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Статті в журналах з теми "Resistance"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 23 листопада 2024

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1

Pink, D. A. C., and P. Hand. "Plant resistance and strategies for breeding resistant varieties." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): S9—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10310-pps.

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An explanation of the ‘boom-bust’ cycle of resistance breeding was provided by the gene-for-gene relationship between a pathogen and its host. Despite this understanding, most R genes continued to be deployed singly and resistance has been ephemeral. The reasons for breeding ‘single R gene’ varieties are discussed. Alternative strategies for the deployment of R genes and the use of quantitative race non-specific resistance have been advocated in order to obtain durable resistance. The feasibility of both of these approaches is discussed taking into account the impact of technologies such as plant transformation and marker-assisted selection. A change in focus from durability of the plant phenotype to that of the crop phenotype is advocated.

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2

Çelik, Cem. "Increasing antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens; multidrug-resistant extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2014.01.0116.

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3

Gokalp, Deniz, Alpaslan Tuzcu, Ster Irmak, Mithat Bahceci, and Ozlem Demirpence. "FREQUENCY OF ASPIRIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 AND 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH METABOLIC PARAMETERS." International Journal of Surgery and Medicine 2, no. 3 (2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijsm.aspirin-resistance-diabetes.

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4

Kumar, Saneesh, Priya Mitra, and Rupak Roy. "Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Amoxicillin-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Chicken Liver." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 1 (January 24, 2024): 5607–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0124.0366.

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5

Андреевская, С. Н., Т. Г. Смирнова, Е. Е. Ларионова, И. Ю. Андриевская, Л. Н. Черноусова та А. Эргешов. "Изониазид-резистентные Mycobacterium tuberculosis: частота выявления, спектры резистентности и генетические детерминанты устойчивости". Phylogenetic Analysis, № 1;2020 (2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/vrgmu.2020.001.

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Отсутствие ускоренной диагностики туберкулеза с устойчивостью возбудителя к изониазиду с сохраненной чувствительностью к рифампицину (ИР-ТБ) может быть причиной низкой эффективности терапии и приводить к амплификации лекарственной резистентности, в том числе к формированию множественной лекарственной устойчивости. Целью работы было определить частоту встречаемости ИР-ТБ в современной популяции, охарактеризовать фенотипическую чувствительность и генетические детерминанты устойчивости к изониазиду представителей этой группы M. tuberculosis на репрезентативном материале. Анализировали результаты определения лекарственной чувствительности, полученные при исследовании молекулярно- генетическими и/или культуральными методами изолятов M. tuberculosis / ДНК M. tuberculosis, выделенных от больных туберкулезом легких из клинических отделений Центрального научно-исследовательского институа туберкулеза за период 2011–2018 гг. Частота ИР-ТБ составила 12% от всех выявленных случаев туберкулеза. M. tuberculosis с ИР были как монорезистентными к изониазиду (45%), так и полирезистентными (устойчивыми к 2–6 противотуберкулезным препаратам), а устойчивость к изониазиду была обусловлена мутациями в гене katG, приводящими к высокому уровню резистентности. На основании анализа литературных данных и собственных наблюдений подчеркивается важность разработки и внедрения новых простых молекулярных тестов для определения устойчивости одновременно к рифампицину и изониазиду.

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6

Singh, Amresh Kumar. "Resistance patterns and trends of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: 5-year experience." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 03, no. 04 (December 1, 2013): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.04.0103.

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7

Kumar, Sinha Ritesh, and Chandra Satish. "Insulin resistance." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences, Supplimentary 2014 (2014): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2014.1.1s.15.

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8

K Mammen, Ninu. "Antimicrobial Resistance." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2023): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23512132813.

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9

Wang, S. C., and P. S. Wei. "Modeling Dynamic Electrical Resistance During Resistance Spot Welding." Journal of Heat Transfer 123, no. 3 (November 28, 2000): 576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1370502.

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Dynamic electrical resistance during resistance spot welding has been quantitatively modeled and analyzed in this work. A determination of dynamic resistance is necessary for predicting the transport processes and monitoring the weld quality during resistance spot welding. In this study, dynamic resistance is obtained by taking the sum of temperature-dependent bulk resistance of the workpieces and contact resistances at the faying surface and electrode-workpiece interface within an effective area corresponding to the electrode tip where welding current primarily flows. A contact resistance is composed of constriction and film resistances, which are functions of hardness, temperature, electrode force, and surface conditions. The temperature is determined from the previous study in predicting unsteady, axisymmetric mass, momentum, heat, species transport, and magnetic field intensity with a mushy-zone phase change in workpieces, and temperature and magnetic fields in the electrodes of different geometries. The predicted nugget thickness and dynamic resistance versus time show quite good agreement with available experimental data. Excluding expulsion, the dynamic resistance curve can be divided into four stages. A rapid decrease of dynamic resistance in stage 1 is attributed to decreases in contact resistances at the faying surface and electrode-workpiece interface. In stage 2, the increase in dynamic resistance results from the primary increase of bulk resistance in the workpieces and an increase of the sum of contact resistances at the faying surface and electrode-workpiece interface. Dynamic resistance in stage 3 decreases, because increasing rate of bulk resistance in the workpieces and contact resistances decrease. In stage 4 the decrease of dynamic resistance is mainly due to the formation of the molten nugget at the faying surface. The molten nugget is found to occur in stage 4 rather than stage 2 or 3 as qualitatively proposed in the literature. The effects of different parameters on the dynamic resistance curve are also presented.

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10

Shahina, Sk jasmine, Sheeba Ali Siddiqui, and Dr Padma Krishnan. "Nasal Carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci with Inducible Clindamycin Resistance and Pvl Gene." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/june2014/132.

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11

Cohen, Y. "Systemic induced resistance." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): S122—S125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10334-pps.

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Biotic and abiotic agents may induce resistance in plants against pathogens. Abiotic agents may be synthetic or natural. The natural, non-protein amino acid BABA (DL-β-aminobutyric acid) induces systemic resistance in crop plants against pathogens. Dry, killed mycelia of Penicillium chrysogenum (DM) induces local resistance in plants against soil-borne pathogens. The activity of BABA and DM are described here in detail. Both products were shown to effectively control plant disease in nature.

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12

Manninger, K. "Effective Resistance Genes as Sources of Resistance against Hungarian Eheat Rusts." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 38, No. 3-4 (August 1, 2012): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6257-cjgpb.

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13

Wrzecioniarz, Piotr, Wojciech Ambroszko, and Aleksandra Pindel. "Limitations of vehicle movement resistances: aerodynamic resistance." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.393.

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In the paper limitations and exemplary methods of aerodynamic drag force minimization in different kinds of vehicles are described. Changes of value of aerodynamic drag coefficient during years are present-ed. Conclusions about future possible new solutions in different kinds of vehicles are formulated.

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14

Wrzecioniarz, Piotr, Wojciech Ambroszko, and Aleksandra Pindel. "Limitations of vehicle movement resistances: rolling resistance." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.394.

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In the paper limitations and exemplary methods of rolling resistance minimization are described. Changes of value of rolling resistance coefficient during years and values for exemplary rolling pairs are presented. Conclusions about future progress are formulated.

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15

Talebiyan, Reza, Mehdi Kheradmand, Faham Khamesipour, and Mohammad Rabiee-Faradonbeh. "Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance ofEscherichia coliIsolated from Chickens in Iran." Veterinary Medicine International 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/491418.

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Antimicrobial agents are used extremely in order to reduce the great losses caused byEscherichia coliinfections in poultry industry. In this study, 318 pathogenicEscherichia coli(APEC) strains isolated from commercial broiler flocks with coli-septicemia were examined for antimicrobials of both veterinary and human significance by disc diffusion method. Multiple resistances to antimicrobial agents were observed in all the isolates. Resistance to the antibiotics was as follows: Tylosin (88.68%), Erythromycin (71.70%), Oxytetracycline (43.40%), Sulfadimethoxine-Trimethoprim (39.62%), Enrofloxacin (37.74%), Florfenicol (35.85%), Chlortetracycline (33.96%), Doxycycline (16.98%), Difloxacin (32.08%), Danofloxacin (28.30%), Chloramphenicol (20.75%), Ciprofloxacin (7.55%), and Gentamicin (5.66%). This study showed resistance against the antimicrobial agents that are commonly applied in poultry, although resistance against the antibiotics that are only applied in humans or less frequently used in poultry was significantly low. This study emphasizes on the occurrence of multiple drug resistantE. coliamong diseased broiler chickens in Iran. The data revealed the relative risks of using antimicrobials in poultry industry. It also concluded that use of antibiotics must be limited in poultry farms in order to reduce the antibiotic resistances.

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16

Vignaroli, C., G. M. Luna, C. Rinaldi, A. Di Cesare, R. Danovaro, and F. Biavasco. "New Sequence Types and Multidrug Resistance among Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Coastal Marine Sediments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 11 (March 23, 2012): 3916–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07820-11.

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ABSTRACTThe spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is widely recognized, but data about their sources, presence, and significance in marine environments are still limited. We examined 109Escherichia colistrains from coastal marine sediments carrying virulence genes for antibiotic susceptibility, specific resistance genes, prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons, and sequence type. Antibiotic resistance was found in 35% of strains, and multiple resistances were found in 14%; the resistances detected most frequently were against tetracycline (28%), ampicillin (16.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (13%), and streptomycin (7%). The highest prevalence of resistant strains was in phylogenetic group A, whereas phylogroup B2 exhibited a significantly lower frequency than all the other groups. Sixty percent of multiresistant strains harbored class 1 or 2 integrase genes, and about 50% carried resistance genes (particularlydfrAandaadA) linked to a class 1 integron. Multilocus sequence typing of 14 selected strains identified eight different types characteristic of extraintestinal pathogens and three new allelic combinations. Our data suggest that coastal marine sediment may be a suitable environment for the survival of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistantE. colistrains capable of contributing to resistance spread via integrons among benthic bacteria, and they highlight a role for these strains in the emergence of new virulent genotypes.

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17

Šliková, S., E. Gregová, P. Bartoš, and A. Hanzalová. "Utilization of alien leaf rust resistance genes for development of resistant wheat genotypes by backross." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, Special Issue (July 31, 2012): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6209-cjgpb.

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18

Kubich, V. "RESISTANCE OF HEAT-RESISTANT YTTRIUM-CONTAINING SEALING COATINGS TO MECHANICAL FRACTURE WHEN FORMING CUTTING PATHS." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 21, no. 3(49) (September 30, 2024): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2024no3/81-92.

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According to the results of tribotechnical tests of coatings made of KNA-82 alloy ligatures with the addition of yttrium of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, data were obtained that allowed us to establish the nature of changes in the dynamic coefficient of friction over the test period and numerous values of the energy intensity of material wear. The evaluation of coatings formed by the gas-flame and ion-plasma method was based on the following premise. The maximum resistance to mechanical fracture is determined by the manifestation of a constant minimum value of the dynamic coefficient of friction. This serves as an indicator of reduced friction force before reaching the fatigue limit. Another key factor is the number of separated particles produced per unit of integral work during the friction process. These evaluation parameters are lined up in a row by the number of points from 1 to 4. The maximum score corresponds to the maximum resistance, i.e., a lower value of the energy intensity of material wear and the minimum value of the stable friction coefficient. It has been determined that the same coincidence of these parameters according to the scores is almost at all stages of testing (I-III) was the coating formed by the gas-flame method with a yttrium concentration of 0.3%-0.5%. The exception was the coating formed by the ion-plasma method with a yttrium concentration of 0.1% at the fourth stage of testing.

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19

Zanardi, R., F. Attanasio, C. De Cesare, V. Fazio, and C. Colombo. "Resistance or pseudo-resistance?" European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S370—S371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.941.

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Introduction Treatment-Resistant Depression continues to represent a great challenge for clinicians. Objectives We investigated patients with history of resistance, assessing prognostic factors, response to treatments, and remission over time. Methods We recruited 202 unipolar and bipolar depressed inpatients. According to anamnestic backgrounds, patients were assigned to: A) Non-resistant : responders, with no characteristics of resistance in the current episode. B) Resistant: resistant to two antidepressant trials of adequate doses and duration. C) Pseudo-resistant : non-responders, not classifiable as Resistant because of inadequate trials. During hospitalization, patients were treated by clinical judgment, following a rehabilitation program. Results Table 1 Non-resistant (111) Resistant (54) Pseudo-resistant (35) p-value Age 59.1±11.9 63.0±12.6 57.0±11.3 0.036* Episodes of illness 3.8±2.1 4.0±1.9 3.0±1.8 0.036* Personality disorders 27.0% 18.9% 48.6% 0.009** Therapies: 0.014** SSRI 62.4% 40.4% 69.7% SNRI 19.8% 42.3% 15.1% TCA 17.8% 17.3% 15.1% Augmentation 24.3% 38.9% 17.1% 0.05** Remission 76.5% 59.5% 81.2% CvsB:0.045** CvsA:0.587** On the day of admission, non-responders were 44.5% of the sample, but 39.3% of them did not meet the Resistant criteria, defining the Pseudo-resistant group. Pseudo-resistant differed from others by younger age, fewer illness episodes, higher rate of personality disorders, and different therapies during hospitalization [Fig.1,2,3]. Pseudo-resistant remission rate, significantly greater than Resistant one, was comparable to Non-resistant [Tab.1]. *Kruskal-Wallis Test **Chi-Squared Test Conclusions This study outlines a new group of depressed patients that, apparently drug-resistant, displays the same outcome as responders when treated with first-line drugs during hospitalization, certainly taking benefit from the psychoeducational program. Quick recognition of these patients could be crucial to giving optimal care. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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20

Chapman, John S. "Disinfectant resistance mechanisms, cross-resistance, and co-resistance." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 51, no. 4 (June 2003): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(03)00044-1.

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21

Choi, Jaehyeon, Jaebong Sim, Hwanyeong Oh, and Kyoungdoug Min. "Resistance Separation of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell by Polarization Curve and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051491.

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The separation of resistances during their measurement is important because it helps to identify contributors in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell performance. The major methodologies for separating the resistances are electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves. In addition, an equivalent circuit was selected for EIS analysis. Although the equivalent circuit of PEM fuel cells has been extensively studied, less attention has been paid to the separation of resistances, including protonic resistance in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL). In this study, polarization curve and EIS analyses were conducted to separate resistances considering the charge transfer resistance, mass transport resistance, high frequency resistance, and protonic resistance in the CCL. A general solution was mathematically derived using the recursion formula. Consequently, resistances were separated and analyzed with respect to variations in relative humidity in the entire current density region. In the case of ohmic resistance, high frequency resistance was almost constant in the main operating load range (0.038–0.050 Ω cm2), while protonic resistance in the CCL exhibited sensitivity (0.025–0.082 Ω cm2) owing to oxygen diffusion and water content.

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22

Mora, Christophe, and Karyn Le Hur. "Universal resistances of the quantum resistance–capacitance circuit." Nature Physics 6, no. 9 (June 20, 2010): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys1690.

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23

Zaveri, Anurag D., Dilip N. Zaveri, and Lakshmi Bhaskaran. "Genetyping of Carbapenem-resistant Organisms Isolated from Clinical Isolates Received from Tertiary Care Hospitals of Ahmedabad, Gujarat." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 1689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.3.65.

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The world is seeing a continuous rise in the levels of antibiotic resistance1. Organisms develop new resistance mechanisms, emerge, and spread the resistance worldwide, making it challenging to treat common infectious diseases. In the current study, clinical isolates received between the years 2017 to 2020 were cultured and the isolated organisms were screened for antibiotic resistance; isolates with multiple drug resistance were further subjected to confirmatory screening through Combined Disc Test (CDT) and Modified Hodge Test (M.H.T.), and molecular characterization to be finally tested for gene expression analysis. Molecular characterization involved screening of genes blaVIM-2, blaKPC-3, blaNDM-1, and blaIMP-11 responsible for imparting carbapenem drug resistance2. From the laboratories of tertiary care hospitals, a total of 1452 clinical isolates were collected and identified. The organisms were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility screening and carbapenem resistance screening. The isolates found positive in the screenings were subjected to molecular characterization for genes, blaVIM-2, blaKPC-3, blaNDM-1, and blaIMP-11, responsible for imparting carbapenem drug resistance. Most of the isolates were resistant variably to aminoglycosides but were found to be resistant to fluoroquinolones and β-lactams group of antibiotics. Carbapenem activity was detected in twelve percent of total isolates and 27 percent among multidrug-resistant isolates. blaNDM-1 gene was found present in 77% isolates, and five organisms among the total number of organisms showed pan drug resistance.

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24

Schmidt, B. J., and F. M. Bartlett. "Review of resistance factor for steel: resistance distributions and resistance factor calibration." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-082.

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Changes in the Canadian steel industry warrant a review of the steel resistance factor in CSA Standard S16 (formerly S16.1) "Limit states design of steel structures", originally calibrated in the landmark study by Kennedy and Gad Aly in 1980. This paper presents statistical parameters for the bending, compression, and tension resistances of W, WWF, and HSS components produced since 1999 that have been derived from geometric and material properties presented in a companion paper. The resistance factor for steel was recalibrated for the live and dead load combination in the 1995 National Building Code of Canada. A resistance factor of 0.95 is suitable for laterally supported beams, stocky columns, and tension members failing by yield of the gross section, whereas the current value of 0.90 is appropriate for intermediate columns and tension members failing by fracture of the net section.Key words: code calibration, member resistance, reliability, resistance factor, safety, structural steel.

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25

Love, W. J., K. A. Zawack, J. G. Booth, Y. T. Gröhn, and C. Lanzas. "Phenotypical resistance correlation networks for 10 non-typhoidalSalmonellasubpopulations in an active antimicrobial surveillance programme." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 8 (April 30, 2018): 991–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818000833.

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AbstractAntimicrobials play a critical role in treating cases of invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis (iNTS) and other diseases, but efficacy is hindered by resistant pathogens. Selection for phenotypical resistance may occur via several mechanisms. The current study aims to identify correlations that would allow indirect selection of increased resistance to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin to improve antimicrobial stewardship. These are medically important antibiotics for treating iNTS, but these resistances persist in non-TyphiSalmonellaserotypes even though they are not licensed for use in US food animals. A set of 2875Salmonella entericaisolates collected from animal sources by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System were stratified in to 10 subpopulations based on serotype and host species. Collateral resistances in each subpopulation were estimated as network models of minimum inhibitory concentration partial correlations. Ceftriaxone sensitivity was correlated with otherβ-lactam resistances, and less commonly resistances to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or kanamycin. Azithromycin resistance was frequently correlated with chloramphenicol resistance. Indirect selection for ciprofloxacin resistance via collateral selection appears unlikely. Density of the ACSSuT subgraph resistance aligned well with the phenotypical frequency. The current study identifies several important resistances in iNTS serotypes and further research is needed to identify the causative genetic correlations.

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26

Officer, Todd M., Riccardo Pellegrino, Vito Brusasco, and Joseph R. Rodarte. "Measurement of pulmonary resistance and dynamic compliance with airway obstruction." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 1982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.5.1982.

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We compared four algorithms by using least squares regression for determination of pulmonary resistance and dynamic elastance in subjects with emphysema, normal subjects, and subjects with asthma before and after bronchoconstriction. The four methods evaluated include 1) a single resistance and elastance, 2) separate resistances and elastances for each half breath, 3) separate inspiratory and expiratory resistances with a single elastance, and 4) separate inspiratory and expiratory resistances, an expiratory volume interaction term, and a single elastance. All methods gave comparable results in normal and asthmatic subjects. We found expiratory resistance was larger than inspiratory resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects during control conditions, but inspiratory resistance was higher than expiratory resistance in subjects who experienced severe bronchoconstriction in response to methacholine. In subjects who are flow limited, method 2 gives a higher inspiratory resistance than would be computed by assuming that the elastic pressure-volume curve passes through the zero-flow points. Methods 1 and 3 overestimate dynamic elastance and inspiratory resistance. Method 4appears to identify flow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation and gives a good measure of inspiratory resistance and dynamic elastance.

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27

Jelesijević, Nenad. "Resistance against aestheticisation of resistance." Maska 29, no. 169 (March 1, 2015): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/maska.29.169-171.32_1.

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28

Jelesijević, Nenad. "Resistance against aestheticisation of resistance." Maska 30, no. 169 (March 1, 2015): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/maska.30.169-171.32_1.

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29

Zhang, Li, Tao Liu, Pei-Yong Zheng, and Guang Ji. "Leptin resistance and insulin resistance." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 17, no. 15 (2009): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v17.i15.1534.

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30

Tooming, Uku. "Imaginative resistance as imagistic resistance." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 48, no. 5 (2018): 684–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2017.1378534.

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AbstractWhen we are invited to imagine an unacceptable moral proposition to be true in fiction, we feel resistance when we try to imagine it. Despite this, it is nonetheless possible to suppose that the proposition is true. In this paper, I argue that existing accounts of imaginative resistance are unable to explain why only attempts to imagine (rather than to suppose) the truth of moral propositions cause resistance. My suggestion is that imagination, unlike supposition, involves mental imagery and imaginative resistance arises when imagery that one has formed does not match unacceptable propositions.

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31

Szanto, Thomas. "Imaginative Resistance and Empathic Resistance." Topoi 39, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 791–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11245-019-09642-9.

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32

Drake-Stowe, Katherine, Nicolas Bakaher, Simon Goepfert, Berangere Philippon, Regis Mark, Paul Peterson, and Ramsey S. Lewis. "Multiple Disease Resistance Loci Affect Soilborne Disease Resistance in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)." Phytopathology® 107, no. 9 (September 2017): 1055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-17-0118-r.

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Phytophthora nicotianae and Ralstonia solanacearum are two of the most important pathogens affecting tobacco worldwide. Greater insight regarding genetic systems controlling resistance to these two soilborne pathogens, as well as identification of DNA markers associated with genomic regions controlling this resistance, could aid in variety development. An evaluation of 50 historical tobacco lines revealed a high positive correlation between resistances to the two pathogens, preliminarily suggesting that some genomic regions may confer resistance to both pathogens. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping experiment designed to investigate the genetic control of soilborne disease resistance of highly resistant ‘K346’ tobacco identified four QTL significantly associated with resistance to P. nicotianae (explaining 60.0% of the observed phenotypic variation) and three QTL to be associated with R. solanacearum resistance (explaining 50.3% of the observed variation). The two QTL with the largest effect on Phytophthora resistance were also found to be the QTL with the greatest effects on resistance to Ralstonia. This finding partially explains previously observed associations between resistances to these two pathogens among U.S. current cultivars and within breeding populations. Further study is needed to determine whether these relationships are due to the same genes (i.e., pleiotropy) or favorable coupling-phase linkages that have been established over time.

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33

Lilja, Mona, Mikael Baaz, Michael Schulz, and Stellan Vinthagen. "How resistance encourages resistance: theorizing the nexus between power, ‘Organised Resistance’ and ‘Everyday Resistance’." Journal of Political Power 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2158379x.2017.1286084.

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34

Series, F., Y. Cormier, and M. Desmeules. "Influence of passive changes of lung volume on upper airways." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 2159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.5.2159.

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The total upper airway resistances are modified during active changes in lung volume. We studied nine normal subjects to assess the influence of passive thoracopulmonary inflation and deflation on nasal and pharyngeal resistances. With the subjects lying in an iron lung, lung volumes were changed by application of an extrathoracic pressure (Pet) from 0 to 20 (+Pet) or -20 cmH2O (-Pet) in 5-cmH2O steps. Upper airway pressures were measured with two low-bias flow catheters, one at the tip of the epiglottis and the other in the posterior nasopharynx. Breath-by-breath resistance measurements were made at an inspiratory flow rate of 300 ml/s at each Pet step. Total upper airway, nasal, and pharyngeal resistances increased with +Pet [i.e., nasal resistance = 139.6 +/- 14.4% (SE) of base-line and pharyngeal resistances = 189.7 +/- 21.1% at 10 cmH2O of +Pet]. During -Pet there were no significant changes in nasal resistance, whereas pharyngeal resistance decreased significantly (pharyngeal resistance = 73.4 +/- 7.4% at -10 cmH2O). We conclude that upper airway resistance, particularly the pharyngeal resistance, is influenced by passive changes in lung volumes, especially pulmonary deflation.

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35

أحمد علي قطب العاصي. "بطولات الملايويين في مقاومة الاحتلال الأجن يب (دراسة وصفية تاريخية)". IJUS | International Journal of Umranic Studies 4, № 2 (1 липня 2021): 79–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.59202/ijus.v4i2.418.

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The Malay Archipelago, Malay, Foreign occupant resistaences has gone through various forms of foreign occupation, but the Malays have not surrendered to the foreign occupier, rather, they resisted him by all available means, and they registered a bright history of self -defense, as they performed many resistances and attacks, but these tournaments have been forgotten, and most of researchers have not worked to explore its causes, images, and methods, so this research has been carried out in order to uncover it, by trying to answer the following questions: what stages of occupation they have? What are the causes of resistance? What are the methods followed by them during the resistance? Which categories of people participated in the resistance? The researcher will try to solve these issues mentioning the stages of occupations, causes of resistance, methods of resistance and categories of people participated in the resistance through the descriptive analytical method, this is done through desk research in the sources written in the Arabic language, in order to clarify an integrated image that shows the heroic role of the Malay peoples in resisting the foreign occupier of all kinds. The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of those are: the Malay peoples have suffered from the occupation for many years and the methods of armed resistance of them against the occupation have varied, there was collective resistance, individual resistance and the public resistance. The high-ranking people, men, women and even children also showed great braveness. Resistance was not only armed resistance, but they also chose the appropriate tricks for resistance. The politicians founded political parties. The one who think deeply can’t imagine that how the quiet and peaceful Malay people fought, scarified and resisted many times and shown different types of braveness against their enemies.

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36

Pamplona, Marisa, Mathias Kocher, Rolf Snethlage, and Luís Aires Barros. "Drilling resistance: overview and outlook." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 665–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2007/0158-0665.

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37

Valkonen, J. P. T. "Mechanisms of resistance to viruses." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): S132—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10337-pps.

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Resistance associated with a hypersensitive response (HR) and subsequent development of necrotic lesions (cell death) at the sites of virus infection can restrict virus movement in plants. Genes for HR are dominant and act on a gene-for-gene basis. Many viral proteins triggering HR have been identified. Also, several genes for HR-based virus resistance, or virus-induced cell death without resistance, have been isolated and characterized in plants, which provides novel insights to the mechanisms of virus resistance. Another international, major research frontier has formed more recently around RNA silencing, a universal RNA surveillance system and inducible virus defence mechanism in multicellular organisms. Many viral proteins interfere with different phases of RNA silencing. The data provide novel insights to break-down of resistance in mixed virus infections (viral synergism), resistance to virus movement, and recovery of plants from virus infection.

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38

Rubiales, D. "Legume breeding for broomrape resistance." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 50, No. 2 (June 12, 2014): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/106/2013-cjgpb.

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Анотація:

Legume cultivation is hampered in Mediterranean regions by the occurrence of the root parasitic weeds Orobanche crenata (crenate broomrape) and Orobanche foetida (foetida broomrape). Strategies of control have been developed but only marginal successes have been achieved. Most control methods are unfeasible, uneconomical, and hard to achieve or result in incomplete protection. Breeding for resistance is possible, but is hampered by the lack of sufficient levels of resistance, the complexity of its inheritance and the unreliability of available screening methods. Recent achievements in the identification of resistance levels and their deployment in breeding programmes will be presented and critically discussed.

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39

K, Tiwari. "Drug Resistance: Challenges and Updates." Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine 3, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000196.

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Анотація:

Use of antibiotics increased dramatically in last two decades. To cure most of the diseases broad spectrum antibiotics given. Human society and healthcare is going in wrong direction. One way the pharmaceutical companies are making huge money from it. The other way around is the overuse of these antibiotics, by patients knowing or unknowingly, not only making pathogens adapted but also the normal flora organisms becoming pathogens in coming future? Present article highlight the issues and possible solution of the present scenario.

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40

Garg, Ram. "A REVIEW ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE." Indian Journal of Health Care Medical & Pharmacy Practice 5, no. 1 (May 25, 2024): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59551/ijhmp/25832069/2024.5.1.70.

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Antibiotics are ‘wonder drugs’ when it comes to fighting microorganisms. For decades, many antibiotics have been used not only for medicinal purposes but also for preventive use in other industries such as agriculture and livestock. There has certainly been, because microorganisms have become those resistant to conventional antibiotics while the patient is still unaware of emerging resistant. It turns out we have learned that antibiotic resistance is increasing at an alarming rate.A growing list of diseases, ie.pneumonia,tuberculosis and whooping cough, are difficult and sometimes impossible to treat when antibiotics are ineffective Resistance to infections is related to the number of antibiotics used relationships. Microbial resistance is driven by the extrajudicial use of antibiotics. There is a shortage of existing or emerging multidrug-resistant antibiotics, resulting in significant reported morbidity and mortality. This review article further highlights the effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis against human animal health viruses in preventing antimicrobial resistance. Evidence from the literature suggests that knowledge about antibiotic resistance in the population is still low. Therefore, patients and the public should be educated to fight the virus.

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41

Filax, Gloria. "Resisting Resistors: Resistance in Critical Pedagogy Classrooms." Journal of Educational Thought / Revue de la Pensée Educative 31, no. 3 (May 17, 2018): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55016/ojs/jet.v31i3.52488.

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It is my contention that resistance is not adequately problematised in the critical pedagogy literature. Even while many writing about critical pedagogy support a Foucauldian understanding of power, resistance to power is often cast in terms which contradict this. Nowhere is this more evident than in discussions about resistances of students to teachers. Situating resistance with students assumes that resistance to social inequality is only initiated by teachers; that students may not already be resistors to social inequality prior to coming to the classroom; and that teachers may not also resist social inequality. By positing resistance with students, teachers, including critical pedagogues, never have to examine their own resistances.

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42

Bulajic, Snezana, Zora Mijacevic, and Radoslava Savic-Radovanovic. "Antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria." Veterinarski glasnik 62, no. 5-6 (2008): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0806329b.

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Knowledge on the antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria is still limited, possibly because of the large numbers of genera and species encountered in this group, as well as variances in their resistance spectra. The EFSA considers antibiotic resistances, especially transferable resistances, an important decision criterion for determining a strain's QPS status. There are no approved standards for the phenotypic or genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistances in food isolates. Also, the choice of media is problematic, as well as the specification of MIC breakpoint values as a result of the large species variation and the possible resulting variation in MIC values between species and genera. The current investigations in this field showed that we might end up with a range of different species- or genus-specific breakpoint values that may further increase the current complexity. Another problem associated with safety determinations of starter strains is that once a resistance phenotype and an associated resistance determinant have been identified, it becomes difficult to show that this determinant is not transferable, especially if the resistance gene is not located on a plasmid and no standard protocols for showing genetic transfer are available. Encountering those problems, the QPS system should allow leeway for the interpretations of results, especially when these relate to the methodology for resistance phenotype determinations, determinations of MIC breakpoints for certain genera, species, or strains, the nondeterminability of a genetic basis of a resistance phenotype and the transferability of resistance genes.

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43

Kotenev, Viktor I., and Alexander D. Stulov. "Method for calculating the resistance of an asynchronous squirrel cage motor according to passport data and estimation of its error." Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. Technical Sciences Series 29, no. 3 (October 13, 2021): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14498/tech.2021.3.6.

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A simpler method is proposed for determining the resistances of an induction motor (total inductive resistance, active resistance of the stator and reduced active resistance of the rotor) according to reference data. Three algebraic equations are obtained from the equations of reactive power dissipation and electromagnetic power in the nominal mode and the equation of electromagnetic power in the critical mode: the first is relative to three resistances, the second is the equation of the dependence of the active resistance of the stator relative to the total inductive resistance, and the third is the active resistance of the rotor relative to the total inductive resistance. An iterative method is proposed for solving this system of equations, which gives a small error already at the second step of the calculations. When assessing the error of the method, the specified values of the electromagnetic power and the multiplicity of the maximum torque were used, which are expressed relative to the reference resistances of the control motors. An estimate is given of the total error from the imperfection of the method and the discrepancy between the reference values of the multiplicity of the maximum torque and power on the motor shaft with their refined values calculated from the resistances from the reference book. Based on the calculated resistances in the nominal mode, the dependences of the active and inductive resistances of the motor are constructed using an accurate and approximate method.

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44

Kobylkin, S. S., V. K. Ushakov, and I. I. Kuznetsov. "Analysis of the impact of local resistance of mine workings on the total mine air-flow resistance." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 2/2024 (May 15, 2024): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2024-2-93-96.

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This paper aims to provide a quantitative assessment of the effect of local aerodynamic resistance on total mine airflow resistance with account for the friction resistance. The research includes laboratory tests, computer simulations in the Ansys CFD software as well as analytical inferences. The performed studies specified the magnitudes of local resistances at the turnings of mine workings. It has been established that the value of local resistance in all the sections can exceed 10% of the total mine aerodynamic friction resistance. This depends on the geometric parameters of the mine workings, which may result in a significant increase in the ratio of the local resistance value to the aerodynamic friction resistance value. The correlation of the two coefficients, i.e. the friction coefficient and the coefficient of local resistances, are proved to have a significant impact. The sharper the turns of the mine workings are, the greater the ratio of the local resistance to the aerodynamic friction resistance value is. Therefore, it is necessary to take this type of resistance into account when designing mine ventilation systems.

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45

Brammacharry, Usharani. "Analysing the Impact of Bedaquiline Resistance in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clinical Isolates and Investigating the Molecular Interactions of BDQ with the atpE Gene." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8983.

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The progress of the tuberculosis eradication programme is hindered by the global health issue of drug-resistant tuberculosis, which is a significant threat to the population. Resistance-associated mutations vary geographically, so investigate the prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolone (anti-TB) drugs and its association with resistance-related mutations in clinical isolates of Tamilnadu (north zone) and Puducherry was carried out. And the resultant fluoroquinolone drug-resistant tuberculosis strains will be subjected to the molecular analysis of bedaquiline resistance to study the mutation in the atpE gene. The study includes 430 specimens received at Intermediate Reference Laboratory, State TB training and Demonstration Centre in the Government Hospital for Chest Diseases for Molecular testing between January 2020 and December 2021. Samples were analysed by GenoType MTBDRslV.2 for the molecular detection of mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes. FQ resistance was observed in 32 samples (7.4%), most of which were naïve and previous treatment failure cases. Twenty-five isolates had mutations in DNA gyrase subunit -A (gyrA), while mutations in gyrB were observed in only 7 isolates. Mutational analysis revealed that the mutations mainly alter codon 94 (replacing aspartic acid with glycine, D94G), and 90 (replacing alanine with valine, A90V). In Isoniazid Resistance, MDR, and treatment failure cases, the resistance to Fluoroquinolones was most commonly associated with the D94G mutation. A molecular stimulation study evaluates the effect of BDQ on atpE gene by docking, using AutoDock 4.2, showing hydrogen, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.

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46

D.P, Singh, Sharma A.K, Babu K.S, Sharma Indu, and Nagarajan S. "Multiple Diseases, Insect Pests Resistant Genotypes and Their Utilization in Breeding for Resistance in Wheat and Triticale." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 4 (May 13, 2014): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2014.4.042914214.

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47

Paramana, Katerina. "On Resistance through Ruptures and the Rupture of Resistances." Performance Research 19, no. 6 (November 2, 2014): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2014.985112.

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48

Delpech, Gastón, Natalia García Allende, Sabina Lissarrague, and Mónica Sparo. "Antimicrobial Resistance of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Elderly Patients at a General Hospital, Argentina." Open Infectious Diseases Journal 10, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010079.

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Background:Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults.Objective:To investigate antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenicEscherichia colifrom elderly patients in a General Hospital, Argentina.Method:During the period July 2011-July 2015, patients over 70 years old with urinary tract infections, without urinary catheters and with no antimicrobial therapy the previous week before sampling, were included. Phenotypic characterization was carried out.In vitroqualitative and quantitative antimicrobial resistances were investigated. Antimicrobials assayed: ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, ertapenem, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS) and nitrofurantoin. Patients’ medical records were produced, and risk factors were analyzed by multivariate analysis.Results:768 bacterial isolates were identified asE. coli. Resistances to ampicillin (80.5%), nalidixic acid (61.7%), ciprofloxacin (42.8%), TMS (37.6%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (28.6%), cefazolin (21.6%), cefuroxime (20.7%), gentamicin (13.8%), cefotaxime (9.7%), ceftazidime (9.7%), cefepime (8.4%), cefoxitin (3.1%) and nitrofurantoin (2.3%) were observed. Resistance to carbapenems was not expressed. Production of extended spectrum β-lactamases was detected (7.6%) in community acquired (96%) and healthcare associated (4%) isolates. The independent risk factors for urinary infections produced by multi-resistantE. coliwere: diabetes mellitus, recurrent infections, hospitalization during the last year and exposure to β-lactams in the last 3 months.Conclusion:A high prevalence of resistance to β-lactams and to other antimicrobials was observed. Detection of antimicrobial multi-resistant isolates highlights the need of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in elderly patients with urinary tract infections.

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49

Miedaner, Thomas, and Viktor Korzun. "Marker-Assisted Selection for Disease Resistance in Wheat and Barley Breeding." Phytopathology® 102, no. 6 (June 2012): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-11-0157.

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Анотація:

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) provides opportunities for enhancing the response from selection because molecular markers can be applied at the seedling stage, with high precision and reductions in cost. About each of 50 genes conferring monogenic resistances and hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for quantitative disease resistances have been reported in wheat and barley. For detecting single-major gene resistance, MAS could be easily applied, but is often not necessary because the resistances are selected phenotypically. In quantitative disease resistances, MAS would be very useful, but the individual QTL often have small effects. Additionally, only a few monogenic resistances are durable and only a few QTL with high effects have been successfully transferred into elite breeding material. Further economic and biological constraints, e.g., a low return of investment in small-grain cereal breeding, lack of diagnostic markers, and the prevalence of QTL–background effects, hinder the broad implementation of MAS. Examples in which MAS has been successfully applied to practical breeding are the wheat rust resistance genes Lr34 and Yr36, the eyespot resistance gene Pch1, the recessive resistance genes rym4/rym5 to barley yellow mosaic viruses, mlo to barley powdery mildew, and two QTL for resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat (Fhb1 and Qfhs.ifa-5A). Newly identified broad-spectrum resistance genes/QTL conferring resistance to multiple taxa of pathogens offer additional perspectives for MAS. In the future, chip-based, high-throughput genotyping platforms and the introduction of genomic selection will reduce the current problems of integrating MAS in practical breeding programs and open new avenues for a molecular-based resistance breeding.

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50

Ogawa, Hikaru, Yuji Okada, Miho Kageyama, Hisaaki Gyoten, Shuka Murakami, and Motoaki Kawase. "Quantification Method of Mass Transfer Resistance in Cathode Catalyst Layer in PEFC." ECS Transactions 112, no. 4 (September 29, 2023): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11204.0121ecst.

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The quantification method of mass transfer resistance in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) should be established in order to appropriately evaluate the cell performance. Lots of PEFC research assumes that any resistances in PEFC are in series to reaction resistance. In this study, oxygen and proton transfer resistances in CCL were quantitatively separated from reaction resistance by applying the model where the through-plane mass- transport resistances were parallel to the reaction resistance. In order to evaluate oxygen and proton transfer resistance, a dimensionless cathode isothermal one-dimensional model was applied. The mass transfer resistance in CCL can be quantitatively evaluated by obtaining the value of five dimensionless moduli derived from mass balance. Polarization curves dependency on the oxygen partial pressure and relative humidity (RH) were measured at the temperature of 80 °C. Reaction rate parameters, effective oxygen diffusion coefficient, effective proton conductivity, and oxygen permeance through the ionomer layer were determined.

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