Статті в журналах: "Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography (RIP)"

1

Hargrove, Jeff, Eric D. Zemper, and Mary L. Jannausch. "Respiratory Measurement Utilizing a Novel Laser Displacement Technique: Normal Tidal Breathing." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-43.4.327.

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Abstract A novel technique for achieving plethysmography measurements utilizing noncontact laser displacement sensors is described. This method may have utility in measuring respiratory and pulmonary function similar to that of respiratory inductive plethysmography. The authors describe the apparatus and method and provide results of a validation study comparing respiratory excursion data obtained by (1) the laser sensor technique, (2) standard respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP), and (3) lung volume measurements determined by pressure variations in a control volume. Six healthy volunteers (five female, one male, ages ranging from 19 to 23 years) were measured for tidal breathing excursions simultaneously via all three measurement techniques. Results: Excellent correlation between the techniques was shown. Pairwise comparisons among all three measurement techniques across all subjects showed intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.995 in each case. These results indicate the laser plethysmograph (LP) system provides results that are, at a minimum, equivalent to those of the RIP at the two sites commonly measured by RIP. Use of the LP system has the potential to provide much more extensive and precise measurements of chest wall function and the respiratory musculature.

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2

Revow, M. D., S. J. England, H. A. Stogryn, and D. L. Wilkes. "Comparison of calibration methods for respiratory inductive plethysmography in infants." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 5 (November 1, 1987): 1853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.5.1853.

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In infants under the age of 6 mo respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP)-calculated tidal volumes (VT) were compared with simultaneously measured volumes using a pneumotachograph (PNT) to 1) assess whether using multiple points (MP) along the inspiratory profile of a breath is superior to using only VT when calculating volume-motion (VM) coefficients, 2) verify the assumption of independent contributions of the abdomen and rib cage to VT, which was accomplished by extending the normal RIP model to include a term representing interaction between these two compartments, and 3) investigate whether VM coefficients are sleep-state dependent. Neither use of multiple points nor inclusion of the interacting term improved the performance of the RIP over that observed using a simple two-compartment model with VT measurements. However, VM coefficients obtained during quiet sleep (QS) were not reliable when used during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, suggesting that coefficients obtained during one sleep state may not be applicable to another state where there is a substantial change in the relative abdominal/rib cage contributions to VT.

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3

Weber, Kaye, Sherry E. Courtney, Kee H. Pyon, Gordon Y. Chang, Paresh B. Pandit, and Robert H. Habib. "Detecting lung overdistention in newborns treated with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.364.

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Positive airway pressure (Paw) during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) increases lung volume and can lead to lung overdistention with potentially serious adverse effects. To date, no method is available to monitor changes in lung volume (ΔVl) in HFOV-treated infants to avoid overdistention. In five newborn piglets (6–15 days old, 2.2–4.2 kg), we investigated the use of direct current-coupled respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) for this purpose by evaluating it against whole body plethysmography. Animals were instrumented, fitted with RIP bands, paralyzed, sedated, and placed in the plethysmograph. RIP and plethysmography were simultaneously calibrated, and HFOV was instituted at varying Paw settings before (6–14 cmH2O) and after (10–24 cmH2O) repeated warm saline lung lavage to induce experimental surfactant deficiency. Estimates of ΔVl from both methods were in good agreement, both transiently and in the steady state. Maximal changes in lung volume (ΔVl max) from all piglets were highly correlated with ΔVl measured by RIP (in ml) = 1.01 × changes measured by whole body plethysmography − 0.35; r 2 = 0.95. Accuracy of RIP was unchanged after lavage. Effective respiratory system compliance (Ceff) decreased after lavage, yet it exhibited similar sigmoidal dependence on ΔVl max pre- and postlavage. A decrease in Ceff (relative to the previous Paw setting) as ΔVl max was methodically increased from low to high Paw provided a quantitative method for detecting lung overdistention. We conclude that RIP offers a noninvasive and clinically applicable method for accurately estimating lung recruitment during HFOV. Consequently, RIP allows the detection of lung overdistention and selection of optimal HFOV from derived Ceff data.

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4

Sackner, M. A., H. Watson, A. S. Belsito, D. Feinerman, M. Suarez, G. Gonzalez, F. Bizousky, and B. Krieger. "Calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmograph during natural breathing." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.1.410.

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We describe a single-posture method for deriving the proportionality constant (K) between rib cage (RC) and abdominal (AB) amplifiers of the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP). Qualitative diagnostic calibration (QDC) is based on equations of the isovolume maneuver calibration (ISOCAL) and is carried out during a 5-min period of natural breathing without using mouthpiece or mask. In this situation, K approximates the ratio of standard deviations (SD) of the uncalibrated changes of AB-to-RC volume deflections. Validity of calibration was evaluated by 1) analyzing RIP waveforms during an isovolume maneuver and 2) comparing changes of tidal volume (VT) amplitude and functional residual capacity (FRC) level measured by spirometry (SP) with RIP values. Comparisons of VT(RIP) to VT(SP) were also obtained in a variety of postures during natural (uninstructed) preferential RC and AB breathing and with voluntary changes of VT amplitude and FRC level. VT(RIP)-to-VT(SP) comparisons were equal to or closer than published reports for single posture, ISOCAL, multiple- and linear-regression procedures. QDC of RIP in supine posture with comparisons to SP in that posture and others showed better accuracy in horizontal than upright postures.

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5

Whyte, K. F., M. Gugger, G. A. Gould, J. Molloy, P. K. Wraith, and N. J. Douglas. "Accuracy of respiratory inductive plethysmograph in measuring tidal volume during sleep." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 5 (November 1, 1991): 1866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1866.

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Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) has been widely used to measure ventilation during sleep, but its accuracy in this role has not been adequately tested. We have thus examined the accuracy of the RIP by comparing tidal volume measured with RIP with that measured by a pneumotachograph in eight unrestrained normal subjects during sleep. We have also studied the effect of posture on the accuracy of the RIP. In all sleep stages the correlation between RIP tidal volume measurements and expired volume showed relatively poor correlations (mean r = 0.49–0.60), and the bias of the measurements varied widely. Changes in posture altered the correlations between the two measurements, with no systematic differences between positions. When the subjects resumed a position, the 95% confidence intervals of tidal volume measurement did not overlap the original confidence limits in that posture on 13 of 25 occasions. This study shows that the RIP does not accurately measure tidal volume during sleep in unrestrained subjects and should only be used for semiquantitative assessment of ventilation during sleep.

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6

Abdulhay, Enas, Pierre-Yves Gumery, R. Ilango, S. Hariharasitaraman, M. Thilagaraj, N. Arunkumar, and Gustavo Ramirez-Gonzalez. "Stroke Volume Estimation from Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography: Double Empirical Decomposition." Scientific Programming 2022 (January 31, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9942367.

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In this study, we have developed a “double-empirical mode decomposition algorithm” to estimate cardiac stroke volume from respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) signals. The algorithm consists of first an ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to extract the cardiorespiratory components. Then, it is followed by an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to extract only the cardiac components. This double approach permits (a) solving problems of mixing between cardiac and respiratory components (mode and scale mixing), (b) cardiogenic oscillations extraction in the respiratory inductive plethysmography signal, and (c) subsequent estimation of stroke volume. The algorithm is applied to simulated and real RIP signals. The simulated signals are generated by a cardiorespiratory model previously published by the authors. The real signals are measured via a developed inductive vest. In the real case, the values of estimated stroke volumes are compared to the values obtained by thoracocardiographic filter-based method. In the simulated case, the values are compared to the simulated cardiac activity. The results of comparison through Bland and Altman indicate an error lying in the range ±10%. In contrast to thoracocardiography, the proposed method consists of a promising tool for continuous noninvasive adaptive cardiac monitoring that does not need adjusting parameters or cut-off based on ECG. Also, in comparison to echocardiography and impedance-based methods, it does not necessitate the presence of an expert and is not too sensitive to current penetration.

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7

Tobin, M. J., S. M. Guenther, W. Perez, and M. J. Mador. "Accuracy of the respiratory inductive plethysmograph during loaded breathing." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.2.497.

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Indirect methods of measuring ventilation, such as the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP), operate on the assumption that the respiratory system possesses two degrees of freedom of motion: the rib cage and abdomen. Accurate measurements have been obtained in many patients with pulmonary disease who possess additional degrees of freedom. Since calibration and validation of the RIP was carried out during quiet breathing in these patients, the amount of asynchronous or paradoxic breathing was presumably similar during the calibration and validation runs. Conversely, accuracy might be lost if following the initial calibration procedure the magnitude of chest wall distortion increased during subsequent validation runs. We calibrated the RIP during quiet breathing and examined its accuracy while subsequently breathing against resistive loads that required the generation of 20–80% of the subject's maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (Pmmax). We compared the relative accuracy of three commonly employed calibration methods: isovolume technique, least-squares technique, and single position loop-area technique. Up to 60% of Pmmax, 89% of the RIP values with the least-squares technique were within +/- 10% of simultaneous spirometric (SP) measurements and 100% were within +/- 20% of SP, compared with 63 and 91%, respectively, for the loop-area technique and 19 and 54%, respectively, for the isovolume technique. At 70 and 80% of Pmmax accuracy deteriorated. Accuracy of respiratory timing was judged in terms of fractional inspiratory time (TI/TT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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8

Watson, H. L., D. A. Poole, and M. A. Sackner. "Accuracy of respiratory inductive plethysmographic cross-sectional areas." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.306.

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The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) 1) reflects changes of cross-sectional area enclosed by its transducer band in the presence of deformations of shape or whether it 2) has a stable base line. Testing of RIP was carried out with a device incorporating a thermally compensated oscillator and digital demodulatory circuitry. This system, introduced to commerce in 1983, superceded the nonthermal compensated oscillatory and analog demodulator circuitry first used in 1977. Testing the effects of changing cross-sectional area was accomplished by stretching a standard RIP transducer band around wooden dowels placed in holes on a peg board grid to form 23 curved and 5 rectangular shapes. The output voltage from RIP was linear for both the curved and rectangular shapes for changes of cross-sectional area within a physiological range. However, the regression line of voltage vs. cross-sectional area for the rectangular shapes was parallel and slightly displaced from the regression line for the curved shapes due to mutual coupling of inductance in the corners. Base-line drift from a RIP transducer band stretched to enclose an elliptical shape was less than 2.5 mV over a 12-h observation period. Current RIP technology accurately reflects changes of cross-sectional area of physiological shapes and has a stable base line.

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9

Seddon, Paul, Sonia Sobowiec-Kouman, and David Wertheim. "Infant home respiratory monitoring using pulse oximetry." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 6 (July 7, 2016): 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-310712.

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Respiratory rate (RR) is a valuable early marker of illness in vulnerable infants, but current monitoring methods are unsuitable for sustained home use. We have demonstrated accurate measurement of RR from brief recordings of pulse oximeter plethysmogram (pleth) trace in full-term neonates in hospital. This study assessed the feasibility of this method in preterm infants during overnight recordings in the home. We collected simultaneous overnight SpO2, pleth and respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) on 24 preterm infants in the home. RR from pleth analysis was compared with RR from RIP bands; pleth quality was assessed by the presence of visible artefact. Median (range) RR from RIP and pleth were not significantly different at 42 (25–65) and 42 (25–64) breaths/min. Median (range) % of epochs rejected due to artefact was 20 (8–75) for pleth and 10 (3–53) for RIP. Our results suggest that home RR monitoring by pulse oximeter pleth signal is accurate and feasible.

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10

Fontecave-Jallon, Julie, Pierre-Yves Guméry, Pascale Calabrese, Raphaël Briot, and Pierre Baconnier. "A Wearable Technology Revisited for Cardio-Respiratory Functional Exploration." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jehmc.2013010102.

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The objective of the present study is to extract new information from complex signals generated by Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography (RIP). This indirect cardio-respiratory (CR) measure is a well-known wearable solution. The authors applied time-scale analysis to estimate cardiac activity from thoracic volume variations, witnesses of CR interactions. Calibrated RIP signals gathered from 4 healthy volunteers in resting conditions are processed by Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition to extract cardiac volume signals and estimate stroke volumes. Averaged values of these stroke volumes (SVRIP) are compared with averaged values of stroke volumes determined simultaneously by electrical impedance cardiography (SVICG). There is a satisfactory correlation between SVRIP and SVICG (r=0.76, p<0.001) and the limits of agreement between the 2 types of measurements (±23%) satisfies the required criterion (±30%). The observed under-estimation (-58%) is argued. This validates the use of RIP for following stroke volume variations and suggests that one simple transducer can provide a quantitative exploration of both ventilatory and cardiac volumes.

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11

Retory, Yann, Pauline Niedzialkowski, Carole de Picciotto, Marcel Bonay, and Michel Petitjean. "New Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography (RIP) Method for Evaluating Ventilatory Adaptation during Mild Physical Activities." PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2016): e0151983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151983.

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12

Tang, Hai-Ming, Carrie Laduke, Dave Reynolds, Cynthia Carey, Suzette Hahn, and Gregory S. Friedrichs. "Respiratory Rates Derived From Arterial Blood Pressure Waveforms in Telemetered Dogs." International Journal of Toxicology 39, no. 6 (August 13, 2020): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581820946703.

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The objective of this study was to extract low frequency respiratory “artifacts” from a standard arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveform to simultaneously derive reliable breathing rates (BR). Arterial blood pressure derived BR values were characterized against respiratory rates simultaneously obtained from the Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography (RIP) system (EMKA). Reference compounds were introduced to evaluate responsiveness of the derived measures to respiratory depressants and stimulants. Male beagle dogs (n = 3) were instrumented with minimally invasive telemetry devices for measurements of ABP and heart rate. The RIP system was utilized simultaneously to collect respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute volume of each animal following pharmacological challenges. Early results revealed the derived BR’s from ABP waveforms did not correlate well with those measured from the RIP system. Post study X-ray visualization revealed suboptimal catheter positioning, causing poor concordance of BR tallied from the ABP waveforms. Follow-up evaluations were conducted using additional animals instrumented with the ABP catheter tip placement advanced proximal to the thoracic diaphragm. Preliminary data from this subset of animals significantly improved the correlation of BR derived from ABP and respiratory rates recorded by the RIP. This proof of concept investigation was intended to evaluate an algorithm designed to extract additional data from routine cardiac waveforms. We clearly demonstrated that with optimal blood pressure catheter placement and acquisition algorithm, a reliable breathing rate can also be extracted from safety studies without the need for additional studies/animals to capture those respiratory end points.

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13

Sartene, R., P. Martinot-Lagarde, M. Mathieu, A. Vincent, M. Goldman, and G. Durand. "Respiratory cross-sectional area-flux measurements of the human chest wall." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 1605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.4.1605.

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A new device that utilizes the voltages induced in separate coils encircling the rib cage and abdomen by a magnetic field is described for measurement of cross-sectional areas of the human chest wall (rib cage and abdomen) and their variation during breathing. A uniform magnetic field (1.4 X 10(-7) Tesla at 100 kHz) is produced by generating an alternating current at 100 kHz in two square coils, 1.98 m on each side, parallel to the planes of the areas to be measured and placed symmetrically cephalad and caudad to these planes at a mean distance of 0.53 m. We demonstrated that the accuracy of the device on well-defined surfaces (squares, circles, rectangles, ellipses) was within 1% in all cases. Observed errors are due primarily to small inhomogeneities of the magnetic field and variation of the orientation of the coil relative to the field. Using a second magnetic field (80 kHz) perpendicular to the first, we measured the errors due to nonparallel orientation during quiet breathing and inspiratory capacity maneuvers. In 10 normal subjects, orientation effects were less than 2% for the rib cage and less than 0.7% for the abdomen. In five of these subjects, orientation effects at functional residual capacity in lateral and seated postures were generally less than or equal to 5%, but estimated tidal volume during spontaneous breathing was comparable to measurements in the supine posture. In five curarized patients, we assessed the linearity of volume-motion relationships of the rib cage and abdomen, comparing cross-sectional area and circumference measurements. Departures from linearity using cross-sectional areas were only one-third of those using circumferences. In seven normal subjects we compared cross-sectional area measurements with respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) and found comparable estimates of lung volume change over a wide range of relative rib cage contributions to tidal volume (-5 to 105%), with slightly higher standard deviations for the RIP (SD = 10% for RIP; SD = 4% for cross-sectional area).

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14

Miller, Carrie, Andrew M. Hoffman, and Janice Hunter. "Thoracoabdominal asynchrony failed to grade airway obstructions in foals." Journal of Applied Physiology 88, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 2081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2081.

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Respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) can be used to obtain a valid measure of tidal volume in humans. This device also compares the contributions to ventilation of the thorax and abdomen. Although thoracoabdominal asynchrony is a prominent clinical feature for patients with airway obstruction, the accuracy of the RIP device to assess the severity of obstruction is unclear. This study analyzes how well RIP variables reflect the degree of a fixed external inspiratory plus expiratory resistive load in foals. Foals were employed because the species and age group are commonly afflicted with respiratory disease. Eight conscious, sedated (xylazine 1.25 mg/kg body wt) foals were subjected to randomly ordered resistive loads at the airway opening and, on a separate day, to histamine aerosol challenge. During resistive loading, phase angle changed significantly, as did phase relation ( P ≤ 0.05). However, no significant correlation was found between the degree of change in resistive load and the degree to which phase angle or relation was altered ( r s = 0.41 and 0.25, respectively). In addition, neither phase angle nor relation changed significantly with histamine challenge. We conclude that, although RIP variables changed markedly with fixed upper airway resistive loading, the degree to which they changed was erratic and therefore not useful for grading these obstructions. Furthermore, RIP variables were insensitive measures of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction.

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15

Tana, M., C. Tirone, C. Aurilia, A. Lio, C. Ricci, S. Perelli, C. Romagnoli, and G. Vento. "A23 Changes in lung volume measured by respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) during recruitment HFOV procedure in preterm infants." Early Human Development 88 (May 2012): S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3782(12)70049-x.

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16

Schüler, Willi, Nicolai Spicher, and Thomas M. Deserno. "Cardiopulmonary coupling analysis using smart wearables and mobile computing." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2074.

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Abstract Cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) analysis links heart and respiration rates to assess sleep-related parameters. Typically, the CPC is measured using multi-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and ECG-derived respiration (EDR). Novel textile shirts with embedded ECG sensors offer convenient and continuously monitored sleep at home. We investigate the feasibility of a shirt with textile sensors (Pro- Kit, Hexoskin, Quebec, Canada) for CPC analysis by mobile computing. ECG data is continuously transmitted from the shirt to a smartphone via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). We customize a CPC algorithm and use twelve whole-night recordings from four volunteers to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis. We compare EDR with respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP). In average, EDR and RIP differ 17.22%. After one night, the batteries are reduced to approx. 70% (shirt) and 90% (smartphone). The run time for CPC processing is approx. 3 min. Hence, smart wearables in combination with mobile computing show technical feasibility for CPC analysis. Eventually, this could yield a useful solution for sleep analysis of non-expert users in a private environment.

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17

Vento, Giovanni, Milena Tana, Chiara Tirone, Claudia Aurilia, Alessandra Lio, Sarah Perelli, Cinzia Ricci, and Costantino Romagnoli. "Unexpected effect of recruitment procedure on lung volume measured by respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) during high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 24, sup1 (September 2, 2011): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2011.607587.

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18

Verschakelen, J. A., K. Deschepper, and M. Demedts. "Relationship between axial motion and volume displacement of the diaphragm during VC maneuvers." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 1536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.4.1536.

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During semistatic inspiratory and expiratory vital capacity (VC) maneuvers, axial motion of the diaphragm was measured by lateral fluoroscopy and was compared with diaphragmatic volume displacement. Axial motion was measured at the anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the diaphragm, and the mean of these measurements was used. The volume displacement was calculated in two ways: first, from respiratory inductive plethysmograph-(Respitrace) derived cross-sectional area changes of rib cage and abdomen (Vdi,RIP) by means of a theoretical analysis described by Mead and Loring (J. Appl. Physiol. 53: 750–755, 1982) and, second, from fluoroscopically measured changes in position and anteroposterior surface of the diaphragm (Vdi,F). A very good linear relationship was found between Vdi,RIP and Vdi,F during inspiration as well as expiration (r greater than 0.95), indicating that the analysis of Mead and Loring was valid in the conditions of the present study. The diaphragmatic volume displacement (active or passive) accounted for 50–60% of VC. A very good linear relationship was also found between mean axial motion and volume displacement of the diaphragm measured with both methods during inspiration and expiration (r greater than 0.98). Our data suggest that, over the VC range, diaphragmatic displacement functionally can be represented by a pistonlike model, although topographically and anatomically it does not behave as a piston.

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Dall'ava-Santucci, J., A. Armaganidis, F. Brunet, J. F. Dhainaut, S. Nouira, D. Morisseau, and A. Lockhart. "Mechanical effects of PEEP in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.3.843.

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In 10 patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome, we studied the effects on respiratory system mechanics of two levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), best PEEP (BP) and half of this value (HBP), using a respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) combined with a super syringe. We found the following. 1) Inflation compliance of pressure-volume (PV) curves did not change significantly. 2) End-expiratory volume increased with HBP and further with BP (278 +/- 186 and 464 +/- 313 ml, respectively, P less than 0.01). This increase was positively correlated with inflation compliance for HBP and BP (r = 0.794, P less than 0.01 and r = 0.876, P less than 0.01, respectively). 3) No dynamic hyper-inflation was detected on mechanical ventilation at zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP), and the time constant of the respiratory system was in the normal range (0.79 +/- 0.21 s). 4) Hysteresis of PVrip curves, which were corrected for gas exchange, decreased significantly with PEEP (P less than 0.05). We conclude that PEEP does not change inflation PV curve but induces an increase in intrathoracic volume whose magnitude is related to compliance and PEEP level. The reduction of hysteresis with PEEP suggests less gas trapping and thus a functional improvement.

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20

Tobin, M. J., W. Perez, S. M. Guenther, R. F. Lodato, and D. R. Dantzker. "Does rib cage-abdominal paradox signify respiratory muscle fatigue?" Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 2 (August 1, 1987): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.2.851.

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Studies suggesting that abnormal motion of the rib cage (RC) and abdomen (Ab) may indicate respiratory muscle fatigue have not separated the influence of respiratory load from that of fatigue in its pathogenesis. We hypothesized that abnormalities on RC-Ab motion are primarily related to increased load rather than fatigue. We tested this hypothesis in subjects breathing against resistive loads while maintaining 30 and 60% of maximum mouth pressure (Pmmax). RC-Ab asynchrony and paradox and the degree of variation in compartmental contribution to tidal volume were measured by inductive plethysmography and quantitated by the Konno-Mead method of analysis. Comparing measurements of base line and 30 and 60% of Pmmax indicated that the degree of asynchrony, paradox, and variation in compartmental contribution were significantly related to the level of the load; significant abnormalities were observed at even 30% of Pmmax, a target pressure that can be sustained indefinitely. In another group of subjects, fatigue was induced by sustaining 60% of Pmmax to the limits of tolerance. Indexes of abnormal RC-Ab motion increased from base line during the 1st min of loaded breathing but displayed no progression from the beginning to the end of the fatigue run. Immediately on discontinuation of the load, the indexes returned to levels similar to base line despite persistence of the fatigue state. These results in healthy subjects breathing against severe resistances indicate that RC-Ab asynchrony and paradox and variation in compartmental contribution to tidal volume are predominantly due to increases in respiratory load rather than muscle fatigue.

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21

Sá, Rui Carlos, G. Kim Prisk, and Manuel Paiva. "Microgravity alters respiratory abdominal and rib cage motion during sleep." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 5 (November 2009): 1406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91516.2008.

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The abdominal and rib cage contributions to tidal breathing differ between rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-NREM sleep. We hypothesized that abdominal relative contribution during NREM and REM sleep would be altered in different directions when comparing sleep on Earth with sleep in sustained microgravity (μG), due to conformational changes and differences in coupling between the rib cage and the abdominal compartment induced by weightlessness. We studied respiration during sleep in five astronauts before, during, and after two Space Shuttle missions. A total of 77 full-night (8 h) polysomnographic studies were performed; abdominal and rib cage respiratory movements were recorded using respiratory inductive plethysmography. Breath-by-breath analysis of respiration was performed for each class: awake, light sleep, deep sleep, and REM sleep. Abdominal contribution to tidal breathing increased in μG, with the first measure in space being significantly higher than preflight values, followed by a return toward preflight values. This was observed for all classes. Preflight, rib cage, and abdominal movements were found to be in phase for all but REM sleep, for which an abdominal lead was observed. The abdominal leading role during REM sleep increased while deep sleep showed the opposite behavior, the rib cage taking a leading role in-flight. In μG, the percentage of inspiratory time in the overall breath, the duty cycle (TI/TTot), decreased for all classes considered when compared with preflight, while normalized inspiratory flow, taking the awake values as reference, increased in-flight for light sleep, deep sleep, and REM. Changes in abdominal-rib cage displacements probably result from a less efficient operating point for the diaphragm and a less efficient coupling between the abdomen and the apposed portion of the rib cage in μG. However, the preservation of total ventilation suggests that short-term adaptive mechanisms of ventilatory control compensate for these mechanical changes.

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Tomich, Georgia Miranda, Danielle Corrêa França, Marco Túlio Costa Diniz, Raquel Rodrigues Britto, Rosana Ferreira Sampaio, and Verônica Franco Parreira. "Effects of breathing exercises on breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion after gastroplasty." Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 36, no. 2 (April 2010): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37132010000200007.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion during breathing exercises. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with class II or III obesity (18 women; 6 men) were studied on the second postoperative day after gastroplasty. The mean age was 37 ± 11 years, and the mean BMI was 44 ± 3 kg/m². Diaphragmatic breathing, incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device and incentive spirometry with a volume-oriented device were performed in random order. Respiratory inductive plethysmography was used in order to measure respiratory variables and thoracoabdominal motion. RESULTS: Comparisons among the three exercises showed significant differences: tidal volume was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing; the respiratory rate was lower during incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device than during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device; and minute ventilation was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing. Rib cage motion did not vary during breathing exercises, although there was an increase in thoracoabdominal asynchrony, especially during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device. CONCLUSIONS: Among the breathing exercises evaluated, incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device provided the best results, because it allowed slower, deeper inhalation.

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23

Gagliardi, Luigi, Franca Rusconi, Hazel Aston, and Michael Silverman. "Occlusion maneuver to detect the relative contribution of the rib cage and abdomen to tidal volume using respiratory inductive plethysmography in infants." Pediatric Pulmonology 21, no. 2 (February 1996): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0496(199602)21:2<132::aid-ppul8>3.0.co;2-t.

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24

Darling-White, Meghan. "Comparison of Respiratory Calibration Methods for the Estimation of Lung Volume in Children With and Without Neuromotor Disorders." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 65, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00333.

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Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to validate common respiratory calibration methods for estimating lung volume in children. Method: Respiratory kinematic data were collected via inductive plethysmography from 81 typically developing children and nine children with neuromotor disorders. Correction factors for the rib cage and abdomen were calculated using three different methods: (a) least squares method with both rib cage and abdomen corrections (LsqRC/AB), (b) least squares method with rib cage correction only (LsqRC), and (c) a standard 2:1 rib-cage-to-abdomen ratio (Banzett). Correction factors for the LsqRC/AB and LsqRC methods were calculated with and without the use of the speech-like breathing calibration task. Lung volume estimation errors were calculated by comparing the estimated lung volumes based on the correction factors and the actual lung volumes acquired from a spirometer, normalized to each participant's vital capacity. Results: For typically developing children, the LsqRC/AB method resulted in significantly smaller lung volume estimation errors compared with other methods. Lung volume estimation errors decreased as age increased for each method. For the children with neuromotor disorders, the LsqRC/AB and LsqRC methods resulted in significantly smaller lung volume estimation errors than the Banzett method but were not significantly different from one another. There were no significant differences in lung volume estimation errors for the LsqRC/AB and LsqRC methods when the correction factors were calculated with and without the speech-like breathing calibration task. Conclusion: The LsqRC/AB method exclusively utilizing the rest breathing calibration task is the most accurate and efficient respiratory calibration method for use with children with and without neuromotor disorders at this time.

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25

Chapman, K. R., A. Perl, N. Zamel, and A. S. Rebuck. "Thoracoabdominal motion during hypercapnia, hypoxia, and exercise." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 63, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y85-035.

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We measured, in 11 healthy volunteers, the contributions of rib cage and abdomen–diaphragm compartments to increased ventilation caused by hypercapnia, hypoxia, and exercise to determine whether different stimuli produce similar or different patterns of ventilation with respect to the motion of rib cage and abdominal compartments. Progressive hypcroxic hypercapnia and progressive isocapnic hypoxia were induced by rebreathing methods and graded exercise performed on a treadmill, and compartmental tidal volume (VT) was measured by respiratory inductive plethysmography. For each stimulus, the wide range of VT responses among individuals was determined primarily by the range of rib cage contributions to VT, the abdominal compartment VT response slopes accounting for less of this range. There were no significant differences between hypercapnia and hypoxia in either rib cage or abdominal contributions to ventilation (for both, p < 0.3). However, exercise rib cage and abdominal contributions to ventilation were significantly different from those during chemically driven breathing: for the rib cage compartment, p < 0.0001 and for the abdominal compartment, p < 0.05. Whereas, in 8 of 10 subjects the rib cage contribution to VT during exercise was similar to or exceeded that during rebreathing, in 7 of 10 subjects the abdomen–diaphragm contribution fell below that measured during both hypercapnia and hypoxia. There was a significant correlation between hypercapnia and hypoxia in the VT contribution of each compartment at equivalent levels of ventilation (rib cage, p < 0.0001; abdomen, p < 0.0005), but there was no significant correlation in the VT contribution of either compartment between exercise and hypercapnia or exercise and hypoxia. The pattern of compartmental contributions to ventilation during treadmill exercise differs significantly from that observed during chemically driven breathing.

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26

Russell, Nancy K., and Elaine Stathopoulos. "Lung Volume Changes in Children and Adults during Speech Production." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 31, no. 2 (June 1988): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3102.146.

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This study examined whether the behavior of the respiratory system during speech production differed between adults and children as a function of articulatory and intensity factors. Changes in the mean cross-sectional area of the rib cage and abdomen were measured and percent vital capacity calculated using respiratory inductive plethysmography. Statistical analysis revealed a number of significant differences between the results for children and adults: (a) At the loud intensity level, the adults used a larger percent of their vital capacity than did the children; (b) Adults went further into their functional residual capacity (FRC) at the loud intensity level than at the comfortable level, whereas the children did not; and (c) At the loud intensity level, children used a greater percent of their vital capacity (VC) while reading a passage containing consonants requiring high lung volume increments than while reading a passage requiring low lung volume increments; the adults did not show this effect. These findings suggest that respiration in children is influenced primarily by articulatory demands and secondarily by intensity demands. Whereas, adult respiration responds primarily to the maintenance of vocal intensity level. Finally, the so-called "lung volume range for speech" used by the children was placed significantly lower in their overall VC range than was that of the adults. This result is coupled with the observation that children consistently encroached further into their FRC than did the adults across all conditions, although the effect reached significance only at the loud intensity level while the children read the high-volume passage.

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27

Izumizaki, Masahiko, Michiko Iwase, Yasuyoshi Ohshima, and Ikuo Homma. "Acute effects of thixotropy conditioning of inspiratory muscles on end-expiratory chest wall and lung volumes in normal humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 101, no. 1 (July 2006): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01598.2005.

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Thixotropy conditioning of inspiratory muscles consisting of maximal inspiratory effort performed at an inflated lung volume is followed by an increase in end-expiratory position of the rib cage in normal human subjects. When performed at a deflated lung volume, conditioning is followed by a reduction in end-expiratory position. The present study was performed to determine whether changes in end-expiratory chest wall and lung volumes occur after thixotropy conditioning. We first examined the acute effects of conditioning on chest wall volume during subsequent five-breath cycles using respiratory inductive plethysmography ( n = 8). End-expiratory chest wall volume increased after conditioning at an inflated lung volume ( P < 0.05), which was attained mainly by rib cage movements. Conditioning at a deflated lung volume was followed by reductions in end-expiratory chest wall volume, which was explained by rib cage and abdominal volume changes ( P < 0.05). End-expiratory esophageal pressure decreased and increased after conditioning at inflated and deflated lung volumes, respectively ( n = 3). These changes in end-expiratory volumes and esophageal pressure were greatest for the first breath after conditioning. We also found that an increase in spirometrically determined inspiratory capacity ( n = 13) was maintained for 3 min after conditioning at a deflated lung volume, and a decrease for 1 min after conditioning at an inflated lung volume. Helium-dilution end-expiratory lung volume increased and decreased after conditioning at inflated and deflated lung volumes, respectively (both P < 0.05; n = 11). These results suggest that thixotropy conditioning changes end-expiratory volume of the chest wall and lung in normal human subjects.

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28

Clarysse, I., and M. Demedts. "Human esophageal pressures and chest wall configuration in upright and head-down posture." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.2.401.

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Pressures were measured at two levels in the esophagus in 14 young healthy subjects performing slow inspiratory and expiratory vital capacity (VC) maneuvers in upright and head-down posture (180 degrees body tilt). In both postures, a gravitational pressure gradient was found, which increased very slightly with decreasing lung volumes (0.006 cmH2O X % VC-1 X cm descent-1) except for upright expiratory curves above 60% VC. The expiratory pressure gradient tended to be larger in head-down than in upright posture; however, during inspiration the opposite was true. In both postures the pressure change between 100 and 20% VC was smaller in the uppermost zone, which is consistent with the smaller changes in alveolar expansion in this zone. Also, in seven of the subjects, changes in cross-sectional area of the middle and lower part of the rib cage (HRC and LRC) and of the abdomen (ABD) were measured by respiratory inductive plethysmography in upright and head-down posture. The ratio of HRC motion to LRC motion was constant throughout the VC and did not change with posture, yet the ratio of ABD motion to mean RC motion changed with overall volume and was also larger in head-down than in upright posture. In conclusion, the changes in esophageal pressure gradient during slow VC maneuvers in head-down vs. upright posture were not related to (and thus not caused by) changes in chest wall configuration.

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29

Tatulli, Eric, Julie Fontecave-Jallon, Pascale Calabrese, and Pierre-Yves Gumery. "Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography for Automated Swallowing Detection." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2020040104.

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In the context of remote medical monitoring of swallowing, the authors investigate the potential of non-invasive respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) technique to automatically detect swallow events in a wide context of respiration and phonation. Signal acquisitions were carried out on 5 healthy volunteers equipped with RIP and electroglottograph as swallowing reference. They were asked for spontaneous breathing, speaking and diverse bolus ingesting. The RIP signal was then segmented into cycles, each cycle being annotated according to one of the three class of interest, respectively ventilation i.e. spontaneous breathing (1257 cycles), swallowing (221) and phonation (216). Automated classification was performed using quadratic discriminant analysis. Focusing on swallowing class, the authors achieve an accuracy of 79% from the full wide protocol. It increases up to 86% with prior removal of vocalizations. These preliminary results in healthy subjects make RIP a promising candidate as a non-invasive and convenient technology for medical follow-up of swallowing.

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30

Carry, Pierre-Yves, Pierre Baconnier, Andre Eberhard, Pierre Cotte, and Gila Benchetrit. "Evaluation of Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography." Chest 111, no. 4 (April 1997): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.111.4.910.

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31

Stromberg, N. O., G. O. Dahlback, and P. M. Gustafsson. "Evaluation of various models for respiratory inductance plethysmography calibration." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 1206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.3.1206.

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We evaluated one nonlinear and two linear models of the ventilatory system while calibrating the respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RIP) against a pneumotachometer. A calibration method involving voluntary varying rib cage and abdominal contributions to tidal volume in a single body position was utilized. The influence on accuracy of the choice of respiratory phase during calibration was assessed. Both tidal and intratidal volumes were evaluated. Ten adults with no history of respiratory disorders went through RIP calibration and validation in the sitting and supine positions. A linear calibration model, relating lung volume changes from the start of inspiration or expiration to rib cage and abdominal excursions from initiation of respiratory motion, had the best accuracy. The choice of respiratory phase for calibration did not affect accuracy. RIP generally underestimated lung volume at the start of inspiration and overestimated lung volume at the end of inspiration. RIP was more accurate in the supine than the sitting position, probably because of limited spine flexion in the supine position.

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32

Silva, Luís, Mariana Dias, Duarte Folgado, Maria Nunes, Praneeth Namburi, Brian Anthony, Diogo Carvalho, Miguel Carvalho, Elazer Edelman, and Hugo Gamboa. "Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography to Assess Fatigability during Repetitive Work." Sensors 22, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 4247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114247.

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Cumulative fatigue during repetitive work is associated with occupational risk and productivity reduction. Usually, subjective measures or muscle activity are used for a cumulative evaluation; however, Industry 4.0 wearables allow overcoming the challenges observed in those methods. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze alterations in respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) to measure the asynchrony between thorax and abdomen walls during repetitive work and its relationship with local fatigue. A total of 22 healthy participants (age: 27.0 ± 8.3 yrs; height: 1.72 ± 0.09 m; mass: 63.4 ± 12.9 kg) were recruited to perform a task that includes grabbing, moving, and placing a box in an upper and lower shelf. This task was repeated for 10 min in three trials with a fatigue protocol between them. Significant main effects were found from Baseline trial to the Fatigue trials (p < 0.001) for both RIP correlation and phase synchrony. Similar results were found for the activation amplitude of agonist muscle (p < 0.001), and to the muscle acting mainly as a joint stabilizer (p < 0.001). The latter showed a significant effect in predicting both RIP correlation and phase synchronization. Both RIP correlation and phase synchronization can be used for an overall fatigue assessment during repetitive work.

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33

Hoffman, Andrew, Heike Kuehn, Klaus Riedelberger, Rachel Kupcinskas, and Mary Beth Miskovic. "Flowmetric comparison of respiratory inductance plethysmography and pneumotachography in horses." Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 2767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.6.2767.

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Respiratory inductance plethysmographic (RIP) and pneumotachographic (Pn) flows were compared dynamically in horses with bronchoconstriction. On a breath-by-breath basis, RIP was normalized to inspiratory volume from Pn, and peak [peak of subtracted final exhalation waveform (SFEmax)] and selected area [integral of subtracted final waveform during first 25% of exhaled volume (SFEint)] differences between RIP and Pn flows during early expiration were measured in three settings: 1) healthy horses ( n = 8) undergoing histamine bronchoprovocation; 2) horses with naturally occurring lower airway obstruction (AO) ( n = 7); and 3) healthy horses ( n = 6) given lobeline · HCl to induce hyperpnea. In setting 1, histamine challenge induced a dose-dependent increase in SFEmax and SFEintdifferences. A test index of airway reactivity (interpolated histamine dose that increased SFEmax by 35%) closely correlated ( r s = 0.93, P = 0.001) with a conventional index (histamine dose that induced a 35% decrease in dynamic compliance). In setting 2, in horses with AO, SFEmax and SFEint were markedly elevated, and their absolute values correlated significantly ( P < 0.005) with pulmonary resistance and the maximum change in transpulmonary pressure. The effects of bronchodilator treatment on the SFEmax and SFEint were also highly significant ( P < 0.0001). In setting 3, hyperpnea, but not tachypnea, caused significant ( P < 0.01) increases in SFEmax but not in SFEint. In conclusion, dynamic comparisons between RIP and Pn provide a defensible method for quantifying AO during tidal breathing, without the need for invasive instrumentation.

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34

Selbie, R. D., M. Fletcher, N. Arestis, R. White, A. Duncan, P. Helms, and P. Duffty. "Respiratory function parameters in infants using inductive plethysmography." Medical Engineering & Physics 19, no. 6 (September 1997): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4533(97)00024-6.

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35

Warren, Robert Hughes, and Sheila Horan Alderson. "Breathing Patterns in Infants Utilizing Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography." Chest 89, no. 5 (May 1986): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.89.5.717.

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36

Neumann, Peter, Jörg Zinserling, Christian Haase, Michael Sydow, and Hilmar Burchardi. "Evaluation of Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography in Controlled Ventilation." Chest 113, no. 2 (February 1998): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.113.2.443.

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37

Strang, Abigail, Lauren Ryan, Tariq Rahman, Sona Balasubramanian, Jobayer Hossain, Robert Heinle, and Thomas H. Shaffer. "Measures of respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) in children with neuromuscular disease." Pediatric Pulmonology 53, no. 9 (July 12, 2018): 1260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24134.

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38

Fiamma, Marie-Noëlle, Ziyad Samara, Pierre Baconnier, Thomas Similowski, and Christian Straus. "Respiratory inductive plethysmography to assess respiratory variability and complexity in humans." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 156, no. 2 (May 2007): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2006.12.001.

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39

HODOUS, THOMAS K., JOHN L. HANKINSON, and GREGORY P. STARK. "Workplace Measurement of Respirator Effects Using Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 50, no. 7 (July 1989): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298668991374822.

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40

Musante, Gabriel, Nelson Claure, Tilo Gerhardt, Ruth Everett, and Eduardo Bancalari. "Evaluation of Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography in VLBW infants 1709." Pediatric Research 43 (April 1998): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199804001-01731.

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41

Brazelton, Thomas B., Kenneth F. Watson, John E. Thompson, and John H. Arnold. "Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography Is Stable during High Frequency Ventilation." Pediatric Research 45, no. 4, Part 2 of 2 (April 1999): 38A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199904020-00228.

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42

Adams, Jose A., Ignacio A. Zabaleta, David Stroh, Paulette Johnson, and Marvin A. Sackner. "Tidal Volume Measurements in Newborns Using Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography." American Review of Respiratory Disease 148, no. 3 (September 1993): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/148.3.585.

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43

Werchowski, J. L., M. H. Sanders, J. P. Costantino, F. C. Sciurba, and R. M. Rogers. "Inductance plethysmography measurement of CPAP-induced changes in end-expiratory lung volume." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 1732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.4.1732.

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The respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RIP) has recently gained popularity in both the research and clinical arenas for measuring tidal volume (VT) and changes in functional residual capacity (delta FRC). It is important however, to define the likelihood that individual RIP measurements of VT and delta FRC would be acceptably accurate (+/- 10%) for clinical and investigational purposes in spontaneously breathing individuals on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Additionally, RIP accuracy has not been compared in these regards after calibration by two commonly employed techniques, the least squares (LSQ) and the quantitative diagnostic calibration (QDC) methods. We compared RIP with pneumotachographic (PTH) measurements of delta FRC and VT during spontaneous mouth breathing on 0-10 cmH2O CPAP. Comparisons were made after RIP calibration with both the LSQ (6 subjects) and QDC (7 subjects) methods. Measurements of delta FRC by RIPLSQ and RIPQDC were highly correlated with PTH measurements (r = 0.94 +/- 0.04 and r = 0.98 +/- 0.01 (SE), respectively). However, only an average of 30% of RIPQDC determinations per subject and 31.4% of RIPLSQ determinations per subject were accurate to +/- 10% of PTH values. An average of 55.2% (QDC) and 68.8% (LSQ) of VT determinations per subject were accurate to +/- 10% of PTH values. We conclude that in normal subjects, over a large number of determinations, RIP values for delta FRC and VT at elevated end-expiratory lung volume correlate well with PTH values. However, regardless of whether QDC or LSQ calibration is used, only about one-third of individual RIP determinations of delta FRC and one-half of two-thirds of VT measurements will be sufficiently accurate for clinical and investigational use.

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44

Hollier, Carly A., Alison R. Harmer, Lyndal J. Maxwell, Collette Menadue, Grant N. Willson, Deborah A. Black, and Amanda J. Piper. "Validation of respiratory inductive plethysmography (LifeShirt) in obesity hypoventilation syndrome." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 194 (April 2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2014.01.014.

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45

Markhorst, Dick G., and Huibert R. van Genderingen. "Accuracy of Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography in Estimating Lung Volume Changes." Critical Care Medicine 32, no. 5 (May 2004): 1241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000124858.73354.ec.

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46

De Groote, Anne, Manuel Paiva, and Yves Verbandt. "Mathematical assessment of qualitative diagnostic calibration for respiratory inductive plethysmography." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.3.1025.

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We present a critical assessment of qualitative diagnostic calibration (QDC), which claims to provide a relative calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography during natural breathing (Sackner MA, Watson H, Belsito AS, Feinerman D, Suarez M, Gonzalez G, Bizousky F, and Krieger B. J Appl Physiol 66: 410–420, 1989). QDC computes the calibration factor ( K) by considering breaths of constant tidal volume (Vt) and provides a criterion to select breaths when Vt is unknown. We applied QDC on uncalibrated data constructed from simulated sets of thoracic and abdominal volumes, with a predefined K. As expected, QDC yields a correct K when applied to breaths at constant Vt. In breathing at quasi-constant Vt, the criterion for breath selection is shown to bias the results toward K = 1. For spontaneous breathing, the calculated K deviates from its predefined value and depends heavily on the selection criterion. We conclude that QDC will only provide a correct calibration factor when applied to an entire set of breaths with constant or quasi-constant Vt. More generally, physiological conclusions based on QDC should be critically evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

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47

Warren, Robert Hughes, and Sheila Horan Alderson. "Calibration of Computer-Assisted (Respicomp) Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography in Newborns." American Review of Respiratory Disease 131, no. 4 (April 1985): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/arrd.1985.131.4.564.

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48

Warren, R. H., S. M. Horan, and P. K. Robertson. "Chest wall motion in preterm infants using respiratory inductive plethysmography." European Respiratory Journal 10, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 2295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10102295.

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49

Millard, R. K. "Key to better qualitative diagnostic calibrations in respiratory inductive plethysmography." Physiological Measurement 23, no. 2 (March 14, 2002): N1—N8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/23/2/401.

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50

Banovcin, Peter, Yvone Gusewell, and Horst Von Der Hardt. "262 MEASUREHSNT OF BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION BY RESPIRATORY INDUCTANCE PLETHYSMOGRAPHY (RIP) IN SCHOOL CHILDREN." Pediatric Research 36, no. 1 (July 1994): 46A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199407000-00262.

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