Дисертації з теми "Risk preparedne"
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1
Haynes, Melissa R. "Perceived risk of homeland security incidents: The insignificance of actual risk factors." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/808.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contingency theory, with regard to risk of homeland security incidents and homeland security preparedness, has received considerable empirical support. In past research, risk has been measured subjectively as agency executives' perceived risk of specific homeland security incidents occurring within their jurisdictions. This study examines actual risk, using the objective risk factors of experience with past natural hazards, social vulnerability, and urbanization. These risk factors, used in combination, have been significantly associated with terrorism-related homeland security incidents in the United States, and are used in risk assessment models of natural hazards. Contrary to expectations, the results of this study indicate that objective risk factors were not associated with either perceived risk or preparedness. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
2
An, Gie Yong. "A Social-Ecological Approach to Understanding Natural Disaster Preparedness and Risk Perception amongst Immigrants: A Multi-Method Inquiry." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To increase disaster preparedness in immigrants, risk communication and management need to be tailored to their needs and concerns. To this end, research needs to uncover how immigrants construe natural disaster risks and issues in the context of the receiving community’s social environment, and how their experiences compared to the general population. The goal of this thesis was to understand how risk perception and the social environment relate to immigrants and Canadian-born individuals’ disaster preparedness. The relationship between risk perception and disaster preparedness was investigated in the first study. Analyses of the data from a national survey revealed that both groups shared three core risk perception dimensions: external responsibility for disaster management, self-preparedness responsibility, and illusiveness of preparedness. However, they differed in the salience of five risk perception beliefs. For both groups, external responsibility for disaster management and self-preparedness responsibility were positively associated with preparedness behaviours, whereas illusiveness of preparedness was negatively related to preparedness behaviours. In the second study, the relationship between community social capital and individuals’ preparedness behaviours was investigated. Analyses of two conceptually-linked national surveys revealed that neighbourhood contact and societal trust predicted during-disaster preparedness behaviours in both groups. Interestingly, societal trust positively predicted emergency planning in Canadian-born individuals but the reverse was true for immigrants. To provide a comprehensive social-ecological perspective, twenty-two individual interviews were conducted to explore immigrants and Canadian-born individuals’ lived experiences of natural disaster risks and issues. A unifying thread across five emergent themes showed that individuals did not perceive natural disaster risks as a valid threat and disaster preparedness as relevant to their daily lives because they believed that the positive social environment in Canada would mitigate the risks. For immigrants, the immigrant condition and culture shaped how they construed natural disaster risks and issues. Overall, findings suggest that risk communication and management need to focus on building human capital and social capital, use an all-of-society engagement approach, and reframe all-hazards preparedness as relevant for daily stressors. Specific for immigrants, disaster initiatives need to be tailored to the timeline of experience of being an immigrant within the context of their receiving communities.
3
Pennington, Daniel. "Chemical facility preparedness a comprehensive approach." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FPennington.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security And Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Ted Lewis. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88). Also available in print.
4
Austin, William H. "The United States Department of Homeland Security concept of regionalization - Will it survive the test?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FAustin.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Robert Bach. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-80). Also available in print.
5
Garpenfeldt, Katarina. "Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment : Analysis of a Risk Assessment Process in Emergency Preparedness." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för datavetenskap och samhällsbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-31318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A challenging yet crucial component of emergency planning is to identify relevant hazards and assess their risk level. Within the Province of Ontario, Canada, governmental emergency management stakeholders are required to use the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) process, developed by the Province, to meet legislative compliance. The HIRA process is based on the use of risk matrices and hence faces many of the inherent challenges of this method, potentially resulting in a poor risk assessment process with a low quality outcome. The aim of this thesis is to analyze Ontario’s Provincial HIRA process to identify weaknesses, strengths, and gaps, in order to increase understanding for potential issues related to this type of hazard identification and risk assessment process within emergency preparedness. The Provincial HIRA process will be analyzed, as it is implemented in the Regional Municipality of York, including the Public Health Unit, by comparing the process to six points identified in the literature as potential challenges with the ability to compromise the quality of a risk assessment process. The main focus is on the use of risk matrices although some aspects more generally related to risk assessments have been included. Overall the Provincial HIRA has several weaknesses and gaps. It is evident that the process demonstrates many of the issues that impair the quality of risk assessments supported by the use of risk matrices such as ambiguous input and out-puts, errors, poor resolution and sub-optimal resource allocation. Additionally, a significant amount of resources and access to hazard subject matter expertise would be required to execute the HIRA in accordance with the guideline. Such resources are not necessarily available to the target audience. All these aspects contribute to a risk assessment process that struggles to meet one of its main objectives, to provide the user with a quantitative risk ranking with the capacity to distinguish between risk levels of different hazards. Subsequently the outcome may not accurately support the emergency planning or the decision making process related to resource allocation.Identifiering av lokalt relevanta faror och bedömning av deras risknivåer är en kritisk och komplex del av arbetsområdet beredskap för nödsituationer (eng. emergency preparedness). Myndigheter som bedriver verksamhet inom detta område i provinsen Ontario, Kanada är enligt lag skyldiga att genomföra en ”Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment” (HIRA) process, utvecklad av provinsen. HIRA-metoden är baserad på användandet av risk matriser och står således inför många av denna metods inneboende utmaningar vilket kan resultera i svag riskbedömningsprocess med tvivelaktigt resultat. Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera Ontarios HIRA-process för att identifiera potentialla svagheter, styrkor och luckor i processen och således generera insikt i potentiella utmaningar relaterat till denna typ av riskbedömningsprocess inom ”emergency preparedness”. HIRA-processen, så som den implementerats i York Region och inom dess folkhälsomyndighet, kommer att analyseras baserat på sex punkter identifierade inom litteraturen som aspekter med förmåga att påverka kvalitén på riskdömningsresultatet. Sammanfattningsvis ses att HIRA-processen innefattar många av de svagheter som diskuteras i litteraturen rörande riskmatriser som till exempel fel, tvetydig in- och utdata, dålig upplösning och suboptimal resursfördelning vilket potentiellt medför en riskbedömningsprocess av låg kvalité. För att genomföra HIRA-processen så som metoden är designad behöver användaren investera en betydande mängd resurser samt helst tillgå expertis inom riskbedömning relaterat till de olika farorna som skall bedömas, vilket inte alltid finns tillgängligt inom de organisationen som genomför en HIRA. Dessa aspekter sammantaget bidrar till en process som inte nödvändigtvis når fram till ett av sina primära mål; att skapa en kvantitativ rangordning av risker med förmåga att särskilja olika farors risknivå. Till följd finns en risk att resultatet av riskbedömning inte stödjer den operativa planeringen eller processen för beslutsfattande relaterad till resursfördelning.
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元吉, 忠寛, та Tadahiro Motoyoshi. "災害に関する心理学的研究の展望 : 防災行動の規定因を中心として". 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7534.
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Eriksson, Magnus. "Storskalig utrymning - en fråga om samverkan och flexibilitet : Vilka uppfattningar finns om ett genomförande på lokal och regional nivå i närheten av kärnkraftverket i Ringhals." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för miljö- och livsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36351.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Många svenska organisationer har idag en bristfällig förmåga att planera och förbereda en storskalig utrymning. Enligt MSB:s vägledning om utrymning 2014 anses dagens planering ofta vara förlegad och återföring av erfarenheter sker godtyckligt. Vidare varierar tolkning och tillämpning av gällande lagstiftning. Denna upplevs generellt som otydlig och ansvarsförhållandet mellan olika organisationer behöver tydliggöras. Syftet med studien är att utifrån erfarenheter från internationella exempel och allmänna principer för storskalig utrymning jämföra det med svensk kontext. Hypotesen är att avsaknaden av erfarenheter från att faktiskt genomföra utrymning i större omfattning sannolikt påverkar hur samhällets beredskap ser ut idag. Vald metod är semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes med personer i nyckelfunktioner vid olika myndigheter på lokal och regional nivå i Halmstad, Halland. Materialet behandlades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studien består också av en fallstudie där Halmstads kommun utgör en avgränsning och ett fall att studera. Resultatet påvisar att kunskap och förmåga att genomföra storskalig utrymning är bristfällig eller saknas. Samtliga organisationer som deltog i studien saknar praktisk erfarenhet från storskaliga utrymningar och ser genomförandet som en stor utmaning. Behov finns för åtgärder, dels planering i egen organisation dels gemensam planering med berörda organisationer. Det anses också att det finns kompetens inom organisationerna där exempelvis Varbergs och Kungsbackas kommuner tillsammans med Polismyndigheten Väst har mångårig erfarenhet av utrymningsplanering och övningar rörande kärnteknisk olycka. En gemensam utbildningsinsats, utifrån allmänna principer, med målsättning att skapa en gemensam inriktning och handlingsstruktur för storskalig utrymning rekommenderas.Today many Swedish organizations have weak capacity to plan and prepare for a large-scale evacuation. According to MSB:s guide on evacuation 2014 todays planning is often considered outdated and feedback of experience is done arbitrarily. Furthermore, interpretation and application of existing legislation is varying. The legislation is generally perceived as unclear and responsibilities between different organizations need to be clarified. The purpose of the study is, based on the experience of international examples and general principles for large-scale evacuation compare it with Swedish context. The hypothesis is that the lack of experience actually implementing the evacuation on a large scale is likely affecting how society's preparedness looks today. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people in key positions at various agencies on local and regional level in Halmstad, Halland. A qualitative content analysis was used. The study also consists of a case study where Halmstad Municipality and its proximity to the nuclear power plant in Ringhals represent delimitation and a case study. The result demonstrates that knowledge and ability to carry out large-scale evacuation is incomplete or missing. All organizations miss practical experience of large-scale evacuations and envision the implementation as a major challenge. There is a need for planning, in own organization and joint with interested organizations. It is also considered to be expertise within the organizations, as example Varbergs and Kungsbackas municipalities together with Police Authority West has many years of experience in emergency planning and exercises related to nuclear accidents. A joint training program, from general principles, with the aim of creating a common focus and action structure for large-scale evacuation is recommended.
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Catalino, Joseph. "The Impact of Federal Emergency Management Legislation on At-Risk and Vulnerable Populations for Disaster Preparedness and Response." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/572.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is well documented that in the aftermath of a natural or human caused disaster, certain at-risk and vulnerable populations suffer significantly more than do other population groups. As a result, Congress enacted the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act (PKEMRA) in part to address deficiencies in providing aid to vulnerable populations, though little is known if the PKEMRA has resulted as it was intended. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to assess the impact of the PKEMRA on addressing emergency preparedness deficits related to at-risk and vulnerable populations. The theoretical framework followed Howard's conceptualization of game and drama theory. The research questions focused on the extent to which the PKEMRA recommendations improved disaster lifecycle outcomes for at-risk and vulnerable groups in Orleans Parish, LA between Hurricanes Katrina in 2005 and Isaac in 2012. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews of 5 emergency managers with knowledge and experience local to Orleans Parish, LA. Interview data were systematically reviewed using inductive coding and categorized for thematic analysis. Key study findings indicated that the improvements made to family location registries, evacuation procedures, and disaster resources for these populations in Orleans Parish were not a result of the PKEMRA, but of the state and local emergency agencies without input from the federal government. This study contributes to social change by promoting greater transparency of federal programs targeting at-risk and vulnerable populations, making direct recommendations to use Orleans Parish as a relevant example to address the needs of these populations. Such a review will serve as an exportable model for similar communities across the country.
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CONDEIXA, LUCAS DIAS. "EVALUATION OF CONFLICTING OBJECTIVES AND RISK SENSITIVITY IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS THROUGH STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35730@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
O processo decisório na logística humanitária compreende diversos tipos de prioridades que por vezes estão relacionados com situações de vida ou morte. Neste grau de importância, os objetivos a serem perseguidos pelos tomadores de decisão na situação de um desastre e as restrições do problema devem ser estabelecidos para se alinhar com os anseios das vítimas e com as limitações existentes. Este estudo visa analisar de que maneiras as prioridades conflitantes num problema repleto de incertezas como em um desastre podem impactar o resultado do atendimento humanitário no que tange à sua eficiência, efetividade e equidade (3E). A dissertação apresenta o papel de alguns objetivos e restrições conflitantes (trade-offs) na tomada de decisão durante a fase de preparação para um desastre. Para tal, modelos de otimização estocástica são propostos utilizando-se dos conceitos de desempenho via 3E e sensibilidade ao risco, através da medida CVaR. Os resultados sugerem que a inclusão da aversão ao risco pode levar a um sistema mais efetivo em média. Outro ponto importante é que o modelo de minimização de custos incluindo o custo da falta forneceu uma resposta com melhor desempenho do que na maximização de equidade ou de cobertura de forma independente. Além disso, a restrição de orçamento (eficiência) quando mal dimensionada pode tornar um problema de maximização de cobertura (efetividade) desnecessariamente ineficiente. Conclui-se que a priorização da maximização conjunta da eficiência e da efetividade com restrição de inequidade e sensibilidade ao risco torna o modelo mais preciso quanto ao atendimento das vítimas do desastre.
The decision-making process in humanitarian logistics comprises several types of priorities that are sometimes related to life or death situations. In this degree of importance, the objectives to be pursued by decision-makers in the event of a disaster as well as the constraints of the problem must be established to align both with the needs of the victims and with the existing limitations. This study aims at analyzing how conflicting priorities in an uncertainty-filled problem such as a disaster can impact the performance of the solution with respect to its efficiency, effectiveness and equity (3E). The dissertation presents the role of some decision-making trade-offs within disaster preparedness phase. For this, stochastic optimization models are proposed using the concept of 3E-performance and risk sensitivity, through the measure CVaR. Results indicate that the inclusion of risk aversion may lead to a more effective system on average. Another important point is that the cost minimization model including the shortage penalty provided a better performing response than in equity or coverage maximization independently. In addition, budget constraint (efficiency) when poorly dimensioned can make a problem of maximizing coverage (effectiveness) unnecessarily inefficient. It is concluded that the prioritization of the joint maximization of efficiency and effectiveness with restriction of inequity and risk sensitivity makes a model more precise as regards the care of the disaster victims.
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Longo, Christina. "Individual Risk Perceptions of Flooding: Evaluating the Associations between Experience, Perceptions, and Preparedness." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1302232048.
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Oginski, Pawel, and Rockie Ssengonzi. "Effective Adaptation to Global and Humanitarian Challenges." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Problem If current trends in disasters are anything to go by, we can expect more complex disasters in the future as a population, perhaps already weakened by conflict, climate or disease, is hit by a natural disaster. This then requires a multifaceted and complex intervention of humanitarian actors. Therefore, the adaptations increasingly require identification of themes to mitigate the complex vulnerabilities that come with these challenges like reforms, collaboration and specialization of tasks between humanitarian organizations inter alia. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to identify the underlying factors that lead to global and humanitarian challenges in order to suggest effective adaptations to address them in the preparedness phase. Methodology The paper takes a qualitative approach, adopting a phenomenological research. In depth interviews are used to identify the most outstanding themes and patterns in sync with the humanitarian challenges and adaptations identifies in the AlertNet Poll (2011) and DARA humanitarian response index (2011). The themes are used to narrate solutions to the research questions Findings The results suggest that the adaptations identified in the reports regulate humanitarian and global challenges. The humanitarian challenges effective adaptations to overcome these challenges have been identified but not limited to collaboration of humanitarian logistics actors, emphasis on preparedness and disaster risk reduction and the unification of relief and developmental policies and frameworks to ensure long term planning and assessment of disasters Conclusion The research concludes that disaster risk reduction and preparedness, humanitarian logistics reforms and collaboration in all humanitarian aspects are the most effective adaptation to the global and humanitarian challenges. If current trends in disasters are anything to go by, we can expect more complex disasters in the future as a population, perhaps already weakened by conflict, climate or disease, is hit by a natural disaster. This then requires a multifaceted and complex intervention of humanitarian actors. Therefore, the adaptations increasingly require identification of themes to mitigate the complex vulnerabilities that come with these challenges like reforms, collaboration and specialization of tasks between humanitarian organizations inter alia. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to identify the underlying factors that lead to global and humanitarian challenges in order to suggest effective adaptations to address them in the preparedness phase. Methodology The paper takes a qualitative approach, adopting a phenomenological research. In depth interviews are used to identify the most outstanding themes and patterns in sync with the humanitarian challenges and adaptations identifies in the AlertNet Poll (2011) and DARA humanitarian response index (2011). The themes are used to narrate solutions to the research questions Findings The results suggest that the adaptations identified in the reports regulate humanitarian and global challenges. The humanitarian challenges effective adaptations to overcome these challenges have been identified but not limited to collaboration of humanitarian logistics actors, emphasis on preparedness and disaster risk reduction and the unification of relief and developmental policies and frameworks to ensure long term planning and assessment of disasters Conclusion The research concludes that disaster risk reduction and preparedness, humanitarian logistics reforms and collaboration in all humanitarian aspects are the most effective adaptation to the global and humanitarian challenges.
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Kimura, Naoko. "Research on the Correlation between Disaster Preparedness and Ecosystem Conservation - Toward Building a Culture of Disaster Risk Reduction for Local Sustainability." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/254530.
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Boyd, Ambrosia, and Ambrosia Boyd. "Do Gaps in Pre-Deployment Preparedness Raise the Risk of PTSD for Military RNs?" Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626347.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: Describe the perceptions of military registered nurses (RNs) on being prepared to provide nursing care during a deployment.
Background: Injuries sustained by war are different from trauma-related injuries occurring within the Unites States. Nurses who provide care during overseas deployment encounter patients with poly-trauma, multiple and highly complex injuries; consequently, this type of nursing requires strong clinical skills beyond what is required in stateside facilities. Additionally, military nurses undergo intense stress related to overseas deployment in a war zone. In fact, military medical providers have one of the highest rates of post-traumatic stress post-deployment.
Methods: This project employed a qualitative, case study approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with military RNs who worked as nurses during overseas deployment. A script was developed to guide the interview, and further discussion stemmed from participant responses. Recorded interviews were transcribed into text and analyzed for commonalities.
Findings: Five military nurses who previously provided nursing care during overseas employment participated in this study. Commonalities included the realization that higher acuity injuries are seen in a deployed setting versus a military stateside hospital. Participants also shared fears that they would not be prepared enough to provide excellent patient care. Another commonality was not knowing how to prepare for an unknown experience. A positive commonality was the sense of pride expressed by the participants regarding their military service and deployment experience. All participants outlined what they had learned and what might have helped them to better prepare for deployment. Unanimously, more clinically relevant training was recommended. The participants shared that they had grown and changed from their deployment experience.
Implications: All five participants felt a gap in perceived adequate pre-deployment preparation. They believed they lacked the training to care for the high acuity patients they would encounter during overseas deployment; this shook their self-confidence and caused them to worry about being an effective team member. Military preparedness programs should be expanded to include skills and knowledge relevant to nursing in high acuity, hostile environments. Research looking at the personal preparations, specifically mental and emotional, of military members may be helpful in determining any links between mental resilience and the development of PTSD.
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Pishief, Katharine Sophie. "Community understanding and preparedness for tsunami risk in the eastern North Island, New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2393.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Indian Ocean tsunami on 26 December 2004 made many New Zealanders more aware of the devastating affects that a tsunami can have on coastal communities, and highlighted the need for people living in the coastal zone to be prepared for natural hazard events. The east coast of New Zealand is at high risk from both local and distantly generated tsunami, and Poverty Bay and Hawke Bay have been identified among the most at risk areas from tsunamis in the country. Three surveys were conducted between January and November 2006 to assess community understanding of, and preparedness for tsunami risk in the eastern North Island, New Zealand. These surveys were a camping ground visitor survey; a tourism sector preparedness survey; and the 2006 National Coastal Survey. Findings of all three surveys show that the general public does not appear to have sufficient knowledge of tsunami risk in their area. Also, there does not appear to be adequate information on tsunamis available to the public. Understanding of official tsunami warnings was high amongst residents surveyed in the 2006 National Coastal Survey. However, it was low amongst visitors surveyed in the camping grounds, with the majority of camping ground survey respondents indicating that they do not know what makes up the New Zealand public notification system. It is encouraging to find that overall the public are aware of the correct actions to take in the event of a tsunami warning being issued. Staff in hotels/motels in the Napier area were not well prepared for managing natural hazard events, with the majority of respondents having no training for dealing with emergencies, and none of those who had received training had received training for tsunami hazards. It is recommended that steps be taken to better educate and prepare the public and tourism managers in eastern North Island communities. This will require not only public education but a range of activities that engage, empower and motivate at-risk communities to respond effectively and appropriately to tsunami warnings.
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Gallo, Andrew M. "Risk Communication: An Analysis of Message Source and Function in Hurricane Mitigation/Preparedness Communication." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003281.
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Hennessy, Carrie Olsen. "Monitoring Psychiatric Patients’ Preparedness for Hospital Discharge." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1521494115246141.
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Nelson, Jill M. "Analysis of construction graduate academic preparedness in the areas of safety, health, and risk control." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004nelsonj.pdf.
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Sagala, Saut Aritua Hasiholan. "System Analysis of Social Resilience against Volcanic Risks Case Studies of Merapi, Indonesia and Mt.Sakurajima, Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/88040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第15001号
工博第3175号
新制||工||1477(附属図書館)
27451
UT51-2009-R725
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻
(主査)教授 岡田 憲夫, 教授 小林 潔司, 教授 多々納 裕一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Jansson, Annika, and Emmelie Ericson. "Upplevd risk och upplevd krisberedskap inom barnomsorgen: betydelse av person- och arbetsrelaterade faktorer." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Risk- och beredskapsfrågor är idag mycket aktuella inom olika verksamheter. Studien undersökte hur barnomsorgspersonal i Örebro betraktade risk och beredskap i arbetet samt hur känslan av sammanhang (KASAM) samt arbetsrelaterade faktorer som krav, kontroll och stöd påverkade dessa upplevelser. Studien baserades på enkäter byggda på frågeformulären QPS-Nordic 34+, 13 frågors KASAM samt egna frågor. 53 personer deltog. Resultatet visade att den upplevda beredskapen var god i förhållande till den upplevda risken. Krav, kontroll, stöd och KASAM vara alla signifikant relaterade till beredskapsfaktorerna. Endast KASAM hade samband med riskupplevelser. Personer med hög KASAM och högt stöd i kombination upplevde generellt mindre risk samt bedömde beredskapen som bättre. Höga värden på dessa faktorer bidrar till en tryggare arbetsmiljö och bör således prioriteras.
Risk and preparedness issues are currently of interest for many sectors. This study investigated how staff in Örebro’s childcare viewed risk and preparedness and how a sense of coherence (SOC) and requirements, control and support in work influenced these views. The study was based on polls containing items from the questionnaire OPS-nordic 34+, 13 SOC questions and original questions. 53 people participated. The result shows assessed preparedness as high compared to perceived risk. Requirements, control, support and SOC were significantly related to preparedness. Only SOC was related to perceptions of risk. Combined high levels of SOC and support generally make for lower perceived risk and higher assessment of preparedness. This contributes to a safer workplace and should be prioritized.
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Beyer, Dawn Marie. "Constructing a Cyber Preparedness Framework (CPF): The Lockheed Martin Case Study." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/90.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The protection of sensitive data and technologies is critical in preserving United States (U.S.) national security and minimizing economic losses. However, during a cyber attack, the operational capability to constrain the exfiltrations of sensitive data and technologies may not be available. A cyber preparedness methodology (CPM) can improve operational capability and cyber security. The CPM enables a corporation to (a) characterize cyber threats; (b) determine the level of preparedness necessary to ensure mission success; (c) facilitate strategic planning for cyber security (CS); and (d) establish priorities for CS investment planning and management decisions. The cyber preparedness framework (CPF) underlies the CPM. A corporation's leadership articulates its fundamental approach to risk management (RM) and mission assurance, and determines its target level of preparedness. Typically, corporations utilize the CPF to (a) characterize the caliber of the threat; (b) assess the technical and operational capabilities to counter the threat; and (c) develop the governance and processes necessary to achieve its cyber preparedness level.
The problem that was investigated in this case study was how to construct a CPF for Lockheed Martin (LM) that works in conjunction with a risk management process (RMP). The goal was to extend the CPF into an RMP to construct a risk management framework (RMF) paradigm that can aid similarly large-sized private sector U.S. Government (USG) contractors in implementing the CPM. In this investigation, the author identified the corporate (a) security categorization, (b) cyber threats, (c) cyber threat level, (d) cyber preparedness level, (e) capabilities the corporation should utilize to counter cyber threats, and (f) governance and processes necessary to achieve the cyber preparedness level for a large-sized private sector USG contractor. The results of this investigation were organized in terms of RMP phases. Based on the results, the author constructed an RMF paradigm that can aid similarly large-sized USG contractors in implementing a CPM.
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Sharma, N., P. Couchman, YK Wong, and L. Houghton. "Understanding Preparedness for Information System Disasters in Australian Higher Education Organisations: A Comparative Case Study Approach." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study is to determine how public organisations in the Australian higher education sector develop and validate information systems (IS) risk management (RM) strategies to address possible disasters arising from IS failures. For several decades, various management theories, decision-making frameworks, risk-management frameworks and project-management methodologies have been developed and are widely available and implemented in many organisations. Yet major IS and project failures continue to occur all over the world. Although these “rational” systems and procedures prescribed for IS risk management exist, there is little systematic knowledge – as opposed to anecdotal information – about what organisations actually do to address these risks. The research design for this study was based on a qualitative case study approach using two cases and a structured interview technique involving open and closed questions. The raw data were analysed followed by a cross-case comparative analysis using thematic analysis, looking at similarities and differences that generated various categories. The categories were then used to develop a theoretical model highlighting key findings, which includes four key themes that have an impact on shaping IS-RM strategies to avoid IS failures: level of governance; level of monitoring and enforcement of policies and frameworks; level of conformance to compliance; and level of business and IT collaboration in decision-making. The study concludes by making recommendations for future research. The theoretical contribution from this study is three-fold. First, a theoretical model is developed that can be used to manage risks proactively. Second, the development and implementation of an Information Systems Risk Management (IS-RM) Framework is proposed. Third, IS risk can be minimised through the establishment of an IS Middle-Managers Governance Group, which grows out of the IS-RM Framework.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Kabaka, Martha Nthambi. "Disaster preparedness and administrative capacity of the disaster risk management centre of the city of Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Masters in Public Administration - MPAThe occurrence of disasters around the world has in the past few decades increased at an alarming rate, which has necessitated an urgent need for mitigation strategies. As part of its planning and precautionary measures in responding to disasters, the City of Cape Town(CoCT) established a Disaster Risk Management Centre (DRMC) to co-ordinate such occurrences. This study is focused on investigating to what extent the CoCT’s DRMC has prepared individuals and communities to stay resilient.South Africa lies within a region of Southern Africa that has a semi-arid to arid climate,thereby making most parts of the country vulnerable to numerous disasters. Given the prevalence of the localised disasters in the country, they have the potential to overwhelm the capacity of any affected community. Furthermore, in 2011, the CoCT was approached by the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives(ICLEI) to sign up as a Role Model City for the “Making Cities Resilient--My City is Getting Ready’’ Campaign, in collaboration with UNISDR. It became the first in South African City to be granted “Role Model City’’ status, becoming the second African city to be designated as a ‘‘Role Model City’’.The findings of this study indicate that the CoCT, through its DRMC, has tried to heighten awareness in communities to prepare them against disasters. Another important finding is that there is inadequate involvement of communities in CoCT training programmes. Poorer communities, which are mostly affected by disasters, barely receive any form of capacity building, that is, through training. In addition, the language of communication used in brochures, leaflets and other forms of media is mostly in English and Afrikaans, while the majority of people living in informal settlements speak isiXhosa. The study provides an insight into the need to consolidate strategies to address disaster management
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Gibson, Stacey L. "Individual Emergency Preparedness in Canada: Widening the Lens on the Social Environment." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of this thesis was to reposition individual preparedness within a social environmental context. First, a theoretical model was developed to more accurately represent the social environmental considerations neglected in current preparedness research and policy. A series of three studies tested this model using a mixed-methods approach: First, subjective conceptualizations of preparedness were explored in a qualitative analysis (N = 12). Findings revealed that participants evaluated their readiness not in terms of prescribed activities, but perceptions about their current resourcefulness as well as past local hazards. Participants’ had positive social environments which also reinforced their perceived coping ability in future emergency events. Subsequent thesis studies investigated the role social environment further, using quantitative data. The second study explicitly tested whether perceptions of risk and coping could explain differences in preparedness based on demographic attributes linked to variations in social environment. Data from a survey examining Canadians perceptions regarding terrorism threats (N = 1503) revealed that greater anticipated response was significantly associated with increased age, as well as female gender, higher education levels, and higher income levels. Statistically significant differences in threat appraisals were also reported based on these demographic groupings. However, mediation analyses demonstrated that with the exception of gender, differences in anticipated response could not be explained via risk perceptions or perceived coping efficacy, suggesting that social environment’s role in preparedness is not related to the internal processes often targeted in current campaigns. The third study used a multilevel design to investigate the contextual role of neighbourhood social environment in anticipated emergency response. Results demonstrated that a more deprived social neighbourhood context was related to lowered anticipated emergency response. This relationship was maintained after controlling for significant individual-level factors such as previous experience and sociodemographics, highlighting the importance of neighbourhood social context in facilitating emergency preparedness. Taken together, these findings provide novel evidence that focusing preparedness strategies to primarily target internal processes is misguided, and that future research and policy must position preparedness efforts in the context of existing social environmental resources and barriers in order to build capacity for effective emergency response.
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Caudle, Sharon L. "Homeland security and capabilities-based planning : improving national preparedness." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FCaudle.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): C.J. LaCivita, Kathryn E. Newcomer. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-94). Also available online.
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Nygren, Stina, and Moa Zeidlitz. "Investigating inclusive risk communication in the context of influenza outbreaks : Insights from South Korea and Vietnam." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Utveckling och internationellt samarbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Outbreaks of novel influenza viruses are continually occurring on many places on our planet, with the ultimate and most extreme consequence being a full-scale pandemic. Modern communication technology is widely used for risk communication regarding recommended change in behavior patterns and other precautions in order to mitigate the transmission. However, the assumption and bias that modern communication technology constitutes the norm causes vulnerable groups to be at possible risk of systematic exclusion to correct and updated information. Through conducting a literature- and case analysis, the aim of this study is to identify insufficient or inadequate risk communication efforts in South Korea and Vietnam during influenza outbreaks, especially with concern of vulnerable groups. Further, to analyze how national influenza preparedness plans observe or ignore these insufficiencies. Results show that vulnerable groups are explicitly recognized in the preparedness plan of Vietnam. However, the South Korean preparedness plan show a more homogenous approach. Both South Korea and Vietnam showed a broad variety of channels used in their risk communication strategies which could be positive in terms of a broad outreach to a heterogenous population, including vulnerable groups. Four key factors that moderate the outcomes of risk communication were identified: Channels, Messages, Transparency and Trust.
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Lovekamp, William E. "Gender, race/ethnicity and social class differences in disaster preparedness, risk and recovery in three earthquake-stricken communities /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1212795191&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Pilkington, William F. "Risk, politics, and money: the need for a value-based model for financing public health preparedness and response." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44645.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedOur federal, state, and local governments are not investing in the design and improvement of strategies for evaluating the costs associated with natural and man-made disasters and events. In this era of fiscal conservatism, one of the biggest challenges in designing and funding public health preparedness is deciding exactly how much to invest and determining the impact of those investments. This thesis developed a rigorous scientific model to evaluate the benefit of using value-based tools to enhance the effectiveness of public health preparedness programs. The key question that framed this research was: Are public health departments that use value-based decision-making more likely to demonstrate and document higher levels of preparedness competencies? Although this research failed to demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between preparedness competency and value-based decision-making, there were some findings to indicate that VBDM may be useful in decisions that determine the financing of public health preparedness. The ability to analytically demonstrate the benefit of public health preparedness might prove beneficial in attracting additional public funding as well as private funding.
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Åström, Gustav, and Carl-Magnus Jonsson. "Riskuppfattning och krisberedskap bland personal på gymnasieskolor." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-951.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study examines risk perception and crisis preparedness among personnel at high-schools. The focus is set on teachers and leaders at four high-schools in Örebro municipality, Sweden. The purpose of the study is to examine crisis preparedness and identify factors which influences risk perception and crisis preparedness. The survey consisted of a questionnaire which was completed by 95 respondents. The results show that better information about the crisis preparedness in the schools is needed. Further education is also required, as two thirds of the respondents states that they have not received any training in crisis preparedness. Having personal crisis experience increases the awareness of risks. Being a leader increases both risk perception and the judgement of crisis preparedness of the school.
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Idle, Julian Clifford. "The preparedness and response of the population of Lyttelton, New Zealand, and surrounding areas, for and to hazards." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Small, tight-knit communities, are complex to manage from outside during a disaster. The township of Lyttelton, New Zealand, and the communities of Corsair Bay, Cass Bay, and Rapaki to the east, are especially more so difficult due to the terrain that encloses them, which caused them to be cut-off from Christchurch, the largest city in the South Island, barely 10 km away, after the Mw 7.1 Darfield Earthquake and subsequent Canterbury Earthquake Sequence.
Lyttelton has a very strong and deep-rooted community spirit that draws people to want to be a part of Lyttelton life. It is predominantly residential on the slopes, with retail space, service and light industry nestled near the harbour. It has heritage buildings stretching back to the very foundation of Canterbury yet hosts the largest, modern deep-water port for the region.
This study contains two surveys: one circulated shortly before the Darfield Earthquake and one circulated in July 2011, after the Christchurch and Sumner Earthquakes. An analytical comparison of the participants’ household preparedness for disaster before the Darfield Earthquake and after the Christchurch and Sumner Earthquakes was performed. A population spatiotemporal distribution map was produced that shows the population in three-hourly increments over a week to inform exposure to vulnerability to natural hazards.
The study went on to analyse the responses of the participants in the immediate period following the Chrsitchurch and Sumner Earthquakes, including their homeward and subsequent journeys, and the decision to evacuate or stay in their homes. Possible predictors to a decision to evacuate some or all members of the household were tested.
The study also asked participants’ views on the events since September 2010 for analysis.
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Christensen, Janelle J. "Hurricane Preparedness of Community-Dwelling Dementia Caregivers in South Florida." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this dissertation is to explore how informal caregivers for people with dementia (PWD), who are community dwelling (i.e., not in nursing homes), prepare and plan for disasters. The research site is a particularly hurricane-prone region of Florida, second only to New Orleans in its vulnerability. An underlying assumption of this research is that caregivers for PWD have to plan and anticipate problems that are unique to their role. The rationale for the study described here is that disaster planning and mitigation save lives (Tengs et al. 1995), but there is little or no literature on disaster planning for the frail elderly and their caregivers.
Mixed methods design which includes: 1) participant observation; 2) staff interviews (n=8);3) preliminary caregiver interviews (n=5); 4) baseline chart/disaster plan review (n=290);5) intervention (presentation to staff and administration) and form revision; 6) follow-up chart/ disaster plan review (n=259); 7) caregiver survey(n=253);8) final caregiver interviews (N=15- total number of caregiver interviews 20); 9) disaster literacy testing (n=20); 10) final group interview with ACC administration.
This work documents the way that caregivers talk about disaster planning and say they will do if a hurricane strikes and reflects on their past hurricane experiences. Major findings include gaps in the county run Special Needs Shelter services available in Florida for people with dementia. The response and difficulty that caregivers might face can depend on the stage of the disease.
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Levinstein, Michael. "A CASE STUDY OF AN INTRUSIVE ADVISING APPROACH FORAT-RISK, UNDER-PREPARED AND TRADITIONALLY UNDERREPRESENTED COLLEGE STUDENTS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1531818108726058.
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Persson, Erik. "Flood Warnings in a Risk Management Context : A Case of Swedish Municipalities." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Centrum för klimat och säkerhet (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35336.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a result of the United Nations’ International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (1990-2000), and recent high profile disasters, disaster risk reduction has climbed high on the international political agenda. There has been a paradigm shift from reacting to disasters towards preparing for and mitigating effects of disasters. Among the measures that have been highlighted on the disaster risk reduction agenda are early warning systems. In a Swedish context, there are needs for early warnings for various flood risk types. Municipalities carry big responsibilities for managing flood risks, and early warnings have a potential to facilitate decision-making and ultimately reduce flood losses. The aim of this thesis is to describe how a variety of flood warning signals are used in the risk management process of Swedish municipalities, how they can contribute to the flood risk reducing process, and which factors influence the success of this. The thesis is based on two papers. Paper I is based on interviews with three respondents from Swedish municipalities that have invested in and established local early warning systems. The paper shows that the possible effects from a local early warning system are not only reduced flood losses but also potential spinoff, the occurrence of which is dependent on the well-being of the organisation and its risk management processes. Paper II is based on interviews with 23 respondents at 18 Swedish municipalities, who have responsibilities related to flood risk management, and one respondent who works at SMHI with hydrological warning. The paper shows that municipalities can use a variety of complementary flood warning signals to facilitate decision-making for a proactive flood response. This is however not systematically the case, and is dependent on available resources. The theoretical contribution of this thesis is a development of existing conceptual models of early warning systems with respect to risk management and system contexts, and the use of complementary warning signals.Following the United Nations’ International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (1990-2000), and recent high profile disasters, disaster risk reduction has climbed high on the international political agenda. Among the measures that have been highlighted are early warning systems – for Swedish municipalities who are responsible for managing flood risks, early warnings have a potential to facilitate decision-making and ultimately reduce flood losses. This licentiate thesis, based on two articles, aims to describe how a variety of flood warning signals are used in the risk management process of Swedish municipalities, how they can contribute to the flood risk reducing process, and which factors influence the success of this. The articles show that the possible effects from a local early warning system are not only reduced flood losses but also potential spin-off benefits, the occurrence of which is dependent on factors such as organisational culture and the functioning of the wider risk management system, and that municipalities can use a variety of complementary flood warning signals to facilitate decision-making for a proactive flood response which, however, is not systematically the case as benefits are dependent on available resources.
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Stenfors, Jonas, and Michael Eriksson. "Från risk till hemberedskap : En litteraturstudie kring hur offentlig förvaltnings kommunikationer bidrar till hushållens hemberedskap." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78074.
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Då det svenska omvärldsläget de senaste tio åren blivit sämre till följd av främst Rysslands agerande samt att samhället påfrestats av kriser, likt flyktingkrisen 2015, har bidragit till att totalförsvaret ska återtas. En viktig del av samhällets motståndskraft inom totalförsvaret är att hushåll innehar en rekommenderad hemberedskap för att klara sig självförsörjande en viss tid. Trots en kommunicerad omvärldsbild, ny nationell säkerhetsstrategi och informationskampanjer visar Myndigheten för Samhällsskydd och Beredskaps (MSB) mätningar att mindre än hälften av hushållen innehar en rekommenderad hemberedskap.Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie är att undersöka vad offentlig förvaltnings informations- och kommunikationsstrategier behöver ta hänsyn till under förutsägelse- och varningsskedet för att effektivt uppmuntra hushåll till att inneha en hemberedskap enligt statens rekommendation.Denna undersökning har endast nyttjat granskade vetenskapliga artiklar som identifierats genom en sökstrategi i databaserna Onesearch, Scopus och PAIS. Av 82st funna artiklar har 8st inkluderats i denna undersökning. Då fältet för denna undersökning är brett har en tvärvetenskaplig ansats tagits, detta innebär att hänsyn till olika forskningstraditioner fått göras i analysen. Analysen har genomförts genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av funna artiklar. Denna analys har gett oss ett resultat bestående av fyra huvudkategorier – Avsändare, Mottagare, Målgrupp samt Risk- och krisinformation.Som ytterligare hjälp att tolka resultatet för att finna hur hushåll motiveras nyttjas teorierna ”Relational theory of risk” och ”Protection motivation theory” för att reflektera över resultatet.Resultatet påvisar att den offentliga förvaltningens kommunikations- och informationsstrategier behöver ta hänsyn till att reviderade och aktuella planverk inom förvaltningen är kända på alla nivåer som kommunikations- och informationsstrategierna utgår ifrån. Strategierna behöver vidare utgå från att målgrupperna som ska nås av informationen är kända och att budskapen är anpassade för dem och den aktuella situationen. Den offentliga förvaltningen behöver tillse att risk- och kriskommunikation sker kontinuerligt så att hemberedskapen upprätthålls och att samhällets motståndskraft är tillräckligt hög för att stå rustad för en oförutsedd kris över tiden.Staten, regioner och kommuner behöver tillse att tillräcklig kunskap och riskmedvetenhet finns i samhället kring hemberedskapen genom kampanjer och att utveckla utbildningsplaner inom grundskola och gymnasium för att en majoritet av allmänheten ska motiveras att inneha en hemberedskap enligt gällande rekommendation.For the last ten years the security situation has deteriorated in Sweden’s surroundings. Swedish society has also dealt with crisis such as the refugee crisis during 2015. To cope with this new situation, the Swedish parliament decided in 2015 to reinforce Swedish resilience toward crisis and armed conflict. An important part of this decision was to increase resilience within society. A major part of the society resilience is that households are prepared to be self-dependent a certain amount of time. However, even though authorities have communicated the new security situation, established a new national security strategy, and released information campaigns, public polls show that less than half of the population has a household preparedness according to the authority’s recommendations.The aim of this systematic review is to investigate which focus areas authority’s information and communication strategies need to address during the prediction and warning phase to effectively encourage households to have a preparedness according to its recommendation.The systematic review has only used peer review articles that has been identified through a systematic search within the databases Onesearch, Scopus and PAIS. The analysis of the articles has taken an interdisciplinary approach which means that we must acknowledge and adapt to the fact that results from the different articles could be influenced by different science traditions. The analysis consists of a qualitative content analysis of the discovered articles. These analyses have shown four main categories, Sender of information, the Recipient, Targeted groups for the communication and the Risk and crisis communication.As additional support in the interpretation of the results we have used the Relational theory of risk and the Protection motivation theory.The result shows that the government, authorities, counties, and municipalities need to see that the level of knowledge and risk awareness needed among the public regarding household preparedness and its importance for the resilience within society is reached. This can be accomplished by information campaigns and through the educational system to make sure that a majority of the public is motivated to obtain a household preparedness according to recommendations.
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Birgersson, Nina. "Det moderna risksamhället: En studie om klimatrisker inom kommunal krisberedskap." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för miljö- och livsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Klimatförändringarna är numera ett fenomen vi inte kan bortse ifrån. De sker här och nu och det råder mer eller mindre gemensam vetenskaplig konsensus om att så är fallet. Med klimatförändringarna kommer risker vi i nuläget har väldigt svårt att förutse och förhålla oss till och därmed påverkas integrationen av dessa i den kommunala krisberedskapen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer det är som påverkar integrationen av klimatrisker inom den kommunala krisberedskapen. Resultatet är baserat på ett antal intervjuer som har genomförts med personer inom kommun och kommunfullmäktige. Svaren har varit mer eller mindre entydiga om att de övergripande faktorerna som påverkar integrationen av klimatrisker inom den kommunala krisberedskapen är vetenskaplig osäkerhet och hur denna förmedlas av internationella organisationer, att det råder en gemensam kunskapsbrist om just de effekter som kan komma att uppstå av klimatförändringarna och det finns även en lägre medvetenhet om många av riskerna. Dessutom prioriteras olika effekter och risker olika högt inom olika kommuner vilket påverkar integreringen av alla risker överlag. Jag har även genomfört en dokumentanalys för att ge ytterligare substans till de resultat jag fått fram.Climate change is now a phenomenon we cannot ignore. It is happening here and now and there is more or less common scientific consensus that so is the case. With climate change come risks that are difficult to predict and to relate to and this affects the integration of these risks in the municipal emergency preparedness. The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that are affecting the integration of climate risks in the municipal emergency preparedness. The result is based on a number of interviews conducted with people working with municipal activities and a Municipal Council. The responses have been more or less clear that the largest factors affecting the integration of climate risks in the municipal emergency preparedness is scientific uncertainty and how this is mediated by international organizations, the fact that there is a common lack of knowledge about the effects that may arise from climate change and that there is also a lower awareness of many of the risks in general. In addition, different effects are differently prioritized which affects the integration of all risks associated with climate change. I have also conducted a document analysis to give further substance to the results I found.
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Ploeger, Sarah Katherine. "Development and Application of the CanRisk Injury Model and a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) to Evaluate Seismic Risk in the Context of Emergency Management in Canada: Case Study of Ottawa, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Approximately 43% of Canada’s population reside in urban centres at most seismic risk.This research creates practical and proactive tools to support decision making in emergency management regarding earthquake risk. This proactive approach evaluates the potential impact of future earthquakes for informed mitigation and preparedness decisions. The overall aims are to evaluate a community’s operational readiness, reveal limitations and resources gaps in the emergency plan, test potential mitigation and preparedness strategies and provide a realistic earthquake scenario for training activities. Two models, the CanRisk injury model and a disaster Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS), were designed and developed to further evaluate seismic risk on a community scale.
The injury model is an extension of the engineering-based CanRisk tool and quantifies an individual’s risk to injury, the number of injuries, and provides an injury profile of life-threatening injuries at the building scale. The model implements fuzzy synthetic evaluation to quantify seismic risk, mathematical calculations to estimate number of injuries, and a decision-matrix to generate the injury profile.
The SDSS is an evidence-based model that is designed for the planning phase to evaluate post-earthquake emergency response. Loss estimations from Hazus Canada and the CanRisk injury model are combined with community geospatial data to simulate post-earthquake conditions that are important for immediate post-earthquake response. Fire services, search and rescue operations (including urban search and rescue and police services), emergency medical services, and relief operations are all modelled.
A case study was applied to 27 neighbourhoods in Ottawa, Canada, using a M6.0 and M7.25 scenarios. The models revealed challenges to all emergency response units. A critical threshold exists between the M6.0 and M7.25 scenarios whereby emergency response moves from partial but manageable functionality to a complete system breakdown. The models developed in this research show great utility to emergency managers in Canada.
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Sufri, Sofyan. "Community Engagement in the Early Warning System to Improve Disaster Preparedness in Aceh Province, Indonesia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/391065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globally, disasters cause tremendous impacts on humans, economies and the environment. In the past 20 years, the world has focused on how to best reduce these impacts through a series of global policy frameworks. The disaster risk reduction and management concept adopted by the Sendai Framework for DRR (SFDRR 2015-2030) in the third United Nations World Conference on DRR (WCDRR) promotes the reduction of hazards against people and the environment. The framework also encourages member countries to enhance their disaster preparedness capacities for effective responses. An Early Warning System (EWS) is an essential component of disaster preparedness and includes four elements (risk knowledge; monitoring and warning; dissemination and communication; and response capability) in order to provide effective and timely information to people at risk. The International Network for Multi-Hazard EWSs was a major agenda of the session on the Early Warning System in the third UN WCDRR. This network was established to strengthen Multi-Hazard EWSs (MHEWSs) as an integral part of national strategies for disaster risk reduction and building resilience in order to support the implementation of the SFDRR and it recognises the importance of involving the community within the system. Considering multi-hazards EWS and explicitly identifying the role of community engagement (CE) approaches is crucial to achieve the effectiveness of EWS design and operation, so as to prevent loss of lives, injuries and to protect the environment. However, the research suggests that EWSs in many settings still heavily focus on a single hazard using technology without comprehensively including all elements or involving the community in the system, leading to ineffective preparedness to disaster response.
Aceh, the westernmost province in Indonesia, is vulnerable to multiple disasters. Although since the catastrophic 2004 tsunami much progress has been achieved in infrastructure, legislation and capacity building for various actors in disaster preparedness and management in the province, inadequate disaster preparedness leading to less than optimal response has continued to occur in Aceh. For example, in the 2007 and 2012 earthquakes, most people did not use evacuation buildings and they fled using motorcycles causing 10 deaths due to panic. As a result, motorists blocked main roads, hampering evacuation processes. Further, during the November 2018 floods, although no casualties were reported, many people (over 210) were trapped, stranded and lost their homes and property because they did not have sufficient time to evacuate due to the absence of effective dissemination of information in advance. There are numerous areas where preparedness could be improved, one of which is in the area of CE in the EWS design and operation.
This research aims to investigate the opportunities and challenges for enhancing CE in the EWS to improve disaster preparedness in Aceh. To achieve this aim, a qualitative approach was adopted, utilising diverse data collection methods: a systematic review of grey and peer-reviewed literature to understand CE in EWSs globally; in-depth interviews with 39 key stakeholders from provincial to village levels including persons involved in disaster management and the EWS operation, and decision makers, Imuem mukim, village chiefs, and other adat stakeholders; discussion with 6 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) in two case villages and reviews of local government regulations, reports and other documents from provincial to village levels.
A systematic literature review of 15 journal articles and 16 project reports focused on research that included EWS elements and community engagement in a disaster context. The review identified a lack of reported CE activities across the four elements of EWSs when examining cases from around the world. Key challenges for engaging the community in EWSs identified through the review included constraints on the sustainability of CE in EWSs due to insufficient technical, financial and human resources; the absence of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for CE in EWSs; insufficient incorporation of CE activities into formal EWSs; insufficient integration of traditional and scientific knowledge in the system; and lack of inclusion, and hence recognition, of the needs of all vulnerable groups in the EWSs context.
The major findings based on the setting, Aceh, are categorised into four areas: (1) existing EWS structure and governance, and roles of actors involved in the system, (2) current CE conditions across the four elements of EWS in the province, (3) enabling factors for enhancing CE in the EWS to improve disaster prepredness, and (4) barriers that can hinder CE in the EWS.
Some of the key issues relating to the existing EWS governance and structure and actors involved in the system include: (1) the EWS management that focuses only on tsunami, (2) an over-reliance on technology, (3) the absence of legal authority of the EWS manager (Pusdalops), (4) the linear nature of the EWS model adopted, (5) various information dissemination interruptions—delayed information flows between actors, lack of media engagement in warning dissemination, information dissemination disruption from and to rural locations, (6) disaster response challenges relating to staff shortcomings—actors being constrained by their internal regulations (bureaucracy); egocentrism that leads to inadequate coordination between response agencies; staff turnover that leads to poor coordination among actors and inadequate skilled staff; limited workforce at Pusdalops in the Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD or District Disaster Management Agency) in Pidie district; and the dominance of military/police in disaster responses.
The other key issues in relation the current status of CE across the four elements of the EWS include the following: (1) communities were commonly involved in government or NGO projects in a few target areas but not across all the four EWS elements, (2) for the risk knowledge element, some communities understand well the risks within their areas based on their experience, (3) most people are not formally engaged in hazard monitoring and warning activities, though they independently monitor and predict some risks through observing natural signs, (4) communities commonly receive information through televisions, radios and the Internet (one-way communication engagement), (5) two-way communication engagement with the community is commonly facilitated by the Radio Antar Penduduk Indonesia (RAPI or Indonesian Inter-Citizen Radio) using “Handy Talkies”, (6) some communities in particular areas were often engaged with short-term response activities such as disaster drills and simulations, but the activities were not formalized in contingency plans, which were lacking, hence sustainability is problematic, and (7) some communities prepare for disaster responses independently of government leadership utilising their own resources and networks.
Further, the key findings identified opportunities for enhancing CE in the EWS to improve disaster prepredness, including (1) improving CE with disaster management and Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) programs initiated and supported by governments or NGOs e.g. TAGANA (Disaster Alert Teams), Search and Rescue (SAR) operation, Public Safety Centres (PSC), Disaster Preparedness School, Community Based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP), and Desa Tangguh Bencana (Destana or Resilient Village), (2) utilising the respected figures within communities and disaster experienced communities, (3) utilising existing local customary (adat) and sharia practices that align with EWS principles and goals, (4) using the existing community infrastructure such as meunasahs (village community centres) and mosques for preparedness and response activities.
However, the identified challenges for enhancing CE in the EWS include (1) inadequate integration of CE activities into formal EWS processes, (2) the weakening of existing supporting practices such as meuseraya, (3) inadequate recognition of the roles of Imuem mukim to maintain adat and sharia practices that align with the goals of EWS, (4) lack of funds to maintain CE programs, (5) unsustainability of CE programs due to the lack of community ownership of CBDRR programs and disaster management infrastructure, and (6) religious beliefs about disasters which hamper CE in the EWS design and operation.
These four major findings concerning opportunities and challenges for enhancing CE in the EWS in Aceh were discussed to draw out the implications of these findings for the Aceh government to improve disaster preparedness for effective disaster response.
In addition, this research provides key recommendations for changes of policy and practice, and future research for provincial and Pidie district governments including Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Aceh (BPBA or Aceh Provincial Disaster Management Agency), Pidie district BPBD as well as other involved agencies to improve the existing EWS structure, governance and the roles of stakehoders involved in the system, CE conditions in the EWS, as well as to enhance the enabling factors and reduce barriers to engaging the community in the EWS in Aceh.
This research is the first study that has systematically examined the EWS elements to understand the opportunities and challenges for enhancing CE in the EWS in Aceh by interviewing various key respondents at provincial, district and sub-district levels, as well as conducting interviews and FGDs at kemukiman and village/gampong level with key respected stakeholders e.g. traditional Islamic leaders, an Imuem mukim, Keuchiks, adat stakeholders, and other important figures based on sharia and adat practices.
While a few of the findings relate to the unique cultural and religious context of Aceh province, others should be useful for other disaster vulnerable areas throughout Indonesia and other developing countries where similar concerns exist about how to enhance CE in EWSs to improve disaster preparedness.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medicine
Griffith Health
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Westerberg, Oskar. "Evakueringsstrategier vid skogsbrand : En teoretisk tillnärmning till massevakuering vid skogsbränder i Sverige." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sverige är, och har varit, relativt skonat ifrån personskador förknippat med skogsbränder och sett ur ett internationellt perspektiv är det få skogsbränder som har tvingat människor att lämna sina hem. Med ett varmare klimat och en förtätning av tätorter kan frekvensen av händelser som kräver evakuering som riskhanteringsmetod komma att öka i olika delar av landet. Litteratur som berör ämnet ur ett svenskt perspektiv är ytterst begränsat och det finns ett behov att undersöka hur evakuering vid skogsbränder hanteras, eller inte hanteras i Sverige. Syftet med studien är således att studera Sveriges skogsbrandshantering när det kommer till evakuering. Detta inkluderar den akuta hanteringen vid skogsbränder samt det långsiktiga arbetet med förberedelser inför en evakuering. Målsättningen är att jämföra den svenska hanteringen med internationell forskning och se vilka potentiella förbättringar som skulle kunna implementeras i Sverige. Studien genomförs med kvalitativ studiedesign och data inhämtas med semistrukturerade intervjuer samt med en kompletterade litteraturöversikt. Det insamlande datamaterialet behandlas med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet av kartläggningen och analysen tyder på att kunskapen och förmågan att genomföra en evakuering vid skogsbrand är bristfällig. Resultatet indikerar att det finns behov för att vidta åtgärder, framför allt förebyggande åtgärder, för att reducera de osäkerheter som idag existerar vid en evakuering. Det argumenteras för att det förebyggande arbetet bör utgå från en risk- och sårbarhetsanalys, där risker och sårbarheter identifieras och bedöms utifrån de lokala förutsättningarna. Risk- och sårbarhetsanalysen bör resultera en handlingsplan med åtgärdsförslag i förhållande till styrdokument, resursbehov samt bör identifiera kunskapsluckor och behov av utbildning och övning för alla inblandande i processen.Sweden is, and has been, relatively spared from injuries associated with wildfires, as seen in global perspective, and wildfires that have required evacuation as a risk management strategy are relatively few. As a result of global warming and a densification of urban areas, the frequency of incidents that could require evacuation as a risk management method may increase in different parts of the country. Literature on the subject is limited from a Swedish perspective and there is a need to examine how evacuation in the event of wildfires is managed in Sweden. The aim of the study is to examine Sweden's wildfire management when it comes to evacuation. This includes the more urgent handling of wildfires as well as the long-term preventive work with evacuation mitigation. The aim is to compare risk management from a Swedish perspective with international research and identify potential improvements that could be implemented in Sweden. The chosen method is semi-structured interviews with a supplemented literature review. The collected data material is treated with a qualitative content analysis. The result of the analysis indicates that the knowledge and ability to carry out an evacuation in the event of a wildfire is inadequate. The results indicate that there is a need to take preventive measures to reduce the uncertainties that are currently associated with an evacuation from wildfire. Preventive measures should be based on a risk and vulnerability analysis, where risks and vulnerabilities are identified, and probability and consequence are assessed based on the local conditions. The risk and vulnerability analysis should result in a management plan with proposed measures, related to policies, resources, and identify gaps in knowledge and the need for education and training for everyone involved in the process.
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Gowan, Monica Elizabeth. "Self-Management of Disaster Risk and Uncertainty: The Role of Preventive Health in Building Disaster Resilience." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences Centre, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the great challenges facing human systems today is how to prepare for, manage, and adapt successfully to the profound and rapid changes wreaked by disasters. Wellington, New Zealand, is a capital city at significant risk of devastating earthquake and tsunami, potentially requiring mass evacuations with little or short notice. Subsequent hardship and suffering due to widespread property damage and infrastructure failure could cause large areas of the Wellington Region to become uninhabitable for weeks to months.
Previous research has shown that positive health and well-being are associated with disaster-resilient outcomes. Preventing adverse outcomes before disaster strikes, through developing strengths-based skill sets in health-protective attitudes and behaviours, is increasingly advocated in disaster research, practise, and management. This study hypothesised that well-being constructs involving an affective heuristic play vital roles in pathways to resilience as proximal determinants of health-protective behaviours. Specifically, this study examined the importance of health-related quality of life and subjective well-being in motivating evacuation preparedness, measured in a community sample (n=695) drawn from the general adult population of Wellington’s isolated eastern suburbs.
Using a quantitative epidemiological approach, the study measured the prevalence of key quality of life indicators (physical and mental health, emotional well-being or “Sense of Coherence”, spiritual well-being, social well-being, and life satisfaction) using validated psychometric scales; analysed the strengths of association between these indicators and the level of evacuation preparedness at categorical and continuous levels of measurement; and tested the predictive power of the model to explain the variance in evacuation preparedness activity. This is the first study known to examine multi-dimensional positive health and global well-being as resilient processes for engaging in evacuation preparedness behaviour.
A cross-sectional study design and quantitative survey were used to collect self-report data on the study variables; a postal questionnaire was fielded between November 2008 and March 2009 to a sampling frame developed through multi-stage cluster randomisation. The survey response rate was 28.5%, yielding a margin of error of +/- 3.8% with 95% confidence and 80% statistical power to detect a true correlation coefficient of 0.11 or greater.
In addition to the primary study variables, data were collected on demographic and ancillary variables relating to contextual factors in the physical environment (risk perception of physical and personal vulnerability to disaster) and the social environment (through the construct of self-determination), and other measures of disaster preparedness. These data are reserved for future analyses.
Results of correlational and regression analyses for the primary study variables show that Wellingtonians are highly individualistic in how their well-being influences their preparedness, and a majority are taking inadequate action to build their resilience to future disaster from earthquake- or tsunami-triggered evacuation. At a population level, the conceptual multi-dimensional model of health-related quality of life and global well-being tested in this study shows a positive association with evacuation preparedness at statistically significant levels. However, it must be emphasised that the strength of this relationship is weak, accounting for only 5-7% of the variability in evacuation preparedness.
No single dimension of health-related quality of life or well-being stands out as a strong predictor of preparedness. The strongest associations for preparedness are in a positive direction for spiritual well-being, emotional well-being, and life satisfaction; all involve a sense of existential meaningfulness. Spiritual well-being is the only quality of life variable making a statistically significant unique contribution to explaining the variance observed in the regression models. Physical health status is weakly associated with preparedness in a negative direction at a continuous level of measurement. No association was found at statistically significant levels for mental health status and social well-being. These findings indicate that engaging in evacuation preparedness is a very complex, holistic, yet individualised decision-making process, and likely involves highly subjective considerations for what is personally relevant. Gender is not a factor. Those 18-24 years of age are least likely to prepare and evacuation preparedness increases with age.
Multidimensional health and global well-being are important constructs to consider in disaster resilience for both pre-event and post-event timeframes. This work indicates a need for promoting self-management of risk and building resilience by incorporating a sense of personal meaning and importance into preparedness actions, and for future research into further understanding preparedness motivations.
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Chung, Alexander Quoc Huy. "Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning: A Value-Based Approach to Preparing Coastal Communities for Sea Level Rise." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31446.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Extreme weather events have become a common occurrence and coastal communities are adversely affected by it. Studies have shown that the changing climate has increased the frequency and severity of storms, surging sea levels, and floods, as was seen with Hurricane Sandy (2012) and Typhoon Haiyan (2013). The need to be proactive in preparing for these events, as a means of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, is evident. This study focuses on the formal definition, measurement and simulation of coastal community preparedness and response to severe storm events. Preparedness and response requires resources, emergency plans, informed decision making and the ability to cope with unexpected events. A suite of preparedness indicators is developed using a three level hierarchical framework in the construction of a coastal community preparedness index to evaluate resources and plans. Informed decision making for emergency management personnel in the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) is evaluated through a table-top exercise using a five-phase approach. Lastly, decision making with risk is introduced with a storm decision making simulation model. This study is applied to the case of the breakwater failure in the coastal community of Little Anse, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.
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Brown, Tyra L. "The Next Disaster... Will Be Televised| An Exploratory Qualitative Media Analysis of Hurricane Preparedness in Television Newscasts." Thesis, Nova Southeastern University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10264499.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Major hurricane landfalls are the most dangerous natural hazard threats experienced in the U.S. Television news is a primary sources of hurricane hazard information and has the ability to influence what viewers understand about and how they respond to these events. While it is understood that media plays a central role in communicating weather, it is unknown whether or not news media content communicates the recommended hurricane hazard adjustments that are needed for preparedness and protection. Thus this study supports prior research calling for a closer examination of the role and effects of visual information in media documents. Using the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, the present research employs qualitative media analysis to explore the framing of hurricane preparedness through television newscasts covering Hurricane Katrina from August 23-29, 2005. Key findings from this study suggest that there are five common frames through which hurricane information is presented to viewers of the national news broadcasts surveyed in this study. Preparedness information was found to be mainly represented through visual content but sparsely mentioned in reporting. The study also found that more often visuals were used to aid story development instead of provide educational or instructional messages that model the adoption of hazard adjustments and have the potential to motivate protective actions and behaviors by helping to increase self-efficacy. The present study concludes by discussing underlying aspects of conflict present within the media frames and offering recommendations for better integration of media content into risk communication campaigns for severe weather.
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CARLSSON, FANNY, and GUSTAV MELANDER. "Risk and Vulnerability Analysis Management for Increased Crisis Preparedness and Resilience : A Qualitative Case Study on the Importance of a Systematized Workflow within the Swedish Healthcare." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301283.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Risk and vulnerability analysis (RVA) is a widely used method to assess an organization's threat situation. Certain actors are obliged by law to perform the analysis to contribute to a national threat assessment. Among these are actors in the healthcare system. This study aims to understand how a systematized workflow for RVA can increase crisis preparedness and resilience within Swedish healthcare. In this context, a systematized workflow is defined as a systematic and uniform method within a designated digital tool to facilitate the analysis. To understand how a systematized workflow could increase crisis preparedness and resilience, four semi-structured interviews were held with knowledgeable people within the area from different levels of the national risk and vulnerability chain. Further recurring meetings with people directly involved in such improvemenet work from AFRY were held, along with a review of existing literature. The result shows several challenges regarding RVA-related work; it is time-consuming, complex, resource-intensive, and lacks proper guidance in how it should be done. It shows a need for a better process, both in how they are performed and how the results are analyzed. It is concluded that a systematized workflow for risk and vulnerability analysis could increase crisis preparedness and resilience within Swedish healthcare. Having a designated tool with a set process, clear instructions, definitions, and guidelines would make RVAs easier to conduct and generate better outcomes regarding several aspects. Identifying essential dependencies would be facilitated for actors within the healthcare sector, which forms the basis to sustain those dependencies if a crisis occurs. Further, uniformly structured results would facilitate the analysis of results to make a nationwide risk assessment. In turn, this would probably increase crisis preparedness and resilience within the healthcare sector and several others.Risk och sårbarhetsanalyser (RSA) är en utbredd metod för att värdera en organisations hotbild. Vissa aktörer är skyldiga enligt lag att genomföra analysen för att bidra till en nationell sammanställning av landets risker, varav skjukhussystemet är en av dessa. Denna studie ämnar att förstå hur ett systematiskt arbetsflöde för RSA kan bidra till ökad krisberedskap och resiliens inom svensk sjukvård. Genom denna rapport definieras ett systematiskt arbetssätt som en systematiserad och enhetlig metod i ett dedikerat digitalt verktyg för att underlätta analysen. För att förstå hur ett systematiserat arbetssätt kan öka krisberedskap och resiliens har fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer hållits med sakkunniga personer inom området. Dessa har varit från olika nivåer inom den nationella risk- och sårbarbetsanalyskedjan. Vidare har återkommande möten genomförts med människor som varit direkt involverade i denna typ av förbättringsarbeten från AFRY, tillika en granskning av befintlig litteratur. Resultaten från studien visar på flera svårigheter rörande RSA-arbete - det är tidskrävande, komplext, resursintensivt, och saknar tydlig vägledning i hur arbetet ska utföras. Dessutom visar resultaten ett behov av bättre arbetsprocesser, både rörande hur analyserna ska genomföras samt hur resultaten ska analyseras. De slutsatser som har kunnat dras är att ett systematiserat arbetssätt för risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser skulle kunna bidra till en ökad krisberedskap och resiliens inom svensk sjukvård. Genom att ha ett dedikerat verktyg med en satt process, tydliga instruktioner, definitioner och riktlinjer hade genomförandet av en RSA underlättats samt gett bättre resultat inom ytterligare områden. Att identifiera kritiska beroenden hade förenklats för aktörer inom sjukvården, vilket formar grunden till att upprätthålla dem vid en kris. Vidare hade enhetligt strukturerade resultat underlättat analysen av resultaten för att göra ett nationell riskbedömning. Detta i sin tur hade trolien lett till ökad krisberedskap och resiliens inte endast inom sjukvården, utan även inom andra sektorer.
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Strand, Jagne Frida. "The Back way to Europe : A case study about why young men in Gambia are prepared to risk their lives to get to Europe." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35637.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Irregular migration is one of our times challenge and the news about migrants dying in the Mediterranean Sea seems to be more and more common these days. African migrants are risking their lives migrating by routes through the desert on trucks packed with migrants to get to Libya; this route is called the back way. From Libya they are crossing the Mediterranean Sea in small over loaded boats with the hope to reach Italy. This study focus on young Gambian men who say that they are prepared to risk their life by going the back way in order to reach Europe. Gambia is a small country in West Africa, a country that has been free from violence and war, a peaceful country. Yet the back way is something that is on everybody’s lips in Gambia today and a lot of people, especially young men, are trying to get to Europe through that way. This research is looking into why these young men are prepared to risk their lives to reach Europe; it is showing what it is that make people take their decisions to go. In order to find answers to this, interviews with young men in Gambia has been done and the material have then been analyzed with the help of the push and pull model, the rational choice theory and Charles Tilly’s ideas about durable inequality. What can be understood from the findings in this research is that people migrate in order to improve their lives. They consider the back way only because that is what is available to them since the legal ways of getting to Europe are few and hard to get for somebody from the developing world. The research also shows that your position in the family and in the society plays a crucial part in the decision of going or not going.
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Gaidamavičiūtė, Alina. "Branduolinio tipo ekstremaliųjų situacijų prevencijos ir parengties analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20140128_134340-48273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuotos ir įvertintos branduolinio tipo ekstremaliųjų situacijų prevencijos ir parengties priemonės. Pirmoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu tiriama branduolinės saugos bei ekstremaliųjų situacijų valdymo ciklo prevencijos ir parengties fazių samprata. Taip pat išanalizuojamas technologinio pobūdžio rizikos suvokimas, jos valdymo ypatumai bei branduolinių tipo ekstremaliųjų situacijų klasifikavimas pagal tarptautinę branduolinių ir radiologinių įvykių skalę. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjos branduolinio tipo ekstremaliųjų situacijų prevencijos ir parengties priemonės bei trumpai apžvelgiama Lietuvos situacija, įvertinta pagal tas priemones, atskleidžiamos spragos teoriniame lygmenyje. Trečioje dalyje aptariama tyrimo, atliekamo trianguliacijos principu metodika bei analizuojami žvalgybis,kokybinis ir kiekybinis tyrimai. Kokybiniu tyrimu atskleidžiama Černobylio avarijos prevencijos ir parengties priemonių situacija, kiekybiniu – visuomenės nuomonė apie branduolinę saugą Lietuvoje, žvalgybiniu – specialistų nuomonė dėl radiacinės saugos.Master's thesis analyzed and evaluated nuclear emergency prevention and preparedness measures. The first part is an overview of nuclear safety, prevention and preparedness phases conception of emergency management cycle. It is also examined the nature of technological risk perception and its operating features and the type of nuclear emergency classification according to the INES scale. The second part analyzed the nuclear emergency prevention and preparedness measures and it is given a brief overview of the situation in Lithuania, assessed according to these measures. The third section discussed the research carried out by triangulation method: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research revealed the Chernobyl accident prevention and preparedness measures and identified gaps in emergency management process. Quantitative research analyzed public opinion on nuclear safety in Lithuania. Also experts in radiological sphere have given their opinion about radiological safety measures.
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Munk, Tine Hojsgaard. "Cyber-security in the European region : anticipatory governance and practices." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cybersecurity-in-the-european-region-anticipatory-governance-and-practices(6658eec7-cc61-4c84-9054-ea40cf405ed9).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the nature of cyber-security at the beginning of the 21st century. In the current security paradigm, security strategies based on anticipatory governance have become essential in the management of the constantly changing cyber-security environment. Thus, this thesis aims to understand security strategies and governance introduced in the European region. The increased dependency on cyber-space is visible in all public-private sectors and governmental operations, as well as communications between groups and individuals. As a result, cyber-attacks on public and private entities are increasing. This requires a security framework that is flexible and establishes different types of security cooperation to manage the widespread cyber-risks. This is essential to the development of security strategies, governance forms, practices, and guidelines for enhancing resilience and preparedness towards cyber-risks. Therefore, I am examining cyber-security through the lenses of nodal governance and governmentality, which enables me to understand European cyber-security strategies and governance forms developed by the Council of Europe, the European Union, and the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization. To analyse existing strategies and governance forms, I have used two critical security schools, the Copenhagen School and the Paris School, which cover different aspects of the security agenda. The thesis develops a substantive analytical framework through two case studies, namely cyber-security and cyber-terrorism. The findings in this thesis identifies problem areas, such as the complexity of the nodal system, the legislative lacuna, reliance on different governance forms, transparency and accountability, and types of anticipatory governance and regulatory practices.
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Johansson, Erica. "Det nya coronaviruset, covid-19, och individuell beredskap : En enkätundersökning om hur riskperception kan påverka den individuella beredskapen hos Karlstads Universitetsstudenter." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-77488.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En pandemisk influensa medför en stor risk för samhället där både sociala och ekonomiska aspekter tar skada. Risker kräver beredskap på såväl internationella som individuella nivåer och kan påverka hur stor konsekvensen av en risk blir. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka den individuella beredskapen kring det nya coronaviruset, covid-19. Med stöd av ramverket Protection Motivation Theory som beskriver människors olika beteenden inför en risk och vad som motiverar individer till att vidta en eller flera skyddande åtgärder. Vilka faktorer som påverkar en individs riskperception och hur detta i sin tur kan påverka den individuella beredskapen undersöks i studien. Även betalningsviljan för ett eventuellt vaccin mot covid-19 undersöks. Metoden som används för att undersöka individernas riskperception av covid-19 är en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Enkäten konstruerades till stor del utifrån ramverket och dess faktorer som sägs påverka en individs beteende men också utifrån studiens forskningsfråga och för att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte. Enkäten genomfördes av studenter på tre olika program på Karlstads Universitet. Studiens resultat visar att Karlstads Universitetsstudenter inte uppfattar smittan eller spridningen av covid-19 som något stort hot vid den tiden då undersökningen genomfördes, mellan 24 februari och 11 mars. Detta har även lett till att skyddande åtgärder inte vidtagits i någon stor omfattning för att stoppa smittan eller spridningen av coronaviruset. De skyddande åtgärderna har inte heller, enligt majoriteten av studenterna, uppfattats som effektiva för att undvika smitta eller spridning av covid-19 trots att de rekommenderats av svenska myndigheter. Betalningsviljan för vaccinering är enligt denna studie hög i jämförelse med vad tidigare vaccineringar mot pandemisk influensa har kostat trots att viljan för vaccination mot covid-19 endast finns hos hälften av respondenterna. Slutligen kan det konstateras att riskperceptionen påverkar den individuella beredskapen gentemot en risk och att detta bidrar till vilka åtgärder som vidtas eller inte. Uppfattningen av en risk kan påverka vilken information som tas upp av en individ, vilka åtgärder som vidtas och under en pandemisk influensa kan den individuella beredskapen påverka spridningen av ett virus och därmed ett helt samhälle.A pandemic flu poses a great risk to society where both social and economic aspects are harmed. Risks require preparedness at both international levels and individual levels and can affect the extent of the risk. This study aims to investigate the individual preparedness of the new coronavirus, covid-19. With support from the framework Protection Motivation Theory which describes people's various behaviors at risk and what motivates individuals to take one or several protective measures. The factors that affect an individual's risk perception and how they in turn influence the individual preparedness are examined in the study. The willingness to pay for a possible covid-19 vaccine is also being investigated. The method used to investigate individuals' risk perception of covid-19 is a quantitative survey. The questionnaire was constructed mainly on the basis of the framework and its factors that states to have influence on individual behavior. Also, the questionnaire was constructed to answer the study's research question and fulfill the purpose of the essay. The survey was conducted by students in three various programs at Karlstads University. The study's results show that students at Karlstads University do not perceive the infection or extent of covid-19 as a major threat at the time the survey was conducted. This has shown that protective measures have not been taken to prevent the spread of coronavirus. The protective measures have not been considered effective to avoid the virus or the spread of covid-19 although they have been recommended by Swedish authorities. According to this study, the willingness to pay for vaccination is high in comparison with what previous vaccines against pandemic flu has cost, although the willingness for vaccination against covid-19 is found only in half of the respondents. Finally, it can be found that risk perception affects individual preparedness in a crisis and that this contributes to what measures are taken. The perception of a risk can affect how information is taken up by an individual, what measures are taken and during a pandemic flu the individual preparedness can affect the extent of a virus spread and by that an entire society.
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Braga, Farah Diba M. A. Abrantes. "I need help! I can’t afford it: the interplay of credit beliefs, anxiety, impulsive buying and risky indebtedness behavior in predicting Brazilians’ financial preparedness." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/21940.
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The findings of this research bring out how relevant are personal factors (e.g., traits), buying, and financial behaviors in predicting individuals’ indebtedness and financial well-being, if compared to predictors of debt and determinants of credit limits commonly used in used in academia and the finance industry (e.g., income, debt/income ratio, past credit usage behavior, the number of credit cards, past debt behavior, gender, age, schooling, marital status). Consumer credit has undergone a tremendous increase during recent decades in both developed and emerging economies. Brazil, which has one of the highest consumer credit interest rates in the world, has also experienced a substantial credit expansion, providing credit access to consumers who had never had access to it before, notably those in the low-income group. Both previous experience and the literature associate the access to massive amounts of credit with suboptimal and destructive forms of behavior such as impulsive buying and over-indebtedness. This kind of behavior undermines the individual’s financial well-being. In the context of financial services and the emerging Brazilian economy, this research project proposes the concept of financial preparedness for emergency (FPE), defined as ‘an individual’s state of being financially prepared to cope with a financial shock. This research posits that FPE is a critical component of financial well-being and extending on previous literature framework of drivers and consequences of financial well-being, it proposes an integrative model that investigates the role of consumer credit, money attitudes, impulsive buying and indebtedness behavior, in predicting consumers’ financial preparedness for an emergency. Employing a covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) method to test the proposed model empirically, this study finds that personal factors, buying, and financial behaviors play a key role as antecedents of individuals’ financial preparedness. The findings suggest that individuals who see their credit limits as part of their income or are anxious about money are more prone to engage in impulsive buying and risky indebtedness behavior. Consequently, by engaging in such patterns of behavior, individuals weaken their state to cope with financial shock, which in its turn might affect their financial well-being. This research further finds that the belief that credit limits serve as income does not change the risky indebtedness behavior of low-income consumers. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the number of credit cards, gender, schooling, and age does not play any role in financial preparedness nor any of the model’s relationships. An explanation of the outcomes and various of their implications is addressed in this study. Overall, the recommendations made focus on individuals, institutions, and policymakers and the responsibility of each of these players to adopt sustainable forms of behavior, such as, building credit usage awareness, adopting and regulating tools that better identify consumers’ traits and behaviors that might lead them, and eventually society as a whole, into sound financial well-being.
Os resultados desta pesquisa revelam quão importantes são os fatores pessoais (por exemplo, traços de comportamento), o comportamento de compra e crenças financeiras, na previsão do endividamento e bem-estar financeiro dos indivíduos, em comparação indicadores financeiros comumente utilizados pela a academia e indústria financeira (por exemplo, renda, relação dívida / renda, sexo, idade, escolaridade). O crédito ao consumo sofreu um tremendo aumento durante as últimas décadas, tanto em economias desenvolvidas quanto nas emergentes. O Brasil, que tem uma das maiores taxas de juros de crédito ao consumidor do mundo, também experimentou uma substancial expansão de crédito, proporcionando acesso ao crédito a consumidores que nunca tiveram acesso a ele antes, notadamente aqueles do grupo de baixa renda. A literatura e experiência de outros países associam o acesso a enormes quantidades de crédito a comportamentos não ideias e ou destrutivos, como, a compra impulsiva e o superendividamento. Esse tipo de comportamento prejudica o bem-estar financeiro do indivíduo. No contexto dos serviços financeiros e da economia brasileira emergente, este projeto de pesquisa propõe o conceito de ‘preparação financeira para emergências’ (FPE), definido como 'o estado de um indivíduo estar financeiramente preparado para lidar com um choque financeiro'. Esta pesquisa postula que FPE é um componente crítico do bem-estar financeiro, e empregando a literatura existente propõe um modelo integrativo de causas e consequências do bem-estar financeiro. Esse modelo investiga o papel do crédito ao consumidor, atitudes monetárias, comportamento impulsivo de compra e endividamento, na previsão da preparação financeira dos consumidores para uma emergência. Empregando um método de modelagem de equações estruturais baseado em covariância (CB-SEM) para testar o modelo proposto empiricamente, este estudo descobriu que fatores pessoais, compras e comportamentos financeiros desempenham um papel fundamental como antecedentes da preparação financeira dos indivíduos. As descobertas sugerem que indivíduos que veem seus limites de crédito como parte de sua renda ou estão ansiosos em relação ao dinheiro são mais propensos a se engajar em comportamentos impulsivos de compra e endividamento. Consequentemente, ao se envolver em tais padrões de comportamento, os indivíduos enfraquecem seu estado para lidar com o choque financeiro, o que, por sua vez, pode afetar seu bem-estar financeiro. Esta pesquisa revela ainda que a crença de que os limites de crédito servem como renda não altera o comportamento arriscado de endividamento dos consumidores de baixa renda. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que o número de cartões de crédito, sexo, escolaridade e idade não desempenha nenhum papel na preparação financeira nem em nenhum dos relacionamentos do modelo. Uma explicação dos resultados e várias de suas implicações é abordada neste estudo. No geral, as recomendações focaram nos indivíduos, instituições e formuladores de políticas e na responsabilidade de cada um deles em adotar formas sustentáveis de comportamento, tais como conscientizar o uso do crédito, adotar e regular ferramentas que identifiquem melhor os traços e comportamentos dos consumidores que possam levá-los, e eventualmente a sociedade como um todo, a um bem-estar financeiro sólido.
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Room, Hannah. "En säker dricksvattenförsörjning : Vad krävs för att skapa en robust verksamhet?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85193.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vatten är en av de viktigaste tillgångarna vi har och är en förutsättning för att samhället ska kunna fungera. Det moderna samhället lämnar oss sårbara på flera nivåer där dricksvattenproduktionen hotas av åtskilliga typer av risker såsom vattenbrist, klimatförändringar och krig. För att kunna säkerställa tillgången på dricksvatten måste området förstärkas för att kunna skapa en robust verksamhet samt implementera säkerhet i ett långsiktigt perspektiv. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad det innebär för kommuner att höja standarden inom dricksvattenförsörjningen och det civila försvaret, samt vad som förväntas uppnås av kommunen i arbetet med att säkra tillgången till dricksvatten utifrån regeringens målsättning. För att kunna besvara syftet har studien tagit avstamp utifrån tre frågeställningar som fokuserat på vad det innebär för kommunen att arbeta med att förstärka dricksvattenförsörjningen, vilka målsättningarna är samtriskuppfattningar kring dricksvattensverksamheten. Studien är en kvalitativ intervjustudie med fallstudie som design. Under studien har åtta personer intervjuats som på olika nivåer arbetar med dricksvattenförsörjning och beredskap. Urvalet av deltagare är avsiktligt för att uppnå bredd och djup i material. Den insamlade datan har transkriberats och analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Deltagarna i studien uppfattar utmaningen och hoten mot dricksvattenförsörjningen på olika sätt. De upplever att detta påverkar arbetet med att nå en långsiktighet i arbetet med att trygga dricksvattenförsörjningen, samt att det är diffust vad som verkligen är målsättningen i kommunernas arbete. Kommunernas förutsättningar att kunna bygga upp det civila försvaret och skapa en säker dricksvattenverksamhet bygger på att regeringen förser dem med konkreta riktlinjer samt ekonomiska medel för att kunna ta fram beredskapsplaner och nödvattenberedskap. Att kommunerna ska kunna nå upp till vissa målbilder som skapats på högre nivåer är idag inte realistisktutifrån de olika förutsättningarna de har. Arbetet med att skapa ett starkt civilt försvar och en säker dricksvattenförsörjning kommer att kräva stora resursinvesteringar både när det kommer till infrastruktur, IT och kompentensutveckling.Water is one of the most important resources we have and it is a prerequisite for society in order to function. Modern society leaves us vulnerable on several levels where drinking water production isthreatened by several types of risks such as water shortages, climate change and war. In order to ensure the supply of drinking water, the operation must be strengthened to create a robust operation and implement safety in a long-term perspective. The purpose of the study was to investigate what it means to raise the standard in drinking water supply and civil defense and also what is expected to be achieved by the municipality in the work to secure access to drinking water based on government goals. In order to be able to answer the purpose, the study has been based on three issues that have focused on what it means for the municipalities to work to strengthen the drinking water supply, what the objectives are and also the riskperceptions regarding the drinking water business. The study is a qualitative interview study with a case study as a design. During the study, eight people were interviewed who at different levels work with drinking water supply and emergency preparedness,the selection of participants is intentional to achieve width and depth in material. The collected data has been transcribed and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The participants in the study perceive the challenge and threats to the drinking water supply in different ways. They feel that this affects the work of achieving a long-term perspective in the work of securing the drinking water supply and that it is unclear what the goal in the municipalities' work really is. The municipalities' ability to building civil defense and creating safe drinking water operations is based on the government providing them with concrete guidelines and financial means to be able to produce contingency plans and emergency water preparedness. That the municipalities should be able to reach certain target images that exist from higher levels is today not realistic based on the different conditions they have. The work of creating a strong civil defense and a secure drinking water supply will require large resource investments both when it comes to infrastructure, IT and skills development.
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Mwacalimba, Kennedy Kapala. "Pandemic preparedness and multi-sectoral zoonosis risk management : a case study of avian and human influenza prevention and control policy development across the sectors of animal health, public health and trade in Zambia." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2011. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646545/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Emerging zoonoses have unique consequences for the animal health, public health and trade sectors. This study examined the links between policy. zoonoses, and risk in Zambia and assessed the feasibility of a World Organisation for Animal Health (OlE) risk analysis in informing risk management in this context. The research was a qualitative case study drawing on: in-depth interviews with key informants; informal interviews; documentary review and observation. Snowball sampling was used to select informants directly involved in avian (H5Nl) and human influenza policy development and/or livestock trade policy implementation at national level. A chronology of avian and human influenza policy development in Zambia over the period 2005-2009 was constructed. Policy process and interpretivist policy analysis theories guided analysis. In this resource-constrained setting, external international agendas were found to have considerable influence on policy. National stakeholders initially framed H5Nl as an imminent threat and largely animal health problem. This prioritized the involvement of health and agricultural actors in the policy process and excluded those from trade and other key sectors. H5Nl was a plausible threat to agriculture, and a potential threat to human health, but perceptions of risk presented real economic repercussions for the poultry industry. Despite challenges in coordinating the policy response, the policy process had tangible benefits for Zambia in terms of pandemic preparedness and for raising the profile of the previously underrecognised poultry industry. This study suggests the weighing of both local policy and ecological configurations in assessment of risk and the design of zoonotic disease mitigation policies. While feasible, the merits of an OlE risk analysis in informing policy development in this context would be enhanced by a careful consideration and inclusion of policy processes. An objective and discursive approach to analysis of risk, appropriately communicated to stakeholders, would improve collaboration in disease management across sectors.
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Porcar, Becker Ingeborg. "Alternativas a la incubación de eventos críticos en las organizaciones." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Una mirada al llistat cronològic dels desastres ocorreguts des de la fi de la Segona Guerra Mundial fins als nostres dies mostra una preocupant tendència al fet que accidents molt similars es repeteixin dues o més vegades. Exemples d'aquesta estranya tendència a la «clonació» d'accidents són els del transbordador Challenger de la NASA el 1986 i del transbordador Columbia el 2003 o els terribles abocaments de l'Exxon Valdez el 1989, del vaixell de càrrega Erika el 1999 o del vaixell Prestige davant les costes gallegues el 2002. De la mateixa manera, algunes crisis financeres que van afectar terriblement als petits estalviadors tenen punts en comú, com és el cas de la telefonia Worldcom el 2001, de l'energètica Enron al mateix any o de l'empresa Parmalat el 2003 o la de Lehman Brothers el 2008, per citar només alguna d'aquestes clonacions.
Com és possible que una crisi no generi aprenentatge suficient per evitar que es repeteixi? Podent assumir que les fallades tecnològiques són cada vegada més infreqüents, per què no som capaços de reduir els errors humans? I per què en un món que cada vegada disposa de més dades i de sistemes d'anàlisi més complexos i eficients i que posa a disposició dels gestors programari molt potent i eficient per a la presa de decisions, no som capaços de prevenir millor les crisis i els accidents?
Partint del model sistèmic d'incubació d'esdeveniments crítics en les organitzacions, formulat per Roux-Dufort, conjuntament amb els seus col·laboradors Forgues, Lalonde i Ramboatiana entre els anys 1998 i 2015, aquesta investigació tracta de respondre a les anteriors preguntes mitjançant l'anàlisi del contingut temàtic de les aportacions de directius representatius de diferents tipus d'organitzacions.
Els resultats indiquen que encara hi ha certa tendència a pensar en les crisis com esdeveniments excepcionals i imprevisibles. No obstant això, es va obrint pas la idea que a un esdeveniment fatídic s'arriba després d'un llarg procés de deteriorament per errors no resolts que s'acumulen i van debilitant l'organització. S'ha comprovat que els directius mostren força receptivitat davant aquest concepte. Es conclou que per poder contribuir a la prevenció de les crisis en les organitzacions cal aprofundir en dues línies estratègiques. D'una banda, cal consolidar els canvis revolucionaris que s'han anat produint en les organitzacions en els últims anys a fi de fer-les més adaptables a un món canviant i ple d'incertesa. Per l’altra, s’assenyala que és important dedicar més esforços a recuperar a les persones, els equips i les organitzacions després d'haver patit una crisi. Sovint són els records i les preguntes no resoltes referents a un episodi passat els que obstaculitzen col·locar la prevenció de crisi en un lloc estratègic en el qual formi part de la pròpia cultura organitzacional i no només del Departament de Riscos Laborals.Una mirada al listado cronológico de los desastres ocurridos desde el fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial hasta nuestros días muestra una preocupante tendencia a que accidentes muy similares se repitan dos o más veces. Ejemplos de esta extraña tendencia a la «clonación» de accidentes son los del transbordador Challenger de la NASA en 1986 y del transbordador Columbia en 2003 o los terribles vertidos del Exxon Valdez en 1989, del carguero Erika en 1999 o del barco Prestige ante las costas gallegas en 2002. De la misma manera, algunas crisis financieras que afectaron terriblemente a los pequeños ahorradores tienen puntos en común, como es el caso de la telefonía Worldcom en 2001, de la energética Enron en el mismo año o de la empresa Parmalat en 2003 o la de Lehman Brothers en 2008, por solo citar alguna de estas clonaciones. ¿Cómo es posible que una crisis no genere aprendizaje suficiente para evitar que se repita? Pudiendo asumir que los fallos tecnológicos son cada vez más infrecuentes, ¿por qué no somos capaces de reducir los errores humanos? Y ¿por qué en un mundo que cada ve dispone de más datos y de sistemas de análisis más complejos y eficientes, y que pone a disposición de los gestores software muy potente y eficiente para la toma de decisiones, no somos capaces de prevenir mejor las crisis y los accidentes? Partiendo del modelo sistémico de incubación de eventos críticos en las organizaciones, formulado por Roux-Dufort, junto a sus colaboradores Forgues, Lalonde y Ramboatiana entre los años 1998 y 2015, esta investigación trata de responder a las anteriores preguntas mediante el análisis del contenido temático de las aportaciones de directivos representativos de diferentes tipos de organizaciones. Los resultados indican que todavía hay cierta tendencia a pensar en las crisis como eventos excepcionales e imprevisibles. Sin embargo, se va abriendo paso la idea de que a un evento fatídico se llega tras un largo proceso de deterioro por errores no resueltos que se acumulan y van debilitando la organización. Se ha comprobado que los directivos muestran bastante receptividad ante este concepto. Se concluye que para poder contribuir a la prevención de las crisis en las organizaciones hay que ahondar en dos líneas estratégicas. Por una parte, es necesario consolidar los cambios revolucionarios que se han ido produciendo en las organizaciones en los últimos años con objeto de hacerlas más adaptables a un mundo cambiante y lleno de incertidumbre. Y por otra sería importante dedicar mayores esfuerzos a recuperar las personas, los equipos y las organizaciones tras haber sufrido una crisis. A menudo son los recuerdos y las preguntas no resueltas referentes a un episodio pasado los que obstaculizan colocar la prevención de crisis en un lugar estratégico en el que forma parte de la cultura organizacional y no sólo del Departamento de Riesgos Laborales.
Taking a look at the chronological list of disasters that occurred from the end of World War II to the present day, it shows a worrying tendency for very similar accidents to be repeated two or more times. Examples of this strange tendency to «cloning» accidents are those of the NASA Challenger shuttle in 1986 and the Columbia shuttle in 2003 or the terrible spills of the Exxon Valdez in 1989, the cargo ship Erika in 1999 or the Prestige in Spain in 2002. In the same way, some financial crises that affected common citizen have a lot of points in common like in the cases of the Worldcom telephony scandal in 2001, the energy company Enron in the same year, the failure of Parmalat company in 2003 or that of Lehman Brothers in 2008, just to name a few of these clones. How can it be that crisis do not generate enough learning to avoid their repetition? Assuming that technological failures are increasingly rare, why are we not able to reduce human errors? And why in a world that is increasingly able to use more complex and efficient analysis systems, which makes powerful software assisted decision-making available for managers do we still not succeed in better crisis prevention? Starting from the systemic model of incubation of critical events in organizations, formulated by Roux-Dufort, together with his collaborators Forgues, Lalonde and Ramboatiana between the years 1998 and 2015, this research tries to answer the previous questions by analysing the contributions of representative executives of different types of organizations. The results indicate that there is still a certain tendency to think about crises as exceptional and unpredictable events. The idea, however, is making its way that a fatal event is reached after a long process of deterioration due to unresolved accumulate errors that weaken the organization. Managers have been found to be quite receptive to this concept. It is concluded that in order to contribute to the prevention of crises in organizations, it is necessary to delve into two strategic lines. In one hand, it is important to consolidate the revolutionary changes that have taken place in organizations in recent years in order to make them more adaptable to a changing world full of uncertainty. In the other hand, it would be important to dedicate greater efforts to recovering people, teams and organizations after having suffered a crisis. Very often, memories and unresolved questions about a past episode are the reasons why crisis prevention are not placed at an strategic level, where it would be part of the organizational culture and not just within the Occupational Hazards Department.
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Mårtensson, Moa, and Diellza Durmishi. "Kunskap om en dold barnmisshandel : En kvantitativ studie om socialsekreterares kunskap,beredskap och handlingsutrymme vid barnmisshandel genom sjukvårdsinsatser." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This essay will address the topic of child abuse through healthcare interventions, ormore precisely medical child abuse - which is also called Münchausen syndrome byproxy. A social problem that is quite unusual, and therefore creates complexity. Witha quantitative method, the essay is based on a web-based survey, which social workerson the Swedish social services at the children- and family units in Småland haveresponded to. The questions in the survey processes the social workers' knowledgeand preparedness which will be analyzed by their discretionary space and reasoning.These themes are also linked to Lipsky’s theory of street-level bureaucracy which isused to analyze the empirical data of the study. The results from the essay are analyzedand tested through the statistics program SPSS. The results and analysis show forinstance that the longer the social workers have been working at their units and insocial work in general, the more knowledge they considered themselves to have. Theyalso possessed a higher readiness the longer they worked at the unit. They are morerecon with the term “Münchausen by proxy” than “Medical child abuse”. Regarding guidelines and legislation, they feel uncertain, which we connect to the knowledge-gaps that comes with the social problem. Medical child abuse in the Swedish social services is quite unexplored and with this essay we want to contribute to a betterresearch, to help the children who are victims of medical child abuse.