Дисертації з теми "Ressources naturelles renouvelables"
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Francois, Bousquet. "Modélisation d'accompagnementSimulations multi-agents et gestion des ressources naturelles et renouvelables." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085861.
Повний текст джерелаLaroche, Rose. "Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution des ressources naturelles renouvelables du Brésil." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30244.
Повний текст джерелаPacheco, Baquero Janneth Milena. "Propriété de l'État et exploitation des ressources naturelles non renouvelables en Colombie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0434/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of interest in this research is directed at understanding the role of the owner state in modern economies and the point of part will be the study of the emergence and evolution of state ownership (The ownership of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons is excluded because they are governed by different and particular provisions on the subject), the conflicts which today generate its exploitation, in order to be confronted with The exercise of other rights affecting the sensitivity of communities and identify different criteria for resolution
Deybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Повний текст джерелаNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Dia, Ibrahima. "Dynamiques foncières, conflits et négociations autour des ressources naturelles renouvelables en Haute Casamance (Sénégal)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010579.
Повний текст джерелаBarrière, Olivier. "Gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables et conservation des écosystèmes au Sahel : le foncier-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010299.
Повний текст джерелаThe objet of the study is related to the research on a coviability between humans and ecosystems within a sahelian context whose environmental, socioeconomical and political data have deeply evolued since at least twenty years. An approach based on the anthropo-juridical study of the various exploitation systems and their interactions infers the fundamental imbrication of the land (defined as the substrate support of the biotic elements and the ecological process) and of the environment (composed in particular of the renewed resources as stakes of power relations). This approach in environmental law is made from a methodological attitude taking into account three observation scales : the village territory, the province and the region. Constituing the binomial spaceresource as unit of observation and as operative concept in every scales, it explores the relation man-natural environment by decorticating the land tenure frame of each of the exploitation systems taken individually and in interaction with the others. The aim is to think the principles of a right considering the interactions which weigh on the behaviour of individuals, on their decision and their action in terms of management of natural resources and which integrate the necessity of the longterme coviability of the biodiversity and of the cultural diversity. This right should constitute a change lever and allow to move from the conflicting and disorganized situation that the analysis of the social structures shows to a juridical situation where the liberty margin of the social actors and their respective responsability shares are clarified in accordance with the rights they have on the space-resources and in which they must be, in other respects, secured
Martinet, Vincent. "Interprétation du concept de développement durable dans les modèles économiques avec ressources naturelles." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100048.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation discusses the way the sustainability issue is addressed in the economic literature. We focus on the models dealing with the intertemporal allocation of non-renewable resources. Such a framework permits to address both the environmental and intergenerational equity issues. We describe the limits of neo-classical models and propose a different approach based on the search of invariant quantities that could be interpreted as the thing to preserve in the long run for a sustainable development. Two mathematical theories are used to define this invariant quantities : the Invariance Theory and the Viability Theory (also called Weak Invariance). Using the Noether Theorem we show that discounted utilitarianist criteria do lead to invariant quantities under very restrictive conditions only. We then propose to examine what could be guaranty to all generations, by linking the viability of a dynamic system to its sustainability. Finally, we show that, in the existing literature, there is no framework allowing to take into account the important issue of evolution of environmental preferences
Le, Gallic Bertrand. "Modélisation bioéconomique et gestion durable d'un système complexe de ressources communes renouvelables : application au cas des pêcheries de la Manche." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES6001.
Повний текст джерелаDao, The Minh. "Élaboration de nouveaux matériaux à partir de ressources naturelles renouvelables du Vietnam modifiées par des polysiloxanes." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12513.
Повний текст джерелаCornet, Alexandre. "Dynamiques et interactions en économie des ressources naturelles : usages des sols, pollution des terres et énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E066.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the interplay between dynamic economic policies concerning the use and preservation of natural resources and the technological, environmental and geographical frameworks in which they are implemented. The first chapter proposes an analysis of optimal peak load decarbonation pathways when back-up fossil fuels are being gradually substituted by stored intermittent renewable energy. We model the process of intermittent renewable energy storage under renewable energy surplus uncertainty in a Markovian framework and consider technical progress in both storage efficiency and capacity. This allows us to study the optimal storage policies with respect to carbon and storage costs, as well as the renewable energy surplus distribution. We analytically solve this problem under specific assumptions and use a value function iteration algorithm to investigate numerically on the optimal energy storage policies for peak load decarbonation in Portugal. Along with intermittency and storage costs, land use is another limitation to the development of renewable energy. In the second chapter of this thesis, we develop a macrodynamic growth model of the energy shift integrating land use constraints. Land is considered as a resource for agricultural production along with energy. Developing renewable energy uses space and thus interferes with the agricultural sector. Moreover, pollution abatement policies, such as forests preservation policies, also compete with renewable energy for land in order to reduce pollution from the use of fossil fuels. We theoretically study the competition in land use between agriculture, pollution abatement and renewable energy production and apply our model to study the development of a palm oil biodiesel sector in Brazil, along with the issues it rises regarding the Amazon forest preservation. The last chapter of this thesis also focuses on agricultural land, but this time to assess the impact of the agriculture activity on soil fertility. More precisely, we focus our analysis on a specific externality from the agricultural sector being diffuse soil pollution. Hence, we develop in this chapter a spatial growth model for an agricultural economy, in which pollution diffuses across space. We analytically show that, due to diffuse soil pollution, the economy can reach a long-term spatial equilibrium with a fertile region and a polluted region, and that the polluted region can either stagnate at low levels of fertility, or catch up with the fertile region. Our results are numerically illustrated, including the resiliency of the economy to recover from pollution shocks
Azizi, Jamal. "Gestion des ressources naturelles non renouvelables : Équilibre du marché, impacts socio-économiques et canaux potentiels de malédiction des ressources -Une application au Phosphate-." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the sustainable management of non-renewable resources in general and phosphate rock in particular. The first chapter presents the current situation, future trends and geopolitical issues pertaining to the global phosphate market. The analysis shows a large deficit in world phosphate supply in the future, inciting producers with sufficient phosphate reserves to invest in new capacities. The second chapter develops a multi-leader-multi-follower Stackelberg model, calibrated using real data from the phosphate market. This model derives the optimal future capacities for different producers according to their reserve levels and their development costs. The results show that the market would become more concentrated in 2100, with Morocco being the dominante country wich already holding three quarters of the world's reserves. The third chapter presents and calculates the linkage effects generated by Morocco’s phosphates exploitation. Using the Input-Output model, the proposed empirical analysis compares the socio-economic impacts of extraction to those related to transformation or valorization. The results of this analysis show that phosphates transformation is more linked to the other sectors and generates higher socio-economic impacts in terms of added value, income and employement. The last chapter contributes to the literature on the natural resources curse by linking agricultural performance and urbanization to the abundance of resources. The empirical study, based on a panel of African countries, shows a significant link between the abundance of mineral resources, the underdevelopment of the agricultural sector and urban explosion
Yavari, Ahmad. "Allocation des ressources naturelles renouvelables et le développement rural dans les milieux montagnards de l'Iran : exemple de modalités du développement rural et la dégradation des ressources naturelles végétales de l'Alborz central." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10277.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Tu Anh. "Sources de la croissance économique : capital matériel, capital humain, ressources naturelles et PTF." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010029.
Повний текст джерелаPiazza, Chifflet Adriana. "Modèles mathématiques pour la gestion optimale des ressources renouvelables : une application à la gestion soutenable d'une forêt mélangée." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20095.
Повний текст джерелаLages, Vinicius Nobre. "Modalités de mise en valeur de ressources renouvelables dans le tropique humide : une étude comparative de l'agriculture sur le littoral de l'État d'Alagoas (Brésil) et du Kerala (Inde)." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0025.
Повний текст джерелаBassisty, Elisabeth. "Apport de l'imagerie spatiale haute résolution (spot xs, landsat tm) à l'observation et au suivi des ressources naturelles renouvelables en zone steppique aride (sud-algérois)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30108.
Повний текст джерелаKambogo, Guy-Roger. "Le développement des PME dans le secteur des ressources naturelles renouvelables au Gabon : le cas du secteur du bois au niveau de la première transformation /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2228317R.html.
Повний текст джерелаKambogo, Guy-Roger. "Le développement des PME dans le secteur des ressources naturelles renouvelables au Gabon : le cas du secteur du bois au niveau de la première transformation." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2784/1/000680591.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Thi Tuyet Mai. "Essay on natural resources, economic growth, development and equity." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E019.
Повний текст джерелаSustainable development is an attractive topic for economists. In the literature on economic growth and sustainable development, there are two core approaches used in most discussions. The first one is recognizing the importance of natural resources as well as strategies for using these resources for economic development in the context of their depletion. The second one is the issue of intergenerational equity in which the needs of the present generations can be assured without compromising the ability to meet the needs of the future generation. My thesis aims to study theoretical models on natural resources, economic growth, development and equity. Chapter I considers a two-sector economy with externalities. We study a theoretical model that investigates the relationship between the optimal dynamics of economic growth using renewable resources and environmental quality. In this model, the industrial sector uses intermediate inputs to produce a final consumption good, and another sector, called the exploitation sector, engages in exploiting a renewable resource. This resource can be sold directly at an exogenously determined market price, generating an additional source of income. We also take into account the negative externalities of the polluting industrial sector on the regenerating capacity of the renewable resource sector. Without the usual convexity or the super-modularity, we prove that the economy evolves to increase the net gain of stock some day in the future. This property ensures that in the long run, the economy gets very close to a steady state. We also establish the conditions ensuring the convergence of the economy in the long run. For sustainable development, one of the most difficult problems relying on criteria for Social Welfare Function is the reconciliation between equality and efficiency. The Anonymity Axiom states that the social ordering is invariant to the information regarding individual orderings. The Pareto Axiom imposes that if at least one generation increases its utility then the social welfare must improve. However, there is no SWF which satisfies both the Anonymity and Pareto Axioms. To overcome this difficulty, some authors propose several approaches to mitigate these axioms. Therefore, a lot of criteria have been introduced such as: Dominance, Weak Dominance, Weak Pareto, Monotonicity and so on. In the second chapter of my thesis, we have revisited some properties of a SWF in the literature taking into account the continuity of this SWF under different topologies. […] Furthermore, we propose the notions weak no-dictactorship and strong no-dictatorship of the present and the future following the spirit of Chichilniski and provide a detailed description for parameters characterizing the two No dictatorship. In chapter 3, we study an inter-temporal optimization problem using a criterion which is a combination of Ramsey and Rawls criteria. A detailed description of the saving behavior through time is provided. […] The last chapter develops a theoretical model to access the determinants of the effectiveness of Special Economic Zone and the conditions for its implementation. The results of this study show that there is a threshold such that for all the initial savings of a country above this level, it will be optimal to invest in new technology. Moreover, several factors including the price of technological capital, the wage of high-skilled labor, the initial income of the economy and the total factor productivity in the SEZ sector, endogenously determine this threshold. This chapter also proposes a service sector as an additional source to the accumulated capital, that can help the country pass this threshold
Courboules, Jérôme. "Contribution de la télédétection à haute et très haute résolution spatiale à la perception des ressources naturelles renouvelables : exemples d'applications aux zones littorales tropicales de la Mer Rouge (données TM de LANDSAT4, HRV de SPOT1 et photographies aériennes numérisées)." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4333.
Повний текст джерелаRostom, Fatma Zahra. "Sustainable metal extraction, steady-state good production and cooperative wealth allocation among nations and generations : a transdisciplinary approach." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E050.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation offers a transdisciplinary modeling approach to feed the debates raised by the long-run availability of mineral materials. It investigates the plausibility of a depletion threat posed to key metal resources within the current century. The first chapter studies the supply and demand of fossil materials at a global scale and further focuses on the functioning of the copper mining sector. Our work provides conditions under which the extraction of copper can be sustained and lead to a plateau instead of a peak, among which the stabilization of the demand for copper and the significant increase in collecting and recycling rates. The second chapter embeds the extracting sector into the whole global economy and evaluates theoretically the consequences of the mining dynamics on the long-run growth of output. We demonstrate that the unique desirable long-run steady state is stationary. The third chapter explores the implications of natural resource scarcity in terms of global trade and international cooperation. We show that if the countries of a coalition follow a long-term cooperation strategy in terms of extraction, investment, and resource trade, then the best way to optimize their own consumption while caring about future generations is to form a global coalition. This dissertation proposes a new way of considering global trade in the setting of an exhaustible resource and demonstrates that a global coalition where natural and productive wealth is commonly shared is to the advantage of all countries
Barnaud, Cécile. "Équité, jeux de pouvoir et légitimité : les dilemmes d'une gestion concertée des ressources renouvelables : mise à l'épreuve d'une posture d'accompagnement critique dans deux systèmes agraires des hautes terres du nord de la Thaïlande." Paris 10, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373633.
Повний текст джерелаParticipatory approaches are nowadays widely used in the field of renewable resources management, but designers of such approaches are facing dilemmas, especially in highly heterogeneous social contexts. On the one hand, some of them stand accused of being naively manipulated by the most powerful local stakeholders, while on the other hand, others are accused of intervening on social systems to empower some particular stakeholders without having the legitimacy to do so. Facing such dilemmas, this dissertation examines the testing of a critical companion approach based on a conceptual framework referring, among others, to negotiation theories. This approach recognizes the necessity to take into account the local stakeholders' power games to avoid the risk of increasing initial inequities. The dissertation draws on the experimentation and reflexive analysis of two companion modelling (ComMod) processes conducted with such a critical approach in two agrarian systems in the highlands of Northern Thailand. We show that local power games express themselves in ComMod processes and that some of them might be obstacles to the emergence of an equitable concerted process. We also demonstrate that, through his methodological choices, the designer of a ComMod process is able to overcome some of these obstacles to a certain extent. Consequently, the implementation of a ComMod process is far from being a neutral exercise. It requires a critical reflection on the process, in particular on the designer's legitimacy in the eyes of local stakeholders
Requier-Desjardins, Mélanie. "Elevages et transhumances à l'extrême-nord du Cameroun : une étude des contrats d'accès aux pâturages communs : enquêtes en milieu pastoral et essai de modélisation contractuelle)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS0013.
Повний текст джерелаIn the Soudanian area, the main rural activities are those of farming and breeding. There is a competition between sedentary, transhumant breeders, and peasants for the use of the grazing land. Desertification threats and the decentralization of the States whose lands have traditionnally been managed autonomously require a reexamination of the way the users manage to have access to these resources. In order to characterise the states of access to pasture land, we have carried out an analysis of costs and contracts of access. We assume the contracts pattern has an incidence on the resource use dynamics. The methodology combines a field study carried out in northern Cameroon, and the building of a multi-agent simulation model. The model is inspired by the transaction costs analyses and by the observed trends of common resources management. Exchanges take place between transhumant agents owning herds, and sedentary agents who are responsible for the access to the grazing land. They negociate contracts so that the herds can have access to the water and the pasture land. We observe the impacts of two different kinds of contracts, smallest cost versus trust, on the pasture land evolutions characterised by a limited carrying capacity. This models is a way of exploring and testing the internal consistancy of our assumptions and works as a tool of communication between the theory and the field study. Empirical investigations conducted on a single transhumancy line dealt mainly with the breeders'taxes. We draw up an historical inventory of the amounts collected by local authorities for the use of pasture land. An interpretation is given in terms of the land point of view. Then, we develop interpretations in terms of social reciprocity. These results are complemented by the study of pastoral labour force contracts, whose analysis in term of trust brings us back to the model
Kanouni, Hassani Rams, and Hassani Rams Kanouni. "Impact de l'incertitude sur la gestion de l'environnement et des ressources naturelles : une analyse en temps continu par la programmation dynamique et les options réelles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18709.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse utilise la mathématique et la théorie de l'économie financière pour étudier la gestion de la pollution, la valeur d'une centrale électrique thermique et le prix d'une ressource naturelle non renouvelable. Elle est composée de trois essais. Le premier essai analyse la décision d'investir afin de réduire les émissions d'un polluant de type stock sous deux types d'incertitude : économique (ce qui rend les émissions stochastiques car elles sont une conséquence de l’activité économique) et environnementale (ce qui affecte directement le stock de polluant). La littérature économique récente semble indiquer qu'en présence d'incertitude et de coûts irréversibles, l'action d’investir devrait être retardée. Nous utilisons des concepts de la théorie des options réelles et formulons ce problème de planificateur central comme un problème d'arrêt optimal en temps continu. Nous dérivons la règle d'arrêt correspondante et montrons que lorsque l'incertitude environnementale ou économique est suffisamment élevée, il est optimal d'investir immédiatement pour réduire les émissions. Ces résultats ont des implications sur la gestion des stocks de polluant stock, notamment pour la gestion des gaz à effet de serre. Le second essai s’appuie sur la théorie des options réelles pour évaluer la valeur d’une centrale électrique dans un marché déréglementé. Ce travail est motivé par la vague de déréglementation qui a sévi récemment dans le secteur de l'électricité. La littérature existante cherche plutôt à trouver la valeur d'option de vente d'une certaine quantité d'électricité à un moment donné dans le futur ou modélise la décision d'opérer une centrale électrique par simulation. Notre formulation considère qu'une usine de production d'électricité peut être dans deux états (à l'arrêt ou en fonctionnement); dans chaque état, la firme possède une option « call américaine » sur l'autre état et le passage d'un état à l'autre est coûteux. Nous supposons que le « spark spread » suit un processus de retour à la moyenne avec changements de régime et nous utilisons des données du marché californien pour notre application empirique. Nous montrons qu'avec la prise en compte des coûts de suspension et de génération d'électricité, il y a un effet d'hystérésis: les seuils de spark spread pour les décisions de produire et d'arrêter la production diffèrent. Nous utilisons ensuite ces règles de fonctionnement à court terme dans une méthodologie basée sur des simulations Monte Carlo pour estimer la valeur de la centrale. Le troisième essai rend plus générale la formulation du modèle de Gaudet et Khadr (1991) en considérant une fonction d'utilité non espérée afin de dériver une généralisation de la règle d'Hotelling. Alors que dans le cadre de l'utilité espérée la différence entre le taux de rendement espéré de l'actif risqué (la ressource non renouvelable) et celui d'un actif certain égale une prime de risque qui ne dépend que du coefficient d'aversion relative au risque et de la covariance entre la consommation et le rendement de l'actif risqué, cela n'est plus vrai avec notre fonction d'utilité plus générale. Nous montrons que la prime de risque dépend alors aussi de l'élasticité de substitution intertemporelle (qui n'est plus nécessairement égale à l'inverse du coefficient d'aversion relative au risque), de l'incertitude de l'utilité indirecte et de l'incertitude de l'utilité marginale de la richesse. La prise en compte de ces paramètres additionnels peut avoir des conséquences importantes. Supposons en effet que l'élasticité de substitution intertemporelle soit suffisamment élevée et que l'incertitude de l'utilité indirecte soit suffisamment faible relativement à celle de l'utilité marginale de la richesse. Alors, même si le consommateur est riscophobe et si la covariance entre la consommation et le rendement de la ressource non renouvelable est positive, il est possible que le consommateur exige une prime pour détenir l'actif risqué. Le taux de rendement espéré de ce dernier est inférieur au taux de rendement certain. Ce résultat est bien entendu exclu dans le cas de l'utilité espérée.
Using tools from mathematical finance and economic theory, this thesis studies the impact of uncertainty and irreversibility on decision-making related to the management of pollution, energy production, and the extraction of a non-renewable resource. It consists of three essays. The first essay analyzes the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant under two types of uncertainty: economic (emissions are stochastic because of changes in economic activity) and environmental (which affects directly the stock of pollutant). A number of recent papers find that the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant should be delayed in the presence of sunk costs and uncertainty. Using concepts from the theory of Real Options, we formulate a social planning problem in continuous time, derive the corresponding optimal stopping rule, and show that when economic or environmental uncertainty is large enough, it is optimal to invest immediately to reduce emissions. These results have implications for the management of stock pollutants and particularly for global warming. The second essay is concerned with the valuation of energy generating assets in a deregulated electricity market. The recent wave of deregulation initiatives in the electricity industry has created the need to value energy-generating assets in an uncertain environment in order to facilitate their sale. However, a number of authors have noted discrepancies between valuations predicted by a conventional cost-benefit approach and observed transactions. In this chapter, I analyze the importance of explicitly accounting for technological constraints in the generation process by modeling the decision to start and stop the production of electricity by a gas-powered plant. With the inclusion of these constraints, the generator may be in two different states, idle or generating electricity. In either state its operator has a call option to switch to the other state. These options depend on the spark spread (the difference between the price of electricity and the price of the fuel used to generate it, adjusted for equivalent units), which is assumed to follow a mean reverting process with regime changes. I use data from the California deregulated market to estimate the thresholds for starting and stopping production. These results are entered in a simple simulation framework to estimate the value of the electricity-generating asset in a competitive market. I find significant differences between a standard cost-benefit analysis and this Real Options approach. In my third essay, I derive a testable form of the price dynamics of a non-renewable natural resource in the context of a general equilibrium portfolio choice model where the representative agent has a non-expected utility function. The non-renewable nature of the resource introduces an element of irreversibility in the portfolio choice. An analog of Hotelling's rule is derived. In an expected utility framework, the difference between the rate of return of the risky asset (the non-renewable resource) and that of the riskless one equals a risk premium that depends only on the coefficient of relative risk aversion and the covariance between consumption and the return of the risky asset. I show that with this more general specification of the utility function, the risk premium depends also on the instantaneous elasticity of substitution (IES, which is not necessarily equal to the inverse of the coefficient of relative risk aversion), the uncertainty of the indirect utility function and the uncertainty of the marginal utility of wealth. These results have important consequences. If the IES is large enough and if the uncertainty of the indirect utility function is small enough, a risk-averse consumer may be willing to pay a premium to hold the risky asset even though the covariance between its return and consumption is positive. This case is of course excluded in the expected utility framework.
Using tools from mathematical finance and economic theory, this thesis studies the impact of uncertainty and irreversibility on decision-making related to the management of pollution, energy production, and the extraction of a non-renewable resource. It consists of three essays. The first essay analyzes the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant under two types of uncertainty: economic (emissions are stochastic because of changes in economic activity) and environmental (which affects directly the stock of pollutant). A number of recent papers find that the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant should be delayed in the presence of sunk costs and uncertainty. Using concepts from the theory of Real Options, we formulate a social planning problem in continuous time, derive the corresponding optimal stopping rule, and show that when economic or environmental uncertainty is large enough, it is optimal to invest immediately to reduce emissions. These results have implications for the management of stock pollutants and particularly for global warming. The second essay is concerned with the valuation of energy generating assets in a deregulated electricity market. The recent wave of deregulation initiatives in the electricity industry has created the need to value energy-generating assets in an uncertain environment in order to facilitate their sale. However, a number of authors have noted discrepancies between valuations predicted by a conventional cost-benefit approach and observed transactions. In this chapter, I analyze the importance of explicitly accounting for technological constraints in the generation process by modeling the decision to start and stop the production of electricity by a gas-powered plant. With the inclusion of these constraints, the generator may be in two different states, idle or generating electricity. In either state its operator has a call option to switch to the other state. These options depend on the spark spread (the difference between the price of electricity and the price of the fuel used to generate it, adjusted for equivalent units), which is assumed to follow a mean reverting process with regime changes. I use data from the California deregulated market to estimate the thresholds for starting and stopping production. These results are entered in a simple simulation framework to estimate the value of the electricity-generating asset in a competitive market. I find significant differences between a standard cost-benefit analysis and this Real Options approach. In my third essay, I derive a testable form of the price dynamics of a non-renewable natural resource in the context of a general equilibrium portfolio choice model where the representative agent has a non-expected utility function. The non-renewable nature of the resource introduces an element of irreversibility in the portfolio choice. An analog of Hotelling's rule is derived. In an expected utility framework, the difference between the rate of return of the risky asset (the non-renewable resource) and that of the riskless one equals a risk premium that depends only on the coefficient of relative risk aversion and the covariance between consumption and the return of the risky asset. I show that with this more general specification of the utility function, the risk premium depends also on the instantaneous elasticity of substitution (IES, which is not necessarily equal to the inverse of the coefficient of relative risk aversion), the uncertainty of the indirect utility function and the uncertainty of the marginal utility of wealth. These results have important consequences. If the IES is large enough and if the uncertainty of the indirect utility function is small enough, a risk-averse consumer may be willing to pay a premium to hold the risky asset even though the covariance between its return and consumption is positive. This case is of course excluded in the expected utility framework.
Rakotoarison, Hanitra. "ANALYSE ET MODÉLISATION DE LA GESTION DU GRAND GIBIER : CAS DE LA RÉGION AQUITAINE." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433426.
Повний текст джерелаMosiño, Alejandro. "Investing in the environment : essays on energy efficiency and on the substitution of resources." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENA021/document.
Повний текст джерелаGreenhouse gases (GHG) are responsible for some climate change. Humanity faces a choice: either reducing the emissions of these gases or adapt to climate change. In this dissertation we focus on the first solution under the premise that a large part of the greenhouse effect comes from human activities. More precisely, we propose some essays on modeling the determinants of investing in reducing GHG through improving energy efficiency and substituting non-renewable resources (fossil fuels) by renewable resources. We first try and explain the slow diffusion of some energy efficient investments in a general equilibrium framework. We then study the determinants of switching from non-renewable resources to renewable resources when these are perfect substitutes. Finally, we account for the need of dirty resources even if cleaner technologies are available. All these issues are based on models that cannot be fully solved analytically, therefore we also propose in this dissertation a methodology based on the properties of Chebyshev polynomials to compute the solutions
Marin, Valérie. "La gestion d'une ressource renouvelable : application aux pêcheries." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020051.
Повний текст джерелаMasra, Succès. "L'Afrique face aux défis de l'économie post-pétrole : du rôle des institutions financières de développement dans la promotion des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E033.
Повний текст джерелаIn 2015, during the COP 21, on the occasion of the global climate agreement in Paris, Africa committed under the Leadership of the African Development Bank Group (AfDB) and its other technical and financial partners, to install a capacity of 300 GW of renewable energy by 2030. This ambitious target set in the framework of the African Renewable Energy Initiative (AREI) for which AfDB is the executing agency, completes its commitment of the decade 2005-2015, which permitted it to increase the share of renewable energy from 4% to 20% of its energy portfolio. Yet, Africa remains the continent which, despite its strong renewable energy potential (10 TW of solar, 350 GW hydroelectric, 110 GW wind and 15 GW of geothermal potential), is paradoxically characterized by two third of its population (645 millions) without access to modern energy sources (AfDB, 2016). It is in this context of energy emergency in one hand and the need for sustainable energy solutions on the other hand, that our thesis, based on renewable energy projects designed or implemented as Principal Energy Economist within the AfDB over the period 2010-2015, analyzes how AfDB, as the first African Development Financing Institution covering the 54 African countries, can assist this continent to better meet the challenges of the post-oil economy, through a more effective development of renewable energy. This analysis, essentially normative, allows us to achieve a double set of recommendations both internal and external to the AfDB in the perspective of enhanced effectiveness of Official Development Aid channeled by this institution, from the specific angle of the promotion of renewable energy
Clootens, Nicolas. "Trois essais sur les Relations de Long Terme entre Croissance et Environnement." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE0505/document.
Повний текст джерелаHuman activities and the environment interact through multiple and complex relations. Can the natural environment be viewed as a limit to growth ? This thesis tries to develop answers to this crucial question.The first chapter shows that environmental degradations may constitute a brake on growth diminishing life expectancy, and thus savings. It also shows that environmental poverty traps may exist. However,public environmental policies may help countries to escape from such traps, and to reach a higher level of income per capita. In the second chapter, we suggest that the existence of polluting non-renewable resources necessary for production may hamper growth. However, we show that flow pollutions caused by the use of resources can’t be seen as a development brake. Then, following neoclassical works of the1970s, we confirm that exogenous technological progress and sufficient substitution possibilities mayal low to overcome difficulties linked to the exhaustibility of resources. Finally, the third chapter demonstrates that, in low-income economies, strong resource dependency dampens growth while abundanceis growth promoting. Dependence is the outcome of economic choices. Thus a diversification policy that consists on investing the rent in secondary and tertiary sectors may help reduce dependence. Finally, we suggest that the development of education, institutions, and financial markets may allow to decrease the probability to experience a resource curse
Kirat, Yassine. "Economic and environmental impacts of natural resources abundance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E056.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines how societies use and sustain the natural resources that fundamentally shape human well-being, the environment and the economy. The links between economic prosperity, resources and environmental preservation are complex and diverse. This implies that, if all dimensions are not taken into account in public policy making, any progress in achieving objectives in these areas can be hindered by undesirable outcomes. A key issue in development studies is how natural resource wealth affects long-term economic growth. In order to address this question, the first chapter examines the impact of non-conventional resource development on the US manufacturing sector over the period 1997-2013. In the same veine, chapter 3 examines the impact of abundant natural resources on the economy by exploiting the volatility channel of natural resources rent on a panel of 103 countries between 1985-2014. Moreover, the extraction and processing of natural resources are often energy-intensive activities that involve large-scale ecosystem alterations. Chapter 2 of the thesis investigates the impact of natural resource abundance on CO2 intensity in developed countries over the period 1995-2014
Azzouni, Anis. "Politique énergétique et énergies renouvelables en Europe du nord, dans le cadre du développement durable." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040003.
Повний текст джерелаOur new challenge is to succeed in protecting the environment; we have to reduce our energy consumption. The development of renewable energies will decrease greenhouse gases and our energy consumption. The Nordic countries have set up a different energy policy, depending on their own natural resources and know-how. It’s not easy to reduce energy consumption when needs are increasing. Political choices are very important, especially during this crisis period. We must use this new green revolution to revitalize the economy, create employment and build a good sustainable development, which respects the environment and society. The Nordic countries share the same culture, history and language, but their energy policies are different. Norway has chosen hydrocarbons, Denmark wind power, Sweden and Finland nuclear power and Iceland geothermal energy. These choices have always been an argument for the reduction of greenhouse gases, even if the reality is sometimes different. The Nordic countries are setting a good example to the world in sustainable development and showing a new way of life and thinking for the next generations
Lefaudeux, Frédérique. "Gestion internationale d'une ressource naturelle renouvelable : étude d'un stock halieutique localise en zone commune à plusieurs pays." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100039.
Повний текст джерелаBabin, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude d'une ressource naturelle renouvelable : la pêche professionnelle en eau douce en France." Rennes 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN20013.
Повний текст джерелаFrésard, Marjolaine. "Analyse économique du contrôle d'une invasion biologique. Modélisation théorique et application à la pêcherie de coquille Saint-Jacques de la baie de Saint-Brieuc envahie par la crépidule." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366213.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Tu-Anh. "Sources des la Croissance Économique: Capital matériel. Capital humain, Ressources naturelles et PTF." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402443.
Повний текст джерелаMakhloufi, Hind. "Agents apoptotiques issus de la flore endolichénique pour la lutte contre les cancers chimio-résistants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0062.
Повний текст джерелаCancer became one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with breast, lung and colon cancers being the most prevalent. Endolichenic fungi, non-pathogenic fungi found in lichens, could offer a breakthrough by providing new bioactive compounds with anticancer potential. Currently, chemoresistance is a major challenge in cancer treatment. Our study aims to combine metabolomic analysis and biological results alongside phytochemical studies on endolichenic fungi extracts to isolate molecules with antiproliferative activity against chemo resistant colorectal cancer (HT-29) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines.Thus, this work first led to the establishment of molecular networks to study the chemical diversity of endolichenic fungi extracts. This was followed by biological assays to guide phytochemical studies of extracts showing antiproliferative activity on one or both chemo resistant cancer lines. Finally, this approach enabled us to annotate, identify molecules in the molecular networks and isolate 13 molecules, whose antiproliferative activity on HT-29 cells was evaluated
Pascal, Benjamin. "DE LA « TERRE DES ANCÊTRES » AUX TERRITOIRES DES VIVANTS : Les enjeux locaux de la gouvernance sur le littoral sud-ouest de Madagascar." Phd thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0009.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing in-depth rethinking of the renewable resources management, local governance is now the subject of growing interest among the administration and scientific communities. Our study tackles this wide issue, in particular by using empirical data collected on the southwestern Malagasy coast. Detached from the prescriptive aspects (through the notion of “good governance”), we see that this concept covers a particularly interesting analytical dimension. This involves considering the dynamic processes of elaboration and interaction that are established between several types of actors and institutions involved in the management and use of the same space. In view of the complexity of these processes, I will then explore the links between local governance and territoriality of the actors. Locally, the effects of the exogenous interventions are then analysed from the angle of territorial dynamics
Steinmetz, Fabien. "Les déterminants de la trajectoire économique d'une pêcherie complexe : cas de la pêche française dans le golfe de Gascogne." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491849.
Повний текст джерелаHarbour-Marsan, Ève. "Gouvernance et bilan depuis 1994 de l'approvisionnement énergétique au Nunavik : quelle est la participation des Inuits?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31886.
Повний текст джерелаRenewable energy, diesel power generation, Energy transition, Nunavik, Arctic, Canada, North of Quebec, Inuit, Aboriginals, First Nations, comanagement, governance, aboriginal participation, remote area, regional development, power relations The territory of Nunavik, mainly inhabited by the Inuit, is almost exclusively supplied by fossils energies. Ever since the hydroelectric development at James Bay and the suspension of the Grande- Baleine hydroelectric project, the energy sociopolitical environment in Nunavik had not been analyzed despite the socio-political upheaval that these projects had caused for Indigenous groups. The lack of interest in this issue is surprising considering the intensity of mining activity that is anticipated in the Plan Nord vision, and the repeated government and Hydro-Québec commitments to convert thermal power stations and to carry out projects in partnership with Aboriginal people. Carried out through a geopolitical analysis, the objective of this research was to answer the following questions. What are the energy projects developed, promoted and considered since 1994 for Nunavik? How the government and Hydro-Québec commitments and orientations, in regard to energy, have been implemented in Nunavik? Are the representations and concerns of certain actors more taken into account in the projects? How are the Inuit involved in decisions? Data are from from semi-structured interviews, institutional documents, the legal framework, improved by an internship within the Quebec Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. The results show that the energy strategy is focused on smaller renewable energies, but large hydropower projects are not neglected. Structures allow Inuit to be represented in decisions without giving them real control. Our analysis reveals that the expertise, the legal framework and rivalries, within Inuit society, undermine the greater participation and autonomy of Inuit in projects.
Mongruel, Rémi. "Economie politique de la rente generee par l'exploitation industrielle et commerciale d'une ressource naturelle renouvelable : les filieres europeennes du thon tropical." Montpellier, ENSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENSA0028.
Повний текст джерелаAtewamba, Calvin. "Trois essais en économie des ressources naturelles." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8583.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis consists of three articles on the economics of nonrenewable natural re- sources. We consider in turn the following questions : the in-situ price of nonrenewable natural resources, the optimal extraction rate and the price of nonrenewable and durable resources. The purpose of the first article is to estimate the in-situ price of nonrenewable natural resources using average extraction cost data as proxy for marginal cost. Using the regime switching Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique, a dynamic of the market price derived from the first-order conditions of a Hotelling model is estimated with panel data for fourteen nonrenewable resources. I find results that tend to support the model. First, it appears that the Hotelling model has a good explanatory power of the observed market prices. Second, although the fitted prices seem to be subject to structural breaks over time, this does not have a significant impact on the explanatory power of the model. Third, there is evidence that marginal extraction cost can be approximated by average extraction cost data. Fourth, when allowing for structural breaks, estimates of the in-situ price decrease or exhibit an inverted U-shape over time and appear to be positively correlated with the market price. Fifth, for nine of the fourteen minerals, the difference between the estimates of the in-situ price with and without allowing for structural breaks is a zero-mean process.