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1
Feely, Megan. "Changed for the Better: The Modifiable Maltreatment Factors Framework." Societies 12, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12010021.
Анотація:
Rates of child maltreatment in the U.S. have been relatively stagnant since the 1990s. This lack of progress suggests that prevention efforts, which have primarily focused on individual behaviors, have been unsuccessful. Building on existing research, this conceptual paper identifies the need to refocus prevention efforts on changeable and causal risk factors. The Modifiable Maltreatment Factors (MMF), a new framework to classify risk factors for maltreatment, is introduced. Use of the MMF in social work education and child protective services work could increase the understanding of macro factors in child maltreatment and the possibilities of policy change and community organizing in maltreatment prevention.
2
Jackson, Shelly L., and Thomas L. Hafemeister. "Risk Factors Associated With Elder Abuse: The Importance of Differentiating by Type of Elder Maltreatment." Violence and Victims 26, no. 6 (2011): 738–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.6.738.
Анотація:
Elder abuse research rarely differentiates by the type of elder maltreatment involved when identifying risk factors. The purpose of this study was to compare risk factors across four predominant types of elder maltreatment (financial exploitation, physical abuse, neglect by others, and hybrid financial exploitation [HFE]). Data were collected from two sources: interviews with victims of substantiated elder abuse, responding adult protective services (APS) caseworkers (N = 71), and third-party informants; and a statewide database that contained all substantiated cases over a corresponding 2-year period (N = 2,142). Using chi-square (interview data) and logistic regressions (Adult Services/Adult Protective Services [ASAPS] data), significant differences across the four types of elder maltreatment were found. These two datasets provide converging evidence for the importance of differentiating by type of maltreatment when identifying risk factors for elder maltreatment and for the importance of considering both the elderly victim and the abusive individual when predicting type of elder maltreatment.
3
Austin, Anna E., Alexandria M. Lesak, and Meghan E. Shanahan. "Risk and Protective Factors for Child Maltreatment: a Review." Current Epidemiology Reports 7, no. 4 (October 7, 2020): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020-00252-3.
4
Kim, Eun Mi, Sona Lee, Hye Young Ahn, and Hye Seon Choi. "Structural Equation Model on the Problem Behavior of Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010756.
Анотація:
This study aimed to explain direct and indirect relationship between psychological maltreatment, socio-psychological prevention factors, and problem behavior of adolescents based upon Jessor’s protective-risk model and Haase’s adolescent resilience model (ARM). A convenience sample of 138 Korean adolescents was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. Using the collected data, the developed model was verified by structural equation modeling analysis using SPSS and AMOS program. Regarding model fit, χ2 = 151.62 (p < 0.001), GFI = 0.908, AGFI = 0.836, CFI = 0.911, SRMR = 0.060, and RMSEA = 0.10, showing acceptable fit levels. Psychological maltreatment explained 11.5% of perceived social support; psychological maltreatment, perceived social support, and self-control explained 89.9% of resilience; psychological maltreatment and perceived social support explained 53.2% of self-control; and psychological maltreatment, perceived social support, resilience, and self-control explained 39.7% of problem behavior. Psychological maltreatment directly and indirectly influenced perceived social support, self-control, and problem behavior. Psychological maltreatment and self-control were the factors that influence problem behavior of adolescents. The findings suggest that psychological maltreatment must be eradicated to reduce problem behavior of adolescents and enhance their socio-psychological protection factors.
5
Wildfeuer, Rachel, Julia Kobulsky, and José Reyes. "Child Sexual Abuse Recurrence: A Narrative Review." CommonHealth 2, no. 2 (September 28, 2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15367/ch.v2i2.486.
Анотація:
Child sexual abuse recurrence can have a detrimental and devastating effect on victims. Less is known, however, about the risk and protective factors associated with child sexual abuse recurrence. In order to better understand these risk and protective factors, a narrative review was conducted of the current literature. Academic databases, cited references, and reference lists were searched for peer-reviewed research that focused on sexual abuse recurrence prior to age 18 years. The risk and protective factors identified in the literature were organized into four a priori categories based on an ecological systems framework: child, characteristics of the maltreatment, family, and community/social systems. Examples of risk factors at each level were child mental health concerns (child), the perpetrator being the mother’s significant other (characteristics of the maltreatment), parental history of sexual abuse (family), and active or prior child welfare involvement (community/social systems). Only two protective factors were identified, both regarding the family: family social support and a parent believing the child’s report of the initial victimization. There were mixed or inconclusive findings for several factors. Overall, the review indicates that tertiary prevention, including child-, caregiver-, and perpetrator-focused strategies, should be employed to mitigate the risk factors and enhance the protective factors for child sexual abuse recurrence. Further research is needed to address protective factors and community/social systems factors and could, building on this narrative review, involve a systematic review of the child sexual abuse recurrence literature.
6
Aazami, Aida, Rebecca Valek, Andrea N. Ponce, and Hossein Zare. "Risk and Protective Factors and Interventions for Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Systematic Review." Social Sciences 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2023): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12090474.
Анотація:
Juvenile delinquency is a pressing problem in the United States; the literature emphasizes the importance of early interventions and the role of the family in preventing juvenile delinquency. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, PudMed, and Scopus, we included 28 peer-reviewed articles in English between January 2012 and October 2022. We evaluated the existing literature regarding the risk factors, protective factors, and interventions related to juvenile delinquency. We searched articles that discussed reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism in the U.S. and coded them into four overarching themes: ‘family conflict and dysfunction’, ‘neglect and maltreatment’, ‘individual and family mitigating factors’, and ‘family- and community-based interventions. We found that family conflict and dysfunction and neglect and maltreatment were two primary predictors of juvenile delinquency. Notably, higher academic achievement and strong and positive parental relationships were factors that protected against delinquency amongst at-risk youth. Interventions that yielded optimal efficacy in curbing recidivism included family-based interventions, specifically family therapy, and community-based interventions. Considering multi-dimensional factors that affect delinquent behaviors, interventions should consider the influence of family, peers, neighborhood, schools, and the larger community.
7
Morrow, Anne S., Miguel T. Villodas, and Moira K. Cunius. "Prospective Risk and Protective Factors for Juvenile Arrest Among Youth At Risk for Maltreatment." Child Maltreatment 24, no. 3 (February 24, 2019): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519828819.
Анотація:
This study aimed to prospectively identify ecological risk factors for juvenile arrest in a sample of youth at risk for maltreatment. Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detector analysis was performed with data from 592 youth from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect to identify the optimal combination of age 14 predictors of past-year arrest at age 16. Results extended previous research, which has identified being male, having more conduct disorder symptoms, suspension from school, perceived school importance, witnessing family violence, and having a jailed family member as key risk and protective factors for arrest by identifying important interactions among these risk factors. These interactions differentiate youth at the greatest risk of arrest, which, in this sample, were males with greater than two symptoms of conduct disorder who witnessed family violence. These findings suggest that longitudinal and multi-informant data could inform the refinement of actuarial risk assessments for juvenile arrest.
8
Dixon, Louise, Kevin Browne, and Catherine Hamilton-Giachritsis. "Patterns of Risk and Protective Factors in the Intergenerational Cycle of Maltreatment." Journal of Family Violence 24, no. 2 (November 24, 2008): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9215-2.
9
Folger, Susan F., and Margaret O’Dougherty Wright. "Altering Risk Following Child Maltreatment: Family and Friend Support as Protective Factors." Journal of Family Violence 28, no. 4 (March 27, 2013): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9510-4.
10
Eirich, Rachel, Nicole Racine, Daniel Garfinkel, Gina Dimitropoulos, and Sheri Madigan. "Risk and Protective Factors for Treatment Dropout in a Child Maltreatment Population." Adversity and Resilience Science 1, no. 3 (August 4, 2020): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42844-020-00011-9.
11
Chang, Yujeong, Susan Yoon, Kathryn Maguire-Jack, and Jihye Lee. "Family-, School-, and Neighborhood-Level Predictors of Resilience for Adolescents with a History of Maltreatment." Children 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10010001.
Анотація:
Child maltreatment is a well-known risk factor that threatens the well-being and positive development of adolescents, yet protective factors can help promote resilience amid adversity. The current study sought to identify factors at the family, school, and neighborhood levels associated with resilience outcomes including positive functioning and social skills, among adolescents who have experienced maltreatment. Using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, the analytic sample was limited to 1729 adolescents who experienced maltreatment before age 9. Family-, school-, and neighborhood-level predictors were assessed at age 9, and youth resilience was measured at age 15. We conducted a series of multiple regression analyses to examine multi-level protective factors at age 9 as predictors of positive adolescent functioning and social skills at age 15. The study found that mothers’ involvement was significantly and positively associated with positive adolescent functioning and social skills. Additionally, school connectedness and neighborhood social cohesion were significantly associated with higher levels of adolescent social skills. Our findings suggest that positive environmental contexts such as maternal involvement in parenting, school connectedness, and socially cohesive neighborhoods can serve as important protective factors that promote resilient development among adolescents who have experienced maltreatment as children.
12
Campbell, Kristine A., Lenora M. Olson, Heather T. Keenan, and Susan L. Morrow. "What Happened Next." Qualitative Health Research 27, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732315625197.
Анотація:
Child Protective Services (CPS) identifies over 700,000 victims of child maltreatment in the United States annually. Research shows that risk factors for these children may persist despite CPS intervention. Mothers have unique and often untapped perspectives on the experiences and consequences of CPS intervention that may inform future practice. We explored these perspectives through interviews with 24 mothers after a first-time CPS finding of maltreatment not resulting in out-of-home placement. Male partners were primary perpetrators in 21 cases, with mothers or sitters identified as perpetrators in remaining cases. Data were analyzed using grounded theory. Mothers described risk factors or Roots of maltreatment prior to CPS involvement and reported variable experiences with Recognition of and Response to maltreatment. Divergent Outcomes emerged: I Feel Stronger and We’re No Better. These findings provide an understanding of household experiences around child maltreatment that may support practice and policy changes to improve outcomes for vulnerable children.
13
Chao, Shiau-Fang, Chen-Wei Hsiang, Kuan-Ming Chen, Ya-Mei Chen, Ji-Lung Hsieh, Yu-Hsuan Chou, Ming-Jen Lin, and Shih-Cyuan Wu. "Preventing elder maltreatment: Identification of high risk factors from LTC administrative data." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3522.
Анотація:
Abstract Elder maltreatment is a serious problem endangering physical, emotional, and material well-being of older persons, especially those with physical and cognitive impairment. However, detecting the incident of elder maltreatment is difficult and its prevalence has been seriously underestimated. This study explores how LTC use relates to elder maltreatment report, using government LTC service records in Taiwan. A total of 88,633 reported cases in adult protection system in 2019 were merged with 443,952 valid cases in LTC service system. Descriptive statistics were firstly performed to examine the proportion and characteristics of repeated cases in both systems. Linear probability modeling was then used for analyses. 1. In 2019, 3,413 elder maltreatment clients can be identified in LTC service system, accounting for 27.3% of the elder maltreatment cases. 2. Older persons who used LTC service first and being reported as elder maltreatment cases later had a higher prevalence of being discovered by social workers and care attendants. 3. These group of clients also had higher proportion of being reported as neglected by others, abandonment, and self-neglected. 4. Characteristics in LTC service system, such as being older, low severity of disability, high cognitive impairments, low income status, and with a LTC service use record, were related to high probability of being detected with elder maltreatment problems. Characteristics in LTC service system could be effective indicators in discovering potentially abusive situations of disabled older persons. Training and education are essential for LTC service providers to enhance their literacy and ability of assessing elder maltreatment.
14
Touati, Camille Danner, Raphaële Miljkovitch, Aino Sirparanta, and Anne-Sophie Deborde. "The impact of out-of-home placement characteristics with regard to suicidal risk among adult survivors of childhood abuse." Developmental Child Welfare 3, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516103221992777.
Анотація:
Background: Childhood abuse is associated with increased lifetime suicidal risk (SR). Among victims of abuse, children in out-of-home care are also at risk. Out-of-home placement is aimed at stopping further exposure to maltreatment and at providing the necessary security for proper development. Research suggests that placement arrangements may impact children’s mental health outcomes. Objective: The study was aimed at examining (1) the direct effects of different placement characteristics (i.e. age at first placement, number of placements, placement disruptions, total time in care, contact with biological parents, contact with siblings, placement with siblings) on SR and (2) whether these characteristics moderate the link between maltreatment and SR. Participants: The sample consisted of 77 adults (52 women; 25 men; mean age: 26.6 years) who received out-of-home care during childhood. Method: Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (for SR). Participants’ records were used to determine placement characteristics and maltreatment. Results: PLS-PM analyses suggest a significant role of risk (age at first placement, number of placements, placement disruptions, contact with biological parents) and protective factors (contact with siblings, foster home placement) on SR. Risk factors also moderate the link between maltreatment and SR. Conclusions: Interventions aimed at limiting risk factors during placement seem important to reduce SR.
15
Ridings, Leigh E., Lana O. Beasley, and Jane F. Silovsky. "Consideration of Risk and Protective Factors for Families at Risk for Child Maltreatment: An Intervention Approach." Journal of Family Violence 32, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-016-9826-y.
16
DePanfilis, Diane. "Using prevention science to reduce the risk of child neglect." Children Australia 34, no. 1 (2009): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200000523.
Анотація:
Child neglect is the most prevalent and least understood form of child maltreatment both in Australia (AIHW 2007) and the United States (USDHHS 2008). There is a general consensus that because child neglect is multidimensional, no one method will be effective in preventing it. Use of prevention science principles (Cole et al. 1993), which focus on enhancing protective factors and decreasing risk factors, should be used to target families and communities, but be applied in such a way as to individualise and recognise their differences. This paper uses the stages of prevention science to illustrate the development, implementation, and evaluation of a community based prevention program called Family Connections (DePanfilis & Dubowitz 2005; DePanfilis, Dubowitz & Kunz 2008). Implications of this process are considered in the context of recommendations of the World Health Organization for preventing child maltreatment (Butchart, Harvey, Mian & Furniss 2006).
17
Valentino, Kristin, Amy K. Nuttall, Michelle Comas, John G. Borkowski, and Carol E. Akai. "Intergenerational Continuity of Child Abuse Among Adolescent Mothers." Child Maltreatment 17, no. 2 (January 27, 2012): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559511434945.
Анотація:
Among the negative sequelae of child maltreatment is increased risk for continuity of maltreatment into subsequent generations. Despite acknowledgment in the literature that the pathways toward breaking the cycle of maltreatment are likely the result of dynamic interactions of risk and protective factors across multiple ecological levels, few studies have followed high-risk samples of maltreated and nonmaltreated parents over time to evaluate such processes. In the current investigation, exposure to community violence and authoritarian parenting attitudes were evaluated as predictors of the intergenerational continuity of abuse, and the moderating effect of African American race was examined. The sample included 70 mothers and their 18-year-old children, who have been followed longitudinally since the third trimester of the adolescent mothers’ pregnancy. Results revealed that among mothers with a child abuse history, higher exposure to community violence and lower authoritarian parenting attitudes were associated with increased risk for intergenerational continuity of abuse. The relation of authoritarian parenting attitudes to intergenerational continuity was moderated by race; the protective effects of authoritarian parenting were limited to the African American families only. The salience of multiple ecological levels in interrupting the intergenerational continuity of child abuse is discussed, and implications for preventive programs are highlighted.
18
Campeau, Aimée, Shazmeera Qadri, Farah Barakat, Gabriella Williams, Wendy Hovdestad, Maaz Shahid, and Tanya Lary. "At-a-glance - The Child Maltreatment Surveillance Indicator Framework." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 40, no. 2 (February 2020): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.40.2.04.
Анотація:
The federal health portfolio has conducted surveillance on child maltreatment as a public health issue since the 1990s. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is now releasing the Child Maltreatment Indicator Framework, to take its place alongside other PHAC frameworks, such as the Suicide Surveillance Indicator Framework. Based on a scoping review of existing reviews and meta-analyses, this Framework, along with the online interactive data tool, presents child maltreatment outcome indicators and risk and protective factors at the individual, family, community and societal levels, disaggregated by sex, age and other sociodemographic variables. This Framework will function as a valuable resource pertaining to an issue that affects at least one in three Canadian adults.
19
Förster, Katharina, Lorenz Danzer, Ronny Redlich, Nils Opel, Dominik Grotegerd, Elisabeth J. Leehr, Katharina Dohm, et al. "Social support and hippocampal volume are negatively associated in adults with previous experience of childhood maltreatment." Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 46, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): E328—E336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/jpn.200162.
Анотація:
Background: Childhood maltreatment has been associated with reduced hippocampal volume in healthy individuals, whereas social support, a protective factor, has been positively associated with hippocampal volumes. In this study, we investigated how social support is associated with hippocampal volume in healthy people with previous experience of childhood maltreatment. Methods: We separated a sample of 446 healthy participants into 2 groups using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: 265 people without maltreatment and 181 people with maltreatment. We measured perceived social support using a short version of the Social Support Questionnaire. We examined hippocampal volume using automated segmentation (Freesurfer). We conducted a social support × group analysis of covariance on hippocampal volumes controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, site and verbal intelligence. Results: Our analysis revealed significantly lower left hippocampal volume in people with maltreatment (left F1,432 = 5.686, p = 0.018; right F1,433 = 3.371, p = 0.07), but no main effect of social support emerged. However, we did find a significant social support × group interaction for left hippocampal volume (left F1,432 = 5.712, p = 0.017; right F1,433 = 3.480, p = 0.06). In people without maltreatment, we observed a trend toward a positive association between social support and hippocampal volume. In contrast, social support was negatively associated with hippocampal volume in people with maltreatment. Limitations: Because of the correlative nature of our study, we could not infer causal relationships between social support, maltreatment and hippocampal volume. Conclusion: Our results point to a complex dynamic between environmental risk, protective factors and brain structure — in line with previous evidence — suggesting a detrimental effect of maltreatment on hippocampal development.
20
Suppiah, Hariharathamotharan, Dilrukshi Abyesinghe, and S. Jeevasuthan. "Impact of Maltreatment: Psychosocial Experience of Parentless School Going Adolescents." Asian Social Work Journal 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v4i3.76.
Анотація:
The present study examines the impact of maltreatment among the Parentless School Going Adolescents (PSGAs) and their psychosocial experiences in Northern Provence in Sri Lanka. Prevalence of PSGAs’ exposure to maltreatment can be understood considering the size of PSGAs exposed and their experiences, how exposure impacts PSGAs psychosocial development, factors that increase risk or provide protection against the negative effects of exposure, and the types of interventions that can be implemented to mitigate harmful effects. Participants (PSGAs) were recruited from two districts; namely Kilinochchi and Mullaithivu. Participants with recent experiences and had psychosocial distress were examined. 30 cases {[Female=18 (60%), Male=12 (40%)] and [Mean Age=14.7, SD=1.9]}, were recruited using purposive sampling techniques. An exploratory approach was adopted and semi-structured interview was conducted as the present study aims to have an in- depth understanding on various elements of maltreatment experiences. The questions were mostly open-ended and were intended to be used as a guide to explore or capture as much as possible the PSGAs’ thoughts and feelings about his/her experiences. Content analysis was used to identify common themes related to the objective. Twenty two cases (73.3%) were subject to maltreatment by care takers and their family members. The three most frequent types of relationships to the PSGAs were grandparents (9 cases), uncle (6 cases), and aunty (2 cases). Others included cousin (3), and brother-in-law (2). Maltreated by other people occurred in 21 cases (70 %). This included neighbor (7 cases), total stranger (4), friend’s parents (4), friend (2), teacher (2), priest (1) and servant (1). Many PSGAs faced with multiple maltreatment. Maltreatment occurs on the background of caretaker’s dysfunction and sociocultural factors. The findings underscore the need of providing support for caretakers so they can provide better care of PSGAs. Psychosocial intervention should be individualized to meet the needs of each PSGA. Further research is needed to clarify the issues of risk and protective factors in the post-war context in Northern Provence.
21
Scoglio, Arielle A. J., Shane W. Kraus, Jane Saczynski, Shehzad Jooma, and Beth E. Molnar. "Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Revictimization After Child Sexual Abuse." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 22, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018823274.
Анотація:
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread public health problem in the United States. It has been associated with multiple long-term deleterious outcomes including revictimization in adulthood. This systematic review of 25 studies synthesizes research examining possible risk and protective factors that might explain the established link between CSA and future victimizations. Specific risk factors identified included co-occurring maltreatment in the home, risky sexual behavior (particularly in adolescence), post-traumatic stress disorder, emotion dysregulation, and other maladaptive coping strategies. Only one protective factor was identified: perceived parental care. The review also revealed considerable variability in definitions and measurement of both CSA and adult victimization, particularly in terms of how researchers conceptualized age. Many of the studies were limited in generalizability by including only college-age women. These findings have clinical and research implications. Public health interventions working to prevent revictimization among CSA survivors can utilize these findings when designing programs. For researchers, the results highlight the need for standardized definitions of both CSA and revictimization, for well-validated and consistent measurement, and for inclusion of additional population groups in future research.
22
Panisch, Lisa S., Catherine A. LaBrenz, Jennifer Lawson, Beth Gerlach, Patrick S. Tennant, Swetha Nulu, and Monica Faulkner. "Relationships between adverse childhood experiences and protective factors among parents at-risk for child maltreatment." Children and Youth Services Review 110 (March 2020): 104816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104816.
23
Putnam-Hornstein, Emily, Barbara Needell, and Anne E. Rhodes. "Understanding risk and protective factors for child maltreatment: The value of integrated, population-based data." Child Abuse & Neglect 37, no. 2-3 (February 2013): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.08.006.
24
Choi, Karmel W., and Kathleen J. Sikkema. "Childhood Maltreatment and Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 17, no. 5 (July 8, 2016): 427–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838015584369.
Анотація:
Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) compromise maternal and child well-being and may be influenced by traumatic experiences across the life course. A potent and common form of trauma is childhood maltreatment, but its specific impact on PMADs is not well understood. A systematic review was undertaken to synthesize empirical literature on the relationship between maternal histories of childhood maltreatment and PMADs. Of the 876 citations retrieved, 35 reports from a total of 26,239 participants met inclusion criteria, documenting substantial rates of childhood maltreatment and PMADs. Robust trends of association were observed between childhood maltreatment and perinatal depression, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder, but findings for anxiety were less consistent. Examining multivariate results suggested that childhood maltreatment predicts PMADs above and beyond sociodemographic, psychiatric, perinatal, and psychosocial factors, but may also be partially mediated by variables such as later victimization and moderated by protective early relationships. Future research should test mediating and moderating pathways using prospective cohorts, expanding to cross-cultural settings and other disorder outcomes. Treatment and prevention of childhood maltreatment and its sequelae may help mitigate risk for perinatal psychopathology and its impact on maternal and child outcomes.
25
Madigan, Sheri, Chantal Cyr, Rachel Eirich, R. M. Pasco Fearon, Anh Ly, Christina Rash, Julia C. Poole, and Lenneke R. A. Alink. "Testing the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis: Meta-analytic evidence of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 1 (February 2019): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001700.
Анотація:
AbstractIt has long been claimed that “maltreatment begets maltreatment,” that is, a parent's history of maltreatment increases the risk that his or her child will also suffer maltreatment. However, significant methodological concerns have been raised regarding evidence supporting this assertion, with some arguing that the association weakens in samples with higher methodological rigor. In the current study, the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment hypothesis is examined in 142 studies (149 samples; 227,918 dyads) that underwent a methodological quality review, as well as data extraction on a number of potential moderator variables. Results reveal a modest association of intergenerational maltreatment (k= 80;d= 0.45, 95% confidence interval; CI [0.37, 0.54]). Support for the intergenerational transmission of specific maltreatment types was also observed (neglect:k= 13,d= 0.24, 95% CI [0.11, 0.37]; physical abuse:k= 61,d= 0.41, 95% CI [0.33, 0.49]; emotional abuse:k= 18,d= 0.57, 95% CI [0.43, 0.71]; sexual abuse:k= 18,d= 0.39, 95% CI [0.24, 0.55]). Methodological quality only emerged as a significant moderator of the intergenerational transmission of physical abuse, with a weakening of effect sizes as methodological rigor increased. Evidence from this meta-analysis confirms the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis, although effect sizes were modest. Future research should focus on deepening understanding of mechanisms of transmission, as well as identifying protective factors that can effectively break the cycle of maltreatment.
26
Thoma, Myriam, Florence Bernays, Carla Eising, Andreas Maercker, and Shauna Rohner. "Mental and Physical Health in Swiss Older Survivors of Enforced Child Welfare Practices." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2079.
Анотація:
Abstract It is the purpose of child welfare practices to provide a protective environment for minors. However, welfare practices for children and adolescents have also been linked to a higher risk for maltreatment, trauma, and deprivation. Due to such early-life adversity, affected individuals often report a life course depicted by further trauma, socio-economic disadvantage, mental and physical ill-health. Examination of the long-term health correlates of enforced child welfare practices, as well as potential mediators, have previously been neglected in later life. It was therefore the purpose of these studies to examine the long-term correlates of enforced child welfare practices; the associated maltreatment, trauma, and deprivation; and the physical and mental health outcomes in Swiss older survivors (n=132, MAGE=71 years) and an age-matched control group (n=125). These studies further examined the mediating role of socio-economic factors (e.g., education, income), self-esteem, and self-compassion. Mental health was assessed with a structured clinical interview; physical health, self-esteem, and self-compassion with psychometric instruments. Survivors reported significantly more types and severity of childhood maltreatment, trauma, and deprivation than the control group. They also reported significantly more lifetime and current mental health disorders and more physical illnesses. Socio-economic factors and self-esteem, but not self-compassion, acted as significant mediators. Exposure to maltreatment, trauma, and deprivation in childhood and adolescence is linked to poorer mental and physical health in later life. Potential targets for intervention and health-protective measures include socio-economic factors and self-esteem, which were found to diminish the detrimental long-term impact of early-life adversity and disadvantage into later life.
27
Lin, Jiayu. "Protective and Risk Factors of Peer Victimization among Adolescents: A Perspective from Victims." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 11 (April 20, 2023): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v11i.7674.
Анотація:
Peer victimization occurs when inappropriate behavior deviant from the social moral norm is conducted repeatedly, causing detrimental harm to victims. Growing numbers of studies cast focus on the deleterious consequences of peer victimization and the factors associated with it. The current study reviews previous research and summarizes risk and protective factors linked to peer victimization from a victim's perspective with a focus on social resources, psychological resources, parent-child relationships, and the peer selection process. The popularity enjoyed by adolescents is a protective factor against peer victimization, while peer rejection increases the likelihood of victimization. The number of friends buffers peer victimization, whereas quality's role is unclear. Shyness and internalizing problems increase peer victimization, both of which signal the submissiveness of victims in social interaction and thus be viewed as a weak target. A negative family pattern such as parental psychological control and child maltreatment put adolescents at risk of peer victimization by suppressing autonomy and a deficit of functional social skills, respectively. In addition, the dilemma faced by a victimized individual or internalizing adolescent caused by peer selection is discussed, which implies that the group of people is facing more obstacles in building peer social resources, yet they need it more imperatively. Interventions should be further explored and targeted at the risk and protective factors reviewed in the current study.
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Elrofaie, A., S. Stewart, and V. Schwean. "Resilience amid maltreatment and domestic violence: Mediating impacts of risk and protective factors on child psychopathology." Personality and Individual Differences 101 (October 2016): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.128.
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Li, Fenfang, Meripa T. Godinet, and Pam Arnsberger. "Protective factors among families with children at risk of maltreatment: Follow up to early school years." Children and Youth Services Review 33, no. 1 (January 2011): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.026.
30
Cabecinha-Alati, Sarah J., Rachel Langevin, and Tina C. Montreuil. "A Conceptual Model of the Intergenerational Transmission of Emotion Dysregulation in Mothers with a History of Childhood Maltreatment." International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience 7, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1072588ar.
Анотація:
Objectives: Adults with a history of childhood maltreatment report problems with emotion regulation (ER) and parenting, which can contribute to maladaptive outcomes in offspring. The following narrative review consists of a theoretical and empirical synthesis of the literature examining child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and parenting, with an emphasis on parental emotion socialization.
Method: Building upon the literature contained in the review, we developed a novel conceptual model that elucidates some of the mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of emotion dysregulation among mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment. Taking into account risk and protective factors (e.g., socio-economic status, polyvictimization, teenage motherhood, access to social supports), our conceptual model highlights both direct (e.g., social learning) and indirect (e.g., ER difficulties) mechanisms through which child maltreatment contributes to problems with parental emotion socialization and ER difficulties in the next generation.
Implications: Directions for future research and implications for intervention will be discussed with an emphasis on preventing the continuity of maladaptive parenting by promoting the development of parents’ ER abilities in a trauma-informed, resilience-focused framework.
31
St-Laurent, Diane, Karine Dubois-Comtois, Tristan Milot, and Michael Cantinotti. "Intergenerational continuity/discontinuity of child maltreatment among low-income mother–child dyads: The roles of childhood maltreatment characteristics, maternal psychological functioning, and family ecology." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 1 (February 2019): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941800161x.
Анотація:
AbstractDespite evidence of some intergenerational continuity of maltreatment, a notable proportion of parents maltreated in childhood do not perpetuate the cycle of maltreatment. The aim of this study was to identify factors that would distinguish mother–child dyads where intergenerational continuity was present from dyads characterized by intergenerational discontinuity. The sample included 193 children and their mothers, drawn from two populations: 74 maltreated children recruited through Child Protection Services and 119 nonmaltreated children recruited among low-income families. Factors investigated included maternal childhood maltreatment, psychological functioning, and family ecology. Compared to maltreated mothers who broke the cycle of maltreatment, those who perpetuated the cycle were more likely to have experienced childhood physical neglect and multitype maltreatment, and to experience sociodemographic risk, intimate partner violence, and lack of family support. Compared to nonmaltreated mothers who maintained a nonmaltreating child-rearing environment: (a) maltreated mothers who broke the cycle were more likely to experience residential instability and lack of family support, and (b) nonmaltreated mothers whose child was maltreated were more likely to experience sociodemographic risk and lack of family support. Maternal psychological functioning did not discriminate maltreatment groups. Lending empirical support to a diathesis-stress model of poor parenting, these findings suggest that family-ecology related stress, but not maternal psychological difficulties, may create additional burden that will precipitate the risk of maltreatment intergenerational continuity.
32
Kumari, V. "New insights on affective morbidity and childhood maltreatment." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.121.
Анотація:
Childhood maltreatment (physical, sexual or emotional abuse, and physical or emotional neglect, by a parent, caregiver or other adult) is a major problem of global significance. Children who suffered maltreatment of any kind are known to experience a range of mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, psychosis, substance abuse, eating disorders, suicidal symptomatology and personality disorder. These problems often emerge in childhood and last through adulthood to old age. Furthermore, people with a history of childhood maltreatment show a worse-than-usual response to standard treatment approaches to improve their mental health. There is growing evidence that emotional abuse, one of the most prevalent forms of childhood maltreatment, may have the most wide-ranging impact of all maltreatment types on mental health outcomes as it appears to be a transdiagnostic risk factor for several psychiatric disorders, and found to me more strongly associated with development of affective disorders than physical abuse or neglect. There is a need to move beyond simple association studies and shift the research focus on sophisticated multimodal studies to fully understand the psychobiological mechanisms underlying affective morbidity, as well as the protective factors that might promote resilience, in the face of (specific forms of) childhood maltreatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
33
Palusci, Vincent J., and Marissa Ilardi. "Risk Factors and Services to Reduce Child Sexual Abuse Recurrence." Child Maltreatment 25, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519848489.
Анотація:
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with a range of negative consequences for victims that are compounded when it recurs. We used the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System to study a cohort of 42,036 children in 45 U.S. states with sexual abuse reports first confirmed by child protective services (CPS) during 2010 in order to identify children with increased risk for recurrence. A small proportion (3.6%) had a second confirmed sexual abuse report through 2015. In multivariate models, female gender, family hearing and vision problems, other child maltreatment, and other family violence were associated with increased risk of recurrence, while younger children, Hispanic families, and those with substance abuse tended to have less risk. One fourth of recurrence involved the same offender, usually a parent or caretaker. One fourth of cases were referred for any CPS services, which were more likely to be provided for families with poverty, drug or alcohol problems, or other violence. Only substance abuse services significantly reduced recurrence in multivariable models. Those trying to reduce CSA recurrence should recognize that certain case characteristics are associated with greater recurrence, and most CPS services do not significantly reduce CSA recurrence.
34
Gilbert, Ruth, Jenny Woodman, and Stuart Logan. "Developing services for a public health approach to child maltreatment." International Journal of Children’s Rights 20, no. 3 (2012): 323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181812x637091.
Анотація:
Calls for a public health approach to child maltreatment – a strategy that aims primarily to reduce risk factors for maltreatment - have been based on four main arguments. (O’Donnellet al. 2008; Reading et al. 2009; Barlow and Calam, 2011) The right of children to be protected from harm in the first place. The frequency of child maltreatment, which, if all occurrences were notified, would overwhelm child protection systems. The inaccuracy of identification systems, which miss the large majority of maltreated children. And fourth, the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of intervening to prevent child maltreatment comparing with intervention once child maltreatment has occurred. We review the evidence to support these arguments and trace the development of UK policy and health services towards a public health approach.
35
BAYRAK, Nurten Gülsüm, and Dilek EKİCİ. "ÇOCUK İSTİSMARINDA AİLE DİNAMİKLERİNE YÖNELİK RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE KORUYUCU- ÖNLEYİCİ MÜDAHALELER." EJONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING & NATURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 5 (June 20, 2021): 436–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.38063/ejons.436.
Анотація:
The main purpose of the study is to discuss the risk factors associated with family dynamics, protective and preventive approaches in child abuse. In its simplest definition, child abuse, is physical, sexual, and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children. Child abuse has been increasing in our country and in the world in recent years. Child abuse, which negatively affects the development of the child in all aspects, also constitutes an important obstacle to raising healthy societies. Many factors such as parents' attitudes and behaviors, personality traits, health conditions, levels of knowledge and skills in raising children, socio-economic status, and education level sare important components of the child'sex posure to abuse in terms of family dynamics. Primary health care services, schools, and Child Advocacy Centers are very important in determining family-based risk factors, evaluating them in a holistic manner and monitoring them, as well as protective and preventive studies of child abuse. Within the scope of the study, national and international studies on child abuse were scrutinized, protective and preventive interventions, family dynamics of children who were victims of abuse were evaluated. In this context, evaluation of family-based risk factors in primary health care services, assessment of parents by counseling teachers in schools, Child Advocacy Centers are the most important steps in determining the risks. It is thought that; categorizing at-risk groups and making the necessary interventions and guidance according to risk priority, increasing the awareness of parents, implementing protective and preventive interventions with a multidisciplinary team understanding within a comprehensive and standardized program and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions through academic studies will be a guide in determining familyrelated risk factors and combating the serisks in child abuse.
36
Figge, Caleb J., Cecilia Martinez-Torteya, and Jessica E. Weeks. "Social–ecological predictors of externalizing behavior trajectories in at-risk youth." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 1 (May 16, 2017): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000608.
Анотація:
AbstractExtant research consistently links youth externalizing problems and later maladaptive outcomes, and these behaviors are particularly detrimental given their relative stability across development. Although an array of risk and protective factors for externalizing problems have been identified, few studies have examined factors reflecting the multiple social–ecological levels that influence child development and used them to predict longitudinal trajectories of externalizing problems. The current study examined externalizing behavior trajectories in a sample of 1,094 at-risk youth (539 boys, 555 girls) from the Longitudinal Studies in Child Abuse and Neglect multisite longitudinal study of child maltreatment. Normed Child Behavior Checklist externalizing scores were used to estimate group trajectories via growth-based trajectory modeling at ages 10, 12, 14, and 16 using the SAS PROC TRAJ procedure. Model fit was assessed using the Bayes information criterion and the Akaike information criterion statistics. Analyses revealed optimal fit for five distinct behavioral trajectories: low stable, mid-increasing, mid-decreasing, medium high, and high stable. Multinomial logistic regressions revealed that a combination of risk and protective factors at individual, family, school, and neighborhood levels contribute to distinct trajectories of externalizing problems over time. Predictors of low and decreasing trajectories can inform interventions aimed at addressing externalizing problems among high-risk adolescents.
37
Katz, Colleen C., Mark E. Courtney, and Beth Sapiro. "Emancipated Foster Youth and Intimate Partner Violence: An Exploration of Risk and Protective Factors." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 23-24 (July 26, 2017): 5469–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517720735.
Анотація:
Due to their high rates of parental maltreatment and violence exposure, youth in the foster care system are considered particularly vulnerable to experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in adolescence and young adulthood. Those who have emancipated from foster care may be at a heightened risk, as they are significantly more likely to struggle in a variety of critical domains (i.e., mental health, substance use, and delinquency). This longitudinal study is the first to explore the impact of demographic, individual, family, and foster care system factors on IPV involvement for foster care alumni at age 23/24. Analyses were conducted on three waves of quantitative data from the Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth (the Midwest Study). We find that approximately 21% of the young adults in our sample were involved in some type of IPV at age 23/24, with bidirectional violence the most commonly reported form. Males were more likely than females to report IPV victimization, whereas females were more likely than males to report IPV perpetration and bidirectional violence. Young adults who reported parental IPV prior to foster care entry were more likely to be involved in bidirectionally violent partnerships than nonviolent partnerships in young adulthood, as were young adults who reported neglect by a foster caregiver and those who reported greater placement instability while in the foster care system. Anxiety at baseline increased the odds of IPV perpetration at age 23/24, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at baseline decreased the odds of IPV perpetration at age 23/24. Understanding the characteristics and experiences that place these young adults at risk for IPV will allow for more effective and targeted prevention efforts.
38
Sun, Xiaohua, Liang Chen, Yandong Wang, and Yan Li. "The link between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying perpetration attitudes among undergraduates: Testing the risk and protective factors." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): e0236792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236792.
39
Herrero-Roldán, Silvia, María José Rodrigo, Juan A. Hernández-Cabrera, Colter Mitchell, Maykel López, Julia Alcoba-Florez, Jonah Fisher, Fernanda Espinosa, and Inmaculada León. "Reduction in Epigenetic Age Acceleration Is Related to Empathy in Mothers with Neglectful Caregiving." Brain Sciences 11, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111376.
Анотація:
DNA methylation clocks are used as molecular estimators of epigenetic age, but with little evidence in mothers and none in neglectful mothering. We investigated differences in epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) and the role of empathy using the PhenoAge clock. We collected saliva samples from mothers with extreme disregard for their child’s needs (50 in the neglect group, NG) and mothers with non-neglectful caregiving (87 in the control group, CG). Mothers completed an empathy scale, along with questionnaires of their own childhood maltreatment, adverse life events and psychiatric disorders. Sociodemographic variables potentially affecting EAA were also measured. The ANCOVA solution showed a significant increase in EAA in the NG compared to the CG, after adjustment for maternal age, number of pregnancies, financial assistance, adverse events, childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorder. The group interaction effects showed a reduction in EAA for greater empathic concern and for a higher education level both as positive factors, and an increment in EAA for mothers living in a two-parent family as a risk factor, all in the NG. Our findings open the search for protective factors of EAA associated with caregiver behavior to reduce health vulnerabilities and poor social functioning, especially for mothers at risk of maladaptive caregiving.
40
Bick, Johanna, Rebecca Lipschutz, Teresa Lind, Lindsay Zajac, and Mary Dozier. "Associations between early home environment and trajectories of disruptive behavior among preschoolers reared in CPS-referred families." Developmental Child Welfare 1, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516103219881652.
Анотація:
Young children who experience maltreatment are at increased risk for disruptive behavior problems. In high-risk environments, children’s difficulties regulating negative emotions and behavior may be an important precursor to later disruptive behavior problems. This longitudinal study examined associations between early home risk factors and trajectories of disruptive behavior in young children in Child Protective Services–involved families. Standardized observations of disruptive behavior, home environment quality, and parenting risk were measured when children ( N = 142) were 36 and 48 months old. Results of multiple indicator latent change models showed that early childhood anger dysregulation decreased over the early preschool period. Early home and parenting risk factors (increased harsh parenting, reduced organization of the home, and decreased parental involvement and responsiveness) were associated with higher baseline values of anger dysregulation at 36 months, but not with change in anger dysregulation over the preschool period. These findings hold important implications for early prevention and intervention for externalizing problems among children in the child welfare system.
41
Barboza, Gia Elise. "Child Maltreatment, Delinquent Behavior, and School Factors as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence to Adulthood: A Growth Mixture Model." Youth & Society 52, no. 1 (September 4, 2017): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x17721803.
Анотація:
Previous methodological approaches have not been flexible enough to model the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms or to identify variations between prototypical trajectories conditional on risk and protective factors. The current study examined latent class trajectories of depressive symptoms using data from 3,819 respondents of the Adolescent Health Survey. Four trajectory profiles of depressive symptoms were identified: low-stable, high-decreasing, low-increasing, and moderate-decreasing. A broad array of risk factors were included into the modeling procedure to identify predictors of group membership. Relative to the low-stable group, membership in one of the three symptomatic groups (i.e., heightened depressive symptoms) was predicted by poverty, low self-esteem, gender, drinking frequency, poor academic outcomes, delinquency, and child maltreatment type. This study contributes to our understanding about the longitudinal manifestations of depression and identifies a broad array of factors significantly related to pathways of resilience.
42
Rantanen, Heidi, Irja Nieminen, Marja Kaunonen, Emmanuelle Jouet, Lidia Zabłocka-Żytka, Giovanni Viganò, Cristina Crocamo, Henrike Schecke, Giedre Zlatkute, and Eija Paavilainen. "Family Needs Checklist: Development of a Mobile Application for Parents with Children to Assess the Risk for Child Maltreatment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 9810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169810.
Анотація:
Child maltreatment (CM) has been enormously studied. However, a preventive practice still requires comprehensive and effective instruments to assess the risks for CM in a family context. The aim of this study is to describe the development process of an evidence-based CM risk assessment instrument (Family Needs Checklist, FNC) for primary prevention online utilization. This article reports the development process of the checklist and its mobile application, consisting of a systematic literature review, identification of known risk factors using the content analysis method, and generation of the checklist, including a multidisciplinary group in the design and feedback. As a result, a comprehensive and compact checklist was developed to be used by parents or caregivers as a self-referral instrument with an option to be used with professionals as a basis for joint conversations. The FNC consists of parental, family-, and child-related risk factors. Based on the international evidence, the online application consists of knowledge about different CM types, information about risk factors and protective factors as well as recommendations and guidance to support services. The FNC is based on robust evidence on known risk factors causing CM in families. It can be used for primary prevention utilization in the general population.
43
Shobe, Marcia A., and Jacqueline Dienemann. "Intimate Partner Violence in the United States: An Ecological Approach to Prevention and Treatment." Social Policy and Society 7, no. 2 (April 2008): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746407004137.
Анотація:
Physical, sexual, verbal and economic abuse, also known as Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), comprise a major public health problem. IPV risk factors include poverty, stress, substance use, depression, and history of child maltreatment. Protective factors include human capital (functional health and work competencies/qualifications), social capital (formal/informal relationships and resources) and financial capital (income and assets). Traditional IPV initiatives focus on increasing social capital by changing the cognition and/or behaviour of victims or perpetrators and increasing legal sanctions and supportive resources. The proposed Asset Model of IPV Resolution extends the current model to include an ecological approach to the prevention and resolution of IPV. In addition to human and social capital development, the authors suggest financial capital development through Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) as one social policy initiative to support women at risk of or women who experience IPV.
44
Freundlich, Madelyn, and Erika London Bocknek. "Child Fatalities in New York City: An Assessment of Child Protective Service Practice." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 88, no. 4 (October 2007): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3681.
Анотація:
This article describes the results of two exploratory studies conducted in New York City that used reports of child fatality investigations conducted by the New York State Office of Children and Family Services. It describes the characteristics of children who died as a result of maltreatment and the quality of the child fatality investigations, risk and safety assessments, and protective services responses. Three groups are the focus: children who died while living with families not previously referred to the public child welfare agency; children who died while living with families previously referred to the public child welfare agency; and all children in foster care. The studies found that safety and risk assessments often were not conducted appropriately when children were initially reported to child protective services and when the safety of surviving siblings was at issue; there often was insufficient attention to the elevation of risk as a result of the presence of multiple risk factors in families; and foster parents often did not receive adequate information about health conditions that posed significant risks for children in their care. This article advances practice and policy recommendations for strengthening responses to families who are at high risk and identifies future research directions.
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Bijlsma, Anne M. E., Mark Assink, and Claudia E. Van der Put. "Personalizing Child Protection: The Clinical Value and Usability of a Needs Assessment Instrument in The Netherlands." Children 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2022): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9111702.
Анотація:
Studies on child maltreatment prevention programs show that the effects of these programs are rather small. Drawing on the need principle of the Risk–Need–Responsivity model, program effects may be enhanced by properly assessing all the needs of individual families involved in child protection so that programs can be adapted to those needs. Recently, a needs assessment tool (ARIJ-Needs) has been developed in the Netherlands to support child protection practitioners in not only the assessment of treatment needs in individual families, but also in selecting the program(s) and/or intervention(s) that best target those needs. This study assessed the clinical value and usability of ARIJ-Needs by interviewing Dutch child protection practitioners (N = 15). A vignette describing a child protection case was used to examine differences between needs assessments based on unstructured clinical judgment (i.e., without using the assessment tool), and structured clinical judgment in which the assessment tool was used. The results showed that significantly more treatment needs were identified when ARIJ-Needs was used relative to clinical judgment in which ARIJ-Needs was not used. Specifically, needs related to parenting, the parent(s), and the family were identified more often when the assessment tool was used. This is an important finding, as these needs comprise the (changeable) risk factors that are most predictive of child maltreatment and should be addressed with priority to prevent child maltreatment. This study shows that ARIJ-Needs supports practitioners in assessing relevant needs in families at risk for child maltreatment. Study implications and recommendations for improvement of the ARIJ-Needs are discussed.
46
Hébert, Martine, Marie-Ève Daspe, Andréanne Lapierre, Natacha Godbout, Martin Blais, Mylène Fernet, and Francine Lavoie. "A Meta-Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors for Dating Violence Victimization: The Role of Family and Peer Interpersonal Context." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20, no. 4 (August 22, 2017): 574–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017725336.
Анотація:
Dating violence (DV) is a widespread social issue that has numerous deleterious repercussions on youths’ health. Family and peer risk factors for DV have been widely studied, but with inconsistent methodologies, which complicates global comprehension of the phenomenon. Protective factors, although understudied, constitutes a promising line of research for prevention. To date, there is no comprehensive quantitative review attempting to summarize knowledge on both family and peer factors that increase or decrease the risk for adolescents and emerging adults DV victimization. The current meta-analysis draws on 87 studies with a total sample of 278,712 adolescents and young adults to examine effect sizes of the association between various family and peer correlates of DV victimization. Results suggest small, significant effect sizes for all the family (various forms of child maltreatment, parental support, and parental monitoring) and peer factors (peer victimization, sexual harassment, affiliation with deviant peers, and supportive/prosocial peers) in the prediction of DV. With few exceptions, forms of DV (psychological, physical, and sexual), gender, and age did not moderate the strength of these associations. In addition, no difference was found between the magnitude of family and peer factors’ effect sizes, suggesting that these determinants are equally important in predicting DV. The current results provide future directions for examining relations between risk and protective factors for DV and indicate that both peers and family should be part of the development of efficient prevention options.
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Kobulsky, Julia M., Dalhee Yoon, Miguel T. Villodas, Brittany R. Schuler, Rachel Wildfeuer, and José N. Reyes. "Neglect, Abuse, and Adaptive Functioning: Food Security and Housing Stability as Protective Factors for Adolescents." Children 9, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9030390.
Анотація:
This study addresses gaps in knowledge of protective factors that support adaptive functioning among maltreated adolescents. The sample included 1003 high-risk youths participating in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (53% female, 56% Black, and 82% living in poverty). Adolescent neglect (Exposure to Risky Situations, Lack of Monitoring, Inattention to Basic Needs, Permitting Misbehavior, Lack of Support) and physical, sexual, and emotional abuse were self-reported at age 16. Age 18 adaptive functioning measures included healthcare receipt (medical, dental, and mental health), self-rated global health, high school graduation or enrollment, prosocial activities, peer relationships (Companionship, Conflict, Satisfaction, and Intimacy), and independent living skills. Previous childhood maltreatment, demographics, and earlier prosocial activities and peer relationships were controls. Structural equation modeling showed that adolescent neglect and abuse were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Multigroup models showed protective effects for food security on the relationships between sexual abuse and self-rated health and between Inadequate Monitoring and Companionship. Housing stability buffered relationships between Inadequate Support and high school graduation or enrollment and between Permitting Misbehavior and independent living skills. Findings imply the need for adolescent-focused prevention, including the promotion of food security and housing stability to support adaptive functioning in maltreated adolescents. However, notable mixed findings show the need for additional research.
48
Nguyen, Trang Thu, Thach Duc Tran, Tuan Tran, Buoi La, Hau Nguyen, and Jane Fisher. "Postpartum change in common mental disorders among rural Vietnamese women: Incidence, recovery and risk and protective factors." British Journal of Psychiatry 206, no. 2 (February 2015): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.149138.
Анотація:
BackgroundIn low- and middle-income countries little is known about changes in women's mental health status from the perinatal period to 15 months postpartum or the factors associated with different trajectories.AimsTo determine the incidence and rates of recovery from common mental disorders (CMD) among rural Vietnamese women and the risk and protective factors associated with these outcomes from the perinatal period to 15 months after giving birth.MethodIn a population-based prospective study, a systematically recruited cohort of women completed baseline assessments in either the last trimester of pregnancy or 4–6 weeks after giving birth and were followed up 15 months later. The common mental disorders of major depression, generalised anxiety and panic disorder were assessed by psychiatrist-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders at both baseline and follow-up.ResultsA total of 211 women provided complete data in this study. The incidence rate of CMD in the first postpartum year was 13% (95% CI 8–19), and 70% (95% CI 59–80) of women who had perinatal CMD recovered within the first postpartum year. Incidence was associated with having experienced childhood maltreatment, experiencing the intimate partner as providing little care, sensitivity, kindness or affection, and the chronic stress of household poverty. Recovery was associated with higher quality of a woman's relationships with her intimate partner and her own mother, longer period of mandated rest following birth, and sharing of domestic tasks and infant care.ConclusionsModifiable social factors, in particular the quality of a woman's closest relationships with her partner and her own mother, and participation by family members in domestic work and infant care, are closely related to women's mental health in the first year after giving birth in resource-constrained settings.
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Hill, Karen D., and Brian J. Hill. "Help Me Grow Utah and the impact on family protective factors development." Journal of Children's Services 13, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-05-2017-0016.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of family protective factors in participants of Help Me Grow Utah (HMGU), a community-based system that promotes child development, seeks early detection of developmental delays, and links families to services. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, standard quasi-experimental survey design was utilized. HMGU and control group participants completed the FRIENDS Protective Factors Survey, which was slightly modified into a retrospective pre-test and post-test format to address previous survey concerns of response-shift bias, self-serving assessments, and family maturation. Participants were asked to respond to ten questions at present and then again from the perspective of two years previous. Findings Participants in HMGU had statistically significant increases in protective factor scores in all but one subscale, with dramatic increases in two subscale questions on knowledge of parenting and child development. Control group scores statistically increased in four subscales, albeit at lower rates than HMGU participants. Interestingly, control group scores on two subscale questions relating to child maltreatment risk were significantly lower on post-tests as compared to their retrospective pre-test scores. Research limitations/implications Participants in HMGU clearly increased in the development of protective factors. Replication of this study is recommended and the need for a control group in protective factor studies is imperative. Practical implications Findings from this study suggest that child services focused on enhancing knowledge of parenting and child development might also expect to improve protective factors. One-on-one care coordination with families seems particularly effective. The findings might also benefit other social programs as they utilize retrospective pre-test, post-test, and control groups in their evaluations. Originality/value HMGU is the first affiliate to utilize retrospective pre-test/post-test methodology, which can overcome confounding results attributable to response-shift bias. Also, the use of a control group affords inclusion of natural maturation in considering findings.
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Laslett, Anne-Marie, Robin Room, and Paul Dietze. "Substance misuse, mental health problems and recurrent child maltreatment." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2014): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-11-2013-0026.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the diagnosis of both carers’ mental health problems and substance misuse increase the likelihood of recurrent child maltreatment over and above the individual effects of these factors. Design/methodology/approach – Retrospective secondary data analysis of 29,455 children where child maltreatment was confirmed in the Victorian child protection system between 2001 and 2005. Recorded mental health, alcohol misuse and other drug misuse variables were entered into multivariate logistic regression models predicting repeated child maltreatment. Interactions and a range of other child, carer and socio-economic factors were included in these models. Findings – Carer alcohol misuse, other drug misuse and mental ill health all independently predicted recurrent child maltreatment. The presence of both other drug misuse and mental ill health increased the likelihood that recurrent child abuse was recorded over the likelihood that mental health alone predicted recurrent child maltreatment, and while alcohol misuse had an effect when there was no mental health condition recorded it did not have an additional effect when there was evidence of mental health problems. Research limitations/implications – Children in families where there is both mental health problems and other drug use problems are at greater risk of repeated maltreatment than where there is evidence of mental health problems or other drug use alone. Where there was evidence of carer mental health problems, alcohol misuse did not add to this likelihood. However, the effect of mental health and other drug use was similar in size to the effect of alcohol misuse alone. Originality/value – These findings add to understandings of the effects of co-occurring mental health problems and substance misuse on recurrent child maltreatment and differentiate between cases that involve alcohol and other drug misuse.