Дисертації з теми "Risk and protective factors, maltreatment"
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1
Seltmann, Larissa Atkins. "Later Parenting in Mothers with a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: An Exploration of Possible Risk and Protective Factors." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1311371008.
2
Torres, Guadalupe Citlalli, and Victoria Vanesa Mariscal. "SOCIAL WORKERS PERSPECTIVES OF THE PROTECTIVE AND RISK FACTORS THAT AFFECT YOUTH IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM AND CHILD WELFARE SYSTEM." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/324.
Анотація:
Youth who have experienced maltreatment and the dysfunction of multiple placements are at risk of engaging in delinquent behaviors. Studies from various professionals found specific risk and protective factors that affect youth from being involved in the juvenile justice system. The current study adds significantly literature by identifying the risk and protective factors that affect foster youth in the child welfare and juvenile justice system based on social workers perspectives. The results indicate almost 93% of the participants agreed that multiple placements, 74% agreed that physical abuse, 61% agreed that group homes, and 67% agreed that sexual abuse serve as risk factors for foster youth. Foster youth who have encountered risks factors such as psychical abuse, sexual abuse, severe general neglect, mental health issues, multiple placements, group home placements, substance abuse, and negative support systems are at risk of being involved with the juvenile justice system. In addition, approximately 99% of the participants agreed that a mentor, 98% agreed that after school activities, 91% agreed that early parent bonding, 90% agreed that monitoring youths behaviors, and 73% agreed that contact with birth parents serves as protective factors that prevent youth from being involved from the juvenile justice system. The results identify factors such as early parent child bonding, school activities, contact with birth family, parents or caregivers monitoring their behavior, a mentor or role model, school involvement, and involvement with religious and spiritual activities serve as protective factors in preventing youth involvement in the juvenile justice system.
3
Danner, Touati Camille. "facteurs de risque et de protection au cours du placement : étude du devenir à l’âge adulte des enfants placés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080102.
Анотація:
La maltraitance durant l’enfance est un facteur de vulnérabilité au développement d’un attachement insécure et à son tour, pour la santé mentale et le risque suicidaire (RS). Parmi les victimes de maltraitance, les enfants placés constituent une population particulièrement à risque. L’objectif du placement est de faire cesser la maltraitance et d’apporter aux enfants la sécurité nécessaire à leur développement Pour cela, les enfants peuvent être placés selon différentes modalités. Des recherches suggèrent que des facteurs liés au placement peuvent influencer le devenir concernant la santé mentale et le RS des enfants placés. Les objectifs de notre première étude étaient d'examiner (1) l’effet direct des différentes modalités de placement (i.e : âge de placement, nombre de placements, rupture du placement, durée de placement, contact avec les parents biologiques, contact avec la fratrie, placement avec ou sans fratrie) sur le RS et (2) déterminer si ces modalités de placement modèrent le lien entre la maltraitance et le RS. Dans une seconde étude, nos objectifs étaient d'examiner si (1) l'attachement aux parents biologiques médiatise l'association entre la maltraitance et le RS et (2) l'attachement à une figure d'accueil modère l'effet de l'attachement aux parents biologiques sur le RS.Notre échantillon était composé de 77 adultes (52 femmes ; 25 hommes ; âge moyen : 26,6 ans) placés pendant l'enfance. Ils ont répondu au Childhood Trauma Questionnaire et au Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview pour le RS. L’Attachment Multiple Model Interview a également été administré pour évaluer l'attachement à chacun des parents biologiques et à la figure d'accueil. Les dossiers des participants ont été utilisés pour déterminer les modalités de placement et la maltraitance.Les résultats ont montré : (1) que certains facteurs liés au placement pouvaient constituer des facteurs de risque (i.e : nombre et ruptures de placements, âge tardif de placement, contact avec le parents biologiques) et de protection (i.e : contact avec la fratrie, placement en famille d’accueil) au RS ; (2) un effet modérateur des facteurs de risque sur le RS ; (3) que l'attachement (sécurité et désorganisation) à la mère biologique médiatisait le lien entre la maltraitance et le RS ; (4) que l'attachement à la figure d'accueil modérait le lien entre l'attachement à la mère biologique et le RS. Nos résultats soulignent d’une part l'importance :- de limiter les facteurs de risque au cours du placement, - et d’autre part des interventions visant à soutenir l'établissement d'une relation d'attachement sécurisante entre les enfants placés et leurs parents d'accueil afin de diminuer le RS chez les personnes placées suite à des maltraitancesChildhood abuse is a vulnerability factor with regard to insecure attachment and, in turn, mental health and suicidal risk (SR). Among victims of abuse, children in out-of-home care are particularly at risk. Out-of-family placement is aimed at interrupting child exposure to further abuse and at providing the security needed for proper development. To this end, different out-of-home care arrangements are available. Research suggests that placement-related factors may impact children’s mental health outcomes and suicidal risk. The first study was aimed at examining (1) the direct effects of different placement characteristics (i.e. age at first placement, number of placements, placement disruptions, total time in care, contact with biological parents, contact with siblings, placement with siblings) on SR and (2) whether these characteristics moderate the link between maltreatment and SR. In a second study we examined whether (1) attachment to the biological parents mediates the association between abuse and SR and (2) attachment to a foster parent (whether from a foster home or an institution) moderates the effect of attachment to the biological parents on SR.The sample consisted of 77 adults (52 women; 25 men; mean age: 26.6 years) who received out-of-home care during childhood. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (for SR). The Attachment Multiple Model Interview was also administered to assess attachment to each biological parent and to the foster parent. Participants’ records were examined to determine placement characteristics and maltreatment.The results indicated (1) a significant role of risk (age at first placement, number of placements, placement disruptions, contact with biological parents) and protective factors (contact with siblings, foster home placement) with regard to SR; (2) a moderating effect of the risk factors on the link between maltreatment and SR; (3) that attachment (security and disorganization) to the biological mother mediates the link between abuse and SR and (4) that attachment to the foster parent moderates the link between attachment to the biological mother and SR.These findings point to the importance of interventions aimed at limiting risk factors during placement and of interventions aimed at promoting the establishment of a secure attachment relationship between children in care and their foster parents to reduce SR
4
Pino, Lilia Diaz. "Risk Factors and Suspected Child Maltreatment." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/492.
Анотація:
Maltreatment affected an estimated 794,000 children in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2007 (United States Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2009). The purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors of young maternal age, parents' marital status, multiple birth, preterm birth, birth defects/disability, low economic status, and parental substance abuse related to suspected maltreatment of children 3 years of age or younger from the prospective of pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs). A cross-sectional survey design, using the Tailored Design Method, was used in this study. A convenience sample consisting of the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) email registry was used for this study with a response rate of 11%. The respondents represented all regions of the United States. Seventy-nine percent of the PNP's (n=363) who completed the survey had suspected child abuse or neglect within the last year in a child three years of age or younger compared to 21% of PNPs (n=96) who did not suspect child maltreatment within the past year. The prevalence of suspected child maltreatment in the study population was 2.35%. According to the model examining child risk factors and abuse, the log of the odds of a child being abused was negatively related to preterm birth (p = .036) and birth defects/disability (p = .001). Multiple birth was positively related but not significant (p = .359). There were no statistically significant child risk factors found in the logistical regression for neglect (preterm birth, p = .180; multiple births, p = .938; birth defects/disabilities, p = .234). When examining the abuse and neglect groups together, the log of the odds of a child being abused and neglected was negatively related to birth defects/disabilities (p = .030). Preterm birth (p = .364) and multiple birth (p = .298) were positively related to the abuse and neglect group but were not significant. According to the model examining parental risk factors and abuse, the log of the odds of a child being abused due to a parent characteristic was negatively related to low economic status, with the proxy being WIC eligibility (p = .001) and a history of substance abuse (p = .031). The regression for abuse indicated a positive, yet insignificant, relationship with young maternal age (p = .129) and single marital status (p = .816). The logistic regression for neglect indicated a positive significant relationship with a substance abuse history (p = .012). The regression for neglect indicated positive but insignificant relationships for young maternal age (p = .693), marital status (p = .343), and WIC eligibility (p = .106). There were no statistically significant parental risk factors found in the logistical regression for abuse and neglect together (young maternal age, p = .263; marital status, p = .523; WIC eligibility, p = .131; substance abuse, p = .985). Findings indicated that child maltreatment is suspected by PNPs in primary care settings, and that PNPs recognize signs and symptoms of abuse and neglect.
5
Freysteinsdóttir, Freydís Jóna. "Risk factors for repeated child maltreatment." Diss., University of Iowa, 2004. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/119.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for repeated child maltreatment in Iceland. Only cases that had never been reported to child protection services before were included in this study (N=77 total). Each case was followed for 18 months. In all cases the first reported incident was neglect. In the study, a group of cases that had only been reported once (single incident) was compared with another group of cases that had been reported two or more times (repeated incidents). Risk factors were identified and compared on different levels according to an ecological model: 1) Demographics, 2) Parental figure problems, 3) Children's characteristics, 4) Family problems, 5) Social support. In addition, the two groups were compared on parental non-cooperation and services received. In a logistic regression model, the groups differed significantly on the following factors; the mother figures in the repeated incidents group had lower education level and the mothers in that group had more personal problems than the mother figures in the repeated incidents group. In addition, the repeated incidents group experienced more family dynamic problems than the single incident group.
6
Hickey, Mary Beth, and Karen Eva Smithson. "Risk factors associated with recurrent child maltreatment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2900.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to the recurrence of child maltreatment within a variety of families. The following discussion addresses the safety and security of children, child protective services, cultural sensitivity, and perception of poverty.
7
Thompson, Olivia M. "Risk and protective factors for Barrett's esophagus /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6605.
8
Neil, Clare. "Assessment of protective factors for violence risk." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21007.
Анотація:
There is increasing interest in protective factors for violence risk and it has been proposed that consideration of protective factors in addition to risk factors may lead to more balanced and accurate violence risk assessments. Part 1: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to explore the predictive and incremental validity of protective factors assessed using structured professional judgment (SPJ) violence risk assessment tools. Eighteen studies were identified which reported the predictive validity of protective factors for violent behaviour in adolescent and adult males using five different SPJ risk assessment tools. Overall, most studies found that protective factors were associated with the absence of violence. The evidence to support the incremental validity of protective factors (in addition to risk factors) was however less robust and most studies were identified as having a risk of bias which impacted on the potential accuracy and generalisability of the findings. Part 2: Using a pseudo-prospective design, the predictive and incremental validity of protective factors was explored using the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors (SAPROF) and Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 (HCR-20V3) guidelines in a sample of 75 male patients in a high secure forensic mental health inpatient setting. The SAPROF was associated with the absence of different types of violence within the hospital setting (with AUC values for the total SAPROF score ranging from .69 to .74). The SAPROF did not appear to significantly add to the predictive validity of the dynamic risk factors in the HCR-20V3. The Integrative Final Risk Judgment however demonstrated strong predictive validity (with AUC values for different types of violence ranging from .74 to .81) and incremental validity in the prediction of violent behaviour.
9
Guhman, Kiran Kaur. "Violence within the family : risk factors associated with child maltreatment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5320/.
Анотація:
Identification of risk factors for child maltreatment is paramount to child protection. An understanding of these factors is an important step, with implications for the design of interventions for vulnerable families. The thesis is divided into five chapters, guiding the reader through an ecological understanding of individual, familial and societal factors related to perpetration of child maltreatment. An overview of literature and thesis aims are detailed in the introductory chapter. Chapter two presents a systematic literature review of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence (IPV); the results of which highlight evidence of co-occurrence. The review recognises associated risk variables, however methodological limitations point to a gap in the literature. Chapter three focuses on parental intellectual developmental disorder (IDD). An ecological perspective is taken, examining differences in risk factors for child maltreatment between parents with and without IDD. Results highlight differences between groups, indicating that parents with and without IDD may warrant different clinical attention and support. Chapter four is focused on parental stress. This chapter consists of a critique of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), examining its applicability, taking into consideration reliability and validity, as well as its limitations. In the final chapter, the implications of the thesis are discussed.
10
Smith, Dana. "Neurocognitive risk and protective factors in addictive disorders." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245142.
Анотація:
Cognitive impairments and changes in the structure and function of related brain regions, namely the prefrontal cortex and striatum, have long been implicated in drug addiction. However, it is unknown whether these abnormalities predate substance abuse, potentially serving as risk factors for dependence, or if they are the consequence of protracted use. To address this question, endophenotype research using stimulant-dependent individuals’ biological siblings has been used to investigate traits implicated in the pathology of addiction. Impairments present in both groups suggest an underlying risk-state for dependence, while additional abnormalities present only in stimulant-dependent individuals reflect potential effects of the drugs themselves. Contrastingly, there are also individuals who use stimulant drugs in a controlled manner without developing dependence. These ‘recreational users’ may lack the underlying traits that comprise a greater risk for dependence, or they might maintain additional protective factors against the development of addiction. Experiments in the first half of this dissertation used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neurocognitive similarities and differences between dependent stimulant users, their non-dependent siblings, recreational users of cocaine, and unrelated healthy control volunteers. In Chapter 2, performance on a colour-word Stroop task was impaired in both stimulant-dependent individuals and their siblings, suggesting an endophenotype of cognitive inefficiency. However, neural activity significantly differed between the groups, indicating additional changes specific to the use of stimulant drugs. In Chapter 3, dependent users showed significant attentional bias to salient stimuli on a cocaine-word Stroop task, with a concurrent increase in prefrontal activation. Conversely, recreational users showed resilience in the face of cocaine cues and a decrease in arousal. Finally, Chapter 4 explored differences in reward sensitivity to both generic and drug-specific reinforcers, comparing the effects of personal and family history of stimulant exposure on a monetary incentive delay task. It is also under debate whether the neurocognitive differences seen in stimulant-dependent individuals are unique to substance abuse, or if parallel changes in behaviour and neurobiology are present in similar addiction-spectrum disorders, such as binge eating leading to obesity. In Chapter 5, stimulant-dependent and obese individuals with binge-eating behaviours showed differences in their substance-specific and general reward responsivity on a novel reward-valuation task. However, in Chapter 6 a similar decline in orbitofrontal cortex grey matter volume in relation to both years of stimulant use and body mass index was identified, implicating an overlap in this area between both conditions. These findings are integrated in Chapter 7, discussing the neurocognitive risk and protective factors that underlie an individual’s vulnerability for addiction, not only to stimulant drugs, but also potentially for other addictive behaviours.
11
Sheckter, Marc Eliot. "Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ63920.pdf.
12
Lee, Heeyoung. "Protective and risk factors in adolescents with schizophrenia /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7263.
13
Haggård-Grann, Ulrika. "Violence among mentally disordered offenders : risk and protective factors /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-377-9/.
14
Klik, Kathleen. "Risk and Protective Factors of Internalized Mental Illness Stigma." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2573.
Анотація:
The internalization of mental illness stigma is associated with an array of negative consequences; however, not all individuals experience the deleterious effects of internalized mental illness stigma. The present dissertation focuses on factors associated with internalized stigma, and will be the first to examine simultaneously both risk (i.e., shame, shame proneness and shame aversion, insight, and centrality and valence) and protective factors (social support and self-compassion) of internalized mental illness stigma. Using two of the most widely used assessments of internalized mental illness stigma (i.e., Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale [SSMIS] and the Internalized Mental Illness Scale [ISMI]), risk and protective factors were examined among adults recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT; n = 215) and Facebook (n = 153) who self-reported a mental illness diagnosis. Whereas among AMT participants, shame proneness and centrality were significant predictors of the process of internalization of mental illness stigma (measured by the Stereotype Self-Concurrence subscale of the SSMIS), among Facebook participants centrality was the only significant predictor of process of the internalization of mental illness stigma. In addition, whereas among AMT participants, shame proneness (measured by the PFQ-2), centrality, valence, and social support were significant predictors of the experience of internalized stigma (measured by the ISMI), among Facebook participants state shame, centrality, valence, and social support were significant predictors of the experience of internalized stigma. Thus, centrality was the only significant risk factor across measures and samples. It is possible that the current dissertation may help to differentiate individuals at particular risk for internalization and ultimately to harness resilience for those diagnosed with a mental illness, particularly among those diagnosed with mood or anxiety-related diagnoses.
15
SALADINO, Valeria. "Protective and risk factors in criminal development of youths." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Cassino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11580/75007.
Анотація:
Antisocial behavior in adolescence could be influenced by multiple factors. Developmental psychology and criminology mostly evaluated the influence of family, social, individual and environmental characteristics in aggressive and antisocial conduct. The tendency to assume such attitudes is widespread in adolescence and sometimes predicts delinquency. In Italy it is estimated that seven teenagers (14-18 years old) out of ten commit crimes and are involved in criminal justice system. The most diffuse offences among youths are property crimes and violent crimes, often related to a specific background of belonging. Nevertheless, not all adolescents behave in a transgressive or antisocial way, and not all young people involved in justice have the same characteristics. This dissertation aims to provide a general overview on juvenile criminality in Italy. It is divided in three chapters. The first part shows the main multifactorial theories of crime; the second part illustrates the types of crimes, life condition in Youth Detention Centers and the social rehabilitation programs adopted to prevent recidivism. Finally, the last part is dedicated to the research, divided in three studies: (1) analyzes the background of youths justice involved and their life condition in Youth Detention Centers; (2) investigates the influence of family factors in aggressive and antisocial conducts of high schools adolescents; (3) compares risk and protective factors of two groups: high school students and youths involved in criminal justice system, in order to investigate similitudes and differences and to promote interventions and prevention programs.
16
Panchanathan, Amritha. "Comparing Different Forms of Childhood Maltreatment as Risk Factors for Adult Cardiovascular Disease and Depression." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623604.
Анотація:
A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Research has shown an association between childhood maltreatment and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and depression. The purpose of this study is to examine the total and unique effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment on the development of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and depression in both women and men. Data for this study will be obtained from retrospective chart review and from an already established research database at a private healthcare facility specializing in the treatment of trauma and addiction. All information will pertain to participants’ admission to the healthcare facility and will include self‐report data on childhood maltreatment and symptoms of depression, as well as retrospective chart review data regarding physiological metrics of risk for cardiovascular disease (blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes). Results from 290 patients indicated that emotional abuse and emotional neglect were the leading predictors of negative outcomes with emotional neglect being a significant predictor of adult depression even after controlling for age, gender, and marital status. Younger participants and women reported higher levels of depression. However, the gender‐specific regressions showed that younger age and emotional neglect remained significant predictors of depression, with the percent variance explained by the model being greater among men compared to women. This greater effect size among men was driven by a stronger association between younger age and depression in men than in women. Childhood emotional abuse was associated with greater risk for coronary heart disease, even after controlling for gender and marital status. Gender‐specific analyses showed that, for men, childhood physical neglect emerged as a significant predictor of coronary heart disease risk after controlling for marital status. Contrary to predictions, among women, none of the five types of childhood maltreatment emerged as a significant predictor of coronary heart disease risk. Moreover, depression was inversely associated with risk for coronary heart disease. In other words, higher levels of depression were consistently associated with lower levels of coronary heart disease risk. This was attributed to the fact that younger people reported higher levels of depression, but younger age was also associated with lower levels of coronary heart disease risk. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used to develop screening tools, based on childhood maltreatment severity and type, for depression and cardiovascular disease. To what degree are specific types of childhood abuse and neglect (i.e., emotional, physical, or sexual) risk factors for depression and cardiovascular disease and how are these risks moderated by gender? Hypotheses: 1) It is expected that higher levels of childhood neglect and abuse (all forms taken together) will be related to higher levels of depressive symptoms and greater risk for cardiovascular disease. 2) Comparing five basic forms of neglect and abuse, it is anticipated that emotional abuse will have the strongest association with elevations in depression and cardiovascular risk. 3) It is hypothesized that the relation between childhood maltreatment and cardiovascular risk will be stronger in women compared to men.
17
March, Alice L. "Adolescent sexual debut, risk factors, protective factors, and health risk behaviors rural, suburban, and urban differences /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
18
Quigley, Brian David. "Diagnostic relapse in Borderline Personality Disorder: risk and protective factors." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1237.
Анотація:
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is one of the more common personality disorder diagnoses observed in psychiatric inpatients and outpatients. Previous studies have found that individuals with BPD may be expected to experience difficulties throughout their lifetimes and they may repeatedly return for psychological treatment. Whereas previous studies have attempted to identify various factors related to relapse in other chronically recurring disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and substance abuse, studies examining factors associated with relapse in BPD, and personality disorders in general, are absent from the scientific literature. This exploratory study examined whether specific risk and protective factors (dynamic and/or static) identified from the general relapse literature were associated with diagnostic relapse in BPD. Results revealed that variables related to an increased likelihood for BPD relapse included: substance abuse or Major Depressive Disorder, higher Neuroticism, and lower Conscientiousness. In addition, having a steady work or school status after remission was found to protect against a BPD relapse in the presence of various risk factors. Although this study has several limitations, these results provide some of the first insights to the processes of relapse and continued remission in BPD patients. Continued research efforts in this area can help to identify individuals who are at a greater risk for BPD relapse and potentially to design effective relapse-prevention strategies for the treatment of BPD.
19
Hayman, Abraham Burger. "Risk and protective factors associated with substance abuse amongst adolescents." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008297.
Анотація:
Substance abuse remains one of the critical challenges facing South Africa. Research studies conducted locally and internationally, reflect a sharp increase in the number of young people that are falling prey to substance abuse (with the age of onset decreasing rapidly). These rising statistics, as well as the guidelines for evidence based practice suggest that drug prevention interventions need to be tailored to the needs of specific recipients of the service. The aim of the present study was therefore to understand the needs of a specific group of adolescents from a designated community in the Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth. This community has been riddled by gang violence, high levels of unemployment, teenage pregnancies, school dropout and in particular, large numbers of adolescent drug users. The goal of the study was therefore to enhance an understanding of the risk and protective factors associated with substance abuse amongst adolescents from this specific neighbourhood in the Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth. The study was imbedded in a socio-cultural and systemic theoretical framework. A qualitative research approach was adopted, employing an exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design to address the primary research question. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit eight non users and a snowball sampling technique was used (with the assistance of two gatekeepers) to identify eight substance users from the identified neighbourhood in the Northern Areas. An in-depth, semi-structured individual interview was used as the method of data collection with each of the 16 research participants. The data was analysed according to the steps for qualitative data analysis, as proposed by Tesch (in Creswell, 1994:155). The trustworthiness was enhanced by employing the four criteria proposed by Guba (in Krefting, 1991:214-222). The findings of the study indicate that the dominant risk factors for substance use are located at a family and community level. These included the absence of family structure, poor parental discipline and supervision, the presence of parental substance abuse, neglect of children and family disharmony. At a community level the risk factors included: the prevalence of drug outlets, normalization of substance use in the community, prevalence of gangsterism as a way life and source of income and apathy of community members in protecting their community. Protective factors were mutually exclusive and additional protective factors were discussed at length in the report. The findings which point to the adoption of an integrated community based approach to effect meaningful drug prevention strategies for substance abuse amongst adolescents in the studied community, are disseminated here in the form of a written report and will be prepared for submission to a journal for publication.
20
Radford-Paz, Elisa. "Risk and protective factors for criminality among adults with FASD." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2013. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2128.
Анотація:
This research explored the risk and protective factors associated with criminality among adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). While previous research has focused on identifying the factors that contribute to legal issues, there is a paucity of research on the protective factors that may lead to more positive outcomes for adults with FASD. The first paper examined the methodological issues encountered while conducting a mixed methods study on the experience of offenders and non-offenders with FASD. Difficulties with participant recruitment, the sample size, the terminology employed, and the appropriateness of psychometric measures were significant challenges that emerged during the research project. The second paper was a qualitative study that investigated the experience of adults with prenatal alcohol exposure and their families to determine the risk and protective factors for criminality. Families reported that neurobehavioural impairments such as difficulty with self-regulation and social skills deficits, combined with environmental demands that exceeded the capabilities of the individual with FASD, were important contributors to criminality. However, structure and supervision, education and employment, social and financial support, and positive peer influence were found to mitigate the risk of criminal behavior among adults with FASD. The findings from this thesis highlight the importance of including families in the research process as well as the need to have more family-centered services.
21
Dickson, Laurie Marie. "Youth gambling problems : the identification of risk and protective factors." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85150.
Анотація:
The present study examined the relationship between several risk and protective variables associated with problem gambling, substance abuse, and other multiple risk-taking activities by adolescents. With the goal of identifying protective factors that prevent youth from escalating from social gambling to serious problem gambling, this research examined the relationship between family cohesion, school connectedness, coping and adaptive behaviours, mentor relationships, achievement motivation, involvement in conventional organizations, and the development of three health-compromising outcomes---youth problem gambling, substance abuse, and involvement in multiple risk-taking behaviours (e.g., smoking, unsafe sexual activity, and reckless driving). The sample consisted of 2,179 students, ages 11 to 19, in the Province of Ontario. Family and school connectedness were associated with decreased involvement in excessive gambling, substance use, and multiple risk-taking activities. Furthermore, an examination of the effect of potential protective factors on a set of risk factors predictive of adolescent problem gambling suggested that family cohesion plays a role in the prediction of probable pathological gamblers and those at risk for developing a gambling problem. These findings were interpreted with respect to their implications for the development and implementation of prevention programs.
22
Mallon, James. "Local authority care and academic performance : risk and protective factors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424596.
23
Henderson, Ann E. "4-H Contest Winners in Utah: Risk and Protective Factors." DigitalCommons@USU, 1999. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2599.
Анотація:
This study describes levels of asset development and involvement in at-risk behaviors among 4-H youth. To collect the data, 202 4-H teens participating in the 1996 Utah State 4-H Contests completed surveys. Results reveal numerous differences between males and females. Females scored significantly higher on 18 of 29 assets. Males reported significantly higher levels of involvement on 8 of 10 at-risk behaviors. Significant differences existed between types of 4-H clubs on 4 of 29 assets and 1 of I 0 at-risk behaviors. No significant differences were found based on grade in school, years in 4-H, number of 4-H project areas, and number of 4-H events. The study revealed that these 4-H members have developed personal assets related to family, education, individual skills, and involvement in positive activities. The majority have never participated in at-risk activities (drugs- 90%; sexual intercourse- 85%; criminal activities- 80%; and alcohol or shoplifting- 77%). These 4-H youth are laying solid foundations for their futures.
24
KROEGER, STEPHEN D. "THE VOICE OF STUDENTS AT RISK." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1069275029.
25
Jackson, Nicole Sharie. "Resilience and Healthy Adult Relationships Post-Childhood Maltreatment." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7017.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to understand the role of resilience and protective factors (PFs) in the life of women who have experienced childhood maltreatment (CHM). A further purpose was to understand how women who faced CHM develop resilience, and how the proper use or misuse of PFs later affected their adult relationships, whether intimate, social, or familial. Resiliency theory was the theoretical foundation that informed the study. A qualitative methodology with an interpretative phenomenological analysis design was used in this study. Participants included 7 women who were recruited through social media support groups for adult survivors of child abuse. Participants were interviewed via telephone and Skype. Data from these interviews were analyzed and coded according to the interpretative, phenomenological method. Five main themes emerged, providing awareness as to the development of resilience and PFs as well as the role of resilience and the impact PFs have on relationships survivors entered as adults. The themes included: trauma results in resilience and healing through helping others; time and interventions heal perception of abuse; guarding trust to avoid hurt as the effects of CHM lasts a lifetime; support is key then and now; and the effects of CHM and protective factors affect healthy adolescent and adult relationships. The findings were compared with existing literature to recommend ways therapeutic practitioners and social service workers can provide early interventions for those exposed to CHM and help them move past the starting point of unpacking the trauma to the ending of point of sustaining healthy adult relationships.
26
Schultze-Krumbholz, Anja [Verfasser]. "Cyberbullying : Risk and Protective Factors, Consequences and Prevention / Anja Schultze-Krumbholz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076038808/34.
27
Dowty, Gregg. "Significant Adults as Protective Factors: Retrospective Views of At-Risk Youth." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DowtyG2005.pdf.
28
Lounsbury, Catherine J. "Risk and Protective Factors of Secondary Traumatic Stress in Crisis Counselors." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LounsburyCJ2006.pdf.
29
Cheng, Hsiu-Lan. "Body image dissatisfaction of college women potential risk and protective factors /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4493.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 25, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
30
Chang, Vickie Ya-Rong. "Persistent peer victimization among ethnically diverse adolescents risk and protective factors /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1472129671&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
31
Choi, Yoonsun. "Risk and protective factors of problem behaviors among ethnic minority adolescents /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11168.
32
Davidovich, Shiri D. "Examining cognitive risk and protective factors involved in liability to depression." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041289/.
Анотація:
Major depressive disorder is characterized by emotion dysregulation and an imbalance between negative and positive affect. Cognitive impairments may underlie the difficulties with emotion regulation shown in depression. However, additional studies are needed to explore cognitive risk and protective factors for depression, especially with regard to cognitive processes involved in information processing that are assessed using performance based measures. This thesis explored three areas of cognitive processes that have been highlighted as potential risk and protective factors: executive functions, specificity of autobiographical memory and reward processing. These were examined with a focus on individuals at familial risk for depression. First, the protective role of executive functioning was explored for adolescent offspring of depressed parents. This examination found that in the presence of a current depressive episode in the parent, adolescents with better executive functions had fewer depressive symptoms. Second, specificity in retrieval of autobiographical memory was examined as a predictor of mental health resilience and social functioning in the same high risk sample. This revealed that impairment in retrieving specific memories was associated with lower mood resilience and poorer social functioning over time. Third, associations between reward learning behavior in a social context and indices of familial risk, anhedonia, depressive symptoms and social functioning were examined in a sample of young adult offspring of parents with and without a history of depression. The findings suggested that familial risk, anhedonia and social functioning were associated with specific patterns of reward learning behavior. Finally, due to a lack of measures evaluating reward processing in adolescents, particularly in a social context, I developed and validated a novel measure to assess sensitivity to social rewards in adolescents. Altogether, the findings presented in the thesis advance understanding of cognitive risk and protective factors in depression, especially in the context of individuals at familial risk for depression.
33
Shettler, Lauren C. "Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Smoking in Rural versus Urban Environments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35134.
Анотація:
Although considerable literature can be found concerning the etiology of cigarette smoking, research suggests that a major gap exists pertaining to predictors of adolescent smoking for rural populations. The purpose of this study is to compare risk and protective factors for adolescents living in rural and urban environments. An ecological framework was used to examine variables from the individual, family, peer, school, and community contexts. The influence of these variables was assessed on a sample of (n=3,166) 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students from Virginia public schools. Linear regression analyses revealed that parental attitudes and best friends' smoking behavior was influential in the smoking behavior of both rural and urban adolescents. School and community level variables were only influential in smoking behavior among the urban adolescents.Master of Science
34
Meyer, Mark A. "Protective factors and risk factors of HIV infection of Mexican-American gay men a dissertation /." San Antonio : UTHSC, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1500082931&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=70986&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
35
Abrams-Terry, Michelle. "Academically Resilient English Language Learners: A Focus Group Study Exploring Risk Factors and Protective Factors." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3361.
Анотація:
In this study, the researcher explored high school English language learners’ perceptions of risk factors and protective factors present in their academic and social lives. The researcher also explored how these students negotiated risk factors and used protective factors to be academically resilient. Therefore, the study was designed to examine academic resilience from the students’ perspectives, allowing them to share their story about their success in high school. The following research questions guided this study: (1) What risk factors are present in high school English language learners’ academic and social lives? and (2) Which protective factors do high school English language learners use to be academically resilient? The researcher collected and analyzed qualitative data using key characteristics of focus group analysis. Nine students voluntarily participated in three different semi-structured focus group meetings. The findings revealed that risk factors such as lack of English language ability, low expectations of teachers, inability to form new relationships, stress, and inattentiveness prevented students from being successful. In addition, the students discussed how several protective factors like learning English, establishing and maintaining positive relationships, establishing and implementing good study habits, and possessing certain inner qualities helped them be academically resilient. Two themes that emerged were students (1) choosing to be academically resilient and (2) actively seeking sources of help. Based on this study, suggestions for educators are as follows: (1) consider providing more language support for newcomers; (2) include and build upon parent-school and teacher-student relationships; (3) encourage and provide ways for students to form relationships with others through school-based programs; (4) foster and continue to support the growth of the students’ academic skills; (5) find ways for students to become more involved with community-based services and programs; and (6) stress the importance of holding all students to high standards, regardless of students’ English language proficiency levels.
36
Ni, Yanyan. "Child discipline and maltreatment in Zhejiang Province of China : perceptions, risk factors, experiences and impacts." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10053318/.
Анотація:
Objectives: To explore multiple aspects of child maltreatment in China, including perceptions, risk factors, experiences and negative effects, with a focus on the role of parental aggression and parental childhood maltreatment, as well as the independent effects of different types of maltreatment on child emotional and behavioural problems. Methods: The study sites were urban and rural areas of Zhejiang Province, China. A mixed-method design was used: semi-structured interviews with 11 young adults, 21 parents and nine children, three focus group discussions with 22 children, and questionnaire surveys with 1,201 young adults, 576 parents and 791 children. Results: Physical and emotional maltreatment, before age 18, were reported by 81% and 82% of young adults respectively. Personal experience of emotional maltreatment was generally perceived as more harmful than physical. Lifetime prevalence of maltreatment reported by parents and children was - physical: 56% vs 50%; emotional: 75% vs 59%; non-contact punishment: 21% vs 18%. 21% of the children reported experiencing three or four types of maltreatment (including witnessing domestic violence). Parents with higher aggressive tendencies were more likely to maltreat children. Parental aggression was an explanatory factor for the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment. Emotional maltreatment was consistently associated with a higher risk of child emotional and conduct problems. Severe physical maltreatment showed the strongest association with abnormal conduct. Moderate physical maltreatment was independently associated with emotional problems. There was an increased risk with multiple types of maltreatment. The qualitative research adds useful insights into the perceptions of child maltreatment in China from different perspectives. Children’s and young adults’ perceptions of maltreatment experiences were focused on parents’ intentions. Most parents perceived physical punishment and verbal aggression as necessary in disciplining children. Some parents were more reflective of their aggressive behaviours towards children and were more willing to change their disciplinary methods. Conclusions: The pervasiveness of child maltreatment and the considerable harm caused to children and young adults suggest an urgent need for raising public awareness, educating parents and introducing a formal child protection system in China.
37
Navarro, Christi M. "Gender Differences in the Influence of Protective Factors, Risk Factors, and Health Risk Behaviors on HIV Risk Behaviors Among Youth in South Florida." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/845.
Анотація:
Adolescents engage in a range of risk behaviors during their transition from childhood to adulthood. Identifying and understanding interpersonal and socio-environmental factors that may influence risk-taking is imperative in order to meet the Healthy People 2020 goals of reducing the incidence of unintended pregnancies, HIV, and other sexually transmitted infections among youth. The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in the predictors of HIV risk behaviors among South Florida youth. More specifically, this study examined how protective factors, risk factors, and health risk behaviors, derived from a guiding framework using the Theory of Problem Behavior and Theory of Gender and Power, were associated with HIV risk behavior.
A secondary analysis of 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data sets from Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach school districts tested hypotheses for factors associated with HIV risk behaviors. The sample consisted of 5,869 high school students (mean age 16.1 years), with 69% identifying as Black or Hispanic. Logistic regression analyses revealed gender differences in the predictors of HIV risk behavior. An increase in the health risk behaviors was related to an increase in the odds that a student would engage in HIV risk behavior. An increase in risk factors was also found to significantly predict an increase in the odds of HIV risk behavior, but only in females. Also, the probability of participation in HIV risk behavior increased with grade level.
Post-hoc analyses identified recent sexual activity (past 3 months) as the strongest predictor of condom nonuse and having four or more sexual partners for both genders. The strongest predictors of having sex under the influence of drugs/alcohol were alcohol use in both genders, marijuana use in females, and physical fighting in males. Gender differences in the predictors of unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and having sex under the influence were also found.
Additional studies are warranted to understand the gender differences in predictors of HIV risk behavior among youth in order to better inform prevention programming and policy, as well as meet the national Healthy People 2020 goals.
38
Quickfall, Melanie. "Single mothers, income, and health, an analysis of risk and protective factors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ44824.pdf.
39
Stockl, Heidi. "Partner violence during pregnancy and its risk and protective factors in Germany." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516968.
40
Vien, Anh. "An investigation into the risk and protective factors associated with youth offending." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/852/.
Анотація:
This thesis examines risk and protective factors associated with youth offending and how these have been applied to legislation, prevention and intervention. The first chapter reviews current trends in youth offending and approaches to treatment and interventions with young offenders. The second chapter reviews current literature on risk and protective factors to youth offending and how this has radically changed the Youth Justice System. The risk and protective factors paradigm is then applied to an empirical research study in the third chapter. Findings from the empirical research study suggest that completers and non-completers of a community based program differ in terms of their anger levels and their current educational status. The fourth chapter applies the risk and protective factors paradigm to a qualitative case study in order to demonstrate the intrinsic relationship between risk and protective factors and the applicability of the paradigm to interventions. Chapter five presents a critique of the Children’s Nowicki-Strickland Internal External (CNSIE) locus of control scale, as internal locus of control has been identified as protective factor to youth offending. However, findings from the empirical study and case study suggests that locus of control is not a protective factor for the current sample. The main conclusion derived from the thesis is identification of risk and protective factors associated with youth offending is relatively simple. However applying and implementing protective factors in intervention is much more difficult in reality. This has implications for future initiatives aimed at preventing youth offending.
41
Griffis, Nelson Glenn. "Factors influencing the implementation of risk-assessment technology in child protective services /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148786754173161.
42
Monopoli, W. John. "Risk and Protective Factors for Patterns of Bullying Involvement in Middle SchoolStudents." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1594386817901039.
43
Watson, Bronwyn. "Sexual Abuse of Girls and Adult Couple Relationships: Risk and Protective Factors." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365974.
Анотація:
Child sexual abuse (CSA) of girls is common and associated with a range of negative adult outcomes, especially difficulties in intimate relationships. However, CSA does not inevitably result in these outcomes. Aspects of the abuse and the family environment, and several mediating variables influence the association between CSA and adult relationship outcomes. However, researchers have been unable to reliably determine which CSA survivors will experience negative relationship outcomes in adulthood. This thesis sought to describe the abuse and family-of-origin characteristics which account for the variability in adult relationship functioning of CSA survivors. This thesis also sought to examine variables that mediate the association between CSA and adult relationship functioning. Five thousand women (18 to 41 years) were randomly selected from the electoral roll and sent a questionnaire examining childhood experiences and adult relationship functioning: 1,335 responses were received. CSA was reported by 45% of the sample and was associated with a range of negative adult relationship outcomes. Using latent class analysis of their abuse characteristics CSA survivors were divided into three meaningfully different classes: the family, friend, and stranger abuse classes. Women in the family abuse class compared to other CSA survivors experienced the most severe abuse, the highest rate of family-of-origin dysfunction, the lowest rate of adult relationship satisfaction, and the highest rate of separation and divorce. CSA survivors, particularly those abused by a family member or friend, compared to nonabused women were more likely to develop an insecure attachment to their adult partner and extreme gender role beliefs. An insecure adult attachment and extreme gender role beliefs predicted the use of more destructive and fewer constructive coping strategies, which was associated with negative relationship outcomes including relationship and sexual dissatisfaction and partner sexual coercion. The classification of CSA used in the current study provides greater specificity in identifying those CSA survivors most at risk of experiencing relationship difficulties in adulthood. The findings of the current study also suggest that increasing CSA survivors’ use of constructive coping skills and decreasing their use of destructive strategies would assist them to have more positive experiences in their adult intimate relationships.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD)
School of Psychology
Faculty of Health
Full Text
44
Kaniuka, Andrea R., M. Montgomery, Byron D. Brooks, Fuschia M. Sirois, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Suicidal Behavior Among Fibromyalgia Patients: What Are the Risk and Protective Factors?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/627.
45
Linscott, Jessica. "THE INTERGENERATIONAL CONTINUITY OF CHILD MALTREATMENT: AN EXAMINATION OF ADOLESCENT, YOUNG ADULT, AND REPRODUCTIVE RISK FACTORS AMONG HIGH-RISK WOMEN." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23090.
Анотація:
Although a history of childhood maltreatment is widely considered to be a risk factor for the perpetration of abuse or neglect in successive generations, the intergenerational transmission theory of child maltreatment has demonstrated mixed support over more than three decades of research. Using a prospective, longitudinal design, this study sought to investigate adolescent, young adult, and reproductive risk factors for the intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment, analyzing data from a sample of 147 women with a history of childhood maltreatment and child welfare services involvement (CWS), juvenile justice system (JJS) involvement, and out-of-home placements. The participants were originally recruited in adolescence for a randomized control trial (RCT) assessing the impact of the Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) intervention. Maltreatment continuity was measured using both official CWS records and participant self-report of contact with CWS. More than half the sample (n = 79, 53.7%) demonstrated maltreatment discontinuity (MD), indicating no evidence of maltreatment of offspring, and under half demonstrated maltreatment continuity (MC; n = 68, 46.3%). Using separate logistic regression analyses to test three models, results indicated that higher levels of hard drug use in adolescence increased the likelihood of maltreatment continuity at young adult follow-up by 47%. Partner risk in young adulthood was a strong predictor of maltreatment continuity, increasing the likelihood of maltreatment of offspring by over 2 times, or 103%. Marijuana use in young adulthood also emerged as strong predictor of MC, but not in the expected direction: higher levels of marijuana use were associated with a 56% decreased likelihood of MC. An older age at first birth significantly predicted a 52% decreased likelihood of maltreating offspring. Study limitations, future directions, and implications for interventions are discussed.
46
Jones, Anastasia. "The Homeless Adolescent Population: Complexity, Protective Factors, and Prevention." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/230.
Анотація:
The growing number of people living below the poverty line has made homelessness a topic of interest, once again. This paper focuses on the homeless adolescent population that is often overlooked, and explores the complexity of the homeless situation, and how there is no definite solution to overcome homelessness. At-risk and homeless adolescents are affected by many negative factors that cause them to seek early independence, such as parenting style, finical instability, lack of an education, drugs and alcohol, physical and sexual abuse, all of which are discussed in this paper. Along with the negative factors, there are protective barriers that can potentially help an at-risk adolescent but are ineffective once the adolescent is homeless. This paper also addresses how we as a society can be more proactive in helping this population, and be aware if the warning signs that can lead a youth to decide to run away and eventually end up homeless.
47
Ahonen, Lia. "In presence of risk, what protective factors keep preschool children from displaying conduct problems?" Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2616.
Анотація:
Children that are expressing or are exposed to risk factors experience an elevated risk of developing later psychosocial maladjustment, such as conduct problems. However, all children exposed to risk do not express conduct problems, but develop normally. The aim of the present study was to examine potential protective factors among children exposed to risk, that separate children expressing conduct problem behavior from those who do not. In the study, preschool teachers and parents of 298 three- to five-year-old children participated. Risk factors of the individual, conduct problem behavior, and relationship oriented protective factors were examined. The results indicate that positive peer relationships are important for preschool children´s psychosocial development, while family factors, such as parent's disciplinary style, seem less important.
48
Williams, Nia Gwawr. "Exploring young carers' school based resilience : a focus on risk and protective factors." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/94624/.
Анотація:
This study aimed to explore the educational experiences of Young Carers. Specifically the study aims to identify a set of education related risk and protective factors specific to Young Carers that may increase their school based resilience. The study used a mixed methods approach to try and gain a richer picture of these young people’s experiences. A participatory approach was used, as these Young Carers were deemed best placed to identify their own risk and protective factors. For the first part 6 Young Carers took part in a focus group. Risk and protective factors were identified and further discussions were transcribed and analysed using Thematic Analysis. For the second part a questionnaire was created from the factors identified in the focus group. The questionnaire was completed by 45 Young Carers between the ages of 8 and 18 and these were analysed based on the research questions identified. Results found a range of risk and protective factors influencing Young Carers’ school based resilience such as bullying, quality friendships, lack of awareness in schools and non-judgmental support from school staff. Additionally older Young Carers noted more negative experiences of school than their younger peers. These results are discussed in further detail with particular focus on their relation to research as well as Educational Psychologists’ practice.
49
Rommel, Anna Sophie. "A cognitive-neurophysiological investigation of ADHD, associated disorders and risk or protective factors." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-cognitiveneurophysiological-investigation-of-adhd-associated-disorders-and-risk-or-protective-factors(37120855-35fa-4e68-a97d-d5ae69564bf6).html.
Анотація:
This thesis uses a combination of cognitive-neurophysiological and genetically-sensitive longitudinal designs to study the associations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with bipolar disorder (BD) and preterm birth, as well as with the risk or protective factors IQ and physical activity. Previous research on preterm-born individuals and individuals with BD suggests ADHD-like symptoms and cognitive impairments, but direct comparisons are limited. Here, we first examine how cortical activity patterns differ between women with adult ADHD and women with BD during rest and task conditions to identify impairments that are specific to or shared between the disorders. The findings provide evidence for commonalities in brain dysfunction between ADHD and BD: frontal theta power may play a role as a marker of neurobiological processes in both disorders. Second, we investigate whether the ADHD-like symptoms and cognitive-neurophysiological impairments seen in preterm-born adolescents are identical to those in ADHD by directly comparing ADHD symptom scores and performance on a cognitive-neurophysiological test battery sensitive to impairments in ADHD across preterm-born adolescents, term-born adolescents with ADHD and term-born controls. We find that ADHD symptoms are increased in the preterm group compared to controls. The analyses further indicate similarities in brain function between ADHD and preterm birth, as well as unique impairments in the preterm group. Taken together, these results suggest that preterm birth may present a risk factor for both ADHD and additional impairments. Third, using twin data we carry out a developmental-genetic analysis of the association between ADHD and IQ, showing that ADHD symptoms and IQ scores significantly predict each other over time. Finally, we explore a putative protective factor for ADHD by investigating the effect of physical activity on ADHD symptoms. Using a population-based sample of twins, we show that physical activity is inversely associated with ADHD symptoms, even after adjusting for unmeasured confounding. Overall, we demonstrate certain commonalities in brain dysfunction between ADHD and BD. Whereas preterm birth and lower IQ present risk factors for ADHD, physical activity emerges as a potential protective factor.
50
Laye-Gindhu, Aviva Mia. "Nonsuicidal self-injury in street-involved adolescents : identification of risk and protective factors." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36741.
Анотація:
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), or the deliberate, direct, self-inflicted injury to body tissue that occurs in the absence of suicidal intent and developmental disabilities, is a serious and increasingly prevalent health risk among adolescents. Evidence suggests that vulnerable adolescents, such those that are street-involved, are at high risk for negative health outcomes, including NSSI. Using a theoretically and empirically derived model of risk and resilience, this study is the first to identify a broad range of risk and protective factors associated with NSSI. The study involved secondary analysis of data gathered using the Street-Involved Youth Health Survey (SYHS) with a sample of 762 adolescents aged 12-18 across British Columbia. Prevalence of NSSI was 56% and 34% for females and males, respectively, with sexual minority youth three times more likely to report this behaviour.
Results from a series of logistic regression analyses revealed different models of risk and protection for males and females. At the multivariate level, the strongest risk factors for females were previous suicide attempt, risky behaviour, experiencing more consequences of substance use, sexual abuse by two or more perpetrators, and maternal problems. For males, the strongest risk factors were previous suicide attempt, risky behaviour, and being victim of relational aggression. The strongest modifiable protective factors for males and females were better emotional health and family connectedness, with school peer relations for males and subjective health status for females also showing significance. Probability profiles created from different combinations of the final set of salient factors highlight not only the multiplicative risk at play in these youths` lives but also the impact of protective factors to offset risk. For boys, with three risk factors (RF) and three protective factors (PF), the likelihood of NSSI ranged from 9% (0-RF, 3-PF) to 90% (3-RF, 0-PF). For girls, with three risk factors and two protective factors, the likelihood of NSSI ranged from 19% (0-RF, 2-PF) to 99% (3-RF, 0-PF). Profiles in this study underscore the value of risk and protection as powerful tools for developing the knowledge base on NSSI and for guiding prevention and intervention efforts.