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1
Borovin, Gennady Konstantinovich, and Veniamin Vadimovich Tkachuk. "About the works of modeling and designing a pump-turbine system in pumped-storage power plants (review)." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 9 (2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2022-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents an overview of research in the world on the design and creation of pumped hydroelectric energy storage with hydraulic machines having optimal characteristics according to the principle of operation of reversible pump turbines, optimization of their flow part. Special attention was paid to the work on the study of the operation of the hydraulic machine in pumping and turbine modes. As the study of publications has shown, active research is being conducted abroad on the design and creation of hydroelectric power plants with hydraulic machines having optimal characteristics. When designing hydraulic machines, various mathematical modeling systems are used. As international experience shows, the study of hydraulic machines and, in particular, the pump-turbine, using computational fluid dynamics tools, for example, CFD modeling is becoming increasingly widespread.
2
Tynyanova, Irina, Viktor Drankovskiy, Kseniya Rezvaya, and Оleksandr Kosorukov. "MODELING OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A REVERSIBLE HYDRAULIC MACHINE." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Hydraulic machines and hydraulic units, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2411-3441.2019.1.08.
Повний текст джерела
3
Ionov, Pavel A., Petr V. Senin, Sergey V. Pyanzov, Aleksey V. Stolyarov, and Alexander M. Zemskov. "Developing a Stand for Evaluating Technical Condition of Volumetric Hydraulic Drives with a Hydraulic Loading Device." Engineering Technologies and Systems 29, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 529–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.029.201904.529-545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The article deals with the development of a device for evaluating technical condition on of volumetric hydraulic drives made in Russia and abroad at repair and service centres. Materials and Methods. The study uses the statements of theoretical mechanics and hydrodynamics, the basic principles of mechanisms and machines production. For technical condition evaluating of volumetric hydraulic drives, the method of hydraulic loading of hydraulic motor was applied. Reliability of results was confirmed during experimental settings of the hydraulic loading device stand. Results. A stand design with the hydraulic loading device was developed and put into practice for new technical condition evaluating of volumetric hydraulic drives, made in Russia and abroad, at repair and service centres. A property of the stand is the use of the hydraulic loading method when the torque (braking) moment on the shaft of the tested hydraulic rotor is created using a hydraulic machine. The stand consists of data processing and measurement units. The data processing unit is based on a multifunctional data acquisition board connected with a personal computer. The structure of the data measurement unit includes a frequency converter connected to an electric motor, a drive shaft for connecting the shaft of the tested hydraulic pump; hydraulic system having a hydraulic tank; suction, control, drain, and discharge lines and reversible flow chokes installed in discharge lines and connected with the hydraulic pump and hydraulic rotor; loading device with the reversible hydraulic pump, drive shaft joined with the shaft of the tested hydraulic motor. Additionally, reversible throttle flow meters are connected via special ports and electric lines to the data acquisition board. The developed stand allows evaluating the technical condition of most widespread models of volumetric hydraulic drives used in modern agricultural and road construction equipment. The stand is characterized by good energy efficiency, simplicity of design, low costs, good technical characteristics that make it competitive. Discussion and Conclusion. The new stand design with the hydraulic loading device allows implementating of the dynamic testing methodology and guarantees high accuracy of evaluating the technical condition of the most widespread Russian and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives at repair and service centres. Further improvement of the evaluating the technical condition of volumetric hydraulic drives is related to the development of specialized software for processing and analysing test results in real-time.
4
Volkov, A. V., A. G. Parygin, A. A. Vikhlyantsev, and A. A. Druzhinin. "On optimization of flow passages of impellers of centrifugal pumps." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 11, no. 4 (January 21, 2019): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-4-311-318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The conventional solution for HAPPs is the use of reversible hydraulic machines operating both in the pump mode as well as in the turbine mode. At the same time, for example, a blade system of a hydraulic machine designed for the pumping mode has a high efficiency. However, in the turbine mode, the energy characteristics of such machine are far from optimal. Considering different patterns of micro- and mini-HAPPs (up to 100 kW) of modular design, it is most appropriate to use a pump and a turbine separately, since the efficiency of hydraulic machines is very important in the case of such low power. To date, approaches to the design of hydraulic turbines are quite developed and allow to achieve high energy performance [1, 2]. According to different data sources the level of axial turbine efficiency with power less than 100 kW is about 80÷91%. At the same time, for centrifugal pumps, especially those of low specific speed, the problem of increasing energy efficiency is very urgent. E.g., for pumps with a specific speed ns< 80 the efficiency level is usually 40 to 65%. The aim of the presented research is the development of methods of synthesis and optimization of the flow passages of centrifugal pumps using the approaches of the theory of optimal control and increasing energy performance of hydraulic machines. Various ways of local correction of geometry of flow passages are presented in the paper. As an alternative to empirical approaches, methods based on the control of the circulation distribution are considered in detail. Various mathematical dependences of the flow circulation on the coordinate of the point lying on the surface of the blade are analyzed. Possibilities of application of the theory of experiment planning in relation to the problems to be solved are considered.
5
Zamyslov, V. "Control of a reversible electric machine included in the vehicle suspension." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The relevance of the work is due to the constantly growing requirements for the ride comfort of automobiles. The purpose of the study is a rational choice and combination of principles for constructing an algorithm for controlling an electric machine, replacing a hydraulic damper in the design of a vehicle’s suspension system. The study of the behavior of suspension, depending on the applied control algorithms, was carried out by the method of mathematical modeling. In this work, the control of the suspension of one wheel was considered. The angular and longitudinal oscillations of the body were not the subject of this study. In this regard, the applied design scheme is two-mass. The positive and negative aspects of various principles for calculating the target force generated by an electric machine are considered, and an algorithm for calculating the magnetic flux and armature current of an electric machine necessary for the implementation of the target force under various conditions is developed. It is shown that the calculation of the target force should be based on a combination of several principles, since this allows significant expanding of the suspension operating conditions range.
6
Adamkowski, Adam, Waldemar Janicki, and Mariusz Lewandowski. "Measurements of Discharge through a Pump-Turbine in Both Flow Directions Using Volumetric Gauging and Pressure-Time Methods." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 4706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184706.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents the original procedures for measuring the flow rate using the pressure-time and the volumetric gauging method in the case of performance tests of a reversible hydraulic machine in either turbine or pump modes of operation. Achieving the lowest possible measurement uncertainty was one of the basic conditions during implemented machine tests. It was met using appropriate measuring procedures and high-class measuring equipment. Estimation of the uncertainty for both methods was made on the basis of an analysis consistent with current requirements in this respect. The pressure-time method was supplemented by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis that allowed reducing the impact of the pipeline complex irregular geometry on the uncertainty of flow measurement. Appropriate modifications of the calculation procedure enabled accurate measurements of flow during the pump mode of operation of the tested machine as well. The volumetric gauging method, thanks to a special procedure used for accurate measurement of the water level in the upper reservoir of the power plant, allowed measuring the discharge through the tested reversible machine with very low uncertainty. The obtained results allowed for a detailed comparison and mutual verification of the methods used to measure the discharge of the tested reversible machine in both modes of its operation. The most possible causes of obtained results are discussed and summarized in the paper. The need for further research was pointed out to explain the differences obtained and their influence on the accuracy of discharge measurement using the pressure-time method in pump operation mode.
7
Seleznev, V. N. "Numerical simulation of cavitation in the flow path of a reversible hydraulic machine for a head up to 250m." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 15, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/2074-0530-2021-50-4-43-48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In areas where thermal and nuclear power plants are mainly located, the problem of lack of maneuverable capacities, the coverage of peak loads and the passage of periods of reduced energy consumption is solved through the construction of large pumped storage power plants (PSPP). To create highly efficient flow paths for pump-turbines, one of the modern trends is the use of numerical modeling of three-dimensional fluid flow. Nowadays, there are many software products that implement numerical modeling by the finite volume method. The most famous among them are Fluent, CFX, StarCD, Numeca, Flow Vision and CADRUN. Verification of the computational model remains an urgent task. It is important to choose a methodology that will allow you to get an acceptable result with optimal time spent on preparing data and conducting computational studies.
The article examines the flow path of a radial-axial pump-turbine designed for use at a maximum head up to 250m. Numerical modeling of the cavitation process arising in the turbine mode at a significant distance from the optimum of the characteristic was carried out. The calculations were performed using the Ansys CFX software package, version 2021R1. A brief description of the problem statement, the computational grids used and the assumptions made is given. Comparison of calculation results with experimental data is presented. A qualitative comparison of the cavitation origination regions obtained by numerical simulation with the data of monitoring the state of the base metal and welded joints of the hydroelectric unit impeller by the method of non-destructive testing is carried out.
The aim of the work was to present an economical technique for numerical simulation of cavitation to determine the places of possible occurrence of cavitation wear. The technique consists in describing the formulation of the problem, the computational grids used and the assumptions made for the optimal use of computing resources without a significant loss in the accuracy of the results.
8
Hu, Ying, Qing Xue Huang, Xiao Hong Hao, and Shao Zhen Jin. "The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for Plate Leveler Based on Multi-Fieldbus." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 992–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.992.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To improve the quality of the steel plate, The No.2 Roll Mill of Wuyang Iron and Steel Company has adopted the hydraulic reversible 11 rolls leveler developed by Taiyuan University of Science and Technology and the Taiyuan Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. The machine uses a number of advanced technologies and new equipments. For example, this plate leveler uses the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system, including the main operator station, the monitoring station, engineer station, etc.It also adopts Oracle 10G database system and HP 380 Server clusters to realize the management function of technical data acquisition and analysis. It is able to complete the real-time data acquisition, data analysis, model calculation and self –learning function.
9
Rezvaya, Kseniya, Irina Tynyanova, and Оleksandr Kosorukov. "APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF AVERAGE DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL OPERATING MODE OF A HIGH-PRESSURE REVERSIBLE HYDRAULIC MACHINE." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Hydraulic machines and hydraulic units, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2411-3441.2019.2.10.
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10
Salter, S. H., J. R. M. Taylor, and N. J. Caldwell. "Power conversion mechanisms for wave energy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 216, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/147509002320382103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is easy to make a device that will respond vigorously to the action of sea waves. Indeed, it is quite hard to make one that will not. However, the conversion of the slow, random, reversing energy flows with very high extreme values into phase-locked synchronous electricity with power quality acceptable to a utility network is very much harder. This paper describes a range of different control strategies of varying degrees of sophistication and then describes possible conversion equipment for high-pressure oil and water and low-pressure air. Like many renewable energy sources, waves would benefit from some form of energy storage, particularly if they are to be used in weak island networks. Flywheels, gas accumulators, submerged oil/vacuum accumulators, thermal stores and reversible fuel cells are discussed, with emphasis on the coupling hardware. This leads on to a description of a new type of hydraulic machine with digital control which has been specially designed for high efficiency and flexible control of multiple erratic sources. An explanation of the rather low performance of air turbines in the random air flows caused by sea waves suggests the need for a variable-pitch version of the Wells turbine and the design of a reciprocating-flow wind-tunnel with recirculating energy recovery in which it could be tested.
11
Sokol, Yevhen, Mikhaylo Cherkashenko, and Viktor Drankovskiy. "CONTROL AND ENERGY MODELS OF REVERSIBLE HYDRAULIC MACHINES." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Hydraulic machines and hydraulic units, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2411-3441.2019.2.01.
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12
Lou, Xi Yin. "Application of Tracked Combine Harvester Step-Less Speed Regulated System." Advanced Materials Research 904 (March 2014): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.904.365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, Step-less speed regulation system using double reversible variable pump and double quantitative motor, since the middle of no other control valve, the hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor with high efficiency. To meet the tracked combine and walking machines because of their own characteristics has the advantages of compact structure, light weight, high efficiency, high reliability, and other requirements of the system..
13
KOSIYUK, MYKOLA, ARTEM KOSIIUK, and VITALY KRAVCHUK. "COMBINED POWER PLANT OF A MOTOR VEHICLE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 299, no. 4 (October 2021): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-299-4-84-88.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, the most promising areas of development of motor transport are an increase of the horsepower characteristic of their power plants as well as increase of fuel efficiency, and reduction of the toxicity level of exhaust fumes. An internal combustion engine as a power unit of the car in a number of operation modes (supplemental motion, small work load, idling, etc.) works extremely inefficiently and contains the high concentration of harmful components in the exhaust fumes. Additionally, in a context of growing shortage of carbohydrate fuels and increase in their value, the problem of the fuel-burn improvement is especially acute. To improve the environmental compatibility and efficiency of power plants of the vehicles, combined cycle power plants are used. One of the most important problems that the machine construction faces is the creation of environmentally friendly and economical power plants. A hybrid power plant, which contains several power units operating on different physical principles, is proposed by the authors. The main power unit uses the energy of liquid or gaseous fuel in the mode of an internal combustion engine; the auxiliary power unit which is made as a reverse volumetrical driving machine with swinging motion of the work tools (forcers or blades), uses air power which comes from a pneumocylinder through a cooler and / or pneumatic air tank. The auxiliary power unit is equipped with a reversible invertor of the driving direction, made on the basis of a spherical slider-crank mechanism. This insures the operation of the auxiliary power unit in the mode of a pneumatic motor or compressor in accordance with the algorithm generated by the electronic control unit of the combined power plant of the vehicle. To utilize the heat energy of the exhaust fumes of the main power unit, the combined power plant is additionally equipped with a Stirling engine or steam generation module and a steam engine; in order to break energy recuperation of the vehicle it is additionally equipped with a hydraulic or electrodrive. Naturally, when choosing the specific forms of application of combined cycle power plants, any combinations of auxiliary power units are possible. They can be supplemented and / or specified based on the knowledge of specialists. Combined cycle power plants are technically complete solution. Their industrial applicability is obvious and is substantiated by experiments. Nowadays, the creation of a combined cycle power plants of a vehicle, which are a combination of several engines operating on different physical principles is the task of great economic importance. Combined power plants this allows to reduce fuel consumption per 100 km significantly, increase energy potential, horsepower characteristic and improve the environmental performance of the vehicle. The work is planned to be continued in the direction of optimization synthesis of auxiliary power units that work on different physical principles.
14
Sun, Hui, Ruofu Xiao, Weichao Liu, and Fujun Wang. "Analysis of S Characteristics and Pressure Pulsations in a Pump-Turbine With Misaligned Guide Vanes." Journal of Fluids Engineering 135, no. 5 (March 29, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4023647.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Growing environmental concerns and the need for better power balancing and frequency control have increased attention in renewable energy sources such as the reversible pump-turbine which can provide both power generation and energy storage. Pump-turbine operation along the S-shaped curve can lead to difficulties in loading the rejection process with unusual increases in water pressure, which lead to machine vibrations. Pressure fluctuations are the primary reason for unstable operation of pump-turbines. Misaligned guide vanes (MGVs) are widely used to control the stability in the S region. There have been experimental investigations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of scale models with aligned guide vanes and MGVs with spectral analyses of the S curve characteristics and the pressure pulsations in the frequency and time-frequency domains at runaway conditions. The course of the S characteristic is related to the centrifugal force and the large incident angle at low flow conditions with large vortices forming between the guide vanes and the blade inlets and strong flow recirculation inside the vaneless space as the main factors that lead to the S-shaped characteristics. Preopening some of the guide vanes enables the pump-turbine to avoid the influence of the S characteristic. However, the increase of the flow during runaway destroys the flow symmetry in the runner leading to all asymmetry forces on the runner that leads to hydraulic system oscillations. The MGV technique also increases the pressure fluctuations in the draft tube and has a negative impact on stable operation of the unit.
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Widmer, Christian, Thomas Staubli, and Nathan Ledergerber. "Unstable Characteristics and Rotating Stall in Turbine Brake Operation of Pump-Turbines." Journal of Fluids Engineering 133, no. 4 (April 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4003874.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reversible pump-turbines are versatile in the electricity market since they can be switched between pump and turbine operation within a few minutes. The emphasis on the design of the more sensitive pump flow however often leads to stability problems in no load or turbine brake operation. Unstable characteristics can be responsible for hydraulic system oscillations in these operating points. The cause of the unstable characteristics can be found in the blocking effect of either stationary vortex formation or rotating stall. The so-called unstable characteristic in turbine brake operation is defined by the change of sign of the slope of the head curve. This change of sign or “S-shape” can be traced back to flow recirculation and vortex formation within the runner and the vaneless space between runner and guide vanes. When approaching part load from sound turbine flow the vortices initially develop and collapse again. This unsteady vortex formation induces periodical pressure fluctuations. In the turbine brake operation at small guide vane openings the vortices increase in intensity, stabilize and circumferentially block the flow passages. This stationary vortex formation is associated with a total pressure rise over the machine and leads to the slope change of the characteristic. Rotating stall is a flow instability which extends from the runner, the vaneless space to the guide and the stay vane channels at large guide vane openings. A certain number of channels is blocked (rotating stall cell) while the other channels comprise sound flow. Due to a momentum exchange between rotor and stator at the front and the rear cell boundary, the cell is rotating with subsynchronous frequency of about 60 percent of the rotational speed for the investigated pump-turbine (nq = 45). The enforced rotating pressure distributions in the vaneless space lead to large dynamic radial forces on the runner. The mechanisms leading to stationary vortex formation and rotating stall were analyzed with a pump-turbine model by the means of numerical simulations and test rig measurements. It was found that stationary vortex formation and rotating stall have initially the same physical cause, but it depends on the mean convective acceleration within the guide vane channels, whether the vortex formations will rotate or not. Both phenomena lead to an unstable characteristic.