Дисертації з теми "Rice aging"
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1
Xu, Jinyong. "Development of metal oxide-based gas sensors for the detection of biomarkers in rice aging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCA007.
Анотація:
Cette étude vise à développer des capteurs de gaz à haute performance à base d'oxydes métalliques pour la détection à température ambiante de biomarqueurs générés dans le processus de vieillissement du riz. Trois oxydes métalliques ayant des défauts structuraux tels que W18O49, CeO2-x et ZnO/ZnSnO3 ont été préparés avec succès grâce à une stratégie combinant une méthode hydrothermale simple avec différentes modifications de surface, y compris le dopage avec métaux précieux et le conditionnement structurel. La topographie et la composition de phase des oxydes métalliques obtenus ont été étudiées à l'aide de la microscopie électronique à balayage par émission de champ (FE-SEM), de la Diffraction des rayons X (DRX), de la microscopie électronique à transmission à haute résolution (HRTEM) et du spectromètre photoélectronique à rayons X (XPS). Les performances de détection des gaz à température ambiante, notamment la sensibilité, le temps de réponse/récupération, la sélectivité et la stabilité de ces oxydes métalliques dans la détection des biomarqueurs générés lors du vieillissement du riz, ont été étudiées en profondeur afin d'explorer l'influence du dopage en Ru, du post-traitement et du débit d'hydrogène sur les propriétés de détection de gaz, se traduisant par la réduction de la température de fonctionnement et l'amélioration de la sensibilité.La caractérisation du matériau a montré que des oxydes métalliques de morphologie et de structure différentes ont été préparés avec succès par hydrothermie et projection plasma de solution de précurseurs (SPPS). Leur évolution microstructurale est contrôlée avec précision respectivement par l’incorporation de Ru, le recuit sous différentes atmosphères et la régulation du débit d'hydrogène. L'étude des performances de détection de gaz a montré que les oxydes métalliques obtenus présentaient d'excellentes propriétés de détection de gaz à température ambiante pour des biomarqueurs caractéristiques tels que le nonaldéhyde, le Linalol et la 2 - undécanone, incluant une sensibilité élevée, des temps de réponse/récupération rapides et une faible limite de détection. L'amélioration des propriétés de détection de gaz à température ambiante est principalement due à l'effet synergique de leur structure unique et à l'incorporation de défauts, y compris les lacunes en oxygène et les défauts cristallins. De plus, les résultats expérimentaux montrent que le recuit atmosphérique (5%H2+95%Ar) du W18O49 et du CeO2 dopé en Ru permet de différencier le riz Indica du riz Japonic. Alors que ZnO/ZnSnO3, préparé avec un débit d'hydrogène de 3L/min, est exposé aux deux variétés de riz, un comportement de conductivité inverse est observé. Plus important encore, la projection plasma de solution de précurseur (SPPS) se démarque en résolvant les limitations, telles que la croissance lente des particules et l'insuffisance des défauts dans le cristallin, qui existaient dans les méthodes mentionnées ci-dessus (dopage de métaux nobles et post-traitement). Grâce à ses propriétés intrinsèques, le SPPS permet d'introduire efficacement des défauts très concentrés dans les oxydes métalliques, mais aussi de construire des hétérostructures grâce aux différents taux de volatilisation des sources métalliques, en particulier dans la fabrication d'oxydes métalliques ternaires, renforçant conjointement les propriétés de détection de gaz des oxydes métalliquesThis study aims to develop high-performance metal oxide-based gas sensors for room-temperature detection of biomarkers in rice aging by incorporating oxygen vacancies. Three metal oxides, namely W18O49, CeO2-x, and ZnO/ZnSnO3 are successfully fabricated through strategies that combined a simple hydrothermal method with different surface modifications including noble metal loading, and structural regulation. The morphologies and phase compositions of the obtained metal oxides are investigated using a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). The room-temperature gas-sensing performance, including sensitivity, response/recovery time, selectivity, and stability, of these metal oxides in detecting biomarkers in rice aging, is comprehensively investigated to explore the influence of Ru loading, post-treatment, and hydrogen flow on the enhanced gas-sensing properties, represented by the reduction of working temperature and the improvement of sensitivity. The room-temperature gas-sensing mechanism in the analysis of the characteristic biomarker is proposed. Furthermore, the practicability of the developed gas sensors is verified by two varieties of rice (Japonica rice and Indica rice).Material characterizations reveal that metal oxides with different morphologies and structures are successfully prepared by the hydrothermal and solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) methods. Their microstructure evolutions are precisely manipulated by Ru incorporation, annealing under different atmospheres, and adjusting the flow of hydrogen, respectively. The gas-sensing performance investigations exhibit that the obtained metal oxides displayed excellent room-temperature gas-sensing properties, including high sensitivity, rapid response/recovery time, and low detection limit, towards the characteristic biomarkers such as nonanal, linalool, and 2-Undecanone. The enhanced room-temperature gas-sensing performance is chiefly due to the synergistic effects of their unique structures, and the incorporation of oxygen vacancies. In addition, the experimental results show that Ru-loaded W18O49 and CeO2-x annealed under the atmosphere (5%H2+95%Ar) may be able to distinguish Indica rice from Japonica rice. Conversely reversal conducting behaviors can be observed when ZnO/ZnSnO3 fabricated with the hydrogen flow of 3 L/min is exposed to two varieties of rice. Most importantly, SPPS stands out in solving the limitations, such as slow particle growth and insufficient oxygen vacancies in crystals, which exists in the above-stated methods (noble metal loading and post-treatment). Because of its intrinsic characteristics, SPPS can effectively incorporate highly concentrated oxygen vacancies into metal oxides, and also construct heterostructures due to the different volatilization rates of metal sources, especially in the fabrication of ternary metal oxides, collectively enhancing the gas-sensing properties of metal oxides
2
Sanchez, Christine. "Aging with Identity: Integrating Culture into Senior Housing." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002669.
3
Noboa, Carlamarie Ramos. "Factors Influencing Alzheimer's Disease Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Puerto Rico." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10973675.
Анотація:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with substantial healthcare utilization costs, resulting in a public health priority. In this study, the relationship between the demographic characteristics of age, gender, and type of health insurance; the presence of comorbidities of older Puerto Rican residents diagnosed with AD; and their healthcare utilization patterns (i.e., medical office and emergency room visits and hospital admissions) was examined using Andersen’s behavioral model. Data from the 2013 Puerto Rico Health Study was used in this retrospective cohort design study. All AD cases aged ≥ 60 years were extracted using systematic random sampling. One-way ANOVA-WELCH, Mann-Whitney U test, and negative binomial regressions determined if there was a relationship between independent and dependent variables. Results indicated a statistically significant relationship between age, gender, health insurance type, and presence of comorbidities factors and healthcare utilization patterns among older Puerto Ricans with AD. From the results, opportunities were identified for further research and changes in professional practices in order to initiate discussions and action plans to improve services coordination for older Puerto Ricans with AD. Findings might impact social change by inspiring modifications to the public health infrastructure. These modifications may lead to enhanced disease management support, promoted social justice, and increased resources to improve healthcare access and quality of care, and overall enhancement of health outcomes, for Puerto Ricans living with AD.
4
Hosseini, Ramin. "Single strand-preferring nuclease (SSPN) activity and ultrastructural changes in ageing rice cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285570.
5
Lau, Ka-chi. "Assessing the problems of implementing major improvement works in aging private residential buildings in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31969148.
6
Li, Wan-kam. "The threats of aging private buildings in Hong Kong : assessing social, environmental and physical externalities /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4098848X.
7
Li, Wan-kam, and 李韻琴. "The threats of aging private buildings in Hong Kong: assessing social, environmental and physicalexternalities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45009351.
8
Lau, Ka-chi, and 劉家池. "Assessing the problems of implementing major improvement works in aging private residential buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969148.
9
Pomales, Tony Orlando. "“Estamos de pie y en lucha”/“We are standing and fighting”: aging, inequality, and activism among sex workers in neoliberal Costa Rica." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1728.
Анотація:
Over the last two decades, the use of empowerment approaches to help reduce health-related vulnerabilities and violence among female sex workers has increasingly informed global health efforts directed at HIV/STD prevention. The empowerment approach to sex worker health rejects both abolitionist and narrowly conceived clinical approaches in favor of strategies that promote commercial sex as valid work, strengthen sex workers’ agency, reinforce female sexual autonomy, and support rights-based framing. A significant outcome of the empowerment approach to integrating health, social, and legal strategies has been the creation of numerous sex worker associations and NGOs, which advocate for collective mobilization and community-based HIV/STD prevention programs among sex workers. Despite numerous studies examining the efficacy of community empowerment approaches to sex worker health and the creation of civil society organizations to implement such approaches, there has been little theorization about how participation in sex worker NGO-based programming and activism shapes the personal, embodied experiences and subjectivities of sex workers. Similarly, questions of how sex worker associations and NGOs are shaped by the experiences, realities, feelings, and personal opinions of sex workers have received limited attention. Given the morally charged and highly stigmatized environments in which sex workers typically operate, studying how and which sex workers come into contact with these NGOs helps to illuminate how community and kinship relations, and individual and collective aspirations, shape sex work activism and contribute to the making (and unmaking) of related associations and NGOs. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research with female sex workers and sex work activists, this work combines medical anthropological and feminist perspectives to interpret sex worker associations and NGOs as “local moral worlds” that highlight how subjectivities, body, moral experience, kinship, care, and women’s agency relate. From the subjective experiences of older female sex worker/activist informants, I argue that sex worker associations and NGOs are best comprehended not simply as the outcomes of global health efforts to curb the spread of HIV and other STDs, but also as complex social arenas that need to be reconsidered in light of existing relationships between and among sex workers and their families and the state. This argument is informed by my yearlong engagement with Women’s Solidarity House (WSH), a pseudonym for an organized association of active and retired female sex workers in the red-light district of San José, which recently received NGO status from the Costa Rican state. One important dimension of WSH that requires careful consideration is the fact that most of the women who participate in its development and programming are over the age of 40, with an average age of about 52. This fact makes WSH an interesting and important case study, since it caters most especially to female sex workers who are generally outside of the purview of most sex worker empowerment and health-related prevention programs, which are designed and implemented by public health researchers and development specialists. While theories of gender, stigma, and social inequality have increasingly informed medical anthropological efforts to understand how structural factors shape the personal, embodied experiences of sex workers and the distribution of HIV/STDs, there has been very little effort to understand how aging and ageism factor into the making and unmaking of sex worker embodiment and subjectivity and older women sex workers’ risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases and infections. Given that sex work is a profession or income-generating strategy that adult women in various stages of their lives perform, the lack of research and theorization about these aspects of female sex workers’ lives, I suggest, has prevented a broader research and programmatic response both to common risks such as HIV/STDs and violence, and to work-related health problems and occupational conditions that older sex workers may consider more important in their day-to-day lives. My research shows that a “structural approach” to sex work, which highlights the underlying social, historical, political, and economic forces that encourage and foster the economic exploitation, stigmatization, and negative health outcomes of women (and men) who sell sex, would benefit from adding a feminist anthropological perspective on aging. In this view, aging is a critical social structural inequality that society uses to devalue women’s status and which women often experience as stigmatizing and/or shameful. In Costa Rica, where recent reporting has suggested an increase in the number of older women in the local sex industry, studying women’s experiences of and responses to growing old in the sex trade reveals not only the long-term impacts of neoliberal reform polices, but also how gendered discourses about aging, increasing familial caregiving responsibilities, and growing inequality and economic pressure, together, conspire to limit older women sex workers’ employment opportunities and put them at greater risk of violence, discrimination, psychological distress, sexual assault, substance abuse, poverty, and HIV/STDs.
10
Howard, Claire Louise. "SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) in the retinal pigment epithelium and ocular basement membranes of the ageing eye." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540052.
11
Tran, Thi Phuong Thao. "Développement de biocomposites à base de Poly(Acide Lactique) et de balles céréalières : vieillissement des biocomposites et traitement de surface des balles." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20203/document.
Анотація:
Les balles de céréales, à savoir l'enveloppe autour du grain, ont récemment retenu l'attention des scientifiques afin d'entrer dans la formulation de biocomposites. En effet, ces sous-produits de l'agriculture ont un coût négligeable, sont perpétuellement renouvelables et disponibles en volume important dans le Monde et leur fin de vie est assurée par leur biodégradabilité. Leurs compositions chimiques et leurs propriétés thermiques et mécaniques sont similaires à celles des fibres naturelles.Dans cette thèse, deux types de balles de riz et deux types de balles de Petit Epeautre ont été étudiées à travers leur microstructure, leur composition chimique, leurs propriétés mécaniques et thermiques. Les balles ont été incorporées dans une matrice bio-sourcée et biodégradable, à savoir le poly(acide lactique) (PLA) pour donner des biocomposites dont les propriétés d'usage ont été étudiées. Il apparaît que les balles céréalières peuvent devenir un candidat potentiel intéressant pour le renforcement du PLA moyennant une amélioration de l'adhésion à l'interface entre les balles et le PLA.Afin d'améliorer cette interface, les balles ont été traitées par une solution alcaline (NaOH) et par des agents de couplage de type organosilane (3-aminopropyltriéthoxysilane et 3- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane). Le traitement alcalin a permis de retirer une grande partie des hémicelluloses, de la lignine, de la cire et de la silice présentes dans les balles. La dissolution de ces constituants a provoqué une plus forte hygroscopicité des balles et se traduit par de plus faibles propriétés mécaniques des biocomposites. Le couplage traitement alcalin/traitement silane semble apporter une amélioration des performances plus importantes que le traitement silane seul. Ce traitement de surface a davantage d'impact sur la balle de Petit Epeautre que sur la balle de riz.L'évolution des propriétés d'usage des biocomposites à base de balles de riz au cours de différents vieillissements (thermique, hydro-thermique, cyclages hygro-thermiques, UV) a été étudiée. Les résultats montrent que l'évolution microstructurale induite par les vieillissements influence significativement les propriétés des biocomposites. La dégradation des biocomposites se traduit par une diminution de la masse moléculaire moyenne du PLA. La réorganisation de ces macromolécules augmente sensiblement le taux de cristallinité du matériau. Ceci induit un changement de la couleur, de la stabilité dimensionnelle des pièces et des propriétés mécaniques du PLA et des biocomposites qui dépend essentiellement de la température de vieillissement par rapport à la température de transition vitreuse du PLA. Il apparaît que l'ajout de balles accélère la dégradation du PLA. Dans le cas d'un vieillissement hydro-thermique au-dessus de la température de transition vitreuse du PLA, une réduction de cette dégradation a été mise en évidence par l'utilisation de certains traitements de surface des ballesThe cereal husks, namely the envelope around the grain, have recently attracted the attention of scientists for biocomposites development, because they are low-cost, renewable, biodegradable, and available in abundant volume throughout the world. Their chemical composition and their thermal and mechanical properties are similar to the natural fibers.In this work, two types of rice husk and two types of Einkorn wheat husk were studied through their microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical and thermal properties. The husks have been incorporated into a bio-sourced and biodegradable matrix, namely poly (lactic acid) (PLA) to produce biocomposite which functional properties were studied. It appears that the husks can be good candidates for strengthening the PLA through improved adhesion at the interface between the husks and the PLA.To improve the husks/PLA interface, the husks were treated with an alkaline solution (NaOH) and organosilane coupling agents, such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3 - glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The alkaline treatment has removed much of hemicelluloses, lignin, wax and silica present in the husks. The dissolution of these components resulted in a higher hygroscopicity of husks and lower mechanical properties of biocomposites. The coupling between an alkaline treatment and a silane treatment seems to provide better properties than the silane treatment alone. This surface treatment has a greater impact on the Einkorn wheat husks than on rice husksThe variations of the functional properties of rice husks based biocomposites during different ageings (thermal ageing, hydro-thermal ageing, hygro-thermal cycled ageing, UV ageing) was studied. The results show that the microstructural changes induced by ageing significantly influence the properties of biocomposites. Biocomposites degradation results in a decrease of the average molecular weight of PLA. The reorganization of these macromolecules significantly increases the degree of crystallinity of the material. This causes a change in color, dimensional stability of devices and mechanical properties of PLA and biocomposites which essentially depends on the ageing temperature regards to the glass transition temperature of PLA. It appears that the addition of husks accelerates the degradation of PLA. In the case of a hydro-thermal ageing performed above the glass transition temperature of the PLA, a reduction of this degradation was demonstrated by the use of specific surface treatments of husks
12
Lambert, Delphine. "Influence d’un régime riche en graisses sur un modèle de vieillissement « accéléré » : étude de la fonction et de la morphologie cardiaque, la fonction artérielle, le métabolisme et l’inflammation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0266/document.
Анотація:
L’obésité et le surpoids ont été décrits comme une pandémie. L’obésité et le vieillissement vont conduire à des complications cardiovasculaires. De plus, l’obésité favoriserait un vieillissement cardiaque prématuré chez les adultes jeunes. L’hypothèse de ce travail est qu’un régime riche en graisses, démarré avant l’âge adulte, poursuivi sur une longue durée, pourrait entraîner un vieillissement « accéléré » cardiovasculaire et métabolique. Nous avons démontré, dans un modèle murin vieillissant, qu’un régime riche en graisses conduit à des troubles métaboliques ainsi qu’à une augmentation de la masse grasse et à une détérioration du métabolisme au niveau du tissu adipeux blanc. Ces troubles sont associés à des altérations au niveau cardiaque, malgré l’absence de modifications de la pression artérielle et de la fréquence cardiaque. Le vieillissement, chez les souris obèses, va conduire à un remodelage du ventricule gauche accompagné par une dysfonction systolique. Au niveau tissulaire cardiaque, le vieillissement et le régime précoce conduisent à l’augmentation de l’expression de gènes de fibrose confirmant ainsi le phénotype hypertrophique. Le vieillissement associé à un régime riche en graisses précoce conduit également à une up-régulation de GDF11. GDF11 peut alors être considéré comme un marqueur de vieillissement cardiaque accéléré. Ces résultats peuvent suggérer des voies thérapeutiques ou préventives, où l’inhibition de GDF11 améliorerait le pronostic et la survie cardiovasculaire des sujets obèses. L’étude de ce modèle nous a ainsi permis de mettre en évidence qu’un régime riche en graisses conduit à un vieillissement accéléré au niveau cardiaqueObesity and being overweight have been described as a global pandemic. Both obesity and aging will lead to cardiovascular complications. In addition, it has been highlighted that obesity promotes premature cardiac aging in young adults. The hypothesis of this work is that a high fat diet begun before adulthood, pursued over a long period of time, could lead to “accelerated” cardiovascular and metabolic aging. We have demonstrated, in an aging mouse model, that an early high fat diet leads to metabolic disorders and to an increase in fat mass and a deterioration in metabolism of white adipose tissue. These disorders are associated with alterations in cardiac morphology and function, despite an absence of changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Ageing, in obese mice, leads to ventricular remodeling accompanied by systolic dysfunction. In cardiac tissue, aging and early diet lead to an increased expression of fibrosis genes confirming the hypertrophic phenotype. Aging associated with an early high fat diet led also to an up-regulation of GDF11. GDF11 may then be considered as a marker of accelerated cardiac aging. These results may suggest therapeutic or preventive pathways, where inhibition of GDF11 improves prognosis and survival in obese subjects with cardiovascular disease. The study of this model has allowed us to demonstrate that a high fat diet leads to accelerated aging at the level of the heart
13
Gatineau, Eva. "Impact d'un régime riche en saccharose sur la sarcopénie chez le rat âgé ; Conséqences métaboliques au niveau hépatique et cérébral. Effets préventifs d'un mélange de micronutriments. Spécialité." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF1MM14/document.
Анотація:
Au cours du vieillissement, l’organisme subit de nombreuses altérations, dont une perte de masse et de fonction musculaire appelée sarcopénie. Ses causes sont multifactorielles. Elle est partiellement liée à une altération de la stimulation de la synthèse protéique musculaire post-prandiale, et certains facteurs tels que le stress oxydant, l’inflammation et la résistance à l’insuline, responsables de nombreux dysfonctionnements métaboliques, accélèrent ce phénomène. Or, ces dérégulations peuvent être induites par une alimentation trop riche en sucres ajoutés, caractéristique des habitudes alimentaires actuelles et qui pourrait donc accélérer le vieillissement. Pourtant, à ce jour, peu d'études ont étudié les effets combinés du vieillissement et d'un régime riche en sucres ajoutés, et à notre connaissance, aucune ne s’est intéressée à la sarcopénie. Ainsi, notre objectif au cours de cette thèse a été de déterminer si un régime riche en sucres ajoutés était capable d'accélérer la sarcopénie. Il était également intéressant d'étudier les effets combinés du vieillissement et de ce régime sur d'autres tissus qui semblent particulièrement exposés, le foie, et le cerveau. Enfin, nous avons également voulu analyser les effets préventifs d'un mélange de micronutriments à la fois in vivo et in vitro. Pour cela, des rats âgés de 16 mois ont été nourris durant 5 mois avec un régime contrôle ou un régime composé à 62% de saccharose, supplémenté ou non en rutine, vitamine A, vitamine E, vitamine D, zinc, et sélénium. En outre, nous avons également inclut un groupe de témoins adultes (8 mois), nourris avec un régime contrôle. Par ailleurs, les effets anti-inflammatoires des micronutriments ont été testés in vitro.Nous avons pu constater que le régime riche en saccharose a accéléré la perte de masse musculaire liée à l’âge en altérant la synthèse protéique musculaire post prandiale, vraisemblablement via l’altération de la sensibilité à l’insuline plutôt que par une augmentation du stress oxydant et de l'inflammation, qui ont été peu affectés par le régime. Il a également entraîné un gain de masse grasse et une augmentation marquée des triglycérides hépatiques et plasmatiques, qui pourraient en partie s’expliquer par une modification de l’activité des enzymes du métabolisme lipidique dans le foie. Au niveau cérébral, la surconsommation de fructose a entraîné une diminution de la concentration protéique qui ne semble pas due à un défaut de synthèse protéique. La supplémentation en micronutriments n’a que partiellement contrecarré les effets du saccharose puisqu’elle n’a pas eu d’effet sur la masse maigre mais a permis de limiter la prise de masse grasse, notamment en inhibant la lipogenèse hépatique. Elle a également restauré la synthèse protéique diminuée au cours du vieillissement dans le cerveau. In vitro, elle a permis de réduire l'inflammation induite expérimentalement.Ainsi, cette thèse a permis de montrer qu’un régime riche en sucres ajoutés accélère la sarcopénie chez le rat âgé mais entraîne également des altérations au niveau hépatique et cérébral. La prévention par les micronutriments testés reste malgré tout limitéeWith aging, several alterations occur, including a loss of muscle mass and function, called sarcopenia. Many factors are responsible for the development of sarcopenia, but some factors as inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance, which have many deleterious effects during aging, can reduce meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis which was shown to partly explain age-related muscle mass loss. Those factors can be induced by a diet rich in added sugar, characteristic of current dietary habits. Although this kind of diet could accelerate aging features, little is known about combined effect of aging and high sugar diet, particularly on sarcopenia. Thus, the purpose of this work was to determine whether high chronic intake of added sugars could accelerate sarcopenia. We also interested in the combined effect of added sugars and aging on other exposed tissues: liver and brain. Finally, we assessed the preventive effects of a micronutrient supplementation both in vivo and in vitro.In order to do that, for 5 months, 16 month old rats were starch fed or sucrose fed (62% sucrose), with or without micronutrients supplementation (rutin, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D, selenium and zinc). Additionally, an adult control group of 8 month old rats was included. Besides, anti-inflammatory effects of micronutrients were tested in vitro.We showed that high sucrose diet accelerated age-related muscle mass loss by impairing postprandial protein synthesis, likely through decreased insulin sensitivity since inflammation and oxidative stress were only slightly affected by high sucrose diet. This diet also resulted in fat mass gain and increased plasma and liver triglycerides, by modulating the activity of enzymes involved in liver lipid metabolism. In the brain, high sucrose consumption led to decreased protein concentration independently of protein synthesis alteration. Micronutrients supplementation only partially reversed high sucrose diet effects: it did not act on lean body mass but prevented fat mass gain, by inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis. It also restored brain protein synthesis, which was reduced by aging. In vitro, it reduced experimentally induced inflammation.Thus, this work showed that a high sucrose diet accelerates sarcopenia in old rats but also induces liver and brain alterations. Prevention by micronutrients remained limited
14
Felipe, Renata Carla Tavares Santos. "Envelhecimento ambiental acelerado em PRF a base de tecidos h?bridos kevlar/vidro: propriedades e instabilidade estrutural." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15592.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2012-09-14There are a number of damaging mechanisms that various materials can suffer in service. However, when working with polymer composite materials, this is something that requires analysis, especially when exposed to adverse environmental conditions. Thus, the objective of the present thesis is the study of the direct influence of environmental aging and the form of hybridization of the reinforcement woven on the structural stability, surfacedegradation and fracture process of polymer composites laminates. For this, the development of two polymer composite laminates was necessary, where one of them was reinforced with a bi-directional woven with hybrid strandsofkevlar-49/glass-Efibers, and the other also with a bi-directionalwoven, however with weft and warpformed of alternating strandsof Kevlar-49 fibers and glass-E fiber The reinforcementwoven are industrially manufactured. Both laminates use a polyester resin as a matrixand are made up of four layers each. All laminates were industrially prepared by the hand lay-up method of manufacturing. To do this, test specimens were manufactured of the respective laminates and submitted to environmental aging accelerated through the aging chamber. They were exposed to alternating cycles of UV radiation and moisture (heated steam) for a standard defined period. At the end of the exposure period the specimens were subjected to mechanical tests of uniaxial tensile and bending in three points and to the characterizationsof the fracture and surface deterioration. In addition, they were submitted to a structural degradation assessment by the measurement of mass variation technique (MMVT) and the measurement of thickness variation technique (MTVT), this last technique being developed in this thesis. At the end of the analysis it was observed that the form of hybridization of the reinforcement woven and the aging process directly influence with losses or gain in mechanical properties, with losses in the structural degradation and in the formation and propagation of damage mechanism of the developedcomposite laminates
S?o v?rios os mecanismos de danos que os diversos materiais podem sofrer em servi?o. No entanto, ao se trabalhar com os materiais comp?sitos polim?ricos isso ? algo que necessita de an?lises principalmente quando expostos a condi??es ambientais adversas. Logo, a respectiva tese objetiva o estudo da influ?ncia direta do envelhecimento ambiental e da forma de hibridiza??o dos tecidos de refor?o no comportamento mec?nico, degrada??o estrutural (dimensional e de massa) de laminados comp?sitos polim?ricos. Para tanto se fez necess?rio o desenvolvimento de dois laminados comp?sitos polim?ricos, onde um deles ? refor?ado com um tecido bidirecional com mecha h?brida de fibras de kevlar-49/vidro-E e o outro com um tecido tamb?m bidirecional, por?m com trama e urdume formadas com mechas alternadas de fibras kevlar-49 e fibras de vidro-E. Os tecidos de refor?o s?o de fabrica??o industrial. Ambos os laminados utilizam como matriz a resina de poli?ster, sendo constitu?dos de quatro camadas cada. Todos os laminados foram confeccionados industrialmente pelo m?todo de fabrica??o handlay-up. Desta forma, foram fabricados corpos de provas (CP s) dos respectivos laminados e submetidos ao envelhecimento ambiental acelerado atrav?s da c?mara de envelhecimento. Os mesmos foram expostos aos ciclos alternados de radia??o UV e umidade (vapor aquecido) por um per?odo definido em norma. Ao t?rmino do per?odo de exposi??o os CP s foram submetidos aos ensaios mec?nicos de tra??o uniaxial e flex?o em tr?s pontos e ?s caracteriza??es da fratura e da deteriora??o superficial. Al?m disso, foram submetidos ? avalia??o da degrada??o estrutural mediante a t?cnica de media??o de varia??o de massa (TMVM) e a t?cnica de medi??o de varia??o de espessura (TMVE), sendo essa ?ltima desenvolvida nesta tese. Ao t?rmino das an?lises foi observado que a forma de hibridiza??o dos tecidos de refor?o e o processo de envelhecimento influenciam diretamente, seja com perdas ou ganho naspropriedades mec?nicas, com perdas na degrada??o estrutural e na forma??o e propaga??o do mecanismo de dano dos laminados comp?sitos desenvolvidos
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Felipe, Raimundo Nonato Barbosa. "Efeitos da radia??o uv, temperatura e vapor aquecido nos comp?sitos polim?ricos: monitoramento, instabilidade estrutural e fratura." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15594.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2012-09-28The application of composite materials and in particular the fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) has gradually conquered space from the so called conventional materials. However, challenges have arisen when their application occurs in equipment and mechanical structures which will be exposed to harsh environmental conditions, especially when there is the influence of environmental degradation due to temperature, UV radiation and moisture in the mechanical performance of these structures, causing irreversible structural damage such as loss of dimensional stability, interfacial degradation, loss of mass, loss of structural properties and changes in the damage mechanism. In this context, the objective of this thesis is the development of a process for monitoring and modeling structural degradation, and the study of the physical and mechanical properties in FRP when in the presence of adverse environmental conditions (ageing). The mechanism of ageing is characterized by controlled environmental conditions of heated steam and ultraviolet radiation. For the research, it was necessary to develop three polymer composites. The first was a lamina of polyester resin reinforced with a short glass-E fiber mat (representing the layer exposed to ageing), and the other two were laminates, both of seven layers of reinforcement, one being made up only of short fibers of glass-E, and the other a hybrid type reinforced with fibers of glass-E/ fibers of curaua. It should be noted that the two laminates have the lamina of short glass-E fibers as a layer of the ageing process incidence. The specimens were removed from the composites mentioned and submitted to environmental ageing accelerated by an ageing chamber. To study the monitoring and modeling of degradation, the ageing cycles to which the lamina was exposed were: alternating cycles of UV radiation and heated steam, a cycle only of UV radiation and a cycle only of heated steam, for a period defined by norm. The laminates have already undergone only the alternating cycle of UV and heated steam. At the end of the exposure period the specimens were subjected to a structural stability assessment by means of the developed measurement of thickness variation technique (MTVT) and the measurement of mass variation technique (MMVT). Then they were subjected to the mechanical tests of uniaxial tension for the lamina and all the laminates, besides the bending test on three points for the laminates. This study was followed by characterization of the fracture and the surface degradation. Finally, a model was developed for the composites called Ageing Zone Diagram (AZD) for monitoring and predicting the tensile strength after the ageing processes. From the results it was observed that the process of degradation occurs Abstract Raimundo Nonato Barbosa Felipe xiv differently for each composite studied, although all were affected in certain way and that the most aggressive ageing process was that of UV radiation, and that the hybrid laminated fibers of glass-E/curaua composite was most affected in its mechanical properties
A aplica??o dos materiais comp?sitos e em particular os pl?sticos refor?ados por fibras (PRF) tem conquistado espa?o, gradativamente, dos materiais ditos convencionais, por?m desafios t?m sido colocados quando sua aplica??o ocorre em equipamentos e estruturas mec?nicas que ficar?o expostos a condi??es ambientais adversas, principalmente quando se tem a influ?ncia da degrada??o ambiental do tipo temperatura, radia??o UV e umidade, no desempenho mec?nico dessas estruturas, ocasionando danos estruturais irrevers?veis tais como: perda de estabilidade dimensional, degrada??o interfacial, perda de massa, perda das propriedades estruturais e altera??es no mecanismo de dano. Neste contexto a presente tese tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um processo de monitoramento e modelagem da degrada??o estrutural, e o estudo das propriedades f?sicas e mec?nicas, em PRF quando em presen?a de condi??es ambientais adversas (envelhecimento). O mecanismo de envelhecimento ? caracterizado por condi??es ambientais controladas de vapor aquecido e de radia??o ultravioleta. Para a pesquisa foi desenvolvido tr?s comp?sitos polim?ricos, o primeiro uma l?mina de resina poli?ster refor?ado com manta de fibras curtas de vidro-E (representando a camada exposta ao envelhecimento) e dois laminados, ambos de sete camadas de refor?o, sendo um constitu?do s? com manta de fibras curtas de vidro-E, e o outro do tipo h?brido refor?ado com fibras de vidro-E/fibras de curau?. Ressalta-se que os dois laminados t?m a l?mina de fibras curtas de vidro-E como camada de incid?ncia do processo de envelhecimento. Os corpos de provas (CP s) foram retirados dos comp?sitos citados e submetidos ao envelhecimento ambiental acelerado atrav?s da c?mara de envelhecimento. Para o estudo do monitoramento e modelagem da degrada??o, os ciclos de envelhecimento a que foram expostos ? l?mina foram: ciclos alternados de radia??o UV e vapor aquecido, ciclo somente de radia??o UV e o ciclo somente de vapor aquecido, por um per?odo definido em norma. J? os laminados foram submetidos a apenas ao ciclo alternado de UV e vapor aquecido. Ao t?rmino do per?odo de exposi??o os CP s foram submetidos ? avalia??o da estabilidade estrutural mediante a t?cnica desenvolvida de medi??o de varia??o de espessura (TMVE) e a t?cnica de media??o de varia??o de massa (TMVM). Em seguida os mesmos foram submetidos aos ensaios mec?nicos de tra??o uniaxial para a l?mina e todos os laminados, al?m do ensaio de flex?o em tr?s pontos para os laminados. Esse estudo foi seguido da caracteriza??o da fratura e da degrada??o superficial. Por fim, foi desenvolvido um modelo para os Resumo Raimundo Nonato Barbosa Felipe xii comp?sitos denominado de Diagrama da Zona de Envelhecimento (DZE) para o monitoramento e predi??o da resist?ncia mec?nica ? tra??o ap?s os processos de envelhecimento. Ao t?rmino das an?lises foi observado que o processo de degrada??o se d? de forma diferente para cada comp?sito pesquisado, no entanto todos foram afetados, o processo de envelhecimento mais agressivo foi o de radia??o UV, e que o comp?sito que foi mais afetado em suas propriedades mec?nicas foi o laminado h?brido de fibras de vidro-E/curau?
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Rabassa, Bonet Montserrat. "Efecte de la ingesta de dietes riques en polifenols sobre l’envelliment. Associacions amb el deteriorament físic i cognitiu, fragilitat i mortalitat total en l'estudi InCHIANTI = Effect of polyphenol-rich diet intake on aging. Association with physical and cognitive decline, frailty and total mortality within the InCHIANTI cohort." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/359655.
Анотація:
El continu envelliment de la població suposa un repte per a les polítiques de salut, ja que es pretén que aquest augment de la longevitat no impliqui una menor qualitat de vida en els darrers anys. Per aquest motiu, sorgeix la necessitat d’estudiar els indicadors d’estat de salut, per poder recomanar hàbits saludables a la població i així prevenir els efectes negatius en l’envelliment. En estudis recents, s’ha observat que l’adherència d’un patró d’alimentació mediterrània s’associa amb diverses millores de l’estat de salut de la població. Aquest patró es caracteritza per un elevat consum d’aliments com fruites, verdures i els seus derivats, els quals són rics en polifenols. Darrerament, la quantitat d’estudis experimentals sobre el paper protector dels polifenols en l’envelliment s’ha incrementat exponencialment, tot i que l’evidència aportada per estudis epidemiològics encara és molt limitada. Habitualment, en epidemiologia nutricional s’estima la ingesta de polifenols mitjançant enquestes alimentàries. L’ús de biomarcadors cada cop és més freqüent i permet que l’estimació de l’exposició sigui més precisa, robusta i sobretot més objectiva. Aquesta Tesi Doctoral té com a objectiu estudiar l’efecte del consum de dietes riques en polifenols en la prevenció del deteriorament físic i cognitiu, la fragilitat i la mortalitat total entre la població italiana major de 65 anys de l’estudi InCHIANTI, un estudi de cohort amb 12 anys de seguiment. En aquest, s’han estimat la ingesta dietètica de polifenols totals i resveratrol mitjançant un qüestionari de freqüència de consum d’aliments prèviament validat i la creació d’una base de dades pròpia de composició d’aliments, a partir de les bases de dades de composició en polifenols actualment disponibles com són la del USDA i Phenol-Explorer. La ingesta de polifenols totals i resveratrol fou de 555.2 mg/d i 0.5 mg/d, respectivament. El cafè, les pomes, el vi negre, el té i les taronges foren les fonts alimentàries més importants de polifenols totals. A més, el vi negre fou la font principal de resveratrol. També, s’ha estudiat la presència d’aquests compostos bioactius en orina, com a reflexa de la seva biodisponibilitat en humans. En concret, la concentració en orina de polifenols totals utilitzant el mètode colorimètric Folin-Ciocalteu, i resveratrol usant un mètode basat en la detecció per espectrometria de masses, com a biomarcadors de la ingesta de polifenols totals i resveratrol, respectivament. Els resultats obtinguts han mostrat que la quantificació urinària dels polifenols totals considerant el volum total d’orina 24h és preferible a la orina puntual normalitzada per creatinina, donat què està influïda per la funció renal, on la seva prevalença es alta en la població estudiada. Comparant els tercils extrems d’excreció de polifenols totals urinaris, es van evidenciar associacions inverses amb el risc de deteriorament cognitiu i físic, fragilitat i mortalitat total. No obstant, no es va observar cap associació amb els polifenols totals dietètics. Donats aquests resultats, observem necessari considerar el biomarcador urinari per a la valoració del consum de polifenols totals en la salut. En el cas del resveratrol, s’ha proposat per primera vegada la combinació del qüestionari dietètic i biomarcador urinari mitjançant un score, el qual ha permès estimar de forma més exacta i precisa l’exposició dietètica habitual d’aquest. Els participants del tercil de consum més alt van presentar un menor risc de desenvolupar fragilitat durant els primers tres anys de seguiment, en comparació amb el tercil més baix. A més, s’ha demostrat que els paràmetres inflamatoris no actuen com a mediadors. En conclusió, aquests resultats basats en l’estudi InCHIANTI aporten evidència sobre l’efecte d’una dieta rica en polifenols en la protecció enfront el deteriorament físic i cognitiu, la fragilitat i la mortalitat total en les persones grans.The aim of this PhD thesis is to investigate if the intake of rich diets in polyphenols may have a protective effect in the prevention of physical and cognitive decline, frailty and total mortality among the participants aged 65 years or more within the InCHIANTI study, an Italian cohort study with 12 years of follow-up. To achieve this goal, the dietary intake of total polyphenols and resveratrol was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire and an ad hoc database of food composition on polyphenols, created from the two only databases available in the literature: USDA and Phenol-Explorer databases. The intake of total polyphenols and resveratrol was 555.2 mg/d and 0.5 mg/d, respectively. Coffee, apples, red wine and oranges were the most important food sources of total polyphenols. In addition, red wine was the main dietary source of resveratrol. Also, we studied the presence of these bioactive compounds in urine as a reflection of their bioavailability in humans. In particular, the urinary concentration of total polyphenols and resveratrol was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric and mass spectrometry methods, as biomarkers of the dietary of total polyphenols and resveratrol, respectively. Results showed that the total urinary polyphenols expressed by 24-h volume is a better biomarker of total dietary polyphenol than by urinary creatinine normalization. The highest tertile of total urinary polyphenols was inversely associated with the risk of cognitive and physical decline, frailty and total mortality, in comparison with the lowest tertile. However, no association with total dietary polyphenols was observed. Additionally, habitual dietary exposure of resveratrol was associated with a lower risk of developing frailty over a follow-up of three years by a combination of both measures (diet and biomarker), as well as, individually. In conclusion, the results of this PhD thesis suggest a protective effect of polyphenol-rich diet, using a biomarker of total dietary polyphenols (the total urinary polyphenols expressed by 24-h urine), against cognitive and physical decline, frailty and all-cause mortality in older persons. In addition, it demonstrates the importance of assessing dietary polyphenol exposure, whenever is possible using nutritional biomarkers and not only using self-reported questionnaires.
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Baron, Stéphanie. "Insulino-résistance et vieillissement cardiovasculaire : un traitement chronique par le resvératrol peut-il les améliorer ?" Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002731.
Анотація:
Le vieillissement de la population est le résultat de l'amélioration de la prise en charge des individus, en particulier des sujets âgés, conduisant à l'apparition d'une nouvelle catégorie démographique, le quatrième âge avec les plus de 75 ans. Cette population polypathologique présente de nombreuses spécificités, avec entre autres, une intolérance au glucose, un état de dénutrition et une altération des fonctions cardiovasculaires, les maladies cardiovasculaires restant la première cause de mortalité dans cette tranche d'âge. Comme évoqué dès les années 50 par Harman, le stress oxydant pourrait jouer un rôle important dans l'ensemble de ces comorbidités. Le resvératrol, un polyphénol anti-oxydant connu pour ses biens-faits cardiovasculaires pourrait ainsi être une molécule d'intérêt dans ce contexte. Nos objectifs dans ce travail ont donc été d'évaluer les effets d'un traitement chronique par le resvératrol accompagné ou non d'une prise en charge nutritionnelle chez la souris très âgée. Ces effets du resvératrol ont été étudiés aussi bien sur le plan métabolique que sur le phénotype cardiovasculaire. Nos résultats montrent qu'un régime riche en protéines et pauvre en glucides a des effets variables en fonction de l'âge. Sans effet sur la souris jeune, il devient délétère chez la souris adulte et très âgée avec une majoration de l'altération de l'homéostasie glucidique associée à une détérioration du bilan lipidique. Ces dysrégulations métaboliques ont pour conséquence une dégradation accrue des fonctions artérielles et cardiaques. Chez la souris très âgée, un traitement par le resvératrol amplifie les dommages liés à ce régime en accentuant les altérations métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, soulignant, et ce pour la première fois, de potentiels effets délétères du resvératrol dans le cadre du vieillissement. En revanche, chez la souris âgée dénutrie en l'absence de prise en charge nutritionnelle, le resvératrol présente des effets bénéfiques avec une amélioration de l'insulino-sensibilité et des fonctions artérielles, associée à une modification d'expression de TXNIP, protéine à l'interface de la régulation de l'homéostasie du glucose et de la balance oxydative, faisant d'elle une piste à explorer tant pour expliquer certains mécanismes impliqués dans le vieillissement que dans les effets du resvératrol.
18
Chen, Sheng-Long, and 陳勝龍. "The relationship between protein oxidation and seed aging in rice." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13771192704902485912.
Анотація:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學研究所
86
Several oxidative systems could generate reactive oxygen species and c atalyze protein oxidation in living organisms. After oxidative modification,ta rget proteins change their characters and become less active or highly sensiti veto proteolytic degradation. Levels of protein oxidation increase in size dur ing aging and in various pathological state. In order to test age-related prot einoxidation model is valid in plant, change of seed storage proteins status w as investigated during seed aging. The results are summarized as follows：1.Le vels of protein oxidative status could be detected by carbonyl reagents--- DN PH, FL-NHNH2, FLAD-NHNH2.2.BSA, G-6-PDH, and rice storage protein albumins, gl obulins, prolamins, and glutelins are oxidized by two metal-catalyzed oxidat ion systems ascorbate/ FeCl3 and FeSO4/FeCl3 in vitro. The accumulation of ox idized protein depends on the concentration of catalyzer and reaction time.Ca rbonyl contents in rice storage protein oxidized by MCO system in vitro are globulins(28 nmol/mg protein) >glutelins(22 nmol/mg protein)>albumins(14 nmol /mg protein)>prolamins(7~9 nmol/mg protein).3.Seed stored at ambient or 10℃ c ondition for more than six months resulted in a marked decline in germination and extarctable storage proteins. There was accompanied by an evident increa se in oxidized protein levels especially for albumin. Low temperature could r educe oxidized protein accumulation during storage.4.Intact seed, brown riec, milled rice, rice bran and milled rice flour stored at ambient or aging(45℃, 75% RH) condition for six months showed that storage proteins albumins,globu lins and glutelins were oxidized more rapidly in aging condition than ambien t. The speeds of protein oxidation were milled rice flour >rice bran>milled r ice>brown rice>intact seed.5.There are not any correlation between oxidized pr oteins and germination percentage in rice seeds druing storage.
19
Yen, Hsin Mu, and 顏信沐. "Physiological studies on seed aging of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87381643921290946280.
20
Lo, Yen-Yu, and 羅彦瑜. "Rice Spirits Brewing and Effects of Acceleration Aging on Its Quality." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10788328145771395724.
Анотація:
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
93
Rice-spirit plays a very important role in Chinese cooked food especially in Taiwan. Since the drinks market opens, the private breweries were established .The market competition were fierce. In this study, Taiwanese rice-spirit made by uncooked materials and effects of acceleration aging; Helps to shorten the making time and quality improvement are focused. The results obtained are as follow. 1. Starter A3 produced most reducing sugars just in two days. However, the result of reducing sugars production of other starters was far less then starter A3. 2. The ethanol concentration of starter A3 is 14% after 4 days. And the ethanol concentration of starter A1, A2, A5, A6 is getting increasing slowly. Starter A4 produced trace ethanol. This shows it is not suitable to be the starter of raw rice wine. 3. Ethanol concentration of rice-spirit decrease during treated by electrostatic field induced device and Ultrasonic machine. 4. Rice-spirit treated by electrostatic field induced device and Ultrasonic machine that major flavor components of are ethyl octanoate、ethyl nonanoate and ethyl caprate concentration higher than treated by nothing. 5. The sensory evaluation showed that rice-spirit treated by electrostatic field induced device and Ultrasonic machine having obvious improvement. Acceleration aging method of rice-spirit can shorten aging time and raise the quality.
21
Kuroyanagi, Toshiyuki. "Senescence of wheat and rice under three temperature regimes." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27478.
22
Yang, Siao-Han, and 楊曉涵. "Effects of aging time and ultrasonic treatment on the quality of coffee liqueur made of different rice cultivar wines as base." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kd4ezm.
Анотація:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
園藝學系碩士班
103
The present study used distilled rice wine from japonica (‘GS-145’, ‘TN-71’ , ‘TY-3’, ‘TG-9’, ‘TG-16’), indica (‘TC-10’), Glutinou (‘TC-70’) and indica Glutinou (‘TC-1’ , ‘TC-2’) rice as alcoholic base for making coffee liqueur. Medium roast coffee powder was immersed in distilled rice wine for 5 weeks. Aging of coffee liqueur was conducted by normal aging (0,30,60,90,120,150,180 days at 25℃) and microwave aging (0,2,4,6 hrs). n-Propylalcohol,butyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl lactate and 2-phenylethanol are main volatile compounds in rice wine. We found that indica ‘TC-10’ has the highest content of volatile material which was chosen as alcoholic base for making coffee liqueur. Butyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl lactate and furfuryl alcohol content in the coffee liqueur increased with the time of aging increased but 2-phenylethanol content decreased with the time of aging increased. n-Propylalcohol content increased at the beginning of aging then descended. Indica ‘TC-10’ with normal aging 180 days and microwave aging 6 hours showed the most acceptable flavor among all samples. The coffee liqueur made of indica ‘TC-10’ rice wine as alcoholic base has the lowest caffeine content. The caffeine content of coffee liqueur increased with the time of aging increased. The results show that ‘TY-3’ and ‘TG-10’ have the highest sensory scores of aroma and tast. Sensory quality of coffee liqueur increased with the time of aging increased, while ‘TG-10’ has the highest score. Microwave aging for 6 hours and normal aging for 180 days has similar volatile contents and sensory results. Microwave aging can replace normal aging to shorten the aging time.
23
Lai, Cheng-Hung, and 賴政宏. "Acceleration of Aging by High Voltage Electrostatic Field and Detection of Molasses Alcohol Adulteration by SNIF-NMR for Taiwanese Rice Spirits." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80897481266007058597.
Анотація:
博士大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
102
Taiwanese rice-spirits were treated by a designed adjustable parallel high-voltage electrostatic field (AP-HVEF) to investigate the acceleration effect on aging. On the other hand, the ratios of edible alcohol blended in rice spirits were detected by 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (SNIF-NMR) and isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Experiments were divided into three parts and the results obtained were as follows. 1. Part I: Three model spirits were prepared by individually adding acetic acid, caproic acid, and lactic acid with a concentration of 20,000 ppm in 50% edible alcohol. The concentrations ethyl acetate, ethyl caproate, and ethyl lactate in the model spirits set at room temperature for 20 hr increased from initial 66, 12, and 19 ppm to 601, 243, and 328 ppm, respectively. While contrast to the control, the three esters increased 23.8%, 26.3%, 25.9% (600 kV/m) and 31.1%, 33.7%, 32.6% (900 kV/m) for that of treated by AP-HVEF. Unfortunately, extending treatment time to 20 days, the increase rate lowered to 17.1%, 7.8%, and 5.3%, respectively, for that of 900 kV/m. No obvious effect was shown for treatments of 300 kV/m and 600 kV/m. This indicated that time is probably primary factor on aging of spirit. 2. Part II: The aging effect of AP-HVEF on rice spirits blended with 1,000 ppm acetic acid and lactic acid was investigated. Ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate naturally increased to 57 and 23 ppm from initial 41 and 8 ppm for 40% rice spirits. Both esters increased due to AP-HVEF treatment with increasing field strength or extending time. Rice spirits treated at 900 kV/m for 7 days, showed 101 ppm ethyl acetate and 50 ppm ethyl lactate, while from initial 58 and 10 ppm to 163 and 132 ppm, respectively, for that of blended with acids. According to sensory test, the panel thought that AP-HVEF treatment at 900 kV/m obviously affected quality of rice spirits. 3. Part III: Five pure rice spirits labeled as TK-8, TK-9, TCS-10, TN-11 and TN 71 were made from rice varieties. Imitate rice spirits were made by adulterating molasses-spirit (MS) with various ratios to pure rice spirits. SNIF-NMR and IRMS were used to detect the added ratios. Significant difference in (D/H)I for SNIF-NMR index was observed. The (D/H)I linearly (R2 > 0.96) increased with addition of MS in TK-8, TK-9, TCS-10, TN-11 and TN-71. Test results demonstrated that TN-71 shows sensitive detectable limit which mixed molasses-spirit in rice-spirits is 3.62 %, and TK-8, TK-9, TCS-10 and TN-11 were shown the ranging from 8.20 to 11.73 %. Of the IRMS indices, TK-8, TK-9, TCS-10, TN-11 and TN-71.shown the 13C/12C ratio, δ13C = -27.4 to -28.9‰, and MS δ13C = -11.2‰. Though 13C/12C ratios increased with adding MS, it was not available as the index to distinguish how much MS is adulterated as SNIF-NMR analysis due to the low correlation of them.
24
HSU, SHIH-PEI, and 徐詩佩. "The Relationship between Senior Citizens’ Demographic Variables and Successful Aging: a Case Study of the Old Farmers Planting Rice in Chishang Township." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ebku7h.
Анотація:
碩士弘光科技大學
老人福利與長期照顧事業研究所
107
ABSTRACT Rice is the main grain Taiwanese eat, and Chishang Rice is nationally well-known. Chishang is a place of warm hospitality and suitable for retirement life. Growing old is the path everyone must go through, and the aged society has dawned on us in Taiwan. How to achieve in a successful aging stage is the issue we all must pay attention to. In past literature there were no records of relations of elder farmers participating in growing Chishang Rice and successful aging. The researcher is a Chishang local, and that is the reason for the initial interest of this research. This research aims to: 1. explore the current situation of elder farmers participating in rice planting and farming activities of Chishang Rice; 2. analyzing the degree of successful aging of elder farmers who participated in the rice planting; 3. exploring the key factors affecting the successful ageing in terms of the participation of Chishang Rice planting. This study takes elder farmers over 65 years old planting Chishang Rice in Chishang Township as research subjects. The research utilized survey research method and received 117 valid questionnaires. It then chose the purposive sampling method to study the correlation between different population variables and the participation of farming in successful aging. The statistical methods include narrative statistics, independent sample t-test, and single-factor variance analysis. The research results are: 1. the old farmers are mainly male, and participate in farming activities every day in order to increase the source of family income. 2. Living and working in the town of rice allows the elder farmers to find self-esteem and achieve the current status of successful aging. 3. There is a negative correlation between the "residence status" and the successful aging in the population change of the old farmers growing Chishang Rice. Key Words: agriculture, successful aging, older farmers
25
Tsai, Tsung-Jung, and 蔡宗容. "Aging Effect on Multi-step Transformation Behavior in Ni-rich TiNi shape memory alloys." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02604647652182029594.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
材料科學與工程學研究所
95
Ti49.2Ni50.8 and Ti48.7Ni51.3 shape memory alloys (SMAs) melt, homogenized and aged without any hot/cold rolling have grain size >50μm. The distribution of Ti3Ni4 precipitates directly affects the transformation behavior of these alloys. After 350℃ and 400℃ aging, Ti49.2Ni50.8 shows a normal three-step transformation. At 450℃×6hr, the nucleation rate of Ti3Ni4 is so high that the supersaturated Ni atoms in the grain center can not diffuse such long distance to grain boundaries and thus, there are three distinct regions resulted in the grain, i.e., regions I, II and III. Four-step transformation of B2Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ→RⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, RⅠ,Ⅲ→B19’Ⅰ,Ⅲ, B2→B19’(no ppt) and RⅡ→B19’Ⅱ is induced from these regions. Experiment results show that the aging temperature decides the diffusion rate of Ni atoms, the growth rate and the distribution of Ti3Ni4 precipitates in the grain. The Ti3Ni4 precipitation rate has its maximum at around 450℃ aging, but can hardly be observed at 350℃ and 650℃ aging. According to SEM observations, after longer aging time, the precipitates distribute more homogeneously in the grain and the multi-step transformation no longer exists. For Ti48.7Ni51.3 alloys, its higher Ni supersaturation causes the Ti3Ni4 nucleation having higher driving force and causes the precipitation rates being almost the same at grain boundaries and grain interior. This feature results in a simple B2→R→B19’ two-step transformation in aged Ti48.7Ni51.3 SMA. The multi-step transformation behavior of Ti49Ni41Cu10 SMA is also investigated in this study.
26
"4D Microstructural Characterization of Electromigration and Thermal Aging Damage in Tin-Rich Solder Joints." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.54978.
Анотація:
abstract: As the microelectronics industry continues to decrease the size of solder joints, each joint will have to carry a greater current density, making atom diffusion due to current flow, electromigration (EM), a problem of ever-increasing severity. The rate of EM damage depends on current density, operating temperature, and the original microstructure of the solder joint, including void volume, grain orientation, and grain size. While numerous studies have investigated the post-mortem effects of EM and have tested a range of current densities and temperatures, none have been able to analyze how the same joint evolves from its initial to final microstructure. This thesis focuses on the study of EM, thermal aging, and thermal cycling in Sn-rich solder joints. Solder joints were either of controlled microstructure and orientation or had trace alloying element additions. Sn grain orientation has been linked to a solder joints’ susceptibility to EM damage, but the precise relationship between orientation and intermetallic (IMC) and void growth has not been deduced. In this research x-ray microtomography was used to nondestructively scan samples and generate 3D reconstructions of both surface and internal features such as interfaces, IMC particles, and voids within a solder joint. Combined with controlled fabrication techniques to create comparable samples and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis for grain orientation and composition analysis, this work shows how grain structure plays a critical role in EM damage and how it differs from damage accrued from thermal effects that occur simultaneously. Unique IMC growth and voiding behaviors are characterized and explained in relation to the solder microstructures that cause their formation and the possible IMC-suppression effects of trace alloying element addition are discussed.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Materials Science and Engineering 2019
27
Wu, Yi-Zhen, and 吳翊禎. "The Changes of the Rich-Club Organization in Brain White Matter Networks in Normal Aging." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22906319230071598592.
Анотація:
碩士國立陽明大學
腦科學研究所
104
Population aging is growing worldwide, and the related studies become more and more important. The physiological and cognitive functions usually decline with normal aging. The white matter (WM) degeneration with aging may affect the functional integration of brain connectivity and lead to cognitive alteration. Studies using diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and network analysis have demonstrated the rich-club organization as a core-subnetwork for communication in brain WM network, characterized by densely connecting hubs. However, the topological properties of rich-club organization may depend on the choice of parcellation for gray matter including the resolution and different method (volume-base or surface-base) of parcellation. Moreover, the connectivity changes in the rich-club organization of WM network during aging remains largely unknown. In this thesis, we proposed a random parcellation to build a high resolution brain network which provide more detail information of fiber connections and cortical structure. We further applied this parcellation to study the alteration of rich-club organization in elderly. The studies in this thesis is twofold. In the first part, we proposed a surface-based random parcellation for anatomical network re-construction to examine the rich-club structures and tested the robustness of the rich-club organization. The MR data were acquired from ten healthy adults (age: 25 ± 4 years) who underwent MR scan twice within two weeks. The cortical parcellation was performed by a region growing-based algorithm for the cortical surface 100 times randomly to subdivide a predefined atlas to 480~500 regions once a time. To assess the topology of the brain network, we re-constructed the whole brain WM network with the constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) tractography and calculated the rich-club coefficient for individual subject to define the rich-club organization. We overlapped the rich-club regions for 100 networks to evaluate the regions involved in the rich-club organization across random-parcellations. For quantification, the averaged intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between two session was calculated to access the reproducibility. The second part is to explore the rich-club organization changes in elderly by using the random parcellation to reconstruct brain network. Diffusion and T1-weighted imaging data from five hundred sixty-seven healthy elderly (aged from 51 to 88) were recruited. We re-constructed the whole brain WM network with the constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) tractography, and calculated individual rich-club coefficient and its area under curve (AUC) as a presentation of connectivity of rich-club organization. Moreover, to study the intra-/inter- connectivity of rich-club organization, we classified connections to three different categories including rich-club (RC), feeder (FC) and local (LC) connections. We calculated the mean strength in each type of connections for each threshold k and the area under curve of resulting strength curve as a quantification of connectivity strength. We performed the Pearson’s correlation to analyze the relationship between the connectivity and the strength of WM network with age and physiological scores. The results of first part showed that the ICC between two session is 0.75, indicating mid to excellent reproducibility. The regions involved in rich-club organization are consistent between two session, including transverse temporal cortex, insula and precuneus. The results of second part showed that global metrics of strength and density of whole brain connections were decreased with age. The area under curve of the strength curve in three types of connection were significantly negative correlated with age, especially the local connection (LC). However, the AUC of rich-club coefficient correlated positively with age, indicating that the connectivity in rich-club organization stay stable during aging. The AUC of both normalized rich-club coefficient and strength curve showed no significant correlation with cognitive scores except Taiwan Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS). There were significantly positive correlations between TGDS score and both the AUC of strength curve of rich-club connection and feeder connection. In addition, the AUC of both normalized rich-club coefficient and strength curve exhibited significantly negative correlation with physical indices including weight, height and muscle strength indices. These results suggest that the alteration of rich-club connection due to white matter loss may indirectly affect the body states in elderly. In summary, the rich-club organization showed relatively high reproducibility using surface-base random parcellation. During normal aging, the rich-club organization may stay robust and unchanged, but the strength of connections declined at the local connections, indicating the structural degeneration may occur disproportionally in different location of brain. Moreover, the changes of connections in rich-club were not associated with cognition but body-related indices. The cognition of the elderly may not be affected due to the preserved architecture of the core regions, but the decreasing of connections may indirectly affect the physical states. However, the different factors and mechanism involving in the alteration of the body states in aging needs to be addressed. The mechanism of how strength between the rich-club regions affect body and behavioral states needs to be further studied. These results provide the alteration of the connections between important regions during aging as a reference to study the changes of structural network during late life-span or in the aged-related diseases.
28
Barrie, Fatmata Haja. "Effects of Constrained Aging on the Shape Memory Response of Nickel Rich Niti Shape Memory Alloys." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7308.
Анотація:
Ni50.6Ti49.4 single and Ni52Ti48 polycrystalline shape memory alloy samples were subjected to aging under a uniaxial stress, to form a single Ni4Ti3 precipitate variant and to investigate the effects of single versus multi-variant coherent precipitates on the shape memory characteristics including two-way shape memory effect (TWSME). Shape memory and superelasticity properties along with the effects of stress and temperature on the transformation temperatures, strain, hysteresis, dimensional stability, and R-phase formation were investigated. This was accomplished through the use of isobaric thermal cycling and superelasticity experiments and various microscopy techniques that included transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and optical microcopy.
The results showed that it is feasible to use constrained aging to bias R-phase martensite variants upon cooling from austenite without any external stress, however, accomplishing this with B19’martensite was much harder as complete TWSME was only found in the Ni50.6Ti49.4 single crystalline sample oriented along the [112] direction. The onset of irrecoverable strain corresponded to the R-phase temperature hysteresis increase in the single crystalline samples regardless of the aging conditions. Through TEM analysis it was discovered that [112] and [114] twins were found in austenite due to plastic deformation of martensite during the superelasticity experiments. Since [112] twins are theoretically impossible to form in austenite, and since martensite was plastically deformed, [112] austenite twins were attributed to the transformation of compound twins in martensite, in particular [113] martensite twins formed during the plastic deformation of martensite, into austenite twins.
In the Ni52Ti48 polycrystalline samples, a compressive R-phase variant was biased through constrained aging under 100 and 200 MPa uniaxial tensile stresses at 400°C and 450°C. Aging, in all conditions, produced a high density of Ni4Ti3 precipitates that was most likely responsible for the small transformation strain observed, less that 2%, upon transformation to martensite.
In the future, samples with compositions between 50.8 and 51.5 Ni atomic percent, in addition to altered solution and aging heat treatments as compared to those used in this study should be investigated as it is believed that samples with these compositions will yield better and consistent TWSME responses through constrained aging.
29
CHEN, WEI-ZHONG, and 陳威中. "Case Study of Aging/Deteriorating Effects on Structural Integrity of Mid-rise RC Building in Central Taiwan." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bvj4jt.
Анотація:
碩士朝陽科技大學
營建工程系
107
Due to Taiwan is situated along the seismic belt and reports frequent seismic activities, and there are also lots of old buildings constructed before the regulation of Earthquake resistance has been amended, it caused many doubts about the use of old or aging of buildings. Whether the seismic performance of these buildings is up to the standard of current regulation and whether there are appropriate earthquake-resistant reinforcement for buildings have become a big issue. In order to help quickly understand the future seismic performance evaluation, an eight-storied building has been chose for this study, then the deterioration parameters are simulated by ETABS Pushover Analysis. The main parameter are the percentage of aging column and the number of aging layers. To understand the impact on the seismic performance of the building, the researcher use computing and graphical analysis. The research shows that the impact on the seismic performance of the structure is not obvious when the percentage of aging column is less than 25%. However, buildings would not be able to resist when the percentage is higher than 25%. Furthermore, for the case of eight-storied building, it has little impact on seismic performance of building if the aging layers are less than two. When the deterioration is slight (〖f'〗_c180), the decrease of the seismic performance of the multi-story structure is not directly proportional to the increase of the number of aging floors. Instead, when the deterioration is severe (〖f'〗_c140), the seismic resistance decreases obviously as the number of floors increases.
30
Iannotta, Lucia. "Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor influences cholesterol trafficking between astrocytes and neurons - Effects of Aging or a Fructose-rich diet on neurotrophin levels and markers of brain functioning." Tesi di dottorato, 2018. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/12568/1/PhD_THESIS_LUCIA_IANNOTTA.pdf.
Анотація:
Cholesterol is critical to maintain membrane plasticity, cellular function and synaptic integrity. The neurotrophin Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exerts a critical role in brain synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. It was previously reported that BDNF elicits cholesterol biosynthesis and promote the accumulation of presynaptic proteins in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, but no further data are available on its ability to modulate physiological mechanisms involved in brain cholesterol homeostasis. One aim of this PhD research project was to investigate whether BDNF influences cholesterol homeostasis, focusing on the effect of the neurotrophin on Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) synthesis, cholesterol efflux from astrocytes and cholesterol incorporation into neurons. Our results show that BDNF significantly stimulates cholesterol efflux by astrocytes, as well as ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter and the expression of ApoE in cellular models of human astrocytes. On the other hand, BDNF reduce cholesterol incorporation in neurons by enhancing LXR-beta expression, protecting these cells from cholesterol excess-induced apoptosis. These results evidence a novel role of BDNF in the modulation of ApoE and cholesterol homeostasis in glial and neuronal cells.
A further objective of this research project was to investigate the effects of a short-term (two-weeks) fructose-rich diet on brain redox homeostasis, autophagy, as well as on BDNF, its receptor TrkB and synaptic function markers, in the cortex of young and adults rats, in order to highlight the early risks to which brain is exposed. The results showed that a short-term fructose feeding was associated with an imbalance of redox homeostasis, as lower amount of Nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2, lower activity of Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and Glutathione reductase, together with lower GSH/GSSG ratio, were found in fructose-fed young and adult rats. Fructose-rich diet was also associated with the activation of autophagy, as higher levels of Beclin, LC3 II and P62 were detected in cortex of fructose-fed rats. A diet-associated decrease of synaptophysin, synapsin I, and synaptotagmin I, suggests an impairment of synaptic transmission in fructose-fed young and adult rats. Interestingly, BDNF amount was significantly lower only in fructose-fed adult rats, while the level of its receptor TrkB decreased in both group of treated rats. A further marker of brain functioning, Acetylcholinesterase activity was found increased only in fructose-fed young animals. Overall, our findings suggest that young rats may severely suffer from the deleterious influence of fructose on brain health as the adults and provide experimental data suggesting the need of targeted nutritional strategies to reduce its amount in foods.