Дисертації з теми "Rise of complex societies"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Rise of complex societies.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-48 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Rise of complex societies".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Breunig, Peter. "Origin of Complex Societies in Sub-Saharan Africa." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113406.
Анотація:
This article considers the earliest evidence of complex societies in sub-Saharan Africa. The evidence derives from two archaeological entities located in Nigeria, West Africa: the Gajiganna Culture of the Chad Basin and the Nok Culture of Central Nigeria. Studies of both cultures, carried out by the author’s team during the last years, indicate a significant cultural change during the 1st millennium BC. The change concerns social, economic, and technological aspects, described and discussed for each of the two mentioned cases. It is supposed that the change was a nucleus of social complexity that triggered further developments up to the great West African empires emerging from the end of the 1st millennium AD onwards.El presente artículo trata acerca de las evidencias más tempranas de sociedades complejas en el África subsahariana procedentes de dos entidades arqueológicas ubicadas en Nigeria, en la parte occidental de este continente: la cultura Gajiganna, localizada en la cuenca del Chad, y la cultura Nok, del área central de este país. Los estudios realizados acerca de estas dos sociedades por parte del equipo dirigido por el autor durante los últimos años indican una transformación cultural significativa durante el primer milenio a.C. Este cambio se relaciona con aspectos sociales, económicos y tecnológicos particulares que se describen y discuten para cada uno de los casos mencionados. Se postula que ese proceso constituyó el núcleo de la complejidad social que desencadenó desarrollos posteriores hasta llegar a los grandes imperios del África Occidental que surgieron hacia fines del primer milenio d.C. y en adelante.
2
Mathias, Florent. "Forger le ciel aux âges des métaux : représentations, imaginaire et connaissances célestes dans le Nord-Ouest de l’Europe entre 2500 et 500 av. J.-C." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H079.
Анотація:
Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objectif d’étudier l'appréhension du ciel par les hommes durant une période chronologique s’étendant des derniers siècles du Néolithique – au milieu du IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. – jusqu’à la fin de l’Âge du bronze nordique, en 500 av. J.-C. Ce travail, à la croisée de l’archéologie, de l’histoire des sciences, de l’astronomie et de l’anthropologie sociale , s’appuiera sur de nombreux vestiges matériels témoignant des différentes conceptions du ciel élaborées par les hommes, afin d’appréhender le degré de connaissances relatives au ciel et à ses phénomènes acquis et d’apprécier la pénétration de ce savoir dans les activités, la pensée et l'iconographie des sociétés protohistoriques sans écriture du Chalcolithique, de l'Âge du bronze et du Hallstatt. Les multiples interactions attestées entre les sociétés européennes et méditerranéennes seront également considérées pour établir la part potentielle des influences orientales dans la construction d’une approche empirique du ciel dans le Nord-Ouest de l'Europe. Au terme de cette recherche, une importante lacune relative aux prémices de l’astronomie occidentale, et plus largement à la compréhension des sociétés de l’Europe protohistorique, se trouvera mieux documentéeThis doctoral thesis is a study of man’s experience and understanding of the skies from the last centuries of the Neolithic – in the middle of the third millennium B.C. – until the end of the Nordic Bronze Age in 500 B.C. This work is at the crossroads of archaeology, the history of science, astronomy and social anthropology and will be based on a number of material remains that are evidence of the varied conceptions man developed of the heavens in that period. Examination and evaluation of these remains are a means of assessing the depth of man’s knowledge of the sky and its phenomena and the degree to which this knowledge impacted the activities, thinking and iconography of the protohistoric societies that had not yet developed writing in the Chalcolithic, the Bronze Age and the Hallstatt period. The many documented interactions between European and Mediterranean societies will also be examined to determine any part Eastern influences may have played in framing an empirical approach to the sky in north-west Europe. It is hoped that, once this research is concluded, this more thorough documentation will help address the current information void on the beginnings of Western astronomy and, more broadly, our understanding of the societies of protohistoric Europe
3
Ramos, Martín Jesús. "Complex systems and exosomatic energy metabolism of human societies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4068.
Анотація:
La presente Tesis se centra en la importancia que tienen los flujos de energía para explicar la evolución de las economías en el tiempo, de menor a mayor organización, de menor a mayor complejidad. El desarrollo económico es un proceso, no un objetivo final para ninguna sociedad. Está relacionado con la evolució n de los sistemas humanos así como con su interacción con el entorno. Por lo tanto, se necesita un enfoque biofísico para poder entender mejor el proceso de desarrollo. Por ello esta tesis incluye una primera parte teórica y una parte empírica.La primera parte consiste en 5 capítulos, principalmente de contenido teórico. Esta parte trata la relación entre la teoría económica, la teoría de los sistemas complejos y la termodinámica. El Capítulo 1 presenta de forma breve la relación entre complejidad, energía y economía, que son tratadas con más detalle en el resto de la tesis. El Capítulo 2 presenta el análisis energético bajo el enfoque de las diferentes escuelas de pensamiento económico. Se da particular énfasis al retorno al interés clásico en la producció n, tal y como recientemente surge entre aquellos que se llaman "economistas ecológicos". De hecho, uno de los mayores avances de éstos ha sido la incorporación de aspectos de la termodinámica al análisis económico. En particular, se habla de la importancia de la Segunda Ley de la Termodinámica y de su resultado más importante, la irreversibilidad de los procesos, que pone de manifiesto la importancia de la Historia. El Capítulo 3 trata de forma breve los temas de complejidad y autoorganización. El Capítulo 4 usa los conceptos desarrollados en capítulos anteriores para caracterizar a los sitemas humanos (p.e. economías) como sistemas abiertos lejos del equilibrio (termodinámico). Se presentan, a su vez, sus principales características, entre las que destacan su carácter jerárquico y su funcionamiento a través de ciclos auto-catalíticos que unen los diferentes niveles del sistema. La evolución de los sistemas económicos es el tema del Capítulo 5, tanto desde una perspectiva económica tradicional como desde una evolutiva, en la que 'la historia cuenta'. La explicación se basa en el análisis termodinámico, en donde el énfasis está en la relación entre la disipación de energía y el desarrollo. La segunda parte de la tesis consiste en 4 artículos publicados en revistas internacionales (capítulos 6 a 9), y un artículo que será enviado próximamente a una revista y que será presentado en una conferencia internacional en el verano de 2005. El primero de los artículos (Capítulo 6) es todavía de tipo teórico, tratando el tema del empirismo en economía ecológica para analizar la evolución de las sociedades. El Segundo (Capítulo 7) presenta la primera aplicación que hice en 2001 de la metodología MSIASM, para analizar la evolución de la economía española en el tiempo, y ayuda al lector a familiarizarse con la metodología.
El tercer artículo (Capítulo 8) vuelve a ser de carácter teórico, pero representa un avance y desarrollo teórico, y ayuda a entender las potencialidades que presenta la metodología utilizada, por medio de la inclusión de conceptos como el 'efecto mosaico' o el 'análisis de ciclos impredicativos', que ayudan a desarrollar mejor la narrativas a usar cuando analizamos temas de sustentabilidad. El cuarto artículo (Capítulo 9) presenta otra aplicación de MSIASM. En este caso se trata de entender las posibilidades que ofrece la metodología para ayudar a explicar trayectorias pasadas de desarrollo, así como para elaborar escenarios futuros de desarrollo. El quinto artículo (Capítulo 10) es la última aplicación, hasta el momento, de la misma metodología. El artículo representa un análisis del desarrollo económico de un actor principal en la economía mundial en la actualidad, China, para ofrecer respuestas diferentes a las típicas preguntas sobre la relación entre desarrollo y disipación de energía.
The present dissertation deals with the issue of the importance of energy flows in driving the evolution of economies on time, from less to more organised structures. From less to more complex systems. Economic development is a process, not a final goal to be achieved by any society. It is related to the economic evolution of human systems as well as with their interaction with the environment. Therefore, a biophysical analysis is needed to fully understand the process. The Thesis comprises both a theoretical and an empirical part. The first one consists of Chapters 1 to 5, which are mainly of theoretical content. This is the part dealing with the relationship between economic theory, complex systems theory and thermodynamics. Chapter 1 briefly presents the relationships between complexity, energy, and economics that are developed with more detail throughout the Thesis. Chapter 2 presents energy analysis under the framework of the different schools of economic thought. Stress is given to the revival of the classical interest in production, as we can find among those who call themselves "ecological economists". In fact, one of their major advances of this school has been the incorporation of the insights of thermodynamics to economic analysis. They have mainly used the Second Law of thermodynamics and its major result, the irreversibility of processes, and therefo re the importance of History. Chapter 3 deals with the issue of complexity and self-organisation. Chapter 4 uses the concepts developed in previous chapters to characterise human systems (i.e. economies) as open complex systems far from (thermodynamic) equilibrium. Their major characteristics are presented, focusing on their hierarchical structure and their functioning via autocatalytic loops that link each level of the system. The evolution of economic systems is analysed in Chapter 5, both from a traditional economic perspective and from an evolutionary one, in which 'history counts'. The explanation is based on thermodynamic analysis, in the sense than the relation between energy dissipation and development is the focus. The second part consists of 4 published papers in international refereed journals (Chapters 6 to 9) and one paper to be submitted soon after it is presented at an international conference in July 2005 (Chapter 10). The first of the papers (Chapter 6) is still theoretical, dealing with the issue of empiricism in the field of ecological economics to analyse the evolution of societies. The second one (Chapter 7) presents the first application I made back in 2001 of the MSIASM methodology, to analyse the evolution of the Spanish economy over time, and helps the reader to be familiar with the methodology. The third paper (Chapter 8) represents a step forward in the theoretical development of the approach used, and helps in fully understanding the potentialities of such methodology, by introducing key concepts such as 'mosaic effect' or 'impredicative loop analysis', that help developing better narratives for using when analysing sustainability. The fourth paper (Chapter 9) presents another application of MSIASM, this time for understanding its possibilities to help explain past trajectories of development and to help elaborate scenarios of future development. The fifth paper (Chapter 10) is the last application of the methodology. The paper represents an analysis of the economic development of a major actor nowadays, China, by applying MSIASM to try to get different answers to the usual questions regarding the relationship between economic development and energy dissipation.
4
Erdosy, G. "Urbanisation and the evolution of complex societies in the Early Historic Ganges Valley." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273086.
5
Specht, Joshua Albert. "Red Meat Republic: The Rise of the Cattle-Beef Complex, 1865-1906." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11599.
Анотація:
"Red Meat Republic: The Rise of the Cattle-Beef Complex, 1865-1906," examines the consolidation of the American meatpacking and ranching industries. Supplying urban consumers with inexpensive beef required a form of industrialized animal husbandry that had high costs, both human and environmental. In spite of these costs - the source of widespread criticism and public unease - this system has persisted in roughly the same shape for nearly a century. I argue this resilience depends on a set of widely accepted narratives that made centralized meatpacking appear natural and inevitable. Whether rooted in cultural discourses justifying Indian land expropriation or technological arguments rationalizing market concentration, particular narratives enabled the historical processes integral to the rise of big meatpacking. "Red Meat Republic" critiques these narratives and offers an alternate account of industrial animal husbandry's origins.History
6
Tahir, Sabri. "Humanitarian Interventions in Complex Societies : A comparative study of Kosovo, Libya and Somalia Interventions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-321419.
Анотація:
This thesis examines and compares the humanitarian interventions in Kosovo, Libya and Somalia. The purpose of this study is to examine if the presence of strong tribal structures within a nation can increase the risk of terrorist activities, and subsequently contribute to a failed state following a humanitarian intervention. By applying a theory on tribes and critical terrorism studies, this thesis argues that policymakers might underestimate the significance of tribal structure within a state, before intervening. With Mills method of concomitant variation, this thesis has examined and compared the leadership, interventions, radical presence, and tribal structures of Kosovo, Libya and Somalia. This thesis has also examined if interventions can increase radicalism. The result from the analysis shows us that the presence of strong tribal structures can increase the terrorist activities and subsequently contribute to a failed state. Humanitarian intervention can further lengthen the weak state apparatus if the external actors neglect of the local structures of a state.
7
Cooper, Jeffrey Hawley. "A renaissance in the nineteenth-century : the rise of French instrumental music and Parisian concert societies : 1828-1871 /." Ann Arbor : UMI, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37059845q.
8
Lee, Terence Wenjun. "Evolution of clonal complex 17 Enterococcus facium: The rise and fall of outbreaks." Thesis, Lee, Terence Wenjun (2019) Evolution of clonal complex 17 Enterococcus facium: The rise and fall of outbreaks. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/55449/.
Анотація:
Enterococcus faecium is an opportunistic pathogen which has evolved from a commensal of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract microbiome to one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections globally. Hospital-adapted E. faecium strains, identified as members of clonal complex (CC)17, typically harbour a variety of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes, including resistance to vancomycin, an essential glycopeptide antimicrobial used to treat severe Gram-positive infections. In Australia, the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Enterococcal Sepsis Outcome Program (AESOP) identified approximately 50% of E. faecium causing blood stream infections (BSI) from 2015-2017 as 48 vancomycin resistant. Compared to similar reports, the prevalence of vancomycin resistant E. faecium (VREfm) in Australia was higher than any nation within the European Economic Area (Highest, 43.9%, Cyprus, 2017) suggesting a serious and growing public health issue in Australia.
To determine if VREfm in Australia were becoming more virulent and/or antimicrobial resistant, vancomycin non-susceptible E. faecium collected as part of a 15-year surveillance program monitoring patients admitted to high risk units at Royal Perth Hospital (RPH) were whole genome sequenced (WGS) and analysed in silico. Of the 1,372 vancomycin non-susceptible E. faecium collected, 93.7% of isolates belonged to seven sequence types (STs) which were responsible for eight single strain outbreaks occurring mostly from 2010 to 2015. Except for ST173, outbreak causing STs at RPH were pandemic strains which have been previously reported internationally and across Australia. Phylogenetically, isolates were clustered according to STs with each cluster emerging from independent branches suggesting outbreak STs were distantly related. Virulence and antimicrobial profiles for each ST were shown to be unique with no increase in virulence or antimicrobial resistance observed with respect to the chronological order of outbreaks or phylogenetic order. Multiple analogous antimicrobial resistance genes were identified indicating the independent acquisition of resistance amongst the STs and suggesting its importance in strain survival.
With no increase in virulence and antimicrobial resistance observed in pandemic strains of E. faecium at RPH, subsequent investigations to determine the cause of high VREfm prevalence 68 in Australia focused on E. faecium collected by the AGAR AESOP. Each year, the AGAR AESOP monitors levels of antimicrobial resistance in Enterococci causing BSI throughout Australia. Since 2015, a WGS approach to surveillance was adopted by AGAR for AESOP sequencing all E. faecium referred by participating laboratories. Using bioinformatics, E. faecium from 2015-2017 were shown to form three main phylogenetic clusters consisting of (i) predominantly vancomycin susceptible isolates which did not harbour any van operons, (ii) predominantly VREfm isolates harbouring the vanA operon and (iii) predominantly VREfm isolates harbouring the vanB operon. Further investigations of the two VREfm dominant clusters responsible for the high prevalence of VREfm in Australia revealed isolates located on distal phylogenetic branches showed increased prevalence of the respective vanA or vanB operons compared to basal isolates. The findings suggest the development of an affinity between certain E. faecium strains with a particular van genotype. As a result, the majority of ST1421 and ST1424 isolates located on the distal branches of the vanA dominant cluster, harboured the vanA operon while the majority of ST555 and ST796 isolates located on the distal branches of the vanB dominant cluster, harboured the vanB operon. Additionally, in clusters with increased van operon prevalence, an increased 30-day all-cause patient mortality and increased number of isolates was observed.
The vanA and vanB operons conferring vancomycin resistance identified in AGAR AESOP isolates are located on mobile genetic elements which can be transferred between bacteria. To investigate the transmission of van operons, additional insertion sequences (ISs) identified between van genes were used to type each van operon. Five IS elements were identified within vanA operons while three IS elements were identified within vanB operons. In combination with van genes, eight vanA operon types and five vanB operon types were identified in the 2015-2017 AGAR AESOP collection of E. faecium isolates. The majority of IS elements were identified in intergenic regions between the regulatory, essential and accessory gene groups of the vanA and vanB operon. Phylogenetic analysis showed vanA and vanB operons clustered according to isolate STs suggesting van operons were mostly inherited via vertical transmission. The operon from vanA dominant strains ST1421 and ST1424, and the operon from vanB dominant strains ST555 and ST796 were distantly related to international reference operons suggesting that the majority of locally distributed vanA and vanB operons in Australia have evolved independently rather than from international VREfm.
In conclusion, pandemic strains of VREfm in Australia showed no indication of increasing virulence or antimicrobial resistance over time. Analysis of E. faecium causing BSI in Australia showed three phylogenetic clusters, of which, two were dominant for the vanA and vanB operon respectively and were responsible for the high VREfm prevalence observed in Australia. Both VREfm dominant clusters showed increasing prevalence of the respective vanA or vanB operons in isolates located toward the distal branches of the phylogenetic tree suggesting a strain-van operon affinity. Typing of the vanA and vanB operons suggests van operons identified in Australia were locally distributed and are distantly related to van operons from international VREfm.
9
Do, Monte Karyna. "Environmental stewardship and the fate of the Brazilian Amazon : a case study of the Madeira Complex." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3067.
Анотація:
The present paper analyzes a case study of the Madeira Complex, which plans to build two massive dams on the Amazon River's largest tributary, to identify religious discourse in ecological debates. Three sides of the debate are investigated in order to analyze the various perspectives of proper human relations with the rest of nature that emerge. The Brazilian government and large corporations support the project as a necessary step to meet future national energy needs, the indigenous groups settled in federal territories that are directly affected by the environmental impact of the project and have mixed opinions, and environmentalist organizations starkly opposed to the project because of its impact on the environment. Each perspective reflects a Christian model of stewardship, where humans are responsible for the management of the rest of nature, and even the indigenous worldview adapts this dominant perspective in order to gain visibility in the debate. This debate reveals how the stewardship model can be a subtle form of neo-colonization of indigenous people and of ecosystems.
10
Estrada, Belli Francisco. "The evolution of complex societies in Southeastern pacific coastal Guatemala : a regional GIS archaeological approach /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400166521.
11
Wang, Manting. "Rosslyn Waterfront Complex: Bridge the City and the River Architecturally." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82152.
Анотація:
I consider that either walking along the riverbank or floating down the river by boat and enjoying the journey by interacting with nature is a fundamental human right. Wandering in the concrete jungle, humming while beatboxing, dancing, and skateboarding can also be great pleasures. However, as cities increasingly cover over nature with urban constructions, highways, for instance, they deprive people's right to access the river by erecting a barrier between city and nature. Citizens are the reason that cities exist. So many vivid social activities happen in the concrete jungle every day. Yet, out urban lifestyles belittle nature as it is obscured by the city. It would be much more beautiful, inspiring, and healthy if we can find ways to develop cities in harmony with nature, allowing citizens to bring our urban textures to the ever-flowing river. In my thesis, I explore the possibilities of bringing the city and the river, architecturally.Master of Architecture
12
Timpeanu, Elena. "The rise of complex society in the eastern Carpatho-Danubian region (last millennium B.C.)." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057082094.
13
Urselmans, Linda. "Agent-based modelling of complex systems in political science : social norms and tolerance in immigrant societies." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22040/.
Анотація:
Migration is a political issue that has received more attention in recent years. Many questions remain as to how Western societies can successfully absorb migrants- economic arguments have largely been in favour of migration, but the social impact of diversity in previously homogeneous societies has been subject to ongoing debates in social science. Migrant societies are complex social systems with many interacting moving parts. How do rapid migration-changes in society affect the hosts? How do norms of tolerance towards minorities hold up when intergroup con icts emerge? Can segregating behaviour of different population groups be reduced by encouraging different settlement locations for new migrants? The questions address both the physical aspect of migrants entering an already populated space, and the social dimension in which the hosts are adapting their attitudes. I develop a Schelling model using Agent-based modelling to address these questions. I introduce the concept of external migration into an existing society and test how, by varying the kind of migration, introducing diversity affects local tolerance. In the second chapter, I show that large-scale migration results in short-term shocks to the populace, but that these effects are heavily dependent on the population density and how large the native majority is. In Chapter 3 I implement a version of the `contact hypothesis' which stipulates that contact with out-group members increases tolerance and I show that the adaptability increases the importance of native majorities further. In the fourth chapter, I move on to the social norms of tolerance, introducing an ABM in which agents can deceive others by signalling false information about their true attitudes. I show that the emergent pattern of these behaviours can lead to a false consensus effect in which the perceived majority public opinion is unstable. The thesis is able to generate societies that bear many similarities with the Western countries of today and can suggest explanations for the mechanisms that lead to changes in public opinion more negative towards migration, as well as reasons for growing separation of different population groups.
14
Yao, Kathryn S. "The Future of Chollywood: The Imminent Rise of China's Film Industry." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/776.
Анотація:
The research in this thesis will focus on China’s increasingly important role in the global film industry, including the dynamic between the Chinese government, the Chinese film industry, and Hollywood. The first chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the history of artistic trends in postsocialist Chinese film since 1979. The following chapter provides a history of the commercial and economic developments regarding the Chinese film industry after Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms and open door policy. In the third chapter, a detailed analysis of the different Chinese state entities and their functions provide insight into the history of the political and regulatory framework of the Chinese film industry. The fourth chapter examines Hollywood’s role and response to China’s burgeoning film industry and market including case studies of top western film companies that have been heavily involved with China. It also focuses on the challenges the domestic Chinese film industry faces in response to government censorship and competition from Hollywood. Finally, the conclusion offers predictions for the future state of the Chinese film industry, and discusses the implications surrounding the growing relationship between the China and Hollywood.
15
Al-Nassrawi, Hamzah, and Grigorios Tsamis. "Global Analysis and design of a complex slanted High-Rise Building with Tube Mega Frame." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215950.
Анотація:
The need for tall buildings will increase in the future and new building techniques will emerge to full fill that need. Tyrénshas developed a new structural system called Tube Mega Frame where the major loads are transferred to the ground through big columns located in the perimeter of the building. The new concept has the advantage of eliminating the core inside the heart of the building but furthermore gives countless possibilities and flexibility for a designer. The elimination of the central core, plus the multiformity the Tube Mega Frame, can result new building shapes if combined with new inventions like the Multi elevator Thussenkrupp developed. Multi is a new elevator system with the ability to move in all directions apart from vertically. In this thesis research of the possible combinations between TMF and Multi was conducted. The building shaped resulted is only one of the many possible outcomes which the mix of Multi and TMF can have. The building was constructed in a way so the TMF would be the main structural system, the building would have inclinations so the multi elevator would be the only elevator appropriate for the structure and the height would be significantly large. The pre-study focused on the inclination and its particularities. The inclination played a significant role on how the inner forces were distributed in a structure. Under special circumstances the inclination could be even beneficial although inclination could result in axial forces on the slabs so the horizontal elements should be designed thoroughly not only for bending or shear but also for axial loading. The next phase was experimenting on different simple shaped buildings and combinations of them. The conclusions on the simple buildings formed the idea on how the main building would be. The main building was modeled using four different structural systems and their subcategories with seven models in total. Totally seven systems were compared in load combinations for wind, dead, live, and seismic loads and the global behavior was studied. The model comparison included maximum deformations and modes of vibrations. This way the best structural systems were discovered for the specific building shape and conclusions on inclination into a structure were made. The best structural systems and more reliable in terms of results but also in simplicity of construction were chosen to be designed in ETABS. The 50m belt system, the outside braces system and the diagrid system were designed. The design of the buildings was conducted using the American code ASCE /SEI 7-10. In the design two different mega columns were used to study how a solid or hollow cross section can affect the global behavior. Depending on the structural system the mega column had a major or minor effect on the stiffness of the structure. The design of the cross sections was divided in many groups since the complex geometry had an impact on how and where forces arised in the structure. The outside brace system had the best results in terms of less weight and global stiffness proving that in inclined building and columns with the correct bracing and triangulation of elements could extinguish the negative effects of inclination and even perform better compared to conventional buildings. The 50-belt system was furthermore studied in buckling since it was one of the best structural systems but with the least bracing, but also the least complex in terms of construction method. The automated buckling through ETABS was conducted and a more conservative approach where the user is defining the buckling length and support factors was used. In addition, a comparison between the user defined factors and global buckling was conducted.Behovet av höga byggnader kommer att öka i framtiden och ny byggteknik kommer att uppfylla detta behov. Tyréns har utvecklat ett nytt konstruktionssystem som kallas Tube Mega Frame där de stora lasterna överförs till marken genom stora pelare i byggnadens omkrets. Det nya konceptet har fördelen att eliminera kärnan inuti byggnadens hjärta, men ger dessutom otaliga möjligheter och flexibilitet för en konstruktör. Avlägsnandet av den centrala kärnan, plus mångfalden av Tube Mega Frame, kan resultera i nya byggnadsformer i kombination med nya uppfinningar som Multi Lift ThyssenKrupphar utvecklat. Multi är ett nytt hissystem med möjlighet att röra sig i alla riktningar bortsett från vertikalt. I denna uppsats genomfördes forskning om möjliga kombinationer med TMF och Multi. Den formgivna byggnaden är bara ett av de många möjliga resultaten som blandningen av Multi och TMF kan ha. Byggnaden byggdes på ett sätt att TMF skulle vara det huvudsakliga struktursystemet, byggnaden skulle ha lutningar så att Multi skulle vara den enda lösning som är lämplig för konstruktionen och höjden skulle vara betydligt stor. Förstudien fokuserade på lutningen och dess särdrag. Lutningen spelar en viktig roll för hur de inre krafterna fördelas i en struktur. Under speciella förhållanden kan lutningen vara till och med fördelaktig, även om lutning kan resultera i axiella krafter på plattorna så att de horisontella elementen måste utformas noggrant, inte bara för böjning eller skjuvning. Nästa fas var att experimentera på olika enkla lutande bygg former och kombinationer av dem. Slutsatserna från dessa enkla byggnaderna bildade tanken på hur huvudbyggnaden skulle vara. Huvudbyggnaden modellerades med fyra olika strukturella system och deras underkategorier med totalt sju modeller. Hela sju system jämfördes i lastkombinationer med vind last, seismisk last, egenvikt, nyttig last och det globala beteendet studerades. Modellens jämförelse inkluderade maximala deformationer och vibrationer. På detta sätt upptäcktes de bästa strukturella systemen för den specifika byggformen och slutsatser om lutning i en struktur gjordes. De bästa strukturella systemen och mer tillförlitliga vad gäller resultat men också avseende enkel konstruktion valdes att utformas i ETABS. 50 m Bältessystemet, det yttre Bäcksystemet och Diagridsystemet konstruerades. Utformningen av byggnaderna utfördes med användning av den amerikanska normen ASCE / SEI 7–10. I designen användes två olika megapelare för att studera hur en solid eller ihålig tvärsektion kunde påverka det globala beteendet. Beroende på konstruktionssystemet kunde megapelaren ha en större eller mindre effekt på strukturens styvhet. Tvärsnittens konstruktion var uppdelad i många grupper eftersom komplexa geometrin har en inverkan på hur och där krafter uppstår i strukturen. Utvändiga stödsystem hade de bästa resultaten när det gäller mindre vikt och global styvhet, vilket viste att i lutande byggnader och pelare kunde den korrekta förstärkningen och trianguleringen av element skilja de negativa effekterna av lutning och till och med fungera bättre jämfört med konventionella byggnader. 50-bältesystemet studerades vidare förknäckning, eftersom det var ett av de bästa konstruktionssystemen, men med minst fackverk, men också det minst komplexa med avseende på konstruktionsmetod. Den automatiska knäckning analysgenom ETABS genomfördes och ett mer konservativt tillvägagångssätt där användaren definierar knäcklängden och stödfaktorerna. Dessutom genomfördes en jämförelse mellan de användardefinierade faktorerna och global knäckning.
16
Sharapov, Denis V. "Bronze Age Settlement Patterns and the Development of Complex Societies in the Southern Ural Steppes (3500-1400 BC)." Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10692473.
Анотація:
The ethnohistorical record of the Eurasian steppes points to the long-term predominance of extensive herding economies, associated with low population densities and high levels of geographic mobility. Consequently, investigations of early forms of complex socio-political organization in this region have thus far been primarily focused on Bronze Age (ca. 3500 - 1000 BC) funerary and ceremonial monuments, which presumably served as aggregation points for dispersed populations. When it comes to settlement pattern evidence, researchers claim that traditional models of regional-scale demographic organization, developed in the context of settled societies, cannot be applied to the early complex communities of the steppes. In order to learn more about
In order to learn more about the underlying social forces that were behind the independent emergence of larger more complex social formations in different world regions, this research focuses on the Sintashta (2050 - 1700 BC) development of southern Russia, which commanded particular attention of archaeologists due to the identification of more than twenty nucleated fortified settlements. Chiefly communities associated with these settlements have been considered odd in comparison to other early complex societies due to their small demographic size, lack of supra-local organization, a fairly short chronological span, and an apparent lack of local antecedents.
Regional-scale investigation of the demographic and spatial parameters of Bronze Age communities, conducted in the context of this dissertation, indicates that the fortified settlements were centers of larger districts and therefore represented regional organization that was typical of other chiefdoms. Moreover, supra-local settlement organization and demographic centralization prevailed in the study area for another 300 years after the presumed Sintashta ‘collapse’. Such continuity in material correlates of social complexity took place in the context of substantial demographic growth. These results counter some of the previously held notions about the unusualness of the Sintashta trajectory. The novelty of this research stems from the employment of a survey methodology that relied on systematic sub-surface testing, which has never been utilized in the region before. Perhaps more interestingly, by reaffirming the unusually small demographic scale of Sintashta societies, the results of this dissertation support the notion that small scale societies are capable of complex socio-political organization.
17
Walsh, Rory. "Ceramic Specialization and Exchange in Complex Societies: A Compositional Analysis of Pottery from Mahan and Baekje in Southwestern Korea." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23114.
Анотація:
The societies of Mahan and Baekje occupied Korea’s southwestern region from approximately first through seventh centuries CE, but their origins, geographical extent, and internal cultural variations have been poorly understood from archaeological and historical data. Baekje is considered the first state to develop in the region, but Mahan has proven more difficult to categorize. This dissertation explores the social structures related to craft production in both societies through geochemical analysis of pottery remains from Mahan and Baekje sites. First, an overview of existing research on Mahan and Baekje is provided, followed by a discussion of the state concept in archaeology and more recent theories regarding heterarchy in complex societies.
The methodologies deployed in this study include stylistic analysis, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), and thin-section petrography on pottery fragments from Mahan and Baekje sites. The eight sites included in this study cover a wide range of the Mahan/Baekje region, including settlements in modern Seoul, Incheon, Wonju, Jincheon County, and Gwangju. Geochemical data from INAA which are subjected to multiple statistical analyses to detect patterns of chemistry related to clay sources and processing methods, revealing information on pottery manufacture and exchange.
This dissertation finds that the production and consumption patterns of pottery in the Baekje kingdom bear a strong resemblance to those in Mahan, differing primarily in scale. Although Baekje is often studied in terms of its relationship with China, the findings presented here suggest a deep cultural relationship between Mahan and Baekje. Mahan’s role in the history of this region is currently undergoing reassessment, making this work part of mounting evidence of Mahan’s contribution to later Korean civilizations. Looking at Baekje as a complex society with the expectation of both hierarchical and heterarchical organization reveals a political economy with multiple nodes of power and control, resulting from local people making decisions in a locally situated cultural context.10000-01-01
18
Du, Toit Jacques Louis, and S. B. Bekker. "The use of survey methodology to determine residents' environmental attitudes towards a modern high-rise public housing complex." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16217.
Анотація:
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This is an applied methodological thesis about the attitudes of residents towards a modern high rise public housing complex. A definition and analysis of the theme show that this housing type is characterised by a distinctive design and style known as modernist. Therefore, modern and postmodern theory is used to formulate a general existential hypothesis as to residents attitudes towards this housing type. A cross-sectional survey research design was used to research the thesis. Data was collected by means of questionnaires and analysed in the form of a perceived environmental quality index. It was found that residents show a negative overall attitude towards the housing complex. However, there are also some indications of positive attitudes towards the complex, and significant differences were found between the attitudes of particular groups. The thesis is concluded with the suggestion that this housing type can be regarded as an option for certain groups in the context of South Africa’s current housing situation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie is `n toegepaste metodologiese tesis oor inwoners se houdings teenoor `n moderne toringblok openbare behuisingskompleks. `n Definisie en analise van die tema wys dat hierdie behuisingstipe, deur `n uitstaande ontwerp en styl wat as modernisties bekend staan, gekenmerk word. Moderne en postmoderne teorie word gebruik om `n algemene eksistensiële hipotese betreffende inwoners se houdings teenoor dié behuisingstipe te formuleer. `n Kruis-seksionele opname navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om die tesis te ondersoek. Data is deur middel van vraelyste ingesamel en in die formaat van `n waargenome- omgewing- kwaliteitsindeks geanaliseer. Dit word bevind dat inwoners in geheel `n negatiewe houding teenoor die kompleks huldig. Tog is daar ook bewyse van positiewe houdings en beduidende verskille tussen die houdings van sekere groepe. Die tesis volstaan met die gevolgtrekking dat hierdie behuisingstipe oorweeg kan word vir sekere groepe in die konteks van die huidige Suid Afrikaanse behuisingsituasie.
19
Linn, Nicole Whitney. "The Rise of Regional Hegemons: Assessing Implications for the International System through a Neo-realist Perspective." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77003.
Анотація:
Never before have developing nations been able to compete at the international level, both economically and militarily. But, we are currently in an age where developing nations, such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China, are able to develop so rapidly that they are able to excel within the international economy, which allows for an increased investment in military and technological capabilities. Consequently, these rapidly developing nations are able to influence the international system. To see how much of an effect these rapidly developing nations are having within the international system, they will be measured against 5 indicators that correlate with becoming a rising regional hegemon, a feature of a multi-polar system. The multi-polar international system that we see emerging is contrary to Kenneth Waltz's assertion that a multi-polar international system is unstable, and a bi-polar international system is preferred. New global conditions indicate that Waltz's analysis may not stand the test of time.Master of Arts
20
Chapman, Jill Lee. "Early Veterinary Activities at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1870s - 1920s; The Rise and Fall of Virginia's State-Controlled Veterinary Complex." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35406.
Анотація:
Veterinary activities at VPI between 1872 and 1959 established the Blacksburg institution as the center of Virginia's veterinary education long before the opening of the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine in 1980. This thesis traces the lineage of VPI's veterinary medicine program back to the inception of the institution, locates VPI's contribution to veterinary medicine within the State of Virginia and nationally, and puts all these developments within the general historical context of the role of land-grant agricultural colleges in the development of veterinary medicine. The organization of veterinary activities of the state of Virginia took the form of a veterinary complex, its four main components of education, research, dissemination of veterinary knowledge, and prevention and control of livestock disease located in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries on the VPI campus in Blacksburg. This complex--taken as a whole--functioned as the primary actor in the veterinary network in Virginia--along with other veterinary institutions and offices that existed off- campus. The neglected history of early veterinary research and education in Virginia is important, because it clearly establishes these early veterinary activities at VPI as laying the groundwork for the establishment of the VMRCVM in 1980 and it shows why the VMRCVM was established at VPI (now referred to as Virginia Tech).Master of Science
21
Carciumaru, Radu [Verfasser], and Subrata [Akademischer Betreuer] Mitra. "Negotiating Conflict in Deeply Divided Societies: Complex power-sharing institutions in South Asia and Eastern Europe / Radu Carciumaru ; Betreuer: Subrata Mitra." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177045761/34.
22
Chesney, Sarah Jane. "The Fruits of their Labors: Exploring William Hamilton's Greenhouse Complex and the Rise of American Botany in Early Federal Philadelphia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624009.
Анотація:
This dissertation explores the world of early American botany and the transatlantic community of botanical enthusiasts from the perspective of William Hamilton, gentleman botanical collector in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Philadelphia. Drawing on both existing documentary sources and three seasons of archaeological excavation at The Woodlands, Hamilton's country estate on the west bank of the Schuylkill River, I analyze both the physical requirements of botanical collecting as well as the more nuanced social, cultural, and economic elements of this trade and its early modern participants.;The personal experiences of individual participants in this exchange are often traced through the existing documentary evidence they leave behind, in the form of letters, plant orders, and published works. But this botanical exchange was not just intellectual; it was also physical and material, as both knowledge about plants and the plants themselves were shipped back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean. Exploring the physical and material elements of this trade adds immeasurably to our understanding of the experiences of individual participants by locating them and the items exchanged within the physical spaces of these exchanges themselves. The archaeological investigation of William Hamilton's greenhouse complex at The Woodlands explores the physical and material elements of this trade in one specific site of exchange -- Hamilton's greenhouse complex -- and the ways in which those physical and material elements reflect the experiences of the participants in this transatlantic botanical trade.
23
Bowen, Lauren R. "Free to Hate Freedom and the survival of liberalized states confronting theemergence of political Islam; effective state solutions to the rise of Islamic politicalviolence in democratic societies." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1440889210.
24
Cork, Edward. "Rethinking the Indus myths : a comparative re-evaluation of the Indus civilisation as an alternative paradigm in the organisation and structure of early complex societies." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2665/.
Анотація:
Since the earliest archaeological work at Indus sites, this civilisation has been contrasted with otlier early complex societies further west, primarily Mesopotamia. During the I960'ร Walter Fairservis put forward a model constructed in this way. Using impressionistic observations of differences in the archaeological records of Mesopotamia and the Indus, he suggested that Indus society was a bipolar opposite to the type of hierarchical societal organisation he envisioned in Mesopotamia. This interpretation has exerted enormous influence on Indus archaeologists, and elements of it are still prominent in their work today. However, to date the comparative basis of this interpretation has nevet been critically and rigorously evaluated. None of its constituent elements, such as the absence of social stratification, the absence of warfare and the absence of centralised control, has ever been tested by detailed comparison with Mesopotamian data. This thesis undertakes this task, comparing the sorts of data cited as evidence for Fakservis' interpretation with equivalent data from contemporary West Asian societies. It focuses on three specific datasets: metalwork, domestic architecture and settlement patterns. The analyses reveal Fairservis' model to be a gross oversimplification. The rigorous comparative method adopted here demonstrates many of the perceived differences between the Indus and Mesopotamia to be highly problematic or simply wrong.
25
Peng, Hsin-Pey. "The rise of regionalisation in the East Asian television industry: a case study of trendy drama 2000-2012." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/534.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the contemporary Taiwanese television industry and its influence on the Asian TV market and popular culture in Asia. It explores the East Asian TV industry’s ability to produce a specific regional TV genre – that of trendy drama – as a means of representing the tastes and lifestyles of a new audience. I claim in the thesis that the East Asian TV industries have produced trendy drama for an emerging middle class audience in Asia. Trendy drama still is one of the most popular genres at the level of local TV productions; it can also be sold to an Asian regional audience. The main premise of the study is that the media has the symbolic power to centralise most social resources and technology, and because of that they can produce certain cultural meanings influential to ordinary people’s social and cultural experience. A study of the rise of regionalisation which specifically focused on the East Asian TV industry, has led to this case study of trendy drama. In the case study I analyse how East Asian TV industries produce and sell these types of local TV productions to a wider TV market. After the review of regionalisation literature, the study examines the specific content of the TV genre, trendy drama, within the context of the Asian TV market. This raises questions about the role of trendy drama and its function in the rise of regionalisation from political and economic perspectives. The answers to these questions are then used to examine the production of Taiwanese idol drama through a filmic and semiotic analysis. The earlier findings are supported by the television producers’ and directors’ (professionals’) practical insights into why and how they produce trendy drama for the Asian market. Macro- and micro-level approaches used in this study demonstrate the transition from a global television industry dominated by America to the way East Asian TV industries earlier on drew from the American TV industry’s values, technical knowledge and resources. However, ultimately the East Asian TV industry developed their own expertise which is why they now have the symbolic power to sell to audiences within the region. Furthermore, East Asian TV industries today have the ability to centralise enormous resources so they can produce culturally shared meanings, which is becoming part of popular culture in Asia. Consequently, the media’s symbolic power enhances the rise of regionalisation in East Asian TV industries. It is intended that this project will inform further debate about the changing configuration of television markets within the Asian region and the role of the media in mediating popular culture within the contemporary media age.
26
Ferrari, Florencia. "O mundo passa. Uma etnografia dos calon e suas relações com os brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-02082010-191204/.
Анотація:
Esta tese é uma etnografia de uma rede de parentes de ciganos Calon que se espalha por todo o estado de São Paulo. O intuito é compreender como vivem esses Calon, e, mais especificamente, como criam socialidade no mundo dos brasileiros. O cotidiano calon é englobado por uma noção fundamental que diferencia calons e gadjes (não ciganos): a vergonha - um valor moral que organiza ideias de puro/impuro, sujo/limpo, ancoradas no corpo feminino. Fazer-se calon é produzir e mostrar vergonha, em um processo constante de diferenciação em relação aos brasileiros, impuros. A tese explora como a concepção da vergonha se liga à viagem, à língua, ao ser ativo, ao viver apoiado, ao ser parente, e às conceitualizações de tempo e espaço, criando uma socialidade calon no meio de nós, os gadjes.This dissertation is an ethnographic account of a Calon Gypsy kinship network that spreads throughout the state of São Paulo, in Brazil. The aim of this work is to understand how these Calon live and create sociality out of a Brazilian world. A fundamental category differentiates Calon from gadje (non Gypsies): vergonha (shame) - a moral value that organizes ideas of purity and impurity, anchored in the female body. In order to make oneself Calon one must produce and show shame, in an ongoing process of differentiation from the gadje. The thesis explores native categories of travel, language, being active, being supported, as well as conceptualizations of time and space, that inform how Calon create sociality among us, the gadjes.
27
Omishore, Abayomi. "Obytný soubor Brno Holásky, lokalita V Aleji." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225822.
Анотація:
Master´s thesis proposes the design of low-rise residential complex in the city Brno - Tuřany, the cadastral territory Holásky. The location is defined from the west by the stream Černovický potok with natural monument - lakes Holásecká jezera, from the east by railway line Brno - Uherské Hradiště and from south by street U Potoka. The proposed area is west of the street V Aleji. The main objective was to use the framework conditions of the specified territory, propose urbanistic quality residential complex without losing the connection with the original structure of the township and to ensure full-fledged facilities for living, walking ,resting and recreation of the population.
28
Iori, Elisa <1987>. "The Gandharan region (NW Pakistan) from the Iron Age to the Hellenistic period: a study in the rise of a complex culture across local traditions, Iranism and Hellenism based on ceramics." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8570/1/Iori_Elisa_tesi.pdf.
Анотація:
This dissertation attempts to give some insights into the complexity of the Gandharan cultural identity during the Early Historic Period (5th-1st centuries BCE) through the study of the ceramic material.
The excavations carried out during these three years of research at the site of Barikot(Swat, Pakistan),within the framework of the ISMEO Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan, have finally allowed to set a taxonomic and chronological sequence of the Early Historic ceramic corpus anchored to a substantial set of radiocarbon dates. The pottery markers identified for each Early Historic phase (Achaemenid, Mauryan, Graeco-Bactrian, Indo-Greek) were used as practical tools in order to obtain a reassessment of the fuzzy chronological sequences of the sites previously excavated in Gandhara, mainly Charsadda and Taxila. Cross-linking the data from the various excavations allowed to reconstruct the interaction trends, and their long term implications, between the various Gandharan areas during the second half of the 1st millennium BCE. The contextualization of this set of data within a broader geopolitical context enabled to reframe the emulation processes and the socio-cultural shifts triggered by the political developments which took place in Gandhara during the Early Historic Period, thus revealing the extremely dynamic ground on which the Gandharan cultural identity was constructed.
29
Souza, Jonas Gregorio de. "Paisagem ritual no planalto meridional brasileiro: complexos de aterros anelares e montículos funerários Jê do Sul em Pinhal da Serra, RS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-18042013-102920/.
Анотація:
Nesta dissertação são analisados os sítios cerimoniais associados à ocupação Jê do Sul no município de Pinhal da Serra, RS. Os sítios são compostos por aterros anelares (muros de terra) isolados ou cercando montículos. É proposta uma classificação que leva em conta a variabilidade arquitetônica de tais sítios, conforme as dimensões dos aterros, seu formato e a presença ou ausência de montículos. São considerados também os dados de escavações que evidenciam as atividades realizadas nesses locais. O tipo de sítio mais freqüente consiste em pequenos aterros anelares cercando montículos que contêm sepultamentos cremados. Pode-se interpretá-los como cemitérios de grupos que habitavam em sítios de casas subterrâneas vizinhos. Os aterros anelares de grandes dimensões e sem montículos são interpretados como centros cerimoniais regionais onde se reunia uma população mais ampla. Sítios com arquitetura complexa - aterros de diferentes formatos combinados e muitos montículos - apresentaram evidências de ritos mais elaborados, envolvendo festins mortuários. Possivelmente, eram locais de sepultamento de indivíduos de maior status. Os dados dos sítios mortuários são combinados com os dos assentamentos, que também sugerem um padrão hierárquico, com sítios densos (aglomerados com muitas casas subterrâneas) regularmente espaçados e cercados por sítios menos densos. Por fim, consideram-se as continuidades com os cacicados Kaingang históricos, que mantiveram a construção de montículos funerários como elemento importante da autoridade dos caciques no momento de enfrentamento com os colonizadores europeus.This dissertation analyzes the ceremonial sites associated with a Southern Jê occupation in the city of Pinhal da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sites consist in earthworks which can be either isolated or surrounding mounds. A classification is proposed considering the architectonic variability of the sites, according to earthwork size, shape, and the presence or absence of mounds. Excavation data which reveal activities performed in such places are also taken into consideration. The most frequent site type consists in small earthworks surrounding mounds which contain cremated burials. They can be interpreted as cemeteries for groups that inhabited pithouse sites nearby. Large earthworks without mounds are interpreted as regional ceremonial centers where a larger population gathered. Sites with complex architecture - earthworks of different shapes combined and surrounding many mounds - exhibited evidences of more elaborate rites including funerary feasting. It is possible that they were places for the burial of individuals with higher status. The data from the mortuary sites are combined with those from the settlements, which also suggest a hierarchical pattern with dense sites (clusters of many pithouses) regularly spaced and surrounded by less dense sites. Finally, I consider continuities with the historical Kaingang chiefdoms, where the construction of burial mounds had been maintained as an important element of chiefly authority during the confrontation with the european colonizers.
30
Rechenberg, Fernanda. ""Vamo falá do nosso Lami" : estudo antropológico sobre memória coletiva, cotidiano e meio ambiente no bairro Lami, Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11256.
Анотація:
Esta dissertação resulta de um estudo etnográfico realizado junto a um grupo de moradores do bairro Lami, em Porto Alegre. A partir das lembranças dos “antigos” do bairro, o estudo apresenta o cotidiano e as trajetórias sociais desses moradores que conformam uma experiência urbana singular nas formas de habitar a cidade. O Lami situa-se no extremo sul da cidade, sendo conhecido por suas praias balneáveis e cenários de beleza natural. Um território relativamente livre das aglomerações urbanas características das áreas centrais, mas que vem acolhendo um número cada vez maior de moradores nos últimos anos, a medida em que os terrenos vão sendo loteados e vendidos, causando transformações na paisagem e na vida social local. O “progresso” que trouxe a luz elétrica, o asfaltamento das vias de acesso e o incremento no sistema de transportes, traz também as contradições da modernidade. Às imagens de um bairro “rural”, lugar de agricultura, pesca e veraneios, sobrepõe-se a imagem de uma periferia da cidade, cujos moradores são em sua maioria trabalhadores urbanos. Frente às agitações temporais percebidas como “tempos de crise” pelos antigos moradores, vemos um esforço destes em re-atualizar o cotidiano e reencontrar os laços de sociabilidade e solidariedade que ancoram uma “estética comunitária” no bairro, imbuindo-o de uma “ambiência” peculiar na cidade.This thesis is the result of an ethnographic study, developed in conjunction with a group of local inhabitants from the neighbourhood of Lami, in Porto Alegre. Drawing from the local elders memories, the study represents the routines and the social interactions of such a group that leads to a unique urban experience in inhabiting a city. Lami is located in the most southerly district of the city, renown for its beautiful swimming beaches and amazing landscapes of natural beauty. It is an area free from the crowds which characterizes the more urban areas of the city. However, welcome as they are, it has been accommodating more and more inhabitants over the last few years. Its land have been sold and transformed into gated residential developments, which impact greatly on the landscape as well as the local social environment. This ‘progress’, that has brought the power distribution network, paved road infrastructure and the benefits of a public transportation system, unfortunately also promotes all the illogicalities of the modern world. The image of a rural neighborhood, a rural area perfect for fishing and tourism, conjoined with the city backdrop whose inhabitants, predominately look there for sustainable employment. Facing atemporal conflicts perceived as a “crisis point” by the local elders, there is an urgent need for these people to update their routine and rediscover their ties of sociability and solidarity which will anchor a “communal aesthetics” in the neighbourhood, providing such a distinctive environment within the city.
31
Bantos, Sophie. "Les sociétés ultramarines face aux risques de montée du niveau marin. quelles stratégies d’adaptation ? : exemples des îles de Wallis et Futuna, Mayotte et Lifou." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040016.
Анотація:
Le milieu littoral des espaces insulaires ultra-marins intertropicaux français est doublement impacté par les aléas hydro-climatiques et sismiques naturels, et par les actions anthropiques déstabilisatrices locales ou globales. Le mémoire traite spécifiquement des cas de Wallis & Futuna et de Lifou (archipel des Loyauté) dans le Pacifique sud et de Mayotte dans l’océan Indien. Il aborde, sous une approche pluridisciplinaire, les différentes facettes du potentiel d’adaptation des populations locales aux variations du niveau marin de différents ordres : ponctuel (associés aux vagues de tempêtes et de tsunami) et global (avec la transgression liée au réchauffement climatique mis en évidence par la communauté scientifique). La montée des eaux, qui semble inéluctable à moyen terme, et les risques hydro-climatiques et sismiques (tsunamis) actuels impliquent que les sociétés devront, dans un futur plus ou moins proche, ajuster leur vision des modes d’occupation de l’espace et tout particulièrement celle du domaine littoral sur lequel vit l’essentiel des populations des îles étudiées. Le croisement des différentes approches disciplinaires abordées dans le mémoire permet de proposer des méthodes et des outils novateurs en vue d’une optimisation des stratégies d’adaptation à la montée des eauxThe coastal environment of French overseas territories is both affected by the hydroclimatic and natural seismic hazards, and local or global destabilizing anthropogenic actions. This PhD deals specifically with cases of Wallis and Futuna and Lifou (Loyalty Islands) in the South Pacific, and Mayotte in the Indian Ocean. In a multidisciplinary approach, it gets onto the different facets of the adaptation potential of local societies when it comes to changes at sea level: occasional (associated with storm waves and tsunami) and global (with sea level rise related to global warming). The sea level rise, that seems inevitable in the medium term, hydro-climatic and seismic (tsunami) risks, means that local societies will probably adjust and organize their territories in a different way, especially coastal area (the most occupied space at the island scale). The different disciplinary approaches crossing can offer innovative tools and methods for optimizing the sea level rise adaptation strategies
32
Lopo, Rafael Martins. "Do IAPI a Saavedra, entre moradas, memórias e estórias : um estudo etnográfico sobre duração e sociabilidade em bairros operários de Porto Alegre e Buenos Aires." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56593.
Анотація:
Esta dissertação apresenta o relato de uma experiência etnográfica realizada em dois bairros operários. Em Porto Alegre, a etnografia foi desenvolvida na Vila dos Industriários, e, em Buenos Aires, no bairro Parque Cornelio Saavedra. O objetivo principal é entender com se dá, através das narrativas de alguns moradores, a articulação entre um projeto coletivo baseado na concepção arquitetônica da cidade-jardim e os projetos individuais de quem ali reside. No seio desta interpretação, entram como elementos de análise as transformações sociais que ocorrem nestas cidades e o processo de valorização ou desvalorização destes imóveis dentro de uma sociedade em constante mudança, agenciados nas memórias e lembranças dos moradores antigos destes locais. A partir da etnografia da duração, a narrativa das imagens produzidas pelo antropólogo em campo participa deste jogo de memórias, versando sobre a experiência temporal de uma duração plena de rupturas, lacunas e variações em uma cidade que é vista como um objeto temporal, marcado por processos de aquisição, perda, gentrificação e segregação espacial.This paper intends to present a report of an ethnographic experience realized in two workin-class neighborhood. In the city of Porto Alegre, the ethnography was made in the Vila dos Industriários, and in Buenos Aires, in the Parque Cornelio Saavedra. The main objective is try to understand how it gives, trought the narrative from a few dwellers, the articulation of a collective project based on the garden-city experience and the individuals projects from this dwellers. Within this interpretation, enter as elements of analysis the social transformations that occur in these cities and the recovery or devaluate process of this proprieties inside of a constant changing, agencied in the memories and remembers of the dwellers of this places. From a ethnography of a duration, the narrative from the images produced by the anthropologist in the research field participate of this memory game, dealing about the temporal experience of a memory full of disruptions, gaps and variations in a city viewed as a temporal object, marked by process of purchase, lost, gentrification and special segregation.
33
Abalos, Junior Jose Luis. "Um porto em contradição : memória política, engajamento e revitalização urbana na proposta de requalificação do Cais Mauá em Porto Alegre-RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157929.
Анотація:
Recentemente o Cais Mauá, antigo porto da cidade Porto Alegre/RS, teve um projeto de revitalização aprovado nas múltiplas instâncias administrativas da burocracia do estado e encaminha-se para ser implementado em 2017. Busco demonstrar no decorrer deste trabalho que a ideia de um “reestabelecimento de uma relação dos habitantes da cidade com o porto”, apontada pelo empreendimento responsável pela revitalização, não é consensual. Ela aglutina inúmeras contradições políticas que procurei acompanhar etnograficamente através do contato consentido com coletivos de ativismo urbano. Realizando uma antropologia dos processos de contradição que se relacionam aspectos sócio-históricos, paisagísticos e econômicos proponho demonstrar o quanto transformações urbanas na cidade, especificamente as ligadas à área portuária porto alegrense, estão vinculadas a uma memória política. Através das narrativas de meus interlocutores e de pesquisas em acervo pude perceber que os projetos de (re)qualificação para o Cais Mauá são tão históricos quanto as suas resistências. Com decadência das atividades portuárias na década de oitenta, ativistas, gestores de políticas e planejadores urbanos sonharam desenvolvimentos diferenciados para a região. Neste sentido a resistência à revitalização do Cais Mauá emerge não só como o estabelecimento de planos, projetos e propostas alternativas, mas como um confronto de modelos de cidade no século XXI.Recently, the Cais Mauá, ancient port in the city of Porto Alegre, had a revitalization project approved in the multiple administrative instances of the state bureaucracy and it is scheduled to be implemented in 2017. I intend to demonstrate in the course of this work that the idea of a "Reestablishment of a relation of the inhabitants of the city with the port", pointed out by the enterprise responsible for the revitalization, is not consensual. It brings together innumerable political contradictions that I sought to accompany ethnographically through consensual contact with urban activism collectives. Performing an anthropology of the processes of contradiction that are related to sociohistorical, landscape and economic aspects, I propose to demonstrate how urban transformations in the city, specifically those related to the port area, are linked to a political memory. Through the narratives of my interlocutors and research in the collection, I realized that the (re) qualification projects for the Cais Mauá are as historic as their resistance. With the decline of port activities in the 1980s, activists, policy makers and urban planners have dreamed differentiated developments for the region. In this sense, the resistance to the revitalization of the Cais Mauá emerges not only as the establishment of alternative plans, projects and proposals, but as a confrontation of the city models in the 21st century.
34
Husain, Razia A. "Urdu Resultive Constructions (A Comparative Analysis of Syntacto-Semantic and Pragmatic Properties of the Compound Verbs in Hindi-Urdu)." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/10.
Анотація:
Among Urdu’s many verb+verb constructions, this thesis focuses on those constructions, which combine the stem of a main content verb with another inflected verb which is used in a semantically bleached sense. Prior work on these constructions has been focused on their structural make-up and syntactic behavior in various environments. While there is consensus among scholars (Butt 1995, Hook 1977, Carnikova 1989, Porizka 2000 et al.) that these stem+verb constructions encode aspectual information, to date no clear theory has been put forward to explain the nature of their aspectual contribution. In short, we do not have a clear idea why these constructions are used instead of simple verbs. This work is an attempt to understand the precise function of these constructions. I propose that simple verbs (henceforth SV) in Urdu deal only with the action of the verb whereas (regardless of the semantic information contributed by the second inflected verb,1) the stem+verb constructions essentially deal with the action of the verb as well as the state of affairs resulting from this action. The event represented by these constructions is essentially a telic event as defined by Comrie (1976), whose resultant state is highlighted from the use of these constructions. The attention of the listener is then shifted to the result of this telic event, whose salience in the discourse is responsible for various interpretations of the event; hence my term ‘resultive construction’ (henceforth RC). When these constructions are made using the four special verbs (rah ‘stay’, sak ‘can’, paa ‘manage’ and cuk ‘finish’), the product is not resultive. Each of these verbs behaves differently and is somewhere between a resultive and an auxiliary verb construction.
This work can be extended to other verb-verb construction in Urdu and other related and non-related languages as well. The analysis of the precise function of the RCs can also help in developing a model for them in various functional grammars. The proposed properties of RCs can be utilized in the semantic analysis of the Urdu quantifiers. This work should aid in identification and explanation of constructions in other languages, particularly those that are non-negatable under normal contexts.
[1] All second inflected verbs with the exception of four special verbs rah ‘stay’, sak ‘can’, paa ‘manage’ and cuk ‘finish’. These four special verbs are either auxiliaries or modals as identified in prior literature.
35
Nassif, Jamal. "The Role of Project Leadership in Global Multicultural Project Success." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4240.
Анотація:
Global projects have a high failure rate, with many project failures attributed to lack of effective leadership. A knowledge gap about leadership requirements and complexities in a global project management environment has increased the risks in global projects. The problem is evident in the increasing project failure rate and the struggling national strategies in the oil and gas industry in the Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The purpose of this study was to explore the role of leadership in project success and adaptation complexities in GCC. The conceptual framework consisted of complex adaptive systems and contingency theories. A qualitative approach was used to capture common understandings of project leaders' role and the opportunities and challenges in a multicultural global project environment. Personal interviews were conducted with 25 participants from the oil and gas industry in GCC who were selected using a purposive sampling method. Six themes emerged from an exploratory and comparative analysis, including: adaptable project structure with team and environment dynamics; leadership role and the impermanent multicultural environment; project success definition and the success criteria; aligned performance and governance systems; changing organizational strategy; and team building and the project complexity management. Based on study findings, a framework was created for leading 4 organizational processes in global projects, which includes the environment, team building, leadership selection, and setting of project success criteria. Higher efficiency in leading these processes may contribute to positive social change and support practitioners to promote a project environment for active knowledge integration.
36
Marques, Olavo Ramalho. "Sobre raízes e redes : territorialidade, memórias e identidades entre populações negras em cidades contemporâneas no sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/78159.
Анотація:
Esta tese se debruça sobre as concepções de espaço e tempo na metrópole contemporânea, a partir do estudo etnográfico de processos de territorialização e desterritorialização de populações negras nas cidades de Caxias do Sul e Porto Alegre. Trata-se de uma investigação acerca das tramas simbólicas produzidas pelos moradores ao habitar a cidade, enfocando, nos processos de transformação urbana, a forma como se articulam identidades étnicas e como estas definem territorialidades. Em Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul, metrópole heterogênea de grande fragmentação identitária, são enfocadas duas comunidades remanescentes de quilombos, o Quilombo do Areal e a Família Fidelix, bem como a apropriação simbólica do Mercado Público Central pelos adeptos das religiões de matriz africana, na chamada tradição Bará do Mercado. Em Caxias do Sul, cidade marcada pela colonização italiana, o processo de crescimento urbano evidencia a presença da alteridade, através da emergência de outras identidades e distintas narrativas, trazendo à tona grupos sociais até então invisíveis. A partir da ideia da existência de uma geopolítica das populações urbanas, enfatiza-se a disputa simbólica entre grupos étnicos, em que se inserem aspectos como invisibilidade, estigmatização, afirmação e positivação de identidades. Assim, busca-se compreender como entram em jogo as identidades e memórias dos grupos afrobrasileiros em tais cidades. Nesse contexto, cabe uma preocupação com distintas escalas de análise: desde os arranjos cotidianos e sociabilidades dos grupos em suas formas de ocupação do espaço urbano aos cenários políticoinstitucionais que definem políticas de proteção à diversidade e ao patrimônio cultural do país, em que emergem temas como cidadania, nação, patrimônio, raça, etnia e classe social.This thesis debates over the conceptions of space and time in contemporary metropolis, starting from the ethnographic research of processes of territorialization and deterritorialization within afro-descendant population’s in south Brazil, in the cities of Caxias do Sul and Porto Alegre. This is an investigation about the symbolical plots produced by the residents while inhabitants of the city, focusing, in the processes of urban renewal, the way trought which ethnic identities emerge and how it defines territorialities. In Porto Alegre - capital of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil - heterogeneous metropolis with great cultural fragmentation, two communities of remainders of quilombos are focused, Quilombo do Areal and Família Fidelix, as well as the symbolical appropriation of the Central Public Market by the followers of the Afro-brasillian religions, in the so-called Bará do Mercado Tradition. In Caxias do Sul, a city bounded by the Italian colonization, the process of urban transformation turns evident the presence of the alterity, through the emergence of other identities and narratives, bringing up social groups invisible until then. From the idea of the existence of a geopolitics of urban population, we look into the symbolical struggle between ethnic groups, in which invisibility, stigmatization, affirmation and positivation of identities are important aspects. In this way, we seek to understand the role that afro-brazilian group’s identities and memories plays in these cities. In this context, we are concerned with different scales of analysis: from the quotidian arranges and sociabilities of social groups in their way of occupying urban space, to the political-institutional scenario that defines politics for the protection of the nation’s diversity and cultural patrimony, in wich emerge themes as citizenship, nation, patrimony, ethnic groups, race and social class.
37
Sass, Jensen. "Deliberative politics in complex societies." Master's thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150854.
38
Ardika, I. Wayan. "Bronze artifacts and the rise of complex society in Bali." Master's thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116755.
Анотація:
The main purpose of this study is to determine the classification, distribution
and social functions of metal objects from sarcophagus burials in Bali. Questions of
chronology and the sources of raw materials for early metallurgy in Bali are also
examined.
The metal artifacts which have been analysed in this study are preserved in
the Central Museum, Jak arta; in the Museum Bali, Denpasar; in the collection of
the Directorate of History and National Heritage, Gianyar; and in the collection of
Archaeological Research in Denpasar.
Most of the metal objects from sarcophagus burials in Bali can be classified as
ornament. These include bracelets, finger rings, finger protectors, arm protectors,
wire necklace units, waist belts, ear rings, chains and pentagonal plates. Several
a rtifacts can also be classified as tools or implements, including axes of crescentbladed
and heart-bladed types.
These bracelets, pentagonal plates and axes of crescent-bladed and heart-bladed
types have been found not only in the sarcophagus burial sites but also in the
necropolis and settlement sites at Gilimanuk. Based on the distributions of those
artifacts it seems th a t exchange between the inhabitants of the inland and people of
the coastal sites may have occurred during the Early Metal period in Bali.
The appearance of metal working in Bali, which lacked raw materials both of
tin and copper, also indicates long distance trade. Both raw materials may have
been derived from islands west of Bali; tin may have been obtained from Bangka,
Belitung and adjacent areas, and copper exists in Sumatra and Java.
A comparative study with other island Southeast Asian sites which have been
dated indicates th a t early metallurgy in Bali may have developed at the first half of
the first millennium AD.
Metal objects from sarcophagus burials in Bali might have had high statu s
value as social symbols. Those who had access to metal objects might thus have held high rank in the society. The occurrence of early metal working in Bali may
also relate to an economic surplus dependent on wet rice cultivation.
The condition of Balinese society during the Early Metal period was a crucial
factor behind subsequent state formation in Bali.
39
Zubillaga, Herrera Bernardo José. "The statistical mechanics of societies: opinion formation dynamics and financial markets." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41703.
Анотація:
This work proposes a three-state microscopic opinion formation model based on the stochastic dynamics of the three-state majority-vote model. In order to mimic the heterogeneous compositions of societies, the agent-based model considers two different types of individuals: noise agents and contrarians. We propose an extension of the
model for the simulation of the dynamics of financial markets.
Agents are represented as nodes in a network of interactions and they can assume any of three distinct possible states (e.g. buy, sell or remain inactive, in a financial context). The time evolution of the state of an agent is dictated by probabilistic dynamics that include both local and global influences. A noise agent is subject to local interactions, tending to assume the majority state of its nearest neighbors with probability 1-q (dissenting from it with a probability given by the noise parameter q). A contrarian is subject to a global interaction with the society as a whole, tending to assume the state of the global minority of said society with probability 1 -q
(dissenting from it with probability q).
The stochastic dynamics are simulated on complex networks of different topologies, including square lattices, Barabási-Albert networks, Erdös-Rényi random graphs and small-world networks built according to a link rewiring scheme.
We perform Monte Carlo simulations to study the second-order phase transition of the system on small-world networks. We perform finite-size scaling analysis and calculate the phase diagram of the system, as well as the standard critical exponents for different values of the rewiring probability. We conclude that the rewiring of the lattice drives the system to different universality classes than that of the three-state majority-vote model on a two dimensional square lattice.
The model’s extension for financial markets exhibits the typical qualitative and quantitative features of real financial time series, including heavy-tailed return distributions, volatility clustering and long-term memory for the absolute values of the returns. The histograms of returns are fitted by means of coupled exponential distributions, quantitatively revealing transitions between leptokurtic, mesokurtic and platykurtic regimes in terms of a nonlinear statistical coupling and a shape parameter which describe the complexity of the system.
40
Martin, Brian Gerard. "The Green Gang in Shanghai, 1920-1937 : the rise of Du Yuesheng." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112131.
Анотація:
The subject of the thesis is the rise and development of the
Green Gang in Shanghai during the 1920s and 1930s. It approaches this theme through the study of
one particular Green Gang group which operated out of the French Concession, and specifically the
career of one of its bosses, Du Yuesheng.
In the early twentieth century the Green Gang was one of the major secret society organisations
active in North and Central China. Although it drew on earlier sectarian and organisational
traditions, the evidence suggests that its origins date only from the second half of the nineteenth
century. At an early stage Shanghai provided a very favourable environment for the development of
the Green Gang with its emphasis on the acquisition of wealth, its large immigrant population, its
separate jurisdictions, and its foreign administrations. By 1920, therefore, the city had emerged
as a major centre of Green Gang activity.
In the course of the 1920s the French Concession Green Gang group emerged as the dominant group
within the Green Gang system in Shanghai. This process was accompanied by changes in the power
relations within the group's leadership which saw the emergence of Du Yuesheng to a position of
predominance. The French Concession group's rise to power was the product of two factors: its
control of the opium traffic in Shanghai, and the agreement it reached with the French authorities
on the division of the profits from the traffic. After 1927 this agreement was expanded to include Green Gang assistance with aspects of
the internal security of the Concession, although the consequent marked increase in Du Yuesheng's
power compelled the French authorities to take action against him in 1932.
The French Concession Green Gang's increasing power attracted the attention of both the Chinese
Communist Party and the Guomindang who each sought its support in the period of the Northern
Expedition (1926-1928). Although the Green Gang bosses eventually supported Jiang Jieshi and
played a key role in his anti-communist coup in Shanghai of 12 April 1927 , nevertheless their
relations with the new Guomindang state were affected by the political instability of the regime
the late 1920s and early 1930s. It was the crisis provoked by the Shanghai Incident of 1932 which
provided a new basis for the relationship. The French Concession Green Gang group became one
element in the new corporatist structures which Jiang Jieshi created in the wake of the crisis in
order to strengthen his regime with the inclusion of key members of Shanghai's "civil society". Of
the the Green Gang bosses it was Du Yuesheng who adapted most effectively to the new system of
power. With his close connections with both the Guomindang's trade union organisations and
the leading members of the Shanghai bourgeoisie together with his activities in support of
the Government's economic policies, Du emerged as a key element in the Guomindang's corporatist
system of power in Shanghai. Indeed the years 1932 to 1937 represented the apogee of Du's power in
Shanghai.
41
"The rise and fall of the Argentine military industrial complex: Implications for civil-military relations." Tulane University, 2000.
Анотація:
This study explores the implications of the rise and fall of the Argentine military industrial complex on future civil-military relations. An investigation of the nationalist and military objective to attain self-sufficiency in defense-related industries begs the questions of whether concerns over dependency, on international sources of arms, internal enemies, regional rivalries, and periodic foreign policy tensions with the United States have been quelled permanently. If neoliberal policies in Argentina fail to provide a permanent model for development and Argentina sees a resurgence of nationalist-statist leaders, where will the wave of privatizations the military has experienced leave the nation and its leaders' aspirations to become a great power? On numerous past occasions the military has stepped in by force, with the support of key social sectors, to govern in the face of discontent and to defend its corporate interests. Within the new rubric of civil-military relations, where will party leaders and entrepreneurial groups who have often appealed to the military for help in removing their enemies from power turn? Will the armed forces' fear of diminished military might ring true? Or will a new military mission serve to curb their predisposition to enter politics? This work argues that prospects for the military's institutional incorporation into the state are currently better than in any period in Argentina's recent past. While military prerogatives have been reduced to a point that historically might have posed a dramatic threat to democracy, military contestation has remained relatively low. After years of slow but steady downsizing propelled by civilian leaders, it appears unlikely that the Argentine military retains the armed capacity and industrial muscle to resume its tradition of chronic interventionism. The changing international context has served to reinforce this new paradigm of subordination to civilian leadership for the Argentine militaryacase@tulane.edu
42
Klehm, Carla Elizabeth. "Regional dynamics and local dialectics in Iron Age Botswana : case studies from the hinterland in the Bosutswe Region." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25880.
Анотація:
Since the 1980's, few have included sub-Saharan African in worldwide comparative discussion of complex societies. This exclusion is at the expense of challenging embedded notions of the development of complexity. The trading polity Bosutswe (700-1700 AD) at the eastern edge of the Kalahari Desert in Botswana and its surrounding region provide a perfect example of why this is important. In the Bosutswe region, complexity was not be driven by external factors, elites, or the core, but arose from local actors and out of localized contexts. During its occupation, Bosutswe became increasingly involved with long-distance trade in the Indian Ocean exchange network, linking trade from the African coast to the interior. At Bosutswe, glass beads associated with long-distance trade and local ostrich eggshell beads attest to a strong local economy supported by cattle herding, subsistence farming, and iron and bronze manufacture. This trade with Bosutswe peaked from 1200-1450 AD, when social stratification at Bosutswe became spatially and materially evident. This dissertation focuses on Bosutswe's trajectory through the point of view of two nearby settlements, Khubu la Dintša (1220-1420 AD) and Mmadipudi Hill (~550-1200 AD), to reconstruct the local economy and landscape. Expanding the concept of the polity to one situated in a landscape of human and environmental interchange provides a key comparative insight to other studies of complex societies and variable trajectories of societal development. The Bosutswe landscape and by extension Iron Age southern Africa can be conceptualized as a patchwork of landmark hilltop polity centers on a scrub desert landscape of agropastoral activity surrounded by smaller hilltop and ground sites. The local dynamic may have involved strategies by Bosutswe to mitigate environmental characteristics of low rainfall, opportunistic hunting and herding opportunities for the surrounding communities, and alliances between these communities for security in a politically unstable era. Everyday life would have involved issues about land use, as over time herders and farmers exhausted pastures, soil fertility, and firewood. Treating these early polities as landscapes of human, animal, and environmental relationships will help revise the way early complex societies are conceptualized: not as individual sites, but as local landscapes of power.text
43
GENTILI, FILIPPO. "Multi-physics modelling for the safety assessment of complex structural systems under fire. The case of high-rise buildings." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/918045.
Анотація:
Among all structures, high-rise buildings pose specific design challenges with respect of fire safety for a number of reasons, in particular the evaluation of both the fire development (fire action) and response of the structural system to fire (structural behaviour).
In relation to the fire action, large compartments and open hallways often present in modern high-rise buildings don’t let themselves to be designed within compliance to current codes and standards. A comprehensive analysis of the fire environment is required to understand the fire dynamics in these cases. A Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model allows a quite accurate representation of realistic fire scenarios, because it takes into account the distribution of fuel, the geometry, the occupancy of individual compartments and the temperature rise in structural elements that are located outside the tributary area of fire scenario.
In relation to the structural behaviour under fire, the passive fire resistance of structural elements and the intrinsic robustness of the system are the only measures to rely on in order to maintain the structural integrity of the building during and after the fire and avoid major economic losses due to structural failures and prolonged inoperability of the premises. Disproportionate damages induced by fire can be avoided with a proper design of the structure, aimed at reducing the vulnerability of the elements to fire (i.e. their sensitivity to fire) or at increasing the robustness of the structural system (i.e. its sensitivity to local damages).
The topic of this thesis is the evaluation of the structural safety in case of fire by means of advanced multi-physics analyses with direct reference to the modern Performance-Based Fire Design (PBFD) framework. A fundamental aspect is how some basic failure mechanisms can be triggered or modified by the presence of fire on a part of a structural system, such as three hinge mechanism, bowing effects, catenary action, thermal buckling and snap-through, sway and non-sway collapse. High rise buildings, which are expected to be susceptible to fire-induced progressive collapse, will be investigated. Critical elements will be identified in the system and countermeasure for enhancement of structural integrity will be suggested. The investigation of the response of such a complex structures subjected to fire scenarios requires the use of CFD and Finite Element (FE) models for a realistic evaluation of the fire action and of the structural response respectively.
44
Correia, Bernardo Nunes. "Modeling and Generation of Playable Scenarios Based on Societies of Agents." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/96103.
Анотація:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Informática apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaGeração procedimental de conteúdo em videojogos consiste em abordagens algorítmicas à geração de conteúdo de jogos autónoma ou semiautónoma. É utilizada à vários anos como uma forma de diminuir o conteúdo que artistas e designers têm de criar, para os assistir na criação de conteúdo, para diminuir a quantidade de conteúdo que é necessário guardar em memória, e para permitir a possibilidade de jogos que não necessitam de terminar. Vários métodos têm sido desenvolvidos, cada um com as suas vantagens e desvantagens. Métodos baseados em agentes geram conteúdo com a ajuda de, normalmente simples, agentes IA independentes que tomam decisões que afetam o resultado final de alguma maneira. Este trabalho procura criar uma plataforma que utilize sistemas complexos adaptativos de agentes para modelar cenários de jogo. Dois cenários de jogo foram utilizados como prova de conceito. Um deles utiliza o famoso "Game of Life" de Conway, e o segundo uma adaptação do jogo de arcada "Bomberman". Uma interface gráfica do utilizador foi desenvolvida de modo a dar aos utilizadores uma forma de ver, interagir com, e editar a simulação. Uma ferramenta de cocriação baseada em geração procedimental de conteúdo foi também desenvolvida para auxiliar o utilizador na edição da simulação. A ferramenta usa o algoritmo "Wave Function Collapse" para propagar os padrões de uma área selecionada para o resto da grelha de simulação. A arquitetura desenvolvida teve sucesso em dar aos seus utilizadores o controlo necessário para incentivar a exploração dos cenários de jogo desenvolvidos. Tal plataforma poderá ser usada como uma base para o teste e exploração de abordagens de geração procedimental de conteúdo.
Procedural content generation in video games consists of algorithmic approaches to generate game content autonomously or semi-autonomously. It has been used for several years as a way to diminish the authorial burden of artists and designers, to assist them in the creation of the content, to diminish the amount of content needed to be stored in memory, and to enable the possibility of games that do not need to end. Several methods have been developed, each one with its advantages and disadvantages. Agent-based methods generate game artifacts with the help of, often very simplistic, AI agents that independently make decisions that affect the end result in some way. This work aims at creating a platform that utilizes complex adaptive systems of these agents to model game scenarios. Two proof of concept game scenarios were created. One of them used the famous Conway's Game of Life and the other an adaptation of the arcade game "Bomberman". A graphical user interface was developed in order to give users a way to view, interact with, and edit the simulation. A Procedural content generation-based co-creation tool was also developed to further aid the user. The tool uses the Wave Function Collapse algorithm to propagate the pattern style of a selected area to the rest of the simulation grid. The developed architecture is successful in giving the user the control needed to incentivize exploration of the developed game scenarios. Such a platform could be used as a base for the testing and exploration of PCG approaches.
45
Leitão, Simão Cardoso. "Associativismo e regulação social nas sociedades de democracia complexa: estudo realizado em contexto de realojamento social." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/3947.
Анотація:
O paradigma de regulação social que emergiu com a modernidade levou os mais
eminentes pensadores sociais a questionarem-se sobre o papel das associações. Incidindo
sobre a realidade associativa de um bairro social, este trabalho procura lançar pistas sobre a
reflexão em torno deste movimento que ganhou novo fôlego com a passagem do capitalismo
organizado para o capitalismo desorganizado, e a consequente chamada falência do Estado-
Providência nas sociedades de democracia complexa.
No contexto estudado, num estudo que se caracteriza como exploratório, a matriz Topdown
de natureza corporativa (Cohem e Rogers) e de gestão e prestação de serviços (Viegas)
domina o quadro associativo. Confirmam-se também as teses de Habermas e das macroteorias
no sentido de associarem a racionalidade dirigida a fins práticos ou a auto-mobilização
associativa como factores importantes no envolvimento dos indivíduos. Em termos globais os
dados apontam para um fosso, se não mesmo uma dificuldade estruturante, entre o almejado
modelo de governância e a realidade observada. Justificam-se portanto, neste caso, as teses na
linha de Weber, que falam de uma relação de troca, onde o associativismo mantém um papel
domesticador, mas contribui para a diminuição dos riscos de anomia individual. A
emancipação social a existir só se tornará efectivamente visível, para maior parte dos casos,
em termos geracionais.The social regulation paradigm, which emerged with the Modern Age led the most prominent social thinkers to question the role of associations. By focusing on the reality of associations from a public housing neighbourhood, this paper aims to propose new approaches for thought and discussion around this movement. It has gained new momentum with the transition from organised to disorganised capitalism, and the subsequent so called collapse of the welfare state in complex democracy societies. In this exploratory research, focusing on the context observed, in the scope of the associative Framework, the top-down corporative (Cohem e Rogers) and management and provision of services (Viegas) matrix is dominant. One can also confirm Habermas’ theses and macro theories, in the sense that these relate rationality directed at practical ends and the self-mobilisation of associations as important factors in the involvement of individuals. On the whole, the data indicate a gap, if not a structuring difficulty, between the desired governance paradigm and the reality observed. Therefore, in this case, one can deem as justified, theses’ deriving from Weber’s describing exchange-based relationships, where associativism maintains a domesticative role, but also contributes to a decrease in the risk of individual anomie. When and where social emancipation exists, in most cases, it can only become effectively visible from generation to generation.
46
Zoeller, Khalhela. "Insights into the distribution and mobility of metals in the sheeted dike complex formed at fast-spreading ridges (Pito Deep, EPR)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5264.
Анотація:
Hydrothermal fluid circulation is an important process in the formation and evolution of ocean crust. A tectonic window located at Pit Deep (NE corner Easter Microplate) provides an ideal location to examine a 3-dimensional view of ocean crust formed at the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise. This study focuses on the base metal (Cu, Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, and Pb) content of the bulk rock and mineral components in the sheeted dike complex. There is no observable trend of metal mobility with depth, geographic location, or dominant alteration phase. Secondary mineral analyses (using LA-ICP-MS) show that metals are redistributed throughout the sheeted dikes, entering into secondary sulphides, chlorite, and amphibole. Temperature and mineral stability is a primary control of metal mobility in these rocks. Due to highly variable metal concentrations and observed temperatures of alterations, the hydrothermal cell is suggested to be a continuously evolving system, and can cause the large variability observed in the metal distribution in the sheeted dikes.Graduate
0996
0411
0372
47
Mota, Maria João. "Entre Artes, em Lisboa: estudo antropológico sobre artistas plásticos africanos numa ex-metrópole colonial." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7199.
Анотація:
Esta investigação resultou do trabalho de campo feito sobre seis artistas plásticos africanos, que residem ou residiram na região metropolitana de Lisboa e que são originários ou viveram em cinco PALOP.
O objectivo principal foi analisar as práticas artísticas destes criadores como processos de mediação sociocultural. A produção artística proporciona uma via privilegiada de mediação que permite aos criadores transitarem entre diferentes meios socioculturais e, por conseguinte, aumentarem a sua participação institucional. Este tipo de mediação pressupõe uma relação assimétrica entre estratos sociais e um predomínio das relações de mediação de cima para baixo. No contexto português há uma menor frequência das relações de mediação no sentido inverso, excepto nos eventos políticos ligados à ideologia da lusofonia ou a grupos sociais percepcionados como imigrantes. As consequências dessas interacções são; por um lado, há um afastamento dos modelos estéticos tidos como tradicionais pelos artistas africanos que ascendem socialmente e são integrados na arte contemporânea, por outro lado, há a afirmação de africanidade por parte dos intervenientes que procuram a confirmação enquanto mediadores socioculturais.
Lisboa enquanto ex-metrópole colonial continua a centralizar e a manter relações preferenciais com os territórios africanos anteriormente colonizados. Através de espectáculos políticos, em que se incluem as artes plásticas lusófonas, Portugal procura marcar posição num contexto globalizado. A associação de estados-nações em unidades regionais (pan-europeias, pan-africanas, lusófona, francófona, anglófona, etc.) é uma conjuntura que, quando combinada com as trajectórias e a identidade existencial dos criadores, possibilita a manutenção de circuitos artísticos, paralelos ao mercado internacional da arte contemporânea.
This investigation was the result of fieldwork involving six African artists who reside or have resided in the metropolitan area of Lisbon and have origins or lived in five PALOP (African Countries with Portuguese as the Official Language) countries.
The main aim was to analyse their artistic practices as sociocultural mediation processes. Artistic production provides an opportunity for mediation that allows creative artists to circulate between different social contexts and consequently to extend their institutional participation. This type of mediation process presupposes an asymmetrical relationship among different social strata and a prevalence of top-bottom mediation relationships. In the Portuguese context relationships of the reverse type are less frequent, except in political events connected with Lusophone ideology or with groups perceived to be immigrants. The consequences of these interactions are one hand a movement away from the aesthetical models seen as traditional by upwardly mobile African artists involved in contemporary art, and on the other hand an affirmation of African identity by those who seek to confirm themselves as sociocultural mediators.
Lisbon, as a former colonial metropolis, continues to centralise and mantain special relationships with its ex-colonies in Africa. Through political performances, witch include Lusophone plastic arts, Portugal attempts to assert its position in a globalised context. The association of nation states in regional unities (Pan-European; Pan-African; Lusophone, Francophone, Anglophone, etc.) is a situation which, when combined with the trajectories and existential identity of the artists, makes it possible to maintain artistic circles parallel to the international contemporary art market.
48
Soares, Maria Joaquina Coelho. "Transformações sociais durante o III milénio BC no sul de Portugal: o povoado do Porto das Carretas." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20784.
Анотація:
O principal objectivo da presente dissertação consiste na caracterização da formação social
calcolítica da primeira metade do III milénio A.C. do Sul de Portugal e na análise das transformações
económico-sociais ocorridas na segunda metade do mesmo milénio, associadas à crise do modo de
produção do Calcolítico do Sudoeste Ibérico, de cujo colapso resultará um novo modelo de organização
social mais centralizado e hierarquizado, característico das sociedades da Idade do Bronze.
A sustentação empírica dos modelos teóricos formulados é constituída pelos dados arqueológicos
e base documental resultantes das escavações em extensão, dirigidas pela autora, no povoado
do Porto das Carretas (Mourão), localizado na margem esquerda do médio Guadiana. Este arqueossítio
foi contextualizado às escalas local (território do Triângulo da Luz) e regional (Sul de Portugal e
Sudoeste da Península Ibérica).
De entre a multiplicidade de factores que explicam as mudanças económicas e socioculturais,
elegeu-se, como motor dos processos de transformação social, a intensificação da produção, ou seja,
o desenvolvimento das forças produtivas. Na fase de emergência do processo de calcolitização valoriza-
se a chamada revolução dos produtos secundários da criação de gado, a que a autora associa um
modelo de organização social tribal complexo. O colapso desse modelo de organização social cria as
condições para a emergência de um novo tipo de sociedade mais desigual e hierarquizada (Horizonte
Campaniforme), cujos acréscimos de complexidade social são correlacionáveis com o pleno domínio
da metalurgia (cobre arsenical e ouro) e divisão social do trabalho (artífices especializados).This dissertation aims to characterise the Chalcolithic social organisation in the first half of the third millennium B.C. in Southern Portugal, and to analyse the economical and social transformations that took place in the second half of the same millennium. These were related to the decline of the Chalcolithic mode of production in South-Western Iberia. The complex, more centralised and hierarchical Bronze Age societies emerged from the collapse of that social model. The theoretical constructions draw on the empirical record from the archaeological excavations, directed by the author, in the settlement of Porto das Carretas (Mourão), that surmount the left bank of Guadiana River. The site has been contextualised both at local (Triângulo da Luz territory) and regional scale (South-Western Iberian Peninsula). From the several factors explaining the process of change, the intensification of production was chosen for this study, as associated with technological and economical innovations. As far as the dawn of the Chalcolithic is concerned, it is necessary to follow the positive effects of the Secondary Products Revolution on the rates of growth of all the indicators of social development, such as productivity, sendentism and population density. For the first half of the third millennium B.C., the author proposes a complex tribal organisation model, where the social hierarchy was maintained in the kinship structure. The crisis of the Chalcolithic society gave way, in the second half of the third millennium B.C., to more unequal and hierarchical societies (Bell Beaker period), along with the development of copper metallurgy (copper-arsenic alloys) and craft specialisation.