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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Rétinite pigmentaire – Thérapie génique"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Rétinite pigmentaire – Thérapie génique"
Ducloyer, Jean-Baptiste, Guylène Le Meur, Thérèse Cronin, Oumeya Adjali, and Michel Weber. "La thérapie génique des rétinites pigmentaires héréditaires." médecine/sciences 36, no. 6-7 (June 2020): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020095.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Rétinite pigmentaire – Thérapie génique"
Berger, Adeline. "Gene therapy for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa : repair of rhodopsin mRNA by SMaRT technology." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066190/document.
Повний текст джерелаRetinitis pigmentosa is an hereditary retinal dystrophy involving degeneration of photoreceptors leading to blindness and for which there is currently no treatment. The most frequent cause of autosomal dominant forms of the disease is a point mutation in the rhodopsin gene (RHO). Therapeutic strategy should both suppress mutant protein expression and restore that of the normal one to physiologic level to prevent photoreceptor degeneration. My PhD project was to repair RHO pre-mRNA by SMaRT (Spliceosome Mediated RNA Trans-splicing) technology. This implies to introduce by gene transfer into the target cell an exogenous RNA, called PTM for Pre-mRNA Trans-splicing Molecule. This one was able to promote a splice reaction in trans, leading to the replacement of the mutated exons. We designed 20 different PTM and obtained in vitro a maximum trans-splicing rate of 40% after transient co-transfection of PTM and RHO constructs in HEK293T cells. We then created WT or mutated RHO stable expression cell lines by lentiviral transduction. Mutation induced retention of the protein into the cytoplasm, while the WT RHO was localized to the plasma membrane. We observed that the PTM transfection in the mutated RHO cell line induced trans-splicing, which was able to partially restore localization to the plasma membrane of repaired RHO. We then tested trans-splicing in vivo in mRho+/- RHO P347S+ mice, a humanized heterozygous mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. After subretinal injection of AAV2/8-bRho-PTM we observed that trans-splicing occurred in vivo. Unfortunately we did not observe by SD-OCT (a technology that we improve in this project) any rescue of the degenerative phenotype
Rodrigues, Amélie. "Modélisation d'une forme de rétinite pigmentaire et validation d'une approche de thérapie génique, à l'aide de cellules rétiniennes dérivées de cellules iPS humaines." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS520.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGeneration of retinal cells from human iPS cells offers the opportunity to study the effects of specific disease-causing mutations in an in vitro human system. Our project consisted of modeling specific form of Retinits Pigmentosa (RP) using patient iPS cells. We first optimized a differentiation protocol to obtain retinal organoids with a structural organization closer to the retina in vivo, allowing advanced photoreceptor maturation. Using this tool, we were able to fully recapitulate the RP phenotype (degeneration of rods and cones), observed in patients with mutation in RHODOPSINE gene, coding for the visual pigment. Then, we used the same approach to understand the pathogenicity of RP related to mutations in PRPF31 gene, coding for a splicing factor. Retinal organoids summarized the degeneration of mature rods and secondary loss of cones, as observed in patients. Furthermore, PRPF31-mutated retinal pigmented epithelial cells exhibited also structural and functional defective phenotype. These retinal degenerative phenotypes are correlated with a lower level expression of PRPF31 protein, linking causal mutations to an haploinsufficiency mechanism. We thus have developed a gene augmentation strategy, bringing an additional wild type copy of PRPF31 through CRISPR/Cas9 or using an AAV vector, that both allowed the rescue of retinal cell degeneration
Simon, Cardillia-Joe. "A new gene therapy approach to restore light sensitivity in Rod-Cone Dystrophies." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS467.
Повний текст джерелаRod-cone dystrophy (RCD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases accounting for the major type of inherited retinal degenerations. The majority of RCD mutated genes are expressed in the rod photoreceptors and in the retinal pigment epithelium. The common RCD phenotype is characterized by the degeneration of rods followed by degeneration of peripheral cones, which leave the patients with tunnel vision in mid stages and blindness in the latest stages of disease. A previous study showed that Halorhodopsin, a microbial chloride pump, expressed in mouse cones, restored these cells’ activity albeit with high light intensities for activation due to the lack of intracellular signal amplification. In order to develop a light-sensitive cone reactivation strategy, we first examined the expression of the phototransduction cascade elements in cones during degeneration in two RCD mouse models. In both mouse models, we found that opsin and arrestin migrate to the cone cell bodies after outer segment degeneration. We thus hypothesized that cone reactivation based on cone opsin signalling may be feasible, which in turn will allow us to recover high sensitivity vision. We expressed a target channel activated by G proteins recruited by cone opsin in degenerating cones and obtained significant improvements in visual function as demonstrated by electroretinography and behaviour. This new approach has the potential to maintain or restore, high acuity and color vision requiring only low light intensities. Moreover, we also showed that this innovative approach is universal and applicable in patients suffering from RDC
Cereso, Nicolas. "Preuve de concept de thérapie génique d’une dystrophie rétinienne en l’absence de modèle animal de la pathologie : cas de la Choroïdérémie." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T019/document.
Повний текст джерелаInherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) lead to a progressive vision loss. The first clinical trials using gene transfer to treat such diseases have been performed with positive results. Prior to clinical trials, preclinical studies are usually performed on animal models. However, for many IRDs, appropriate animal models do not exist, which compromises their progress towards a clinical trial. An example of an IRD that lacks an appropriate model is choroideremia, which represents 2% of IRD patients. It is characterized by night blindness in childhood, followed by progressive loss of the visual field resulting in blindness by 40–50 years of age. Its early diagnosis and slow evolution result in a large therapeutic window making choroideremia a good candidate for gene therapy. Genetically, the disease is caused by a mutation in the CHM gene located on the X chromosome and encoding the Rab Escort Protein 1 (REP1). This protein is involved in the prenylation of small GTPases, the Rab proteins. To palliate the lack of an animal model, we generated a human cellular model of choroideremia in order to evaluate the efficacy of a gene therapy approach in the tissue that is affected in vivo.Towards this aim, we reprogrammed REP1-deficient fibroblasts from a CHM-/y patient into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPScs), which we differentiated into retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We characterized the iPSc-derived RPE that is a polarized monolayer with a classic morphology, expresses characteristic markers, is functional for fluid transport and phagocytosis, and mimics the biochemical phenotype of patients. In terms of gene therapy and to evaluate the most efficient viral vector, I assayed a panel of 5 adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector serotypes and showed that AAV2/5 is the most efficient at transduce the iPSc-derived RPE. I then transduced the iPSc-derived RPE of a choroideremia patient with an AAV2/5-CAG-CHM and demonstrated that this vector is able to restore a normal prenylation function to the cells.To conclude, I demonstrated the superiority of the transduction efficiency of AAV2/5 in the iPSc-derived RPE and highlight the potential of a diseased RPE model derived from iPS cells to provide a proof of concept of gene therapy in the absence of a suitable animal model
Housset, Michael. "Rôle du gène homéotique Otx2 dans la rétine adulte de souris." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4086.
Повний текст джерелаThe major cause of adult blindness in industrialized countries is the progressive dysfunction and death of retinal photoreceptors. Mutations involved in both hereditary and complex forms of degeneration have been identified. Yet, a significant part of hereditary forms still misses genetic explanation and the number of loci that influence susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is expanding. Several genes involved in photoreceptor degeneration play key functions during development. Although their expression is maintained in the mature retina, their function is poorly known. Among these, Otx2 gene encodes a homeobox transcription factor essential for eye development, from eye territory patterning to photoreceptor and bipolar cell maturation. In human, several mutations in Otx2 locus have been associated to ocular malformation and occasionally to retinitis pigmentosa. In spite of its importance, Otx2 downstream molecular network is poorly defined. This work aimed to elucidate Otx2 functions in the mouse mature retina. In this tissue, Otx2 is found in the nucleus of RPE, photoreceptors, and bipolar cells. To explore its functions at a late stage, we took advantage of a model coined Otx2 self-KO, which allows time-controlled and efficient knockout of Otx2 only in cells that express it. Otx2 deletion leads to a relatively slow, still complete, photoreceptor degeneration by apoptosis starting 20 days after Otx2 ablation, and reaching a peak after 30 days. After 4 months, all photoreceptors have disappeared. Time-monitored gene ablation allows access to the period preceding photoreceptor degeneration, in which primary consequences of Otx2 self-KO occur. To shed light on the early molecular events leading to photoreceptor denegation, we analyzed the retina and RPE transcriptome using DNA microarrays at 0, 2, 4 an d8 days following Otx2 ablation? We identified 71 deregulated genes after Otx2 self-KO among which 37 were confirmed by RT-qPCR. Most of deregulated genes demonstrated a kinetic strongly correlated to Otx2 clearance, likely representing direct targets. After a 4 day delay, genes associated with cell stress signalling were induced, uncloaking cellular response to primary perturbation
Nandrot, Émeline. "Identification et caractérisation du gène c-mer impliqué dans la pathologie rétinienne du rat RCS : restauration fonctionnelle par thérapie génique." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077129.
Повний текст джерелаTorriano, Simona. "Études de nouvelles thérapies pour la choroïdérémie dans un modèle d'épithélium pigmentaire rétinien dérivé de cellules souches pluripotentes induites spécifique au patient." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT139.
Повний текст джерелаInherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a class of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases, which are characterized by a progressive loss of vision. Choroideremia (CHM) is a chorioretinopathy, which accounts for ~3% of all IRDs. It is characterized by night blindness in childhood, followed by slow and progressive loss of the peripheral visual field. This results in legal blindness by the fourth to fifth decade of life. Generally, central vision is preserved till late in life. Genetically, the disease is caused by mutations in the CHM gene located on the X chromosome and encoding the Rab Escort Protein 1 (REP1). This protein is involved in the prenylation of Rab GTPasas, which regulate vesicular cell trafficking. Most of the disease-causing mutations are loss-of-function and the absence of REP1 leads to a Rab prenylation defect and subsequent degeneration of photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and underlying choroid. To date, an established therapy is not available for CHM, but the early diagnosis and its slow evolution provide a large therapeutic window, that renders this disease a good candidate for successful treatment.In order to palliate the lack of a pertinent animal model for testing novel disease therapies, we developed a human cellular model using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSc)-derived RPE. This tissue is morphologically and functionally representative of the RPE in vivo, and reproduces the biochemical prenylation defect present in CHM. Therefore, it is a powerful model to evaluate the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches. Along this line, we investigated a gene augmentation approach, via AAV2/5 delivery of the CHM gene in the particular case of a CHM missense mutation, and the use of the translational read-through inducing drug (TRID) PTC124 for treating CHM nonsense mutations.I demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of gene augmentation therapy for CHM in the case of residual mutated REP1 expression, suggesting that missense-carrying patients can be considered for inclusion in clinical gene therapy trials. Moreover, I showed that the efficiency of PTC124 may be dependent on the cell type. In addition, my results suggest that drug efficiency likely depends on the conservation of the mutated amino acid residue and its localization with regards to REP1 functional domains. We thus highlight that genetic considerations should be taken into account when considering TRID therapy for this and other disorders.Taken together, I highlighted the predictive potential of the patient-specific iPSc-derived RPE model for screening of novel and varied therapeutic approaches in the absence of a suitable animal model prior to clinical translation
Poujade, Mylène. "Apport des dispositifs de restauration de la vision et de la résolution temporelle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS319.
Повний текст джерелаRetinitis Pigmentosa is an inherited retinal degenerative disease leading to blindness. Vision restoration techniques have been developed as visual neuroprostheses and optogenetic therapy. The limitation of these devices is their spatial resolution. The visual neuroprosthesis IRIS I developed by Pixium vision and Gensight Biologics’ optogenetic therapy allow the visual information to be captured and stimuled with a high temporal resolution. Increasing the temporal resolution leads to a more natural vision, and should overcome the low spatial resolution. Our study evaluate the contribution to these techniques and the temporal resolution, towards usefull vision. Healthy subjects wearing goggles simulating vision arising from the devices were asked to perform everyday tasks at 60Hz and 1440Hz. The devices allow the tasks to be carried out, with greater ease for patients who would be treated with optogenetic therapy. Patients could then regain autonomy in performing daily tasks. We also show that the quality of stimulation influences tasks requiring relatively sharpness. We have not identified any facilitation in the accomplishment of these tasks through increased temporal resolution. According to the literature, an improvement in visual perception should accompany the increase in temporal resolution. As such, we set up a parametric study of the temporal frequency through a task of directional discrimination at three different speeds. From 120 Hz, the temporal resolution facilitates the task at medium and high speed. Based on these results, speeds of the visual scenes from our previous experiment were too low for temporal resolution to improve the perception
Yu, Xianxiang. "Characterization and potential treatment for retinal degeneration in mouse models of four emblematic ciliopathies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ044.
Повний текст джерелаRetinal ciliopathies are a group of rare diseases caused by mutations of ciliary genes. Defects in ciliary genes can cause defects in proteins traffics and induces apoptosis of photoreceptor cells caused by stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) .We studied retinal ciliopathies by mice models, Leber congenital amaurosis, Xlinked retinitis pigmentosa, Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Alström Syndrome. The Bbs1-/-, Bbs10-/- and CEP290-/- mice exhibited a decrease in retinal function caused by ER stress. Rd9/y and Alms1foz/foz mice showed a late onset and a low rate of retinal degeneration and they could be caused by other mechanisms. The GV-Ret treatment based on ER stress could save both the function and morphology of the retina in BBS mice
De, la Haye Duponsel Nathalie. "Socio-demographic, visual and psychological factors associated with adjustment to vision loss in retinitis pigmentosa." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8506.
Повний текст джерелаWhile there is extensive research on retinitis pigmentosa (RP) focusing on biological and hereditary aspects of the disease, little research regarding psychological adjustment has been conducted. These few studies suggest that people with RP adapt differently to vision impairment. This study investigated whether those with RP adapt differently to vision loss/impairment than those with other vision disorders. Telephone interviews of those with RP, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and albinism were conducted. Demographic information was gathered and psychological wellbeing was assessed using the Visual Function-14, Centre of Epidemiology Studies Depression-10 symptoms index, Impact of Vision Impairment Profile, Brief COPE, and Adaptation to Vision Loss Scale. In Experiment I it was found that individuals with RP did not differ from those with other diagnoses on any of the measures of psychological wellbeing and adaptation. Rather, demographic factors, visual factors such as declining and fluctuating vision, and pattern of vision loss, were better correlates of adaptation to and psychological wellbeing associated with vision loss/impairment. In Experiment II there was no difference found between those with RP and other diagnoses on any of the measures. Rather, factors such as perceived visual ability, self-identity, fear of social stigma and level of dependence were more closely related to adaptation to and psychological wellbeing associated with vision loss/impairment. The results of this study suggest that individuals with RP do not differ from those with other vision disorders in their adaptation to and psychological wellbeing associated with vision loss/impairment, but that other demographic, visual and psychological factors are more important.