Дисертації: "Revisionist public choice theory"

1

Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova, and A. Tkachenko. "Public choice theory: development and contemporary applications." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16060.

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2

Balduzzi, Paolo. "Game theoretic models of public choice and political economy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/869.

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This thesis is composed of three chapters, which can be read independently. In the first one, we present and solve some bargaining games a la Rubinstein, where the subjects can delegate the negotiating process to agents. Delegation is aimed to provide the delegating party with a higher bargaining power. When both parties delegate, uncertainty arises about the final distribution of the payoffs and multiple equilibria are possible. The seller loses his usual first mover's advantage. When we allow for delegation costs, the range of multiple equilibria shrinks. the final outcome of the game may be now inefficient for the principals and a prisoners' dilemma may arise. In the second chapter, we develop a model of simultaneous and sequential voting in a committee where members do not share their private information and do not have the same preferences. When objective functions differ, an optimal order of voting in the sequential game is found, leading to a unique socially optimal equilibrium. Our result rationalizes the presence of biased (i.e. partisan) voters in small committees as a way of reaching social optimality. Finally, in the third chapter, we acknowledge that, beside the traditional public-private dichotomy for the provision of public services, an increasing attention has been devoted to the use of partnerships. We compare relative inefficiencies of public provision, traditional private provision and PPPs. We also analyze the effect of workers' efforts and incentives on the success of the device.

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3

Büttner, Bettina. "Five essays in public economic theory /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014735840&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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4

Burghart, Daniel Robert. "Demand for public goods /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1421618221&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-115). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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5

Bryan, Lona. "A Limited Rational Choice Theory in Local Public Health Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5542.

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The threat and occurrence of terrorist attacks have increased in the United States since September 2011, heightening concerns for weaponized anthrax, other biological pathogens, and epidemics and pandemics. Early decisions and funding levels in local public health agencies can be the first line of defense or first point of failure; yet little is understood about how decisions are made when there are budget cuts before a biological event happens. Using Lindblom's conceptualization of limited rational choice theory, the purpose of this single case study was to understand how a local public health official made decisions after budget cuts in a single public health entity in the mid-Atlantic area of the United States. Data were collected through an interview with 1 public health official and publicly available plans, procedures, and funding documents. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis procedure. Findings indicated that the public health agency's ability to make the best decisions were negatively impacted by limited resources, though adequate planning before a catastrophic event, active and continual communication with stakeholders, and clarity about financial and resource needs can partially offset the impact of budgetary reductions. The implications for social change include recommendations to anticipate and address the needs of the public health system through decision making to protect the health care community and the reduction or elimination of the spread of disease in the wake of a biological incident.

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6

Thomson, Lisa, and FRANCISandLISA@bigpond com. "Clerical Workers, Enterprise Bargaining and Preference Theory: Choice & Constraint." La Trobe University. School of Social Sciences, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20050801.172053.

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This thesis is a case study about the choices and constraints faced by women clerical workers in a labour market where they have very little autonomy in negotiating their pay and conditions of employment. On the one hand, clerical work has developed as a feminised occupation with a history of being low in status and low paid. On the other hand, it is an ideal occupation for women wanting to combine work and family across their life cycle. How these two phenomena impact upon women clerical workers ability to negotiate enterprise agreements is the subject of this thesis. From a theoretical perspective this thesis builds upon Catherine Hakim�s preference theory which explores the choices women clerical workers� make in relation to their work and family lives. Where Hakim�s preference theory focuses on the way in which women use their agency to determine their work and life style choices, this thesis gives equal weighting to the impact of agency and the constraints imposed by external structures such as the availability of part-time work and childcare, as well as the impact of organisational culture. The research data presented was based on face-to-face interviews with forty female clerical workers. The clerical workers ranged in age from 21 to 59 years of age. The respondents were made up of single or partnered women without family responsibilities, women juggling work and family, and women who no longer had dependent children and were approaching retirement. This thesis contends that these clerical workers are ill placed to optimise their conditions of employment under the new industrial regime of enterprise bargaining and individual contracts. Very few of the women were union members and generally they were uninformed about their rights and entitlements.

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7

Thomson, Lisa. "Clerical workers, enterprise bargaining and preference theory : choice & constraint /." Access full text, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20050801.172053/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- La Trobe University, 2004. Submitted to the School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 283-294). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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8

Le, Maux Benoît. "Local public choice in representative democracy : which theory best explains the data ?" Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1G004.

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Cette thèse teste le modèle de l'électeur médian contre des modèles rivaux basés sur les théories des politiciens partisans, de la bureaucratie, des groupes de pression et de l'incrémentalisme budgétaire. Les quatre dépenses de fonctionnement des départements français sont utilisées comme variables expliquées : (i) l'aide sociale, (ii) les services économiques, (iii) la voirie et (iv) les collèges. La conclusion générale est que le modèle de l'électeur médian n'est pas le modèle qui explique au mieux les comportements des gouvernements locaux. Si le revenu et la part fiscale de l'électeur médian ont ensemble un impact significatif sur les dépenses publiques, les résultats des test économétriques pratiqués dans cette thèse indiquent que d'autres facteurs influencent les politiques des départements. Cette thèse suggère par conséquent que l'on ne peut pas être entièrement optimiste en ce qui concerne le fonctionnement des démocraties représentatives locales
This Ph. D. Thesis tests the power of the median voter model against the respective strengh of alternative models based on partisan politicians, bureaucracy, interest group and budgetary incrementalism theories. To execute this comparison, the four principal per capita operating expenditures of the French departments are used as dependent variables : (i) social assistance, (ii) economic services, (iii) maintenance of the road network and (iv) secondary schools. The overall conclusion made is that the median voter model is not the best model for explaining local governments' behavior. While the income and tax share of the median voter have together a significant impact on public expenditures, numerous econometric tests suggest, that other factors significantly influence the French departments' policies. In other words, we cannot be entirely optimistic about the workings of local representative democracies

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9

Kogelmann, Brian J., and Brian J. Kogelmann. "Agreement, All the Way Up: An Essay on Public Reason and Theory Choice." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625472.

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This dissertation offers novel contributions to two distinct but related projects, what I call the first-order public reason liberalism project and the second-order public reason liberalism project. The first-order project is concerned with those disagreements among competent moral agents and the conflicts they may induce: is there a way such disagreements can be adjudicated in a manner endorsable by all leading to social cooperation rather than conflict? The second-order project is concerned with those disagreements among public reason theorists: is there one articulation of the public reason project all theorists can come to agree on as best? After articulating the second-order public reason project this dissertation offers a novel contribution to the first-order public reason project by proposing that our disagreements are best adjudicated according to a polycentric model of governance; hopefully a novel polycentric way of organizing our social and political lives can garner the endorsement of all public reason theorists, thus resolving our second-order public reason project. After showing that this hypothesis cannot convincingly be vindicated, the dissertation offers reflections on the current state of the public reason liberalism research program, offering both an indictment of how it currently proceeds and a proposal for remedying such failures.

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10

Hache, Connie. "Financing Public Goods and Services through Taxation or User Fees: A Matter of Public Choice?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32252.

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Through a case study methodology this research explores the decision-making process regarding financing services provided by the Canadian federal government to individual citizens. From a transparency and accountability perspective, for those services that benefit individuals versus society as whole, it is important to understand why some services are provided through general taxation while others are financed through user fees. The study utilizes public choice theory as developed in The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy which is the initial attempt to illustrate how the tools of economics may be applied to political institutions using a rational choice approach with an emphasis on rules about how choices are made. Rather than focusing on ‘what’ government spends funds on, the study focuses on ‘how’ government generates funds by examining three major actors: government, citizen-voters and pressure groups. This study furthers scientific knowledge as there has been prior research on distinguishing between public versus private goods, and deciding on how to publicly fund such goods, but there has been limited research undertaken on the actual decision-making process in financing public goods and services. From an academic perspective, this study is the first time that The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy model has been adapted and applied to the Canadian federal government. The study concludes that it depends on what elected officials decide to do to appeal to citizen-voters in order to win votes: appear fiscally prudent thus charge user fees; advance its political agenda with decisions to sometimes charge user fees or other times not; or limit costs to private sector organizations by deciding to not charge user fees. While elected officials make the decisions whether or not to charge user fees, it is the bureaucracy that implements these decisions.

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11

Yang, Tsung-Han. "Essays on Applied Game Theory and Public Economics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82963.

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The first chapter presents a theoretical model of electoral competition where two parties can increase campaign contributions by choosing policies benefiting a significant interest group. However, such decision will shrink their hardcore vote base where voters are well informed about the policy. The parties can then allocate the funds between campaigning and personal wealth. Different from the core voters, independent voters can be attracted by advertisements funded by campaign spending. Using a multi-stage extensive form game, I investigate how electoral competition interacts with diversions and policy distortions. My result shows that a higher level of electoral competition helps mitigate policy distortions but prompts the parties to divert more funds. Perfectly informed signal senders need to communicate their true type (productivity or ability) which is often private information to potential receivers. While tests are commonly used as measures of applicants' productivity, the accuracy of them has been questioned. Beginning with the framework of a two-type labor market signaling game, the second chapter investigates how tests of limited reliability affect the nature of equilibria in signaling games with asymmetric information. Our results show that, if a test is inaccurate and costly, only pooling PBE exists given certain conditions. Different forms of test inaccuracy may allow a separating PBE to exist. We also study the case of three types and find different PBEs. The central issue of siting noxious facilities is that the host community absorbs potential costs, while all others can share the benefits without paying as much. The third chapter presents a modified Clarke mechanism to facilitate the siting decision, taking into account all residents' strategies. Suppose that the social planner is able to reasonably estimate the possible costs, depending on the host location, to each resident created by the facility. Our proposed Clarke mechanism is characterized by strategy-proofness and yields an efficient siting outcome. The issue of budget imbalance is mitigated when the compensation scheme is fully funded with the tax revenue based on the benefits. We then use a simple example to show that a weighted version of the Clarke mechanism may yield a different outcome.
Ph. D.

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12

Devine, Nesta. "An Investigation into 'Public Choice' Theory and its Implications for Education in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1962.

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'Public Choice Theory' is defined by its proponents as 'the application of economics to politics'. This thesis attempts to describe Public Choice Theory in its component parts and as a coherent and potent contemporary factor in the political and educational scene. The methodologies used are Foucauldian 'genealogy' and 'immanent critique', that is, the theory is examined in its historical context and in terms of its own logic. The process by which this theory has affected the educational situation in New Zealand is examined, and set in the context of the wider application of economics to politics in this country generally. Some of the major policy documents concerning Education are read closely in order to identify the extent of the Public Choice Theory influence on them, Whilst Public Choice Theory is commonly associated with the 'New Right' it is also the key element of 'analytic Marxism'. Whether from 'left' or 'right,' Public Choice Theory, as a basis for the content or organisation of education is presented as a historically contingent theory, making dubious claims to scientific validation, and bringing about consistent changes in the nature of education and the construction of persons engaged in it.

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13

Kay, Adrian. "The MacSharry reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy : a challenge to public choice theory." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11838/.

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This thesis draws on the insights of economics, political economy and political science to study the MacSharry reforms of the CAP enacted in May 1992. It has two objectives. First, to understand the MacSharry reforms in terms of why they happened, when they did and in the form that they did. Second, to develop a more general framework for the interpretation of CAP reforms. The thesis is in two parts. In the first, the public choice paradigm of decision-making systems is introduced as an alternative to neo-classical agricultural economics. It is employed to generate three frameworks of CAP reforms; the interest groups, the prominent players and the institutions. The evidence from the histories of previous reforms of the CAP provides the bias that the institutions framework is the most insightful for understanding the reform process. The second part of the thesis is a case study of the MacSharry reforms. It is constructed from primary and secondary sources. Seventeen in-depth, individual interviews with key participants in, or observers of, the reform process were conducted. These are complimented by an extensive survey of the general news commentary on, the academic analysis of, and specialist agri-business views of the reforms. The institutions framework drawn from part one of the thesis is used to interpret this evidence to achieve objective one of the thesis. The central claim with regard to the second objective is that previous attempts at understanding the CAP reform process and its outcome have tended to underestimate the importance of the institutional structure of decision-making.

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14

Ndong, Mamadou. "Choice of exchange rate regime in the presence of commodity price disturbances." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66664/.

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This thesis discusses the choice of an exchange rate regime for a small commodity-exporting economy which experiences both monetary shocks and commodity price shocks. To investigate these matters, stochastic calculus is used in a continuous-time setting. The Franc Zone serves as an illustration: it is a currency union between a small country and a large country, and was subject to enormous strains in the last decade. The model developed in chapters 3 and 4 stresses the role of expectations in affecting domestic price variability, when the commodity price is described as a Poisson process. It also points to an exchange rate policy of "leaning with the wind" on the basis of the price stability criterion. Chapter 4 further investigates how the degree of openness of the small economy can influence the choice of the optimal exchange rate. Finally the analysis explains why the recent devaluation in the Franc Zone was a necessity in contrast to other studies which failed to notice the need for a devaluation. In this respect, it suggests a way to measure the degree of overvaluation.

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15

Kaye-Blake, William Henry. "Demand for genetically modified food : theory and empirical findings." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Commerce Division, 2006. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20060913.102217.

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As economies develop, novel products are created and markets for these products arise. Genetically modified food (GMF) is an example of such a novel product and provides economists with the opportunity to investigate an infant market. Of particular interest with GMF is the impact of consumer reactions on the market. The response of consumers to GMF and their willingness to pay for it has emerged as an important factor in the development of this technology. This research investigates these consumer responses. Prior research suggests that two aspects of consumer behaviour may be relevant for the GMF market. First, consumers may react differently to different types of GMF, so that some products are potentially more economically viable. Secondly, some consumers appear to prefer not having GMF at all. Consumer behaviour is often framed according to neoclassical economic theory. Consumer preferences over goods and the attributes of those goods are generally held to have certain properties. The aspects of consumers reactions to GMF noted above, however, may be in conflict with two properties of preferences in neoclassical theory. First, preferences over food attributes are not separable, but may interact with each other. Secondly, some consumers may have preferences regarding GMF that are not continuous. As a result, aggregate impacts of introducing GMF may be difficult to measure, which raises a third issue for investigation, aggregation. Finally, an alternative model of consumer behaviour is bounded rationality, which theorises that choices may be discontinuous as a result of specific protocols. It also suggests that consumers seek to make good-enough choices, rather than attempting to maximise their satisfaction. Thus, optimisation or maximisation is the fourth issue considered in this thesis. In order to investigate these properties of consumers preferences, a choice experiment survey was developed. The strength of a choice experiment for examining these issues is its focus on the impact of each product attribute on a respondents choices. Thus, it may be possible to identify potentially discontinuous choice patterns and to identify choices affected by interactions between GM technology and other food attributes. Results from a neoclassical analysis of the survey data suggest that some consumers consider the type of benefit created with GM technology in making their choices. In addition, one-quarter to one-half of respondents may have had discontinuous preferences with respect to GMF. Reactions to GMF appear related to respondents attitudes, but not to socio-economic or demographic descriptors. As a result, aggregate measures of the impact of GMF may not fully account for consumers responses. A boundedly rational model also has reasonable goodness of fit, and may provide a different perspective on consumer behaviour. It is hoped that the results of this research provide a better understanding of consumer behaviour regarding GMF and, by extension, of the process of consumer adoption of novel products. It is further hoped that this attempt to incorporate choice protocols into discrete choice analysis will provide a useful example for further research.

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16

Radbone, Ian. "A history of land transport regulation in South Australia : the relevance of public choice theory." Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr124.pdf.

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17

Arnold, James Keith. "An Ecological Model for Health Policy Review| The Integration of New Institutional and Public Choice Theory for Public Policy Assessment." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3746286.

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Designed as a qualitative multiple-case evaluation, this study assessed the nature of policy congruence in health care organizations by evaluating the relationship of policy implementation strategies in these organizations with policy objectives contained in legislative enactments. The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) was the conduit for this study, and research emphasis focused on how PACE programs attempt to implement policy objectives engrossed in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA), even when not specifically required to do so. The problem identified has been that questions of policy consistency with the ACA continue to permeate the discussions surrounding PACE, and its utility as an alternative elder care initiative as contrasted against those concepts promoted in the ACA. The purpose of this research project was to advance theory and the application of theory in policy analysis. No review of PACE had been conducted through a theoretical perspective, and the theories of public choice and new institutionalism served as the theoretical framework which guided this study. Phone interviews of twelve PACE managers were conducted to ascertain organizational response to policies promoted in the ACA. Observational research was conducted at three PACE locations where high levels of policy congruence with the ACA were detected. This was complemented with public record document review which served to triangulate the research project. The study’s key finding is that uncertainty in markets where PACE is located has led most PACE programs to reflect characteristics of mimetic isomorphism. Furthermore, the ACA can be seen as subtly coercive in that regard, whereby PACE managers migrate PACE towards policies promoted in the ACA, and attempt to attain institutional legitimacy through mimetic behavior, which leads to more homogenous health care organizations. This study confirms the utility of public choice theory and new institutional theory in the investigation of public policy, and organizational strategies associated with public policy implementation. Evaluating PACE through public choice and new institutional theory expands the understanding of these theories, and their applicability and utility in evaluating the linkage between the policy theory, promulgation, and implementation processes, and thus, consequent effective governance strategies.

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18

Wellings, Richard James. "The greening of British transport policy 1989-1998 : the contribution of public choice and cultural theory." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405041.

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19

Usman, Muhammad. "The Effect of Ownership on Organizational Performance : A Case Study of Banking Sector in Pakistan." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1153.

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Aims: The main aims of this research are to provide more empirical evidences for theory of property rights and public choice theory and to test these theories in a new environment i.e. banking sector of Pakistan. This research compares performance of public and private banks in Pakistan on the basis of four performance measures, profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. It also studies the effect of politics on public banks. Method: Mainly quantitative approach is utilized in this thesis to compare performance of public and private banks in Pakistan in terms of profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. Ratio analysis is used for this purpose. Qualitative analysis is based on qualitative study of empirical findings of quantitative analysis with respect to elections and observing lending behavior of public and private banks along with study of net interest margin during election years. Major Findings: The theory of property rights and public choice literature support private ownership for superior performance as compared to public ownership. From empirical findings, very weak support is found for both theories. Out of twelve ratios used in ratio analysis, ten ratios support public ownership for superior performance as compared to private ownership and only two ratios quote that private ownership is superior in performance than public ownership. From empirical findings it can be concluded that performance of public banks is superior to private banks in Pakistan in terms of profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. Similarly, out of twelve ratios, only six ratios provided evidence of effect of elections on performance of public ownership which is a weak support for public choice theory. Moreover, lending behavior of public and private banks along with study of net interest margin has totally ruled out the presence of political influence on public banks. It can be concluded from these empirical findings that either political influence on public banks is minimized or political influence is affecting both sectors of banks in Pakistan. As banking sector in Pakistan is highly competitive now due to introduction of financial reforms in Pakistan, it can be concluded that theory of property rights and public choice theory do not work well in competitive markets especially Pakistan. It can also be concluded from empirical findings that privatization is not the only solution to poor performance of public ownership. The introduction of competition can substantially improve performance of public ownership.
mobile: +92-333-8102302

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20

Tien, Hung-Hua. "Strategic lobbying and taxation choice : a political economy of trade policy analysis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59196/.

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In this thesis, I use a political economy of trade policy approach to analyze the issues of strategic lobbying and taxation choice. The thesis contains 4 papers together with an introduction, literature review and conclusion. In Chapter 3, a lobbying-influence model is presented to discuss how the outcomes of trade policy is influenced by lobbying activities during the policymaking process. A comparison of the welfare-maximizing model and the lobbying-influence model under a game theory framework is undertaken. Chapter 4 provides a new explanation on the issue of asymmetric lobbying from the view point of the impact of external environment. Since the incentive of the domestic firm to engage in lobbying activities varies with its marginal costs, the outcomes of lobbying performance are different. This argument holds for both complete and incomplete information settings. Chapter 5 considers whether there is a positive role for lobbying activities in an incomplete information setting when the foreign entry is incorporated. The results suggest that the social welfare under the pooling equilibrium is higher than that under the separating equilibrium. As a result, there is no positive role for lobbying activities in this two-period model. Chapter 6 provides a political economy model to explain why trade taxes rather than more efficient income taxes might be adopted and what links the taxation choice and the economic development. In general, people prefers to pay less tax to the government. In a democratic society, a policy, which yields a higher utility to the majority of voters, is supported through majority voting. Therefore, the choice of taxation instruments depends on the tax payments, which are determined by the tax method, the income level, and the movement of income distribution over time.

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21

Little-Hunt, Catherine Cecchini. "Silent Policy Feedback Through School Choice." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3949.

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Increasing numbers of Florida parents are withdrawing their children from traditional public schools in highly-rated school districts to enroll them in tuition-free, startup, charter schools. Since not all parents have equal access or are as equally motivated to elect school choice alternatives, the fiscal sustainability of the traditional public school system is at risk. Using Schattschneider's policy feedback process as a model, the purpose of this research was to gain an in depth understanding of the role policy perception plays on the decision-making process by parents. Data for this qualitative single-case study were collected through interviews with 8 charter school parents residing in a single top-performing Florida public school district. All data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Key findings indicated that participants elected school choice based on perceptions that diminished curricular rigor and diminished classroom safety are the direct result of the classroom compositions found in a general education classroom in a traditional public school. The participants opined that the inability of traditional public schools to adequately accommodate for the diverse abilities of students placed in general education classrooms in accordance with current policy results in higher-achieving students being disenfranchised. The social change significance is showing how parental perception of existing policy impacts school choice election, thus providing guidance to lawmakers about legislative reforms that could limit the school choice migration and secure the viability of traditional public schools for those children limited in school choice options.

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22

Wärneryd, Karl. "Economic conventions : essays in institutional evolution." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-917.

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Conventions are social institutions that solve recurrent coordination problems. Many of the written and unwritten rules that make up a modern market society may be said to have the coordinative property. This dissertation uses a game-theoretical framework to discuss the emergence and functioning of conventions of communication, private property rights, money, and the firm. In each case the anlysis provides new insigts for these classical areas of economic inquiry.

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1990

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23

Penney, Tarra Lynn. "Local food availability, diet and obesity : development and empirical testing of a complex theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/266687.

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Individuals with poor quality diets face an increased risk of developing a range of chronic diseases. Aspects of the local food environment, including food availability, have been linked to less healthy diets and increased body weight in adults. However, there is limited theory development to guide the synthesis of empirical studies or the design and evaluation of intervention strategies. Therefore, this dissertation sought to 1) develop a theory of change for unpacking the association between local food availability, diet quality and weight status through identifying hypothesized pathways of influence; and 2) test identified mechanisms using nationally representative data for adults across the United Kingdom and England. Firstly, a systematic review and realist synthesis were used to generate a novel theory of change for food availability, diet and obesity. This involved integration of tacit knowledge from an expert panel with evidence from a range of published food availability interventions. The resulting theory suggested that the influence of food availability on diet and weight status involves a complex set of pathways. Including the importance of understanding the link between the adoption of, and exposure to, different types of food outlets and the alignment of these factors with the preferences and needs of people of varying socioeconomic position (SEP). Thus, use of different away-from-home food outlets (i.e. fast food, restaurant and café) were examined in adults from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey showing that only use of fast food outlets (but not restaurants or cafés) was associated with poor diet quality and obesity, after accounting for SEP. Next, given the potential importance of exposure to the density of food outlets in their use, the same types of away-from-home food outlets were examined in a cross-sectional spatial study of adults from the first wave of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). This analysis showed that again, regardless of individual SEP, the density of fast food outlets around the home was positively associated with away-from-home food spending and obesity, while the density of restaurants was negatively associated with obesity and no link to the density of cafés. Lastly, preliminary longitudinal analysis using adults from five waves of the UKHLS explored the utility of residential relocation as a means of examining the effect of a change in exposure to away-from-home food outlet density on diet and obesity. Results suggest that relocation can lead to substantial change in food outlet exposures; however, relocation is also accompanied by changes in a variety of demographic and socioeconomic circumstances. Collectively, this work demonstrates that theory development and empirical testing can provide a solid conceptual foundation to improve our understanding of how food availability influences unhealthy diet and obesity, for different groups of people and across a range of circumstances. The application of this systematic approach could lead to a more nuanced view of mechanisms of action and thereby more effectively address complex public health problems.

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24

Kazemi, Ali. "Distributive preferences in social dilemmas /." Göteborg : Dept. of Psychology, Göteborg University, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015509278&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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25

Brown, Rosemarie Ann. "Food Autonomy: The Paradox to Cereal-Based Food Choice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16103/1/Rosemarie_Brown_Thesis.pdf.

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Certain aspects of our modern diet have been implicated in thedevelopment of non-communicable diseases. For instance, energyconsumed in excess of an individual's physiological requirements maylead to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes mellitus, gall bladder disease,coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and possibly some cancers.Although many of these diet-related diseases can be controlled by modernmedicine, they cannot be cured. Instead, prevention through public healthstrategies is the only satisfactory solution. One of the major strategies forprevention of diet-related diseases in Australia is to modify the nationaldiet (Rogers 1987). In April 1979, the Commonwealth Department of Health responded to theWorld Health Organisation's call for the development of national food andnutrition polices by proposing the Dietary Guidelines for Australians. "TheDietary Guidelines for Australians provide advice to the general populationabout healthy food choices, so that their usual diet contributes to ahealthy life-style and is consistent with minimal risk for the developmentof diet-related diseases" (National Health and Medical Research Council1992:ix). However, in order to achieve the aim of the dietary guidelines,supporting educational programs are required. This is because it isbelieved that as consumers become more informed about food, nutrition,health, and the dietary guidelines, they are more likely to begin changingtheir diet in the directions recommended by the CommonwealthDepartment of Health and Family Services (1998a). Public health professionals believe that behaviour-change theories arebeneficial in gaining an understanding of the evolution of peoples' foodand nutrition behaviours. Behaviour-change theories are typicallyintegrated into dietary interventions as a means of educating theAustralian population about healthy food choices. However, attempts tochange Australians' food and nutrition behaviours by applying behaviour-change theories have been adiaphorous. Therefore, public health professionals need to explore traditional food and nutrition practices inorder to determine more effective dietary change strategies for the Australian population. Qualitative research is complementary to existing quantitative studies onbehaviour-change. Since qualitative methodologies focus on the whole ofhuman experience and the meaning ascribed by individuals living theexperience, these methodologies permit broader understanding and deeperinsight into complex human behaviours such as food consumption thanwhat might be obtained from grossly measured quantitativeclassifications. Grounded theory was the qualitative methodology chosenfor this study because it allowed me to theorise about the rationale forconsumers' current food choices. Bread and Cereal consumption waschosen as an important staple food group in which to explore thisphenomenon. Thus, this research was designed to discover, understand,and theorise about the rationale for consumers' current Bread and Cerealfood choices. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with22 participants living in South-East Queensland. Adult males and femalesfrom three-generational families of varying ethnicity were recruited frommy personal network of associates. Interviews were analysed usinggrounded theory methodology for data analysis. The resulting Grounded Substantive Theory of Food Autonomy posits thatconsumers have different levels of power when it comes to selecting theBreads and Cereals they want to eat and that their power to choose themis governed by micro- and macroenvironmental forces.Microenvironmental forces envelop sociofamilial powers such as parents,partner, and offspring whereas macroenvironmental forces envelop thesociopolitical powers of the food industry, health professionals, andinstitutions. These forces influence a consumer's capacity to select theBreads and Cereals they want to eat. Consumers engage in the process ofinformation gathering in order to overcome these prevailing influences. The significance of the Grounded Substantive Theory of Food Autonomy asa means for explaining how consumers acquire food autonomy fromprevailing influences in order to eat the Breads and Cereals they desirehas important implications for public health nutrition education andpractice. An understanding of the life long nature underpinning a person'sfood behaviour will help nutrition and dietetic professionals understandbetter the range of change that is likely to be possible, and the best waysto facilitate food autonomy through appropriate education and compatibledietary interventions. Autonomy is not a new concept but when associatedwith food it introduces the public health professional to a paradoxicalperspective for studying consumers' food behaviour, which has beencustomarily looked at via the decision making process of food choice andbehaviour-change theories with adiaphorous effects.

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26

Brown, Rosemarie Ann. "Food Autonomy: The Paradox to Cereal-Based Food Choice." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16103/.

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Анотація:

Certain aspects of our modern diet have been implicated in thedevelopment of non-communicable diseases. For instance, energyconsumed in excess of an individual's physiological requirements maylead to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes mellitus, gall bladder disease,coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and possibly some cancers.Although many of these diet-related diseases can be controlled by modernmedicine, they cannot be cured. Instead, prevention through public healthstrategies is the only satisfactory solution. One of the major strategies forprevention of diet-related diseases in Australia is to modify the nationaldiet (Rogers 1987). In April 1979, the Commonwealth Department of Health responded to theWorld Health Organisation's call for the development of national food andnutrition polices by proposing the Dietary Guidelines for Australians. "TheDietary Guidelines for Australians provide advice to the general populationabout healthy food choices, so that their usual diet contributes to ahealthy life-style and is consistent with minimal risk for the developmentof diet-related diseases" (National Health and Medical Research Council1992:ix). However, in order to achieve the aim of the dietary guidelines,supporting educational programs are required. This is because it isbelieved that as consumers become more informed about food, nutrition,health, and the dietary guidelines, they are more likely to begin changingtheir diet in the directions recommended by the CommonwealthDepartment of Health and Family Services (1998a). Public health professionals believe that behaviour-change theories arebeneficial in gaining an understanding of the evolution of peoples' foodand nutrition behaviours. Behaviour-change theories are typicallyintegrated into dietary interventions as a means of educating theAustralian population about healthy food choices. However, attempts tochange Australians' food and nutrition behaviours by applying behaviour-change theories have been adiaphorous. Therefore, public health professionals need to explore traditional food and nutrition practices inorder to determine more effective dietary change strategies for the Australian population. Qualitative research is complementary to existing quantitative studies onbehaviour-change. Since qualitative methodologies focus on the whole ofhuman experience and the meaning ascribed by individuals living theexperience, these methodologies permit broader understanding and deeperinsight into complex human behaviours such as food consumption thanwhat might be obtained from grossly measured quantitativeclassifications. Grounded theory was the qualitative methodology chosenfor this study because it allowed me to theorise about the rationale forconsumers' current food choices. Bread and Cereal consumption waschosen as an important staple food group in which to explore thisphenomenon. Thus, this research was designed to discover, understand,and theorise about the rationale for consumers' current Bread and Cerealfood choices. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with22 participants living in South-East Queensland. Adult males and femalesfrom three-generational families of varying ethnicity were recruited frommy personal network of associates. Interviews were analysed usinggrounded theory methodology for data analysis. The resulting Grounded Substantive Theory of Food Autonomy posits thatconsumers have different levels of power when it comes to selecting theBreads and Cereals they want to eat and that their power to choose themis governed by micro- and macroenvironmental forces.Microenvironmental forces envelop sociofamilial powers such as parents,partner, and offspring whereas macroenvironmental forces envelop thesociopolitical powers of the food industry, health professionals, andinstitutions. These forces influence a consumer's capacity to select theBreads and Cereals they want to eat. Consumers engage in the process ofinformation gathering in order to overcome these prevailing influences. The significance of the Grounded Substantive Theory of Food Autonomy asa means for explaining how consumers acquire food autonomy fromprevailing influences in order to eat the Breads and Cereals they desirehas important implications for public health nutrition education andpractice. An understanding of the life long nature underpinning a person'sfood behaviour will help nutrition and dietetic professionals understandbetter the range of change that is likely to be possible, and the best waysto facilitate food autonomy through appropriate education and compatibledietary interventions. Autonomy is not a new concept but when associatedwith food it introduces the public health professional to a paradoxicalperspective for studying consumers' food behaviour, which has beencustomarily looked at via the decision making process of food choice andbehaviour-change theories with adiaphorous effects.

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Rivera, Stacie Marie. "Understanding the Impact of Choice Claims in Health Policy Among Veteran Patients." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7728.

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The patient-as-consumer has emerged as a narrative in the government health care system that cares for beneficiary veteran patients, elevating the phenomenon of choice in health care legislation and administration. The problem of the submerged state of a health policy was the issue examined within the context of access to health care and what patients experience when choice is present. The purpose of this study was to explore the motivations of beneficiary veteran patients to choose a preventive care option, a seasonal flu shot, at a private sector retail pharmacy rather than at their government health care provider, with the goal of understanding what social marketing strategies supported their decisions, how they defined choice, and what they expected from their choice option. Research questions focused on reasons for patients’ decisions to choose outside preventive care within the context of a social marketing campaign and their interpretation of choice in health care policy. Drawing on the policy feedback theory, an interpretative phenomenological approach was employed. Purposive semistructured interviews of 7 patients were conducted. Data were analyzed using a 3 step process that included descriptive theme-centered coding, emergent sub-coding, and a clustered coding analysis. Two key themes emerged: first, choice in health care policy is relative to a patient’s individual circumstance, and in order to have choice, one must have options; and second, veterans value their earned health care benefits and trust their government provider. Implications for social change include policy maker awareness of the importance of social marketing as a tool for communicating a health policy and legislation so they can make more informed decisions and veterans can feel empowered as patients.

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28

Waterhouse, Jennifer Marie. "Changing the Culture of Technically Oriented Public Sector Organisations: Transformation, Sedimentation or Hybridisation?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15886/3/Jennifer_Waterhouse_Thesis.pdf.

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Over the last two decades the public sector has been the target of significant change driven primarily by advocates of public choice theory who argue that the public sector is too large and inefficient. Changes, grouped under the banner of New Public Management, have therefore been aimed at achieving greater financial accountability through the adoption of private sector management techniques and the opening up to competition of monopolistic government supplied services. Recent reappraisals of these changes have suggested that they have failed to adequately address issues of social justice. It has therefore been proposed that public sector organisations now need to consider more egalitarian methods of service delivery through greater public consultation and involvement in decision making processes. Studies over the last 20 years in the public sector have tended to concentrate on change aimed at achieving New Public Management outcomes. This study adds to theory of culture and culture change in public sector organisations through exploring a change purposefully enacted to enable an organisation to meet both economic rationalist and egalitarian objectives. The primary aim of this thesis is to explore a planned process of cultural change within a technically oriented, public sector organisation to determine the processes used to undertake such change, the resulting outcomes and why these outcomes occur. A case study was used to investigate these areas. The study was longitudinal and used a combination of methods including focus groups, interviews, non-participant observation and document analysis. Historical data was first obtained to form a base from which to examine the process of planned change over a two year period. This method allowed consideration of the impact of contextual changes on the planned process that resulted in some unintended consequences in regard to how change was being driven. The findings conclude that models of planned change that include mechanisms through which diversity is encouraged may provide arenas through which conflict can act as a positive dynamic for change. The outcome of the planned change evidences how a purposefully created hybrid organisational form may be capable of addressing the sometimes conflicting goals of economic rationalism and citizenship participation.

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29

Waterhouse, Jennifer Marie. "Changing the Culture of Technically Oriented Public Sector Organisations: Transformation, Sedimentation or Hybridisation?" Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15886/.

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Over the last two decades the public sector has been the target of significant change driven primarily by advocates of public choice theory who argue that the public sector is too large and inefficient. Changes, grouped under the banner of New Public Management, have therefore been aimed at achieving greater financial accountability through the adoption of private sector management techniques and the opening up to competition of monopolistic government supplied services. Recent reappraisals of these changes have suggested that they have failed to adequately address issues of social justice. It has therefore been proposed that public sector organisations now need to consider more egalitarian methods of service delivery through greater public consultation and involvement in decision making processes. Studies over the last 20 years in the public sector have tended to concentrate on change aimed at achieving New Public Management outcomes. This study adds to theory of culture and culture change in public sector organisations through exploring a change purposefully enacted to enable an organisation to meet both economic rationalist and egalitarian objectives. The primary aim of this thesis is to explore a planned process of cultural change within a technically oriented, public sector organisation to determine the processes used to undertake such change, the resulting outcomes and why these outcomes occur. A case study was used to investigate these areas. The study was longitudinal and used a combination of methods including focus groups, interviews, non-participant observation and document analysis. Historical data was first obtained to form a base from which to examine the process of planned change over a two year period. This method allowed consideration of the impact of contextual changes on the planned process that resulted in some unintended consequences in regard to how change was being driven. The findings conclude that models of planned change that include mechanisms through which diversity is encouraged may provide arenas through which conflict can act as a positive dynamic for change. The outcome of the planned change evidences how a purposefully created hybrid organisational form may be capable of addressing the sometimes conflicting goals of economic rationalism and citizenship participation.

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30

Overton, Michael R. "Explaining Economic Development Strategies Using Product Differentiation Theory: a Reconceptualization of Competition Among City Governments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801942/.

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Local governments do not operate in a vacuum. Instead, they are part of a complex “polycentric” system of governments where politically autonomous and self-ruled cities compete with one another over taxable wealth. Missing from the scholarship on metropolitan governance is an understanding of the factors driving competition among local governments. The purpose of this dissertation is to fill this gap by examining how interjurisdictional competition over economic development impacts a city’s choice of strategies for attracting business and residential investment and how those strategies affect revenue collection. First, this dissertation examines whether cities, knowing the economic development strategies of their neighboring cities, pursue similar types of businesses? Or do cities strategically target different types of businesses as a way to avoid the negative consequences of competition? Second, this dissertation explores what impact the decision to pursue similar or dissimilar businesses has on the revenue collection of local governments. Using spatial data analysis to analyze a sample of 2,299 cities, this dissertation finds general support for both theoretical frameworks presented. Overall, the findings from both analyses provide unique insights into metropolitan governance and interjurisdictional competition.

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31

Doaks, Synthia. "An Analysis of Race and Gender in Select Choice Programs Within Brevard County Public Schools." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6266.

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The focus of this research was to compare the student membership population proportions, by race and gender, of Brevard County Public School students with the actual participation in select choice programs offered to Brevard County public high school students. This study was based on an analysis of the scores of 1,152 eighth-grade students who received a score of 4 or 5 on the 2008 Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) mathematics and a score of 4 or 5 on the 2008 Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) reading and their participation in high school advanced academic courses. The advanced academic choice programs selected for this study consisted of the four Florida articulated accelerated college credit seeking programs: Advanced Placement (AP), Dual-Enrollment (DE), International Baccalaureate&"174; (IB) Diploma Programme, and the Cambridge Advanced International Certificate of Education (AICE). The proportion comparison consisted of student membership data and eighth-grade FCAT scores from 2007-2008 and the student membership data and high school course load data from the 2008-2009, 2009-2010, 2010-2011, and 2011-2012 academic school years. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests were run to analyze the proportions by race and gender of the sample groups and student membership populations. For each respective year involved in this study, there was a statistically significant difference in the race and gender proportions of the samples and the student membership populations.
Ed.D.
Doctorate
Teaching, Learning and Leadership
Education and Human Performance
Educational Leadership; Executive Track

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32

Reid, Roxroy Anthony. "Improving the Experiences of Informal and Formal Alzheimer's Disease and Dementias Caregivers." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1209.

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Informal and formal caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) encounter a more difficult and unique set of challenges than do caregivers of individuals with general disabilities. If adequate caregiver supports are not provided, caregivers may experience increased strain as the disease progresses, increasing the likelihood of unnecessary institutionalization of their care recipients and increasing the cost to the public. Using rational choice theory and political systems theory, the purpose of this study was to differentiate between the phenomenological experiences of formal and informal caregivers of ADRD patients. The overall research was a qualitative design that used semi-structured interviews to collect data from 5 formal and 5 informal caregivers who were recommended by the local Alzheimer's association chapter. Data were analyzed using direct content analysis of recurrent themes including how policymakers might respond to needs for respite, support, and more resources. Research findings suggested more education is needed about the disease and how best to give care for both formal and informal ADRD caregivers. Furthermore, distinctions between formal caregivers and informal family caregivers and their care recipients were identified, and these details should be noted by policymakers. Informal ADRD caregivers would benefit more from the research findings. Particular benefits would include financial supports, additional funding for caregiver respites, more education, and better care methods for ADRD care recipients. These recipients are rapidly growing in numbers and pose unique 21st century socioeconomic challenges to informal caregivers.

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33

Williams, Esther Lynette. "My Kids Will Never Go to (Urban) Public Schools: A Study of the African-American Middle Class’ Abandonment of Urban Public Schools." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1185292256.

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34

Lofthouse, Jordan K. "How Good Intentions Backfire: Failures and Negative Consequences of Federal Environment Policies." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4746.

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For the past 50 years, Americans have turned to the federal government to solve pressing environmental problems like air and water pollution and climate change. Major environmental policies have helped improve environmental quality to varying degrees, but these policies also have resulted in negative consequences, such as high costs, inefficiency, violations of property rights, or environmental degradation. By applying public choice theory to the evolution of federal environmental policies, we can understand how negative consequences have arisen from seemingly good intentions. Public choice theory rejects the romantic notion that government officials work solely for the public good. Legislators and bureaucrats are rationally self-interested individuals who try to make themselves better off, like all people. Because legislators are interested in reelection and maximizing their power, they respond to special interest groups and lobbyists who can benefit them. Legislators often codify special benefits for certain companies or industries within environmental legislation and choose winners and losers, regardless of the economic or environmental outcomes. Environmental policies distort markets, altering the price signals that communicate what people value and imposing higher costs on taxpayers and consumers. Legislators often write environmental laws vaguely, giving bureaucrats wide discretion on how to implement the laws. Bureaucrats often write environmental regulations quickly and without scientific evidence or limited economic considerations, making many of the regulations costly and ineffective in many cases. The number of regulations also grows each year, raising compliance costs while the marginal benefit of these regulations continues to decline. Major federal environmental policies have had negative consequences, but experts have debated whether these outcomes were or were not intentional. Key politicians and bureaucrats may want to keep the current flawed laws in place because either they or their friends benefit from the status quo. Regardless of the intentionality or unintentionality of these negative consequences, large-scale federal environmental policies have provided decades of evidence that even the most nobly intended laws have significant drawbacks of which the public should be aware.

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35

Doškářová, Barbora. "Vliv ideologie vládního uskupení na strukturu státního rozpočtu ČR v letech 1993 - 2014." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201972.

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This diploma thesis deals with analysis of revenues and expenditures of state budget in the Czech Republic and investigate whether in the Czech Republic since its formation apply traditional theories and opinions regarding state revenues and expenditures or there is already almost no differences between the traditional right- and left-wing policy and populist politics that is not based on ideological grounds plays the primary role. In the theoretical part there is presented the basic theory in the area of ideology as the basis for following analysis of Czech political scene and Public choice theory as the basis for an economic analysis of political decision-making. Subsequently, this section also explains the basic theoretical knowledge of the state budget and understanding budgetary policy from the perspective of two most important ideologies, right- and left-wing. In the analytical part certain data about revenues and expenditures of the state budget variables are analyzed using a two-tailed Wilcoxon test which tests the equality of the medians of the selection group. Diploma thesis confirmed that the erasure of differences between right- and left-wing in budgetary policy in the Czech Republic are insignificant and since its formation still hold traditional views and theories about state revenues and expenditures.

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36

Alieu, Sanyang Famara. "Are patient satisfaction surveys tools for quality improvement or mere symbolism? : The case of Østfold Hospital Trust in Norway." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3240.

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In 1997 and 2002 the Østfold Hospital Trust conducted patient satisfaction surveys. This study presented the results of the 2002 survey and compares them with the 1997 results. This is done to ascertain if there are any changes with regards to the dimensions the hospital scored poorly on in 1997. The purpose of this study is to find out if the patient satisfaction survey conducted at the Østfold Hospital Trust in 1997 was a serious attempt to improve the quality of the health care provided or only a symbolic act. The concepts of innovation, rational choice and institutional theory were used as spectacles to analyse how the Østfold Hospital Trust acted on the results of the 1997 patient satisfaction survey. The choice of study design is not an "either / or" situation between the quantitative and qualitative approach, since both methods can strengthen each other. This study has therefore employed a form of methodological triangulation. The finding of the study showed that the Østfold Hospital Trust can be termed as innovative, when they implemented the patient satisfaction survey in 1997. This because there was no coercive forces from the hospital owners to implement such surveys. There were only signals in the form of strategy documents. In spite of the hospitals innovative action in implementing the non-mandatory survey in 1997, the hospital leadership did not use the results to improve quality. Based on the findings, the study can conclude that the implementation of the patient satisfaction survey in 1997 was more symbolic, rather than a quality improvement act. Looking further than 1997, it’s important to remark that the hospital leadership resolved a number measures to improve quality, based on the 2002 patient survey. At the time of writing the issue of patient feedback as a quality improvement tool is high on the agenda at the Østfold Hospital Trust. The development point in the direction of a paradigm shift
I 1997 og 2002 gjennomførte Sykehuset Østfold to pasienttilfredshetsundersøkelser. Dette studiet har presentert resultatet av undersøkelsen fra 2002 og sammenlignet det med resultatet fra 1997. Dette for å se om det er forskjell på dimensjonene sykehuset har scoret dårlig på i de to forskjellige undersøkelsene. Hensikten med studiet er å undersøke om pasienttilfredshetsundersøkelsen gjennomført ved Sykehuset Østfold i 1997 var et kvalitetsforbedringstiltak eller en symbolskhandling. Fra organisasjonsteori ble begreper som innovasjon, ”Rational Choice” og institusjonsteori brukt som briller for å analysere det som har skjedd. Valg av metode var ikke en enten eller situasjon i forhold til kvantitativ eller kvalitativ metode, siden metodene kan styrke hverandre. Studiet legger vekt på metodetriangulering Funnene fra studiet har vist at Sykehuset Østfold kan betegnes som en innovativ organisasjon da organisasjonen gjennomførte undersøkelsen i 1997. Dette fordi det ikke var krav fra omgivelsene for å gjennomføre undersøkelsen, kun signaler i form av strategidokumenter fra sentrale myndigheter. Selv om organisasjonen er innovativ hva gjelder initiering og implementering av pasienttilfredshetsundersøkelsen, har sykehusledelsen ikke brukt resultatet til kvalitetsforbedringstiltak. Ut fra funnene kan studiet konkludere med at gjennomføringen av pasienttilfredsundersøkelsen i 1997 var mer preget av en symbolskhandling enn et kvalitetsforbedringstiltak.Ser en utover 1997 er det viktig å nevne at sykehusledelsen har vedtatt flere kvalitetsforbedringstiltak basert på undersøkelsen fra 2002. Akkurat nå er pasienttilfredshetsundersøkelser som kvalitetsforbedringstiltak satt høyt på dagsorden av sykehusledelsen. Utviklingen kan betegnes som et paradigmeskifte

ISBN 91-7997-135-0

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37

Baldissera, Juliano Francisco. "Determinantes da transparência pública: um estudo em municípios brasileiros sob a ótica da teoria da escolha pública." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3805.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Transparency is a challenge for the current and future reform of public administration. Transparency increases resource allocation efficiency, reduces problems between principal and agent, and discourages rent-seeking activities. Considering the theoretical assumptions of the Theory of Public Choice, man is a utility maximizer, selfish and rational, which would explain his actions against public management. This research aims to analyze the influence of socioeconomic, financial-budgetary and political factors on the index of active transparency and passive transparency of Brazilian municipalities. To do so, this research is a quantitative study, in which 3,550 Brazilian municipalities were selected, in which socioeconomic, financial-budgetary and political information were obtained. We used the multivariate analysis technique, more specifically the multiple linear regression method using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method, with cross-section data. The results show that population size captures the complexity of public administration and government, which justifies the fact that in these municipalities they are more likely to adopt e-government activities, so they are more transparent. The positive variation in municipal per capita income and education levels positively impacts the variation in the level of transparency. Brazilian geographical regions add different socioeconomic characteristics, which justifies being shown as a determinant of the level of transparency. Financial condition and municipal debt are associated with financial credibility and the government's ability to meet its payment commitments, so public managers are encouraged to disclose information as a mechanism to allow their actions to be monitored. Intergovernmental transfers have been shown to exert a negative influence on public transparency, since in Brazil, there are many resources that are transferred without a pre-defined condition or expense, causing flypaper effect. Policymakers engage in meaningful investment projects, and use transparency so that citizens can visualize this type of information. Political competition increases the care of the manager, so the same must justify and give more transparency of their actions. The right-wing political ideology and party coalition with the governor demonstrate that these aspects influence the level of transparency, which suggests that political and ideological stability and alignment justify the actions of public managers. Finally, managers in the first electoral mandate exert a negative influence on the level of transparency, since they are less experienced and do not want to show in this direction to show their inefficiencies.
A transparência se mostra como um desafio para a reforma atual e futura da administração pública. A transparência aumenta a eficiência na alocação de recursos, reduz problemas entre o principal e o agente e desencoraja atividades de rent-seeking. Considerando os pressupostos teóricos da Teoria da Escolha Pública, o homem é um maximizador de utilidade, egoísta e racional, o que explicaria suas ações frente à gestão pública. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a influência dos fatores socioeconômicos, financeiros-orçamentários e políticos no índice de transparência ativa e de transparência passiva dos municípios brasileiros. Para tanto, essa pesquisa trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, em que foram selecionados 3.550 municípios brasileiros, sendo obtidas informações socioeconômicas, financeiras-orçamentárias e políticas. Utilizou-se da técnica de análise multivariada, mais especificamente o método de regressão linear múltipla por meio do método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO), com dados de seção transversal (cross-section). Os resultados demonstram que o tamanho populacional capta a complexidade da administração pública e do governo, o que justifica o fato de que, nesses municípios, esses são mais propensos a adotarem atividades do governo eletrônico, por isso se mostram mais transparentes. A variação positiva nos níveis de renda per capita municipal e de educação impacta positivamente a variação no nível de transparência. As regiões geográficas brasileiras agregam diferentes características socioeconômicas, o que justifica se mostrarem como um determinante do nível de transparência. A condição financeira e a dívida municipal estão associadas à credibilidade financeira e à capacidade do governo de atender a seus compromissos de pagamento, por isso os gestores públicos são encorajados a divulgarem informações como um mecanismo para permitir que suas ações sejam monitoradas. As transferências intergovernamentais demonstraram exercer influência negativa sobre a transparência pública, uma vez que, no Brasil, existem muitos recursos que são transferidos sem uma condição ou gasto pré-definido, ocasionando o flypaper effect. Os policymakers se envolvem em projetos de investimento significativos e utilizam a transparência para que os cidadãos possam visualizar esse tipo de informação. A competição política aumenta o cuidado do gestor, por isso esse precisa justificar e dar mais transparência de suas ações. A ideologia política de direita e a coligação partidária com o governador demonstram que esses aspectos influenciam o nível de transparência, o que sugere que a estabilidade e o alinhamento político e ideológico justifiquem as ações dos gestores públicos. Por fim, gestores no primeiro mandato eleitoral exercem influência negativa sobre o nível de transparência, uma vez que se mostram menos experientes e não querem transparecer nesse sentido para mostrarem as suas ineficiências.

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38

Simonsson, Thomas. "States’ defense policy formation : A study of Sweden in front of the election 2014 from a rational choice perspective." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, Statsvetenskapliga avdelningen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-5434.

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This study uses variables derived from Rational Choice Theory to examine the theory’s predicted covariancebetween public opinion and the parties’ policies. The collection of material has been guided by three arenas: the parliamentarian, the media and the voter’s. It has categorized the analysis based on the strategy concept, using ends, means and ways. It asks how the Moderate Party and the Social Democratic Party changed their strategy within the period of 31 May 2013 and 14 September 2014, and how this can be understood from a rational choice perspective. The purpose of the study is to examine the assumptions of Rational Choice Theory in the Swedish context in front of the election in 2014, and to understand this from the perspective of the theory. This can help in our understanding of defense policy formation and to our understanding of states’ relations on the international arena. The results show that there has been a more ambitious change in defense policy which covariates with the indicated positive change in public opinion on defense issues, but this did not make defense issues one of the 2014 election’s most important questions for the voters in choice of party to vote for. This can be understood as rational, seen from a RCT-perspective, since the other issues renders more support, a circumstance that is in line with the history of Swedish elections.

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39

Bernabel, Rodolpho Talaisys. "Teoria da escolha pública: uma introdução crítica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-23112009-124613/.

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Reconstruímos a Teoria da Escolha Pública explicitando seus pressupostos sobre a natureza do objeto, do conhecimento e dos valores e sua lógica de operação, ou seja, seu método de solução de problemas. Mostramos com essa teoria que podemos entender a política como um processo de pacificação pela troca, em vez de um processo de pacificação pelo poder. Temos então novas respostas para as perguntas fundamentais da Ciência Política: Como é possível emergir a cooperação pacífica e legítima entre indivíduos? Qual é a maneira de fazer com que diferentes interesses individuais sejam reconciliados? A Teoria sugere que a política pode ser um jogo de soma positiva, evitando deseconomias constitucionais, guiando-se pelo princípio da unanimidade. Mostraremos então os desenhos constitucionais como ambientes de interação entre indivíduos e poderemos predizer que regras engendrarão cooperação ou competição.
We do a reconstruction of the Public Choice Theory explaining their assumptions about the nature of the object, knowledge and values and logic of their operation, i.e. its method of solution of problems. We show that with this theory we can understand the politics as a process of pacification through trade-offs, instead of a peace process by means of power. Proceeding in this way we obtain new answers to fundamental questions of Political Science: How can emerge a peaceful and legitimate cooperation among individuals? What is the way to conciliate different individual interests? The theory suggests that politics can be a positive-sum game, avoiding constitutional diseconomies, and must be guided by the principle of unanimity. Then we show how the constitutional designs as interaction environments for individuals and so can predict what rules make cooperation or competition.

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40

Williams, Mutryce. "A Whole Community Approach to Emergency Management for the United States Virgin Islands." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2591.

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Public-private partnerships in emergency management are widely encouraged in the academic literature, yet the government of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) tends to view collaboration from the private sector as an impediment to good policy. This occurs in spite of the island nation's geography that makes it susceptible to natural and human caused disasters. The purpose of this correlational study was to use public choice theory to explore, from the perspective of potential private sector collaborators, whether sufficient support exists in the private sector to support the USVI government in emergency management efforts. A modified version of the Mulhearn Sustainability and Community Collaboration Survey was distributed to business owners (n = 156). These data were used to determine whether a statistically significant relationship between USVI preparedness and collaborative governance exists. The results of the linear regression were significant, (p < .001) and suggest private sector company owners believe that collaborative governance can increase USVI preparedness. The recommendation is that the USVI government and the Virgin Islands Territorial Emergency Management Agency involve the private sector in the planning, operations, and logistics of emergency management to prepare for any emergency such as natural disaster or terrorist action. The positive social change implication is based on the recommendation to the USVI government that the private sector be more involved in the planning, operations, and logistics of emergency management, thereby potentially improving emergency response in the event of a catastrophic event.

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41

Joska, Jan. "Politický cyklus v období hospodářské krize." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71754.

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The diploma thesis analyzes, whether became in the case of the development of real GDP, inflation and unemployment in the Czech Republic and the USA to systematic influence these macroeconomic indicators of the ruling parties and their political orientation. The work is focused on the period from the beginning of the 1990's of 20th century to the present, with an emphasis on the pre-crisis and crisis periods of the current economic crisis. Tested are two fundamental theoretical concepts. The first one is a model of opportunistic theories of the business cycle, then the second one, the model of the ideological theory of the economic cycle. The work also analyzes whether there was in these two states deliberate influencing of government expenditure in electoral periods in order to increase the chances of government politicians for re-election. The work also explores the similarities and differences of the pre-crisis and crisis periods of the current economic crisis to the great depression of the 1930's of 20th century.

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42

Eckard, Nathalie. "Captureteorin : Regleringar och konsten att fånga politiska beslut i den demokratiska processen tillämpad på den svenska läkemedelsmarknaden." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1773.

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The Capturetheory wants to give an alternative explanation for the need of regulation. From this point if view the government does not have enough information to make an optimal regulation. There is a possibility for different interest groups to take advantage of the political arena by rent- seeking behaviour. An industry may be willing to be regulated to protect itself from competition. The objective of this paper is to account for the pros and cons of the theory of regulatory capture and also if it can be applied to the Swedish market of pharmaceuticals. The theory of regulatory capture is first and foremost a theory of the motives behind regulation. The Swedish market for pharmaceuticals has been analysed by looking into the underlying force of both the pharmaceutical industry and that of the State. There is room for the regulatory agencies to be captured by the industry because of the information provided to them by the industry. The concluding findings show that the Capture theory can applied to the Swedish market for pharmaceuticals.

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43

Lauchs, Mark Adam. "Rational avoidance of accountability by Queensland governments." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16368/1/Mark_Lauchs_Thesis.pdf.

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Anthony Downs public choice theory proposes that every rational person would try to meet their own desires in preference to those of others, and that such rational persons would attempt to obtain these desires in the most efficient manner possible. This thesis submits that the application of this theory would mean that public servants and politicians would perform acts of corruption and maladministration in order to efficiently meet their desires. As such action is unavoidable, political parties must appear to meet the public demand for accountability systems, but must not make these systems viable lest they expose the corruption and maladministration that would threaten the government’s chance or re-election. The thesis demonstrates this hypothesis through a study of the history of the public sector in Queensland. It shows that all governments have displayed a commitment for accountability whilst simultaneously ensuring the systems would not be able to interfere with government control or expose its flaws.

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44

Lauchs, Mark Adam. "Rational avoidance of accountability by Queensland governments." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16368/.

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Анотація:

Anthony Downs public choice theory proposes that every rational person would try to meet their own desires in preference to those of others, and that such rational persons would attempt to obtain these desires in the most efficient manner possible. This thesis submits that the application of this theory would mean that public servants and politicians would perform acts of corruption and maladministration in order to efficiently meet their desires. As such action is unavoidable, political parties must appear to meet the public demand for accountability systems, but must not make these systems viable lest they expose the corruption and maladministration that would threaten the government’s chance or re-election. The thesis demonstrates this hypothesis through a study of the history of the public sector in Queensland. It shows that all governments have displayed a commitment for accountability whilst simultaneously ensuring the systems would not be able to interfere with government control or expose its flaws.

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45

Kamler, Barbara, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "Gender and Genre: A Case Study of a Girl and a Boy Learning to Write." Deakin University. School of Education, 1990. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20041214.164647.

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This study addresses questions of gender and genre in early writing by drawing on systemic linguistic theory, It is a longitudinal case study that compares the writing development of two children, a boy and a girl/ who learned to write in classrooms that adopted an approach to writing known in Australia as 'process writing1, The children's written texts were analysed using the systemic functional grammar as developed by MAK, Hallidey and the models of genre and register as proposed by J,R, Martin. The children were followed for the first two and a half years of their schooling, from the first day of kindergarten to the middle of grade two. They were observed weekly during the daily writing time and all texts were collected. Although the children were ostensibly 'free to determine both the writing topics and text types they produced, systemic analysis revealed that: 1) the majority of texts written were of one genre, the Observation genre, in which the children reconstructed their personal experience with family and friends and offered an evaluation of it. 2) a significant pattern of gender differences occurred within this genre, such that the boy reconstructed experience in terms of the male cultural stereotype of being an active participant in the world, while the girl reconstructed experience in terms of the female stereotype of being a more passive observer of experience. It is the strength of systemic linguistic analysis that it revealed how the choices the children made in language were constrained by a number of social and cultural contexts, including: a) the teacher's theoretical orientation to literacy; b) the models of spoken and written language available to the children; and c) the ideology of gender in the culture. In particular, the analysis made visible how children appropriate the meanings of their culture and socialise themselves into gender roles by constructing the ideology of gender in their writing. The study contributes to an understanding of genres by offering a revised description of the Observation genre, which derives from the Observation Comment genre originally identified by Martin and Rothery (1981). It also raises a number of implications for teacher training and classroom practice, including the need for: 1) increased teacher consciousness about gender and genre, especially an understanding that choices in language are socially constructed 2) a critical reassessment of the notion of 'free topic choice promoted by 'process writing' pedagogy, a practice which may limit choice and tacitly support the gender status quo.

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46

Hylton, LeQuan M. "PERCEPTIONS OF THE HOMELESS TOWARD NONPROFIT HUMAN SERVICE PROVIDER." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4280.

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As the debate intensifies regarding developing remedies to meet the needs of America’s homeless, one solution is for governmental agencies to collaborate with and employ organizations from the nonprofit sector to assist with the needs of the homeless population. Included in the nonprofit sector, faith-based organizations (FBOs) have historically been a source of debate and contention in terms of collaborations with the government. However, Presidents Reagan, George H. Bush, Clinton, George W. Bush, and Obama have embraced the idea of including FBOs in the pool of service providers offering human services. In the Richmond, Virginia region, FBOs and nonreligious nonprofit organizations provide a range of human services to a substantial population of homeless clients. Yet, whether the homeless population prefers services offered by FBOs versus nonreligious nonprofits in general and for specific categories of service is unknown. These specific categories of service include alcohol treatment and recovery, counseling, drug treatment and recovery, food pantries, health care, job training and placement, short-term and long-term shelter, and meal sites. In addition, this study seeks to identify models using variables from this study that predict the preference for each category of service. Since homeless clients overall and specific human service preferences are an unknown, the importance of this study is to inform policymakers, those in the nonprofit sector, researchers, and other interested parties of these preferences. A study of this nature is also important to compare policy implementation to the preferences of the homeless to ensure the implementation accounts for principles of social equity. In addition, a study of this nature seeks to fill a literature gap by examining and understanding the intersections of demographic characteristics and preferences. Using the cohort and the rational choice theories, this study examines the preferences of homeless individuals for particular types of service providers.

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47

Ochoa, Hernandez Rolando. "Out of harm's way : understanding kidnapping in Mexico City." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b015aba-23ca-45e8-b2a1-70de89cd0c19.

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This dissertation analyses the survival strategies that wealthy people in Mexico City have designed and implemented to protect themselves from kidnapping with special focus on household employment relationships. This particular crime has demonstrated a particular evolution in the last 20 years that deserves analysis. Once a political crime, it became an economic crime that at first only targeted wealthy individuals and then over time began targeting working class victims. Based on extensive qualitative fieldwork in Mexico City which included a year in the field, 78 interviews with employers, employees, kidnapping victims and members of the police forces and justice system and the creation of a news reports database this thesis presents a detailed history of the evolution of kidnapping in the period 1968-2009. This is followed by an in depth analysis of the strategies elites use to protect themselves from this crime. Special attention is focused on the hiring process of household employees, namely drivers, as evidence suggests that most kidnappings are organized or facilitated in some way by a close collaborator of the victim. The hiring process is approached as a problem of trust. Signaling theory is the main framework used for the solving of this problem, as well as some ideas found in transaction cost economics, namely vertical integration. The results point towards strategic behavior from the actors involved that seeks to minimize the risk of being kidnapped for the employer. Signaling helps us uncover the specific mechanisms by which employer establish their prospective employees’ trustworthiness. The use of informal social networks made up of strong ties is one of the most salient mechanisms used to guarantee honest employees and this, together with a composite set of properties is signaled throughout. This thesis contributes to the literature on crime in Latin America as well as to the sociological literature on signaling, a branch of analytical sociology.

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48

Santos, Gislene Titon Fortes dos. "Governança em saúde na microrregião geográfica de Francisco Beltrão no olhar dos secretários municipais de saúde." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/4026.

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Submitted by Fabielle Cheuczuk (fabielle.cheuczuk@unioeste.br) on 2018-11-22T12:22:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 1 dissertação final. ....pdf: 915614 bytes, checksum: aefecb69db16660556f713bade58deb7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-22T12:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 1 dissertação final. ....pdf: 915614 bytes, checksum: aefecb69db16660556f713bade58deb7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-14
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The theme of health governance became important from the health pact in 2006 and with the requirement of the Unified Health System (SUS) to be organized regionally and hierarchically. Within a system where the demands are great and resources can not always meet this demand there is a need for agreement among the federated entities to ensure efficient and quality care that results in the optimization of available resources and user satisfaction of the system. Thus, health governance requires the municipal secretaries to be able to manage the resources and politics in an ethical, transparent and inclusive manner, in order to meet the doctrinal and organizational principles of SUS. The objective of this research is to know the perception of the municipal secretaries on the theme of health governance. This is a qualitative and descriptive research based on a sample of the municipal health secretaries that belong to the 8ª Regional of Health of Francisco Beltrão composed of 27 municipalities. We interviewed 19 municipal secretaries in the geographic microregion of Francisco Beltrão. Data collection was carried out through a semi - structured interview with 13 questions related to public health governance in the period from July to December 2017. After, the interview content analysis was transcribed and performed from the variables that responded to the objectives proposed in the research. The identified profile of the municipal health secretary is male (57,8%), with an average age of 48 years old, 63,15% don‘t have a higher education and the same percentage have already worked in the SUS. Of the interviewees, 57,85% did not know or did not comment on the type of SUS management in their municipalities, 21,05% reported practicing full management and 15,78% semi - full. All municipalities presented at least one indicator that is part of the practice of good governance, but there is no clear understanding of what health governance is. Participation in different instances, compliance with legislation, compliance with requests among other mechanisms, that are part of the governance is fulfilled due to the SUS requirement. It is concluded that, one of the central questions of this research is, was the understanding of the municipal health secretaries on the subject of health governance. Even present all the important elements for the implementation of health governance has identified that the municipal health secretaries still do not have clarity of the meaning of the concept of governance.
O tema governança em saúde tornou-se importante a partir do pacto da saúde, em 2006, e com a obrigatoriedade do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) ser organizado de forma regionalizada e hierarquizada. Dentro de um sistema em que as demandas são grandes e nem sempre os recursos podem atendê-las, existe a necessidade de pactuação entre os entes federados para garantia de um atendimento eficaz e de qualidade que resulte na otimização dos recursos disponíveis e na satisfação do usuário do sistema. Assim, a governança em saúde, exige dos secretários municipais de saúde habilidade e capacidade em administrar recursos e a política de forma ética, transparente e participativa com objetivo de atender os princípios doutrinários e organizativos do SUS. O objetivo desta pesquisa é conhecer a percepção dos secretários municipais de saúde sobre o tema da governança em saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo e descritivo a partir de uma amostra dos secretários municipais de saúde que pertencem a 8ª. Regional de Saúde de Francisco Beltrão, composta por 27 municípios. Foram entrevistados nesta pesquisa 19 secretários municipais pertencentes à microrregião geográfica de Francisco Beltrão. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada com 13 questões referentes à temática da governança em saúde pública no período de julho a dezembro de 2017. Após, a entrevista foi transcrita e realizada uma análise de conteúdo a partir das variáveis que respondam aos objetivos propostos na pesquisa. O perfil identificado do secretário municipal de saúde é do sexo masculino (57,8 %), idade média de 48 anos, 63,15% não possuem o ensino superior e o mesmo percentual já atuaram no SUS. Dos entrevistados 57,85% não souberam ou não opinaram sobre o tipo de gestão do SUS em seu município, 21,05% relatam exercer gestão plena e 15,78% semiplena. Todos os municípios apresentaram no mínimo um indicador que faz parte da prática de uma boa governança, mas não há uma compreensão clara do que é governança de saúde. A participação em diferentes instâncias, o cumprimento da legislação, o atendimento a solicitações entre outros mecanismos, que fazem parte da governança é cumprido devido à exigência do SUS. Concluise que, uma das questões centrais desta pesquisa foi o entendimento das secretarias municipais de saúde sobre a questão da governança em saúde. Mesmo apresentando todos os elementos importantes para a implementação da governança em saúde, identificou-se que os secretários municipais de saúde ainda não possuem clareza sobre o significado do conceito de governança.

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49

Hake, Mark Lewn. "Marijuana Legalization and Traffic Fatalities Involving Cannabinoids." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6330.

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Washington State and Colorado were the first states to legalize recreational marijuana. According to the Washington Traffic Safety Commission, the number of drivers who tested positive for marijuana in traffic fatalities increased 48% from 2013 to 2014, and marijuana legalization may have influenced this increase. Since marijuana legalization is new to the United States, the effects of this change in policy are untested in the literature. The purpose of this quantitative study using a regression point displacement design was to examine the relationship between traffic fatalities involving cannabinoids in Washington State before and after marijuana legalization. Rational choice theory and perceptual deterrence theory provided the framework for the study. Existing state level data of traffic fatalities from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System were analyzed using regression point displacement. Pre and post legalization Washington state fatalities were compared against 43 control groups where marijuana has not been legalized for recreational use. Results from ANCOVA analysis indicated no statistical difference between Washington State and other nonlegalized states in traffic fatalities involving cannabinoids. This is one of the first studies exploring the effects of marijuana legalization on public safety. These results suggest marijuana legalization may not contribute to the increase in traffic fatalities. Findings may provide legislators and traffic safety stakeholders with information in creating legislation legalizing marijuana as well as strategy and a research agenda to address traffic fatalities.

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50

Varela, Susana Paula Salvador. "Dez anos de despesa pública: uma análise às contas gerais do estado." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5173.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas Públicas
Nos últimos anos, mais vincadamente nos últimos dois anos, a situação económica de Portugal, tal como um pouco por toda a Europa, tem-se agravado. A actual conjuntura chega inclusive a ser comparada com a histórica crise económica de 1929 que teve início nos Estados Unidos e que se alastrou a todo o mundo. Com a entrada da Troika (Comissão Europeia, Fundo Monetário Internacional e Banco Central Europeu) no país, numa tentativa de sanear as contas públicas, são impostas medidas económicas que em muito têm dificultado a vida da população em geral. Mas até que ponto terá sido o Estado o principal causador da situação em que o país se encontra? De que forma tem evoluído a sua despesa? O presente trabalho visa analisar as contas públicas dos últimos dez anos (2001-2010), avaliando se a despesa nos diversos Ministérios aumentou comparativamente à taxa de inflação e, em caso afirmativo, em que Ministérios se verificaram esses aumentos. Para a realização deste estudo recorremos à análise documental das Contas Gerais do Estado de 2001 a 2010, bem como a dados estatísticos publicados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Deste estudo concluiu-se que, em termos gerais, a despesa pública, quando cruzada com os indicadores em análise, tem vindo a crescer a um ritmo bastante acentuado, o que contribuiu para a actual situação económica do país.
In the last years, more precisely in the last two years, Portugal’s economic situation, as well all over the Europe, has aggravated. The current economic setting is in fact compared with the historical worldwide crises of 1929 that started in United States of America and spread a bit all over the world. With the arrival of Troika (European Commission, International Monetary Fund and Central European Bank), at our country, in an attempt to restructure public spending, there are imposed economical measures that have made harder the everyday life of all population. But was it really the State the main source of the economic situation? How has evolved its expenses? The present research analyses the public spending in the last ten years (2001-2010), evaluating if the expenses of ministries increased comparing to inflation rate, and if that it’s attested, in which ministries those increases occurred. For this study we analyzed the State Budgets from 2001 until 2010, as well as another statistics data published by Portuguese National Institute of Statistics. This study concluded that, generally, public expenses when compared with the statistics data analyzed, has been a very strong growing, which contributed to the current economic situation of the country.

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Дисертації з теми "Revisionist public choice theory"

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