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1
Johnson, Matthew, Paul Reich, and Ralph Mac Nally. "Bird assemblages of a fragmented agricultural landscape and the relative importance of vegetation structure and landscape pattern." Wildlife Research 34, no. 3 (2007): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many of the world’s agricultural areas have greatly reduced levels of natural vegetation. This results in highly fragmented mosaic landscapes with multiple land-use types. We examined the importance of vegetation and landscape pattern by comparing the bird assemblages of riparian zones, non-riparian forest patches, and pasture in a fragmented agricultural landscape in south-eastern Australia. Bird surveys were conducted every four weeks at 27 sites in the Goldfields region of central Victoria for one year. The landscape context (position and shape of patches) and vegetation attributes were measured for each site. We found that bird assemblages strongly differed among these landscape elements. Mean abundance was significantly greater at forested patches, and there was a three-fold reduction in species richness at pasture sites. Bird assemblage structure was influenced substantially more by vegetation than by the landscape context of sites. Our results indicate that riparian vegetation is a key element for avian diversity, even in massively altered landscapes. The restoration of riparian vegetation and its connectivity with adjacent forest types would greatly benefit bird assemblages in agricultural areas.
2
Menkhorst, PW, BW Weavers, and JSA Alexander. "Distribution, Habitat and Conservation Status of the Squirrel Glider Petaurus-Norfolcensis (Petauridae, Marsupialia) in Victoria." Wildlife Research 15, no. 1 (1988): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The results of a trapping and spotlighting survey in Victoria of the squirrel glider, Petaurus norfolcensis, coupled with examination of historical records showed that the species is restricted to the Riverine Plains, Northern Uplands and northern slopes of the Western Highlands. Within these regions squirrel gliders inhabit remnant woodlands or open-forests which have mature or mixed-age stands of more than one eucalypt species, or riparian open-forests of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The mixed-species stands which support squirrel gliders invariably include gum-barked and high nectar-producing species including some which flower in winter. The riparian open forests typically contain mature Acacia dealbata which may provide an important winter carbohydrate source. The squirrel glider was often the only arboreal mammal detected at a site; if another species was present it was usually the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula. Other petaurids rarely occurred at the same site. We suggest that in Victoria the ecological tolerance of the squirrel glider is narrow 'and that the species should be considered vulnerable because most of its habitat has been cleared for farming. Commercial exploitation of timber and grazing of stock in much of the remaining habitat places further stress upon the small, fragmented populations of this species.
3
Melick, DR. "Flood Resistance of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii From Riparian Warm Temperate Rain-Forest in Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 4 (1990): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The responses of seedlings of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii, two important tree species in riparian warm temperate rainforest communities in Victoria, are investigated in relation to flood disturbances. Freshly germinated A. smithii seedlings had died within 5 weeks of complete waterlogging in the greenhouse, and although the young T. laurina seedlings survived waterlogging for 14 weeks, their growth rate was curtailed. Nine-month-old seedlings of both species were found to be relatively tolerant to waterlogging, forming aerenchymatous surface roots after 40 days of flooding. Neither species suffered leaf abscission or demonstrated any other signs of water stress commonly associated with flood intolerant species. In experiments to determine the resilience of these species to physical flood damage, both species also demonstrated a capacity to regenerate vegetatively following the removal of above ground parts in young seedlings. The heartwood of T. laurina was found to be more decay resistant than that of other species in the field including that of A. smithii. The significance of these results are discussed in relation to other factors examined in earlier papers adding to the understanding of the ecological status of these species within the riparian rainforest communities.
4
SIMKIN, ROHAN, and PATRICK J. BAKER. "Disturbance history and stand dynamics in tall open forest and riparian rainforest in the Central Highlands of Victoria." Austral Ecology 33, no. 6 (September 2008): 747–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01843.x.
Повний текст джерела
5
Melick, DR. "Relative Drought Resistance of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii From Riparian Warm Temperate Rainforest in Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 4 (1990): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900361.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The drought tolerances of the warm temperate rainforest species Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii were examined. Using pressure bomb techniques the tissue water relations of hardened juvenile and adult material were measured. T. laurina showed relatively little physiological drought tolerance in either the juvenile or adult plants, whereas A. smithii showed an increase in physiological drought tolerance in adult plants. Direct observations of droughted hardened 9-month-old seedlings revealed a relatively high leaf conductance in T. laurina seedlings with wilting becoming generalised after 9 days of droughting. All T. laurina plants rehydrated after 15 days of drought survived albeit with significant leaf abscission, but only 2 of the 5 plants rehydrated after 20 days of drought recovered and these were defoliated. Stomatal resistances were higher in droughted A. smithii seedlings and wilting did not become generalised until after 14 days of droughting. All A. smithii plants recovered when rehydrated after 20 days of droughting with little or no sign of leaf abscission. Leaves of T. laurina and A. smithii became scorched when subjected to temperatures of 50°C and 60°C respectively. The extent to which these differences delimit the distribution of these species in the relatively dry warm temperate rainforest communities of Gippsland in Victoria is discussed.
6
Gillespie, GR, and GJ Hollis. "Distribution and habitat of the spotted tree-frog, Litoria spenceri Dubois (Anura : Hylidae), and an assessment of potential causes of population declines." Wildlife Research 23, no. 1 (1996): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An extensive survey of the distribution and abundance of the spotted tree frog, Litoria spenceri, was conducted throughout its range in the Central and Eastern Highlands of Victoria and parts of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory between November 1991 and April 1994. Of the 64 streams surveyed, Litoria spenceri was recorded along 16, 15 in Victoria and one in New South Wales. The species was located along six streams in which it had not been recorded before, but could not be found along four streams in which it had previously been recorded. The survey failed to detect L. spenceri at historical sites on four other streams but located it elsewhere along those streams. Frogs were located predominantly in association with rocky banks adjacent to fast flowing water. Most populations occurred in dissected mountainous country, generally in areas with limited access and disturbance. Analysis of disturbance histories at individual sites and within catchments supporting the species indicates an association between the contraction in distribution and a number of human disturbances to forest and riparian habitats.
7
Skerratt, Lee F., John H. L. Skerratt, Sam Banks, Roger Martin, and Kathrine Handasyde. "Aspects of the ecology of common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) at high density on pastoral land in Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 52, no. 3 (2004): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo02061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Free-living common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) living at high densities on pastoral land (1.9 wombats ha–1) had most of their burrows (83%) confined to a 20-m-wide strip of remnant riparian vegetation adjacent to pasture (24 burrows ha–1). The ratio of wombats to 'active' burrows (being used by wombats) was 1.0. Wombats shared burrows extensively, with a mean of 3.1 ± 0.3 (s.e.), range 2–9 wombats using each burrow (n = 37). The majority (70%) of occupied burrows contained several wombats independent of age, sex and stage of reproduction. On average, wombats used the same burrow for 3.8 consecutive nights before changing to another. Home ranges of wombats overlapped completely. Adult males had larger home ranges than females with young (7.3 ± 0.6, 6.1–8.3 ha, n = 3 versus 3.8 ± 0.5, 2.4–5.0 ha, n = 4, respectively). Distances travelled and the area used each night by wombats decreased in late winter and spring, when food was more abundant. Breeding occurred throughout the year but there was a cluster of births in summer. Lactation was associated with weight loss in females of several kilograms. Usually larger (30 kg) males that shared burrows or used burrows near (<300 m) to the burrows used by a female sired her young; however, occasionally wombats that used widely separated burrows (>700 m) bred. Adult males had a greater head length to weight ratio than adult females. Adult males generally emerged from their burrows shortly after dusk and 30 min before adult females. Ectoparasites such as ticks, mites, fleas and lice were common but the mite Sarcoptes scabiei was not found nor were there signs of sarcoptic mange in the population.
8
Melick, DR. "Regenerative Succession of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii in Riparian Warm Temperate Rain-Forest in Victoria, in Relation to Light and Nutrient Regimes." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 2 (1990): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii often form a dominant association in riparian warm temperate rainforest communities in Victoria. The photosynthetic and morphological responses of seedlings of these species to varied light regimes, and the growth responses of seedlings in different nutrient regimes were examined in the laboratory. Acmena smithii was the most shade tolerant, having the lowest light compensation points, dark respiration rates and greater increases in leaf area ratio under low light conditions. Tristaniopsis laurina consistently demonstrated greater maximum rates of leaf photosynthesis at higher photon flux densities. In response to increased nutrients, T. laurina seedlings showed a marked increase in growth and a decrease in root/shoot ratios, while A. smithii demonstrated relatively small growth increases and showed an increase in root/shoot ratios. These results are discussed in relation to the ecological status of these species within the rainforest communities.
9
Lester, Rebecca E., Wendy Wright, and Michelle Jones-Lennon. "Does adding wood to agricultural streams enhance biodiversity? An experimental approach." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 8 (2007): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Riparian clearing and the removal of wood from channels have affected many streams in agricultural landscapes. As a result, these streams often have depauperate in-stream wood loads, and therefore decreased habitat complexity and lower levels of in-stream biodiversity. The introduction of wood was investigated as a possible rehabilitation technique for agricultural streams. Wood was re-introduced to eight streams in two separate high-rainfall, intensively grazed regions of Victoria, Australia and the effect on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities was measured. The addition of wood increased overall family richness and the richness of most functional feeding groups occupying edge and benthic habitats within the stream. Wood addition led to less overlap between benthic and edge macroinvertebrate communities, suggesting increased habitat heterogeneity within the stream ecosystem. Of all sampled habitats, wood supported the greatest density of families and was colonised by all functional feeding groups. Wood habitats also had the highest overall richness and supported the most taxa that were sensitive to disturbance. These findings suggest that re-introducing wood to agricultural streams is an appropriate rehabilitation technique where those streams are affected by reduced habitat complexity. Additional work is needed to confirm these findings over larger spatial and temporal scales.
10
Lawrence, Susan, James Grove, Peter Davies, Jodi Turnbull, Ian Rutherfurd, and Mark Macklin. "Historical dredge mining as a significant anthropomorphic agent in river systems: A case study from south-eastern Australia." Holocene 31, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 1158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211003272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bucket dredging to mine and extract gold and tin from rivers is a global industry that has had a range of negative effects on physical environments. These include the destruction of riparian soil profiles and structures, artificial channel straightening and loss of in-stream biodiversity. In this paper we evaluate the immediate effects and long-term consequences of bucket dredging on rivers in Victoria and New South Wales during the period 1900–1950. High quality historical sources on dredge mining are integrated with geospatial datasets, aerial imagery and geomorphological data to analyse the scale of the dredging industry, evidence for disturbance to river channels and floodplains and current land use in dredged areas. The study demonstrates that the environmental impact of dredging was altered but not reduced by anti-pollution regulations intended to control dredging. An assessment of river condition 70–100 years after dredge mining ceased indicates that floodplains and river channels continue to show the effects of dredging, including bank erosion, sediment slugs, compromised habitat and reduced agricultural productivity. These findings have significant implications for river and floodplain management.
11
Orina, Paul, Erick Ogello, Elijah Kembenya, Cecilia Muthoni, Safina Musa, Veronica Ombwa, Venny Mwainge, et al. "The state of cage culture in Lake Victoria: A focus on sustainability, rural economic empowerment, and food security." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.01.09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Capture fisheries and aquaculture have remained important sources of food, nutrition, income and livelihoods to millions globally, with annual per capita consumption of fish in developing countries having increased from 5.2 kg in 1961 to 18.8 kg in 2013. On the contrary, low income food-deficit countries annual fish per capita consumption rose from 3.5 to 7.6 kg against 26.8 kg among industrialized countries. Increased demand for animal protein and declining capture fisheries has seen aquaculture grow rapidly than any other food production sector over the past three decades. Rapid global aquaculture growth is directly related to levels of technological advancement, adoption and adaption prompting aquaculture transition from semi-intensive to intensive and super intensive production systems among developing and developed countries. In light of the aquatic environment economic potential, cage culture in Lake Victoria is fast gaining prominence in aquaculture production contribution. This began with trials by Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute and Uganda’s National Fisheries Resource Research Institute and later by private investors at Dunga and Obenge beaches of Kenya, Source of the Nile in Uganda and Bulamba Beach Management Units in Bunda District of Tanzania. However, only Kenya has so far documented cage culture development recording 3,696 cages across the five riparian counties with an estimated production capacity of 3,180 MT valued at Kshs 955.4 Million (9.6 million USD), created over 500 jobs directly and indirectly created income opportunities for over 4,000 people. The sub-sector’s value chain, its supportive value chains and associated enterprises are rapidly expanding thus creating jobs, enhancing incomes and ensuring food security in rural and urban areas. As cage culture commercialization takes root, there is urgent need to address issues such as introduction of alien species, diseases, marine parks and maximum carrying capacity among other aspects. This will require trans-boundary policy to ensure sustainable utilization of the lake as a common resource.
12
Isaac, Bronwyn, John White, Daniel Ierodiaconou, and Raylene Cooke. "Response of a cryptic apex predator to a complete urban to forest gradient." Wildlife Research 40, no. 5 (2013): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context Urbanisation is one of the most damaging landscape-scale disturbance processes leading to significant and potentially irreversible changes in biodiversity. How apex predators respond to urbanisation is poorly understood, largely because of their low density and low detectability. Given the important functional roles of apex predators in ecosystems, it is critical that research investigates how they respond to urbanisation, and how urban systems can be designed to better support apex predators. Aims The present research aims to examine how an avian apex predator, the powerful owl, responds to a complete urban–forest gradient in southern Victoria, Australia. Specifically, the research aims to understand the environmental attributes that drive habitat suitability for powerful owls across the urban–forest gradient. Methods Using a total of 683 independent field- and atlas-derived records of powerful owls across the study site, the research takes a presence-only modelling approach. The presence points were modelled against a series of geospatial variables that were determined a priori on the basis of the known ecology of powerful owls. Key results Potential powerful owl habitat declined in a dramatic fashion in response to increasing levels of urbanisation, ranging from 76% of the forest landscape to 21% of the urban landscape. Powerful owl habitat availability across the urban–forest gradient is positively influenced by tree cover, productivity (normalised difference vegetation index) and proximity to river systems and riparian vegetation. Conclusions Presence-only modelling has provided a useful way for investigating the response of an apex predator to a gradient of urbanisation. Although powerful owl habitat availability is negatively reduced by urbanisation, there is significant scope to manage urban landscapes to either maintain or improve the availability of habitat across the gradient. Implications High resource-requiring species, such as apex predators, have the capacity to be detrimentally affected by urbanisation processes. Presence-only modelling, however, provides a useful tool for investigating how these difficult-to-detect species are affected by urbanisation, and ultimately inform how landscapes can be managed to maximise habitat availability for apex predators.
13
Jayawardana, J. M. C. K., Martin Westbrooke, Michael Wilson, and Cameron Hurst. "Macroinvertebrate communities in willow (Salix spp.) and reed beds (Phragmites australis) in central Victorian streams in Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 4 (2006): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exotic willows (Salix spp.) are widespread riparian tree species of rivers in temperate Australia and New Zealand. Despite being considered as a weed of national significance, little is known about the habitat value of willows and the impact on aquatic biota of vegetation change following willow management programmes. Macroinvertebrate fauna in root habitats of willows and Phragmites australis habitats were examined in three central Victorian rivers to understand the effect of such littoral habitat changes on macroinvertebrates. Data were analysed using Partially Nested Factorial ANOVA with season, river and habitat as main effects. Habitat structure had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on macroinvertebrate community assemblage. However, effect of habitat was not consistent among seasons. The greatest community differences among habitats were observed during winter and least separation during autumn. Taxa responsible for community differences among habitats were also identified. Species richness and abundance did not show consistent variation among habitats over different rivers or seasons. This study provided some indication of the macroinvertebrate community changes that would take place in situations where riparian vegetation changes takes place from willows to P. australis.
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Harley, DKP, MA Worley, and TK Harley. "The distribution and abundance of Leadbeater?s possum Gymnobelideus leadbeateri in lowland swamp forest at Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 1 (2005): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1986, a small, outlying population of Leadbeater?s possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) was discovered inhabiting lowland swamp forest at Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve. It is the only known extant lowland population, and occurs in habitat dramatically different to that throughout the possum?s core range in the montane ash forests of the Victorian Central Highlands. As part of an investigation into the species? ecology in lowland swamp forest, surveys were undertaken to establish the possum?s distribution and abundance at Yellingbo. The population is estimated to contain 80 - 100 individuals, distributed along a narrow, 6 km length of riparian forest. Most of the suitable foraging habitat is presently occupied, and densities are similar to those previously reported for the species in montane ash forest. The possums are breeding year round, with significant recruitment of young into the population, and data obtained between 1995-2004 suggest that the population size is currently stable. A highly targeted revegetation program focused on the floodplain has the potential to improve up to 85 ha of degraded swamp forest, and in so doing would more than double the area of suitable habitat for G. leadbeateri in the reserve.
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Giles, Robyn L., Andrew N. Drinnan, and Neville G. Walsh. "Variation in Phebalium glandulosum subsp. glandulosum: morphometric and anatomical evidence (Rutaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 21, no. 4 (2008): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb07023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Specimens of Phebalium glandulosum Hook. subsp. glandulosum representing the entire geographic range of the subspecies were examined for morphological and anatomical variation. Phenetic patterns were identified with the pattern analysis package PATN, and three distinct groups were identified. One group consists of plants from inland areas of New South Wales, north-western Victoria, and the Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas of South Australia; a second group consists of plants collected from alongside the Snowy River in eastern Victoria and south-eastern New South Wales; and a third group consists of plants from Queensland and northern New South Wales. The climate analysis program BIOCLIM was used to compare climate variables across the geographic range, and showed clear climatic separation in support of the phenetic analysis. The three groups are formally recognised here as distinct subspecies. Plants from Queensland and the Bourke region of northern New South Wales belong to the typical subspecies; plants from north-western Victoria, central New South Wales, and the Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas of South Australia form a cohesive assemblage and are recognised as a new subspecies P. glandulosum subsp. macrocalyx; and plants from the Snowy River in far eastern Victoria and the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales form a distinct and isolated group recognised as a new subspecies P. glandulosum subsp. riparium. These new subspecies are formally described, and an identification key and summaries distinguishing all six subspecies of P. glandulosum are presented.
16
P. Kavanagh, Rodney, and Garry A. Webb. "Effects of variable-intensity logging on mammals, reptiles and amphibians at Waratah Creek, southeastern New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 4 (1998): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980326.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Populations of arboreal marsupials, small ground-dwelling mammals, reptiles and amphibians were assessed in forest before and after logging. Different levels of canopy retention were specified to estimate the effect of varying intensities of logging on these fauna. The logging treatments imposed were; unlogged, and the retention of approximately 72%, 58% and 30% of the original canopy cover. This corresponded to 62%, 52% and 21 % retention of the original tree basal area on each logged area. The objectives of the study were to determine the sensitivity of species to logging, both in terms of the intensity of the initial impact and in terms of the time to recovery following disturbance, and to develop methods for managing areas within wood production forests where special wildlife values have been identified. A total of 53 species was recorded in the 500 ha study area, only 18 (34.0%) of which were abundant enough for assessments to be made about the effects of logging. The arboreal marsupials, in particular the Greater Glider Petauroides volans, were among the species more sensitive to logging disturbance. The small, ground-dwelling mammals and the reptiles that were sampled adequately in this study appeared to be relatively unaffected by logging or they recovered quickly (most within eight years, and probably all within 10?15 years) following logging. Despite a large survey effort, insufficient data were available to assess the effects of logging on most species of frogs, although two species may have been advantaged. The species requiring management consideration include those that declined as a result of logging, but which had not recovered within eight years (the Greater Glider, the Yellow-bellied Glider Petaurus australis, the Sugar Glider P. breviceps, and the skink Niveoscincus coventryi), the species that declined in both logged and unlogged areas (the frogs Pseudophryne bibronii, Limnodynastes peronii, Geocrinia victoriana and Heleioporus australiacus), and the species for which the data were too sparse to make any assessments. It is unclear when the species most disadvantaged by integrated logging, that is, the large gliding possums, will recolonize the logged areas. The persistence of these gliders was attributed to the retention of unlogged forest within and adjacent to logged areas. This highlights the role of riparian reserves ("wildlife corridors") and filter strips in retaining residual populations of the Greater Glider and the Yellow-bellied Glider until the logged areas are suitable for recolonization, and the importance of determining the effective size for these unlogged reserves. The data were not sufficient to determine conclusively whether reduced logging intensity at the levels applied was a better option than standard logging practices for managing populations of gliding possums in these forests. The results of this study, which was conducted in a forested landscape that was multi-aged but predominantly unlogged, may not be comparable to intensively-managed forests in which there is a lower proportion of unlogged forest and where multiple logging events have occurred.