College which was later transformed into a separate university. This university helps the local Ukrainians maintain and develop their rich traditions of learning and research. It is no surprise that the very university hosted the International academic workshop “The Ukrainian Language and Culture in the Literary and Sci-Tech Translation of Middle European Space” (27 September 2017). The workshop brought together specialists in Ukrainian Studies from Ukraine, Slovakia, Czechia and Poland. One year later the conference volume was finalized and published. The first part of the book contains the historical and bibliographical essays which record the history of Ukrainian-Slovak and Ukrainian-Czech literary translation. Jarmila Kredátusová’s task was to present the outline of Slovak-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-Slovak translation which started progressing rather dynamically only after WW2. She presents its history divided into decades and discusses specific features and some statistical data from each period. In the end, she also describes today’s hardships of this translation in Slovakia (relations with readership, translation criticism, professional qualification) which are similar to ones in Ukraine. The history of Ukrainian-Czech translation is longer and richer. The existing extended papers cover the pre-1989 time rather well, that is why Rita Lyons Kindlerová and Iryna Zabiyaka dedicated their articles to the editions and tendencies of the recent decades. Rita Lyons Kindlerová offers the analysis of translated literature from Ukrainian into Czech and pinpoints the turning moment of the year 2001 when Ukrainian literature started reentering Czech society and have promising prospects among readers. Conversely, Iryna Zabiyaka studies the literary presentation of Czechia in Ukraine and considers the most important translations and main tendencies. She also designs a list of Czech authors whose writings are worth translating into Ukrainian. At the same time, she characterizes the pitfalls of Ukraine’s translation market from the viewpoint of these translations. Since we lack translation bibliographies and insightful translation monographs, the above articles contribute to a larger possible publication in future which will reveal more sociological dimensions of Ukrainian-Slovak and Ukrainian-Czech translation. Papers in the second part focus on literary translation. Liudmyla Siryk outlined similarities in the translation theories of Mykola Zerov and Maksym Rylskyi. Thus, she has proven that Rylskyi’s views were the further progress of Zerov’s ones, and we have to remember it may be a gesture of respect or substitution: Zerov was murdered in 1937, and Rylskyi fulfilled his duty to preserve and develop the fundamental ideas of his friend and colleague. Anna Choma-Suwała explored the facets of literary interpretations and connections between Oleh Olzhych (Kandyba) and Józef Łobodowski. Łobodowski’s translations did not only discover the intellectual poetry by Oleh Olzhych, but they are also a contribution to the Polish-Ukrainian cultural contacts and cooperation. Yuliya Yusyp-Yakymovych addresses to verse translation by investigating the specific features of rendering intonation, rhythm, meter, repetitions, onomatopoeia and aesthetic norms in translation. Adriana Amir’s contribution deals with the Slovak-language translation of Vasyl Shkliar’s historical novel ‘The Black Raven’ (done by Vladimír Čerevka) and tackles the issues of reflecting lexical means for showing the real historical context which border on the shaky axiological limits of political correctness. The main aesthetic form of contemporary writing is the usage of non-standard language which is abundant in modern Ukrainian literature. That is why Veronika Dadajová regarded incorrect figures of the literary sociolect as a topical point of literary translation nowadays. Meanwhile, Viera Žemberová interprets Yuriy Andrukhovych’s literary and aesthetic experience for Slovak readers by analyzing his novel ‘Recreations’ whose Slovak translation was published in Priashiv in 2003. Sci-tech translation is focused on in the third part containing articles on rendering terms and grammatical problems of interlingual translation. The paper by Mária Čižmárová will serve as a practical tool for Ukrainian-Slovak translators and interpreters who will have to render idioms with the floristic component. Similarly practical are the contributions covering two branches of Ukrainian-Slovak specialized translation: commercial translation (by Lesia Budnikova and Valeriya Chernak) and legal translation (by Jarmila Kredátusová and Valeriya Chernak). The study of loan words is the topic of the paper by Jana Kesselová which offers the complex view of loan processes in today’s Slovak. However, it would be desirable to discuss Ukrainian sources as well. It is rather a rare case when one volume consists of papers discussing both literary translation and sci-tech translation, but in the presented book, this amalgamation is quite natural and shows the multifacetedness of Ukrainian translation in Slovakia. The informational contents of all the papers are rather high, and they will be useful for practical research by scholars, translators and critics. The good balance of early ‘classical’ and recent publications creates a complete picture both of the coverage of the topic in the chronological dynamics and the presentation of the academic traditions of institutions where the papers were produced. This conference volume is an important contribution to Ukrainian Translation Studies in the area of Priashiv which has been shaped and developed by the publications in the literary magazine ‘Dukla’ (published since 1953), the proceedings of the Cultural Union of Ukrainian Workers (‘Naukovi zapysky KSUT’ in the 1980s to the early 1990s) and other editions of the Ukrainian Division of the Slovak Pedagogical Publishing House. The book will be useful for really wide readership in academic, literary and professional communities.

A World Among these Islands: Essays on Literature, Race, and National Identity in Antillean America, by Roberto Márquez (reviewed by Peter Hulme) Caribbean Reasonings: The Thought of New World, The Quest for Decolonisation, edited by Brian Meeks & Norman Girvan (reviewed by Cary Fraser) Elusive Origins: The Enlightenment in the Modern Caribbean Historical Imagination, by Paul B. Miller (reviewed by Kerstin Oloff) Caribbean Perspectives on Modernity: Returning Medusa’s Gaze, by Maria Cristina Fumagalli (reviewed by Maureen Shay) Who Abolished Slavery: Slave Revolts and Abolitionism: A Debate with João Pedro Marques, edited by Seymour Drescher & Pieter C. Emmer, and Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic, edited by Derek R . Peterson (reviewed by Claudius Fergus) The Mediterranean Apprenticeship of British Slavery, by Gustav Ungerer (reviewed by James Walvin) Children in Slavery through the Ages, edited by Gwyn Campbell, Suzanne Miers & Joseph C. Miller (reviewed by Indrani Chatterjee) The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates, by Peter T. Leeson (reviewed by Kris Lane) Theorizing a Colonial Caribbean-Atlantic Imaginary: Sugar and Obeah, by Keith Sandiford (reviewed by Elaine Savory) Created in the West Indies: Caribbean Perspectives on V.S. Naipaul, edited by Jennifer Rahim & Barbara Lalla (reviewed by Supriya M. Nair) Thiefing Sugar: Eroticism between Women in Caribbean Literature, by Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley (reviewed by Lyndon K. Gill) Haiti Unbound: A Spiralist Challenge to the Postcolonial Canon, by Kaiama L. Glover (reviewed by Asselin Charles) Divergent Dictions: Contemporary Dominican Literature, by Néstor E. Rodríguez (reviewed by Dawn F. Stinchcomb) The Caribbean Short Story: Critical Perspectives, edited by Lucy Evans, Mark McWatt & Emma Smith (reviewed by Leah Rosenberg) Society of the Dead: Quita Manaquita and Palo Praise in Cuba, by Todd Ramón Ochoa (reviewed by Brian Brazeal) El Lector: A History of the Cigar Factory Reader, by Araceli Tinajero (reviewed by Juan José Baldrich) Blazing Cane: Sugar Communities, Class, and State Formation in Cuba, 1868-1959, by Gillian McGillivray (reviewed by Consuelo Naranjo Orovio) The Purposes of Paradise: U.S. Tourism and Empire in Cuba and Hawai’i, by Christine Skwiot (reviewed by Amalia L. Cabezas) A History of the Cuban Revolution, by Aviva Chomsky (reviewed by Michelle Chase) The Cubalogues: Beat Writers in Revolutionary Havana, by Todd F. Tietchen (reviewed by Stephen Fay) The Devil in the Details: Cuban Antislavery Narrative in the Postmodern Age, by Claudette M. Williams (reviewed by Gera Burton) Screening Cuba: Film Criticism as Political Performance during the Cold War, by Hector Amaya (reviewed by Ann Marie Stock) Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American Policies in Comparative Perspective, by Lana Wylie (reviewed by Julia Sagebien) Forging Diaspora: Afro-Cubans and African Americans in a World of Empire and Jim Crow, by Frank Andre Guridy (reviewed by Susan Greenbaum) The Irish in the Atlantic World, edited by David T. Gleeson (reviewed by Donald Harman Akenson) The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Walton Look Lai & Tan Chee-Beng (reviewed by John Kuo Wei Tchen) The Island of One People: An Account of the History of the Jews of Jamaica, by Marilyn Delevante & Anthony Alberga (reviewed by Barry Stiefel) Creole Jews: Negotiating Community in Colonial Suriname, by Wieke Vink (reviewed by Aviva Ben-Ur) Only West Indians: Creole Nationalism in the British West Indies, by F.S.J. Ledgister (reviewed by Jerome Teelucksingh) Cultural DNA: Gender at the Root of Everyday Life in Rural Jamaica, by Diana J. Fox (reviewed by Jean Besson) Women in Grenadian History, 1783-1983, by Nicole Laurine Phillip (reviewed by Bernard Moitt) British-Controlled Trinidad and Venezuela: A History of Economic Interests and Subversions, 1830-1962, by Kelvin Singh (reviewed by Stephen G. Rabe) Export/Import Trends and Economic Development in Trinidad, 1919-1939, by Doddridge H.N. Alleyne (reviewed by Rita Pemberton) Post-Colonial Trinidad: An Ethnographic Journal, by Colin Clarke & Gillian Clarke (reviewed by Patricia van Leeuwaarde Moonsammy) Poverty in Haiti: Essays on Underdevelopment and Post Disaster Prospects, by Mats Lundahl (reviewed by Robert Fatton Jr.) From Douglass to Duvalier: U.S. African Americans, Haiti, and Pan Americanism, 1870-1964, by Millery Polyné (reviewed by Brenda Gayle Plummer) Haiti Rising: Haitian History, Culture and the Earthquake of 2010, edited by Martin Munro (reviewed by Jonna Knappenberger) Faith Makes Us Live: Surviving and Thriving in the Haitian Diaspora, by Margarita A. Mooney (reviewed by Rose-Marie Chierici) This Spot of Ground: Spiritual Baptists in Toronto, by Carol B. Duncan (reviewed by James Houk) Interroger les morts: Essai sur le dynamique politique des Noirs marrons ndjuka du Surinam et de la Guyane, by Jean-Yves Parris (reviewed by H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen & W. van Wetering)

Dr. Sheba George’s ethnographic study based using participant observation and purposive sampling and an insider transnational journey to examine changes in family and social roles that result when nurses from Kerala, India immigrate to the US ahead of their husbands. The author concludes that the economic and political gain immigration affords nurses does not translate into enhanced social status for their family in India or for their husbands in the US when they undergo gender transferral to homemaker. This transference causes a shift in gender structure from the home to the community, in this case the church as a way of counteracting the social emasculation Kerali men experience. This review cross culturally examines the resilience of patriarchal cultural mores and gender roles when Kerali and Puerto Rican immigrant men face the prospect of social emasculation; Puerto Ricans are examined from an insiders perspective.

This paper considers how and why an Asian enclave of small businesses has appeared in a poor neighborhood characterized by Puerto Rican and other Latino immigration in the post-industrial city of Worcester, Massachusetts. We begin by examining the role of the US in the world system, and argue that the US hegemonic role and specific political economic aspects of global capitalism (ie. deindustrialization) account for some of the migration stream. Next, using socio-economic and historical data, interviews, and observations, we outline the history of Worcester’s economy and immigration patterns. We demonstrate that the increasing economic inequality leaves few promising employment options for newcomers to Worcester. Drawing on existing literature on immigrant entrepreneurs and ethnic enclaves, we argue that some aspects of the literature appear to shed light on the Vietnamese enterprises which have so visibly appeared (e.g., ethnic niches), while others, (e.g., middle-man minority theory) are not now reflected in local conflict. We conclude by considering the prospects for immigrants to this neighborhood in light of its political economic context.

Roger R. Betancourt of University of Maryland reviews, “Cuban Economists on the Cuban Economy” by Al Campbell. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Twelve papers explore the perspectives of Cuban researchers on the Cuban economy. Papers discuss fifty years of revolution in the Cuban economy—a brief overview (José Luis Rodríguez); the evolution of Cuba's macroeconomy—from the triumph of the revolution through the Special Period (Oscar U-Echevarría Vallejo); Cuba's insertion in the international economy since 1990 (Nancy A. Quiñones Chang); medium- and long-range planning in Cuba—historical evolution and future prospects (Elena Álvarez González); creating a better life—the human dimension of the Cuban economy (Rita Castiñeiras García); fighting poverty—Cuba's experience (Ángela Ferriol); the Cuban population—major characteristics with a special focus on the aging population (Juan Carlos Alfonso Fraga); labor relations, labor rights, and trade unions—their history in Cuba (Alfredo Morales Cartaya); the evolution of international tourism in Cuba (Miguel Alejandro Figueras); tourism—natural product, source of exchange with the outside world, and ideological challenge (Alfredo García Jiménez); agriculture—historical transformations and future directions (Ángel Bu Wong and Pablo Fernández Domínguez); and expansion of knowledge-based economic sectors—the advantages socialism offers for Cuba (Vito N. Quevedo Rodríguez). Campbell is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Utah.” Roger R. Betancourt of University of Maryland reviews, “Cuba under Raul Castro: Assessing the Reforms” by Carmelo Mesa-Lago and Jorge Perez-Lopez. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Assesses Cuba's reforms under Raúl Castro. Discusses Cuba's economic and social development, 1959–2012; the domestic economy, 2006–12; international economic relations, 2006–12; social welfare, 2006–12; the reforms, the national debate, and the Party Congress; and assessing the reforms—impact and challenges. Mesa-Lago is Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Economics and Latin American Studies at the University of Pittsburgh. Pérez-López is Executive Director of the Fair Labor Association in Washington, D.C.”

The Kelian gold deposit, located 250 km west of the provincial capital of Samarinda, East Kalimantan, is Indonesia's principal gold producer. The deposit is an intrusive-related low sulphidation system, situated within the Central Kalimantan Continental Arc, which consists of andesitic to rhyolitic volcanics and intrusives of Miocene age. Hydrothermal activity produced extensive brecciation, porphyry- to epithermal-style alteration and gold and base metals mineralisation. The nature of genetic relations is the main aspect of this study and is approached through the geochemical evolution of the calc-alkaline suites in relation to the metallic mineralisation. Geochemical evolution in the Miocence calc-alkaline suites from the Kalimantan volcanic arc exhibit two distinctive trends of magmatic differentiation The first trend is defined by a series of "productive" igneous suites such as Kelian, Muyup and Ritan, and is a "typical" calc-alkaline series characterised by low Mg, moderate K, relatively high Ti and Al and depletion in Cr and Sc. The second trend is defined by the chemical variations of the Magerang-Imang and Nakan suites which have remarkably high concentrations of MgO. Major and trace element geochemistry of the high Mg andesites from MagerangImang and Nakan is comparable with that of low-Ca type-2 boninites. The Kelian Igneous Complex is characterised by positive Zr and Hf anomalies in the trace element patterns which is uncommon for calc-alkaline subduction zone magmas. The chemical diversity in the Magerang-Imang and Nakan suite might have been generated by a combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallisation process involving a parental basaltic magma and a Zr-rich cumulate. It is suggested that the Magerang-lmang and Nakan high Mg andesites were fed by magma chambers that formed deep in the crust, and were emplaced into pre-existing intrusions of felsic composition that formed as part of the Kelian Igneous Complex cycle. The shallow level stocks at Magerang-1.mang and Nakan were generated by intrusions that melted the walls and roofs of related, but pre-existing intrusions, and extracted abundant xenocrystic zircons during the assimilation process. This study represents the first Platinum Group Element data for a fractionated suite of calc-alkaline andesite. The technique developed in this study represents a breakthrough in our ability to monitor important ore elements in felsic igneous system. The PGE distribution patterns in the Magerang-lmang hornblende andesite are subparallel to each other over a range of concentrations that vary by about a factor of 20. All the Magerang-lmang samples are depleted in Ru, Ir and Os concentrations relative to Re, Pd, Pt and Rh concentrations and have Pd/Ir values of 15 to 54 and Ru/Ir - 1. The PGE concentrations decrease with increasing Si02, showing that they are depleted by fractional crystallisation. Gold is depleted by an order of magnitude and relative to Re and Pd. The low concentration of gold in the igneous rocks associated with the Kelian gold deposit is unexpected. Most metal deposits are found in association with rocks that are already enriched in the metal of interest. It is therefore surprising to find a major gold deposit in host rocks that are depleted in Au. It is also interesting that Au and PGE ratios change little during fractionation. This is surprising because it implies either that the partition coefficients for the PGEs into the sulphides are similar, which seems unlikely, or that Au and the PGEs are not being depleted by simple equilibriwn fractional crystallisation of sulphide. Alternatively, the gold and PGE fractionation are due to the assimilation of crustal material. This appears to be the most plausible process for the gradual depletion of Au and all of the PGE at Kellan. It is suggested that simple dilution with crustal material that contains no Au or PGE is the most likely process that will decrease the abundance of all of the PGE equally. Zircon U-Th-Pb isotope dates were determined in situ using excimer laser ablation ICP-MS. The two different bodies of the Magerang hornblende andesite yielded a single age of 19.38 ± 0.12 Ma and 19.62 ± 0.21 Ma, while the Nakan andesite gave an age of 20.01± 0.15 Ma. The Central Andesite porphyry at Kelian gave 3 populations of U-Pb zircon dates: 21.2 ± 0.32 Ma, 20.5 ± 0.12 Ma and 19.7 ± 0.12 Ma. The youngest date (19.7 Ma) is interpreted as the emplacement age and the two older zircon populations represent the age of inherited zircons coming from the previous thermal event that affected the source region of the andesite. The U-Pb zircon dating for the Runcing Rhyolite porphyry also yielded 3 distinctive date populations: the youngest date of zircon population (19.3 ± 0.1 Ma) is interpreted as the emplacement age and the other two populations (20.0 ± 0.2 Ma and 20.8 ± 0.1 Ma) represent the ages of inherited zircons. The emplacement age of the Magerang-Imang andesite implies that the highsulphidation Cu-Au mineralisation at Magerang is younger than the low-sulphidation Au deposit at Kelian. The Kelian and Magerang andesites have a relatively short interval of emplacement ages suggesting that the duration of magmatism and related epitbermal mineralisation in the larger Kelian region was between 0.5 - 1 Ma. During this period, the magmatic-hydrothermal system has produced 2 distinctive types of epithermal mineralisation: firstly, low-sulphidation Au deposit at Kelian and secondly highsulphidation Cu-Au mineralisation at Magerang-Imang. Detrital zircons from the Mahakam and Kelian rivers were dated to obtain the overall duration of volcanism in the region. These zircons are dominated by Pliocene, Miocene, Cretaceous, Triassic, Permian and Carboniferous zircons. The youngest detrital zircon from the Kelian river gave an age of 1.7 ± 0.1 Ma and the oldest one gave an age of 373 Ma. Within the Tertiary zircon population, there are age spectra peaks at Pliocene (from 1.7 Ma to 2.8 Ma) and Miocene (from 15.8 Ma to 21.7 Ma). The Cretaceous zircon population ranges from 67 .6 to 126.3 Ma and peaks at l 05 Ma. The gold mineralisation at Kelian occurs toward the end of the Miocene volcanism and took place locally within the Kelian region as this Miocene volcanism is not recorded in the zircon component from the larger Mahakam river. The two large inheritance populations in both the Central Andesite and Runcing Rhyolite lie within the time range of the Kelian igneous complex as defined by the KeJian River detrital zircons. They must be derived from crustal intrusions that formed as part of the Kelian cycle. It is suggested that both the Kelian Andesite and Runcing Rhyolite were fed by 2 magma chambers that formed deep in the crust, each of which were long lived. The magma chambers that fed the Kelian Andesite and Runcing Rhyolite were emplaced into pre-existing intrusions of similar composition that formed as part of the Kelian igneous complex. The abundance of xenocrystic zircons in both units suggests that these earlier intrusions were still hot, or perhaps even partially molten, at the time of magma emplacement. That is the shallow level stocks and diatremes at Kelian were fed by nested, cannibalistic intrusions deep in the crust that melted the walls and roofs of related, but pre-existing intrusions, and inherited abundant xenocrystic zircons in the process. Both the Kelian Andesite and the Runcing Rhyolite have two populations of inherited zircons, which indicate that the pre-existing intrusions formed in two distinct episodes, 0.7 to 0.8 m.y. apart. The difference between the emplacement age and the age of the oldest of the inherited zircon populations shows that this cannibalistic activity took place over 1.5 m.y. The interval of magmatic activity in these chambers corresponds to the period of peak activity in the Kelian igneous complex as defined by the detrital zircons.

<em>Abstract.</em>—Coastal ecosystems sustain the livelihoods of coastal communities around the world and fisheries-dependent communities in particular. But these ecosystems are subject to intense and growing population and development pressure. Future prospects are bleak for many of these ecosystems and the communities that depend upon them. Moreover, with relentless development intensification, these communities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to coastal hazards, especially in the face of global warming and sea-level rise. The consequences of living in hazard-prone coastal areas has been exposed by graphic television coverage of the catastrophic 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the hurricanes that devastated the Gulf Coast of the United States in 2005. It is imperative that we learn to mitigate hazard impacts and build more sustainable and hazard-resilient coastal communities. This chapter presents case studies of recovery experiences in Indonesia and the Maldives in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami and recovery experiences related to hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Particular attention is focused on how fishing communities were impacted, are recovering, and what is being done to build the resilience of these communities. More specifically, what should and can be done to mitigate future hazard impacts? Personal observations and interviews with planners, academics, and others involved in recovery efforts inform this analysis. Notwithstanding significant cultural and contextual differences between these case studies, lessons can be learned from these experiences to improve future coastal policy, planning, and decision-making processes. These lessons, together with insights from diverse literatures, including coastal management, natural hazards planning, collaborative planning, sustainable communities, sustainable livelihoods, ecological economics, and comanagement, are synthesized to develop a conceptual framework and outline principles and operational imperatives to guide action for mitigating hazard impacts and building sustainable, hazard-resilient communities. Such communities are founded upon robust critical infrastructure that is secured by planning and decision-making processes that enable these communities to build layers of resilience to overcome waves of adversity. Sustainability and resilience will remain elusive unless unsustainable practices and community vulnerabilities are confronted by a transformational process of developmental planning.