Дисертації з теми "Risques pour la santé – Analyse"
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Gilbert, Sophie. "Sécurité sanitaire : analyse et financement." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10001.
Повний текст джерелаLoubatan, Tabo Augustin. "Analyse économique des comportements de prévention face aux risques de santé." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949540.
Повний текст джерелаThuret, Anne. "Les risques pour la santé des travailleurs de la construction : analyse de la mortalité prématurée et évaluation des expositions professionnelles." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T040.
Повний текст джерелаDahan, Olivier. "Étude de la détérioration neuropsychologique de l'adulte après irradiation cérébrale : analyse du risque par un modèle mathématique, à partir d'une série rétrospective de 100 patients." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23026.
Повний текст джерелаToe, Pare Léa Mélanie Désirée. "La prévention de la maladie, une construction sociale de l'anticipation : analyse de la hiérarchisation des pratiques d'anticipation dans des ménages à l'ouest du Burkina Faso." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10015.
Повний текст джерелаAppéré, Gildas. "Analyse économique des comportements face à un risque sanitaire : le cas de la pêche récréative de coquillages." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES6001.
Повний текст джерелаThe risks connected to the Consumption associated with entertaining activities are little taken into account by authorities. As such, the footfishing of Shellfish constitutes a case of study, because of its local weight and because of the difficulty that authorities met to impose a sanitary rule. These difficulties showed the need better to encircle the behaviour of the fishermen. The first part lists the theoretical and methodological tools resulting in a specific model of behaviour of the fishermen. The choice of a pseudotrade frame gives a particular theoretical shape to the method of reserved valuation, the contingent Travel Cost Method. Besides, to improve analysis of the attitudes toward risk, it is appealed to psychologists' works (HBM model). These theoretical and methodological choices are tested during a study led on the Briton coast (France). This one allows to encircle the socio-demographic features of the fishermen, by showing that it is an activity targeted at popular categories with an advanced enough age. This study of the behaviour also shows that, in front of identified risks, the footfishermen have a coherent and careful attitude. Nevertheless, it shows that the exposure and the treatment of the information about these risks have a considerable impact on this behaviour. So, the often-vague knowledge of the risks explains a considerable distance between the careful intentions and the actual attitudes. This underlines a deficiency in the management of these risks, but can also reveal a singular phenomenon described under the concept of endogenous information. Besides, the Contingent Travel Cost method allowed to calculate benefits associated to reductions of risk. The absence of absurd values and the weak part of protest bid plead in favour of this method. Finally, the econometrical modelling of the WTP shows interest to introduce explanatory variables taken from Psychological models
Maugard, Charlotte. "Analyse des données massives de source assurantielle de la Mutualité Sociale Agricole, pour la surveillance en santé au travail des travailleurs agricoles en France." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS035.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Health surveillance and vigilance (identification of new risks in particular) represent a major challenge in the field of occupational health. In addition to classical epidemiological studies, the systematic analysis, without a priori, of data collected routinely could be an asset for the early detection of diseases related to work. In this context, the social protection scheme dedicated to French agricultural workers, known as “Mutualité Sociale Agricole” (MSA), wanted to develop its vigilance activity by exploiting its medico-administrative data, used for the reimbursement of health expenditures. In partnership with the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), a data mining project has been set up in which this thesis work fits. The aim of the thesis is, more precisely, to test, without any prior assumptions, the existence of associations between agricultural activities and pathologies recognized as long-term disease (LTD).Method: The work presented was conducted on self-employed population (heads of farms or enterprises) affiliated to the MSA. It relied on the one hand on a contributors’ database which includes, at the individual level, information about occupational activities, demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and on the other hand, on a medico-administrative database with declarations of long-term diseases (LTD) and associated information like ICD-10 diseases. Thanks to the agreement of the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL), a unique identifier was created so that, for the first time, these administrative and medico-administrative data could be merged and restructured to allow the application of models. Logistic regression models were performed, adapting variable selection for each LTD and using cross-validation to limit over-fitting of models. Several methods have been tested to better take into account potential confounders. These different models were evaluated via robustness measures and applied at two-level of precision for pathology (LTD and ICD-10). The statistical associations between each combination of occupational activity and LTD were characterized by p-values, corrected for multiple tests, and odds ratio.Results: Data management allowed us to consider a population of 899 212 self-employed affiliated between 2006 and 2016. Among them, it was possible to identify 100 706 individuals with at least one declaration of LTD over the observation period. The applied methodology revealed 54 statistically significant associations between an occupational activity and an LTD, making it possible to capture already known or suspected health determinants but also to generate interesting hypotheses. After adjusting for confounding factors, the agricultural sectors most associated with LTD, among the self-employed, are viticulture, timber exploitations, landscaping and gardening or reforestation.Discussion: This thesis provides a first demonstration of the feasibility and relevance of the systematic analysis of data collected routinely for insurance purposes, concerning the overall agricultural population, to search for health risks associated with occupational activities. The statistical "signals" thus highlighted will then be investigated by a group of experts from different scientific and occupational fields. Other models should be tested like survival models. This approach may thus be a valuable tool contributing to the health surveillance system dedicated to agricultural workers
Szkolnik, Sebastián Alexis. "Analyse des représentations de l'encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine à travers la télévision française : la "vache folle" dans tous ses états." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/146284631#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаThis research concerns the way the "mad cow" was treated on French television across its different periods. Knowing that this one constitutes the affair of public health most mediatized by history, it shows across the analysis of numerous informational expressions that Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), before being a "health crisis", is recovering of a "cultural crisis". A first party sets out to display different cogitation on the act to eat in the crossroads of numerous disciplines as Sociology, Anthropology and the Information and Communication Sciences. It is necessary for the understanding of cultural practices in constant mutation coming back in crisis facing the announcement of a health risk. The different presentations on bovine madness transported by the Hertzian chains since 1990 make the object of a second party showing the taking over of concept by the industries of the imagination. A third party displays in concrete terms how BSE was introduced to the French society in its different stages by the analysis of the television newspapers. It follows in the fourth and last party, where the "mad cow" becomes the object of cathodic debates organized by programs in the variable narrative intentions which try to understand nature of rising crisis in 1996
Rumeau, Pierre. "Etude par l'évaluation et l'analyse de risques des possibilités de mise en production de services basés sur les HIS." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENS031.
Повний текст джерелаAn activity monitoring health smart home (HIS type) based upon an infrared sensor network and the related data fusion was deployed in intermediate and long-term geriatric wards. Frail elderly people in those facilities are the closest substitute to home-dwellers, yet the staff provides the standard for activity monitoring. We could show that: 1. HIS is little intrusive and readily accepted. 2. We may model the capabilities of HIS to trigger an alarm and compare it to other devices measuring activity in specific frail populations. 3. We proved our model on the clinical case of a falling Lewy's bodies disease patient. 4. ISOFDIS 14971 norm on risk management may apply to HIS. 5. Returns may be expected from the first implementation year if an HI Sis deployed at the home a frail elderly lady with cardiovascular condition. Therefore, proposing a commercial service using HIS is medically, socially and economically relevant
Sevrin-Jaloustre, Séverine. "Appréciation quantitative des risques pour l'évaluation de mesures de maîtrise sanitaire dans une filière agro-alimentaire. Application à Clostridium perfringens en restauration hospitalière." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00781728.
Повний текст джерелаDenieul, Myriam. "Procéduralisation de la décision publique face aux risques sanitaires et environnementaux posés par les produits." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB033.
Повний текст джерелаIn the past few years, procedures have multiplied for structuring and framing the decision-making process of public entities when they are confronted with environmental and health-related risks caused by products. This trend first emerged in the US, and then spread over in the EU and in France. The patchy and disorganised development of such procedures yet begs the question of a common procedural framework for public decision-making when dealing with risks, and of its associated consequences. In this view, two main categories of procedures can be distinguished. The first one applies to the scientific assessment of risks, and its consequences for the final decision. Those procedures have been stirred by external drivers, namely successive health and environmental crisis, the ever-growing necessity to cope with situations characterised by scientific uncertainty, or by influences at the supranational level. The second category covers procedures aiming at assessing the impacts of the contemplated decision, and at ensuring participation from the public. The development of this second category results more of a deliberate choice than a constraint, and the respective weight of such procedures within the decision-making process is also more limited. This so-called 'proceduralisation' facilitates the judicial review of risks-related decisions, and requires a more pragmatic approach when examining procedural irregularities. This research aims to highlight key general principles that public decision-makers may use when confronted to identified or suspected risks
Chautru, Emilie. "Statistiques multivariées pour l'analyse du risque alimentaire." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0045/document.
Повний текст джерелаAt a crossroads of economical, sociological, cultural and sanitary issues, dietary analysis is of major importance for public health institutes. When international trade facilitates the transportation of foodstuffs produced in very different environmental conditions, when conspicuous consumption encourages profitable strategies (GMO, pesticides, etc.), it is necessary to quantify the sanitary risks engendered by such economic behaviors. We are interested in the evaluation of chronic types of exposure (at a yearly scale) to food contaminants, the long-term toxicity of which is already well documented. Because dietary risk and benefit is not limited to the abuse or the avoidance of toxic substances, nutritional intakes are also considered. Our work is thus organized along three main lines of research. We first consider the statistical analysis of very high long-term types of exposure to one or more chemical elements present in the food, adopting approaches in keeping with extreme value theory. Then, we adapt classical techniques borrowed from the statistical learning field concerning minimum volume set estimation in order to identify dietary habits that realize a compromise between toxicological risk and nutritional benefit. Finally, we study the asymptotic properties of a number of statistics that can assess the characteristics of the distribution of individual exposure, which take into account the possible survey scheme from which the data originate
Darbon, Alexandre. "Épidémiologie sur réseau pour l'évaluation des risques dans la prévention et le contrôle des infections Network-based assessment of the vulnerability of Italian regions to bovine brucellosis Disease persistence on temporal contact networks accounting for heterogeneous infectious periods." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS077.
Повний текст джерелаMy doctoral thesis aims to propose solutions against the spread of infectious diseases in specific contexts, taking into account how host contacts evolve in time using a temporal network representation. It focuses on the determination of the epidemic threshold, a key indicator of the epidemic risk. By leveraging and extending a mathematical formalism from network theory, this work enables the computation of the epidemic threshold in real situations in order to identify public health measures. A first project addresses the persistence of bovine brucellosis in Italy despite the existing eradication measures. Using comprehensive data on cattle movements between Italian farms over several years, as well as time-stamped outbreak records, the epidemic threshold computation in each region of the country provides information on regions vulnerability and proposes factors that may explain disease persistence. An extension of the formalism is then presented, including heterogeneous average infectious periods in the epidemic threshold computation. This work shows in different epidemiological contexts how the classical assumption that the average infectious period is the same for all hosts in a population may bias epidemic risk assessments. This method also identifies the hosts in a population that are primarily responsible for the global epidemic risk
Ghemraoui, Rima. "Méthodologie de conception innovante intégrant la sécurité des utilisateurs : application aux liaisons tracteur-outils." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00506040.
Повний текст джерелаBaudrit, Cédric. "Représentation et propagation de connaissances imprécises et incertaines : application à l'évaluation des risques liés aux sites et aux sols pollués." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011933.
Повний текст джерелаsur une évaluation des risques pour l'homme et l'environnement. Cette évaluation est effectuée à l'aide de modèles qui simulent le transfert de polluant depuis une source de pollution vers une cible vulnérable, pour différents scénarii d'exposition. La sélection des valeurs des paramètres de ces modèles s'appuie autant que possible sur les données recueillies lors des investigations de terrain (phase de diagnostic de site). Or pour des raisons de délais et de coûts, l'information recueillie lors de cette phase de diagnostic est toujours incomplète; elle est donc entachée d'incertitude. De même, les modèles de transferts et d'exposition présentent également des incertitudes à intégrer dans les procédures. Cette notion globale d'incertitude doit être prise en compte dans l'évaluation du risque pour que les résultats soient utiles lors la phase décisionnelle.
L'incertitude sur les paramètres peut avoir deux origines. La première provient du caractère aléatoire de l'information due à une variabilité naturelle résultant de phénomènes stochastiques. On parle alors d'incertitudes de variabilité ou d'incertitudes stochastiques. La seconde est liée au caractère imprécis de l'information lié à un manque de connaissance et qui résulte par exemple d'erreurs systématiques lors de mesures ou d'avis d'experts.
On parle alors d'incertitudes épistémiques. Dans le calcul de risque, ces deux notions sont souvent confondues alors qu'elles devraient être traitées de manière différente.
L'incertitude en évaluation des risques a surtout été appréhendée dans un cadre purement probabiliste.
Cela revient à supposer que la connaissance sur les paramètres des modèles est toujours de nature aléatoire (variabilité). Cette approche consiste à représenter les paramètres incertains par des distributions de probabilité uniques et à transmettre l'incertitude relative à ces paramètres sur celle du risque encouru par la cible, en appliquant en général la technique dite Monte Carlo. Si cette approche est bien connue, toute la difficulté tient à une définition cohérente des distributions de probabilité affectées aux paramètres par rapport à la connaissance disponible. En effet dans un contexte d'évaluation des risques liés à l'exposition aux polluants, l'information dont on dispose concernant certains paramètres est souvent de nature imprécise. Le calage d'une distribution de probabilité unique sur ce type de
connaissance devient subjectif et en partie arbitraire.
L'information dont on dispose réellement est souvent plus riche qu'un intervalle mais moins riche qu'une distribution de probabilité. En pratique, l'information de nature aléatoire est traitée de manière rigoureuse par les distributions de probabilité classiques. Celle de nature imprécise est traitée de manière rigoureuse par des familles de distributions de probabilité définies au moyen de paires de probabilités cumulées hautes et basses ou, à l'aide de théories plus récentes, au moyen de distributions de possibilité (aussi appelées intervalles flous) ou encore au moyen d'intervalles aléatoires utilisant les fonctions de croyance de Dempster-Shafer.
Un des premiers objectifs de ce travail est de promouvoir la cohérence entre la manière dont on représente la connaissance sur les paramètres
des modèles du risque et la connaissance dont on dispose réellement. Le deuxième objectif est de proposer différentes méthodes pour propager l'information de nature aléatoire et l'information de nature imprécise à travers les modèles du risque tout en essayant de tenir compte des dépendances entre les paramètres. Enfin, ces méthodes alternatives ont été testées sur des cas synthétiques puis sur des cas réels simplifiés, notamment pour proposer des moyens de présenter les résultats pour une phase décisionnelle:
- Calcul de dose : Transfert d'un polluant radioactif (le strontium) depuis le dépôt jusqu'à
l'homme, au travers de la consommation d'un aliment (le lait de vache).
- Risque toxique après un déversement accidentel de trichloréthylène (TCE) au dessus d'une nappe d'eau (modèle semi analytique).
- Risque pour la santé liée aux sols pollués par des retombées de plomb.
Soomro, Munawar Hussain. "Health effects of endocrine disruptors during pregnancy and childhood Exposure to heavy metals during pregnancy related to gestational diabetes mellitus in diabetes-free mothers Prenatal exposure to phthalates and the development of eczema phenotypes in male children: Results from the EDEN mother-child Cohort study." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2019SORUS243.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAll humans are exposed to chemicals in everyday life, from food, indoor environment, cosmetics and other products that surround us at home and at work. Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) are man-made compounds that can bind to cell receptors and mimic or block the functions of natural hormones potentially resulting in adverse health effects. In recent years, hypotheses have been put forward that EDCs may contribute also to the development of allergic and respiratory diseases. In addition, it is likely that EDCs could act already during pregnancy by causing gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy induced hypertension, which may also trigger to develop hypertension and diabetes mellitus later in life. This dissertation provides evidence that maternal exposure to phthalates and heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium and Manganese) during pregnancy may be associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy induced hypertension and later eczema/atopic dermatitis in children. We used ongoing French EDEN-mother child cohort data for our three studies. Our results add new suggestive evidence on the relationship between EDCs (phthalates and heavy metals we studied) and maternal and children health, that prenatal exposure to certain phthalates and heavy toxic metals may play a role in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy induced hypertension during pregnancy and later eczema in early childhood. Future research focusing on larger populations and addressing multiple exposures assessed prenatally and postnatally are required to provide more evidence on possible contributions of emerging pollutants to study the role of phthalates and heavy metals
Thellier, Sylvie. "Approche ergonomique de l’analyse des risques en radiothérapie : de l’analyse des modes de défaillances à la mise en discussion des modes de réussite." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1159/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research is in the field of risk management and patient safety. It aims to develop a methodology for exploring the weakening of real work of a medical team and to cope with methodological difficulties encountered by radiotherapy centers when analyzing patients’ risks incurred the therapeutic process with FMEA method. This thesis is a theoretical and empirical contribution about "safety in reflection" in discussion spaces that is distinguished within "safety in action". This work seeks to identify a new link between safety and risk management by giving a predominant place to a methodological step often neglected: the risk identification. Safety of care depending mainly of day-to-day practices of caregivers, it would be for analysts to make the connection a generic risk (eg. overexposure of patients to radiation) and the construction, the spread in the real work of healthcare team. This research proposes to work this link collectively in discussion spaces classically mobilized by the sciences of management to accompany a change or improve the performance of the organization and to adapt them to identify risks in the daily work of a radiotherapy team. The thesis argues that patient safety depends on the production of a new knowledge: 1) on the complexity of the daily work of the healthcare team, 2) on success modes mobilized to reduce it and 3) on weakening conditions of these success modes. In other words, risk analysis will be a data collection about what is really happening in the daily work and what is affecting it. This data collection would seek to improve information held individually in relation to the complexity of the cross-functional collective work, to make visible dimensions that are difficult to access (politic, strategic, organization, context…) and to make links between complexity of work and risks incurred by patients. The aim of "spaces for sharing and exploring the complexity of work" is to improve individual and collective knowledge on the development of risky situations, to share them in the team in order to maximize the real safety. The interaction between ergonomics and risk management contribute to enrich methodological principles and revise theoretical notions
Petitdant, Nicolas. "Exploration des effets neuro-toxicologiques des ondes radiofréquences du téléphone portable au cours du développement sain et pathologique chez le rat." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0014.
Повний текст джерелаThe widespread use of mobile phones raises the question of the possible health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF, GSM 900 MHz) on the brain. Acquisition of the first cell phone occurs predominantly before adolescence. Scientific literature reports effects of high levels of RF EMF exposure on the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The GFAP is the principal intermediate filament of the astrocytes. These cells play a role in the synaptic transmission and brain damages repair. In this context, we hypothesized a disturbance of the astrocytes and brain functions by the exposure of high RF EMF levels carried out during foetal or adolescent cerebral maturation. A second assumption is made that the organisms under development sensitised by an inflammatory episode would be more vulnerable to the environmental exposures and lead the expression of the neuro-biological effects of RF EMF. To test these hypotheses, we mimicked the foetotoxic effects of a pathological state of the mother. We used a gestational inflammation model of rat obtained with intra-peritoneal injections of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This model was exposed to RF EMF, either during all gestation (co-exposure with LPS), or during the adolescent stage. In another experimental group, we mimicked a reactive astrogliosis consecutive to an infection or a neuro-pathological state at the adolescent stage by micro-perfusion of LPS in the cerebral ventricle. In this model, adolescent rats were co-exposed to LPS and RF EMF. The different endpoints were measured in the young adult. In gestational co-exposure, endpoints were measured during juvenile and adolescent stages. Behavioural paradigms were used to examine the emotional states, the perception and the adaptation to novelty. The GFAP levels were quantified in the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala. Our results indicate effects on behavioural endpoints (particularly in novelty perception) in the young adult previously exposed to RF EMF during gestation (and not during adolescence). Only one interaction between the LPS and RF EMF was shown in co-exposure during adolescence. A weaker increase of the GFAP levels was shown after a 1,5W/kg exposure. These results were obtained with levels of RF EMF exposure which were much higher (10 to 50 times) than those induced by the mobile phone held near the foetus by the pregnant woman or near the ear during a phone call. It will be important to reproduce these effects before considering mechanistic interactions of RF EMF on the foetal development and the neuro-inflammatory process at the adolescent stage. In addition, it will be necessary to identify if these effects are induced at environmental RF EMF levels in order to contribute to the neuro-toxicological risk evaluation of RF EMF
Rumeau, Pierre. "Etude par l'évaluation et l'analyse de risque des possibilités de mise en production de services basés sur les HIS." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825349.
Повний текст джерелаServais-Walenda, Sophie. "La maternité avec risques : une analyse ethnographique des risques autour de la procréation au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT056/document.
Повний текст джерелаSuccessive Maternal and Child Health policies during last three decades in the Global South were based on a quantitative approach to reproductive risk, with a homogeneous vision of women's life experiences. On the contrary, the anthropological approach defines risk as a social construction and considers that populations assess and prioritize their exposure risks in a relevant manner.Our approach is based on a long-term ethnographic study in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) and its environment. We conducted formal and informal interviews with women, their families and key informants. Contextual observations in urban and rural areas complete the data set.Our results show a form of trivialization of HIV/AIDS risk in its bioclinical aspects. However, although less visible, stigma is persisting, and the social dimension of disease are still a threat. Our research describes the living and working conditions of poor women. It highlights their exposure to risk related to women's work in both rural areas and cities. It specifically examines the risk associated with the current intensive use of pesticides, which particularly concern women.In addition, our research shows how women perceive the healthcare system as a threat. This perception of risk related to care is part of a broader context of « crisis of confidence » in the health care system that creates « mistreatments », especially among pregnant women.This doctoral research reveals the neglected and « not quantified » risks perceived by women. It contributes to the recognition of environment related risks and informal working conditions as major public health problems affecting mothers and children in West Africa
Salines, Morgane. "Modélisation de la propagation du virus de l'hépatite E dans la filière porcine et évaluation de stratégies de réduction du risque d'exposition humaine." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B039/document.
Повний текст джерелаHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen whose main reservoir in industrialised countries is pigs. This research project combined epidemiological studies, mathematical modelling and social sciences to propose levers for reducing the risk of human exposure to HEV through the consumption of pork products. Two experimental trials and one study under natural conditions highlighted the major role of immunomodulating co-infections on the dynamics of HEV infection in pigs, as these intercurrent pathogens led to chronic HEV infection and an increased risk of the virus in the liver, blood and muscles of slaughtered animals. The development of a within-herd, stochastic, individual-based and multi-pathogen model has made it possible to identify both zootechnical and sanitary control measures to reduce the prevalence of the virus on farms. In addition, the design of a between-herd model has enabled to analyse the factors responsible for the spread of the virus in a network of French farms. All these HEV control measures have been submitted for the opinion of public and private organisations and individual players in the pig sector (farmers, farming advisors, veterinarians) through social science approaches. Finally, this transversal and multidisciplinary project made it possible to define tangible and achievable lines of action for the management of HEV in the pig sector while making significant methodological contributions in epidemiology and modelling
Déportes, Isabelle. "Contribution à l'évaluation des risques liés au compostage des ordures ménagères." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE18001.
Повний текст джерелаFauche, Isabelle. "Le vin, bénéfices potentiels et risques." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P007.
Повний текст джерелаLacroix, Sophie. "Aérosols de pentamidine et risques pour le personnel soignant d'un service de médecine interne." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P170.
Повний текст джерелаNongou-Moundounga, Olivia. "Travail et santé au Gabon : quelles garanties de protection pour les salariés ?" Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2011/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince the first laws establishing a labor code in the Gabonese Republic in 1962, the rules relating to the protection of occupational health are based on two fundamental pillars, the prevention and repair of occupational hazards. With the 1994 reform of the Labor Code, special emphasis has been placed on risk prevention in the sense that it should be privileged, with reparation only being required in a secondary way. Despite this development, 20 years after this reform, the protection of workers' health is still essentially based on the reparation of work-related risks and the preservation of the employment of victims of work-related accidents and occupational diseases. Interest in the prevention and promotion of occupational health is perceptible but it remains hesitant. The general finding that emerges from the review of this protection is that it remains largely unimplemented, given many factors related to the essentially legislative and incomplete nature of the texts. The shortcomings are also due to difficulties in the organization of prevention. The implementation of occupational safety and health rules still poses many problems, which contributes to relativizing the protection that workers can claim
Juglaret, Frédéric. "Indicateurs et tableaux de bord pour la prévention des risques en santé-sécurité au travail." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819109.
Повний текст джерелаHorn, Lucie. "Prévenir pour gouverner ? La prévention des risques professionnels au prisme de la santé au travail." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A020.
Повний текст джерелаThis piece focuses on the goals and practices associated with preventing occupational hazards. The example of occupational medicine will shine a light on the formation, evolution and contemporary stakes of these practices. Prevention acquired a legal existence at the end of the 19th century and was built around the doctrine and the 20th century institutionalisation of occupational medicine. The disciplinary practices that lie at the heart of occupational hazards prevention underwent several successive changes that resulted as from the 1990s in the building up of a security plan. Prevention measures encompass many protagonists and give rise to various lively debates. The disciplinary mechanisms operating at the core of these practices and the range of shapes they can don bring to light their leaning towards employers’ legal obligations and firm performance.As a consequence, these prevention measures show today an increasing tendency to merge with work prescription. Thanks to their constructive reputation, they legitimate subordination techniques that were until now synonymous with freedom deprivation. As a result of these evolutions, occupational risks prevention now appears to be some kind of laboratory for contemporary governmentality: a growing power with sometimes yet unknown consequences
Laroche, Pierre. "Le thorium : risques pour les travailleurs : surveillance et radioprotection." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05CD05.
Повний текст джерелаSalmon, François. "Le choléra au Pérou : leçon pour un continent à risque." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P013.
Повний текст джерелаClerc, Stephanie. "Santé mentale au travail dans un contexte d'hypermodernité : quels enjeux pour le management public ?" Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV029/document.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract :In a context of modernization of the state, public structures have to face many organizational changes as well as a rise in psychosocial risks. From the works conducted on hypermodernity that we supplement with the theory of the preservation of resources, we seek to identify some issues in public management. This research, based on a qualitative study conducted among three decentralized state administrations, examines the dynamics between three variables: psychosocial risk factors, available resources and professional values. The analysis reveals, on the one hand, the existence of risksconsistent with those identified in private companies, on the other hand, the presence of regulatory resources related to the quality of relations with peers and the nature of missions as much as development opportunities; and, finally, values relating to motivation for public service. In general terms, the interpretation of the data indicates that professional values frequently come up against the logic of the new public management that underpins the new modes of public production. However, far from being passive, agents are turning to other "safe haven" values, such as the usefulness of their work or the satisfaction of users, who act as new resources in a context of uncertain future
Marin, Fromont Sophie. "Risques d'utilisation des pigments employés par les artistes peintres." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P008.
Повний текст джерелаBauwens, Marie Christine. "Épidémies : risques sanitaires et principe de précaution." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083001.
Повний текст джерелаThe precautionary principle has been written in the French Constitution lately. It was first applied to environnemental questions and has now got a place on health area, particularly with spreading of epidemic threats. Its different formulations have an essential element in common : decisions should be taken on the basis of uncertain scientific information. It should be used specially by policy-makers as a tool of risk management even if it's controversial today among scientific experts where partisans of an analysis of risk factors before widespread exposure are into conflict with those who prefer an analysis of any suspected effects a posteriori
Gonzalez, Maria. "Evaluation des expositions professionnelles dans les études épidémiologiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/GONZALEZ_Maria_2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Fabrine. "Ozone troposphérique : impact sur la santé." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2P013.
Повний текст джерелаEmmanuel, Evens. "Evaluation des risques sanitaires et écotoxicologiques liés aux effluents hospitaliers." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0004/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe chemical substances used in hospitals for care activities and medical research are generally found in the wastewater. Even if the high volume of generated wastewater by these establishments, ensures an important dilution of the pollutants, the discharge of these effluents in the urban sewer network or in the natural environment generates risks for human health, and represents a significant contribution to the general contamination of the environment, and more particularly of the aquatic environments. The most important pollutants present in hospital wastewater are pathogenic microorganism, organohalogen compounds, such as the AOX (halogenated organic compounds adsorbable on activated carbon), radioisotopes , detergents and pharmaceuticals. The aims of this study was to develop a methodology for human health and ecotoxicological risks’ assessment of hospital wastewater. Two frameworks have been implemented: (i) for human health risk assessment and management of hospital effluents discharging via septic tanks, into a karstic formation where the water resources are exploited for drinking water. Chemical and microbiological health human risks were quantitatively characterized. These results require to be verified by epidemiological studies. (ii) For ecotoxicological risk assessment and management of the hospital effluents rejected into a wastewater treatment plant, then in the natural aquatic ecosystem. The scenario allows to a semi-quantitative risk characterization. It needs to be improved on some aspects, particularly those linked: to long term toxicity assessment on target organisms
Ponge, Rémy. "Pour ne plus perdre son esprit au travail. Sociologie historique d'une préoccupation syndicale pour la santé des travailleurs-ses (1884-2007)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV047.
Повний текст джерелаStress, burn-out, depression or even "psychosocial risks" are all categories which today serve to designate the multiple forms of psychological suffering linked to professional activity. The ills of the mind, however, are not a recent phenomenon. On the contrary, they have taken on forms and meanings that vary throughout history.So what about work? From when, under what circumstances and for what reasons could he be apprehended as a source of psychological suffering? How were these sufferings denounced? On the contrary, how can we explain the social invisibility of the effects of work on workers' mental health? What role did the trade unions, responsible for representing and defending employees and their health, play in this story? Today, we have few answers to these questions. It is this history that this thesis wishes to trace from a particular attention to trade union organizations. Trade unionists, as workers' representatives, are called upon to play a leading role in safeguarding their health and improving their working conditions. Our research focuses on the activity of two trade union confederations, the CGT and the CFDT, with different origins, history and political positioning and in the trade union field. We pay particular attention to the role played by the confederal counselors, the actors in charge of implementing confederal policies.Both the CFDT and the CGT have never abandoned the field of working conditions, on which permanent staff have always been in charge. However, this subject, often carried by militants with atypical trajectories and profiles in the trade union space, has only rarely been a political priority. In addition, the theme of mental health was taken up by the CGT in 1954 and by the CFDT ten years later. Nevertheless, it was the subject of intermittent management until the turn of the 2000s. This thesis thus sheds light on the dynamics and dynamics of taking charge of and concealing the stakes of psychological health, which are linked both to the methods of organisation and division of labour within the trade union confederations, to the careers and socialisation of activists in responsibility and to their inclusion in militant and scientific networks. It situates the practices of confederal officials in the evolution of knowledge and the legal framework of health by analysing their role in the social visibility of psychological suffering and in their trade union care
Noël, Laurent. "Contribution à l'évaluation des risques liés à la présence de cadmium dans les aliments." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21485.
Повний текст джерелаGhozia, Amel. "Expertise et santé : approche juridique conjointe des expertises médicale et sanitaire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. https://www.bnds.fr/collection/collection-theses/le-droit-de-l-expertise-medicale-et-sanitaire-9782848747798.html.
Повний текст джерелаHealth, whose definition is particularly delicate, cannot be tackled by Law without previous ad hoc expertise. Indeed, whenever Health questions Law, but also whenever Law itself questions Health, expertise is at the heart of all these reflections. It provides a lightning to allow the person or the competent authority to then make a decision with full knowledge of the facts. Thus, because health crisis keep on following one another and because the compensation systems of victims because of personal injury are constantly being criticized- despite the various reforms- this study has been trying to achieve a joint approach of medical (medical assessment of injury ) and sanitary ( scientific health risk assessment ) expertises. The aim is to clarify and have an overview of the interactions between law, science, and health on the one hand, and , on the other hand, to have a global vision of the role and importance Law gives to expertise when issues are being raised concerning health in all its forms. The study of procedural and functional organization of expertise on health has been revealed by ambiguities and shortcomings, which, in our opinion, could be solved only when legislators decide upon a pro-active attitude - meaning acting before the crisis- that's why this study proposes to adopt a systemic analysis to improve the whole decision-making process related to health in which the expertise is only a sub-system
Vachon, Julien. "Intégration de la toxicogénomique à l'évaluation du risque à la santé humaine : une étude exploratoire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27611.
Повний текст джерелаHuman health risk assessment (HHRA) must be adapted to the challenges of the 21st century, and toxicogenomics data are at the centre of the paradigm that regulatory agencies worldwide are trying to implement. However, the use of toxicogenomics data in HHRA is still limited. The study aims to explore the state of the use of toxicogenomics in HHRA and to characterise individual and organisational factors that impede such a use. The study was conducted in two parts. The first part consisted in an online survey targeted at Canadian risk assessors. Twenty-nine (29) completed surveys were returned after two months of solicitation. The second part consisted in a scoping review of the toxicogenomics publications on trihalomethanes. The scoping review identified nine (9) publications satisfying the eligibility criteria, and were included in the analysis. Results show that the use of toxicogenomics in HHRA is still marginal, 85% of survey respondents having reported having never used such data in their practice. The main individual factor impeding the use of toxicogenomics in HHRA is the lack of knowledge of toxicogenomics by risk assessors (68% of respondents are “not at all” or “only a little” familiar with the concept). The main organisational factors are the lack of recognised guidelines guiding the use of toxicogenomics in HHRA, and the lack of leadership and support of organisations towards the development of such guidelines and towards training of risk assessors. Results from the scoping review show that the low availability (n=9) and the low or uncertain quality of toxicogenomics publications (3/9 satisfying the essential quality criteria) can also be an important barrier. The results allowed to suggest interventions aimed at supporting the use of toxicogenomics data in HHRA.
Bousoumah, Radia. "Le challenge de l’analyse multi-résidus de perturbateurs endocriniens à activité estrogénique dans les fluides et tissus biologiques humains : Choix de stratégies de préparation des échantillons et de mesure par spectrométrie de masse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0028.
Повний текст джерелаFor over twenty years, the issue of endocrine disruptors (EDs) mobilizes the scientific community and public authorities because of the negative effects, actual or suspected, of these compounds on human health. In particular, the generation of internal exposure data (impregnation) in some subpopulations, which are recognized or assumed as being sensitive (pregnant women, fetuses, infants), is both a priority and a demanding field associated with a certain rarity. Considering their structural diversity and with regards to their physicochemical properties, the simultaneous analysis of a large panel of EDs remains a real analytical challenge. In this context, the objective of this work was to develop a multi-residue method for the simultaneous isolation and measurement of estrogenic endocrine disruptors (13 EDs in total). Firstly, an analysis method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) after chemical derivatisation by dansyl chloride was developed. Secondly, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP with phenolic imprint) was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of the targeted EDs from aqueous medium and biological matrices of increasing complexity (urine, serum, breast milk). The strategy developed on MIP was applied, after validation, to a set of samples (maternal serum, cord serum and urine of newborns). Finally, a column support grafted with estrogen receptor α (ERα column) was applied for the simultaneous isolation of the targeted compounds from an aqueous medium
Gaillard, Aurélie. "Repérer, reconnaître et prévenir les risques psychosociaux : une analyse institutionnelle et économique du cas français." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCG006/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, psychosocial risks (PSR) became a major concern for society by their stakes in termsof public health, costs for companies and workers. In the late 2000s, the Ministries of Labor and Health took up these challenges by initiating surveys, data collection and scientific works. Despite the development of knowledge about PSR and its consequences, the integration of these new risks into public and managerial policies is still very modest.Through an economic, institutional and empirical analysis, the main objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better knowledge of the consequences of PSR’ exposure for individual and for company, and to analyze the role of prevention authorities to reduce the perceived levels of PSR and preserving the workers’ health. The empirical analyzes carried out reveal that workers' exposure to PSR leads to a degradation of their mental health, more sick leave and presenteeism at work. It therefore seems necessary to put in place prevention measures to limit these harmful consequences. An institutional and economic analysis of the French prevention framework establishes the important role of the Health, Safety and Working Conditions Committee (CHSCT) in spite of the limited means of action available
Ghozzi, Mohamed Khaled. "De la communication volontaire sur les risques : Utilité pour les marchés financiers." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090053.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation examines voluntary risk disclosures utility on French market. Empirical studies carried out in this research test short and long term effect between risk disclosures and information asymmetry. Short-term study shows that only operational and interest rate risk disclosures reduce investor disagreements about firms’ risk exposures. Quantitative disclosures are more likely to reduce investor disagreements. These disagreements are measured by transactions volume and seem to be less important for firms listed in the US market in which firms disclose more about their risks. We conclude on the existence of short-term effect of risk disclosures level. Throughout long-term study, we measure risk disclosures level for French market listed firms during three years. We examine the impact of this level on financial analysts’ forecasts. Our findings show no significant relationship between risk disclosures level and financial analysts’ forecasts errors and dispersion. However, disclosures level of reports issued by French firms reduces analysts’ forecasts errors and dispersion
Riachi, Karima. "Compostage d'ordures ménagères et de déchets verts : flore fongique et risques sanitaires potentiels." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE18007.
Повний текст джерелаJahnich, Mathieu. "Le traitement multimédiatique d'un risque pour la santé : étude d'un cas : le problème des gaz d'échappement." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136863.
Повний текст джерелаRecherche sous la forme d'une allocation de recherche. Destiné à promouvoir une recherche
pluridisciplinaire, ce programme vise à renouveler l'approche scientifique des grandes
questions et à ouvrir des perspectives aux différents acteurs urbains, afin de mieux
comprendre les enjeux urbains contemporains, les transformations en cours et d'anticiper les
évolutions futures.
Concernant notre travail de recherche, les attentes de ce programme apparaissent
multiples :
- l'évolution de la médiatisation du problème, sa genèse et sa construction sociale,
- la manière dont le problème est traité actuellement,
- les connaissances et les comportements de la population, face ou avec cette médiatisation,
- les évolutions possibles des uns et des autres.
Nous nous trouvons donc dans le cas d'une recherche dite finalisée avec des objectifs en
tension :
- fournir des éléments concrets permettant d'orienter la politique de communication, avec la
question des liens entre l'information sur la pollution et le passage à l'action ;
- contribuer au domaine des sciences de l'information et de la communication et plus
particulièrement à la communication des sciences et à l'éducation à la santé.
Godard, Mathilde. "Trajectoires professionnelles et santé en Europe." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090010/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis is to analyse the health consequences of career shocks in Europe. It considers two actual career shocks over the lifecourse: leaving full-time education in a bad economy, and, at the other end of the age spectrum, retiring. In-between these two critical periods, it investigates how an anticipated career shock -- i.e. anticipated job loss -- damages health. Empirical analyses are conducted using large European and British surveys. We use institutional features and natural experiments to find neat instruments for causal identification~: the existence of compulsory schooling laws, the cross-country variation in employment protection legislations, the cross-country variation in retirement systems and the 1973 oil crisis. The results emphasise the causal and health-damaging impact of career shocks, both in the short and in the long-term
Nimirf, Jean-Luc. "Les catastrophes sanitaires." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA083574.
Повний текст джерелаFor two decades, sanitary dramas shook the French sanitary institutions and put in light the deficiencies of our device of sanitary security. The State was accused of having failed in its missions ,cause it did not know how to exercise, at the convenient moment, its sanitary police power to protect the health service. Being questioned, the State decided to resume in hand certain sectors of the health service abandoned in the circle associative. From 1993, sanitary agencies were born in the form of public establishment and the device of sanitary security did not stop being perfected. These sanitary dramas put in evidence a dilution of the competences and a redefining of the responsibilities of the actors (decision-makers, experts and administrators) was necessary. The sanitary security became a constituent of the policies of health and the sanitary agencies constitute a new mode of State intervention. The European Union was not either spared. Indeed, in the middle of a crisis of the " crazy cow " the services of the European Commission were reorganized to insure better the protection of the health service and the protection of the consumers. Sanitary agencies were also established in the European plan. The protection of the health service can constitute an obstacle in the international trades. Finally, it is advisable not to darken the major role which plays the world Organization of the health which is the "policeman" of the sanitary security of the planet and, if necessary, the "fireman" of the new sanitary disasters which can appear at any time and in any point of the globe
Maestre, Philippe. "Les agences sanitaires nationales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32052.
Повний текст джерелаTo determine whether the creation of ‘agencies' constitutes in the French health sector one of the most important administrative reforms since the end of the 1980s, it is necessary to identify the legal notion which could unite its different elements in a coherent way. The term ‘sanitary agency' is not borrowed from from Anglo-Saxon terminology but dates back to the law of March 3 1822 organizing the prevention of epidemics. The systemic analysis leads to defining the French national health agencies as public services, all established by law, in order to participate in the sanitary control, as well as in the assessment and in the management of existing or emerging health risks. The guidelines for managing conflicts of interest are satisfactory but the control exerced by the State on the executive directors jeopardizes the autonomy of the agencies. For that reason, the corpus does not really constitute a system. Moreover, since the establishment of European Community agencies, the existence of similar bodies in the Member States has in part become redundant
Crequy, Samuel. "Analyse accéléromètrique pour l'optimisation de la performance et la prévention des risques en cyclisme." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS021/document.
Повний текст джерелаCyclists have always wanted to keep and/or improve their performance. However, comfort is still a determinant factor because of the time spend on the bike. This comfort is especially altered by the coverings and the irregularities of the field generating loads that are often harmful to health. Therefore, the scientific community is interested in the research of a compromise between performance and health. This interest leads it to explore a large amount of tools characterized by the measure of a physical quantity. Among these values, the acceleration appears as a quantity rich in information. It allows to analyse the performance through monitoring of the athlete or the prevention of health disorders by the evaluation and limitation of the harmful effects
Balthazard-Accou, Ketty. "Contamination microbiologique des eaux souterraines de la ville des Cayes, Haïti : évaluation des risques pour la santé des consommateurs." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0122.
Повний текст джерелаProtozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium are intestinal parasites that infect the intestines of many vertebrates. They often generate an opportunistic parasitosis in immunodeficient individuals. These cosmopolitan protists can be found in different types of water, distribution in particular. The oocyst is the form of resistance and spread of the parasite in the environment. Frequently involved in acute and chronic diarrhea in children and adults, Cryptosporidium is a real public health issue in developing countries. In Haiti, Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in surface water and drinking water, including our study site, the city of Les Cayes. After having assessed the level of movement of oocysts in the environment of our study site, we tried: i) to identify the sources of this pollution by analyzing feces of animal freely circulating in the city ii) to understand the presence of Cryptosporidium in the aquifer of the city by the study of soil properties (particle size, testing percolation column, static tests) and therefore the mechanisms of transfer of oocysts from the surface to groundwater iii) to assess the health risk of the population. Of the 129 stool specimens of various species of animals analyzed, the presence of Cryptosporidium coproantigens is noted in 27 by the use of commercial kits from which 17 were confirmed by the detection of oocysts by staining. The soil grain size is ≤ 2 mm. There is an absence of oocysts in the leachate obtained from percolation tests. This result is due to the quality of soil samples and treatments. On the other hand, the tests reveal a static adsorption on the sand of oocysts confirmed by confocal microscopy observation. As for risk estimation, we defined two groups in the exposed population: immunocompetent and immunocompromised. It appears as expected a high risk for the immunocompromised. The results of our work, after all incomplete to assess the real impact of the movement of oocysts on the health of exposed populations, have nonetheless revealed the extent of the phenomenon and allowed us to consider possible remedial strategies to improve the quality of water available to people. For example, zeolites, which are natural materials, are excellent ion exchangers and their use in the treatment process of water contaminated with oocysts can probably generate a significant level of retention
Barbier, Dominique. "Etude du risque parasitaire lié à l'épandage des boues résiduaires : un exemple : l'agglomération caennaise." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN4064.
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