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Дисертації з теми "Respiratory and olfactory disorder"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Носова, Яна Віталіївна. "Методи та засоби визначення респіраторно-ольфакторних порушень". Thesis, Харківський національний університет радіоелектроніки, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39479.

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Анотація:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.11.17 – біологічні та медичні прилади і системи. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2019. За відсутності сучасних доказових методів ольфактометрії доцільно розробляти методи та засоби респіраторно-ольфакторних порушень. У дисертаційній роботі подано розв'язання конкретного наукового завдання – розробка методів та засобів об'єктивного визначення респіраторно-ольфакторних порушень. На основі дослідження аеродинаміки носа на мікрорівні розроблено метод визначення ламінарного пограничного шару повітряного потоку у верхніх дихальних шляхах, що дозволяє за рахунок дослідження товщини пристінкової течії повітря відносно нерівномірності оболонки визначати патологічні ділянки носової порожнини за різних режимів дихання. Розроблено метод та засіб об'єктивної діагностики респіраторно-ольфакторних порушень, які дозволяють за рахунок визначення енергетичних характеристик носового дихання під час дії різних одорівекторів визначати на доказовому рівні відповідні пороги ольфакторної чутливості. Удосконалено метод визначення порогу ольфакторної чутливості, що дозволяє за рахунок аналізу форми циклограми носового дихання підвищити об'єктивність діагностики порушень нюхової чутливості або респіраторно-ольфакторних порушень.
The thesis of competition for the scientific degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences on specialty 05.11.17 – Biological and Medical Devices and Systems. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2019. In the absence of modern evidence-based methods of olfactometry, it is advisable to develop methods and means of respiratory and olfactory disorders. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of a specific scientific problem - the development of methods and means for the objective determination of respiratory and olfactory disorders. Based on the study of the aerodynamics of the nose at the micro level a method has been developed for determining the laminar boundary layer of the air flow in the upper respiratory tract, which makes it possible, by studying the thickness of the near-wall air flow relative to the unevenness of the mucous membrane, to determine the pathological regions of the nasal cavity in different breathing patterns. A method and means for objective diagnosis of respiratory and olfactory disorders have been developed, which allow, by determining the energy characteristics of nasal breathing under the action of various odorivectors, to determine the corresponding thresholds of olfactory sensitivity at an evidence-based level. The improved method for determining the threshold of olfactory sensitivity allows to increase the objectivity of diagnosing olfactory sensitivity disorders or respiratory olfactory disorders by analyzing the shape of the cycloramas of nasal breathing.
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2

Носова, Яна Віталіївна. "Методи та засоби визначення респіраторно-ольфакторних порушень". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39477.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.11.17 – біологічні та медичні прилади і системи. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2019. За відсутності сучасних доказових методів ольфактометрії доцільно розробляти методи та засоби респіраторно-ольфакторних порушень. У дисертаційній роботі подано розв'язання конкретного наукового завдання – розробка методів та засобів об'єктивного визначення респіраторно-ольфакторних порушень. На основі дослідження аеродинаміки носа на мікрорівні розроблено метод визначення ламінарного пограничного шару повітряного потоку у верхніх дихальних шляхах, що дозволяє за рахунок дослідження товщини пристінкової течії повітря відносно нерівномірності оболонки визначати патологічні ділянки носової порожнини за різних режимів дихання. Розроблено метод та засіб об'єктивної діагностики респіраторно-ольфакторних порушень, які дозволяють за рахунок визначення енергетичних характеристик носового дихання під час дії різних одорівекторів визначати на доказовому рівні відповідні пороги ольфакторної чутливості. Удосконалено метод визначення порогу ольфакторної чутливості, що дозволяє за рахунок аналізу форми циклограми носового дихання підвищити об'єктивність діагностики порушень нюхової чутливості або респіраторно-ольфакторних порушень.
The thesis of competition for the scientific degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences on specialty 05.11.17 – Biological and Medical Devices and Systems. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2019. In the absence of modern evidence-based methods of olfactometry, it is advisable to develop methods and means of respiratory and olfactory disorders. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of a specific scientific problem - the development of methods and means for the objective determination of respiratory and olfactory disorders. Based on the study of the aerodynamics of the nose at the micro level a method has been developed for determining the laminar boundary layer of the air flow in the upper respiratory tract, which makes it possible, by studying the thickness of the near-wall air flow relative to the unevenness of the mucous membrane, to determine the pathological regions of the nasal cavity in different breathing patterns. A method and means for objective diagnosis of respiratory and olfactory disorders have been developed, which allow, by determining the energy characteristics of nasal breathing under the action of various odorivectors, to determine the corresponding thresholds of olfactory sensitivity at an evidence-based level. The improved method for determining the threshold of olfactory sensitivity allows to increase the objectivity of diagnosing olfactory sensitivity disorders or respiratory olfactory disorders by analyzing the shape of the cycloramas of nasal breathing.
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3

Al, Bakri Wisam Saad Hasan. "Characterization of atrazine transport across nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosae." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4559.

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Анотація:
The herbicide atrazine is one of the most commonly used pesticides in United States. Atrazine was banned in the European Union in 2005 because of its ubiquity in drinking water; however, in The United States more than 75 million pounds of atrazine are used annually, especially in the Midwest. Atrazine has many adverse health effects including enhancing developmental, immunologic endocrine alterations. Studies have reported that exposure to atrazine causes dopaminergic toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction; these cellular changes have been linked to an increase in the incidence of Parkinson's disease. The objective of this study is to characterize atrazine effect on the respiratory and olfactory mucosae with specific attention to the potential for atrazine transfer to the brain via the olfactory system. Uptake of atrazine was investigated across excised nasal mucosal tissues equilibrated in Krebs's buffer (KRB) or in a co-solvent system containing propylene glycol (PG), similar to the commercial herbicide product. Active uptake pathways were probed using 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) as a metabolic inhibitor. Brightfield microscopy was used to assess the effects of ATZ exposure on the tissues. ATZ was found to be transported across the nasal tissues in a manner consistent with passive diffusion, and 2,4-DNP did not reduce the overall uptake of ATZ. Microscopy results showed erosion of the epithelial surface following exposure to ATZ-PG-KRB when compared to control and ATZ -KRB. These results suggest a negative effect of the ATZ co-solvent formulations on nasal tissues with the potential for increased systemic and CNS exposure.
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4

Zandbergen, Jan. "Respiratory regulation and consequences of CO2 changes in panic disorder." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1992. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5658.

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5

Kilgour, Joanne Dawn. "Development and validation of an in vitro rat nasal epithelial model for predicting respiratory tract toxicity." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361508.

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6

Condy, Emma Elizabeth. "Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Restricted Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78124.

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Анотація:
In addition to social communication deficits, restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a key diagnostic feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Two theories regarding the etiology of RRBs in ASD have been proposed: the hyper-arousal theory, and the hypo-arousal theory. Both of these theories posit the autonomic nervous system (ANS) as being dysfunctional in ASD, resulting in the occurrence of RRBs. Many studies investigating ANS activity in ASD have focused solely on its relation to social functioning. The few that have addressed RRBs have had inconclusive findings. Not only do the current theories and studies simplify ANS activity to a measure of baseline arousal levels through vague measures such as heart rate (HR) and skin conductance response (SCR), but the literature has also framed the theories as mutually exclusive. This study used respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) patterns in children with and without an ASD diagnosis as an indicator of ANS functioning to analyze its relationship to the manifestation of RRBs. Baseline RSA and RSA reactivity were found to predict RRB severity and exploratory analyses revealed that these measures were associated with specific subgroups of RRBs. These results are discussed in regards to the current behavioral literature on RRBs and the benefits of finding biomarkers for these behaviors.
Master of Science
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7

Cardinal, Blair Frances. "The use of respiratory biofeedback on anxiety disorder patients with hyperventilation symptoms." Scholarly Commons, 1990. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2809.

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Анотація:
The hyperventilation syndrome refers to a complex variety of symptoms which primarily influence the respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems, and the syndrome is associated with a breathing pattern in excess of the body's demands. Psychologically, these symptoms mimic a panic attack and can cause severe anxiety in the person experiencing them. The present study was an attempt to determine whether respiratory feedback was a beneficial treatment when used to teach breathing retraining to improve the symptoms of hyperventilation in agoraphobic patients. A multiple baseline design across 4 subjects who had been diagnosed as suffering from an anxiety disorder, namely panic attacks, was used to test the experimental hypotheses. Dependent variables measured were respiration rate, respiration mode, heart rate, subjective anxiety, and symptom relief. The results indicated that all of the participants showed improvements on at least one of the physiological variables, but showed no change on one of the two psychological variables used in this study.
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8

Braithwaite, Emma Annette. "Neural networks for medical condition prediction : an investigation of neonatal respiratory disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12658.

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Анотація:
This thesis investigates how various signal processing techniques can be applied to diagnose problems in the medical domain. In particular it concentrates on breathing problems often experienced by premature babies who undergo artificial respiration. Medical Decision Support is an area of increasing research interest. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a prime example. This thesis describes the investigation of techniques to be used as the core of a decision support device in Edinburgh's NICU. At present physiological signals are taken from the patient and archived, little diagnostic use is made of these signals and no investigation has taken place into their diagnostic relevance. Within the scope of the work an investigation has taken place into the application area and some of its current problems have been identified. From these a physiological problem, respiratory disorder, was identified with characteristics which made it worthy of detailed study: it was extremely common, moreover expert knowledge and data about it already existed. With the current techniques the development of respiratory disorder is often missed or diagnosed too late. Signal processing techniques were evaluated with a view to applying them to predict the onset, or classify the development of, respiratory disorder, and a multi-layer perceptron network was chosen to perform as a classifier in the decision support tool. A number of tests were run which included an investigation of the efficiency of the chosen feature extraction techniques and the diagnostic relevance (with respect to the condition under investigation) of the signals being used to assist in diagnosis. Results show that at present the signals of greatest diagnostic relevance are not always used: a decision support device can be developed using a multi-layer perceptron classifier in combination with other signal processing techniques. The thesis also identifies other techniques where there is potential for improving the decision support tool's predictive and classification ability.
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9

Gibbs, Rhiannon Ashley. "The Effect of Depersonalization and Derealization Symptoms on Olfaction and Olfactory Hedonics." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1524506888938436.

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10

Bowers, Arielle. "Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) in Adults with Possible Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Symptoms." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1463509490.

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11

Kamath, Vidyulata. "THE RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF AN OLFACTORY IDENTIFICATION DEFICIT IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY FEATURES." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3847.

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Анотація:
Olfactory identification deficits have received recent attention as a potentially useful endophenotype for schizophrenia. Examination of this deficit in individuals with schizotypal personality features (SPF) offers an alternative approach to multiple confounds present when examining individuals with schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to compare the relative sensitivity of performance on measures of olfaction identification and sustained attention to the presence of SPF. Twenty-six undergraduates were defined as having SPF based on scoring in the top 10% of the Abbreviated Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-B; mean age 19.6, SD = 1.1; 62% female). These individuals were compared to twenty-six controls (scoring lower than half a standard deviation above the mean; mean age 19.8, SD = 1.6; 62% female). All participants were administered the Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD) section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). In addition, participants were administered the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) and a six-minute degraded-stimuli Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Group differences in performance indices of the CPT did not approach statistical significance. Similarly, there were no statistically significant group differences for males or females in performance on the B-SIT. Correlational analyses examined cognitive performance with a dimension score derived by summing quantitative ratings from the SPD items on the SCID-II. The SPD dimension score showed a statistically significant positive correlation with several performance indices of the CPT, including omission errors (rs(52) = .51, p < .001) and commission errors (rs(52) = .38, p < .005). In contrast, the B-SIT scores were not correlated with the SPD dimension score for males or females. Contrary to our hypothesis, results from the current study suggest that olfactory identification deficits may not represent a robust endophenotype consistently found in samples with schizotypal personality features. With regard to sustained attention, our differential findings suggest that schizotypal traits may be more adequately assessed through an interview by trained clinicians who use clinical judgment to determine the presence of phenotypic aspects of SPD (e.g., SCID-II), rather than relying on self-report measures (e.g., SPQ-B). Implications as well as limitations and future directions of these findings are discussed.
M.S.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD
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12

Wintermann, Gloria-Beatrice, Markus Donix, Peter Joraschky, Johannes Gerber, and Katja Petrowski. "Altered Olfactory Processing of Stress Related Body Odors and Artificial Odors in Patients with Panic Disorder." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-132093.

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Анотація:
Background: Patients with Panic Disorder (PD) direct their attention towards potential threat, followed by panic attacks, and increased sweat production. Onés own anxiety sweat odor influences the attentional focus, and discrimination of threat or non-threat. Since olfactory projection areas overlap with neuronal areas of a panic-specific fear network, the present study investigated the neuronal processing of odors in general and of stress-related sweat odors in particular in patients with PD. Methods: A sample of 13 patients with PD with/ without agoraphobia and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent an fMRI investigation during olfactory stimulation with their stress-related sweat odors (TSST, ergometry) as well as artificial odors (peach, artificial sweat) as non-fearful non-body odors. Principal Findings: The two groups did not differ with respect to their olfactory identification ability. Independent of the kind of odor, the patients with PD showed activations in fronto-cortical areas in contrast to the healthy controls who showed activations in olfaction-related areas such as the amygdalae and the hippocampus. For artificial odors, the patients with PD showed a decreased neuronal activation of the thalamus, the posterior cingulate cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. Under the presentation of sweat odor caused by ergometric exercise, the patients with PD showed an increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, and the cingulate cortex which was positively correlated with the severity of the psychopathology. For the sweat odor from the anxiety condition, the patients with PD showed an increased activation in the gyrus frontalis inferior, which was positively correlated with the severity of the psychopathology. Conclusions: The results suggest altered neuronal processing of olfactory stimuli in PD. Both artificial odors and stress-related body odors activate specific parts of a fear-network which is associated with an increased severity of the psychopathology.
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13

Wintermann, Gloria-Beatrice, Markus Donix, Peter Joraschky, Johannes Gerber, and Katja Petrowski. "Altered Olfactory Processing of Stress Related Body Odors and Artificial Odors in Patients with Panic Disorder." Public Library of Science, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27420.

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Анотація:
Background: Patients with Panic Disorder (PD) direct their attention towards potential threat, followed by panic attacks, and increased sweat production. Onés own anxiety sweat odor influences the attentional focus, and discrimination of threat or non-threat. Since olfactory projection areas overlap with neuronal areas of a panic-specific fear network, the present study investigated the neuronal processing of odors in general and of stress-related sweat odors in particular in patients with PD. Methods: A sample of 13 patients with PD with/ without agoraphobia and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent an fMRI investigation during olfactory stimulation with their stress-related sweat odors (TSST, ergometry) as well as artificial odors (peach, artificial sweat) as non-fearful non-body odors. Principal Findings: The two groups did not differ with respect to their olfactory identification ability. Independent of the kind of odor, the patients with PD showed activations in fronto-cortical areas in contrast to the healthy controls who showed activations in olfaction-related areas such as the amygdalae and the hippocampus. For artificial odors, the patients with PD showed a decreased neuronal activation of the thalamus, the posterior cingulate cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. Under the presentation of sweat odor caused by ergometric exercise, the patients with PD showed an increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, and the cingulate cortex which was positively correlated with the severity of the psychopathology. For the sweat odor from the anxiety condition, the patients with PD showed an increased activation in the gyrus frontalis inferior, which was positively correlated with the severity of the psychopathology. Conclusions: The results suggest altered neuronal processing of olfactory stimuli in PD. Both artificial odors and stress-related body odors activate specific parts of a fear-network which is associated with an increased severity of the psychopathology.
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14

Espefält, Westin Ulrika. "Olfactory Transfer of Analgesic Drugs After Nasal Administration." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7829.

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Анотація:
Nasal administration of analgesics for achieving rapid pain relief is currently a topic of great interest. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts access to the central nervous system (CNS) for several central-acting drugs, such as morphine and dihydroergotamine, which results in a substantial effect delay. Evidence for the olfactory transfer of drugs from the nasal cavity to the CNS after nasal administration, bypassing the BBB, is available for both animals and humans. The aims of this thesis were to study the olfactory transfer of morphine to the CNS after nasal administration, and to compare the nasal transport of analgesic drugs across nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosa. In vivo studies in rodents demonstrated that morphine is transferred via olfactory pathways to the olfactory bulbs and the longitudinal fissure of the brain after nasal administration. Further, olfactory transfer of morphine significantly contributed to the early high morphine brain hemisphere concentrations seen after nasal administration to rats. Olfactory transfer was tracked by collecting and analysing brain tissue and blood samples after right-sided nasal administration and comparing the results to the situation after i.v. administration. The olfactory transfer was also visualised by brain autoradiography. In vitro studies indicated that the olfactory mucosa should not be a major barrier to the olfactory transfer of dihydroergotamine or morphine, since transport of these drugs was no more restricted across the olfactory mucosa than across the nasal respiratory mucosa. The in vitro studies were performed using the horizontal Ussing chamber method. This method was further developed to enable comparison of drug transport across nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosa which cannot be achieved in vivo. In conclusion, these analgesic drugs showed potential for olfactory transfer, and access to the CNS by this route should be further investigated in humans, especially for the drugs with central effects that are currently under development for nasal administration.
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15

Campabadal, Delgado Anna. "Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and premotor stages. MRI and neuropsychological studies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671022.

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Анотація:
BACKGROUND: The present Doctoral Thesis is focused on Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and olfactory dysfunction as biomarkers of Synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). RBD is a parasomnia characterized by loss of atonia during REM sleep that provokes dream-enacting behaviors. Clinically isolated RBD (IRBD) is considered a prodromal stage of alpha-Synucleinopathies since almost 75% of patients after 12 years of the disease develop a PD or atypical parkinsonism. Specifically, in a multicentric study, 56.5% of IRBD patients converted to parkinsonism as the first manifestation, while 43.5% developed dementia first. Subtle motor symptoms, hyposmia, and cognitive impairment are the best predictors of phenoconversion in IRBD. OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES: The main objectives of this Thesis are: 1) To characterize structural and functional brain substrates underlying Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder as well as to relate these findings to cognitive performance; 2) To study olfactory dysfunction as a preclinical and clinical biomarker of alpha- Synucleinopathies, and its progression throughout the disease; 3) To investigate progressive brain degeneration throughout IRBD, and to investigate how these changes relate to cognitive decline. The main hypotheses are: 1) IRBD will be characterized by specific changes in brain structure and functional connectivity that will be associate with olfactory and cognitive impairment, 2) IRBD patients will show structural brain changes over time and a cognitive decline superior to that seen in normal aging, 3) Smell dysfunction will be identified in IRBD and PD, and it is expected to progress slightly with the disease course. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This Doctoral Thesis is presented as a compendium of six studies that were carried out to achieve the above-mentioned objectives. RESULTS: In studies 1, 2, and 5, IRBD patients differed from controls in several cognitive domains, namely attention and executive functions, mental processing speed, verbal memory, and semantic fluency. Besides, studies 1 and 5 identified for first-time impairment in facial recognition and visuospatial functions. Contrary to our hypothesis in study 1, we did not find significant correlations between cognitive performance and brain atrophy. However, there was coherence between the structural changes detected by MRI and neuropsychological impairment. For instance, IRBD subjects had facial recognition impairment and cortical atrophy in the fusiform gyrus, a region that is known to be critical for such function. In the same way, patients showed memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy, a core structure for learning and memory. On the other hand, study 2 evidenced the potential role of altered brain functional connectivity in IRBD’s cognitive impairment. We found a positive correlation between mental processing speed and temporoparietal functional connectivity in the IRBD group. In study 5, we reported visual form discrimination decline in IRBD relative to normal aging after less than two years. More importantly, we identified that visual form discrimination worsening over time was explained by progressive reductions of the cortical thickness in the superior parietal. CONCLUSIONS: The present Doctoral Thesis has identified new cognitive deficits in IRBD patients and has shed some light on its progression throughout the course of the disease. In particular, our work has shown the importance of VS/VP functions as a measure able to identify cognitive changes across time in IRBD, and its potential in identifying those patients with progressive neurodegeneration in posterior cortices. Besides, we have exhaustively described the characteristics of severe and early olfactory dysfunction in IRBD and described for the first time its neuroanatomical correlates. The neuroimaging data from this Thesis points towards an early implication of the temporal-occipital-parietal cortices in IRBD. Additionally, our longitudinal work has shown that IRBD patients have brain degeneration of the occipitoparietal and orbitofrontal cortex over time, in line with the degenerative changes reported in PD and DLB. Abnormalities in such regions are supported by the association between impaired cognition and both functional and structural brain changes. Cortical atrophy and disrupted cortico-cortical functional connectivity highlight that cortical degeneration and functional abnormalities already exist in patients with IRBD before they are diagnosed with DLB, PD, or MSA. Thus, suggesting that in prodromal PD, the alpha-synuclein pathology is already involving these structures earlier than would be expected according to the Braak degeneration model proposed form neuropathological data. Cortical atrophy and dysfunction may explain why some patients present neuropsychological impairment before the motor onset. We hope that our research will serve as a basis for further multicentric studies that confirm our findings, and to identify the optimal neuropsychological and neuroimaging markers for diagnostic, prognostic, and efficacy of future neuroprotective therapies.
MARC TEÒRIC: La present Tesi Doctoral estudia el trastorn del comportament del son REM (RBD, per les seves sigles en anglès) i la disfunció olfactiva com a biomarcadors de les alfa- Sinucleinopaties, com ara la malaltia de Parkinson (PD, per les seves sigles en anglès), la demència per cossos de Lewy (DLB, per les seves sigles en anglès) i l’atròfia multisistèmica (MSA, per les seves sigles en anglès). El RBD és una parasòmnia caracteritzada per la pèrdua d’atonia durant el son REM que provoca episodis on els pacients mostren moviments que reflecteixen el contingut dels seus somnis. El RBD que es presenta clínicament aïllat (IRBD, per les seves sigles en anglès), es considera un estadi prodròmic de les Sinucleinopaties, doncs s’ha vist que gairebé el 75% dels pacients després de 12 anys amb diagnòstic d’IRBD acaben sent diagnosticats de malaltia de Parkinson o parkinsonismes atípics. Concretament, en un estudi multicèntric el 56.5% dels pacients amb IRBD varen desenvolupar parkinsonisme com a primera manifestació, mentre que el 43.5% va presentar demència en primer lloc. La simptomatologia motora, la hipòsmia i el deteriorament cognitiu han demostrat ser els millors predictors de conversió en aquests pacients. En aquest context, la comunitat científica ha demostrat un interès creixent en definir els canvis cognitius associats a l’IRBD. Els estudis publicats fins ara conclouen que entre el 15-50% dels pacients tenen deteriorament cognitiu lleu. Malgrat l’evidència ben documentada sobre la presència d’afectació neuropsicològica en pacients amb IRBD, cal una recerca addicional que valori de forma aïllada i específica les funcions visuoespacials i visuoperceptives (VS/VP), ja que l’alteració d’aquestes funcions és característica del perfil neuropsicològic dels pacients amb PD i DLB. Pel que fa al declivi cognitiu al llarg de la malaltia, encara hi ha una gran incertesa. OBJECTIUS I HIPÒTESIS: Els objectius principals d'aquesta Tesi són: 1 Caracteritzar els substrats cerebrals estructurals i funcionals subjacents a l’RBD, així com relacionar aquestes troballes amb el rendiment cognitiu, 2 Estudiar la disfunció olfactiva com a biomarcador clínic i preclínic de les alfa- Sinucleinopaties, i la seva progressió al llarg de la malaltia, 3 Investigar la degeneració cerebral progressiva al llarg de l’IRBD i com aquests canvis es relacionen amb el declivi cognitiu. Les principals hipòtesis són: 1 L'IRBD es caracteritzarà per canvis específics en l'estructura cerebral i la connectivitat funcional que estarà associada a un deteriorament olfactiu i cognitiu, 2 Els pacients amb IRBD mostraran canvis cerebrals estructurals amb el pas del temps i un declivi cognitiu superior a l’observat en l’envelliment normal, 3 S'espera identificar reducció de la capacitat olfactòria en l'IRBD i la PD, així com que progressi lleugerament amb el curs de la malaltia. MATERIAL I MÈTODES: La present Tesi Doctoral consta de sis estudis realitzats per donar resposta als objectius esmenats anteriorment. CONCLUSIONS: La present Tesi Doctoral ha identificat nous dèficits cognitius en pacients amb IRBD i ha perfilar la seva progressió al llarg de l’evolució de la malaltia. En particular, el nostre treball ha demostrat la importància de les funcions VS/VP com a mesura capaç d’identificar els canvis cognitius a través del temps en l’IRBD i el seu potencial per identificar aquells pacients amb neurodegeneració progressiva en el còrtex posterior. A més, hem descrit de forma exhaustiva les característiques de la disfunció olfactiva precoç i greu de l’IRBD i hem descrit per primera vegada els seus correlats neuroanatòmics.
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16

Whelan, Jillian Nicole. "Investigation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Structural Determinants and Exploitation of the Host Ubiquitin System." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6431.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a globally circulating, non-segmented, negative sense (NNS) RNA virus that causes severe lower respiratory infections. This study explored several avenues to ultimately expand upon our understanding of RSV pathogenesis at the protein level. Evaluation of RSV intrinsic protein disorder increased the relatively limited description of the RSV structure-function relationship. Global proteomics analysis provided direction for further hypothesis-driven investigation of host pathways altered by RSV infection, specifically the interaction between the RSV NS2 protein and the host ubiquitin system. NS2 primarily acts to antagonize the innate immune system by targeting STAT2 for proteasomal degradation. The goal was to identify NS2 residues important for interaction with the host ubiquitin system, as well as describe the mechanism by which NS2 induces host protein ubiquitination. Bioinformatics analysis provided a platform for development of loss-of-ubiquitin-function NS2 mutants. Combining critical mutations as double or triple NS2 ubiquitin mutants displayed an additive effect on reducing NS2-induced ubiquitination. Recombinant RSV (rRSV) containing NS2 ubiquitin mutations maintained their effect on ubiquitin expression during infection in addition to limiting STAT2 degradation activity. NS2 ubiquitin mutants decreased rRSV growth and increased levels of innate immune responses, indicating a correlation between NS2’s ubiquitin function and antagonism of type I IFN to enhance viral replication. Finally, several proteomics strategies were employed to identify specific cellular proteins ubiquitinated by NS2 to further define host-pathogen interactions during RSV infection. This study demonstrates an effective approach for limiting viral protein function to enhance immune responses during infection.
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17

Wollburg, Eileen. "Psychophysiological Effects of Respiratory Challenges before and after Breathing Training in Panic Disorder and Patients suffering from Episodic Anxiety Attacks." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1197557728177-22093.

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Panic Disorder (PD) has been associated with abnormalities in the respiratory system for a long time, and treatment programs aimed at reversing these abnormalities have been developed. Panicogenic effects of biological challenges have been shown to be altered after successful treatment. Furthermore, there is evidence that anxious non-PD patients show similar responses to these challenges and hence may benefit from some kind of breathing training (BT). To test these assumptions, we recruited 45 PD patients, 39 Episodic Anxiety (EA) patients who suffered from subclinical panic attacks, and 20 non-anxious controls (NAC). Patients were randomized to one of two versions of a 4-week therapy with BT, either lower or raise end-tidal pCO2, or a waiting list (WL). Before and after treatment, participants underwent in randomized order a Voluntary Hypoventilation (VHO) test and a Voluntary Hyperventilation (VHT) test in which they were asked to either lower or raise their pCO2 while psychophysiological measures were recorded. Each test consisted of 3 segments: 1 min baseline, 3 min paced breathing, and 8 min recovery. Before treatment, PD and EA patients were more anxious, distressed, tense, and worried than NAC, and felt more dizziness, chest pain, and nausea during the laboratory assessment. However, increases in psychological symptoms or physiological sensations from baseline to the paced breathing segments were not different between groups. The two tests produced similar changes except that anxiety and dizziness increased more during the VHT than VHO. We replicated baseline breathing abnormalities previously reported for PD patients, namely greater respiration rate, tidal volume instability, and number of sighs. However, analyses did not find that patients recovered slower to either challenge. After treatment, both therapies improved on the main outcome measure. Furthermore, BT affected baseline pCO2, resulting in lower levels in the hypocapnic groups and higher levels in the hypercapnic groups without affecting any other measures. We conclude that baseline respiratory abnormalities are specific to PD. However, data suggest that the manipulations might have been too weak to elicit other previously reported group differences. Breathing training was equally effective for the lower and raise BT. Hence, factors unrelated to modifying one’s pCO2 must have accounted for the symptomatic improvement. Breathing training should not be restricted to PD but be applied to all patients suffering from anxiety attacks.
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18

Musser, Erica. "A Multi-Method Investigation of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Emotion Regulation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13403.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) likely involves fundamental alterations in self-regulation. These problems typically have been viewed as involving disruptions in the regulation of cognition and behavior. However, they also have been hypothesized to involve disruptions in emotion regulation. If so, parenting behaviors may take on renewed importance in ADHD, because parents play an essential role in children developing the ability to regulate their emotions independently. Three studies examined the association between emotion regulation and ADHD. Study 1 examined autonomic nervous system functioning during the experience and regulation of both positive and negative emotions. Study 2 examined coherence among autonomic and behavioral emotional systems. Finally, Study 3 examined the roles of parenting behavior, parental expressed emotion, and child autonomic nervous system functioning. In Studies 1 and 2, participants with ADHD and typically developing youth aged 7 to 11 years old completed an emotion induction and suppression procedure. For Study 3, participants completed a parent-child interaction task coded for parental behavior, and parents completed a five-minute speech sample coded for expressed emotion. Electrocardiogram and impedance cardiography were monitored for children across all three studies. The following results were notable. In Study 1, children with ADHD showed atypical autonomic inflexibility (i.e., elevated parasympathetic and sympathetic responding across task conditions). Additionally, children with ADHD were divided according to levels of prosocial behavior. Unlike other children with ADHD, children with very low levels of prosocial behavior displayed blunted autonomic activity across task conditions. In Study 2, specific patterns of reduced coherence among emotion regulatory systems (i.e., facial affective behavior and autonomic nervous system reactivity) were observed among children with ADHD. Finally, in Study 3, high levels of parental expressed emotion were associated uniquely with ADHD, even after controlling for comorbid symptoms. In contrast, parental intrusiveness was associated uniquely with child oppositional defiant and low prosocial behavior, even after controlling for ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, specific, different patterns of autonomic reactivity during the parent-child interaction were associated with ADHD and oppositional defiant behaviors. Across these studies, it is concluded that intrinsic and extrinsic emotion and emotion regulatory systems are disrupted among children with ADHD.
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19

Langhammer, Arnulf. "Respiratory symptoms, lung function, and bone mineral density in a comprehensive population study : The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 1995-97, The Bronchial Obstruction in Nord-Trøndelag Study." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-126.

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The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), seem to have increased the last decades. The reason for the increase in asthma related symptoms and allergy is uncertain. Some, but not all, of this increase might be ascribed to lowered threshold for use of the diagnosis by medical doctors, change in diagnostic criteria, and increased awareness of symptoms in the population. Studies have indicated that increased prevalence might be explained by a reduction during the last decades in exposure to environmental factors in infancy, These factors are supposed to stimulate the change from Th-2 to TH-1 helper cells (hygiene hypothesis), but even low level of allergen exposure seems to contribute to increase in risk for allergy. The increase in COPD in developed countries is closely related to the smoking pattern during the last two to four decades, and the increased therefore, is mainly seen in women. Further, studies have indicated that women are more vulnerable for the deleterious effects of tobacco smoking than men are; if this is true the current smoking pattern with increased female smoking, is worrying.


Paper 1 reprinted with kind permission of Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Papers 2 and 3 reprinted with kind permission of European Respiratory Society Journals Ltd. Paper 4 reprinted with kind permission of John Wiley and Sons Limited.
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20

Bauer, Michael, Rita Bauer, Tasha Glenn, Sergio Strejilevich, Jörn Conell, Martin Alda, Raffaella Ardau, et al. "Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder: international survey results." Springer, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33426.

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Abstract Background: The world population is aging and the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing. Digital technologies are viewed as a framework to improve care of older adults with bipolar disorder. This analysis quantifes Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder as part of a larger survey project about information seeking. Methods: A paper-based survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder was developed and translated into 12 languages. The survey was anonymous and completed between March 2014 and January 2016 by 1222 patients in 17 countries. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. General estimating equations were used to account for correlated data. Results: Overall, 47% of older adults (age 60 years or older) used the Internet versus 87% of younger adults (less than 60 years). More education and having symptoms that interfered with regular activities increased the odds of using the Internet, while being age 60 years or older decreased the odds. Data from 187 older adults and 1021 younger adults were included in the analysis excluding missing values. Conclusions: Older adults with bipolar disorder use the Internet much less frequently than younger adults. Many older adults do not use the Internet, and technology tools are suitable for some but not all older adults. As more health services are only available online, and more digital tools are developed, there is concern about growing health disparities based on age. Mental health experts should participate in determining the appropriate role for digital tools for older adults with bipolar disorder.
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21

Nguyen, Duc Trung. "L'olfaction dans la polypose nasosinusienne avec et sans l'hamartome épithéliale respiratoire adématoïde de la fente olfactive." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0233/document.

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Contexte : Le pronostic de la fonction olfactive après chirurgie de la fente olfactive (FO) dans la polypose nasosinusienne (PNS) n'est pas connu. Objectifs : 1) Préciser la localisation des polypes dans les différents sous-compartiments de l'ethmoïde ; 2) Déterminer la corrélation entre l'auto-évaluation de l'odorat et les résultats de Sniffin'Sticks test ainsi qu'entre l'auto-évaluation de l'odorat et de l'obstruction nasale chez les patients porteurs d'une PNS avec ou sans hamartome épithélial respiratoire adénomatoïde des fentes olfactives (HERA - FO); 3) Évaluer la fonction olfactive avant et 6 semaines après chirurgie de la PNS comportant une chirurgie de la FO et rechercher les facteurs pronostiques de la récupération de l'olfaction après chirurgie. Échantillons : Ce travail repose sur des études observationnelles rétrospectives et prospectives chez les patients atteints de PNS opérés par voie endoscopique selon la procédure de nasalisation de Septembre 2009 à Novembre 2010 dans le service ORL du CHU de Nancy. Résultats : 1) Dans la PNS, les polypes se développaient dans tous les compartiments ethmoïdaux (au niveau du méat moyen dans 98%, de la fente olfactive postérieure dans 75%, du méat supérieur dans 61%, du cornet moyen dans 50% et de la FO antérieure dans 40% des cas); 2) Il existait une forte corrélation entre l'auto-évaluation et la mesure de l'olfaction avant la chirurgie (r =-0,66 ; p<0,0001) et après la chirurgie (r =-0,67 a 6 semaines r = -0.66 a 7 mois, p<0,0001). La corrélation était plus faible avant chirurgie (r =-0,35; p=0,01) qu'après chirurgie chez les patients hypo-anosmiques (r =-0,74 ; p<0,0001 a 6 semaines et r =-0,73 ; p=0,0002 a 7 mois). Les auto-évaluations de l'obstruction nasale et des troubles de l'odorat n'étaient pas corrélées lorsque les deux symptômes étaient dissocies ; 3) Il existait une relation étroite entre la présence de l'HERA dans les FO et l'ancienneté de la PNS (p= 0,0009), l'asthme (p = 0,004) et les antécédents de la chirurgie de PNS (p = 0,0006). Les facteurs prédictifs de non-récupération de la fonction olfactive après la chirurgie étaient un bas score TI préopératoire (p = 0,028), l'antécédent de résection des cornets moyens au cours des procédures chirurgicales précédentes (p = 0,0018), et la résection récente des cornets moyens (p = 0,04). L'histologie des polypes (HERA vs Polype éosinophile) et le type de geste sur les FO (biopsies vs exérèse des polypes) n'étaient pas des facteurs prédictifs pour la non-récupération de l'odorat. Conclusion : l'évaluation de l'odorat dans la PNS est complexe et nécessite une combinaison de tests psychophysiques et d'auto-évaluation. La chirurgie de la fente olfactive dans la PNS n'est pas un facteur péjoratif du pronostic olfactif en post-opératoire
Background: The olfactory outcome after surgery of the olfactory clefts (OC) in patients with nasal polyposis (NP) is unknown. Objectifs: 1) to refine the description of the polyps' origin within the different subcompartments of the ethmoidal bone; 2) to investigate correlations, before and after surgery, between the sense of smell self-ratings and measures of olfactory function, and self-ratings of sense of smell and nasal obstruction; 3) to assess the olfactory outcome after surgery of ethmoidal labyrinths and OC for either Eosinophilic Polyps (EP) or Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (REAH) in patients with nasal polyposis (NP). Samples: All patients with NP operated according to the nasalization procedure from September 2009 to November 2010 in our tertiary hospital (CHU de Nancy) were enrolled in these retrospective and prospective studies. Results: 1) Polyps were found in the middle meatus (98%), in the posterior olfactory fossa (75%), in the superior meatus (61%), on the middle turbinate proper (50%) and in the anterior olfactory fossa (40%); 2) Overall, self-ratings and measures of olfactory function correlated strongly preoperatively (r = - 0.66, p < 0.0001) and postoperatively (r = -0.67 at 6 weeks and -0.66 at 7 months, p < 0.0001). This relationship was better in patients with previous surgery. The correlation was weaker before (r = -0.35, p=0.01) than after surgery in hyposmic/anosmic patients (r = -0.74, p < 0.0001 at 6 weeks and r = -0.73, p = 0.0002 at 7 months) and wasn't found in normosmic patients. Self-ratings of nasal patency and smell were not correlated when the two complaints were dissociated; 3) There was a close relationship between the presence of REAH-OC and the duration of NP disease (p=.0009), asthma (p=.004) and previous surgery (p=.0006). Predictors of poor olfactory outcomes after surgery were low TI score before surgery (p = 0.028), history of previous middle turbinate resection (p = 0.0018), and recent middle turbinate resection (p = 0.04). Polyp histology and surgery of the OC were not predictors of poor olfactory outcomes. Conclusion: The evaluation of the sense of smell in patients with NP should be performed in combination of psychophysic tests and self-ratings of the olfactory function. The resection of REAH or EP of the OC in patients with NP does not worsen but instead can improve the postoperative olfaction
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22

Owens, Maryann. "Does Virtual Reality Elicit Physiological Arousal in Social Anxiety Disorder." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5832.

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The present study examined the ability of a Virtual Reality (VR) public speaking task to elicit physiological arousal in adults with SAD (n=25) and Controls (n=25). A behavioral assessment paradigm was employed to address three study objectives: (a) to determine whether the VR task can elicit significant increases in physiological response over baseline resting conditions (b) to determine if individuals with SAD have a greater increase from baseline levels of physiological and self-reported arousal during the in vivo speech task as opposed to the VR speech task and (c) to determine whether individuals with SAD experience greater changes in physiological and self-reported arousal during each speech task compared to controls. Results demonstrated that the VR task was able to elicit significant increases in heart rate, skin conductance, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, but did not elicit as much physiological or self-reported arousal as the in vivo speech task. In addition, no differences were found between groups. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology Clinical
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23

Foster, Robert Graham. "Development of a modular in vivo reporter system for CRISPR-mediated genome editing and its therapeutic applications for rare genetic respiratory diseases." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33040.

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Rare diseases, when considered as a whole, affect up to 7% of the population, which would represent 3.5 million individuals in the United Kingdom alone. However, while 'personalised medicine' is now yielding remarkable results using recent sequencing technologies in terms of diagnosing genetic conditions, we have made much less headway in translating this patient information into therapies and effective treatments. Even with recent calls for greater research into personalised treatments for those affected by a rare disease, progress in this area is still severely lacking, in part due to the astronomical cost and time involved in bringing treatments to the clinic. Gene correction using the recently-described genome editing technology CRISPR/Cas9, which allows precise editing of DNA, offers an exciting new avenue of treatment, if not cure, for rare diseases; up to 80% of which have a genetic component. This system allows the researcher to target any locus in the genome for cleavage with a short guide-RNA, as long as it precedes a highly ubiquitous NGG sequence motif. If a repair sequence is then also provided, such as a wild-type copy of the mutated gene, it can be incorporated by homology-directed repair (HDR), leading to gene correction. As both guide-RNA and repair template are easily generated, whilst the machinery for editing and delivery remain the same, this system could usher in the era of 'personalised medicine' and offer hope to those with rare genetic diseases. However, currently it is difficult to test the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 for gene correction, especially in vivo. Therefore, in my PhD I have developed a novel fluorescent reporter system which provides a rapid, visual read-out of both non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR) driven by CRISPR/Cas9. This system is built upon a cassette which is stably and heterozygously integrated into a ubiquitously expressed locus in the mouse genome. This cassette contains a strong hybrid promoter driving expression of membrane-tagged tdTomato, followed by a strong stop sequence, and then membrane-tagged EGFP. Unedited, this system drives strong expression of membrane-tdTomato in all cell types in the embryo and adult mouse. However, following the addition of CRISPR/Cas9 components, and upon cleavage, the tdTomato is rapidly excised, resulting via NHEJ either in cells without fluorescence (due to imperfect deletions) or with membrane-EGFP. If a repair template containing nuclear tagged-EGFP is also supplied, the editing machinery may then use the precise HDR pathway, which results in a rapid transition from membrane-tdTomato to nuclear- EGFP. Thereby this system allows the kinetics of editing to be visualised in real time and allows simple scoring of the proportion of cells which have been edited by NHEJ or corrected by HDR. It therefore provides a simple, fast and scalable manner to optimise reagents and protocols for gene correction by CRISPR/Cas9, especially compared to sequencing approaches, and will prove broadly useful to many researchers in the field. Further to this, I have shown that methods which lead to gene correction in our reporter system are also able to partially repair mutations found in the disease-causing gene, Zmynd10; which is implicated in the respiratory disorder primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), for which there is no effective treatment. PCD is an autosomal-recessive rare disorder affecting motile cilia (MIM:244400), which results in impaired mucociliary clearance leading to neonatal respiratory distress and recurrent airway infections, often progressing to lung failure. Clinically, PCD is a chronic airway disease, similar to CF, with progressive deterioration of lung function and lower airway bacterial colonization. However, unlike CF which is monogenic, over 40 genes are known to cause PCD. The high genetic heterogeneity of this rare disease makes it well suited to such a genome editing strategy, which can be tailored for the correction of any mutated locus.
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24

Almeida, Roberto Farina de. "Avaliação do potencial ansiolítico e antidepressivo da guanosina." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149253.

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Анотація:
Os Transtornos psiquiátricos acompanham a história da humanidade. Classificados em categorias distintas podemos observar que dentre todas as patologias que constituem os transtornos mentais e de comportamento, as doenças mais prevalentes são as doenças de Ansiedade e de Transtorno Depressivo Maior (TDM). Mesmo com muitos avanços nas neurociências, assim como na terapêutica (psicofarmacologia), ainda hoje a fisiopatologia e o desenvolvimento farmacológico são áreas que necessitam intenso estudo. Avanços recentes tem sugerido que drogas capazes de modular os sistemas glutamatérgico e purinérgico possuem potencial efeito neuromodulador, sendo promissores candidatos para o desenvolvimento de novas drogas com ação ansiolítica e/ou antidepressiva. Dessa maneira, o objetivo desta tese foi investigar o potencial efeito ansiolítico da guanosina (GUO) em modelos animais preditivos para o estudo da potencial atividade ansiolítica de novos compostos, assim como seu potencial efeito antidepressivo no modelo animal de depressão da Bulbectomia Olfatória Bilateral (OBX). Inicialmente, nossos resultados demonstram que a administração de GUO foi capaz de produzir um consistente efeito ansiolítico modulando os níveis de adenosina (ADO) e glutamato cerebral. Ainda, pela primeira vez, foi observado que a GUO per se promoveu uma diminuição da liberação de glutamato em preparações de sinaptosomas de hipocampo, um efeito dependente da ativação dos receptores A1 de ADO. Após a caracterização do potencial efeito ansiolítico da GUO, nosso objetivo foi avaliar o potencial efeito antidepressivo da GUO em um modelo animal com validade de face e de constructo, como o modelo da OBX. Contudo, após revisão da literatura em estudos que utilizaram o modelo da OBX, observou-se a necessidade de uma investigação a longo prazo, das principais alterações comportamentais e neuroquímicas induzidas pela OBX. Nossos resultados, mostram pela primeira vez, que camundongos submetidos a OBX apresentaram simultaneamente alterações comportamentais e neuroquímicas transitórias e de longa duração. Ademais, as evidências indicam que o hipocampo possui alta susceptibilidade aos danos induzidos pela OBX, visto que uma sinaptotoxicidade transitória, acompanhada de um duradouro desequilíbrio redox e aumento da resposta inflamatória foram observados. Por fim, o tratamento crônico com GUO foi capaz de reverter a maioria das alterações identificadas previamente como duradouras nos parâmetros comportamentais e neuroquímicos no modelo da OBX. Considerando os resultados neuroquímicos obtidos pelos diferentes protocolos de tratamento realizados neste estudo, novas hipóteses de mecanismos de ação exercidos pela GUO foram apresentadas, e mecanismos já estabelecidos foram reproduzidos. Por fim, de uma maneira geral os dados apresentados nesta tese reforçam a hipótese do envolvimento do sistema purinérgico nos transtornos psiquiátricos, e sugerem que a GUO apresenta uma potencial ação terapêutica para o tratamento destas doenças, abrindo assim novas perspectivas para elucidação dos mecanismos envolvidos na fisiopatologia da ansiedade e TDM.
Psychiatric disorder had accompanied the course of human history. Mental and behavioral disorders are classified in different categories and among all different psychiatric disorders; anxiety and major depressive disorder (MDD) are the most prevalents. Despite the substantial advances in our knowledge on the neurobiological bases of both anxiety and MDD, as well as in the therapeutic area (psychopharmacology), even today, the pathophysiology of these disorders as well as pharmacological development are still under investigation. Recent advances have suggested that drugs able to modulate glutamatergic and purinergic systems present a potential neuromodulatory effect, and are promising candidates for the development of new drugs with both anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the potential guanosine (GUO) anxiolytic-like effects in predictive animal models largely used to elucidate anxiolytic properties of new compounds, as well as investigate the potential GUO antidepressant effect in Olfactory Bulbectomy (OBX) model of depression. Initially, our results demonstrate that acute GUO administration was able to induce a consistent anxiolytic-like effect, by modulating the adenosine and glutamate cerebrospinal levels. Here, for the first time, it was observed that GUO per se was able to decrease the glutamate release in hippocampal synaptosome. After characterizing the potential anxiolytic-like effect promoted by GUO, our second goal was to evaluate the potential GUO antidepressant-like effect in an animal model with recognized face and construct validity as the OBX model of depression. However, given the lack of studies in the literature considering the time course of the behavioral and neurochemical changes after the depressive-like behavior onset induced by OBX we firstly characterize some important features regarding the OBX model. Collectively, mice submitted to the OBX model of depression and followed up to 8 weeks simultaneously presented transient and long-lasting deleterious effects in behavioral and neurochemical parameters. The evidences pointed that hippocampus was the most affected brain structure, since a transient hippocampal-related synaptotoxicity, accompanied by a long-lasting hippocampal imbalance in redox and inflammatory homeostasis were observed. Additionally, the neurochemical effects seem to strengthen our behavioral findings. Finally, chronic GUO treatment, similarly to the classical tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, was able to improve the long-term behavioral phenotype impairment induced by OBX, specifically improving behavioral performances that require cognitive functions, accompanied by reversion of hippocampal redox imbalance parameters, as well as in peripheral and central anti-inflammatory IL-10 release. Thus, in present study, the pre-clinical evaluation of GUO as a potential drug for treatment of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders (anxiety and MDD) presented promising results. Furthermore, additional GUO mechanisms of action were evidenced and new perspectives were established. Thus, the data presented in this thesis support the hypothesis of the involvement of the purinergic system in mood disorders, and suggest that GUO has a potential therapeutic activity for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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25

Schweers, Hannah Katharina. "Die Kaiserschnittentbindung erhöht das Risiko für eine gestörte pulmonale Adaptation bei gesunden späten Frühgeborenen und reifen Neugeborenen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-218744.

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Die Kaiserschnittrate erhöhte sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten in zahlreichen geburtshilflichen Kliniken. Diese Entwicklung ist problematisch, weil damit eine erhöhte pulmonale Morbidität der Neugeborenen verbunden sein kann. Die vor­ liegende Arbeit untersucht die Anpassung von späten Frühgeborenen (34,0–36,6 SSW) und 2 Gruppen von reifen Neugeborenen (37,0–37,6 und 40,6–40,6 SSW) in einem Level 1 Zentrum in Abhängigkeit vom Geburtsmodus. Eingeschlos­ sen wurden primär gesunde Kinder, die im Verlauf eines Jahres geboren wurden. Ausge­ schlossen wurden Kinder mit nachgewiesener angeborener Anomalie und Kinder mit einer schweren Anpassungsstörung (Apgar 5‘<6). Die Kaiserschnittrate lag bei 22% und war am höch­ sten bei späten Frühgeborenen (39%) im Ver­ gleich zu Kindern der 37. (30 %) und der 40. SSW (11%). Die Rate der Kinder, die mit CPAP behan­ delt werden mussten fiel von 88 % in der 34. SSW auf 17% in der 37. und 8% in der 40. SSW. Kinder nach Kaiserschnitt mussten im Vergleich zur spontan geborenen Kindern signifikant häufiger mit CPAP therapiert werden (50 vs. 12%). Dieser Unterschied war für späte Frühgeborene deutlich (82 vs. 36 %) und lag niedriger bei in der 37. (33 vs. 9 %) und 40. (26 vs. 6 %) SSW geborenen Kindern. Der deutlichste Unterschied fiel bei in der 36. SSW geborenen Kindern auf (66 vs. 9%). Die Ergebnisse der Analyse dokumentieren, dass ein Kaiserschnitt bei primär gesunden Kindern zu einer schlechteren respiratorischen Anpassung führt. Dies gilt besonders, jedoch nicht nur, für späte Frühgeborene und dort besonders für Kinder, die in der 36. SSW geboren werden. Die weltweit wachsende Rate von Kaiserschnittent­ bindungen sollte immer wieder kritisch hinter­ fragt werden. Eine Kaiserschnittentbindung ohne klare Indikation führt zu einer erhöhten Rate an respiratorischen Anpassungsstörungen, zur neo­ natologischen Aufnahme der Kinder und damit verbunden zu einer Störung der Mutter­Kind­Bindung, sowie zu einer unnötigen finanziellen Belastung des Gesundheitssystems. Es ist zu wünschen, dass die Daten der Studie benutzt werden, um in der Diskussion zwischen Eltern, Geburtshelfern und Neo­ natologen immer den besten Geburtsweg für das Kind zu finden
The rates of delivery by Cesarean section (CS) have been trending upwards in recent decades, perhaps leading to higher rates of dysfunction in respiratory adaptation in newborns. We present epidemiological data for pulmonary adaptation by mode of delivery for healthy late preterm and term infants born at a regional tertiary care center. The overall CS rate was 22 % with the lar­ gest proportion of these in late preterms (39%). This drops to 30% in infants born after 37 weeks gestation and to 11% for those born after 40 weeks. Infants needing respiratory support de­ creased significantly as gestational age increased: 88% at 34 weeks, 67% at 35 weeks, 28% at 36 weeks, 17% at 37 weeks and 8% at 40 weeks. The risk of respiratory morbidity following CS as compared to vaginal delivery (VD) was substan­ tially higher. 50% of infants born by CS needed respiratory support compared to only 12% fol­ lowing VD. 82% of all late preterm infants born by CS developed respiratory morbidity compared to 36 % following VD. Comparable data for infants born after 37 and 40 weeks gestation were 33% compared to 9 % and 26 % compared to 6 % respec­ tively. Late preterm infants born after 36 weeks gestation showed the most marked difference by mode of birth with 66 % needing respiratory sup­ port following CS as compared to only 9 % follow­ ing VD. Our data could be useful in counselling parents about risk associated with delivery by Cesarean section. A critical view should be taken of increasing CS rates worldwide because of a clear correlation in increased morbidity in infants, especially late preterm infants
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26

Li, Chutu. "The effects of CPAP tube reverse flow." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/659.

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CPAP is the most common treatment for moderate to severe sleep apnea in adults. Despite its efficacy, patients’ safety, comfort and compliance are issues to be considered and improved in CPAP design. The issues include condensation, carbon dioxide in inhaled air, humidity and temperature of inhaled air. When a CPAP user breaths deeply, there will be some air not fully expelled and may be driven back into the heated air delivery tube (HADT). An interest has existed in what impacts this so called reverse flow may bring about to the CPAP use. The main objectives of this research are to quantify the reverse flow and its influence on carbon dioxide re-breathing, delivered humidity to the patient and condensation in the HADT. Within this thesis, two computer models of the CPAP system have been constructed on Simulink™ in the Matlab™ environment. One is about the CPAP fluid dynamic performance and carbon dioxide re-breathing and the other is on thermodynamic performance. The models can predict the dynamic behaviour of the CPAP machine. They are able to mimic the breath induced airflow fluctuation, and flow direction changes over wide real working ranges of ambient conditions, settings and coefficients. These models can be used for future analysis, development, improvement and design of the machine. The fluid dynamic and thermodynamic models were experimentally validated and they have proved to be valuable tool in the work. The main conclusions drawn from this study are: • Reverse flow increases when breaths load increases and pressure setting decreases. • Reverse flow does not definitely add exhaled air to the next inhalation unless the reverse flow is relatively too much. • Mask capacity does not influence the reverse flow. • The exhaled air re-breathed is mainly due to that stays in the mask, therefore larger mask capacity increases the exhaled air re-breath and the percentage of exhaled air in next inhalation drops when the breath load increases. • Deep breathing does not significantly change the total evaporation in chamber. • When deep breathing induced reverse flow occurs, condensation occurs or worsens in the HADT near the mask. This happens only when the humidity of the airflow from the CPAP is much lower than that of the exhaled air and the tube wall temperature is low enough for condensation to occur. • The deep breathing and reverse flow do not significantly influence the average inhaled air temperature. • The overall specific humidity in inhaled air is lower under deep breathing. • Mask capacity does not influence the thermal conditions in the HADT and the inhaled air specific humidity. Also the mask capacity does not significantly influences the inhaled air temperature.
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27

Maja, Bogdan. "Uticaj ženskih polnih hormona na funkciju nosa u menstrualnom ciklusu i postmenopauzi." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=114855&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Funkcija nosa povezana je sa različitim anatomskim, fiziološkim i emocionalnim faktorima. Postoji mnogo teorija koje su pokušale da objasne efekat ženskih polnih hormona (estrogena i progesterona) na fiziologiju nosa, ali sam mehanizam njihovog dejstva još uvek ostaje izazov za mnoge istraživače. Prethodno je opisano da ženski polni hormoni mogu da izazovu nazalnu opstrukciju, povećavajući ekspresiju histaminskih H1 receptora i menjajući koncentraciju neurotransmitera, što dovodi do edema nosne sluznice i modifikacije nazalnog otpora. Kada je reč o mirisnoj funkciji na malom broju ispitanika i u različito dizajniranim studijama je pokazano da je u fazi ovulacije mirisni prag značajno niži u odnosu na folikularnu i luteinsku fazu, međutim ne postoje podaci o identifikaciji i diskriminaciji mirisa u menstrualnom ciklusu. Nizak nivo estrogena prouzrokovan fiziološkom atrofijom jajnika u postmenopauzi može dovesti do hiposmije ili čak anosmije, što predstavlja još jedan dokaz o osetljivosti nazalne sluznice na estrogen.  Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita uticaj ženskih polnih hormona na respiratornu i mirisnu funkciju nosa u menstrualnom ciklusu i postmenopauzi. Istraživanje je u celosti prospektivno, sprovedeno je na Zavodu za fiziologiju, Medicinskog fakulteta, Univerziteta u Novom Sadu. Uključeno je 204 osoba ženskog pola koje su bile podeljene u dve grupe. Prvu grupu su činile 103 devojke uzrasta 23,126 ± 4,597 godina u reproduktivnom periodu sa regularnim menstrualnim ciklusom i 101 žena prosečnog uzrasta 60,069 ± 5,570 u postmenopauzi. Respiratorna i mirisna funkcija nosa procenjene su uz pomoć odgovarajućih standaradizovanih objektivnih i subjektivnih metoda. Funkcija donjih disajnih puteva ispitana je uz pomoć spirometrije. Kod žena u reproduktivnom periodu testiranje se vršilo u fazi ovulacije i lutealnoj fazi menstrualnog ciklusa, a kod ispitanica u postmenopauzi jednom. Nakon određivanja prvog plodnog dana ispitanice su uz pomoć standardizovanih urin - tračica za određivanje pika luteinizirajućeg hormona u urinu utvrđivale momenat ovulacije, dok se drugo testiranje u lutealnoj fazi vršilo sedam dana nakon prvog. Respiratorna funkcija nosa je značajno lošija u fazi ovulacije u odnosu na progesteronsku fazu menstrualnog ciklusa,ali se značajno ne razlikuje između žena u reproduktivnom periodu i žena u postmenopauzi. Subjektivni osećaj nazalne opstrukcije značajno se ne razlikuje u različitim fazama menstrualnog ciklusa, kao ni između testiranih populacija zdravih žena. Sposobnost identifikacije mirisa je statistički značajno slabija, a subjektivni osećaj intenziteta mirisa izraženiji u fazi ovulacije u odnosu na luteinsku fazu menstrualnog ciklusa. Međutim, sposobnost identifikacije mirisa značajno je lošija kod žena u postmenopauzi u odnosu na obe faze menstrualnog ciklusa. Reaktivnost nosne sluznice značajno je veća u fazi ovulacije u odnosu na lutealnu fazu menstrualnog ciklusa, ali se ista ne razlikuje između žena u reproduktivnom period i žena u postmenopauzi. Respiratorna i mirisna funkcije nosa u testiranim populacijama zdravih žena nisu značajno povezane.
The nasal function is associated with various anatomical, physiological and emotional factors. There are many theories that have tried to explain the effect of female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) on the nasal physiology, but the mechanism still remains unknown for many researchers. It has been previously described that female sex hormones can cause nasal obstruction by increasing the expression of histamine H1 receptors and altering the concentration of neurotransmitters, which leads to edema of the nasal mucosa and modification of nasal resistance. When it comes to olfaction on a small number of subjects and in differently designed studies, it was shown that in the ovulatory phase the olfactory threshold is significantly lower compared to the follicular and luteal phase, however there are no data on the identification and discrimination of odors in the menstrual cycle. Low estrogen levels caused by physiological atrophy of the ovaries in postmenopause can lead to hyposmia or even anosmia, which is another proof of the sensitivity of the nasal mucosa to estrogen.  The aim of this study was to examine the effect of female sex hormones on respiratory and olfactory function of the nose in the menstrual cycle and postmenopause. The research is prospective and it was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad. It included 204 females who were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 103 women aged 23.126 ± 4.597 years in the reproductive period with a regular menstrual cycle and 101 women with an average age of 60.069 ± 5.570 in the postmenopausal period. The respiratory and olfactory function of the nose were assessed using appropriate standardized objective and subjective methods. The lower airway function was examined using spirometry. Young women in reproductive period were tested twice, in the ovulatory and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and the postmenopausal women were tested only once. After menstrual bleeding the participans used standardized urine strips consecutively day by day to determine ovulation (the peak of the luteinizing hormone (LH) in plasma which pointed out the estrogen plasma peak). The test was positive if two horizontal pink streaks appeared on the strip 5 to 10 minutes after the contact with the urine. One pink streak indicates a correctly performed test, while the second streak appears only if there is an LH peak. Within 24 hours of confirmed LH peak, the subjects were tested for the first time. The second measurement was performed in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (the progesterone plasma peak) seven days after the first one.  The nasal respiratory function is significantly worse in the ovulatory phase compared to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, but it does not differ significantly between women in the reproductive period and postmenopausal women. The subjective sense of the nasal obstruction does not differ significantly in different phases of the menstrual cycle, as well as between tested populations of healthy women. The odor identification ability is statistically significant weaker and the subjective sense of odor intensity is more pronounced in the ovulatory phase compared to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, the ability to identify odors is significantly worse in postmenopausal women compared to both phases of the menstrual cycle. The reactivity of the nasal mucosa is significantly higher in the ovulatory phase compared to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, but it does not differ between women in the reproductive period and postmenopausal women. The respiratory and olfactory nasal functions in these tested populations are not significantly corelated.
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28

Scalco, Mariléia Orn. "Os sintomas psicofuncionais e a relação mãe-bebê no primeiro ano de vida." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4119.

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Esta Dissertação de Mestrado teve por objetivo investigar a relação mãe-bebê em duplas cujos bebês apresentavam indicadores de sintomas psicofuncionais no primeiro ano de vida. Pretendeu-se, portanto, a partir de um entendimento psicanalítico, aprofundar o conhecimento a respeito da manifestação de sintomas psicofuncionais em fase precoce do desenvolvimento, além de compreender a dinâmica da relação mãe-bebê em diferentes contextos. Para atender a esse propósito, a presente dissertação é composta por dois estudos empíricos que abordam a relação mãe-bebê e seu entrelaçamento com os sintomas psicofuncionais em dois contextos específicos: gemelaridade e transtorno respiratório. O primeiro estudo foi intitulado "Os Sintomas Psicofuncionais e a Relação Mãe-Bebês Gêmeos aos nove Meses de Idade" e, através de observações e entrevistas, buscou-se investigar a relação mãe-bebês, em situação de gemelaridade, cujos bebês apresentam indicadores de sintomas psicofuncionais aos nove meses de idade. Os resultados demonstram que a gemelaridade pode configurar-se como, dentre outros aspectos, um fator de risco para o aparecimento dos sintomas psicofuncionais em fase precoce do desenvolvimento. O segundo estudo, "O Transtorno Respiratório e a Relação Mãe-Bebê no Primeiro Ano de Vida" teve por objetivo enfocar a relação mãe-bebê no contexto do transtorno respiratório. Os resultados demonstram que, apesar de não ocorrer de forma causal, falhas na função materna podem favorecer o desenvolvimento dos sintomas psicofuncionais, mais especificamente do transtorno associado a vias respiratórias, no primeiro ano de vida dos bebês dos casos estudados. Acredita-se que a realização deste estudo contribuiu para proporcionar uma maior compreensão acerca da complexidade das relações iniciais entre mãe e bebê, bem como sobre a importância do entendimento da manifestação de uma sintomatologia psicofuncional no início da vida.
This Master's Thesis was to investigate the relationship mother-infant pairs whose infants had indicators psychofunctional symptoms in the first year of life. It was intended, therefore, from a psychoanalytic understanding, deepen knowledge about the manifestation of symptoms psychofunctional in early stage of development, as well as understand the dynamics of the mother-infant relationship in different contexts. To serve this purpose, this thesis consists of two empirical studies that address the mother-infant relationship and its relationship with symptoms in two specific contexts psychofunctional multiple births and respiratory disorder. The first study was titled "The Relationship Symptoms psychofunctional and Mother-Baby Twins at nine months of age" and, through observations and interviews, we sought to investigate the mother-infant in situation of twins, whose babies have symptoms indicators psychofunctional at nine months of age. Results show that the twins can set up as, among other things, a risk factor for the onset of symptoms psychofunctional in early stage of development. The second study, "The Relationship Disorder Respiratory and Mother-Baby in the First Year of Life" aimed to focus on the mother-infant relationship in the context of disordered breathing. The results demonstrate that, despite not occur causal gaps in maternal role may favor the development of symptoms psychofunctional, more specifically the disorder associated with airway in the first year of life for infants of the cases studied. It is believed that this study helped to provide a clearer understanding of the complexity of initial relationships between mother and baby, as well as on the importance of understanding the manifestation of a psicofuncional symptoms early in life.
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29

French, Cynthia L. "Examining Change in Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Adults after Treatment of Chronic Cough: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/31.

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Background: Chronic cough is a common health problem with variable success rates to standardized treatment. Psychologic symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress have been reported in association with chronic cough. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the psychologic symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in adults with chronic cough 3 months after management using the ACCP cough treatment guidelines. Methods: This study used a descriptive longitudinal observation design. The major tenets associated with the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms were examined. Intervention fidelity to the study components was measured. Results: A sample of 80 consecutive patients with chronic cough of greater than 8 weeks duration was recruited from one cough specialty clinic. Mean age of subjects was 58.54 years; 68.7% were female; 98.7% were white, and 97.5% were non-smokers. Mean cough duration was 85.99 months and mean cough severity was 6.11 (possible 0 –10; higher scores equal greater cough severity). Cough severity improved post treatment (n=65, M=2.32, (SE =.291), t (64) =7.98, p=.000); cough-specific quality-of-life also improved (n=65, M=9.17, (SE=1.30), t (64) =7.02, p=.000). Physiologic (urge-to-cough r=.360, ability to speak r=.469) and psychologic factors (depression r=.512, anxiety r=.507, stress r=.484) were significantly related to cough-specific quality-of-life and to cough severity (urge-to-cough r=.643, ability to speak r=.674 and depression r=.356, anxiety r=.419, stress r=.323) (all r, p=.01); social support and number of diagnoses were not related to either variable. Those experiencing greater financial strain had worse cough severity. Women, those experiencing financial strain, and those taking self-prescribed therapy had worse cough-specific quality-of-life. Intervention fidelity to the study plan was rated as high according to observation, participant receipt, and patient/physician concordance. Qualitative review identified potential areas of variability with intervention fidelity. Conclusions: By measuring the factors related to the major tenets of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms, this theory has helped to explain why those with chronic cough may have symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and why these symptoms improve as cough severity and cough-specific quality-of-life improve. Moreover, by measuring intervention fidelity, it may be possible to determine why cough guidelines may not be yielding consistently favorable results.
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30

Besleaga, Tudor. "Effets ventilatoire et cardiaque de l'hyperventilation volontaire. Etude chez les volontaires sains et les patients souffrant du trouble panique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648429.

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L'objectif du travail était l'étude des effets ventilatoires et cardiovasculaires de l'hyperventilation volontaire (HV) ainsi que psychophysiologiques chez les sujets sains et les patients souffrant de trouble panique. Nous avons mené deux études : la première sur des sujets sains sur lesquels le débit ventilatoire, les mouvements du thorax et de l'abdomen, le pourcentage de CO2 dans l'air expiré (FETCO2), l'électrocardiogramme (ECG) ont été enregistre au cours de deux tests d'hyperventilation : l'un à la fréquence de repos (THV) et l'autre à la fréquence de 20 cycles par minute (THV20). La deuxième étude a porté sur un groupe de sujets sains (groupe contrôle) et un groupe de patients souffrant du trouble panique (TP) sur lesquels le débit ventilatoire et l'ECG ont été enregistrés et les niveaux d'anxiété (Spielbergher), de dépression (Beck), du stress (Holmes), des symptômes de troubles fonctionnels (Profil Végétatif) et des symptômes produits par l'hyperventilation ont été évalués. Les variables ventilatoires classiques ont été calculées cycle par cycle. La forme des cycles ventilatoires a été étudiée en calculant les asters (représentation vectorielle des quatre premières harmoniques d'une décomposition en série de Fourier de chaque cycle respiratoire) ainsi que les triads (complexe trivarié: volume courant Vt, temps d'inspiration Ti et d'expiration Te). Les asters et triads ont été comparés dans les différentes conditions en utilisant un test statistique multi-varié (test de similarité). Les composantes du spectre de la période cardiaque, les périodes cardiaques moyennes et les coefficients de variation de la période cardiaque ont été calculés à partir des intervalles RR de l'ECG. Les résultats du test de similarité montrent que la forme du cycle ventilatoire de repos est modifiée au cours de l'hyperventilation volontaire, mais que la forme cycle à l'HV est conservée à un an d'intervalle et aussi pour les périodes d'HV des deux tests THV et TVH20. L'hyperventilation volontaire modifie significativement les caractéristiques de la ventilation (variables et forme du cycle). Cependant, au cours de l'hyperventilation volontaire ces caractéristiques sont conservées à un an d'intervalle et il semble que la personnalité ventilatoire de repos ne se conserve pas au cours de l'HV, mais l'on retrouve une personnalité " différente " au cours de l'HV. Les variables ventilatoires et leurs coefficients de variation sont modifiés pendant toutes les périodes des deux tests d'hyperventilation. Les variables ventilatoires du groupe contrôle ne sont significativement différentes du groupe TP qu'au cours des trois premières minutes de récupération. La variabilité cardiaque est significativement modifiée au cours des périodes des tests d'hyperventilation volontaire. La variabilité cardiaque est significativement plus faible chez les patients TP que chez les sujets sains et l'analyse des composantes spectrales de la période cardiaque permet de déduire que les patients semblent présenter au repos et pendant l'HV, une activité cardio-vagale plus faible et une activité sympathique plus élevée que les sujets sains. Les patients TP ont des niveaux plus élevés d'anxiété et de dépression que les sujets du groupe contrôle. Au cours des trois première minutes de récupération après l'hyperventilation volontaire à la fréquence de repos, la ventilation est plus élevée chez les sujets présentant une anxiété élevée que chez ceux présentant une anxiété normale à moyenne. Le nombre de symptômes fonctionnels et produits par l'hyperventilation volontaire est aussi plus élevé chez les sujets présentant une anxiété élevée.
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31

Improgo, Ma Reina D. "Regulation and Function of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Lung Cancer: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/550.

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The main risk factor associated with lung cancer is cigarette smoking. Research through the years suggests that nicotine in cigarettes promotes lung cancer by activating signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, cell survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Nicotine’s cellular actions are mediated by its cognate receptors, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here, I describe the expression levels of all known human nAChR subunit genes in both normal and lung cancer cells. Of note, the genes encoding the α5, α3, and β4 subunits (CHRNA5/A3/B4) are over-expressed in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), the most aggressive form of lung cancer. This over-expression is regulated by ASCL1, a transcription factor important in normal lung development and lung carcinogenesis. The CHRNA5/A3/B4 locus has recently been the focus of a series of genetic studies showing that polymorphisms in this region confer risk for both nicotine dependence and lung cancer. I show that CHRNA5/A3/B4 depletion results in decreased SCLC cell viability. Furthermore, while nicotine promotes SCLC cell viability and tumor growth, blockade of α3β4 nAChRs inhibits SCLC cell viability. These results suggest that increased expression and function of nAChRs, specifically the α3β4α5 subtype, potentiate the effects of nicotine in SCLC. This dual hit from the carcinogens in tobacco and the cancer-promoting effects of nicotine, may provide a possible mechanism for the increased aggressiveness of SCLC. In addition, nAChRs can be activated by the endogenous ligand, acetylcholine, which acts as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in SCLC. Increased function of α3β4α5 nAChRs in SCLC could also potentiate acetylcholine’s mitogenic effects. This mechanism, combined with other known autocrine/paracrine growth loops in SCLC, may help explain the ineffectiveness of available therapies against SCLC. In an effort to add to the current arsenal against SCLC, I screened a 1280-compund library using a bioluminescence-based viability assay I developed for high-throughput applications. Primary screening, followed by secondary and tertiary verification, indicate that pharmacologically active compounds targeting neuroendocrine markers inhibit SCLC cell viability.
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32

Percelay, Solenn. "Validation d'un modèle murin de schizophrénie pour améliorer la recherche de nouveaux traitements : approche psychopharmacologique, en imagerie et en électrophysiologie A new 3-hit mouse model of schizophrenia built on genetic, early and late factors Functional dysregulations in CA1 hippocampal networks of a 3-hit mouse model of schizophrenia Olfactory laterality is valence-dependent in mice Assessing olfactory laterality in mice: new tool in preclinical psychiatric study Combination of MAP6 deficit, maternal separation and MK801 in female mice: a 3-hit animal model of neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive deficits Antipsychotic lurasidone: Behavioural and pharmacokinetic data in C57BL/6 mice." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC403.

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La schizophrénie est une maladie psychiatrique très invalidante qui concerne près de 1% de la population. Bien que son étiologie soit toujours inconnue, elle est certainement multifactorielle et comprend une interaction entre prédisposition génétique et facteurs environnementaux. Il existe des traitements médicamenteux mais ils ne sont pas totalement efficaces, particulièrement pour la prise en charge des symptômes négatifs et des déficits cognitifs. Le développement de nouveaux traitements plus efficaces passe par l’amélioration des modèles animaux prenant en compte le caractère multifactoriel de l’étiologie de cette pathologie.Nous avons développé un modèle murin multifactoriel de schizophrénie innovant (modèle 3-hit) présentant une forte validité de construction. Pour cela, nous avons combiné une modification génétique (1er hit : délétion partielle du gène MAP6) avec un stress environnemental précoce (2nd hit : séparation maternelle de 24h au 9ème jour de vie) et une exposition tardive au THC durant l’adolescence (3ème hit : administration quotidienne de tétrahydrocannabinol à 8mg/kg du 32ème au 52ème jour).Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré une bonne validité d’apparence de ce modèle à travers des études comportementale, en imagerie et en électrophysiologie. En effet, au niveau comportemental les souris 3-hit présentent des symptômes de type négatif, des déficits cognitifs et une altération de la latéralité olfactive. Nous avons aussi montré un déficit d’inhibition du réflexe de sursaut, qui est un élément comportemental clef dans les modèles animaux de schizophrénie, car il est également utilisé en recherche clinique. Nous avons également observé certaines altérations morphologiques et fonctionnelles cérébrales caractéristiques de la schizophrénie comme une réduction du volume de l’hippocampe, une altération des fibres du corps calleux et un dysfonctionnement des systèmes de neurotransmission glutamatergique et GABAergique. Certains dimorphismes sexuels ont été également montrés dans nos études.Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons comparé les déficits des animaux 3-hit avec ceux d’autres modèles de schizophrénie développés au laboratoire. La caractérisation des effets de chaque facteur, indépendamment et en association, nous a permis de mettre en évidence un phénomène de synergie entre les facteurs et non une simple addition des déficits induits par chacun d’entre eux.Le modèle de schizophrénie 3-hit présente de bonnes validités de construction et d’apparence, il est maintenant nécessaire afin de parfaire sa caractérisation de tester sa validité pharmacologique
Affecting 1% of worldwide population, schizophrenia is a debilitating pathology. Whether the aetiology of schizophrenia remains unknown, its multifactorial aspect is conversely now well admitted, and certainly gathers genetic vulnerability and environmental factors. Actual treatments are still unmet, particularly for negative and cognitive symptoms. For a better translation from treatments design of schizophrenia to clinical efficiency, there is a crucial need to refine preclinical animal models that considers the multifactorial aspects of this disease.We developed a new murine multifactorial model of schizophrenia (3-hit), that possesses a strong construct validity. To this, we combined a genetic predisposition (1st hit: partial deletion of MAP-6) with an early postnatal stress (2nd hit: 24 h maternal separation at postnatal day 9), and a late cannabinoid exposure during adolescence (3rd hit: tetrahydrocannabinol THC from post-natal day 32 to 52; 8 mg/kg/day).First, we characterised a promising face validity through behavioural, imaging and electrophysiological studies. At behavioural level, we demonstrated that 3-hit mice displayed negative-like symptoms, cognitive deficits and altered olfactory laterality. Moreover, we showed a sensory motor gating deficit, that is a major translational clue for animal models of schizophrenia. Additionally, 3-hit mice displayed some characteristic morphological and functional impairments of the disease: reduced hippocampal volume, altered callosal fibres, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission dysfunctions. We moreover highlighted some sexual dimorphisms.Second, we compared deficits of 3-hit mice to those of others models of schizophrenia developed in our laboratory. Deficits induced by one factor, or combination of several factors, evidenced a synergistic effect, and not a simple addition between each of them.The 3-hit model therefore presents strong construct validity and promising face validity, encouraging to assess the pharmacological validity
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33

Lin, Kuei-Han, and 林奎翰. "Morphometric Changes of Brain MRI in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46735103965863682822.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
腦科學研究所
99
Background: The neurobiological basis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has never been studied. This study aimed at investigation of brain structure changes that caused by SARS-related hypoxia and PTSD. Methods: Gray matter volume (GMV) changes were detected using voxel-based morphometry analysis (VBM) for each pair of groups, including SARS-related PTSD (s-PTSD), non-SARS-related PTSD (ns-PTSD), healthy control (HC), severe hypoxia patients (sHyp) and slight hypoxia patients (slHyp) (s-PTSD, n=15; ns-PTSD, n=14; HC, n=15; sHyp, n= 7; slHyp, n= 8). The sHyp and slHyp were separated by a pressure of oxygen in artery and fraction of inspired oxygen ratio. Each participant underwent the MR scanning to acquire the brain T1-weighted images from a 1.5-Tesla MRI unit. Results: The atrophied right hippocampus was found in contrast between s-PTSD and ns-PTSD. GMV losses were found in the right thalamus and right precuneus in contrast between Hyp and nHyp. In contrast with HC, s-PTSD had a GMV loss in the left superior orbital frontal cortex (OFC), and several decreased volumes were found in ns-PTSD, including the left superior OFC, right middle OFC, bilateral precentral and left anterior insula. The significant negative correlation was observed between Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and right thalamus. Conclusions: Based on the findings of cellular damage in the hippocampus caused by hypoxia in the previous study and no reduced GMV of ns-PTSD in our study, we inferred the atrophied right hippocampus in s-PTSD might be caused by SARS-related hypoxemia. The negative correlation between PSQI and the right thalamus implicated that the GMV loss of the right thalamus may be related to poor sleep quality. The OFC was reported to be related to affective response of the integration, regulation, extinction memory and a top-down control of amygdala. The atrophied OFC in both PTSD patients might be lead to the above functions into dysfunction.
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34

Liang, Ching-Chuan, and 梁靜娟. "Stress reaction, emotional effects and posttraumatic stress disorder in severe acute respiratory syndrome patients: a follow-up study." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46263672284948512742.

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Анотація:
碩士
國立台北護理學院
護理研究所
92
The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes in perceived stress, acute stress disorder, anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder from hospitalization to one-month following discharged in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). A purposive sample of 90 hospitalized SARS patients were recruited from two major hospitals located in northern Taiwan. The measures included the Stress Visual Analog Scale (VAS)；the Anxiety and Depression Scale（HADS）；and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index（PTSD-RI）. Data were collected at 3-5 days during hospitalization and one-month following discharged from hospital. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, percentile, dependent sample t-test, Pearson’s correlations and hierarchical multiple regressions. The results showed that the prevalence rate for PTSD was 67.7% at the 3 to 5 days during hospitalization and 28.9% at one-month following discharge from the hospital. Patients reported significantly lower scores of PTSD in one- month following discharged from hospital than the 3-5 days during hospitalization（p<.001）.The prevalence rates of anxiety at the 3-5 days during hospitalization was 50% and one- month following discharged from hospital was down to 10%. There was significantly lower Anxiety scores at one- month following discharged from hospital（p<.001）. The prevalence rate of depression at the 3-5 days during hospitalization was 53.3% and one-month following discharged from the hospital was 17.8%. There was significantly lower depression scores at one-month following discharged from hospital（p<.001）. Data demonstrated that PTSD was positively correlated with perceived stress levels（r=.24 , p＜.05）, ASD（r=.57, p＜.001）, anxiety（r=.47, p＜.001）, and depression（r=.38, p＜.001）. The hierarchical multiple regressions showed that perceived dyspnea, family isolation, perceived stress, reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal explained 41.9% of the variance in PTSD at one-month following discharged from the hospital. Dyspnea and family isolation explained 13.7%（p<.001）,. perceived stress levels explained 4.4%（p<.05）,. Reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal explained 23.9% （p<.001）of the variance in PTSD. Results of this research provide vital important information for health professionals to caring patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.
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35

Jonck, Lindi-Maryn. "CoenzymeQ10-associated gene mutations in South African patients with respiratory chain deficiencies / Lindi-Maryn Jonck." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15303.

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CoenzymeQ10 (CoQ10) functions as an electron carrier in mitochondria transporting electrons from CI and CII to CIII in the respiratory chain (RC) for normal cellular energy (ATP) production. Mutations in genes of a complicated and not yet well understood CoQ10 biosynthesis cause primary CoQ10 deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder (MD) with diverse heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. Although the major function of CoQ10 is to serve as electron transfer molecule it furthermore possesses multiple metabolic functions which can result in secondary CoQ10 deficiency. Five main clinical phenotypes are associated with CoQ10 deficiency although distinct genotype-phenotype associations are still absent due to the limited molecular genetic diagnoses of most reported CoQ10 deficiency cases. A correlation was found between reduced levels of CoQ10 in muscle tissue and deficient CII + III RC enzyme activities in a South African patient cohort, the current indicators for potential CoQ10 deficiency. The aim of the study was therefore to identify nuclear-encoded mutations in genes associated with CoQ10 deficiencies in a cohort of South African patients diagnosed with respiratory chain deficiencies (RCDs). A high throughput target enrichment strategy was performed in order to identify previously reported and/or possible novel CoQ10-assosciated disease-causing variants using Ion Torrent next generation sequencing (NGS) and an in-house developed bioinformatics pipeline. The data obtained were compared to clinical presentations of the patients to interpret the results of the identified variants considered to be possibly pathogenic. Targeted genes associated with primary CoQ10- and secondary CoQ10 deficiency was successfully sequenced in 24 patients, identifying 16 possible disease-causing variants. Of these variants three compound heterozygous variants were identified in three patients in genes ETFDH, COQ6 and COQ7, which were considered to be pathogenic according to the available data provided. Further validation of these three variants supported its pathogenicity in at least two of these variants (ETFDH and COQ6). In conclusion: This study contributed to better understanding the aetiology of a South African cohort of patients diagnosed with MDs. It also highlighted the valuable role of NGS for such investigations, and furthermore identified areas in the biochemical and molecular diagnostic strategy where improvements could be made in the future.
MSc (Biochemistry), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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36

Weiland, Romy. "Facial reactions in response to gustatory and olfactory stimuli in healthy adults, patients with eating disorders, and patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-51759.

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The aim of this project was to investigate whether reflex-like innate facial reactions to tastes and odors are altered in patients with eating disorders. Qualitatively different tastes and odors have been found to elicit specific facial expressions in newborns. This specificity in newborns is characterized by positive facial reactions in response to pleasant stimuli and by negative facial reactions in response to unpleasant stimuli. It is, however, unclear, whether these specific facial displays remain stable during ontogeny (1). Despite the fact that several studies had shown that taste-and odor-elicited facial reactions remain quite stable across a human’s life-span, the specificity of research questions, as well as different research methods, allow only limited comparisons between studies. Moreover, the gustofacial response patterns might be altered in pathological eating behavior (2). To date, however, the question of whether dysfunctional eating behavior might alter facial activity in response to tastes and odors has not been addressed. Furthermore, changes in facial activity might be linked to deficient inhibitory facial control (3). To investigate these three research questions, facial reactions in response to tastes and odors were assessed. Facial reactions were analyzed using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS, Ekman & Friesen, 1978; Ekman, Friesen, & Hager, 2002) and electromyography
Ziel dieses Projektes war es zu untersuchen, ob spezifische, mimische Reaktionen auf Geschmacks- und Geruchsreize bei Patientinnen mit Essstörungen verändert sind. Bei Neugeborenen rufen qualitativ verschiedene Geschmacksreize und Geruchsreize spezifische mimische Reaktionsmuster hervor. Diese Spezifität zeichnet sich infolge angenehmer Reize durch positive mimische Reaktionen und infolge unangenemher Reize durch negative mimische Reaktionen aus. Es ist jedoch unklar, ob diese spezifischen Reaktionsmuster während der ontogentischen Entwicklung stabil bleibe (1). Trotz der Befunde, dass geschmacks- und geruchsinduzierte mimische Reaktionen bei Erwachsenen relativ stabil bleiben, erlauben spezifische Forschungsfragen und verschiedene Methoden nur einen begrenzten Vergleich zwischen den Studien. Darüber hinaus könnten die gustofazialen Reaktionsmuster bei Patientinnen mit Essstörungen verändert sein (2). Diese Frage wurde jedoch bisher nicht untersucht. Weiterhin könnten Veränderungen in den mimischen Reaktionen bei essgestörten Patientinnen durch eine defizitäre Hemmungskontrolle bedingt sein (3). Zur Klärung dieser drei Fragestellungen wurden mimische Reaktionen auf Geschmacks- und Geruchsreize erfasst. Die Mimikanalyse erfolgte mit Hilfe des Facial Action Coding Systems (FACS, Ekman & Friesen, 1978; Ekman, Friesen, & Hager, 2002) und des Elektromyogramms
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37

(10724028), Jason David Ummel. "NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF HEARTRATE, RESPIRATORY RATE, AND BLOOD OXYGENATION THROUGH WEARABLE DEVICES." Thesis, 2021.

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The last two decades have shown a boom in the field of wearable sensing technology. Particularly in the consumer industry, growing trends towards personalized health have pushed new devices to report many vital signs, with a demand for high accuracy and reliability. The most common technique used to gather these vitals is photoplethysmography or PPG. PPG devices are ideal for wearable applications as they are simple, power-efficient, and can be implemented on almost any area of the body. Traditionally PPGs were utilized for capturing just heart rate, however, recent advancements in hardware and digital processing have led to other metrics including respiratory rate (RR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), to be reported as well. Our research investigates the potential for wearable devices to be used for outpatient apnea monitoring, and particularly the ability to detect opioid misuse resulting in respiratory depression. Ultimately, the long-term goal of this work is to develop a wearable device that can be used in the rehabilitation process to ensure both accountability and safety of the wearer. This document details contributions towards this goal through the design, development, and evaluation of a device called “Kick Ring”. Primarily, we investigate the ability of Kick Ring to record heartrate (HR), RR, and SpO2. Moreover, we show that the device can calculate RR in real time and can provide an immediate indication of abnormal events such as respiratory depression. Finally, we explore a novel method for reporting apnea events through the use of several PPG characteristics. Kick Ring reliably gathers respiratory metrics and offers a combination of features that does not exist in the current wearables space. These advancements will help to move the field forward, and eventually aid in early detection of life-threatening events.

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38

Wollburg, Eileen [Verfasser]. "Psychophysiological effects of respiratory challenges before and after breathing training in panic disorder and patients suffering from episodic anxiety attacks / vorgelegt von Eileen Wollburg." 2007. http://d-nb.info/987358316/34.

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39

Pavlikhina, Ekaterina. "Vliv zmeny postury na respiracni funkce u pacientu s postižením michy." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-396995.

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Author: Bc. Pavlikhina Ekaterina Title: Influence of the posture's change on respiratory function in spinal cord injury patients. Objectives: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze change in respiratory function on change of posture in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Another objective is to compare the respiratory functions in a health subjects and in a SCI patients. Last but not least is an effort to find out whether SCI patients have a pattern of restrictive pulmonary dysfunction. The findings can help understanding development of respiratory complications after spinal cord injury. It may help in choosing optimal position during respiratory examination and respiratory rehabilitation. Methods: In theoretical part, there were explored the available knowledges about respiratory complications and their effects on posture. In practical part, there were 26 subjects - 16 patients with SCI and 10 healthy subjects. Subjects with SCI were divided into two groups - one with paraplegia and other one with quadriplegia. Measurements were performed with spirometer on each subject during supine, sitting and standing postures. There were collected vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) data from all subjects. All data were processed in...
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40

Revayová, Anna. "Automatizované monitorování chování jako nové paradigma ve výzkumu depresivní choroby." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343123.

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The rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine changed the direction of the research of potential antidepressants and its effect was also evaluated in this thesis. However, the main focus of this thesis is a new methodological approach to the research of depressive disorder. The main interest lies with the evaluation of automated monitoring of behaviour in this research. The first aim of this thesis was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of ketamine in the forced swimming test using software enabling automated monitoring of behaviour. The second aim was to meassure the change in phosphorylated Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). The last, but the most important aim of this thesis was to implement the utilization of Phenotyper boxes in the automated behavioural evaluation of the olfactory bulbectomy model of depressive disorder and also evaluate the effect of ketamine in this model. Ketamine did not show an antidepressant effect in forced swimming test, however this observation could be influenced by chosen dose and mouse strain. Sensitivity of the test to chosen experimental protocol shows insufficient validity of this test. Observed change in level of phosphorylated mTOR corresponded with the behavioural results. Data collected from Phenotyper...
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41

Schweers, Hannah Katharina. "Die Kaiserschnittentbindung erhöht das Risiko für eine gestörte pulmonale Adaptation bei gesunden späten Frühgeborenen und reifen Neugeborenen." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15313.

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Анотація:
Die Kaiserschnittrate erhöhte sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten in zahlreichen geburtshilflichen Kliniken. Diese Entwicklung ist problematisch, weil damit eine erhöhte pulmonale Morbidität der Neugeborenen verbunden sein kann. Die vor­ liegende Arbeit untersucht die Anpassung von späten Frühgeborenen (34,0–36,6 SSW) und 2 Gruppen von reifen Neugeborenen (37,0–37,6 und 40,6–40,6 SSW) in einem Level 1 Zentrum in Abhängigkeit vom Geburtsmodus. Eingeschlos­ sen wurden primär gesunde Kinder, die im Verlauf eines Jahres geboren wurden. Ausge­ schlossen wurden Kinder mit nachgewiesener angeborener Anomalie und Kinder mit einer schweren Anpassungsstörung (Apgar 5‘<6). Die Kaiserschnittrate lag bei 22% und war am höch­ sten bei späten Frühgeborenen (39%) im Ver­ gleich zu Kindern der 37. (30 %) und der 40. SSW (11%). Die Rate der Kinder, die mit CPAP behan­ delt werden mussten fiel von 88 % in der 34. SSW auf 17% in der 37. und 8% in der 40. SSW. Kinder nach Kaiserschnitt mussten im Vergleich zur spontan geborenen Kindern signifikant häufiger mit CPAP therapiert werden (50 vs. 12%). Dieser Unterschied war für späte Frühgeborene deutlich (82 vs. 36 %) und lag niedriger bei in der 37. (33 vs. 9 %) und 40. (26 vs. 6 %) SSW geborenen Kindern. Der deutlichste Unterschied fiel bei in der 36. SSW geborenen Kindern auf (66 vs. 9%). Die Ergebnisse der Analyse dokumentieren, dass ein Kaiserschnitt bei primär gesunden Kindern zu einer schlechteren respiratorischen Anpassung führt. Dies gilt besonders, jedoch nicht nur, für späte Frühgeborene und dort besonders für Kinder, die in der 36. SSW geboren werden. Die weltweit wachsende Rate von Kaiserschnittent­ bindungen sollte immer wieder kritisch hinter­ fragt werden. Eine Kaiserschnittentbindung ohne klare Indikation führt zu einer erhöhten Rate an respiratorischen Anpassungsstörungen, zur neo­ natologischen Aufnahme der Kinder und damit verbunden zu einer Störung der Mutter­Kind­Bindung, sowie zu einer unnötigen finanziellen Belastung des Gesundheitssystems. Es ist zu wünschen, dass die Daten der Studie benutzt werden, um in der Diskussion zwischen Eltern, Geburtshelfern und Neo­ natologen immer den besten Geburtsweg für das Kind zu finden.
The rates of delivery by Cesarean section (CS) have been trending upwards in recent decades, perhaps leading to higher rates of dysfunction in respiratory adaptation in newborns. We present epidemiological data for pulmonary adaptation by mode of delivery for healthy late preterm and term infants born at a regional tertiary care center. The overall CS rate was 22 % with the lar­ gest proportion of these in late preterms (39%). This drops to 30% in infants born after 37 weeks gestation and to 11% for those born after 40 weeks. Infants needing respiratory support de­ creased significantly as gestational age increased: 88% at 34 weeks, 67% at 35 weeks, 28% at 36 weeks, 17% at 37 weeks and 8% at 40 weeks. The risk of respiratory morbidity following CS as compared to vaginal delivery (VD) was substan­ tially higher. 50% of infants born by CS needed respiratory support compared to only 12% fol­ lowing VD. 82% of all late preterm infants born by CS developed respiratory morbidity compared to 36 % following VD. Comparable data for infants born after 37 and 40 weeks gestation were 33% compared to 9 % and 26 % compared to 6 % respec­ tively. Late preterm infants born after 36 weeks gestation showed the most marked difference by mode of birth with 66 % needing respiratory sup­ port following CS as compared to only 9 % follow­ ing VD. Our data could be useful in counselling parents about risk associated with delivery by Cesarean section. A critical view should be taken of increasing CS rates worldwide because of a clear correlation in increased morbidity in infants, especially late preterm infants.
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42

Weiland, Romy [Verfasser]. "Facial reactions in response to gustatory and olfactory stimuli in healthy adults, patients with eating disorders, and patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder = Mimische Reaktionen auf Geschmacks- und Geruchsreize bei gesunden Erwachsenen, Patientinnen mit Essstörungen und Patientinnen mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörung / submitted by Romy Weiland." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1007679077/34.

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43

Heinrichs, Dustin. "A population-based comparative study of health and health care utilization of Manitoba children in care with and without developmental disabilities." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30712.

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Анотація:
Population-based administrative data (2009-2012) from several sources were used to compare the health status and access to health services between a cohort of children in care with developmental disabilities (DD) (n=1,212) and a matched comparison group of children in care without DD (n=2,424). The two study groups were compared on a number of measures, including total respiratory morbidity, prevalence of diabetes, mood and anxiety disorders, continuity of care, injury-related hospitalizations, hospital-based dental care, and total number of ambulatory physician visits. Children in care with DD were significantly more likely to have a history of mood and anxiety disorders, respiratory illnesses, diabetes, hospital-based dental care, and injury-related hospitalizations compared to the matched comparison group. Children in care with DD also had significantly higher number of physician visits than children in the matched comparison group. No significant difference between the two study groups was found for continuity of care.
October 2015
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44

Sigitova, Ekaterina. "Psychopathology, mental disorders and mitochondrial disorders." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-370965.

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This study investigates the connection between different pathophysiological processes in mitochondria and psychopathological symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. Changes in activity of selected components of the respiratory chain and overall respiratory rate of mitochondria were analyzed in patients with bipolar disorder when compared to healthy controls. Diagnostic scales and questionnaires, high-resolution respirometry, radiochemical and spectroscopic methods were used. 37 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (F31) and 21 healthy volunteers were involved in the study. Statistical analysis included the methods of parametric and nonparametric analysis, factor analysis, one-way analysis of variance and linear regression analysis. Obtained results revealed that cellular energetics plays a great role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. There was a mild difference between different mitochondrial enzymes activity in patients within manic phases and depressive phases of the disease. Changes in mitochondrial respiration in patients with BD as compared to healthy controls were also shown. Mitochondrial respiration indexes for patients with BD in remission as compared to healthy controls were altered in accordance with the previous phase of the disease. Association between the...
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45

Werner, Stefanie. "DeNoPa Kassel: Die prospektive Langzeit-Follow-up-Studie zu Biomarkern und nicht-motorischen Symptomen bei Morbus Parkinson - Pilotstudie baseline." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F02E-5.

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