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Статті в журналах з теми "Residual glucose":
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Vildmyren, Iselin, Alfred Halstensen, Adrian McCann, Øivind Midttun, Per Magne Ueland, Åge Oterhals, and Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen. "Effect of Cod Residual Protein Supplementation on Markers of Glucose Regulation in Lean Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Study." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051445.
Анотація:
Large quantities of protein-rich cod residuals, which are currently discarded, could be utilized for human consumption. Although fish fillet intake is related to beneficial health effects, little is known about the potential health effects of consuming cod residual protein powder. Fifty lean adults were randomized to consume capsules with 8.1 g/day of cod residual protein (Cod-RP) or placebo capsules (Control group) for eight weeks, in this randomized, double-blind study. The intervention was completed by 40 participants. Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were unaffected by Cod-RP supplementation, whereas plasma concentrations of α-hydroxybutyrate, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate all were decreased compared with the Control group. Trimethylamine N-oxide concentration in plasma and urine were increased in the Cod-RP group compared with the Control group. To conclude, the reduction in these potential early markers of impaired glucose metabolism following Cod-RP supplementation may indicate beneficial glucoregulatory effects of cod residual proteins. Trimethylamine N-oxide appears to be an appropriate biomarker of cod residual protein intake in lean adults.
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Montville, Thomas J., and Amy Han-Ming Hsu. "Modified glucose-oxidase/peroxidase residual glucose assay for use with anaerobic bacteria." Journal of Microbiological Methods 6, no. 2 (January 1987): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(87)90057-1.
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De Santis, Maria, Alexander Becherer, Carsten Bokemeyer, Franz Stoiber, Karin Oechsle, Franz Sellner, Alois Lang, et al. "2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography Is a Reliable Predictor for Viable Tumor in Postchemotherapy Seminoma: An Update of the Prospective Multicentric SEMPET Trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 6 (March 15, 2004): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.07.188.
Анотація:
Purpose To define the clinical value of 2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) as a predictor for viable residual tumor in postchemotherapy seminoma residuals in a prospective multicentric trial. Patients and Methods FDG PET studies in patients with metastatic pure seminoma who had radiographically defined postchemotherapy residual masses were correlated with either the histology of the resected lesion or the clinical outcome documented by computer tomography (CT), tumor markers, and/or physical examination during follow-up. The size of the residual lesions on CT, either > 3 cm or ≤ 3 cm, was correlated with the presence or absence of viable residual tumor. Results Fifty-six FDG PET scans of 51 patients were assessable. All 19 cases with residual lesions > 3 cm and 35 (95%) of 37 with residual lesions ≤ 3 cm were correctly predicted by FDG PET. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FDG PET were 100% (95% CI, 92% to 100%), 80% (95% CI, 44% to 95%), 100%, and 96%, respectively, versus 74% (95% CI, 58% to 85%), 70% (95% CI, 34% to 90%), 37%, and 92%, respectively, for CT discrimination of the residual tumor by size (> 3 cm/≤ 3 cm). Conclusion This investigation confirms that FDG PET is the best predictor of viable residual tumor in postchemotherapy seminoma residuals and should be used as a standard tool for clinical decision making in this patient group.
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Cook, Robert M., Bruce R. Devlin, Susan E. Ebeler, and Christian E. Butzke. "Evaluation of a Digital Blood Glucose Monitor for Measuring Residual Glucose in Wines." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 49, no. 2 (1998): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1998.49.2.225.
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Akonur, Alp, Clifford J. Holmes, and John K. Leypoldt. "Peritoneal Residual Volume Induces Variability of Ultrafiltration with Icodextrin." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 34, no. 1 (January 2014): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2012.00175.
Анотація:
BackgroundIcodextrin induces ultrafiltration (UF) during long-dwell exchanges by creating a difference in oncotic pressure between the peritoneal cavity and plasma; however, the mechanisms governing intra-patient and inter-patient variability in UF when icodextrin is used remain largely unexplained. In the present study, we show theoretically that differences in peritoneal residual volume ( VR) have a more profound effect on UF with icodextrin use than with glucose use. This phenomenon is attributed to a differential effect of VRon oncotic, rather than osmotic, pressure between the peritoneal cavity and plasma.MethodsThe three-pore model was used to calculate the effect on UF of VRbetween 150 mL and 1200 mL when 7.5% icodextrin (ICO) or 3.86% glucose solution is used at the end of a 12-hour dwell in the four patient transport groups (that is, fast to slow). Oncotic (with ICO) and osmotic (with glucose) pressure differences averaged over the entire dwell were also calculated.ResultsAs expected, at a nominal VRof 300 mL, UF with glucose differed substantially between the four patient transport groups (2 – 804 mL), whereas UF with ICO did not (556 – 573 mL). When VRwas increased to 1200 mL from 150 mL, the concentrations of the oncotic and osmotic agents at the start of the dwell with an infusion volume of 2 L decreased to 4.9% from 7.0% with ICO and to 2.5% from 3.6% with glucose. The decrease in UF on average was greater with ICO [to 252 mL from 624 mL: that is, a reduction of 372 mL (60%)] than with glucose [to 292 mL from 398 mL: that is, a reduction of 106 mL (27%)]. Those trends agreed with the calculated reductions in the oncotic pressure difference with ICO [reduction of 12 mmHg (49%)] and the osmotic pressure difference with glucose [reduction of 19 mmHg (33%)].ConclusionsWhen ICO is used, VRmodifies the oncotic pressure difference between the peritoneal cavity and plasma to substantially alter UF. This modification suggests that potential causes of increased VRshould be considered when UF with ICO is considerably less than expected. Prospective clinical studies evaluating the relationship between VRand UF with ICO are warranted to validate the theoretical predictions in this report.
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Awg-Adeni, D. S., K. B. Bujang, M. A. Hassan, and S. Abd-Aziz. "Recovery of Glucose from Residual Starch of Sago Hampas for Bioethanol Production." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/935852.
Анотація:
Lower concentration of glucose was often obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis process of agricultural residue due to complexity of the biomass structure and properties. High substrate load feed into the hydrolysis system might solve this problem but has several other drawbacks such as low rate of reaction. In the present study, we have attempted to enhance glucose recovery from agricultural waste, namely, “sago hampas,” through three cycles of enzymatic hydrolysis process. The substrate load at 7% (w/v) was seen to be suitable for the hydrolysis process with respect to the gelatinization reaction as well as sufficient mixture of the suspension for saccharification process. However, this study was focused on hydrolyzing starch of sago hampas, and thus to enhance concentration of glucose from 7% substrate load would be impossible. Thus, an alternative method termed as cycles I, II, and III which involved reusing the hydrolysate for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis process was introduced. Greater improvement of glucose concentration (138.45 g/L) and better conversion yield (52.72%) were achieved with the completion of three cycles of hydrolysis. In comparison, cycle I and cycle II had glucose concentration of 27.79 g/L and 73.00 g/L, respectively. The glucose obtained was subsequently tested as substrate for bioethanol production using commercial baker’s yeast. The fermentation process produced 40.30 g/L of ethanol after 16 h, which was equivalent to 93.29% of theoretical yield based on total glucose existing in fermentation media.
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Uiterwijk, Herma, Casper F. M. Franssen, Johanna Kuipers, Ralf Westerhuis, and Ferdau L. Nauta. "Glucose Exposure in Peritoneal Dialysis Is a Significant Factor Predicting Peritonitis." American Journal of Nephrology 51, no. 3 (2020): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506324.
Анотація:
Introduction: Loss of residual renal function (RRF) as well as high peritoneal glucose exposure are associated with increased peritonitis frequency in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Our objective was to investigate the contribution of RRF and peritoneal glucose exposure to peritonitis in PD patients. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, 105 incident end-stage renal disease patients that started PD between January 2006 and 2015 were studied. Follow-up was 5 years with censoring at death or switch to another treatment modality. Cox regression models were used to calculate the association between glucose exposure, RRF, and peritonitis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to examine the difference in occurrence of peritonitis between patients with high and low glucose exposure and between those with and without residual diuresis. Results: One hundred and five patients were followed for a mean of 23 months. Fifty-one patients developed a peritonitis. Cox regression models at 6 months showed that glucose exposure and not residual diuresis significantly predicted PD peritonitis. Kaplan-Meier analysis after 6 months of follow-up showed that time to first PD peritonitis was significantly longer in the low glucose exposure group. Similarly, patients with RRF had a significantly longer interval to first peritonitis compared to patients without RRF. Conclusion: A higher exposure to glucose rather than loss of RRF is associated with an increased risk of peritonitis. This confirms the detrimental effects of glycemic harm to the peritoneal host defense on invading microorganisms and argues for the use of the lowest PD glucose concentrations possible.
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Szeto, Cheuk-Chun, Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan, Kai-Ming Chow, Sebastian Chung, Vincent Yu, Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng, Chi-Bon Leung, Man-Ching Law, and Philip Kam-Tao Li. "Predictors of Residual Renal Function Decline in Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 35, no. 2 (March 2015): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2013.00075.
Анотація:
BackgroundResidual renal function (RRF) is an important prognostic indicator in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. We determined the predictors of RRF loss in a cohort of incident CAPD patients.MethodsWe reviewed the record of 645 incident CAPD patients. RRF loss is represented by the slope of decline of residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as well as the time to anuria.ResultsThe average rate of residual GFR decline was -0.083 ± 0.094 mL/min/month. The rate of residual GFR decline was faster with a higher proteinuria (r = -0.506, p < 0.0001) and baseline residual GFR (r = -0.560, p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that proteinuria, baseline residual GFR, and the use of diuretics were independent predictors of residual GFR decline. Cox proportional hazard model showed that proteinuria, glucose exposure, and the number of peritonitis episodes were independent predictors of progression to anuria, while a higher baseline GFR was protective. Each 1 g/day of proteinuria is associated with a 13.2% increase in the risk of progressing to anuria, each 10 g/day higher glucose exposure is associated with a 2.5% increase in risk, while each peritonitis episode confers a 3.8% increase in risk.ConclusionsOur study shows that factors predicting the loss of residual solute clearance and urine output are different. Proteinuria, baseline residual GFR, and the use of diuretics are independently related to the rate of RRF decline in CAPD patients, while proteinuria, glucose exposure, and the number of peritonitis episodes are independent predictors for the development of anuria. The role of anti-proteinuric therapy and measures to prevent peritonitis episodes in the preservation of RRF should be tested in future studies.
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Yáñez, R., J. L. Alonso, and J. C. Parajó. "Production of hemicellulosic sugars and glucose from residual corrugated cardboard." Process Biochemistry 39, no. 11 (July 2004): 1543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00283-8.
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Motton, Stéphanie, Thomas De Lapparent, Isabelle Brenot-Rossi, Max Buttarelli, Maryam Al Nakib, Jocelyne Jacquemier, Agnès Tallet, and Gilles Houvenaeghel. "18 Fluoro-2deoxy-d-Glucose-Positron Emission Tomography and Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 19, no. 1 (2009): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/igj.0b013e318197f276.
Анотація:
Introduction:The aim of this study was to compare 18 fluoro-2deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) after chemoradiation to histological findings after lymphadenectomy and radical hysterectomy and thus evaluate if FDG-PET could avoid surgery when negative.Methods:Twenty-one patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated by chemoradiation, brachytherapy, and adjuvant surgery were prospectively enrolled. 18 Fluoro-2deoxy-d-glucose-PET was realized 5 weeks after concomitant chemoradiation and compared with histology.Results:18 Fluoro-2deoxy-d-glucose-PET assessed residual cervical involvement after chemoradiation with a sensitivity of 27.3%, specificity of 90%, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 75%. The negative predictive value (NPV) and the false-negative rate (FN) were 50%. Among patients with no evidence of disease on FDG-PET but with residual involvement on histology, 75% had residual involvement size under10 mm.For residual pelvic lymph node involvement, the specificity was 100%, NPV was 83.3%, and FN rate was 16.7%.For residual paraaortic lymph node involvement, specificity and sensitivity were 100%, but only 1 patient was concerned. Considering all the lymph node locations, sensitivity was 20%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, and NPV 90%.Considering all localizations for each patient, control FDG-PET had a 30% sensitivity, 87% specificity, 80% PPV, and 43% NPV. False-negative rate was 43%.Conclusion:The aim of this study was to evaluate if control FDG-PET might avoid surgery for patients with a negative screening. Although FDG-PET is an interesting diagnostic test for residual lymph node involvement evaluation, it seems not accurate enough to be the only element of the surgery's indication. However, our sample size was too small to definitely conclude.
Дисертації з теми "Residual glucose":
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Briki, Amani. "Production de succinate par Corynebacterium glutamicum en microaérobiose : approches expérimentales et numériques, de l’échelle métabolique au bioréacteur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0082.
Анотація:
Le succinate est classé parmi les 12 principaux précurseurs chimiques à fort potentiel industriel. Cet acide, classiquement produit par l’intermédiaire de procédés chimiques, peut être aussi obtenu par voie microbiologique. Corynebacterium glutamicum, utilisée pour la production industrielle d’acides aminés, est ainsi capable de produire des acides organiques, dont le succinate, en microaérobiose ou en anaérobiose. L’objectif de cette thèse a donc été la compréhension de la réponse physiologique de C. glutamicum vis-à-vis du changement des conditions d’oxygénation. Des outils expérimentaux et numériques ont été mis en œuvre. Une étude expérimentale a pu montrer que l’oxygénation et la disponibilité en glucose sont des paramètres clés pour la production de succinate. Le ratio OUR/GUR, représentatif de ces deux paramètres, a été choisi comme indicateur de l’état physiologique de cette bactérie en microaérobiose. Pour un OUR/GUR inférieur à 1, la production d’acides organiques est effective alors que pour une valeur supérieure, seule la croissance est observée. La production maximale de succinate a été mesurée dans les conditions d’oxygénation les plus faibles, correspondant au ratio le plus faible (0,17). De plus, une reconsommation du succinate produit a pu être mise en évidence lorsqu’une concentration résiduelle seuil en glucose était atteinte. En s’appuyant sur ces observations, un procédé semi-continu performant de production de succinate avec une souche non modifiée génétiquement de C. glutamicum a pu être mis en œuvre. Un modèle cinétique capable de prédire les cinétiques de croissance, de consommation du substrat et de production des acides organiques, dans différentes conditions d’oxygénation, a ensuite été établi. Ce modèle initial a pu être généralisé tout en conservant une très bonne concordance entre les résultats de simulation et les données expérimentales. Le modèle a également pu être transposé, avec succès, à une souche mutante de C. glutamicum 2262. Enfin, un modèle métabolique simplifié a été construit pour C. glutamicum 2262 afin de prédire les flux intracellulaires permettant de comprendre son adaptation métabolique dans des environnements déficients en oxygène et/ou en source de carbone. Ce modèle a permis de prédire, en conditions stationnaires, les flux de production de lactate dans des niveaux d’oxygénation faibles ainsi que la production de biomasse dans certaines conditions d’aérobiose. Il a également été capable de simuler, en conditions dynamiques, des concentrations en succinate dans des conditions d’oxygénation faibles et ce, chez les deux souches étudiéesSuccinate is a diacid used nowadays as a building block in the synthesis of various molecules of interest. It is mostly produced by chemical synthesis. A part of succinate is industrially produced using a microbiological process. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a well-known industrial producer of amino acids, is able to produce organic acids, in particular succinate, under micro-aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The aim of this work was thus to understand the physiological response of C. glutamicum 2262 to change in oxygen supply conditions. Both experimental and numerical tools have been implemented. The first step was to identify, experimentally, the parameters influencing the physiological response of C. glutamicum 2262 during batch and continuous cultures. This approach allowed to identify oxygenation level and residual glucose concentration as key parameters for organic acids production. The ratio OUR/GUR was also defined as a relevant indicator of the physiological state of C. glutamicum 2262. It was observed that organic acids were simultaneously produced during micro-aerobic phase corresponding to ratio below 1, whereas, above this value, a maximal growth was obtained. The maximal succinate production was obtained at the lower oxygenation level. Moreover, a re-consumption of the produced succinate was also observed when a threshold residual concentration of glucose was reached. Considering the influence of these two key parameters, a highly performant fed-batch process for the succinate production using a wild-type strain of C. glutamicum was defined. Then, a kinetic model was developed. This primary model was then generalized by integrating a correlation between kinetic parameters of model and oxygenation level. The results of both primary and generalized model simulation, showed an excellent agreement with the experimental data. The generalized model was then successfully transposed to a C. glutamicum mutant strain. In addition, a simplified metabolic model for C. glutamicum 2262 was constructed to understand the metabolic response of this bacterium in micro-aerobiosis. Both predicted production fluxes of lactate in microaerobiosis and of biomass synthesis during aerobiosis phase, under stationary conditions, agreed with the experimental data. This metabolic model was also able to predict, under dynamic conditions, the concentration profiles of the succinate during highly limited oxygen supply conditions
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Miqueleto, Ana Paula. "Comportamento de reator anaeróbio operado em batelada seqüencial, contendo biomassa imobilizada e submetido a aumento progressivo da concentração de substrato de fácil degradação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-02072009-085827/.
Анотація:
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o desempenho do reator anaeróbio operado em batelada seqüencial quando submetido ao aumento progressivo da concentração de glicose e estimar os parâmetros cinéticos da degradação da glicose. Inicialmente o reator foi operado com ciclos de 8 horas, tratando glicose nas concentrações, aproximadas, de 500, 1000 e 2000 mg/L. Não foi detectada glicose no efluente nas três condições. O reator operou de maneira estável, tratando aproximadamente 500 mg/L de glicose, com eficiência na remoção da DQO filtrada entre 93% e 97%. Na operação com concentrações de glicose no afluente próximas de 1000 mg/L e 2000 mg/L, observou-se instabilidade operacional, principalmente devido à produção de polímeros extracelulares (EPS) que comprometeram a hidrodinâmica e a transferência de massa no sistema. Os valores médios da concentrações de ácidos voláteis no efluente foram de 159 ± 72 mg/L e 374 ± 92 mg/L, respectivamente. Aos perfis de concentração de glicose foi ajustado modelo de primeira ordem, enquanto que um modelo modificado, contemplando concentração residual de matéria orgânica, foi ajustado aos perfis temporais de DQO. Para verificar a formação do EPS, operou-se o reator com 3 horas de ciclo nas concentrações, aproximadas, de 500 e 1000 mg/L. Esta fase teve como objetivo verificar a hipótese, segundo a qual, a produção de EPS seria resultado da exposição da biomassa a baixas concentrações de matéria orgânica por longo período. Dessa forma, reduzindo o tempo de ciclo, a exposição a baixas concentrações também seria reduzida. No entanto, embora o reator tenha operado com relativa estabilidade, verificou-se formação de grande quantidade de EPS logo na primeira condição operacional, com aproximadamente, 500 mg/L de glicose no afluente, indicando que a hipótese não estava correta.The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor when subjected to a progressive increasing of the influent glucose concentration and estimate the kinetic parameters of glucoses degradation. Initially the reactor was operated with 8-hour cycles, treating glucose at concentrations of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L. Glucose was not detected in the effluent in all these three conditions. The reactor showed operating stability treating glucose concentration of approximately 500mg/L, with efficiencies between 93% to 97% in the filtrated COD removal. In the operation with glucose concentrations of 1000 mg/L and 2000 mg/L, approximately, it could be noticed an operational instability, caused mainly by a production of extracellular polymers (EPS) leading to hydrodynamic and mass transfer problems in the reactor. The mean values of volatile acids concentration in the effluent were about 159 ± 72mg/L and 374 ± 92mg/L, respectively. A first order model was adjusted to glucose concentration profiles, and a modified model, including a residual concentration of substrate, was adjusted to COD temporal profiles. To verify the EPS formation, the reactor was operated with 3-hour cycle in the concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg/L This stage had the objective of verifying if the EPS production would result from the exposure of the biomass to low concentration of substrate for a long period of time. Thus, reducing the time cycle, the exposure to low concentrations would also be reduced. Nevertheless, even with the reactor operating with relative stability, the hypotheses could not be verified due the formation of a large amounts of EPS right in the first operational condition with approximately to 500 mg/L of glucose in the influent, showing that the hypothesis was not right.
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Mata, Ana Cristina Dias da. "The agroindustrial residue valorisation with high pressure CO2 within biorefinery concept." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12165.
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Walia, Maninder Kaur. "GYPSUM AND CARBON AMENDMENT’S INFLUENCE ON SOIL PROPERTIES, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF RYEGRASS (Lolium perenne)." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437140322.
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Sathanantham, Preethi, Shiva K. Devaiah, and Cecelia A. McIntosh. "Structure-Function Analysis of Grapefruit Glucosyltransferase Protein – Identification of Key Amino Acid Residues for its Rigid Substrate Specificity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/352.
Анотація:
Flavonoids are an important class of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants. The majority of naturally occurring flavonoids are found in glucosylated form. Glucosyltransferases are enzymes that enable transfer of glucose from an activated donor (UDP-glucose) to the acceptor flavonoid substrates. A flavonol specific glucosyltransferase cloned from Citrus paradisi (Cp3OGT) has strict substrate and regiospecificity. In this study, amino acid residues that could potentially alter the rigidity observed in this enzyme were mutated to position equivalent residues of a putative anthocyanin specific glucosyltransferase from Clitorea ternatea and a GT from Vitis vinifera that can glucosylate both flavonols and anthocyanidins. Using homology modeling followed by site directed mutagenesis to identify candidate regions, three double mutations were made. To test the basis of substrate specificity, biochemical analysis of the three recombinant mutant proteins was carried out. Recombinant protein with mutation S20G+T21S revealed that the enzyme retained activity similar to the wildtype (Cp3OGT) (WT- Km app-104.8 µM; Vmax = 24.6 pmol/min/µg, Mutant- Km app-136.42 µM; Vmax -25pmol/min/µg) but the mutant was more thermostable compared to the WT. The (S290C+S319A) mutant protein retained 40% activity relative to wildtype and has an optimum pH shifted towards the acidic side (pH 6) (Km app-8.27 µM; Vmax-90.9 pmol/min/µg). Mutation of Glutamine87 and Histine154 (H154Y+Q87I) have rendered this recombinant protein inactive with every class of flavonoid tested. Interestingly, the single point mutations H154Y and Q871I had significant activity, slightly greater than that of wildtype enzyme. The two active recombinant proteins will further be analyzed to determine whether the mutations have altered regiospecificity of the original enzyme. Product identification is being conducted using HPLC.
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Wanderley, Carlos Ronald Pessoa. "Aspergillus niger an 400 como inÃculo de reatores em batelada para remoÃÃo do corante vermelho do congo em meio aquoso sintÃtico." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1213.
Анотація:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoA espÃcie Aspergillus niger AN 400 foi inoculada em reatores em batelada com o objetivo de remover corante vermelho do congo de meio sintÃtico e estudar a eficiÃncia do tratamento na presenÃa e ausÃncia de glicose e o efeito da imobilizaÃÃo da biomassa sobre a otimizaÃÃo do processo. Foram utilizados 84 reatores, confeccionados em vidro e vedados com tampa rosqueÃvel, e com volume Ãtil de 1,5 L, sendo o ar fornecido por mini-compressores de ar. O experimento abrangeu perÃodo de 25 dias e os reatores foram agrupados de acordo com sua respectiva funÃÃo em: 14 reatores de controle sem meio suporte; 14 reatores de controle com meio suporte; 14 reatores com biomassa fÃngica dispersa; 14 reatores com biomassa fÃngica dispersa e adiÃÃo de 1 g/L de glicose; 14 reatores com biomassa imobilizada e 14 reatores com biomassa imobilizada e adiÃÃo de 1 g/L de glicose. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a maior eficiÃncia de remoÃÃo do corante ocorreu nos reatores contendo biomassa imobilizada, com meio com glicose (87%) e meio sem glicose (85%). A glicose, na concentraÃÃo utilizada, nÃo influenciou na eficiÃncia do processo. A remoÃÃo de matÃria orgÃnica, em termos de DQO, nÃo acompanhou a remoÃÃo do corante, o que foi atribuÃdo à provÃvel presenÃa de subprodutos da degradaÃÃo do corante e compostos excretados no meio pelos microrganismos. A imobilizaÃÃo da biomassa nas espumas de poliuretano foi determinante para a eficiÃncia do processo, uma vez que os fungos estavam estabelecidos na forma de biofilme, representando um mecanismo contra o efeito tÃxico do poluente.
The species Aspergillus niger AN 400 has been inoculated in batch in order to remove Congo Red dye from the synthetic environment and study the treatment efficiency in the presence and absence of glucose and the biomass immobilization effect on the process optimization. It has been applied 84 reactors, produced and held in a screw top container of glass, which had a useful capacity of 1,5 L, whilst the air was supplied by small compressors. The experiment lasted a period of 25 days and the reactors without support medium; 14 control reactors with dispersed fungal biomass on which was added glucose (1 g/L); 14 reactors with immobilized fungal biomass and 14 reactors with immobilized fungal biomass on which was added glucose (1 g/L). The results obtained demonstrated that the greatest efficiency in removing the dye occurred in the reactors containing immobilized biomass in a environment with glucose concentration (87%) or not (85%). The glucose considering the utilized concentration has not performed any influence on the process efficiency. The organic matter removal which was assigned to the likely presence of by products originated by the dye and compounds expelled in the environment by microorganisms. The immobilization of the biomass in the polyurethane foams was determinant to the process efficiency as fungus was in a biofilm shape, representing a mechanism against the toxic effect of the pollutant.
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Shafer, Gentrie. "Insulin Sensitivity in Tropically Adapted Cattle With Divergent Residual Feed Intake." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10162.
Анотація:
Residual feed intake (RFI) is one method to identify feed efficient animals; however, this method is costly and time consuming therefore, identifying an indirect measure of RFI is important. Evaluating the glucoregulatory mechanisms in cattle selected for divergent RFI may provide insight into metabolic processes involved in feed efficiency.
This study evaluated the effect of a glucose (GLUC) challenge on efficient (LRFI) and inefficient (HRFI) tropically adapted bulls and heifers. Insulin (INS) secretion was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and GLUC was determined by colorimetry. Insulinogenic index (IIND) was calculated as the ratio of INS to GLUC (I/G).
Bonsmara heifers were evaluated in two experiments. Similar results were observed in both experiments. RFI affected (P < 0.05) INS response; with LRFI heifers having a greater INS response than HRFI heifers. Similarly, RFI affected (P < 0.05) IIND; with LRFI heifers having a greater IIND than HRFI heifers.
In Santa Gertrudis bulls, RFI did not affect (P > 0.05) GLUC conc. or Ins. response; however, numerically HRFI bulls had a greater INS response than LRFI bulls. RFI affected (P < 0.05) IIND; with LRFI bulls having a lower IIND than HRFI bulls.
In Brahman heifers (Exp 1), RFI did not affect (P > 0.05) GLUC concentration or INS. response; however, numerically HRFI heifers had a greater INS response than LRFI heifers. RFI affected (P < 0.05) IIND; with LRFI heifers having a lower IIND than HRFI heifers. In Brahman bulls (Exp 2), RFI affected (P > 0.05) INS response; with HRFI bulls having a greater INS response than LRFI bulls. RFI affected (P < 0.05) IIND; with LRFI bulls having a lower IIND than HRFI bulls.
Bonsmara cattle evaluated for RFI had a response to an influx of exongenous glucose that was opposite to that observed in the Brahman and Santa Gertrudis cattle evaluated for RFI. Insulinogenic index was significantly different between RFI groups in each experiment. The lower amount of INS required for clearance of the GLUC from the circulation of the Brahman and Santa Gertrudis cattle fits with our hypothesis that more efficient cattle would require less INS than the less efficient cattle. Further research and studies need to establish glucoregulatory differences between breeds and sexes of cattle evaluated for RFI.
8
Wu, Biing-Ru, and 吳秉儒. "Characterization of the eight cysteines residues in himan glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71904112653588630240.
Анотація:
碩士中山醫學院
醫學研究所
88
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme in the hexose monophosphate shunt and its major biochemical function is to generate NADPH, an important reducing element to prevent cell from oxidative damages. Molecular biological studies of the G6PD deficiency have revealed that the location of the gene in the long arm region of X chromosome and the cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences from its DNA sequences have revealed that G6PD contains 515 amino acid. However, little is known about the functional roles of those amino acid residues of G6PD protein. Especially those of the unique amino acids, such as cysteine, have never been fully studied. In this study, using site-directed mutagenesis techniques, each of the eight different cysteines in G6PD protein has been successfully mutated to either serine or glycine. Mutants were confirmed by DNA sequencing and mutant proteins were expressed in the G6PD deficient E. coli strain HB351(DE3). The cell lysates were assayed for enzyme activity after a proper induction. Based on the results from this study, we found that the functions of these cysteine residues in human G6PD can be categorized into 5 different groups. The first group includes the cysteine residue at the amino acid position 358, in which cysteine residue might not be important for the protein function. The second group includes the cysteine residues at positions 13, 158, and 385 of G6PD protein. The serine substitutions of these cysteines possibly provide a slight better electrostatics environment for activity than those of glycine substitutions. The third group includes the cysteine 269 in G6PD. The electrophilic feature of the G6PD protein at this position might be important for binding to its cofactor, namely the NADP+. The fourth group includes the cysteines 232 and 446 in G6PD. These cysteine residues might form the inter/intra- molecular disulfide bonds and, therefore, both are important for their structural roles in the G6PD protein. The fifth group includes the cysteines 294 in G6PD, however, its role in G6PD activity still needs to be clarified.
9
Huang, Yao-Ting, and 黃耀霆. "Acid hydrolysis for the conversion of soybean residues to produce glucose and xylose." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24514483117368185008.
Анотація:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程研究所
99
Each year, the world generates 43 million tons of soybean residue and 1.1 million tons of soy sauce residue. At present, most of those residues are sent to landfills or composting facilities. Since those residue contain 50-55% cellulose and 15-20% of fats, it is desired to convert those into useable materials such as cellulose and xylose. This work was to explore the feasibility of applying acid hydrolysis to convert those residues into cellulose and xylose. Experimental design method was used to determine the experimental conditions such as reaction temperature and acid concentration. Multivariate regression and response surface methods were applied to analyze the data. Experimental results showed that each gram of soybean residue could produce the maximum amount (418.6 mg) of reducing sugars, which includes 45.79 mg of glucose and 190.86 mg of xylose, when the acid concentration and temperature were 10% and 111℃, respectively. Each gram of soy sauce residue could produce the maximum amount (203.9 mg) of reducing sugars including 100.29 mg of glucose and 32.64 mg of xylose, when the acid concentration and temperature were 23% and 90℃, respectively. This work demonstrated that both soy and soybean residues could be used as a raw material for the production of glucose and xylose, which could be fermented further into alcohols.
10
李媺如. "Identification of the phosphotyrosine residues in UDP-glucose dehydrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78301780869704845344.
Анотація:
碩士國立交通大學
生化工程研究所
96
The enzymatic activity of bacterial UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (Ugd) has been shown to be under regulation by a reversible phosphorylation on the tyrosine residues. In Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43, the kinase Wzc is responsible for Ugd phosphorylation thereby modulates the synthesis of the polysaccharidic capsule. The phosphorylation of E. coli Ugd resulted in a significant increase of its activity whereas the treatment of Ugd with calf intestine alkaline phosphatase reduced its activity. However, the specific tyrosine residue subjected to the phosphorylation has not been identified. This study attempts to identify the critical tyrosine residues by site-directed mutagenesis of nine of the seventeen tyrosine residues contained in KpUgd, that were selected on the basis of their conserved nature and mass spectrum analysis. These single Tyr-to-Phe mutations of KpUgd were respectively at Tyr10, Tyr 91, Tyr150, Tyr210, Tyr217, Tyr242, Tyr249, Tyr265, and Tyr335. The mutant proteins were purified and their activities, either with or without incubation with KpWzc (Arg451-Lys722) were determined. The activities of UgdY91F and UgdY210F were higher than that of the wild-type Ugd. While UgdY10F, UgdY242F and UgdY249F exhibited a lower activity than that of the wild-type Ugd. We also used western blot hybridization to analyze if the mutations affected the tyrosine phosphorylation. The results indicated that all the Ugd mutants as well as the wild-type protein were able to be phosphorylated by the kinase KpWzc. Taken together, we have shown that the residue Tyr10, Tyr242 and Tyr249 were critical for the Ugd activity. In addition, the replacement of Tyr10, Tyr 91, Tyr150, Tyr210, Tyr217, Tyr242, Tyr249, Tyr265, and Tyr335 with Phe did not abolish the phosphorylation of Ugd. Although the specific tyrosine phosphorylation residue has not been identified, the enzymatic kinetic analysis of the mutant proteins demonstrated the critical role of the residue Tyr10, Tyr242 and Tyr249for Ugd activity.
Книги з теми "Residual glucose":
1
Kashyap, Sangeeta. Medical Management of Endocrine Disorders after Bariatric Surgery. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0015.
Анотація:
Endocrine complications after bariatric surgery include persistent hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes who experience initial success with weight loss. This complication occurs in those with a prolonged duration of diabetes (> 8 years) and is related to poor residual pancreatic beta-cell function. Often, weight regain is associated with recurrent diabetes, and strategies that target both weight loss and glycemic control are required. New diabetes agents, such as the SGLT2 inhibitor drug class, offer advantages to diabetes treatment after bariatric surgery. On the other end of the glycemic spectrum, hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia occurs in patients with and without diabetes prior to surgery and often presents with little or no symptoms (i.e., neuroglycopenia). Treatment strategies involve careful monitoring of blood glucose levels and the use of low-glycemic/high-fiber diets as well as drugs that lower glucose absorption and insulin secretion. Glycemic management after bariatric surgery requires close observation.
2
Jörres, Achim, Dietrich Hasper, and Michael Oppert. Non-dialytic management of the patient with acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0228.
Анотація:
The main focus in the non-dialytic management of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is the prevention and treatment of complications.Nutritional support is an important aspect as many patients tend to be hypercatabolic, thus requiring adequate caloric intake, yet without administration of excessive fluid volumes. Inadequate nutrition in AKI may lead to enhanced production of urea nitrogen and azotaemia. However, hyperglycaemia is a frequent complication in these patients, often requiring continuous insulin therapy to achieve the recommended blood glucose target range of 110–150 mg/dL (6.11–8.33 mmol/L).Patients with AKI are prone to infections which are a common cause of death in this population. Careful search for and intensive treatment of infections is therefore of utmost importance, and antimicrobial chemotherapy must be initiated as early as possible, especially in patients with sepsis and AKI.Drug dosing in patients with AKI is complex and difficult. Residual kidney function can be highly variable and drug disposition may be altered due to changes in distribution volume, protein binding, and metabolism. Moreover, many drugs can be removed by renal replacement therapy (RRT). Therefore, adequate dosing must take into account the patient’s individual clinical characteristics, the specific pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, and the mode and intensity of renal replacement therapy.
Частини книг з теми "Residual glucose":
1
"Oral hypoglycaemic treatment." In Practical Diabetes Care, edited by Rowan Hillson, 65–75. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192632906.003.0008.
Анотація:
Abstract Consider oral hypoglycaemic drugs for patients whose blood glucose control is poor despite dietary effort (see Table 8.1), and who do not require insulin injections. Set individual targets for blood glucose or glycosylated haemoglobin taking the patient’ s overall clinical and mental state, and home circumstances into consideration. A strict glucose balance is not always appropriate in a very elderly person living alone, for example. Oral hypoglycaemic agents work only if the patient has some residual insulin production. They should be avoided in patients with Type 1 diabetes for whom insulin treatment is essential.
2
Seray Kahraman, Nahide, and Haluk Hamamci. "Determining Glucose Isomerase Activity in Different Wine Environments to Prevent Sluggish or Stuck Fermentations by Using Glucose Isomerase." In Grapes and Wine. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100499.
Анотація:
The objective of this study was to determine glucose isomerase activity in different prepared original or synthetic wine media to prevent sluggish or stuck fermentation, which may be caused by sugar uptake deficiency in yeast. The unfermented grape juice contains almost equal amounts of glucose and fructose. After fermentation, the residual sugar is mostly fructose, this is called glucose/fructose discrepancy (GFD) and is caused by the affinity decrease of hexose transporters towards fructose as ethanol accumulates. This results in stuck fermentation and is unwanted as the wine is sweet and risks microbial spoilage. Converting remaining fructose to glucose by glucose isomerase may be a solution so we tested the activity of this enzyme in synthetic and original wine media. Glucose formation, 0.5 % w/v, from 1% w/v fructose took place in synthetic wine medium containing 13 % v/v ethanol, 1% w/v glycerol and at pH 3.3. In original wine medium glucose formation did not take place except when wine was diluted at least five folds and at pH values equal or higher than 6 whether if tartaric acid was present or not. Since neither dilution, nor pH adjustment can be applicable, other ways to employ this enzyme should be tried.
3
Vujičić, Božidar, Koraljka Benko, Ana Petretić, Nenad Nemarnik, Matko Spicijarić, Dean Markić, Matej Bura, Fabio Kadum, Sanjin Rački, and Alen Ružić. "Advanced Treatment of Refractory Congestive Heart Failure by Peritoneal Ultrafiltration with Icodextrin in Patients without End-Stage Renal Disease." In Updates on Renal Replacement Therapy. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114022.
Анотація:
In patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), neurohormonal activation leads to fluid overload that can be treated with high doses of furosemide unless diuretic resistance and hyponatremia develop. End-stage CHF, including patients with normal or slightly deteriorated kidney function, can resist medical treatment. In some cases of refractory CHF, ultrafiltration (UF) is required. To manage a refractory CHF population, extracorporeal UF is commonly used as an emergency treatment, but peritoneal UF should be considered a follow-up therapy option. This method offers potential advantages over extracorporeal therapies, including better preservation of residual renal function, tighter control of sodium balance, less neurohumoral activation, and the possibility of daily treatment in the home environment. Using glucose as an osmotic agent leads to the deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. The UF properties of icodextrin depend on the dwell time, whereby the maximum effect of icodextrin concerning glucose is achieved at a prolonged dwell time. Icodextrin may offer improved peritoneal membrane biocompatibility compared with conventional glucose-based dialysates by decreasing glucose exposure, iso-osmolarity, and reduced carbonyl stress. The proper anesthesia technique and surgical approach for peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter placement in CHF patients must be based on the patient’s characteristics, available equipment, and surgeon’s experience. An open procedure using a transversus abdominis plane block for PD catheter placement in patients with CHF is strongly recommended.
4
Li, Jie Jack. "Diabetes Drugs." In Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195300994.003.0011.
Анотація:
Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease associated with the loss of control of physiological glucose concentrations in the blood. The disease is broadly broken down into two types based on factors that include age, acuteness of onset, underlying glucose-handling deficit, and therapy. Type 1 diabetes usually manifests acutely in the young, secondary to some underlying insult (possibly infectious) to the islet cells of the pancreas, resulting in an absolute lack of insulin. Type 2 diabetes is more frequently associated with maturity, obesity, and gradually increasing blood glucose concentrations; it may be asymptomatic for some time and discovered on routine glucose screening. In fact, as weight increases among the general population of the developed world, type 2 diabetes is becoming an epidemic. Type 1 diabetes always requires insulin replacement therapy, whereas type 2 can frequently be controlled with diet, weight loss, and oral medications that enhance residual pancreatic function. Diabetes has been known since antiquity. In fact, the term diabetes mellitus comes from the Greek meaning “siphon and honey” due to the excess excretion (siphon or faucet) of hyperglycemic (sweetened, or honeyed) urine. In ancient times, most cases of diabetes were of type 1, with acute onset in the young, which was often fatal. Type 2 diabetes was extremely rare when sources of nutrition were scarce and obesity was not prevalent. Diabetes was also known as “wasting” because diabetics were not able to metabolize the sugar content of food and eventually died from wasting away. Because of the effect of excess blood glucose, the blood of the diabetic is hyperosmolar (concentrated), and this triggers compensatory thirst (in an attempt to dilute the hyperglycemia and return the blood to a normal concentration). This excess thirst results in the common diabetic symptom of polydipsia (excessive drinking secondary to thirst, resulting in the urge to drink frequently) and polyuria (excess urination). Even before many modern diagnosis tools became available, savvy doctors could diagnose diabetic men just by looking at their shoes for the telltale white spots from urine with high sugar content. In fact, tasting urine samples of diabetics was a routine diagnostic tool for diabetes. Even the breath of a severe diabetic was sweet—a sickly smell as a result of acidosis. In addition, it has been mentioned that ants would track to the urine of diabetics.
5
Trimble, R., K. Morcmcn,, and A. Herscovics. "α-Glucosidase II." In Secretory Pathway, 102. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198599425.003.0064.
Анотація:
Abstract a-Glucosidase II from rat1 and calf2 liver microsomes and from yeast3 was initially shown to catalyze the specific removal of both glucose residues from Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 Removal of the innermost glucose residue is much slower than that of the terminal glucose. The mannose residues on the upper a-1,6-mannosyl branch of the oligosaccharide are required for enzyme activity3.4. The enzyme readily cleaves aryl a-glucosides and is strongly inhibited by dNJ, N-Me-dNJ, castanospermine, and related compounds5·7 Inhibition by these agents of further processing of oligosaccharides to complex structures is incomplete, in part owing to the ability of some cells to transfer non-glucosylated oligosaccharides to protein8, and in part owing to the action of an endo-a-mannosidase9 (see entry p. 190).
6
Amiel, Stephanie A. "Clinical features of type 1 diabetes mellitus." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 1712–19. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1311.
Анотація:
As described in Chapter 13.2.3, type 1 diabetes results from the destruction of the glucose-responsive, insulin-secreting β cells of the pancreatic islets. Its principal clinical features reflect significant insulin deficiency. In general, the β cell damage is immune mediated and other clinical features occur related to other autoimmune processes. Although typically considered to have a short prodrome, in research studies biochemical evidence of impaired glucose metabolism has been detected years before diagnosis, in the form of mild elevation of blood glucose. It is likely that the clinical symptoms only manifest when 90% or more of the β cells are lost. The effects of insulin deficiency are enhanced at times of insulin resistance, which explains the apparent link between clinical onset of type 1 diabetes and acute stress, such as an intercurrent infection or other illness, or physiological changes in insulin resistance, such as during puberty. The rate of β cell loss is highly variable. It is probable that type 1 diabetes presenting in prepubertal childhood may reflect a more aggressive destructive process, while, at the other extreme, type 1 diabetes may present in adult life with a slow evolution to an absolute need for insulin replacement. The latter is called ‘latent adult onset diabetes’ (LADA), and confounds the clinical definition of type 1 diabetes—often used in recruiting type 1 patients to trials—of requirement for insulin replacement within a year of diagnosis. The diagnosis of type 1A diabetes, i.e. type 1 diabetes of proven autoimmune pathogenesis, may be made by finding evidence of the autoimmune process against β cell antigens, with the presence of anti-islet cell antibodies—or, more accurately, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or anti-islet-associated protein 2 (IA-2) antibodies—in the blood. Absence of such antibodies does not mean the diagnosis is not type 1, as the antibodies tend to disappear over time, perhaps with loss of the β cell antigens to stimulate them, but their presence is usual in type 1 diabetes when there is at least some residual insulin-secretory capacity, which is usually the case when the question of diagnosis arises.
7
Trimbe, R., K. Morcrnen,, and A. Herscovics. "N-glycan terocessing in the ER." In Secretory Pathway, 100. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198599425.003.0062.
Анотація:
Abstract N-linked oligosaccharide synthesis begins with the transfer of a precursor oligosaccharide from a dolichol-P-P-linked intermediate to Asn-X-Ser/Thr. This oligosaccharide, Glc3Man9GlcNAc2, in most cells is then trimmed by a-glucosidases and a,-mannosidases, beginning in the ER. Initial studies on the processing of newly synthesized glycoproteins reported the removal of glucose residues prior to mannose trimming reactions3.4.5. Two glucosidase activitieswere subsequently identified6·8 and termed a-glucosidase I, which removes the terminal a,-1,2-linked glucose from Glc3Man9GlcNAc2, and a-glucosidase II, which removes the remaining two a-1,3-linked glucose residues from the precursor.
8
Spiro, R. G. "Golgi endo- α-mannosidase." In Secretory Pathway, 188–89. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198599425.003.0118.
Анотація:
Abstract Endo-a-mannosidase is the only processing enzyme that has been described which trims N-linked oligosaccharides by the removal of more than one sugar residue at a time. Indeed, the discovery of this Golgi enzyme, which specifically cleaves the a.1-2 linkage between the glucose-substituted mannose and the more internal portion of the polymannose unit, has complicated the originally proposed processing scheme by providing an alternate route for achieving glucose removal12.
9
Davies, Simon. "Peritoneal dialysis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth, 4874–79. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0480.
Анотація:
Peritoneal dialysis is achieved by repeated cycles of instillation and drainage of dialysis fluid within the peritoneal cavity, with the two main functions of dialysis—solute and fluid removal—occurring due to the contact between dialysis fluid and the capillary circulation of the parietal and visceral peritoneum across the peritoneal membrane. It can be used to provide renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. Practical aspects—choice of peritoneal dialysis as an effective modality for renal replacement in the short to medium term (i.e. several years) is, for most patients, a lifestyle issue. Typically, a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis will require three to four exchanges of 1.5 to 2.5 litres of dialysate per day. Automated peritoneal dialysis and use of the glucose polymer dialysis solution icodextrin enables flexibility of prescription that can mitigate the effects of membrane function (high solute transport). Peritonitis—this remains the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis, presenting with cloudy dialysis effluent, with or without abdominal pain and/or fever, and confirmed by a leucocyte count greater than 100 cells/µl in the peritoneal fluid. Empirical antibiotic treatment, either intraperitoneal or systemic, with cover for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, should be commenced immediately while awaiting specific cultures and sensitivities. Long-term changes in peritoneal membrane function influence survival on peritoneal dialysis if fluid removal is less efficient (ultrafiltration failure), especially in the absence of residual kidney function. This is the main limitation of treatment, along with avoiding the risk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis—a life-threatening complication of peritoneal dialysis, particularly if of long duration (15–20% incidence after 10 years), that is characterized by severe inflammatory thickening, especially of the mesenteric peritoneum, resulting in an encapsulation and progressive obstruction of the bowel.
10
Camardella, Laura, Carla Caruso, Bruno Rutigliano, Mario Romano, Guido di Prisco, and Fiorella Descalzi. "IDENTIFICATION OF A REACTIVE LYSINE RESIDUE IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE Supported by the Progetto Finalizzato Ingegneria Genetica e Basi Molecolari delle Malattie Ereditarie of C.N.R." In Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase, 483–92. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-772640-3.50034-2.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Residual glucose":
1
Sari, Ni Ketut, Intan Yuniar Purbasari, and Basuki Rahmat. "Bioethanol and Residual Glucose from Filtrate Bamboo with Micro Controlller of Speed at Fermentation Process." In 5th International Conference on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANRes 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200325.086.
2
Mounika, P., and S. Krishna Kumari. "Measurement of glucose level from residual magnetic properties of saliva for diabetic patients using spline wavelet transform compared with invasive measurement of blood glucose using glucometer." In CONTEMPORARY INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0179103.
3
Ogawa, Rio, Hitomi Kumagai, Sébastien Paul, and Yusuke Yamaguchi. "Physicochemical properties of buckwheat albumin." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/huin2273.
Анотація:
For prevention of diabetes mellitus, it is effective to suppress or retard the increase in postprandial blood glucose level. We have already shown that buckwheat albumin inhibits α-amylase and suppresses postprandial hyperglycaemia even after the hydrolysis by digestive enzymes. However, there is no detailed report on the functional properties of buckwheat albumin for its industrial use. In this study, we evaluated emulsifying and foaming properties of buckwheat albumin before and after proteolytic hydrolysis in addition to the thermal stability.Thermal stability of buckwheat albumin was measured as the residual α-amylase inhibitory activity after heating at 100°C for 10–120 min. For the evaluation of emulsifying and foaming properties, buckwheat albumin and its hydrolysates were dissolved in citrate-phosphate buffer at pH 3–6. Emulsifying property was evaluated as the turbidity of emulsion 0–30 min after homogenization of the sample solution with corn oil. Foaming property was measured as foam volume of the sample solution 0–30 min after whipping with a household type mixer. Foaming and emulsifying properties of egg albumin were also measured for comparison.
As a result, buckwheat albumin showed high thermal resistance even after boiling for 120 min. Buckwheat albumin showed higher emulsifying and foaming properties than egg albumin in the pH range of 3-6. Although proteolytic hydrolysis reduced emulsifying property of buckwheat albumin, it retained high foaming property. These findings suggest that buckwheat albumin can be applied not only for a functional food material to prevent diabetes but also for a texture improver for bakery products such as bread and cakes.
4
Shahsavani, S., and G. Shakeri. "Study on the effects of nitrogen, glucose and plant residues on soil microbial C." In Proceedings of the III International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2009). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814322119_0030.
5
Prato García, Dorian. "Hidrógeno en Colombia: evaluando el potencial de la agroindustria para una transición energética sostenible." In Ingeniería para transformar territorios. Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/paper.2780.
Анотація:
La idea de usar hidrógeno (H2) como portador energético se remonta a los setenta; sin embargo, factores como el costo de las materias primas, su huella ambiental y limitantes tecnológicas, han frenado su introducción. Actualmente, más del 96% del H2 proviene de fuentes no renovables como el gas natural (49%), hidrocarburos líquidos (29%) y carbón (18%). Aunque el uso o aprovechamiento del H2 no genera GEI, durante su síntesis se pueden emitir entre 10 y 20 kgCO2-eqv/kg H2. La síntesis de H2 por vía electrolítica, usando fuentes renovables de electricidad, conduce a emisiones próximas a 1 kgCO2-eqv/kg H2. Su desempeño ambiental y los bajos costos pronosticados para la electricidad y los sistemas de electrólisis, la convertirán en la alternativa dominante para el 2050; no obstante, se debe señalar que su rentabilidad técnica y sostenibilidad ambiental está ligada al grado de renovabilidad de la electricidad usada. Los informes presentados por la IEA y el IRENA, destacan que la transición energética será clave para reducir el impacto del cambio climático; no obstante, esta no resultará sencilla ni económica incluso para los países más ricos. Por tal motivo, resulta necesario estudiar rutas alternas y potencialmente aplicables en economías emergentes y con recursos renovables abundantes como la nuestra. El H2 también puede ser producido a partir de residuos orgánicos, aguas residuales urbanas e industriales y subproductos agroindustriales por vía fermentativa y a temperatura y presión ambiente. Tomando como referencia azúcares simples (glucosa, xilosa, lactosa) presentes en la mayoría de industrias y recursos naturales del país, es posible generar entre 2.5-3.5 kmol H2/kg azúcar; sin embargo, los resultados de laboratorio señalan la necesidad de emplear un proceso anaerobio complementario, el cual puede operar en serie o en paralelo, con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia energética del proceso y su robustez. Los modelos y los estudios de caso desarrollados sugieren que el metano (CH4) generado puede ser usado para la generación de energía eléctrica requerida por el proceso o para su uso como materia prima para la producción de H2 por reformado catalítico. La integración de la energía residual de otros procesos sugiere la posibilidad de obtener H2 con una huella de carbono negativa, es decir, un producto que consume el CO2 atmosférico. De igual forma, el uso de sustratos complejos como la vinaza de caña (2-3 kmol H2/kg azúcar) y de residuos sólidos urbanos ponen de manifiesto el potencial de diversos subproductos agroindustriales para la síntesis de H2 con huellas de carbono próximas o inferiores (-10 hasta 7 kgCO2-eqv/kg H2) a las reportadas por procesos convencionales sin comprometer la producción de alimentos o su costo. Finalmente, se debe señalar que en nuestro país se ha evidenciado la penetración a escala industrial de los procesos de producción de biogás (CH4-CO2) esto permitiría, además de producir H2 y CH4, dar lugar a mezclas combustibles potencialmente adaptables al mercado nacional como el hitano (H2: 10%, CH4: 50% y CO2: 40%) que conducen a una combustion más limpia y eficiente a menores temperaturas.
6
Kaufman, Randal J., David G. Bole, and Andrew J. Dorner. "THE INFLUENCE OF N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION AND BINDING PROTEIN (BiP) ASSOCIATION IN THE SECRETION EFFICIENCY OF COMPLEX GLYCOPROTEINS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644016.
Анотація:
We have studied the role of Binding Protein (BiP) or glucose regulated protein, GRP 78) in the processing and secretion of factor VIII (fVIII), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines.fVIII is a 300 kDa protein which has a heavily glycosylated internal domain containing 20 clustered potential N-linked glycosylation sites.A significant proportion of the expressed fVIII is bound to BiP in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a stable complex andnever secreted. Deletion of the heavily glycosylatedregion results in a lesser degree of association with BiP and increased secretion. Tunicamycin treatmentof cells producing the deleted form of fVIII resultsin stable association of the unglycosylated fVIII with BiP and inhibition of efficient secretion. vWF contains 17 potential N-linked glycosylation sites which are scattered throughout the molecule. vWF is transiently associated with BiP in the ER, demonstrating that CHO cells are competent to saecrete a complex glycoprotein. tPA, which contains 3 utilized N-linked glycosylation sites, exhibits low level association with BiP and is efficiently secreted. Disruptionof normal N-linked glycosylation of tPA, by site directed mutagenesis of the 3 Asn residues to Gin residues or by tunicamycin treatment of the tPA expressing CHO cells, results in reduced levels of secretion and increased association with BiP. This effect is enhanced by high levels of expression. The findings suggest that occupancy of glycosylation sites may effect protein folding and alter secretion efficiency by influencing the extent and stability of association with BiP.
7
Lungu, Andrei. "Some features of cultivation of the actinobacterium saccharopolyspora spinosa." In 5th International Scientific Conference on Microbial Biotechnology. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb22.22.
Анотація:
Purpose: Actinobacteria (actinomycetes) are in the center of attention because these bacteria produce a variety of natural drugs and other biologically active metabolites, including: antibiotics, enzymes, inhibitors. More than 22,000 biologically active secondary metabolites (including antibiotics) produced by microorganisms have been identified and published in the literature and patented. About half of these compounds are produced by actinomycetes. Currently, about 160 antibiotics are used in medicine and agriculture, 100-120 of these compounds, including streptomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, vermectin, etc. are produced by actinomycetes. However, the use of actinomycetes for the development of new methods and means is increasingly difficult. Although a large number of microorganisms have been identified, described, verified, more than 90% of all microorganisms remain unutilized. These species could be used intensively to obtain new means, which would contribute to a sustainable development of human society [D. Dhanasekaran, 2016]. Spinosins are new macrolides, natural metabolites produced under aerial fermentation conditions by the species Saccharopolyspora spinosa. These compounds contain a unique system of tetracyclic rings to which two sugar residues are attached. Spinosad, a mixture of spinosyns A and D, is used as a unique pesticide with high selective activity against target pests and low toxicity in non-target organisms (including many beneficial arthropods). These characteristics make spinosad a good new tool for integrated pest management. The discovery and characterization of S. spinosa represents a new opportunity to develop progressive insect management tools using native products [MERTZ, and YAO, 1990], [Guojun Y, 2016]. Materials and Method: The strain Saccharopolyspora spinosa DSM-44228 was used for the experiments. Cultivation was carried out in the initial stages on agar medium and then moved to deep cultivation on liquid medium. We developed and used several compositions of the liquid medium, quantitative changes were made to the components and it was used several sources of carbon and nitrogen. In the same way, the cultivation time, temperature, pH of the culture medium was changed in all variants, the rocking shaker has 150 r/m. As a carbon source, it was used glucose, sucrose, and maltose. As an alternative source it was used also soy, corn, and sunflower flour. Results: So far we have been able to achieve good growth and sporulation over 7 days on agar medium. On liquid medium we have developed two compositions on which there was a good accumulation of biomass, but they have not yet been determined the amount of produced Spinosad. We are going to carry out the optimization of the medium to achieve a maximum possible production of biomass.
Звіти організацій з теми "Residual glucose":
1
Lurie, Susan, John Labavitch, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Ken Shackel. Woolliness in Peaches and Nectarines. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570557.bard.
Анотація:
The overall goal of the research was to understand the processes involved in the development of woolliness in peaches and nectarines. Four specific hypotheses were proposed and in the course of the research evidence was gathered t support two of them and to not support two others. The hypotheses and a summary of the evidence are outlined below. 1. That woolliness arises from an imbalance between the activities of the cell wall pectin degrading enzymes. Using 'Flavortop' nectarines and 'Hermoza' peaches as model systems, storage regimes were manipulated to induce or prevent woolliness. The expression (mRNA abundance), protein content (Western blotting), and activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin esterase (PE) were followed. Expression of the enzymes was not different, but activity and the ratio between PG and PE activities were quite different in fruits developing woolliness or ripening normally. This was also examined by looking at the substrate, the pectin moiety of the cell wall, and i woolly fruit there were more high molecular weight pectins with regions of non-methylated galacturonic acid residues. Taking an in vitro approach it was found a) that PE activity was stable at 0oC while PG activity decreased; b) incubating the calcium pectate fraction of the cell wall with PE extracted from peaches caused the polymers to form a gel characteristic of the visual woolly symptoms in peaches. 2. That continued cell wall synthesis occurs during storage and contributes to structural changes i cell walls and improper dissolution and softening after storage. We tried to adapt our technique of adding 13C-glucose to fruit discs, which was used successfully to follow cell wall synthesis during tomato ripening. However, the difference in sugar content between the two fruits (4% in tomato and 12% in peach) meant that the 13C-glucose was much more diluted within the general metabolite pool. We were unable to see any cell wall synthesis which meant that either the dilution factor was too great, or that synthesis was not occurring. 3. That controlled atmosphere (CA) prevents woolliness by lowering all enzyme activities. CA was found to greatly reduce mRNA abundance of the cell wall enzymes compared to regular air storage. However, their synthesis and activity recovered during ripening after CA storage and did not after regular air storage. Therefore, CA prevented the inhibition of enzyme activation found in regular air storage. 4. That changes in cell wall turgor and membrane function are important events in the development of woolliness. Using a micro pressure probe, turgor was measured in cells of individual 'O'Henry' and 'CalRed' peaches which were woolly or healthy. The relationship between firmness and turgor was the same in both fruit conditions. These data indicate that the development and expression of woolliness are not associated with differences in membrane function, at least with regard to the factors that determine cell turgor pressure. In addition, during the period of the grant additional areas were explored. Encoglucanase, and enzyme metabolizing hemicellulose, was found to be highly expressed air stored, but not in unstored or CA stored fruit. Activity gels showed higher activity in air stored fruit as well. This is the first indication that other components of the cell wall may be involved in woolliness. The role of ethylene in woolliness development was also investigated at it was found a) that woolly fruits had decreased ability to produce ethylene, b) storing fruits in the presence of ethylene delayed the appearance of woolliness. This latter finding has implication for an inexpensive strategy for storing peaches and nectarines.
2
Boisclair, Yves R., and Arieh Gertler. Development and Use of Leptin Receptor Antagonists to Increase Appetite and Adaptive Metabolism in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697120.bard.
Анотація:
Objectives The original project had 2 major objectives: (1) To determine the effects of centrally administered leptin antagonist on appetite and adaptive metabolism in the sheep; (2) To develop and prepare second-generation leptin antagonists combining high binding affinity and prolonged in vivo half-life. Background Periods of suboptimal nutrition or exaggerated metabolic activity demands lead to a state of chronic energy insufficiency. Ruminants remain productive for a surprisingly long period of time under these circumstances by evoking adaptations sparing available energy and nutrients. The mechanism driving these adaptations in ruminant remains unknown, but could involve a reduction in plasma leptin, a hormone acting predominantly in the brain. In laboratory animals, reduced leptin signaling promotes survival during nutritional insufficiency by triggering energy sparing adaptations such as reduced thyroid hormone production and insulin resistance. Our overall hypothesis is that similar adaptations are triggered by reduced leptin signaling in the brain of ruminants. Testing of this hypothesis in ruminants has not been possible due to inability to block the actions of endogenous leptin and access to ruminant models where leptin antagonistic therapy is feasible and effective. Major achievements and conclusions The Israeli team had previously mutated 3 residues in ovine leptin, with no effect on receptor binding. This mutant was renamed ovine leptin antagonist (OLA) because it cannot activate signaling and therefore antagonizes the ability of wild type leptin to activate its receptor. To transform OLA into an effective in vivo antagonist, the Israeli made 2 important technical advances. First, it incorporated an additional mutation into OLA, increasing its binding affinity and thus transforming it into a super ovine leptin antagonist (SOLA). Second, the Israeli team developed a method whereby polyethylene glycol is covalently attached to SOLA (PEG-SOLA) with the goal of extending its half-life in vivo. The US team used OLA and PEG-SOLA in 2 separate animal models. First, OLA was chronically administered directly into the brain of mature sheep via a cannula implanted into the 3rdcerebroventricule. Unexpectedly, OLA had no effect of voluntary feed intake or various indicators of peripheral insulin action but reduced the plasma concentration of thyroid hormones. Second, the US team tested the effect of peripheral PEG-SOLA administration in an energy sensitive, rapidly growing lamb model. PEG-SOLA was administered for 14 consecutive days after birth or for 5 consecutive days before sacrifice on day 40 of life. Plasma PEG-SOLA had a half-life of over 16 h and circulated in 225- to 288-fold excess over endogenous leptin. PEG-SOLA administration reduced plasma thyroid hormones and resulted in a higher fat content in the carcass at slaughter, but had no effects on feed intake, body weight, plasma glucose or insulin. These results show that the team succeeded in developing a leptin antagonist with a long in vivo half-life. Moreover, in vivo results show that reduced leptin signaling promotes energy sparing in ruminants by repressing thyroid hormone production. Scientific and agricultural implications The physiological role of leptin in ruminants has been difficult to resolve because peripheral administration of wild type leptin causes little effects. Our work with leptin antagonists show for the first time in ruminants that reduced leptin signaling induces energy sparing mechanisms involving thyroid hormone production with little effect on peripheral insulin action. Additional work is needed to develop even more potent leptin antagonists, to establish optimal administration protocols and to narrow down phases of the ruminant life cycle when their use will improve productivity.