Статті в журналах: "Reversible adhesives"

1

Lu, Nanshu. "Reversible Dry Adhesives." Soft Robotics 3, no. 3 (September 2016): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/soro.2016.29009.nlu.

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2

Ciardiello, R., B. Martorana, VG Lambertini, and V. Brunella. "Iron-based reversible adhesives: Effect of particles size on mechanical properties." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 8 (October 17, 2017): 1446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217736552.

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A hot melt adhesive – mainly used for bonding plastic component in automotive field – was modified with different iron-based particles to give it a reversible behaviour. Mechanical and physical properties of these reversible adhesives were experimentally assessed in the work. The modified adhesives, coupled with electromagnetic induction, are able to guarantee separation of the joints without any damage to the substrates for recycling, reuse or repairing of components. Single lap joint specimens were prepared using epoxy/glass fibres substrates and tests were carried out on neat and modified adhesive with 5% weight of iron and iron oxide. Three different Fe particles size were tested: 450 µm, 60 µm and 1–6 µm. The particles size of iron oxide was 50 nm. Separation was studied using single lap joint specimens under electro-magnetic induction. Experimental results showed that the maximum peak load decreases when the average particles sizes increase. The peak loads of the smallest particles were equal to the ones of the pristine adhesive. The elongation of the adhesives increases when the adhesive is modified with both iron and iron oxide particles. Finally, experimental tests on single lap joints coupled with electro-magnetic induction showed that separation of the substrates is possible using iron oxide particles. Electro-magnetic tests conducted on particles alone, helped to understand that bigger particles are able to overcome the melting temperature of the adhesive but hot-melt adhesives modified with these particles are not able to reach the melting. These tests showed that the number of particles into the adhesive matrix is very important for this kind of tests.

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3

Viana, Ana S., and Romana Santos. "Nanoscale characterization of the temporary adhesive of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (August 24, 2018): 2277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.212.

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Background: Unlike the thin homogeneous films that are typical for adhesives produced by humans, biological adhesives present complex hierarchical micro- and nanostructures. Most studies on marine adhesives have focused on permanent adhesives, whereas the nanostructures of nonpermanent, temporary or reversible adhesives have only been examined in some organisms such as marine flatworms, barnacle cyprids, freshwater cnidaria and echinoderms such as sea cucumbers and sea stars. In this study, the first nanoscale characterization of sea urchin temporary adhesives was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results: The adhesive topography was similar under dry and native (seawater) conditions, which was comprised of a honeycomb-like meshwork of aggregated globular nanostructures. In terms of adhesion forces, higher values were obtained in dry conditions, reaching up to 50 nN. Under native conditions, lower adhesive forces were obtained (up to 500 pN) but the adhesive seemed to behave like a functional amyloid, as evidenced by the recorded characteristic sawtooth force–extension curves and positive thioflavin-T labelling. Conclusion: Our results confirm that like other temporary adhesives, the sea urchin adhesive footprint nanostructure consists of a meshwork of entangled globular nanostructures. Under native conditions, the adhesive footprints of the sea urchin behaved like a functional amyloid, suggesting that among its proteinaceous constituents there are most likely proteins with amyloid quaternary structures or rich in β-sheets. These results extend our knowledge on sea urchin adhesive composition and mechanical properties essential for the engineering of biomimetic adhesives.

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4

Drotlef, D. M., C. B. Dayan, and M. Sitti. "Bio-inspired Composite Microfibers for Strong and Reversible Adhesion on Smooth Surfaces." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 1 (April 27, 2019): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz009.

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Abstract A novel approach for high-performance gecko-inspired adhesives for strong and reversible adhesion to smooth surfaces is proposed. The composite patterns comprising elastomeric mushroom-shaped microfibers decorated with an extremely soft and thin terminal layer of pressure sensitive adhesive. Through the optimal tip shape and improved load sharing, the adhesion performance was greatly enhanced. A high adhesion strength of 300 kPa together with superior durability on smooth surfaces are achieved, outperforming monolithic fibers by 35 times. Our concept of composite microfibrillar adhesives provides significant benefits for real world applications including wearable medical devices, transfer printing systems, and robotic manipulation.

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5

Hutchinson, Allan R., Patricia H. Winfield, and Ryan H. McCurdy. "Automotive Material Sustainability Through Reversible Adhesives." Advanced Engineering Materials 12, no. 7 (June 8, 2010): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200900331.

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6

Bedenikovic, Theresa, Sigrid Eyb-Green, and Wolfgang Baatz. "Non-Aqueous Facing Methods in Paper Conservation – Part I: Testing Facing Materials." Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 39, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 185–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2018-0009.

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Abstract This study focusses on non-aqueous facing methods in paper conservation. The aim was to develop facing systems which have sufficient adhesive strength to stabilize a paper-based object during a conservation treatment while at the same time being easily reversible after treatment without leaving any residues on the original. A variety of carrier materials, non-aqueous adhesives as well as different methods of adhesive application and activation were combined. Nylon, Rayon and Japanese tissue were coated with Klucel®, BEVA®, Aquazol®, Degalan®, Lascaux® and Plextol®. Adhesives were applied by brushing, spraying, stenciling and stamping. Subsequently, coated tissues were reactivated with different methods such as application of solvent vapors, application of solvents with a sponge or direct application of solvents. In addition, the reactivation was carried out by pressure and/or heat. The adhesive strength was classified using a simple peel test; by dyeing the adhesives, their penetration into the sample papers was made visible, and adhesive residues which may remain on the sample papers could be observed visually.

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7

Kim, Jae-Kang, and Michael Varenberg. "Drawing-Based Manufacturing of Shear-Activated Reversible Adhesives." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 17 (April 6, 2020): 20075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c01812.

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8

Vattathurvalappil, Suhail Hyder, Syed Fahad Hassan, and Mahmoodul Haq. "Healing potential of reversible adhesives in bonded joints." Composites Part B: Engineering 200 (November 2020): 108360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108360.

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9

Büscher, Thies H., Raunak Lohar, Marie-Christin Kaul, and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Multifunctional Adhesives on the Eggs of the Leaf Insect Phyllium philippinicum (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae): Solvent Influence and Biomimetic Implications." Biomimetics 5, no. 4 (November 27, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5040066.

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Leaf insects (Phylliidae) are well-camouflaged terrestrial herbivores. They imitate leaves of plants almost perfectly and even their eggs resemble seeds—visually and regarding to dispersal mechanisms. The eggs of the leaf insect Phyllium philippinicum utilize an adhesive system with a combination of glue, which can be reversibly activated through water contact and a water-responding framework of reinforcing fibers that facilitates their adjustment to substrate asperities and real contact area enhancement. So far, the chemical composition of this glue remains unknown. To evaluate functional aspects of the glue–solvent interaction, we tested the effects of a broad array of chemical solvents on the glue activation and measured corresponding adhesive forces. Based on these experiments, our results let us assume a proteinaceous nature of the glue with different functional chemical subunits, which enable bonding of the glue to both the surface of the egg and the unpredictable substrate. Some chemicals inhibited adhesion, but the deactivation was always reversible by water-contact and in some cases yielded even higher adhesive forces. The combination of glue and fibers also enables retaining the adhesive on the egg, even if detached from the egg’s surface. The gained insights into this versatile bioadhesive system could hereafter inspire further biomimetic adhesives.

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10

Cui, Wei, Ruijie Zhu, Yong Zheng, Qifeng Mu, Menghan Pi, Qiang Chen, and Rong Ran. "Transforming non-adhesive hydrogels to reversible tough adhesives via mixed-solvent-induced phase separation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 15 (2021): 9706–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta00433f.

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Non-adhesive hydrogels are tailored to show tough adhesion to various solid surfaces by a universal phase-separation method. This method opens the possibility of utilizing non-adhesive hydrogels for emerging soft–rigid hybrid devices.

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11

Yu, Dan, Dirk Beckelmann, Michael Opsölder, Bruno Schäfer, Karsten Moh, René Hensel, Peter de Oliveira, and Eduard Arzt. "Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing of Micropatterned Adhesives by Template Compression." Materials 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010097.

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For the next generation of handling systems, reversible adhesion enabled by micropatterned dry adhesives exhibits high potential. The versatility of polymeric micropatterns in handling objects made from various materials has been demonstrated by several groups. However, specimens reported in most studies have been restricted to the laboratory scale. Upscaling the size and quantity of micropatterned adhesives is the next step to enable successful technology transfer. Towards this aim, we introduce a continuous roll-to-roll replication process for fabrication of high-performance, mushroom-shaped micropatterned dry adhesives. The micropatterns were made from UV-curable polyurethane acrylates. To ensure the integrity of the complex structure during the fabrication process, flexible templates were used. The compression between the template and the wet prepolymer coating was investigated to optimize replication results without structural failures, and hence, to improve adhesion. As a result, we obtained micropatterned adhesive tapes, 10 cm in width and several meters in length, with adhesion strength about 250 kPa to glass, suitable for a wide range of applications.

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12

Liang, J., F. Liu, J. Zou, H. H. K. Xu, Q. Han, Z. Wang, B. Li, et al. "pH-Responsive Antibacterial Resin Adhesives for Secondary Caries Inhibition." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 12 (June 29, 2020): 1368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520936639.

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Secondary caries caused by dental plaque is one of the major reasons for the high failure rate of resin composite restoration. Although antimicrobial agent–modified dental restoration systems have been researched for years, few reported intelligent anticaries materials could respond to the change of the oral environment and help keep oral eubiosis. Herein, we report tertiary amine (TA)–modified resin adhesives (TA@RAs) with pH-responsive antibacterial effect to reduce the occurrence of secondary caries. Two kinds of newly designed TA monomers were synthesized: DMAEM (dodecylmethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and HMAEM (hexadecylmethylaminoethyl methacrylate). In the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration test against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii, they exhibited antibacterial effect only in acidic medium, which preliminarily verified the acid-activated effect of TAs. Then DMAEM and HMAEM were incorporated into adhesive resin at the mass fraction of 5%, yielding TA@RAs. In vivo and in vitro tests showed that the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the adhesive were not affected. A S. mutans biofilm model in acidic and neutral medium was used and confirmed that TA@RAs could respond to the critical pH value of de-/remineralization and acquire reversible antibiofilm effect via the protonation and deprotonation of TAs. Meanwhile, the stability of antibacterial effect was confirmed via a 5-d pH-cycling experiment and a saliva-derived biofilm aging model. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that TA@RAs could increase the diversity of the saliva-derived biofilms, which implied that the novel materials could help regulate the microbial community to a healthy one. Finally, an in vitro demineralization model and in vivo secondary caries model were applied and demonstrated that TA@RAs could prevent secondary dental caries effectively. In summary, the reversible pH-responsive and non–drug release antibacterial resin adhesives ingeniously overcome the defect of the present materials and hold great promise for clinical application.

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13

Yi, Hoon, Sung Ho Lee, Minho Seong, Moon Kyu Kwak, and Hoon Eui Jeong. "Bioinspired reversible hydrogel adhesives for wet and underwater surfaces." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 48 (2018): 8064–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb02598c.

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14

Sridhar, Laxmisha M., Murielle O. Oster, Donald E. Herr, Jonathan B. D. Gregg, James A. Wilson, and Andrew T. Slark. "Re-usable thermally reversible crosslinked adhesives from robust polyester and poly(ester urethane) Diels–Alder networks." Green Chemistry 22, no. 24 (2020): 8669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc02938f.

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15

Kim, Seok, Metin Sitti, Tao Xie, and Xingcheng Xiao. "Reversible dry micro-fibrillar adhesives with thermally controllable adhesion." Soft Matter 5, no. 19 (2009): 3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b909885b.

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16

Rodrigues, David D., Patricia H. Winfield, and Denise Morrey. "Disbonding Technology for Adhesive Reversible Assembly in the Automotive Industry." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.766.

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Development of the automotive industry is currently driven by three fundamental considerations, i.e. environment, safety and cost, within a strong legislative framework. The reduction of material waste, production stages and weight have become key factors within this scope in the design of vehicles. Therefore, it is important to make greater use of non-conventional materials to take advantage of their recyclability, light weight and mechanical properties, for example new alloys and reinforced polymeric matrix composites (PMC). The dissimilar nature of the materials makes adhesive bonding the principal assembly technique for structural and semi-structural applications. Despite the enhanced performance and durability provided by the use of adhesives compared to that of more conventional joining technologies, bonded materials are very difficult to separate for recycling or reusing components at end of life. Currently, disassembly of adhesive bonded structures is conducted ineffectively by mechanical force, heat, and solvent or acid immersion. Previous research, to overcome these limitations has been mostly for applications other than automotive. Normally, reversible adhesive bonding is obtained through the development of engineered thermoplastic and/or thermosetting resins or incorporation of functional additives into commercial formulations. These technologies generally result in adhesive bonded joints with limited reliability, decreased adhesion strength and reduced resistance to higher temperature. Therefore, no effective disbonding technology has been developed for structural and semi-structural applications for the automotive industry. A comprehensive review will be presented on the adhesive disbonding technology which is currently or intended to be used by industry. This will highlight the advantages and limitations of the various techniques in order to develop an effective disbonding method for the next generation of vehicles at the end of life cycle (ELC).

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17

Yan, Qiming, Meng Zhou, and Heqing Fu. "A reversible and highly conductive adhesive: towards self-healing and recyclable flexible electronics." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 23 (2020): 7772–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc06765e.

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18

Ma, Shuanhong, Yang Wu, and Feng Zhou. "Bioinspired synthetic wet adhesives: from permanent bonding to reversible regulation." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 47 (June 2020): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2019.11.010.

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19

Wasay, A., and D. Sameoto. "Gecko gaskets for self-sealing and high-strength reversible bonding of microfluidics." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 13 (2015): 2749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc00342c.

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We report a novel reversible bonding method for microfluidic devices using gecko-inspired dry adhesives that result in an instant high-strength bond suitable for pressure driven flows. The concept also provides for viable stick and play interconnections.

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20

Cho, Hyesung, Gaoxiang Wu, Jason Christopher Jolly, Nicole Fortoul, Zhenping He, Yuchong Gao, Anand Jagota, and Shu Yang. "Intrinsically reversible superglues via shape adaptation inspired by snail epiphragm." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 28 (June 17, 2019): 13774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818534116.

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Adhesives are ubiquitous in daily life and industrial applications. They usually fall into one of two classes: strong but irreversible (e.g., superglues) or reversible/reusable but weak (e.g., pressure-sensitive adhesives and biological and biomimetic surfaces). Achieving both superstrong adhesion and reversibility has been challenging. This task is particularly difficult for hydrogels that, because their major constituent is liquid water, typically do not adhere strongly to any material. Here, we report a snail epiphragm-inspired adhesion mechanism where a polymer gel system demonstrates superglue-like adhesion strength (up to 892 N⋅cm−2) that is also reversible. It is applicable to both flat and rough target surfaces. In its hydrated state, the softened gel conformally adapts to the target surface by low-energy deformation, which is locked upon drying as the elastic modulus is raised from hundreds of kilopascals to ∼2.3 GPa, analogous to the action of the epiphragm of snails. We show that in this system adhesion strength is based on the material’s intrinsic, especially near-surface, properties and not on any near-surface structure, providing reversibility and ease of scaling up for practical applications.

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21

Aubert, James H. "Note: Thermally removable epoxy adhesives incorporating thermally reversible diels-alder adducts." Journal of Adhesion 79, no. 6 (June 2003): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218460309540.

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22

Wu, Zhen, Chendong Ji, Xujie Zhao, Yilong Han, Klaus Müllen, Kai Pan, and Meizhen Yin. "Green-Light-Triggered Phase Transition of Azobenzene Derivatives toward Reversible Adhesives." Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, no. 18 (April 16, 2019): 7385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b01056.

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23

Boesel, Luciano F., Christian Greiner, Eduard Arzt, and Aránzazu del Campo. "Gecko-Inspired Surfaces: A Path to Strong and Reversible Dry Adhesives." Advanced Materials 22, no. 19 (March 26, 2010): 2125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200903200.

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24

Wang, Ruomiao, Xingcheng Xiao, and Tao Xie. "Viscoelastic Behavior and Force Nature of Thermo-Reversible Epoxy Dry Adhesives." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 31, no. 3 (November 10, 2009): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.200900594.

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25

Ren, Junyu, Hongxing Yang, Yingchen Wu, Sichen Liu, Kelu Ni, Xin Ran, Xiaojian Zhou, Wei Gao, Guanben Du, and Long Yang. "Dynamic reversible adhesives based on crosslinking network via Schiff base and Michael addition." RSC Advances 12, no. 24 (2022): 15241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02299k.

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26

Zhu, Jingjing, Xiaomeng Lu, Wei Zhang, and Xiaokong Liu. "Substrate‐Independent, Reversible, and Easy‐Release Ionogel Adhesives with High Bonding Strength." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 41, no. 24 (May 20, 2020): 2000098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.202000098.

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27

Zhang, Chun, Yongping Bai, and Wenwen Liu. "Reversible adhesives based on acrylate copolymer modified by caffeic acid containing boroxin." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 137, no. 20 (November 14, 2019): 48703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.48703.

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28

Lengerer, Birgit, Marie Bonneel, Mathilde Lefevre, Elise Hennebert, Philippe Leclère, Emmanuel Gosselin, Peter Ladurner, and Patrick Flammang. "The structural and chemical basis of temporary adhesion in the sea star Asterina gibbosa." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (July 30, 2018): 2071–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.196.

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Background: Marine biological adhesives are a promising source of inspiration for biomedical and industrial applications. Nevertheless, natural adhesives and especially temporary adhesion systems are mostly unexplored. Sea stars are able to repeatedly attach and detach their hydraulic tube feet. This ability is based on a duo-gland system and, upon detachment, the adhesive material stays behind on the substrate as a 'footprint'. In recent years, characterization of sea star temporary adhesion has been focussed on the forcipulatid species Asterias rubens. Results: We investigated the temporary adhesion system in the distantly related valvatid species Asterina gibbosa. The morphology of tube feet was described using histological sections, transmission-, and scanning electron microscopy. Ultrastructural investigations revealed two adhesive gland cell types that both form electron-dense secretory granules with a more lucid outer rim and one de-adhesive gland cell type with homogenous granules. The footprints comprised a meshwork on top of a thin layer. This topography was consistently observed using various methods like scanning electron microscopy, 3D confocal interference microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and light microscopy with crystal violet staining. Additionally, we tested 24 commercially available lectins and two antibodies for their ability to label the adhesive epidermis and footprints. Out of 15 lectins labelling structures in the area of the duo-gland adhesive system, only one also labelled footprints indicating the presence of glycoconjugates with α-linked mannose in the secreted material. Conclusion: Despite the distant relationship between the two sea star species, the morphology of tube feet and topography of footprints in A. gibbosa shared many features with the previously described findings in A. rubens. These similarities might be due to the adaptation to a benthic life on rocky intertidal areas. Lectin- and immuno-labelling indicated similarities but also some differences in adhesive composition between the two species. Further research on the temporary adhesive of A. gibbosa will allow the identification of conserved motifs in sea star adhesion and might facilitate the development of biomimetic, reversible glues.

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Huang, Yanhua, Jianpan Yan, Dengxu Wang, Shengyu Feng, and Chuanjian Zhou. "Construction of Self-Healing Disulfide-Linked Silicone Elastomers by Thiol Oxidation Coupling Reaction." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 3729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213729.

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Developing self-healing silicone elastomers are highly significant because of their promising applications. Herein, we present novel self-healing disulfide-linked silicone elastomers (SEs) based on thiol-terminated sulfur-containing heterochain polysiloxanes (P-SHs) and three thiol-containing crosslinkers, including pentaerythritol tetrakis(β-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), octa(3-mercaptopropyl)silsesquioxane (POSS-SH), and poly[(mercaptopropyl)methylsiloxane] (PMMS), via the thiol oxidation coupling reactions. The construction of these SEs can rapidly proceed at room temperature. The effects of crosslinker species and amounts on the formability and mechanical properties were investigated. The silicone elastomers can be self-healed by heating at 150 °C for 2 h or under UV radiation for 30 min after cutting them into pieces and the self-healing efficiency is >70%. Moreover, they can be utilized as adhesives for bonding glass sheets, which can hold a 200 g weight. The bonding is reversible and can repeatedly proceed many times, indicating that these materials can promisingly be applied as reversible adhesives. These results indicate that a thiol oxidation coupling reaction is a simple and effective strategy for the construction of self-healing disulfide-linked elastomers. Under this strategy, more disulfide-linked organic elastomers with self-healing properties can be designed and constructed and their applications can be further explored.

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30

Seong, Minho, Hyun-Ha Park, Insol Hwang, and Hoon Eui Jeong. "Strong and Reversible Adhesion of Interlocked 3D-Microarchitectures." Coatings 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9010048.

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Diverse physical interlocking devices have recently been developed based on one-dimensional (1D), high-aspect-ratio inorganic and organic nanomaterials. Although these 1D nanomaterial-based interlocking devices can provide reliable and repeatable shear adhesion, their adhesion in the normal direction is typically very weak. In addition, the high-aspect-ratio, slender structures are mechanically less durable. In this study, we demonstrate a highly flexible and robust interlocking system that exhibits strong and reversible adhesion based on physical interlocking between three-dimensional (3D) microscale architectures. The 3D microstructures have protruding tips on their cylindrical stems, which enable tight mechanical binding between the microstructures. Based on the unique 3D architectures, the interlocking adhesives exhibit remarkable adhesion strengths in both the normal and shear directions. In addition, their adhesion is highly reversible due to the robust mechanical and structural stability of the microstructures. An analytical model is proposed to explain the measured adhesion behavior, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.

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31

Pjeta, Robert, Julia Wunderer, Philip Bertemes, Teresa Hofer, Willi Salvenmoser, Birgit Lengerer, Stefan Coassin, et al. "Temporary adhesion of the proseriate flatworm Minona ileanae." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1784 (September 9, 2019): 20190194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0194.

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Flatworms can very rapidly attach to and detach from many substrates. In the presented work, we analysed the adhesive system of the marine proseriate flatworm Minona ileanae . We used light-, scanning- and transmission electron microscopy to analyse the morphology of the adhesive organs, which are located at the ventral side of the tail-plate. We performed transcriptome sequencing and differential RNA-seq for the identification of tail-specific transcripts. Using in situ hybridization expression screening, we identified nine transcripts that were expressed in the cells of the adhesive organs. Knock-down of five of these transcripts by RNA interference led to a reduction of the animal's attachment capacity. Adhesive proteins in footprints were confirmed using mass spectrometry and antibody staining. Additionally, lectin labelling of footprints revealed the presence of several sugar moieties. Furthermore, we determined a genome size of about 560 Mb for M. ileanae . We demonstrated the potential of Oxford Nanopore sequencing of genomic DNA as a cost-effective tool for identifying the number of repeats within an adhesive protein and for combining transcripts that were fragments of larger genes. A better understanding of the molecules involved in flatworm bioadhesion can pave the way towards developing innovative glues with reversible adhesive properties. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems’.

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32

Chen, Bin, Peidong Wu, and Huajian Gao. "Pre-tension generates strongly reversible adhesion of a spatula pad on substrate." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6, no. 35 (September 18, 2008): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0322.

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Motivated by recent studies on reversible adhesion mechanisms of geckos and insects, we investigate the effect of pre-tension on the orientation-dependent adhesion strength of an elastic tape adhering on a substrate. Our analysis shows that the pre-tension can significantly increase the peel-off force at small peeling angles while decreasing it at large peeling angles, leading to a strongly reversible adhesion. More interestingly, we find that there exists a critical value of pre-tension beyond which the peel-off force plunges to zero at a force-independent critical peeling angle. We further show that the level of pre-tension required for such force-independent detachment at a critical angle can be induced by simply dragging a spatula pad along a substrate at sufficiently low angles. These results provide a feasible explanation of relevant experimental observations on gecko adhesion and suggest possible strategies to design strongly reversible adhesives via pre-tension.

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33

Yuliati, Frita, Jennifer Hong, Keshia S. Indriadi, Francesco Picchioni, and Ranjita K. Bose. "Thermally Reversible Polymeric Networks from Vegetable Oils." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081708.

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Low cross-link density thermally reversible networks were successfully synthesized from jatropha and sunflower oils. The oils were epoxidized and subsequently reacted with furfurylamine to attach furan groups onto the triglycerides, preferably at the epoxide sites rather than at the ester ones. Under the same reaction conditions, the modified jatropha oil retained the triglyceride structure more efficiently than its sunflower-based counterpart, i.e., the ester aminolysis reaction was less relevant for the jatropha oil. These furan-modified oils were then reacted with mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic bismaleimides, viz. 1,12-bismaleimido dodecane and 1,1′-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bismaleimide, resulting in a series of polymers with Tg ranging between 3.6 and 19.8 °C. Changes in the chemical structure and mechanical properties during recurrent thermal cycles suggested that the Diels–Alder and retro-Diels–Alder reactions occurred. However, the reversibility was reduced over the thermal cycles due to several possible causes. There are indications that the maleimide groups were homopolymerized and the Diels–Alder adducts were aromatized, leading to irreversibly cross-linked polymers. Two of the polymers were successfully applied as adhesives without modifications. This result demonstrates one of the potential applications of these polymers.

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Pjeta, Robert, Herbert Lindner, Leopold Kremser, Willi Salvenmoser, Daniel Sobral, Peter Ladurner, and Romana Santos. "Integrative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of the Tube Foot and Adhesive Secretions of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030946.

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Echinoderms, such as the rock-boring sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, attach temporarily to surfaces during locomotion using their tube feet. They can attach firmly to any substrate and release from it within seconds through the secretion of unknown molecules. The composition of the adhesive, as well as the releasing secretion, remains largely unknown. This study re-analyzed a differential proteome dataset from Lebesgue et al. by mapping mass spectrometry-derived peptides to a P. lividus de novo transcriptome generated in this study. This resulted in a drastic increase in mapped proteins in comparison to the previous publication. The data were subsequently combined with a differential RNAseq approach to identify potential adhesion candidate genes. A gene expression analysis of 59 transcripts using whole mount in situ hybridization led to the identification of 16 transcripts potentially involved in bioadhesion. In the future these data could be useful for the production of synthetic reversible adhesives for industrial and medical purposes.

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35

Bertemes, Philip, Robert Pjeta, Julia Wunderer, Alexandra L. Grosbusch, Birgit Lengerer, Kevin Grüner, Magdalena Knapp, et al. "(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 12228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212228.

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Many free-living flatworms have evolved a temporary adhesion system, which allows them to quickly attach to and release from diverse substrates. In the marine Macrostomum lignano, the morphology of the adhesive system and the adhesion-related proteins have been characterised. However, little is known about how temporary adhesion is performed in other aquatic environments. Here, we performed a 3D reconstruction of the M. lignano adhesive organ and compared it to the morphology of five selected Macrostomum, representing two marine, one brackish, and two freshwater species. We compared the protein domains of the two adhesive proteins, as well as an anchor cell-specific intermediate filament. We analysed the gene expression of these proteins by in situ hybridisation and performed functional knockdowns with RNA interference. Remarkably, there are almost no differences in terms of morphology, protein regions, and gene expression based on marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats. This implies that glue components produced by macrostomids are conserved among species, and this set of two-component glue functions from low to high salinity. These findings could contribute to the development of novel reversible biomimetic glues that work in all wet environments and could have applications in drug delivery systems, tissue adhesives, or wound dressings.

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36

Huang, Junwen, Yu Liu, Yuxin Yang, Zhijun Zhou, Jie Mao, Tong Wu, Jun Liu, et al. "Electrically programmable adhesive hydrogels for climbing robots." Science Robotics 6, no. 53 (April 14, 2021): eabe1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abe1858.

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Although there have been notable advances in adhesive materials, the ability to program attaching and detaching behavior in these materials remains a challenge. Here, we report a borate ester polymer hydrogel that can rapidly switch between adhesive and nonadhesive states in response to a mild electrical stimulus (voltages between 3.0 and 4.5 V). This behavior is achieved by controlling the exposure and shielding of the catechol group through water electrolysis–induced reversible cleavage and reformation of the borate ester moiety. By switching the electric field direction, the hydrogel can repeatedly attach to and detach from various surfaces with a response time as low as 1 s. This programmable attaching/detaching strategy provides an alternative approach for robot climbing. The hydrogel is simply pasted onto the moving parts of climbing robots without complicated engineering and morphological designs. Using our hydrogel as feet and wheels, the tethered walking robots and wheeled robots can climb on both vertical and inverted conductive substrates (i.e., moving upside down) such as stainless steel and copper. Our study establishes an effective route for the design of smart polymer adhesives that are applicable in intelligent devices and an electrochemical strategy to regulate the adhesion.

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37

Wang, Yue, Xiangming Li, Hongmiao Tian, Hong Hu, Yu Tian, Jinyou Shao, and Yucheng Ding. "Rectangle-capped and tilted micropillar array for enhanced anisotropic anti-shearing in biomimetic adhesion." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 106 (May 2015): 20150090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0090.

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Dry adhesion observed in the feet of various small creatures has attracted considerable attention owing to the unique advantages such as self-cleaning, adaptability to rough surfaces along with repeatable and reversible adhesiveness. Among these advantages, for practical applications, proper detachability is critical for dry adhesives with artificial microstructures. In this study, we present a microstructured array consisting of both asymmetric rectangle-capped tip and tilted shafts, which produce an orthogonal anisotropy of the shearing strength along the long and short dimensions of the tip, with a maximum anti-shearing in the two directions along the longer dimension. Meanwhile, the tilt feature can enhance anisotropic shearing adhesion by increasing shearing strength in the forward shearing direction and decreasing strength in the reverse shearing direction along the short dimension of the tip, leading to a minimum anti-shearing in only one of the two directions along the shorter dimension of the rectangular tip. Such a microstructured adhesive with only one weak shearing direction, leading to well-controlled attachment and detachment of the adhesive, is created in our experiment by conventional double-sided exposure of a photoresist followed by a moulding process.

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38

Gao, Kai, Zeyuan Zhang, Lingzhi Ma, Long Chen, Xingxing Chen, Yanfeng Zhang, and Mingming Zhang. "Reversible supramolecular adhesives formed by metallacycle-crosslinked polymer networks via amino‑yne click reaction." Giant 4 (December 2020): 100034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2020.100034.

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39

Stark, Alyssa Y., and Christopher T. Mitchell. "Stick or Slip: Adhesive Performance of Geckos and Gecko-Inspired Synthetics in Wet Environments." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 1 (April 27, 2019): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz008.

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Abstract The gecko adhesive system has inspired hundreds of synthetic mimics principally focused on replicating the strong, reversible, and versatile properties of the natural system. For geckos native to the tropics, versatility includes the need to remain attached to substrates that become wet from high humidity and frequent rain. Paradoxically, van der Waals forces, the principal mechanism responsible for gecko adhesion, reduce to zero when two contacting surfaces separate even slightly by entrapped water layers. A series of laboratory studies show that instead of slipping, geckos maintain and even improve their adhesive performance in many wet conditions (i.e., on wet hydrophobic substrates, on humid substrates held at low temperatures). The mechanism for this is not fully clarified, and likely ranges in scale from the chemical and material properties of the gecko’s contact structures called setae (e.g., setae soften and change surface confirmation when exposed to water), to their locomotor biomechanics and decision-making behavior when encountering water on a substrate in their natural environment (e.g., some geckos tend to run faster and stop more frequently on misted substrates than dry). Current work has also focused on applying results from the natural system to gecko-inspired synthetic adhesives, improving their performance in wet conditions. Gecko-inspired synthetic adhesives have also provided a unique opportunity to test hypotheses about the natural system in semi-natural conditions replicated in the laboratory. Despite many detailed studies focused on the role of water and humidity on gecko and gecko-inspired synthetic adhesion, there remains several outstanding questions: (1) what, if any, role does capillary or capillary-like adhesion play on overall adhesive performance of geckos and gecko-inspired synthetics, (2) how do chemical and material changes at the surface and in the bulk of gecko setae and synthetic fibrils change when exposed to water, and what does this mean for adhesive performance, and (3) how much water do geckos encounter in their native environment, and what is their corresponding behavioral response? This review will detail what we know about gecko adhesion in wet environments, and outline the necessary next steps in biological and synthetic system investigations.

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40

Akiyama, Haruhisa, Satoshi Kanazawa, Yoko Okuyama, Masaru Yoshida, Hideyuki Kihara, Hideki Nagai, Yasuo Norikane, and Reiko Azumi. "Photochemically Reversible Liquefaction and Solidification of Multiazobenzene Sugar-Alcohol Derivatives and Application to Reworkable Adhesives." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, no. 10 (May 12, 2014): 7933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am501227y.

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41

Jung, Jiyoon, Hye Jin Cho, Dongyoung Kim, Seung Sang Hwang, and Jongok Won. "Degradable Natural Lacquer (Urushi) Adhesives Using a Reversible Polymer Based on Hemiaminal Dynamic Covalent Networks." ChemistrySelect 3, no. 23 (June 20, 2018): 6665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201800849.

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42

Meng, Fandong, Quan Liu, Xin Wang, Di Tan, Longjian Xue, and W. Jon P. Barnes. "Tree frog adhesion biomimetics: opportunities for the development of new, smart adhesives that adhere under wet conditions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2150 (June 10, 2019): 20190131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0131.

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Enlarged adhesive toe pads on the tip of each digit allow tree frogs to climb smooth vertical and overhanging surfaces, and are effective in generating reversible adhesion under both dry and wet conditions. In this review, we discuss the complexities of the structure of tree frog toe pads in relation to their function and review their biomimetic potential. Of particular importance are the (largely) hexagonal epithelial cells surrounded by deep channels that cover the surface of each toe pad and the array of nanopillars on their surface. Fluid secreted by the pads covers the surface of each pad, so the pads adhere by wet adhesion, involving both capillarity and viscosity-dependent forces. The fabrication and testing of toe pad mimics are challenging, but valuable both for testing hypotheses concerning tree frog toe pad function and for developing toe pad mimics. Initial mimics involved the fabrication of hexagonal pillars mimicking the toe pad epithelial structure. More recent ones additionally replicate the nanostructures on their surface. Finally we describe some of the biomimetic applications that have been developed from toe pad mimics, which include both bioinspired adhesives and friction-generating devices. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)’.

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43

Huang, Xianhui, Zhichun Shangguan, Zhao-Yang Zhang, Chunyang Yu, Yixin He, Dong Fang, Wenjin Sun, et al. "Visible-Light-Induced Reversible Photochemical Crystal–Liquid Transitions of Azo-Switches for Smart and Robust Adhesives." Chemistry of Materials 34, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 2636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c03881.

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44

López-Suevos, Francisco, and Charles E. Frazier. "The role of resol fortifiers in latex wood adhesives." Holzforschung 60, no. 5 (August 1, 2006): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2006.093.

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Abstract Static and dynamic rheological analyses using time/temperature equivalence were applied to freestanding poly(vinyl acetate-co-NMA) adhesive films and to wood-bonded films (composites), which were completely dry in all cases. Films and composites were prepared with two types of cross-linking: (1) cross-linking through AlCl3 catalysis of N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) comonomer; and (2) additional cross-linking using a resol phenolic (PF) additive, in addition to AlCl3 catalysis. Rheological experiments revealed that accelerated weathering (AW) significantly modified the mechanical response of films and composites lacking the PF additive. For samples lacking PF fortifier, AW caused a new thermal transition appearing as a major mechanical softening in the long time domain (creep master curves) or in the low-frequency region (dynamic master curves). This new transition correlated to a performance loss found with fracture testing in a previous publication. Here, the static and dynamic rheological data indicated that the AW-induced softening was a reversible transition. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis and the manipulation of physical aging effects demonstrated that the AW-induced softening was a glass transition. The calorimetric weakness and temperature of this transition indicated that it corresponds to the Tg of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), which is the emulsion polymerization interfacial agent. In contrast, all PF-formulated samples displayed only the base polymer Tg. Therefore, the PF additive prevented weathering effects that lead to PVOH softening. Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy provided visual evidence of the action of PF on PVOH at interparticle boundaries. We suggest that the PF fortifier enhances latex durability through the formation of hydrolytically stable PVOH cross-links at the interparticle boundaries.

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45

López-Suevos, Francisco, and Charles E. Frazier. "Fracture cleavage analysis of PVAc latex adhesives: Influence of phenolic additives." Holzforschung 60, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2006.050.

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Abstract Mode I fracture cleavage testing was conducted on wood bonded with poly(vinyl acetate-co-NMA) latex adhesive containing two types/degrees of cross-linking: (1) cross-linking through AlCl3 catalysis of N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) comonomer; and (2) additional cross-linking using a phenol-formaldehyde resol additive, in addition to AlCl3 catalysis. The formulation lacking the phenolic additive performed well under dry conditions; but it completely failed during testing as a result of accelerated weathering. In contrast, fortification with the phenolic additive provided durability against accelerated weathering. In an effort to understand the effects of accelerated weathering, parallel-plate dynamic mechanical analysis was applied to freestanding neat adhesive films and to wood-bonded films (composites). Accelerated weathering dramatically altered the viscoelastic response of films and composites that lacked the phenolic additive; weathering caused a second, broad and reversible relaxation near 100°C, which might be because of softening of the poly(vinyl alcohol) interfacial agent used during emulsion polymerization. In contrast, samples formulated with the phenolic additive only displayed the typical base-polymer glass transition. Correlation of the fracture testing and the rheological analysis suggests that the phenolic additive promotes adhesive durability by cross-linking the interparticle boundaries, where poly(vinyl alcohol) is believed to reside.

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46

Park, Jun Kyu, Jeffrey D. Eisenhaure, and Seok Kim. "Underwater Dry Adhesives: Reversible Underwater Dry Adhesion of a Shape Memory Polymer (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 3/2019)." Advanced Materials Interfaces 6, no. 3 (February 2019): 1970023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201970023.

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47

Lee, Seung-Min, Kyung-Hyeon Yoo, Seog-Young Yoon, In-Ryoung Kim, Bong-Soo Park, Woo-Sung Son, Ching-Chang Ko, Sung-Ae Son, and Yong-Il Kim. "Enamel Anti-Demineralization Effect of Orthodontic Adhesive Containing Bioactive Glass and Graphene Oxide: An In-Vitro Study." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091728.

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White spot lesions (WSLs), a side effect of orthodontic treatment, can result in reversible and unaesthetic results. Graphene oxide (GO) with a bioactive glass (BAG) mixture (BAG@GO) was added to Low-Viscosity Transbond XT (LV) in a ratio of 1, 3, and 5%. The composite’s characterization and its physical and biological properties were verified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); its microhardness, shear bond strength (SBS), cell viability, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were also assessed. Efficiency in reducing WSL was evaluated using antibacterial activity of S. mutans. Anti-demineralization was analyzed using a cycle of the acid-base solution. Adhesives with 3 wt.% or 5 wt.% of BAG@GO showed significant increase in microhardness compared with LV. The sample and LV groups showed no significant differences in SBS or ARI. The cell viability test confirmed that none of the sample groups showed higher toxicity compared to the LV group. Antibacterial activity was higher in the 48-h group than in the 24 h group; the 48 h test showed that BAG@GO had a high antibacterial effect, which was more pronounced in 5 wt.% of BAG@GO. Anti-demineralization effect was higher in the BAG@GO-group than in the LV-group; the higher the BAG@GO concentration, the higher the anti-demineralization effect.

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48

Drotlef, Dirk M., Esther Appel, Henrik Peisker, Kirstin Dening, Aránzazu del Campo, Stanislav N. Gorb, and W. Jon P. Barnes. "Morphological studies of the toe pads of the rock frog, Staurois parvus (family: Ranidae) and their relevance to the development of new biomimetically inspired reversible adhesives." Interface Focus 5, no. 1 (February 6, 2015): 20140036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2014.0036.

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The morphology of the toe epithelium of the rock frog, Staurois parvus (Family Ranidae), was investigated using a variety of microscopical techniques. The toe pad epithelium is stratified (four to five cell layers), the apical parts of the cells of the outermost layer being separated by fluid-filled channels. The surface of these cells is covered by a dense array of nanopillars, which also cover the surface of subarticular tubercles and unspecialized ventral epithelium of the toes, but not the dorsal epithelium. The apical portions of the outer two layers contain fibrils that originate from the nanopillars and are oriented approximately normal to the surface. This structure is similar to the pad structure of tree frogs of the families Hylidae and Rhacophoridae, indicating evolutionary convergence and a common evolutionary design for reversible attachment in climbing frogs. The main adaptation to the torrent habitat seems to be the straightness of the channels crossing the toe pad, which will assist in drainage of excess water. The presence of nanopillar arrays on all ventral surfaces of the toes resembles that on clingfish suckers and may be a specific adaptation for underwater adhesion and friction. The relevance of these findings to the development of new biomimetically inspired reversible adhesives is discussed.

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Yin, Pengfei, Yang Liu, Dan Huang, and Chao Zhang. "Highly Tough, Stretchable and Self-Healing Polyampholyte Elastomers with Dual Adhesiveness." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 20, 2022): 4548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094548.

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A new type of polyampholyte with unique viscoelastic properties can be easily synthesized by the copolymerization of butyl acrylate with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acid acrylate in one pot. The elastic modulus of the as-prepared polyampholyte can be easily tuned by adjusting the ratio between the butyl acrylate and ionic monomers. The polyampholyte synthesized by a low proportion of ionic monomer showed low tensile strength and high stretchability, resulting in good conformal compliance with the biological tissues and potent energy dissipation. Due to the existence of high-intensity reversible ionic bonds in the polymer matrix, excellent self-recovery and self-healing properties were achieved on the as-prepared polyampholytes. By combining the high Coulombic interaction and interfacial energy dissipation, tough adhesiveness was obtained for the polyampholyte on various substrates. This new type of polyampholyte may have important applications in adhesives, packaging and tissue engineering.

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50

Park, Soo-Jeong, Kyo-Moon Lee, Seong-Jae Park, and Yun-Hae Kim. "Overlapped repair performance for carbon–PPS composites in vacuum-assisted thermal bonding." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 07n09 (March 16, 2020): 2040027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920400278.

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An overlapped repair with a continuous bonding area, was applied to carbon–PPS thermoplastic composites, and their strength recovery rate and failure behavior under mechanical loading were analyzed. This overlapped model has been designed to prevent the common and fundamental failures in conventional repair technologies through utilization of the volume fraction properties of continuous fibers. The same material was used for the parent and repair, and adhesion occurred via reversible thermal properties of the thermoplastic PPS polymer, without using additional adhesives. Under tensile and flexural loading, thickness ratios of 30% and 50% (damaged depth to the total thickness of the laminate) resulted in high strength recovery rates of 96% and 94%, respectively. The overlapped, bonded area on the surface of the parent material is the path of external load transfer between the parent and repair materials, maintaining uniform stress dispersion and increasing the fracture resistance.

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