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1
Vildmyren, Iselin, Alfred Halstensen, Adrian McCann, Øivind Midttun, Per Magne Ueland, Åge Oterhals, and Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen. "Effect of Cod Residual Protein Supplementation on Markers of Glucose Regulation in Lean Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Study." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051445.
Анотація:
Large quantities of protein-rich cod residuals, which are currently discarded, could be utilized for human consumption. Although fish fillet intake is related to beneficial health effects, little is known about the potential health effects of consuming cod residual protein powder. Fifty lean adults were randomized to consume capsules with 8.1 g/day of cod residual protein (Cod-RP) or placebo capsules (Control group) for eight weeks, in this randomized, double-blind study. The intervention was completed by 40 participants. Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were unaffected by Cod-RP supplementation, whereas plasma concentrations of α-hydroxybutyrate, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate all were decreased compared with the Control group. Trimethylamine N-oxide concentration in plasma and urine were increased in the Cod-RP group compared with the Control group. To conclude, the reduction in these potential early markers of impaired glucose metabolism following Cod-RP supplementation may indicate beneficial glucoregulatory effects of cod residual proteins. Trimethylamine N-oxide appears to be an appropriate biomarker of cod residual protein intake in lean adults.
2
Montville, Thomas J., and Amy Han-Ming Hsu. "Modified glucose-oxidase/peroxidase residual glucose assay for use with anaerobic bacteria." Journal of Microbiological Methods 6, no. 2 (January 1987): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(87)90057-1.
3
De Santis, Maria, Alexander Becherer, Carsten Bokemeyer, Franz Stoiber, Karin Oechsle, Franz Sellner, Alois Lang, et al. "2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography Is a Reliable Predictor for Viable Tumor in Postchemotherapy Seminoma: An Update of the Prospective Multicentric SEMPET Trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 6 (March 15, 2004): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.07.188.
Анотація:
Purpose To define the clinical value of 2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) as a predictor for viable residual tumor in postchemotherapy seminoma residuals in a prospective multicentric trial. Patients and Methods FDG PET studies in patients with metastatic pure seminoma who had radiographically defined postchemotherapy residual masses were correlated with either the histology of the resected lesion or the clinical outcome documented by computer tomography (CT), tumor markers, and/or physical examination during follow-up. The size of the residual lesions on CT, either > 3 cm or ≤ 3 cm, was correlated with the presence or absence of viable residual tumor. Results Fifty-six FDG PET scans of 51 patients were assessable. All 19 cases with residual lesions > 3 cm and 35 (95%) of 37 with residual lesions ≤ 3 cm were correctly predicted by FDG PET. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FDG PET were 100% (95% CI, 92% to 100%), 80% (95% CI, 44% to 95%), 100%, and 96%, respectively, versus 74% (95% CI, 58% to 85%), 70% (95% CI, 34% to 90%), 37%, and 92%, respectively, for CT discrimination of the residual tumor by size (> 3 cm/≤ 3 cm). Conclusion This investigation confirms that FDG PET is the best predictor of viable residual tumor in postchemotherapy seminoma residuals and should be used as a standard tool for clinical decision making in this patient group.
4
Cook, Robert M., Bruce R. Devlin, Susan E. Ebeler, and Christian E. Butzke. "Evaluation of a Digital Blood Glucose Monitor for Measuring Residual Glucose in Wines." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 49, no. 2 (1998): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1998.49.2.225.
5
Akonur, Alp, Clifford J. Holmes, and John K. Leypoldt. "Peritoneal Residual Volume Induces Variability of Ultrafiltration with Icodextrin." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 34, no. 1 (January 2014): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2012.00175.
Анотація:
BackgroundIcodextrin induces ultrafiltration (UF) during long-dwell exchanges by creating a difference in oncotic pressure between the peritoneal cavity and plasma; however, the mechanisms governing intra-patient and inter-patient variability in UF when icodextrin is used remain largely unexplained. In the present study, we show theoretically that differences in peritoneal residual volume ( VR) have a more profound effect on UF with icodextrin use than with glucose use. This phenomenon is attributed to a differential effect of VRon oncotic, rather than osmotic, pressure between the peritoneal cavity and plasma.MethodsThe three-pore model was used to calculate the effect on UF of VRbetween 150 mL and 1200 mL when 7.5% icodextrin (ICO) or 3.86% glucose solution is used at the end of a 12-hour dwell in the four patient transport groups (that is, fast to slow). Oncotic (with ICO) and osmotic (with glucose) pressure differences averaged over the entire dwell were also calculated.ResultsAs expected, at a nominal VRof 300 mL, UF with glucose differed substantially between the four patient transport groups (2 – 804 mL), whereas UF with ICO did not (556 – 573 mL). When VRwas increased to 1200 mL from 150 mL, the concentrations of the oncotic and osmotic agents at the start of the dwell with an infusion volume of 2 L decreased to 4.9% from 7.0% with ICO and to 2.5% from 3.6% with glucose. The decrease in UF on average was greater with ICO [to 252 mL from 624 mL: that is, a reduction of 372 mL (60%)] than with glucose [to 292 mL from 398 mL: that is, a reduction of 106 mL (27%)]. Those trends agreed with the calculated reductions in the oncotic pressure difference with ICO [reduction of 12 mmHg (49%)] and the osmotic pressure difference with glucose [reduction of 19 mmHg (33%)].ConclusionsWhen ICO is used, VRmodifies the oncotic pressure difference between the peritoneal cavity and plasma to substantially alter UF. This modification suggests that potential causes of increased VRshould be considered when UF with ICO is considerably less than expected. Prospective clinical studies evaluating the relationship between VRand UF with ICO are warranted to validate the theoretical predictions in this report.
6
Awg-Adeni, D. S., K. B. Bujang, M. A. Hassan, and S. Abd-Aziz. "Recovery of Glucose from Residual Starch of Sago Hampas for Bioethanol Production." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/935852.
Анотація:
Lower concentration of glucose was often obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis process of agricultural residue due to complexity of the biomass structure and properties. High substrate load feed into the hydrolysis system might solve this problem but has several other drawbacks such as low rate of reaction. In the present study, we have attempted to enhance glucose recovery from agricultural waste, namely, “sago hampas,” through three cycles of enzymatic hydrolysis process. The substrate load at 7% (w/v) was seen to be suitable for the hydrolysis process with respect to the gelatinization reaction as well as sufficient mixture of the suspension for saccharification process. However, this study was focused on hydrolyzing starch of sago hampas, and thus to enhance concentration of glucose from 7% substrate load would be impossible. Thus, an alternative method termed as cycles I, II, and III which involved reusing the hydrolysate for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis process was introduced. Greater improvement of glucose concentration (138.45 g/L) and better conversion yield (52.72%) were achieved with the completion of three cycles of hydrolysis. In comparison, cycle I and cycle II had glucose concentration of 27.79 g/L and 73.00 g/L, respectively. The glucose obtained was subsequently tested as substrate for bioethanol production using commercial baker’s yeast. The fermentation process produced 40.30 g/L of ethanol after 16 h, which was equivalent to 93.29% of theoretical yield based on total glucose existing in fermentation media.
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Uiterwijk, Herma, Casper F. M. Franssen, Johanna Kuipers, Ralf Westerhuis, and Ferdau L. Nauta. "Glucose Exposure in Peritoneal Dialysis Is a Significant Factor Predicting Peritonitis." American Journal of Nephrology 51, no. 3 (2020): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506324.
Анотація:
Introduction: Loss of residual renal function (RRF) as well as high peritoneal glucose exposure are associated with increased peritonitis frequency in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Our objective was to investigate the contribution of RRF and peritoneal glucose exposure to peritonitis in PD patients. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, 105 incident end-stage renal disease patients that started PD between January 2006 and 2015 were studied. Follow-up was 5 years with censoring at death or switch to another treatment modality. Cox regression models were used to calculate the association between glucose exposure, RRF, and peritonitis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to examine the difference in occurrence of peritonitis between patients with high and low glucose exposure and between those with and without residual diuresis. Results: One hundred and five patients were followed for a mean of 23 months. Fifty-one patients developed a peritonitis. Cox regression models at 6 months showed that glucose exposure and not residual diuresis significantly predicted PD peritonitis. Kaplan-Meier analysis after 6 months of follow-up showed that time to first PD peritonitis was significantly longer in the low glucose exposure group. Similarly, patients with RRF had a significantly longer interval to first peritonitis compared to patients without RRF. Conclusion: A higher exposure to glucose rather than loss of RRF is associated with an increased risk of peritonitis. This confirms the detrimental effects of glycemic harm to the peritoneal host defense on invading microorganisms and argues for the use of the lowest PD glucose concentrations possible.
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Szeto, Cheuk-Chun, Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan, Kai-Ming Chow, Sebastian Chung, Vincent Yu, Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng, Chi-Bon Leung, Man-Ching Law, and Philip Kam-Tao Li. "Predictors of Residual Renal Function Decline in Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 35, no. 2 (March 2015): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2013.00075.
Анотація:
BackgroundResidual renal function (RRF) is an important prognostic indicator in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. We determined the predictors of RRF loss in a cohort of incident CAPD patients.MethodsWe reviewed the record of 645 incident CAPD patients. RRF loss is represented by the slope of decline of residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as well as the time to anuria.ResultsThe average rate of residual GFR decline was -0.083 ± 0.094 mL/min/month. The rate of residual GFR decline was faster with a higher proteinuria (r = -0.506, p < 0.0001) and baseline residual GFR (r = -0.560, p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that proteinuria, baseline residual GFR, and the use of diuretics were independent predictors of residual GFR decline. Cox proportional hazard model showed that proteinuria, glucose exposure, and the number of peritonitis episodes were independent predictors of progression to anuria, while a higher baseline GFR was protective. Each 1 g/day of proteinuria is associated with a 13.2% increase in the risk of progressing to anuria, each 10 g/day higher glucose exposure is associated with a 2.5% increase in risk, while each peritonitis episode confers a 3.8% increase in risk.ConclusionsOur study shows that factors predicting the loss of residual solute clearance and urine output are different. Proteinuria, baseline residual GFR, and the use of diuretics are independently related to the rate of RRF decline in CAPD patients, while proteinuria, glucose exposure, and the number of peritonitis episodes are independent predictors for the development of anuria. The role of anti-proteinuric therapy and measures to prevent peritonitis episodes in the preservation of RRF should be tested in future studies.
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Yáñez, R., J. L. Alonso, and J. C. Parajó. "Production of hemicellulosic sugars and glucose from residual corrugated cardboard." Process Biochemistry 39, no. 11 (July 2004): 1543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00283-8.
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Motton, Stéphanie, Thomas De Lapparent, Isabelle Brenot-Rossi, Max Buttarelli, Maryam Al Nakib, Jocelyne Jacquemier, Agnès Tallet, and Gilles Houvenaeghel. "18 Fluoro-2deoxy-d-Glucose-Positron Emission Tomography and Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 19, no. 1 (2009): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/igj.0b013e318197f276.
Анотація:
Introduction:The aim of this study was to compare 18 fluoro-2deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) after chemoradiation to histological findings after lymphadenectomy and radical hysterectomy and thus evaluate if FDG-PET could avoid surgery when negative.Methods:Twenty-one patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated by chemoradiation, brachytherapy, and adjuvant surgery were prospectively enrolled. 18 Fluoro-2deoxy-d-glucose-PET was realized 5 weeks after concomitant chemoradiation and compared with histology.Results:18 Fluoro-2deoxy-d-glucose-PET assessed residual cervical involvement after chemoradiation with a sensitivity of 27.3%, specificity of 90%, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 75%. The negative predictive value (NPV) and the false-negative rate (FN) were 50%. Among patients with no evidence of disease on FDG-PET but with residual involvement on histology, 75% had residual involvement size under10 mm.For residual pelvic lymph node involvement, the specificity was 100%, NPV was 83.3%, and FN rate was 16.7%.For residual paraaortic lymph node involvement, specificity and sensitivity were 100%, but only 1 patient was concerned. Considering all the lymph node locations, sensitivity was 20%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, and NPV 90%.Considering all localizations for each patient, control FDG-PET had a 30% sensitivity, 87% specificity, 80% PPV, and 43% NPV. False-negative rate was 43%.Conclusion:The aim of this study was to evaluate if control FDG-PET might avoid surgery for patients with a negative screening. Although FDG-PET is an interesting diagnostic test for residual lymph node involvement evaluation, it seems not accurate enough to be the only element of the surgery's indication. However, our sample size was too small to definitely conclude.
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Freeman, H. J., S. T. Ellis, G. A. Johnston, W. C. Kwan, and G. A. Quamme. "Sodium-dependent D-glucose transport after proximal small intestinal resection in rat." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 255, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): G292—G297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1988.255.3.g292.
Анотація:
Massive small intestinal resection results in both structural and functional changes in the residual small bowel. Sodium-dependent D-glucose transport was examined in brush-border membrane vesicles derived from the terminal 20-30 cm of ileal mucosa of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 2 and 6 wk after 66% proximal jejunoileal resection or jejunoileal transection. Kinetic characteristics for sodium-dependent D-glucose transport were investigated with rapid filtration under conditions of a zero-trans, 100 mM cis-NaSCN gradient. Mucosal weight, protein, and DNA content were increased in the residual terminal intestinal segment compared with transected controls, whereas morphometric studies revealed increased villus and crypt heights as well as an increased mitotic index. Mean kinetic transport parameters at 6 wk after proximal small bowel resection revealed two saturable systems in the distal residual ileum: first, a low-affinity, high-capacity system with a Km of 0.19 +/- 0.03 mM and a Vmax of 0.48 +/- 0.04 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1; and second, a high-affinity, low-capacity system with a Km of 0.009 +/- 0.001 mM and a Vmax of 0.105 +/- 0.016 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1. In contrast, negligible sodium-dependent D-glucose transport was detected in the most distal ileum in control animals or animals 2 wk after resection or 2 and 6 wk after transection. Thus adaptational changes including mucosal hyperplasia and the appearance of two sodium-dependent D-glucose brush-border membrane vesicle transport systems occur in the residual distal intestine after massive proximal small bowel resection.
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Éva Erdei, István Pócsi, Mónika Molnár, Gyöngyi Gyémánt, and János Nagy. "Determination of conversion rate values to characterise the ethanol production of the Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS712 fungus branch." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 42 (December 22, 2010): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/42/2655.
Анотація:
The ethanol production of the Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS712 strain was investigated among different kind of condition. We defined the conversion rate in order to know the efficiency of the ethanol production. To determine this value, it is crucial to characterize the residual glucose concentracio. We chose two method to determine the amount of residual glucose. The first method is the thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the second method is the method of the glucose-oxidase enzyme. We found that the TLC method is reliable than the other method. The conversion rates were determined from these values and the ethanol values. The maximal ethanol production of the characterized Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS712 strain (5.6% (v/v) ethanol at 45 °C, 55.3% conversion rate) is comparable to those strains which are applied in industrial ethanol production nowadays.
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Shi, Shu Zhi, Da You Cheng, Cui Hong Dai, Zhao Xin Lu, and Cheng Fei Luo. "Effect on Different Modes to Ethanol Fermentation of Energy Beet." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.437.
Анотація:
In order to meet the needs of industrial mass production,people began to explore the effect on different modes to ethanol fermentation.Ethanol fermentation with energy beet was done by using batch fermentation and continuous fermentation.Results showed that batch fermentation was better than continuous mode,but its technology was cockamamie.The residual glucose content in fermenting mash was high when fermentation was continuous.And the fermentation was halfway.But continuous fermentation was convenient for industrialization producing.Although the residual glucose content in continuous fermentation mode was high through 0.06 h-1 sugar concentration,the last translation rate of ethanol was high.
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Cönerr, F., and P. Saçaklı. "Effects of In-Ovo Glucose and Glutamine Treatment on Hatching Efficiency, Intestinal Histomorphology and Gene Expression of Digestive Enzymes in Broiler Chicks." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 74, no. 3 (October 18, 2023): 6125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30895.
Анотація:
The purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of in-ovo injection of glucose and glutamine on hatching efficiency, hatching weight, liver and residual yolk weights, intestinal histomorphology and gene expressions of digestive enzymes. On the 17th day of incubation, NaCl (0.9 %), glutamine (0.5 ml 10%), glucose (0.5 ml 0.25 g/ml), and glutamine+glucose (0.25 ml 10%+0.25 ml 0.25 g/ml) were injected into the amniotic sac. In-ovo injection of glucose, glutamine and glucose+glutamine significantly decreased hatching efficiency in glucose and glutamin+glucose groups (p<0.001). This treatment did not affect hatching weight, liver and residual yolk weight in any of the groups. When the intestinal histomorphology was evaluated, in-ovo injection was found to increase the villi height/crypt depth ratio, villus width and the number of goblet cells in the jejunum; whereas villi height, crypt depth, and tunica muscularis thickness were not significantly affected by the treatments. Moreover, the ileum histomorphology in general appear not to be affected by any of the treatments as well. In-ovo glutamine injection significantly increased Suc-Iso and mTOR gene expressions (p≤0.05) compared to the control group, whereas SGLT1 gene expression was statistically indifferent. At the end of the study, while in-ovo glucose and glutamine injection had an overall negative effect on the hatching efficiency in broiler chicks.
15
Htay, Htay, Yeoungjee Cho, Elaine M. Pascoe, Darsy Darssan, Carmel Hawley, and David W. Johnson. "Predictors of Residual Renal Function Decline in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: ThebalANZ Trial." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 37, no. 3 (May 2017): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2016.00206.
Анотація:
ObjectivePreservation of residual renal function (RRF) is associated with improved survival. The aim of the present study was to identify independent predictors of RRF and urine volume (UV) in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.MethodsThe study included incident PD patients who were balANZ trial participants. The primary and secondary outcomes were RRF and UV, respectively. Both outcomes were analyzed using mixed effects linear regression with demographic data in the first model and PD-related parameters included in a second model.ResultsThe study included 161 patients (mean age 57.9 ± 14.1 years, 44% female, 33% diabetic, mean follow-up 19.5 ± 6.6 months). Residual renal function declined from 7.5 ± 2.9 mL/min/1.73 m2at baseline to 3.3 ± 2.8 mL/min/1.73 m2at 24 months. Better preservation of RRF was independently predicted by male gender, higher baseline RRF, higher time-varying systolic blood pressure (SBP), biocompatible (neutral pH, low glucose degradation product) PD solution, lower peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) and lower dialysate glucose exposure. In particular, biocompatible solution resulted in 27% better RRF preservation. Each 1 L/day increase in UF was associated with 8% worse RRF preservation ( p = 0.007) and each 10 g/day increase in dialysate glucose exposure was associated with 4% worse RRF preservation ( p < 0.001). Residual renal function was not independently predicted by body mass index, diabetes mellitus, renin angiotensin system inhibitors, peritoneal solute transport rate, or PD modality. Similar results were observed for UV.ConclusionsCommon modifiable risk factors which were consistently associated with preserved RRF and residual UV were use of biocompatible PD solutions and achievement of higher SBP, lower peritoneal UF, and lower dialysate glucose exposure over time.
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Bolinder, Jan. "CLOuDs Disperse — Top-Notch Glucose Control and Residual C-Peptide Secretion." New England Journal of Medicine 387, no. 10 (September 8, 2022): 937–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejme2209740.
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Sclafani, Anthony, Steven Zukerman, and Karen Ackroff. "Residual Glucose Taste in T1R3 Knockout but not TRPM5 Knockout Mice." Physiology & Behavior 222 (August 2020): 112945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112945.
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Gomes, Rodrigo da Costa, Renata Farinelli de Siqueira, Michael Alan Ballou, Tiago Roberto Stella, and Paulo Roberto Leme. "Hematological profile of beef cattle with divergent residual feed intake, following feed deprivation." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 46, no. 9 (September 2011): 1105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2011000900019.
Анотація:
The objective of this work was to characterize the hematological profiles of steers and bulls, according to residual feed intake (RFI), after feed deprivation. Twenty‑month‑old Nellore steers and bulls were fed feedlot diets for 70 and 56 days, respectively. RFI was calculated as the difference between actual feed intake and expected feed intake. More and less efficient steers and bulls, according to RFI, were subjected to 24 hours of food deprivation. Blood was sampled prior to and following the withdrawal period. Hematological analyses included total and differential white blood cell count, red blood cell count and morphology, and plasma glucose concentration. Variation in RFI did not influence plasma glucose concentration or blood cell profiles. Glucose concentrations in bulls decreased from 114 to 97 mg dL‑1, but remained unchanged in steers, and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio increased from 0.39 to 0.57 following deprivation. Hematological profiles do not differ between more and less efficient steers and bulls, according to RFI.
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De Santis, Maria, Carsten Bokemeyer, Alexander Becherer, Franz Stoiber, Karin Oechsle, Kurt Kletter, Bernhard M. Dohmen, Christian Dittrich, and Jörg Pont. "Predictive Impact of 2-18Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography for Residual Postchemotherapy Masses in Patients With Bulky Seminoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 17 (September 1, 2001): 3740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.17.3740.
Анотація:
PURPOSE: To establish the predictive potential of 2-18fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) for detecting viable tumor tissue in residual postchemotherapy masses of seminoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective multicenter trial, results of FDG PET studies in seminoma patients with postchemotherapy masses ≥ 1 cm were correlated with either the histology of the resected lesion or the clinical outcome on follow-up without resection. Negative PET scans of residual lesions that were devoid of viable tumor tissue on resection or disappeared, shrunk, or remained stable in size for at least 2 years were rated as true-negative (TN). Positive scans without histologic or clinical evidence of tumor tissue were classified as false-positive. In patients with histologically positive or progressive lesions, positive PET scans were defined as true-positive (TP) and negative scans, false-negative (FN). RESULTS: Thirty-seven PET scans of 33 patients were assessable at a median follow-up time of 23 months (range, 2 to 46 months). Histologic data were available from nine patients who had undergone resection. Twenty-eight patients were followed-up clinically and radiologically. Twenty-eight scans were TN, eight were TP, and one was FN. All 14 residual lesions more than 3 cm and 22 (96%) of the 23 ≤ 3 cm were correctly predicted by FDG PET. The specificity (100%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87.7% to 100%), sensitivity (89%; 95% CI, 51.7% to 99.7%), positive predictive value (100%), and the negative predictive value (97%) of FDG PET were superior to data obtained by assessing residual tumor size (≤ or > 3 cm). CONCLUSION: FDG PET is a clinically useful predictor of viable tumor in postchemotherapy residuals of pure seminoma, especially those greater than 3 cm.
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Rusdana, Fariz Mufti, Itasia Dina Sulvianti, and Erfiani. "Regresi Elastic Net dengan Peringkasan Luas untuk Mengukur Keakuratan Alat Non-Invasive Produk Tahun 2017 dan 2019." Xplore: Journal of Statistics 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/xplore.v11i1.848.
Анотація:
Diabetes melitus is one of dangerous disease because it’s hard to be cured. This is shows it’s important for everyone to always control and checking their blood glucose levels to prevent make the diabetes melitus is getting worse. Non-invasive biomarking team from IPB currently developing blood glucose device measurement with non-invasive method. Now, the non-invasive biomarking team from IPB already created 2 products, design product for 2017’s and 2019’s with the output in the form of a residual intensity spectrum with respect to the time-domain. Therefore, calibration modeling is needed to predict blood glucose level. The best calibration modeling method for 2017’s device discovered by Herianti (2020) with elastic net regression and DDC algorithm for resolve the outlier. In 2019, measuring the blood glucose level were using different tools. This research aims to determine a more stable tool for measuring the blood glucose level with non-invasive method from 2 available tools, and to determine a more accurate summarization method of the intensity residual spectrum. More stable tool for measuring the blood glucose level is a 2017’s device. The summarization method in this research uses a trapezoidal area and 3 digit summarization approach. The result showed that the 2 summarization method didn’t have a significant different in accuracy.
21
Gabarrou, Jean-François, Pierre Andre Geraert, John Williams, Laurent Ruffier, and Nicole Rideau. "Glucose–insulin relationships and thyroid status of cockerels selected for high or low residual food consumption." British Journal of Nutrition 83, no. 6 (June 2000): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500000829.
Анотація:
The plasma glucose–insulin relationships and thyroid status were investigated in two lines of adult cockerels divergently selected for high (R+) or low (R-) residual food consumption (RFC). For a given body weight, R+ birds had a 74 % higher food intake than R- birds. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the R+ line compared with the R- when fasted, whereas R+ birds exhibited a significantly lower plasma insulin concentration than R- birds either in fed or fasted state. After an overnight fast, R+ birds also exhibited a higher sensitivity to exogenous insulin in view of its more pronounced hypoglycaemic effect. After an oral glucose load, the glucose disposal of R+ cockerels was faster despite lower glucose-induced plasma insulin concentration. Whilst plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were lower in the R+ line when fed, plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were higher in fasted R+ than R- cockerels (684v.522 μmol/l). Higher plasma triiodothyronine concentrations were observed in fed R+ compared with R- birds (3·0v.2·1 nmol/l respectively). The higher plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine associated with lower concentrations of insulin could account for the leanness and the elevated diet-induced thermogenesis previously observed in the R+ line.
22
King, Linda M., and Lionel H. Opie. "Glucose delivery is a major determinant of glucose utilisation in the ischemic myocardium with a residual coronary flow." Cardiovascular Research 39, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00100-x.
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Daniele, Giuseppe, Carolina Solis-Herrera, Angela Dardano, Andrea Mari, Andrea Tura, Laura Giusti, Jancy J. Kurumthodathu, et al. "Increase in endogenous glucose production with SGLT2 inhibition is attenuated in individuals who underwent kidney transplantation and bilateral native nephrectomy." Diabetologia 63, no. 11 (August 22, 2020): 2423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05254-w.
Анотація:
Abstract Aims/hypothesis The glucosuria induced by sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition stimulates endogenous (hepatic) glucose production (EGP), blunting the decline in HbA1c. We hypothesised that, in response to glucosuria, a renal signal is generated and stimulates EGP. To examine the effect of acute administration of SGLT2 inhibitors on EGP, we studied non-diabetic individuals who had undergone renal transplant with and without removal of native kidneys. Methods This was a parallel, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre study, designed to evaluate the effect of a single dose of dapagliflozin or placebo on EGP determined by stable-tracer technique. We recruited non-diabetic individuals who were 30–65 years old, with a BMI of 25–35 kg/m2 and stable body weight (±2 kg) over the preceding 3 months, and HbA1c <42 mmol/mol (6.0%). Participants had undergone renal transplant with and without removal of native kidneys and were on a stable dose of immunosuppressive medications. Participants received a single dose of dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo on two separate days, at a 5- to 14-day interval, according to randomisation performed by our hospital pharmacy, which provided dapagliflozin and matching placebo, packaged in bulk bottles that were sequentially numbered. Both participants and investigators were blinded to group assignment. Results Twenty non-diabetic renal transplant patients (ten with residual native kidneys, ten with bilateral nephrectomy) participated in the study. Dapagliflozin induced greater glucosuria in individuals with residual native kidneys vs nephrectomised individuals (8.6 ± 1.1 vs 5.5 ± 0.5 g/6 h; p = 0.02; data not shown). During the 6 h study period, plasma glucose decreased only slightly and similarly in both groups, with no difference compared with placebo (data not shown). Following administration of placebo, there was a progressive time-related decline in EGP that was similar in both nephrectomised individuals and individuals with residual native kidneys. Following dapagliflozin administration, EGP declined in both groups, but the differences between the decrement in EGP with dapagliflozin and placebo in the group with bilateral nephrectomy (Δ = 1.11 ± 0.72 μmol min−1 kg−1) was significantly lower (p = 0.03) than in the residual native kidney group (Δ = 2.56 ± 0.33 μmol min−1 kg−1). In the population treated with dapagliflozin, urinary glucose excretion was correlated with EGP (r = 0.34, p < 0.05). Plasma insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, prehepatic insulin:glucagon ratio, lactate, alanine and pyruvate concentrations were similar following placebo and dapagliflozin treatment. β-Hydroxybutyrate increased with dapagliflozin treatment in the residual native kidney group, while a small increase was observed only at 360 min in the nephrectomy group. Plasma adrenaline (epinephrine) did not change after dapagliflozin and placebo treatment in either group. Following dapagliflozin administration, plasma noradrenaline (norepinephrine) increased slightly in the residual native kidney group and decreased in the nephrectomy group. Conclusions/interpretation In nephrectomised individuals, the hepatic compensatory response to acute SGLT2 inhibitor-induced glucosuria was attenuated, as compared with individuals with residual native kidneys, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitor-mediated stimulation of hepatic glucose production via efferent renal nerves occurs in an attempt to compensate for the urinary glucose loss (i.e. a renal–hepatic axis). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03168295 Funding This protocol was supported by Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) Award No. NPRP 8-311-3-062 and NIH grant DK024092-38. Graphical abstract
24
Lorquet, Frédérique, Philippe Goffin, Lidia Muscariello, Jean-Bernard Baudry, Victor Ladero, Margherita Sacco, Michiel Kleerebezem, and Pascal Hols. "Characterization and Functional Analysis of the poxB Gene, Which Encodes Pyruvate Oxidase in Lactobacillus plantarum." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 12 (June 15, 2004): 3749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.12.3749-3759.2004.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT The pyruvate oxidase gene (poxB) from Lactobacillus plantarum Lp80 was cloned and characterized. Northern blot and primer extension analyses revealed that transcription of poxB is monocistronic and under the control of a vegetative promoter. poxB mRNA expression was strongly induced by aeration and was repressed by glucose. Moreover, Northern blotting performed at different stages of growth showed that poxB expression is maximal in the early stationary phase when glucose is exhausted. Primer extension and in vivo footprint analyses revealed that glucose repression of poxB is mediated by CcpA binding to the cre site identified in the promoter region. The functional role of the PoxB enzyme was studied by using gene overexpression and knockout in order to evaluate its implications for acetate production. Constitutive overproduction of PoxB in L. plantarum revealed the predominant role of pyruvate oxidase in the control of acetate production under aerobic conditions. The ΔpoxB mutant strain exhibited a moderate (20 to 25%) decrease in acetate production when it was grown on glucose as the carbon source, and residual pyruvate oxidase activity that was between 20 and 85% of the wild-type activity was observed with glucose limitation (0.2% glucose). In contrast, when the organism was grown on maltose, the poxB mutation resulted in a large (60 to 80%) decrease in acetate production. In agreement with the latter observation, the level of residual pyruvate oxidase activity with maltose limitation (0.2% maltose) was less than 10% of the wild-type level of activity.
25
Immonen, K., and E. Puolanne. "Variation of residual glycogen-glucose concentration at ultimate pH values below 5.75." Meat Science 55, no. 3 (July 2000): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1740(99)00152-7.
26
Mobbs, Charles V. "Molecular hysteresis: Residual effects of hormones and glucose on genes during aging." Neurobiology of Aging 15, no. 4 (July 1994): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-4580(94)90092-2.
27
Garajová, Katarína, Martina Zimmermann, Martina Petrenčáková, Lenka Dzurová, Michal Nemergut, Ľudovít Škultéty, Gabriel Žoldák, and Erik Sedlák. "The molten-globule residual structure is critical for reflavination of glucose oxidase." Biophysical Chemistry 230 (November 2017): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2017.08.009.
28
Tolkacheva, V. V., M. L. Diane, N. I. Khutsishvili, F. E. Cabello Montoya, I. S. Nazarov, I. P. Smirnov, S. A. Galochkin, and Zh D. Kobalava. "Hydration status in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure depending on the severity of glucose metabolism disorder." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 22, no. 4 (January 24, 2024): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2023-4-114-121.
Анотація:
Aim. To study the hydration status according to clinical parameters and laboratory and instrumental research findings at admission and discharge in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), depending on the severity of glucose metabolism disorder.Materials and methods. The study included 280 patients (53% men, average age 70.1 ± 10.8 years) with ADHF. 72.5% of patients had arterial hypertension in the medical history, 60% of patients had coronary artery disease. In all patients, the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined to assess the glucose metabolism status. The patients were divided into groups depending on the results obtained: at HbA1c values < 5.7%, patients were included in the group without glucose metabolism disorders, at HbA1c of 5.7–6.4% – in the prediabetes group, at HbA1c ≥ 6.5% – in the type 2 diabetes group. The patients underwent a standard physical examination at admission and at discharge, as well as a clinical and comprehensive assessment of congestion (determination of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), lung ultrasound, liver Fibroscan testing, including calculation of a controlled attenuation parameter, bioimpedance analysis of the body).Results. The frequency of glucose metabolism disorders in patients hospitalized with ADHF was 57.5% (n = 161), while prediabetes was detected in 17.1% of patients (n = 48) and type 2 diabetes – in 40.4% (n = 113) of cases. Congestion at admission was detected in all patients. A significantly higher frequency of residual (61%) and a lower frequency of subclinical congestion (10%) were revealed in patients with ADHF and type 2 diabetes, compared to patients without glucose metabolism disorders (39% for residual congestion, 27% for subclinical congestion) and prediabetes (40% for residual congestion, 25% for subclinical congestion), respectively. There were no significant differences in the frequency of euvolemia at discharge, depending on the glucose metabolism disorder.Conclusion. Тo assess congestion phenomena at discharge, it is necessary to use clinical, laboratory, and instrumental assessments for patients with ADHF and glucose metabolism disorders. However, in patients with ADHF and prediabetes, it is preferable to focus on the laboratory and instrumental assessment of congestion, while in patients with ADHF and type 2 diabetes, both clinical and laboratory and instrumental assessment of congestion should be performed.
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Khazova, E. V., and O. V. Bulashova. "Residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 22, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 3382. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3382.
Анотація:
The residual risk in patients with atherosclerosis, despite the its controversial aspects, remains an urgent problem of modern cardiology. The article presents a review of publications on the prevalence and significance for determining the prognosis of residual risk, which is currently interpreted as the risk of macroand microvascular complications in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) taking standard therapy, with the achievement of optimal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure and glucose. Based on available publications, we highlighted current views on the factors associated with residual inflammatory and lipid risks in ACVD patients, including those associated with heart failure and diabetes, and the prognostic significance of residual risk in such patients. An attempt was made to rationale the significance of determining the residual risk for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.
30
Rozenfelde, Linda, Māris Puķe, Irēna Krūma, Ieva Poppele, Nataļja Matjuškova, Nikolajs Vederņikovs, and Alexander Rapoport. "Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose for Bioethanol Production." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 71, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2017-0046.
Анотація:
Abstract The effect of temperature, time and amount of enzyme on hydrolysis of wheat straw lignocellulose remaining after furfural production was studied. The residual substrate was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at different temperatures — 45 °C, 50 °C and 55 °C. Hydrolysis time was 72 hours, and samples were taken every 24 hours. The maximum glucose yield (76.5% of the theoretically possible) was reached when hydrolysis temperature 50 °C was used. The production rate of glucose increased with a hydrolysis period of time. The yield of glucose significantly depended on the ratio of enzyme to substrate.
31
Chin, Bennett B., Pavni Patel, Christian Cohade, Marge Ewertz, Richard Wahl, and Paul Ladenson. "Recombinant Human Thyrotropin Stimulation of Fluoro-d-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography Uptake in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031027.
Анотація:
TSH stimulates thyrocyte metabolism, glucose transport, and glycolysis. 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) is a glucose analog used in positron emission tomography (PET) to detect occult well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of recombinant human TSH (rTSH) on FDG PET uptake in patients with residual or recurrent disease. Seven patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, negative 131-I scintigraphy, and biochemical evidence of residual disease were randomized and prospectively studied with FDG PET both on thyroid hormone suppression and rTSH stimulation within 1 wk. All lesions seen on the TSH suppression scans were seen on the rTSH stimulation studies. rTSH stimulation studies identified four additional lesions not seen on TSH suppression. One patient was positive on rTSH stimulation alone. The mean (2.54 ± 0.72 vs. 1.79 ± 0.88) and maximum (2.49 ± 0.95 vs. 1.74 ± 0.81) lesion to background ratios were significantly higher with rTSH stimulation, compared with TSH suppression (P = 0.02 for both). rTSH stimulation improves the detectability of occult thyroid metastases with FDG PET, compared with scans performed on TSH suppression.
32
Mirsaeva, F. Z., R. M. Garaishin, S. R. Kzyrgalin, R. R. Kitapova, D. A. Kostromina, D. R. Garaishina, and T. R. Zaleev. "Study of the penetrating ability of 5% glucose solution into insulin–dependent cells of mouse organs, under the influence of ionising radiation." E3S Web of Conferences 420 (2023): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342005005.
Анотація:
The aim of the work is to study the penetrating ability of a 5% glucose solution into damaged insulin-dependent tissues of the body, under the influence of various doses of ionising radiation. Hypothesis. Since there is a certain level of glucose in the blood, it is possible to assume increased damage to cells under the influence of an excessive amount of glucose penetrating into cells not only with the help of carrier proteins, but also through radiation-damaged cell membranes. Materials and methods. In order to assess the damaging effect of ionising radiation, insulin-dependent organs were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of organs of 10 mice that received a dose of ionising radiation of 1 g. The second group consisted of organs of 10 mice that received a dose of ionising radiation of 2 Gy. The third group consisted of the organs of 10 mice that received a dose of 3Gн ionising radiation. Results and discussion. Depending on the dose of irradiation of organ groups, we found a direct dependence of the decrease in the content of residual glucose in the nutrient medium 6 hours after irradiation. And inversely proportional dependence of glucose content 24 hours after irradiation. The strongest penetrating power of 5% glucose is observed when irradiated with a radiation dose of 2 Gy. Under the influence of ionising radiation, target cells were stained more intensively with hematoxylin-eosin than intact tissues, regardless of the radiation dose. Conclusions. Therefore, the in vitro study reflects both changes in residual glucose level in the nutrient medium, without active participation of glucose and insulin carrier proteins, and intracellular changes under the influence of ionising radiation damaging factors on animal organ cells.
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Short, Kevin R., Lauren V. Pratt, and April M. Teague. "The Acute and Residual Effect of a Single Exercise Session on Meal Glucose Tolerance in Sedentary Young Adults." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/278678.
Анотація:
The study goals were to (1) establish the variability in postprandial glucose control in healthy young people consuming a mixed meal and, then (2) determine the acute and residual impact of a single exercise bout on postprandial glucose control. In study 1, 18 people completed two similar mixed meal trials and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). There were strong test-retest correlations for the post-meal area under the curve (AUC) for glucose, insulin, and Cpeptide (r=0.73–0.83) and the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI,r=0.76), and between meal and IVGTT-derived ISI (r=0.83). In study 2, 11 untrained young adults completed 3 trials. One trial (No Ex) was completed after refraining from vigorous activity for ≥3 days. On the other 2 trials, a 45-min aerobic exercise bout was performed either 17-hours (Prior Day Ex) or 1-hour (Same Day Ex) before consuming the test meal. Compared to No Ex and Prior Day Ex, which did not differ from one another, there were lower AUCs on the Same Day Ex trial for glucose (6%), insulin (20%) and C-peptide (14%). Thus, a single moderate intensity exercise session can acutely improve glycemic control but the effect is modest and short-lived.
34
Qi, Hualin, Chen Xu, Haidong Yan, and Jun Ma. "Comparison of Icodextrin and Glucose Solutions for Long Dwell Exchange in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 31, no. 2 (March 2011): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2009.00264.
Анотація:
BackgroundIcodextrin is widely used in peritoneal dialysis (PD); however, the safety and efficacy of icodextrin are unclear. In the present study, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared icodextrin and glucose for the once-daily long dwell in PD.MethodsElectronic searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to select all eligible studies. Eligible studies, as determined by consensus using predefined criteria, were reviewed, and data were extracted onto a standard form.ResultsIn the 9 RCTs that were identified, patients using icodextrin were found to have much greater net ultrafiltration (UF) and a lower incidence of negative net UF compared to patients using 1.5%, 2.5%, and 4.25% glucose solutions. Additionally, icodextrin has a markedly increased UF efficiency ratio and peritoneal clearance of creatinine and urea nitrogen, but residual renal function was not different from patients using glucose solutions for PD. No significant differences were observed between icodextrin and glucose groups with respect to risk of mortality, peritonitis, and total adverse events. Although rashes occurred significantly more often in icodextrin groups, few differences were noted between icodextrin and glucose groups when withdrawal rates secondary to adverse events were compared.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that icodextrin provides patients with greater fluid removal and small solute clearance and does not cause any damage to residual renal function. Icodextrin is particularly appropriate for use in patients with high peritoneal transport status.
35
Hajjaj, Hassan, Peter Niederberger, and Philippe Duboc. "Lovastatin Biosynthesis by Aspergillus terreus in a Chemically Defined Medium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 2596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.6.2596-2602.2001.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Lovastatin is a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus terreus. A chemically defined medium was developed in order to investigate the influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on lovastatin biosynthesis. Among several organic and inorganic defined nitrogen sources metabolized by A. terreus, glutamate and histidine gave the highest lovastatin biosynthesis level. For cultures on glucose and glutamate, lovastatin synthesis initiated when glucose consumption levelled off. When A. terreus was grown on lactose, lovastatin production initiated in the presence of residual lactose. Experimental results showed that carbon source starvation is required in addition to relief of glucose repression, while glutamate did not repress biosynthesis. A threefold-higher specific productivity was found with the defined medium on glucose and glutamate, compared to growth on complex medium with glucose, peptonized milk, and yeast extract.
36
Rigalleau, V., M. Beylot, C. Pachiaudi, C. Guillot, G. Deleris, and H. Gin. "Mechanisms of glucose intolerance during triglyceride infusion." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 275, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): E641—E648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.4.e641.
Анотація:
Lipid infusions may affect glucose tolerance by effects on glucose production or utilization. We performed double-labeled oral glucose tolerance tests with and without a lipid infusion in eight normal subjects. During the lipid infusion, plasma glucose and insulin levels were higher, showing some insulin resistance. The increased glucose level was due to a higher total glucose appearance rate, partly reproducible by a control infusion of glycerol [saline 1,181 ± 71 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ 330 min−1 vs. lipid 1,388 ± 100 ( P < 0.05) vs. glycerol 1,276 ± 126 (NS)]. The tracer-determined appearance rate of exogenous glucose was higher with lipid infusion but was probably overestimated because of higher13C recycling into glucose. Residual systemic glucose production was increased but was reproducible by the glycerol infusion. Total glucose disposal was increased. This was observed despite a lower stimulation of total glucose oxidation as measured by indirect calorimetry, whereas oxidation of exogenous glucose was normal after correction for the lipid-induced modification of excretion rate of13CO2. Accordingly, glucose nonoxidative disposal was increased. These moderate modifications of glucose metabolism (increased appearance, increased nonoxidative disposal, and lower total oxidation) have been reported in starvation-induced or spontaneously impaired glucose tolerance. Further impairment, especially decreased nonoxidative glucose disposal, seems to be required to produce non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
37
DAVIES, SIMON J., LOUISE PHILLIPS, PATRICK F. NAISH, and GAVIN I. RUSSELL. "Peritoneal Glucose Exposure and Changes in Membrane Solute Transport with Time on Peritoneal Dialysis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, no. 5 (May 2001): 1046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v1251046.
Анотація:
Abstract. Peritoneal solute transport increases with time on treatment in a proportion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, contributing to ultrafiltration failure. Continuous exposure of the peritoneum to hypertonic glucose solutions results in morphologic damage that may have a causative role in changes in peritoneal function. The purpose of this analysis was to establish whether increased exposure to glucose preceded changes in solute transport in a selected group of long-term PD patients. Peritoneal solute transport, residual renal function, peritonitis rate, and peritoneal exposure to glucose were recorded prospectively in a cohort of 303 patients at a single dialysis center. A subgroup of individuals, treated continuously for 5 yr, were identified and defined retrospectively as having either stable or increasing transport status. Of the 22 patients who were treated continuously for 5 yr, 13 had stable solute transport (solute transport at start, 0.67 [±0.1]; at 5 yr, 0.67 [±0.1]), whereas 9 had a sustained increase (solute transport at start, 0.56 [±0.08]; at 5 yr, 0.77 [±0.09]). Compared with the stable patients, those with increasing transport had earlier loss in residual renal function and were exposed to significantly more hypertonic glucose during the first 2 yr of treatment that preceded the increase in solute transport. This was associated with greater achieved ultrafiltration compensating for the reduced urinary volumes in these patients. Further increases in glucose exposure were observed as solute transport continued to rise. Peritonitis, including severity of infection and causative organism, was similar in both groups. In this selected group of long-term survivors on PD, an increase in solute transport with time was preceded by increased peritoneal exposure to hypertonic glucose. This is supportive evidence that hypertonic glucose may play a causative role in alterations in peritoneal membrane function.
38
Baldock, JA, and JM Oades. "Effect of electrolyte concentration on glucose decomposition in soil." Soil Research 27, no. 2 (1989): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890433.
Анотація:
The influence of the electrolyte concentration of the soil solution on the ability of the soil biomass to decompose glucose was assessed by determining the residual glucose content of soil samples in a laboratory incubation experiment. For three amounts of glucose addition (0, 3.5 and 70 mg glucose g-1 soil), the electrolyte concentration of the soil solution was varied between that of deionized water and a 0.10 M CaCl2 solution. A significant decrease in the rate of glucose decomposition was only noted once the concentration of Ca2+ in the soil solution reached 0.10 M; however, after 125 h incubation, the extent Of glucose decomposition was not significantly influenced by changes in Ca2+ concentration. Therefore, increases in the electrolyte concentration of soils amended with gypsum or agricultural lime are not likely to inhibit the activity of the microbial biomass and its ability to decompose organic residues.
39
Tormo, Maria-Angeles, Trinidad Leon-Quinto, Catherine Saulnier, Danielle Bailbe, Patricia Serradas, and Bernard Portha. "Insulin Secretion and Glucose Tolerance after Islet Transplantation in Rats with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Induced by Neonatal Streptozotocin." Cell Transplantation 6, no. 1 (January 1997): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979700600106.
Анотація:
The present study was designed to identify in a model of noninsulin-dependent diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin (n0-STZ), the long-term consequences of an islet graft upon 1) glucose handling of the recipient and, 2) glucose response of the residual β cells in the recipient pancreas. We have examined, 4 and 8 wk after islet implantation under the kidney capsule of syngeneic diabetic n0-STZ rats, their tolerance to glucose administered in vivo, together with their insulin release in response to glucose in vivo (oral glucose tolerance test) as well as in vitro (perfused pancreas). The results in the islet-grafted n0-STZ rats, were compared to those obtained in nongrafted nondiabetic rats and nongrafted n0-STZ rats. Our study shows that transplanting a limited number (900) of adult islets under the kidney capsule reverses to normal, many parameters of the noninsulin-dependent diabetic state in the n0-STZ rat model: these include body weight, basal plasma glucose in both the nonfasted and postabsorptive states, and basal plasma insulin in the postabsorptive state. Furthermore, tolerance to oral glucose administration was greatly improved in the transplanted rats and it was correlated with restoration of a manifest glucose-induced insulin secretion in vivo as evaluated (ΔI) during an oral glucose tolerance test. Our data clearly show that the insulin response to glucose from the endogenous pancreas of n0-STZ diabetic rat was not really improved by long-term (8 wk) basal normoglycemia. More precisely, we were able to detect a slight but significant improvement of the early phase of insulin release in vitro in response to glucose; however, the overall insulin response remained 15 times lower than the normal one with no reapparance of the late phase of insulin release. After cessation of glucose stimulation in vivo, off-response of insulin, which is also a landmark of the impaired insulin release by the β cells of n0-STZ rats, was still detectable in the perfused pancreas of the transplanted n0-STZ rats. Finally, because the reactivity to glucose of the endogenous residual β cells was not regained, the insulin released in vivo during the oral glucose test in the graft-bearing n0-STZ rats can be attributed mainly to functioning of the grafted islets population. Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.
40
Finegood, Diane T., Gordon C. Weir, and Susan Bonner-Weir. "Prior streptozotocin treatment does not inhibit pancreas regeneration after 90% pancreatectomy in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 276, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): E822—E827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.5.e822.
Анотація:
The effects of residual β-cell mass and glycemia on regeneration of endocrine pancreas after 90% pancreatectomy were investigated. Streptozotocin or buffer alone was injected into 4-wk-old male Lewis rats ( day 0). On day 7, varying numbers of syngeneic islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule to achieve varying degrees of glucose normalization. On day 14, a 90% pancreatectomy or sham pancreatectomy was performed. On day 19, rats were killed and the pancreas was fixed for quantitative morphometric determination of β-cell mass. Focal areas of regenerating pancreas were observed in all animals that underwent partial pancreatectomy. The percentage of remnant pancreas classified as foci was unaffected by streptozotocin treatment or by plasma glucose. Moderate to severe hyperglycemia did not promote regeneration of the pancreatic β-cell mass; rather the total endocrine cell mass was inversely related to the plasma glucose level ( r = −0.5, P < 0.01). These data suggest that the precursor population for both endocrine and exocrine tissue is not susceptible to damage by streptozotocin and that local effects of residual β-cell mass are not important to regeneration after a 90% pancreatectomy.
41
Fedosenko, A. А., Yu V. Scrypynets, I. I. Leonenko, A. V. Yegorova, S. N. Kashutskуy, and V. P. Antonovich. "Determination of the glucose residues on pharmaceutical equipment surfaces by both methods: polarimetry and HPLC." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 5 (September 4, 2018): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.5.15.05.
Анотація:
Cleaning of equipment in the production of medicines is an important requirement of good manufacturing practice (GMP). As a rule, the same process equipment is used for the production of a number of different drugs that may result in cross-contamination. In order to prevent the contamination there is need in efficient cleaning of equipment used with the validation methods for each part of equipment. There is need as well to prove and establish acceptable residual limits of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) on the surface of the equipment after purification (purity acceptance criteria) based on the therapeutic dose of API, toxicity, volume of series, the surface area of the used equipment.
The aim of this work is the development of the simple and selective polarimetry and HPLC methods for determining residual amounts of glucose in washings from surfaces of pharmaceutical equipment after production of the drug. The object of the research is glucose, which is a part of the drug Regidron, powder for oral solution of 18.9 g per sachet. The swab Alpha® Sampling Swab TX715; membrane filters 0.20 µm; Minisart RC 15 «Sartorius» (Germany) were used. The polarimetric and HPLC methods for determination of glucose residues in washings from surfaces of pharmaceutical equipment after production the Regidron were developed.
The recovery rates of glucose from swabs and pharmaceutical equipment surfaces are more than 90%. The proposed simple and rapid methods are characterized by satisfactory metrological characteristics and can be recommended to determine the residues of glucose in controlling the quality of cleaning pharmaceutical equipment.
42
Sclafani, A., S. Zukerman, and K. Ackroff. "Corrigendum to: Residual glucose taste in T1R3 knockout but not TRPM5 knockout mice." Physiology & Behavior 228 (January 2021): 113121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113121.
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Pannekeet, Marja M. Ho-Dac, Bektaş Atasever, Dirk G. Struijk, and Raymond T. Krediet. "Analysis of Ultrafiltration Failure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients by Means of Standard Peritoneal Permeability Analysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 17, no. 2 (March 1997): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089701700208.
Анотація:
Background Ultrafiltration failure (UFF) is a complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment that occurs especially in long-term patients. Etiological factors include a large effective peritoneal surface area [measured as high mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) of creatinine], a high effective lymphatic absorption rate (ELAR), a large residual volume, or combinations. Objective The prevalence and etiology of UFF were studied and the contribution of transcellular water transport (TCWT) was analyzed. A new definition of UFF and guidelines for the analysis of its etiology were derived from the results. Setting Peritoneal dialysis unit in the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam. Design Cross-sectional study of standard peritoneal permeability analyses (4-hr dwells, dextran 70 as volume marker) with 1.36% glucose in 68 PD patients. Patients with negative net UF (change in intraperitoneal volume, dlPV < 0 mL) were analyzed further using 3.86% glucose, whenever possible. Results Among 68 patients (duration of PD 0.3 -178 months), 39 had negative net UF with 1.36% glucose. These patients had greater MTAC creatinine and glucose absorption, and higher ELAR (p < 10–4) than the patients with positive UF. dIPV and transcapillary UF rate (TCUFR) were lower (p < 10–5). Twenty of these patients could be studied using 3.86% glucose. dlPV was greater than 400 mL/4 hr in this test in 12 patients, implying that no clinically important UFF was present. Ultrafiltration failure (dIPV < 400 mL) was found in 8 patients, giving a prevalence of 23%. This last group had been treated with PD for a longer period (p = 0.03), had higher ELAR (p = 0.07), but lower residual volume (p = 0.03), and lower TCUFR (p = 0.01). Ultrafiltration failure was associated with a high MTAC creatinine in 3 patients, a high ELAR in 4 patients, and a combination of factors in one. As an additional possible cause, TCWT was studied, using the sodium gradient in the first hour of the dwell, corrected for diffus ion (dNA). Five patients had dNA > 5 mmol/L, indicating normal TCWT. The 3 patients with dNA < 5 mmol/L tended to be treated longer (p = 0.19) and had lower TCUFR (p = 0.04). A smaller difference was found between dlPV 3.86% and 1.36% (p = 0.04) compared to the dNA > 5 mmol/L group, but no differences were present for MTAC creatinine, ELAR, residual volume, or glucose absorption. Conclusions ln addition to known factors, impairment of TCWT can be a cause of UFF. A standardized dwell with 1.36% glucose overestimates UFF. Therefore, 3.86% glucose should be used for identification of patients with UFF, especially because it provides additional information on TCWT. Ultrafiltration failure can be defined as net UF < 400 mL/4 hr with 3.86% glucose during a 4-hour exchange.
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Ma, H., L. M. Bloom, C. T. Walsh, and D. Botstein. "The residual enzymatic phosphorylation activity of hexokinase II mutants is correlated with glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 12 (December 1989): 5643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.12.5643-5649.1989.
Анотація:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants containing different point mutations in the HXK2 gene were used to study the relationship between phosphorylation by hexokinase II and glucose repression in yeast cells. Mutants showing different levels of hexokinase activity were examined for the degree of glucose repression as indicated by the levels of invertase activity. The levels of hexokinase activity and invertase activity showed a strong inverse correlation, with a few exceptions attributable to very unstable hexokinase II proteins. The in vivo hexokinase II activity was determined by measuring growth rates, using fructose as a carbon source. This in vivo hexokinase II activity was similarly inversely correlated with invertase activity. Several hxk2 alleles were transferred to multicopy plasmids to study the effects of increasing the amounts of mutant proteins. The cells that contained the multicopy plasmids exhibited less invertase and more hexokinase activity, further strengthening the correlation. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the phosphorylation activity of hexokinase II is correlated with glucose repression.
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Ma, H., L. M. Bloom, C. T. Walsh, and D. Botstein. "The residual enzymatic phosphorylation activity of hexokinase II mutants is correlated with glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 12 (December 1989): 5643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.12.5643.
Анотація:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants containing different point mutations in the HXK2 gene were used to study the relationship between phosphorylation by hexokinase II and glucose repression in yeast cells. Mutants showing different levels of hexokinase activity were examined for the degree of glucose repression as indicated by the levels of invertase activity. The levels of hexokinase activity and invertase activity showed a strong inverse correlation, with a few exceptions attributable to very unstable hexokinase II proteins. The in vivo hexokinase II activity was determined by measuring growth rates, using fructose as a carbon source. This in vivo hexokinase II activity was similarly inversely correlated with invertase activity. Several hxk2 alleles were transferred to multicopy plasmids to study the effects of increasing the amounts of mutant proteins. The cells that contained the multicopy plasmids exhibited less invertase and more hexokinase activity, further strengthening the correlation. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the phosphorylation activity of hexokinase II is correlated with glucose repression.
46
Obady, Yaser H. A., F. A. A. Alabssi, Ola A. A. Alareeqi, A. AM I. Al-Turki, B. M. Hamid, and S. M. Al-Faqih. "THE EFFECT OF RAMADAN FASTING AND LIFESTYLE ON DIABETIC PATIENTS IN YEMEN ENVIRONMENT." Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/ejua-ba.2022.1.141.
Анотація:
During Ramadan, Muslims who are ill or have health conditions that may deteriorate upon fasting, including patients with diabetes, are exempt. During the Ramadan fast, it is essentially a radical change in lifestyle for the period of 1 lunar month that may affect diabetic and cardiac patients. So, this study, was carried out during the period of April 2021 to May 2021(Ramadan month) in Taiz city on 64 already diagnosed diabetic patients. During fasting (stage 1), at fasting breaking (stage 2), and after 2 hours (stage 3), blood glucose level was measured by an automated analyzer. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as BMI: weight (Kg) / height (m)2= (w/h2).Results showed statistical significant effects of test times on blood glucose level. No statistically significant effect of sex on blood glucose level with test time was recorded. The effects of age and treatment type on blood glucose level in Ramadan were observed (P=0.003, 0.042 respectively). Blood glucose levels of individuals with diabetes duration larger than 15 years have higher blood glucose levels at stages 1 and 2 (Odds ratio= 2 and 1.4 respectively). The major of the participants were healthy weight and overweight (37.5 % and 31.3 % respectively). A higher proportion of male participants was overweight (37.5%) with BMI-mean 28.08 Kg/m2 and healthy weight (35%) with BMI-mean 23.23 Kg/m2. The correlation between BMI and residual blood glucose level was statistically significant (p<0.001) in stages 1, 2, and 3. There were no statistically significant relationships between BMI and blood glucose level, these findings agree with other authors. On the other hand, RMA-regression analysis and Pearson correlation emphasized the correlation between BMI and residual blood glucose level in stages 1, 2, and 3. From current study, perhaps concludes that the variations in blood glucose levels may be mainly due to lifestyle modification (diet, physical activity, and sleeping hours) during Ramadan month. So, the results of our study and the other kinds of literature indicate that fasting in Ramadan is safe for the majority of patients with diabetes management.
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Yuniar Istiqomah, Erfiani Erfiani, and Utami Dyah Syafitri. "Klasifikasi Kadar Glukosa Darah Keluaran Alat Non-invasif Menggunakan Regresi Logistik Ordinal dengan Peringkasan Luas." Xplore: Journal of Statistics 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/xplore.v12i1.1078.
Анотація:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the silent killer because its symptoms tend to go unnoticed. Blood glucose level checks must be performed periodically to control blood glucose levels for DM and non-sufferers. The IPB Non-Invasive Biomarking Team developed a non-invasive monitoring device to check blood. The tool uses the spectroscopy principle and produces an output in the form of a residual value of light intensity. A method is needed to predict the category of blood glucose levels based on the measurement results of non-invasive tools. Classification modeling is one of the methods that can be used to analyze the relationship between the blood glucose level class of invasive measurement results and the residual value of the intensity of non-invasive measurement results. One of the commonly used classification methods is ordinal logistic regression. This method generates the final model of a cumulative opportunity logit function with an opportunity value for each class as a differentiator between classes. Light spectrum-based data used as predictor X changes often provide changes that correlate with each other. The principal component analysis reduces its dimensions to become a new set of changes that do not correlate. A good data summarization approach at the preprocessing stage is also necessary to provide good modeling. Several summarization methods have been carried out in previous studies. Graph area summation in the period is the best summarization method because it can take advantage of the general data information. This study uses the ordinal logistic regression method as a modeling method by applying principal component analysis and graph area summation applied to 2017 data and 2019 data. Classification modeling in the 2017 data had a balanced accuracy value of 64,64%. Classification modeling in the 2019 data produced a balanced accuracy value of 57,57%. The design used in the 2017 tool and the 2019 tool is different, causing the residual intensity graph of the non-invasive measurement results to be read differently. The 2017 data model is better applied to homogeneous data and the 2019 data model is better applied to heterogeneous data.
Keywords: blood glucose levels, non-invasive tool, graph area summation, ordinal logistic regression, principal component
analysis.
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Tillquist, Nicole M., Mia Y. Kawaida, Amanda S. Reiter, Sarah A. Reed, Steven A. Zinn, and Kristen E. Govoni. "PSVIII-25 Investigating the Effects of Poor Maternal Nutrition on F2 Offspring Growth, Residual Feed Intake, and Glucose Tolerance." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (November 6, 2023): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.580.
Анотація:
Abstract Poor maternal nutrition impairs F1 offspring growth independent of changes in feed efficiency and glucose tolerance. To determine if poor maternal nutrition in F0 ewes contributes to F2 offspring growth, feed efficiency, and glucose tolerance, multiparous Dorset ewes (F0; n = 46) pregnant with twins were fed 100% (control), 60% (restricted) or 140% (over) of NRC requirements from d 30 of gestation until parturition. At 16 to 19 mo of age, female F1 (n = 37) offspring were bred to one of two related Dorset rams to generate F2 offspring, identified as CON-F2 (n = 12 ewes; 6 rams), RES-F2 (n = 7 ewes; 13 rams), or OVER-F2 (n = 13 ewes; 9 rams), corresponding to diets of the granddam. F2 offspring body weight (BW) was measured weekly from birth (d 0) to d 28 and every 14 d until d 252. From d 0 to 70, granddam diet did not influence F2 BW (P ≥ 0.18). However, from d 84 to d 154, RES-F2 tended to be 9.42% lighter than CON-F2 with OVER-F2 intermediate (P ≤ 0.08), and from d 224 to d 252 RES-F2 tended to be 6.47% and 6.29% lighter than CON-F2 and OVER-F2, respectively (P ≤ 0.07). Overall, F2 rams were 8.36 kg heavier than F2 ewes (P < 0.0001). At d 133 ± 0.28 an intravenous glucose tolerance test (0.25 g/kg BW of a 50% dextrose solution) was performed. Glucose and insulin concentrations were determined using commercial kits. Granddam diet did not influence glucose or insulin average or baseline concentrations, area under the curve, first-phase response, or ratio (P ≥ 0.52). However, granddam diet influenced glucose peak response in rams, where CON-F2 rams (297 ± 16.5 mg/dL) had greater glucose peak compared with RES-F2 rams (239 ± 11.2 mg/dL; P = 0.05). At d 167 ± 0.33, daily intake of a complete pelleted feed was recorded using Super SmartFeeders over a 77-day feeding period. A treatment by sex interaction was detected for F2 offspring residual feed intake (RFI; P = 0.08) where CON-F2 ewes (0.31 ± 0.12 kg/d) tended to be less feed efficient than CON-F2 rams (-0.45 ± 0.20 kg/d) and RES-F2 rams (-0.20 ± 0.13 kg/d). Alternately, OVER-F2 ewes (0.16 ± 0.13 kg/d), OVER-F2 rams (0.02 ± 0.15 kg/d), RES-F2 ewes (-0.06 ± 0.18 kg/d), and RES-F2 rams were all of similar (P ≥ 0.34) feed efficiency. Rams were euthanized at d 285 ± 0.93 and body morphometrics, and organ weights were collected. No effect of granddam diet (P ≥ 0.25) on F2 ram morphometric measurements, organ weights, or muscle weights (P ≥ 0.15) were detected at time of necropsy. These data indicate that nutrient restriction during gestation decreases F2 offspring BW independent of RFI and glucose tolerance.
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Zhang, Ning, Terry Walker, Bryan Jenkins, Stanley Anderson, and Yi Zheng. "Bioleaching of Sorghum Straw in Bioreactors for Biomass Cleaning." Fermentation 7, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7040270.
Анотація:
Pretreatments are often needed for lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks before either thermochemical or biochemical conversion processes. Our previous research has demonstrated the potential of bioleaching, with its superior capability of removing certain inorganic compounds compared to water leaching, to improve biomass quality for thermochemical conversion in biofuel production. In this study, the bioleaching process was scaled up from 250 mL beakers to be carried out in custom-designed 2.5 L bioreactors. The fungus Aspergillus niger was used in the bioreactors for leaching sorghum straw biomass with an initial ash content of 6.0%. The effects of three operating parameters on leaching efficiency (i.e., residual ash content) were extensively studied, including the fungal mass added to each reactor, leaching time, and glucose concentration in the starting liquid phase. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the experiment design. The results showed that the average residual ash content of the sorghum feedstock after bioleaching was significantly lower (3.63 ± 0.19%) than that of the ash content (4.72 ± 0.13%) after water leaching (p < 0.00001). Among the three parameters, glucose concentration in the starting liquid phase had the most significant effect on leaching effectiveness (p = 0.0079). Based on this outcome, subsequent bioleaching experiments yielded reductions in residual ash content to as low as 2.73%.
50
Grahovac, Jovana, Bojana Bajic, Jelena Dodic, Zorana Roncevic, and Aleksandar Jokic. "Optimization of cultivation medium for the production of antibacterial agents." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 44 (2013): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1344217g.
Анотація:
Optimization of the cultivation medium for production of antibiotic effective against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus using strain of Streptomyces spp. isolated from the environment represents the aim of this study. After the biosynthesis, the medium was analyzed by determining residual sugar and nitrogen, and the antibiotic activity was determined using diffusion-disc method. Experiments were carried out in accordance with the Box-Behnken design, with three factors varied on three levels (glucose: 10.0, 30.0 and 50.0 g/L; soybean meal: 5.0, 15.0 and 25.0 g/L; phosphates: 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/L) and for the optimization of selected parameters Response Surface Methodology was used. The obtained model with the desirability function of 0.985 estimates that the lowest amounts of residual sugar (0.89 g/L) and nitrogen (0.24 g/L) and the largest possible inhibition zone diameter (21.88 mm) that with its antibiotic activity against S. aureus creates the medium containing 10.0 g/L glucose, 5.0 g/L soybean meal and 1.04 g/L phosphates.