Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Rewards and Interventions Advisory Committee"

This photovoice project was undertaken by the Family Advisory Committee of the Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Research Network to describe the experiences and the challenges faced by those supporting loved ones with FASD. Photovoice is a method of bringing forth the voice of those who are typically marginalized. It is a process by which people can act as recorders and potential catalysts for social action and change. The Family Advisory Committee chose the photovoice technique to communicate both their experiential knowledge and the research knowledge on both the challenges and rewards in supporting individuals with FASD. This photovoice project highlights several themes that are consistent with the results of caregiver research and provide a glimpse into the experience of those supporting loved ones with FASD. Through this type of knowledge translation the Family Advisory Committee hopes to enhance policy maker and service provider understanding of the necessity of providing support and services not only to the individual with FASD but to those who support them as well.

In 2017, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee, a federal advisory panel consisting of autism researchers and community members, recommended that funders of autism research prioritize research projects on: (1) treatments/interventions, (2) evidence-based services, and (3) lifespan issues. We sought to describe research funding since this recommendation was made. We searched the databases of the three largest federal funders of autism research in the United States (National Institutes of Health, Department of Education, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for grants awarded during 2017–2019. We categorized grants as follows: autism screening and diagnosis, biology, risk factors, treatments and interventions, services, lifespan issues, or infrastructure and surveillance. We found that funding patterns remained largely consistent during 2017–2019. Biological research received a relative majority of funding (32.59%), followed by treatments and interventions (22.87%). While given higher funding priority by the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee’s recent budget recommendation, fewer funds were awarded to research areas like services (5.02%) and lifespan issues (2.51%), indicating a misalignment between funding patterns and the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee budget recommendation. These findings emphasize the need for autism research funding to align with the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee budget recommendations to best meet the needs of the autism community, particularly autistic younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Lay abstract In 2017, an advisory board consisting of autism researchers and community members recommended that funders of autism research prioritize research projects on: (1) treatments/interventions, (2) evidence-based services, and (3) lifespan issues. To describe funding in these areas since this recommendation was made, we searched the databases of the three largest federal funders of autism research in the United States. We found that the largest portion of federal funding during 2017–2019 was awarded to research on the biology of autism (32.59%) and treatments and interventions for autism (22.87%). Less funds were awarded to research areas that are high funding priorities by the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee budget recommendation including services (5.02%) and lifespan issues (2.51%). Our findings emphasize that autism research funding is not consistent with the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee budget recommendation to increase funding particularly to services and lifespan issues. We recommend that funding patterns should shift to better align with these priorities so that autism research may better serve the needs of the autism community.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice recommends all children be vaccinated annually against Influenza. Given the increased use of technology as a strategy to increase immunization coverage, theory-based text messaging may result in higher vaccination rates than traditional vaccine reminders. This article describes the development of theory-based text messages for parents of 5 to 8-year-old children that can be implemented in primary care settings. The development of the text messages was guided by constructs from the Health Belief Model. A pilot study was conducted with community pediatric vaccine health care providers (n = 6), and parents of 5 to 8-year-old children (n = 8) to evaluate the text message content for clarity, internal consistency, and content validity. The evaluation results indicated that our intervention was successful in creating a low cost, theory-based educational intervention that garnered community investment and met the cultural relevance and literacy needs of the priority population.

Objectives:The Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) makes recommendations to the Australian Government for funding health technologies under the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS). Differences in public, clinical, commercial, and political opinions on health expenditure emphasize the importance of defensible funding decisions. We aimed to evaluate the quality of health technology assessment (HTA) reports over time and among health technologies assessed for MSAC.Main Outcome Measures:A cohort study was performed of HTA reports prepared for MSAC between 1998 and 2013. We measured the quality of HTA reports using reporting guidelines proposed by the European Collaboration for Assessment of Health Interventions. Individual component scores across eleven domains were calculated, and summed for an overall aggregate score. We used linear regression to investigate any change in quality over time and among the types of technologies assessed.Results:We included 110 HTA reports. The safety (80 percent), effectiveness (84 percent), economic (74 percent), and organizational (99 percent) domains were better reported than the psychological, social, and ethical considerations (34 percent). The basic (75 percent), methodological (62 percent), background (82 percent), contextual (46 percent), status quo (54 percent), and technical information (66 percent) that framed each assessment were inconsistently reported. On average, overall quality scores increased by 2 percent (p< 0.001) per year, from approximately 60 percent to 80 percent over the 15-year period, with no significant difference among surgical, diagnostic or other nonpharmaceutical health technologies (p= 0.22).Conclusions:HTA reports prepared for MSAC are a key tool in allocating scarce health resources. The overall quality of these reports has improved, but the reporting of specific domains and subthemes therein could be better addressed.

Background: The mental health of Black youth during the COVID-19 pandemic is potentially influenced by various systemic factors, including racism, socioeconomic disparities, and access to culturally sensitive mental health support. Understanding these influences is essential for developing effective interventions to mitigate mental health disparities. Methods: Our project used a community-based participatory (CBP) research design with an intersectional theoretical perspective. An advisory committee consisting of fourteen Black youth supported all aspects of our project. The research team consisted of experienced Black researchers who also trained six Black youths as research assistants and co-researchers. The co-researchers conducted individual interviews, contributed to data analysis, and mobilized knowledge. Participants were recruited through the advisory committee members and networks of Black youth co-researchers and sent an email invitation to Black community organizations. Forty-eight Black identified were interviewed between the ages of 16 and 30 in Canada. The data was analyzed thematically. We kept a reflexive note throughout all aspects of the project. Results: Participants reported significant challenges with online schooling, including a lack of support and access to resources. Lockdowns exacerbated stress, particularly for those living in toxic living/home environments. Financial burdens, such as food insecurity and precarious employment, were prevalent and exacerbated mental health challenges. Additionally, experiences of anti-Black racism and police brutality during the pandemic heightened stress and anxiety among participants. Conclusions: The findings underscore the complex interplay of systemic factors in shaping the mental health of Black youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing these disparities requires targeted interventions that address structural inequities and provide culturally competent support to mitigate the impact on mental well-being.

Breastfeeding is internationally recognized as the optimal form of infant nutrition. The Baby-Friendly Initiative (BFI) is an evidence-informed program that leads to improved breastfeeding outcomes. Despite the benefits of breastfeeding, Nova Scotia has one of the lowest breastfeeding rates in Canada. Additionally, only two birthing hospitals in the province have BFI designation. We aim to address this gap using a sequential qualitative descriptive design across three phases. In Phase 1, we will identify barriers and facilitators to BFI implementation through individual, semi-structured interviews with 40 health care professionals and 20 parents. An analysis of relevant policy and practice documents will complement these data. In Phase 2, we will develop implementation interventions aimed at addressing the barriers and facilitators identified in Phase 1. An advisory committee of 10–12 administrative, clinical, and parent partners will review these interventions. In Phase 3, the interventions will be reviewed by a panel of 10 experts in BFI implementation through an online survey. Feedback on the revised implementation interventions will then be sought from 20 health system and parent partners through interviews. This work will use implementation science methods to support integrated and sustained implementation of the BFI across hospital/community and rural/urban settings in Nova Scotia. This study was not registered.

This study determined the lived experiences of millennial teachers in the District of Aliaga, Aliaga, Nueva Ecija, during the School Year 2022- 2023. This study formulated guide questions and consulted the thesis advisory committee. Evidence was gathered from 10 millennial teachers born from 1981 to 1998 in Aliaga District, Division of Nueva Ecija. Five participants were already married, one male and four female. Five of the participants are single. There are six Teacher I, three Teacher III, and one Master Teacher I, and three of them have already finished their master's degree, while others have units in their graduate studies. The participants' reasons for choosing teaching as their career were the influence of parents, their love for children, and the inspiration of my past Teacher. Two themes emerged when the participants were asked about their daily routines: lesson planning and getting things ready for the whole day's class. As to the rewards, they all agreed that students learning is the reward they get as teachers. In terms of challenges, they encountered students' behavior, reading, and numeracy. The assistance or support they receive from their school heads is professional development, psychological support, and a positive environment. Cooperation and knowledge sharing emerged as themes regarding their impact on their respective schools.

Background: Rehabilitation is an essential health care service and a critical component of comprehensive multiple sclerosis (MS) care. Objective: As part of a 2-day meeting hosted by the International Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials in MS in December 2022, a panel initiated a discussion on the conceptual and practical issues related to selecting intermediate outcomes for clinical trials of MS rehabilitation interventions. Results: The overarching goal of rehabilitation – optimal functioning – was acknowledged as a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon that varies with patient priorities and environmental context. This complexity means that multiple causal pathways and potential intermediate outcomes must be carefully considered during the design of clinical trials in MS rehabilitation that aim to improve functioning. In addition, practical issues must be considered such as psychometric properties of outcome measures, measure type, and characteristics of the target population, including severity of dysfunction. Conclusion: This article uses the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a foundation for determining relevant intermediate outcomes for clinical trials of MS rehabilitation interventions.

e15603 Background: Only 5% of adult cancer patients enroll in cancer clinical trials; however, approximately 70% are willing to participate. The numerous gaps between patient willingness and trial participation rates suggest that enrollment in clinical trials can be challenging. The Colorectal Cancer Alliance Clinical Trial Think Tank Summit brought together multidisciplinary voices to propose solutions and tailor interventions to increase participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) clinical trials and save lives. Methods: An expert advisory committee supported the planning of the Summit by collating existing knowledge and best practices from across the field. The Alliance collected patient perspectives through interviews and aligned around three critical themes for change in CRC clinical trials. The Summit created a forum for thoughtful and strategic discussions with expert speakers and sessions to explore thematic solutions. Results: The advisory committee’s research activities and discussion identified strategic solutions across the following themes: 1. Marketing & Messaging Trust in Clinical Trials; 2. Fostering Readiness for Community-Based Cancer Research, and 3. Clinical Trial Patient Navigation. There was consensus that cancer patients and the public need to be educated on the importance of clinical trial access and dispel myths about clinical trials. Messaging must be culturally competent, creating quality standards for trial awareness and participation for utilization in a marketing campaign.&nbsp; Summit participants discussed barriers to clinical trial enrollment at the institutional, structural, provider, and patient levels. Collaborations with industry sponsors and partnering with community oncology programs are necessary for designing and conducting research serving the understudied and underserved. &nbsp; Participants identified that navigators are crucial for decentralized clinical trials and are a key element for improving clinical trial efficiency and the patient experience. Developing and launching a centralized clinical trial navigator pilot program is necessary to ensure that navigators are knowledgeable about recruiting CRC clinical trials nationally. Conclusions: Clinical trials are essential to advancing new treatments. To extend clinical research into the community, standardized messaging is needed that dispels myths about clinical trials and highlights positive trial outcomes. By improving our overall messaging, collaboration, education, and access to resources, we can accelerate CRC clinical trial participation to improve outcomes and research answers.

ABSTRACTBecause of the importance of including ethical considerations in planning efforts for pandemic influenza, in February 2005 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requested that the Ethics Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee to the Director develop guidance that would serve as a foundation for decision making in preparing for and responding to pandemic influenza. Specifically, the ethics subcommittee was asked to make recommendations regarding ethical considerations relevant to decision making about vaccine and antiviral drug distribution prioritization and development of interventions that would limit individual freedom and create social distancing. The ethics subcommittee identified a number of general ethical considerations including identification of clear goals for pandemic planning, responsibility to maximize preparedness, transparency and public engagement, sound science, commitment to the global community, balancing individual liberty and community interests, diversity in ethical decision making, and commitment to justice. These general ethical considerations are applied to the issues of vaccine and antiviral drug distribution and use of community mitigation interventions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3(Suppl 2):S185–S192)

Abstract Dr Linda Lam is a Clinical Professor and Director at the Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). Dr Lam was trained as a psychiatrist specializing in old age mental health. She is a Fellow of the Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists and an honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (United Kingdom). Dr Lam is also the founding President of the Chinese Dementia Research Association in 2009. Since 2017, she has served as a member at the Advisory Committee on Mental Health in Hong Kong. Her research interests include early detection and intervention for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. She conducted the first territory-wide epidemiological surveys on mental disorders and dementia in Hong Kong, and pioneered lifestyle cognitive and physical exercise, and non-invasive brain stimulation interventions for older Chinese adults with neurocognitive disorders.

The aim of this book is to provide professionals with the latest and most reliable information on intellectual disability and associated impairments. It utilizes a developmental perspective and reviews the various types of intellectual disability, discusses approaches to classification, diagnosis, and appropriate interventions, and provides information on resources that may offer additional help. The term “intellectual disability” is used throughout this book instead of “mental retardation” to reflect current perspectives. Intellectual disability refers to impairments in both cognitive functioning and adaptive skills whose onset is during the developmental period. It is a developmental, intellectual, and cognitive disability. Although the term “mental retardation” continues to be used in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and DSM-IVTR, the continued use of this designation has been questioned because it implies a static, unchanging condition rather than one that can change over time. Other terms, such as “mental handicap” and “learning disability,” have also been used. These variations in terminology are derived from long-standing concerns about the stigma of applying the term “mental retardation” to individuals. A more general term applied to individuals with intellectual disability is “mental disability.” The World Health Organization and the United Nations generally use the term “mental disability” as a broad descriptor, and the U.S. Supreme Court, in the Olmstead decision emphasizing the importance of community living, also used the term “mental disability.” The definition of “mental retardation” has changed nine times over the past 100 hundred years in the United States. Such changes in nomenclature come about with the acquisition of new knowledge regarding causes and efforts to preserve the dignity of persons who are intellectually disabled. Reflecting this new knowledge and concerns about the stigma sometimes associated with the term, on July 25, 2003, the name of the federal advisory committee, the President’s Committee on Mental Retardation (PCMR), was changed to the President’s Committee for People with Intellectual Disabilities (PCPID). Because the name designates the committee that advises the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the President on federal policy regarding programs and services, the change is noteworthy.

There is ample evidence that child maltreatment (child abuse and neglect) is a prevalent problem, globally. Every 2 years since 1982, the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) conducts a survey to assess the state of child maltreatment and child protection internationally. This chapter is excerpted and based on World Perspectives on Child Abuse, 11th Edition.1* Those wishing to read the full report, including detailed information on individual countries, can obtain a copy from ISPCAN at www.ispcan.org. It is naturally difficult to cover the entire world and to capture what is happening related to child maltreatment and child protection in many countries in any depth. Nevertheless, data from this survey offer a valuable snapshot of policies and practices pertaining to child maltreatment in different regions of the world and according to country income level. With members in more than 100 countries, ISPCAN has the capacity to identify knowledgeable professionals in the field of child maltreatment. ISPCAN initiated the current survey with respondents to past surveys. In addition, potential participants thought to be familiar with child protection in their countries were sought from ISPCAN membership. ISPCAN and executive council members were also asked to reach out to their networks, particularly in countries in which a respondent had not been identified. In addition to individual connections, ISPCAN works with national organizations in several countries as well as other international organizations. They too helped identify key informants to complete the survey. Repeated efforts were made to reach respondents in as many countries as possible. Of the 96 countries with identified respondents, 76% completed the survey. Of the 73 countries represented, 10 were from Africa, 14 from the Americas, 25 from Asia, and 23 from Europe; Oceania was represented by just Australia. Using designations of the World Bank, there was good representation of high- and middle-income countries (33 for each), but only 7 responses were from low-income countries. Caution is naturally needed when interpreting findings based on low numbers. The editor, together with an international advisory committee, developed the survey, building on prior iterations. Participants were invited to complete the survey, administered online using SurveyMonkey. Each respondent was e-mailed a link to the survey. They were also encouraged to seek input from colleagues when necessary, to help ensure the accuracy of the information. It is inherently difficult to know the many aspects of child protection in one’s country, especially when systems are not centralized and considerable variation may exist. It was beyond the scope of this project to check the accuracy of responses. These data, therefore, may not always accurately represent the complex picture or the variations within a country. The results of the survey help inform the status of maltreated children globally and likely system and programmatic interventions needed to ameliorate the status of children worldwide.

The provision of concessional finance has become an increasingly important tool to support enterprise development, especially where financial markets are underdeveloped. For the purposes of this research, concessional finance is defined as that which is extended on terms and/or conditions that are more favourable than those available from the market. This can be achieved, for example, via lower risk adjusted return expectations; terms and conditions that would not be accepted/extended by a commercial financial institution; and/or by providing financing to a borrower/recipient not otherwise served by commercial financing. Risk mitigation tools, guarantees and first-loss products are also included when they are provided on concessional terms. The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) of the United Kingdom (UK) has committed funding to a range of concessional finance investors in the agriculture sector, including significant sums for the CDC Group (the UK's development finance institution), AgDevCo (a specialist agribusiness impact investor), the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP) Private Sector Window, and the Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund (AECF). FCDO also makes smaller contributions to more specialized institutions as well as collaborative interventions with other donors in the agriculture sector. These organizations cover the spectrum of investment themes, from close-to-market interest rates for more established businesses to long-term, low- or no-interest debt with packages of advisory support for early stage or highly innovative business models. They deploy a wide range of instruments, some funded, which includes all types of concessional debt and equity; and others unfunded, which covers risk mitigation tools, guarantees and first-loss products when they are provided on concessional terms. Implementing partners use different methods for monitoring and reporting the performance of the concessional funding provided by donors, using both customized measurement mechanisms or those based on more broadly accepted standards such as the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development (DCED). Research ranges from light touch human interest case studies to more formal longitudinal analysis using rigorous statistical survey methods. Academic institutions are increasingly contributing quality research, particularly to the assessment and understanding of development impact, often in partnership with impact investors. Donors themselves both directly engage in research but also provide the majority of the funding for evidence-based learning in both investors and academia. After more than a decade of concerted investment and innovation in the concessional finance space, particularly in sub Saharan Africa and South Asia, there is increasing interest in understanding whether these interventions are providing the development impacts expected and which financing tools and institutions are most effective for different types of farmer and or food market systems. These lessons will allow good practices to be replicated in future and implementation modalities to be improved to maximize development impact and financial performance.

Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.