Готові списки джерел за темами / Residual decomposition

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Residual decomposition"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Residual decomposition":

Cheng, Peng. "Decomposition of Residual Circulation in Estuaries." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 698–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00099.1.

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Abstract The residual currents in estuaries are produced by a variety of physical mechanisms. To understand the contribution of each individual mechanism to the creation of residual circulation, it is necessary to separate the effect of one particular mechanism from the others. In this study, a method based on dynamics is developed to decompose the residual circulation into individual components corresponding to different forcing mechanisms. Specifically, residual flows are partitioned based on the separate contributions by river discharge, horizontal density gradient, internal tidal asymmetry, advection, semi–Stokes transport, and wind. The method includes the effects of the earth’s rotation and can be applied for general conditions. Under the precondition that the ratio between width and length of the estuary is small, the continuity equation can be simplified such that the method only requires the data at a cross-estuary section to decompose residual currents. This makes the method practicable for real estuaries. Results from a generic numerical model are used to illustrate the decomposition method and to demonstrate its validity for weakly stratified estuaries.

Alam, Shaista, and Mohammad Sabihuddin Butt. "Assessing Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity Changes in Pakistan: An Application of Complete Decomposition Model." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i2pp.135-147.

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Complete decomposition model has been employed in the present study to decompose the changes in energy consumption and energy intensity in Pakistan during 1960 to 1998. A general decomposition model raises a problem due to residual term. In some models the residual term is omitted, which causes a large estimation error, while in some models the residual term is regarded as an interaction that might create a puzzle for the analysis. A complete decomposition model is used here to solve this problem.

Kang, Dujuan, and Enrique N. Curchitser. "On the Evaluation of Seasonal Variability of the Ocean Kinetic Energy." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 7 (July 2017): 1675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0063.1.

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AbstractThe seasonal cycles of the mean kinetic energy (MKE) and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) are compared in an idealized flow as well as in a realistic simulation of the Gulf Stream (GS) region based on three commonly used definitions: orthogonal, nonorthogonal, and moving-average filtered decompositions of the kinetic energy (KE). It is shown that only the orthogonal KE decomposition can define the physically consistent MKE and EKE that precisely represents the KEs of the mean flow and eddies, respectively. The nonorthogonal KE decomposition gives rise to a residual term that contributes to the seasonal variability of the eddies, and therefore the obtained EKE is not precisely defined. The residual term is shown to exhibit more significant seasonal variability than EKE in both idealized and realistic GS flows. Neglecting its influence leads to an inaccurate evaluation of the seasonal variability of both the eddies and the total flow. The decomposition using a moving-average filter also results in a nonnegligible residual term in both idealized and realistic GS flows. This type of definition does not ensure conservation of the total KE, even if taking into account the residual term. Moreover, it is shown that the annual cycles of the three types of EKEs or MKEs have different phases and amplitudes. The local differences of the EKE cycles are very prominent in the GS off-coast domain; however, because of the spatial inhomogeneity, the area-mean differences may not be significant.

Jiang, Rui, Rongrong Li, and Qiuhong Wu. "Investigation for the Decomposition of Carbon Emissions in the USA with C-D Function and LMDI Methods." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020334.

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Residual problems are one of the greatest challenges in developing new decomposition techniques, especially when combined with the Cobb–Douglas (C-D) production function and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method. Although this combination technique can quantify more effects than LMDI alone, its decomposition result has residual value. We propose a new approach that can achieve non-residual decomposition by calculating the actual values of three key parameters. To test the proposed approach, we decomposed the carbon emissions in the United States to six driving factors: the labor input effect, the investment effect, the carbon coefficient effect, the energy structure effect, the energy intensity effect, and the technology state effect. The results illustrate that the sum of these factors is equivalent to the CO2 emissions changes from t to t-1, thereby proving non-residual decomposition. Given that the proposed approach can achieve perfect decomposition, the proposed approach can be used more widely to investigate the effects of labor input, investment, and technology state on changes in energy and emission.

Tang, Zhenpeng, Tingting Zhang, Junchuan Wu, Xiaoxu Du, and Kaijie Chen. "Multistep-Ahead Stock Price Forecasting Based on Secondary Decomposition Technique and Extreme Learning Machine Optimized by the Differential Evolution Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2604915.

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The prediction research of the stock market prices is of great significance. Based on the secondary decomposition techniques of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), this paper constructs a new hybrid prediction model by combining with extreme learning machine (ELM) optimized by the differential evolution (DE) algorithm. The hybrid model applies VMD technology to the original stock index price sequence to obtain different modal components and the residual item, then applies EEMD technology to the residual item, and then superimposes the prediction results of the DE-ELM model for each modal component and the residual item to obtain the final prediction results. In order to verify the validity of the model, this paper constructs a series of benchmark models and, respectively, tests the samples of the S&P 500 index and the HS300 index by one-step, three-step, and five-step forward forecasting. The empirical results show that the hybrid model proposed in this paper achieves the best prediction performance in all prediction scenarios, which indicates that the modeling idea focusing on the residual term effectively improves the prediction performance of the model. In addition, the prediction effect of the model combined with the decomposition technology is superior to the single DE-ELM model, where the secondary decomposition technique has a significant decomposition advantage compared to the single decomposition technique.

Chen, Yuhao, Alexander Wong, Yuan Fang, Yifan Wu, and Linlin Xu. "Deep Residual Transform for Multi-scale Image Decomposition." Journal of Computational Vision and Imaging Systems 6, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/jcvis.v6i1.3537.

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Multi-scale image decomposition (MID) is a fundamental task in computer vision and image processing that involves the transformation of an image into a hierarchical representation comprising of different levels of visual granularity from coarse structures to fine details. A well-engineered MID disentangles the image signal into meaningful components which can be used in a variety of applications such as image denoising, image compression, and object classification. Traditional MID approaches such as wavelet transforms tackle the problem through carefully designed basis functions under rigid decomposition structure assumptions. However, as the information distribution varies from one type of image content to another, rigid decomposition assumptions lead to inefficiently representation, i.e., some scales can contain little to no information. To address this issue, we present Deep Residual Transform (DRT), a data-driven MID strategy where the input signal is transformed into a hierarchy of non-linear representations at different scales, with each representation being independently learned as the representational residual of previous scales at a user-controlled detail level. As such, the proposed DRT progressively disentangles scale information from the original signal by sequentially learning residual representations. The decomposition flexibility of this approach allows for highly tailored representations cater to specific types of image content, and results in greater representational efficiency and compactness. In this study, we realize the proposed transform by leveraging a hierarchy of sequentially trained autoencoders. To explore the efficacy of the proposed DRT, we leverage two datasets comprising of very different types of image content: 1) CelebFaces and 2) Cityscapes. Experimental results show that the proposed DRT achieved highly efficient information decomposition on both datasets amid their very different visual granularity characteristics.

Jin, Chuantai, and Yong Li. "Cryptocurrency Price Prediction Using Frequency Decomposition and Deep Learning." Fractal and Fractional 7, no. 10 (September 26, 2023): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7100708.

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Given the substantial volatility and non-stationarity of cryptocurrency prices, forecasting them has become a complex task within the realm of financial time series analysis. This study introduces an innovative hybrid prediction model, VMD-AGRU-RESVMD-LSTM, which amalgamates the disintegration–integration framework with deep learning techniques for accurate cryptocurrency price prediction. The process begins by decomposing the cryptocurrency price series into a finite number of subseries, each characterized by relatively simple volatility patterns, using the variational mode decomposition (VMD) method. Next, the gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network, in combination with an attention mechanism, predicts each modal component’s sequence separately. Additionally, the residual sequence, obtained after decomposition, undergoes further decomposition. The resultant residual sequence components serve as input to an attentive GRU (AGRU) network, which predicts the residual sequence’s future values. Ultimately, the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network integrates the predictions of modal components and residuals to yield the final forecasted price. Empirical results obtained for daily Bitcoin and Ethereum data exhibit promising performance metrics. The root mean square error (RMSE) is reported as 50.651 and 2.873, the mean absolute error (MAE) stands at 42.298 and 2.410, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is recorded at 0.394% and 0.757%, respectively. Notably, the predictive outcomes of the VMD-AGRU-RESVMD-LSTM model surpass those of standalone LSTM and GRU models, as well as other hybrid models, confirming its superior performance in cryptocurrency price forecasting.

McMahon, Joseph, Alain Goriely, and Michael Tabor. "Nonlinear morphoelastic plates I: Genesis of residual stress." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 16, no. 8 (April 28, 2011): 812–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286510387233.

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Volumetric growth of an elastic body may give rise to residual stress. Here a rigorous analysis is given of the residual strains and stresses generated by growth in the axisymmetric Kirchhoff plate. Balance equations are derived via the Global Constraint Principle, growth is incorporated via a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient, and the system is closed by a response function. The particular case of a compressible neo-Hookean material is analyzed, and the existence of residually stressed states is established.

Wang, Junyuan, Xiaofeng Han, Zhijian Wang, Wenhua Du, Jie Zhou, Jiping Zhang, Huihui He, and Xiaoming Guo. "Modified Singular Spectrum Decomposition and Its Application to Composite Fault Diagnosis of Gearboxes." Sensors 19, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010062.

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Under the strong noise environment, the composite fault signal of gearbox is weak, which makes it difficult to extract fault features. For this problem, based on noise-assisted method, we propose a novel method called Modified Singular Spectrum Decomposition (MSSD). Singular Spectrum Decomposition (SSD) has many advantages such as high decomposition precision and strong ability to restrain mode mixing, etc. However, the ability of SSD to extract a weak signal is not ideal, the decomposition results usually contain a lot of redundant noise and mode mixing caused by intermittency, which is also a troubling problem. In order to improve the decomposition efficiency and make up for the defects of SSD, the new method MSSD adds an adaptive and particular noise in every SSD decomposition stage for each trial, and in addition, whenever the input signal is decomposed to obtain an intrinsic module function (IMF), a unique residual is obtained. After multiple decomposition, the average value of the residual is used as input to the next stage, until the residual cannot continue to decompose, which means that the residual component has, at most, one extreme value. Finally, analyzing simulated signals to explain the advantages of MSSD compared to ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and complete ensemble local mean decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN). In order to further prove the effectiveness of MSSD, this new method, MSSD, is applied to the fault diagnosis of an engineering gearbox test stand in an actual engineer project case. The final results show that MSSD can extract more fault feature information, and mode mixing has been improved and suffers less interference compared to SSD.

Xing, Guangyuan, Shaolong Sun, and Jue Guo. "A New Decomposition Ensemble Learning Approach with Intelligent Optimization for PM2.5 Concentration Forecasting." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (March 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6019826.

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In this study, we focus our attention on the forecasting of daily PM2.5 concentrations. According to the principle of “divide and conquer,” we propose a novel decomposition ensemble learning approach by integrating ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) for forecasting PM2.5 concentrations. Our proposed decomposition ensemble learning approach is formulated exclusively to deal with difficulties in quantitating meteorological information with high volatility, irregularity, and complicacy. This decomposition ensemble learning approach mainly consists of three steps. First, we utilize EEMD to decompose original time series of PM2.5 concentrations into a specific amount of independent intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and residual term. Second, the ANN, whose connection parameters are optimized by APSO algorithm, is employed to model IMFs and residual terms, respectively. Finally, another APSO-ANN is applied to aggregate the forecast IMFs and residual term into a collection as the final forecasting results. The empirical results show that the forecasting of our decomposition ensemble learning approach outperforms other benchmark models in terms of level accuracy and directional accuracy.

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Дисертації з теми "Residual decomposition":

Sousa, Adervan Fernandes. "Mineralization of nutrients and plant growth in soils irrigated with wastewater from oil extraction." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16918.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
O grande volume de Ãgua utilizado na agricultura compromete a sua disponibilidade para o consumo humano. Diante desse problema, Ã necessÃrio avaliar a utilizaÃÃo de Ãguas residuais na produÃÃo agrÃcola, como uma opÃÃo para a conservaÃÃo dos recursos hÃdricos. Ãguas residuais oriundas de campos de petrÃleo podem ser uma boa opÃÃo para irrigaÃÃo, especialmente em regiÃes de pouca e alta variabilidade de chuvas como o Nordeste brasileiro. No entanto, Ã necessÃrio avaliar os seus efeitos no solo, como acÃmulo de nutrientes e decomposiÃÃo da matÃria orgÃnica, bem como no aspecto nutricional e no crescimento das plantas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: i) Avaliar as mudanÃas ocorridas nos sais solÃveis e nas fraÃÃes da matÃria orgÃnica do solo e no crescimento de plantas de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. BRS 321, cultivadas em solo de textura arenosa irrigado com Ãgua residual oriunda da extraÃÃo de petrÃleo tratada por filtragem e osmose reversa; ii) Avaliar as alteraÃÃes nutricionais do girassol (Helianthus annuus) BRS 321 irrigado com Ãgua residual da extraÃÃo de petrÃleo e os efeitos sobre a produÃÃo de biomassa e de aquÃnios; e iii) Avaliar a decomposiÃÃo dos restos culturais de girassol (Helianthus annuus) cv. BRS 321 em Ãreas irrigadas com Ãgua residual da extraÃÃo de petrÃleo. O girassol foi cultivado durante trÃs perÃodos sucessivos em Ãreas irrigadas com Ãgua residual da extraÃÃo de petrÃleo tratada por filtragem (APF) e por osmose reversa (APO) ou Ãgua subterrÃnea do aquÃfero AÃu (ACA). Ao fim de cada ciclo foram determinados os valores de pH, condutividade elÃtrica (CE), a razÃo de adsorÃÃo de sÃdio (RAS) e os teores de Na, Cl, Mg, Ca, K, HCO3-, Ag, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr3+, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, alÃm de C nas fraÃÃes hÃmicas. Em raÃzes, parte aÃrea e aquÃnios determinaram-se os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e Na e avaliaram-se o crescimento e o acÃmulo de biomassa. AlÃm disso, avaliou-se a decomposiÃÃo dos resÃduos da parte aÃrea das plantas de girassol. Houve alteraÃÃes nos atributos quÃmicos do solo, em destaque o acrÃscimo de sais, que foi maior nas Ãreas irrigadas com APF, e elevaÃÃo do pH, independente do tipo de Ãgua utilizado. A elevaÃÃo da salinidade e alcalinidade do solo reduziu o crescimento e o acÃmulo de biomassa das plantas. AlÃm disso, a irrigaÃÃo proporcionou alteraÃÃes nutricionais das plantas, que refletiram no crescimento e na produÃÃo de aquÃnios do girassol e na decomposiÃÃo dos resÃduos da cultura, com efeitos positivos ou negativos, conforme o tratamento da Ãgua residual. Concluiu-se que a Ãgua residual da extraÃÃo de petrÃleo utilizada na irrigaÃÃo afeta os atributos quÃmicos do solo, bem como a composiÃÃo nutricional e o desenvolvimento das plantas, principalmente quando irrigadas com a APF. AlÃm disso, a irrigaÃÃo com Ãgua residual alterou a mineralizaÃÃo dos resÃduos vegetais do girassol, mas nÃo a de decomposiÃÃo do carbono orgÃnico nas fraÃÃes hÃmicas.
The large volume of water used in agriculture compromises its availability for human consumption. Faced with this problem, it is necessary to evaluate the use of wastewater in agricultural production as an option for the conservation of water resources. Wastewater from oil fields can be a good choice for irrigation, especially in regions of low or high rainfall variability, as in the Brazilian Northeast. However, it is necessary to evaluate its effects on the soil, such as the accumulation of nutrients and decomposition of organic matter, as well as the nutritional aspect and plant growth. The aims of this study were: i) to assess the changes that take place in the soluble salts and soil organic matter fractions, and in the growth of plants of the BRS 321 cultivar of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivated in soil of a sandy texture and irrigated with wastewater obtained from oil extraction and treated by filtration and reverse osmosis; ii) to assess the nutritional changes in the BRS 321cultivar of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus) irrigated with wastewater from oil extraction, and the effects on biomass and achene production; and iii) to evaluate the decomposition of plant residue from the BRS 321 cultivar of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in areas irrigated with wastewater from oil extraction. The sunflower was grown for three successive periods in areas irrigated with wastewater from oil extraction treated by filtering (APF) and reverse osmosis (APO), or with groundwater from the AÃu aquifer (ACA). At the end of each cycle, pH values were determined, together with electrical conductivity (EC), the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and the levels of Na, Cl, Mg, Ca, K, HCO3-, Ag, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr3+, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, and of C in the humic fractions. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Na were determined in the roots, shoots and achenes, along with growth and the accumulation of biomass. In addition, the decomposition of shoot residue from the sunflower plants was evaluated. Changes were seen in the chemical properties of the soil, highlighting an increase in salts, which was greater in the areas irrigated with APF; a rise was also seen in pH irrespective of the type of water used. The rise in soil salinity and alkalinity reduced the growth and accumulation of plant biomass. Moreover, irrigation resulted in nutritional changes in the plants, which were reflected in the growth and production of achenes, and in the decomposition of the plant residue, having positive or negative effects according to the treatment of the wastewater. It was concluded that wastewater from oil extraction used in irrigation affects the chemical properties of the soil as well as the nutritional composition and development of the plants, especially when irrigated with APF. Furthermore, irrigation with wastewater changed the mineralisation of the sunflower plant residue, but not the decomposition of the organic carbon in the humic fractions.

Santos, Carlos Antonio Barreto dos. "Cons?rcios de esp?cies de cobertura de solo para aduba??o verde antecedendo ao cultivo de milho e repolho sob manejo org?nico." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/535.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Carlos Antonio Barreto dos Santos.pdf: 6633158 bytes, checksum: 82ad5fa6564f31d7aa7587f533bf91ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-03
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Four plant species, intercropped or not, were evaluates in the State of Rio de Janeiro for Green manuring and soil covering prior to corn or cabbage crops. Such crops were submitted to a no-tillage and organic farming system. The study relating to corn was carried out in Baixada Fluminense (Serop?dica) at 33 m above sea level, whereas the cabbage experiment was the located in the South-Central Region (Paty do Alferes) at 680m. In bony experiments a randomized block design was employed with 12 treatments and four replicates. The species lazed for soil covering were: Crotalaria juncea (C), sorghum Sorghum bicolor (S), sunflower Heliantus annus (G) and castor bean Ricinus communis (M). Treatments involving such soil covering species corresponded to their monocrops ad the following intercrops: C+G, C+S, C+M, C+G+S, C+S+M and C+G+S+M. The control treatment consisted of fallow plots whove spontaneous vegetations was cut down on the day subsequent corn and cabbage were planted. In Baixada Fluminense, the previous intercrops favored epigeous edafic fauna diversity compared to fallow, either during vegetative cycle or after cutting except for castor bean monocrop, all treatments led to reduced need reinfestation in comparison to fallow plots. Corn yield (immature ears) was higher after monocrops of the soil covering species and also after fallow. Crotalaria showed in outstanding potential as green manure considering that organic suplementar corn fertilizing were proceeded only in plots previously cultivated to such legume species. The greatest cumulative e amount of above-ground biomass resulted from crotalaria monocrop probably contributing to a superior corn yield. In the South-Central field experiment the highest values for biomass productin were again obtained from crotalaria monocrop, its intercrops with each of the other soil covering species (C+G, C+S and C+M), and the triple intercrop with sorghum plus castor bean (C+S+M). Decomposition rates for the cut down plant residues in situ differed between intercrops and monocrops. Cabbage yield was as cell favoured by previous crotalaria and its intercrops, with exception of the intercrop in which all four plant species participated. Results have demonstrated the adequacy of crotalaria for rotational system with commercial crops under organic management. The experiments otherwise indicated that combining the legume with other soil covering species may lead to additional advantages in terms of crop residues persistence on soil surface and ed?fica fauna stimulation.
Avaliaram-se, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, quatro esp?cies bot?nicas, consorciadas ou n?o, para aduba??o verde e cobertura do solo, antecedendo as culturas de milho verde e repolho. Estas culturas foram implantadas em sistema plantio direto e submetidas ao manejo org?nico. O estudo com o milho verde foi conduzido na Baixada Fluminense (Serop?dica) a 33 m de altitude enquanto o estudo com o repolho teve lugar na regi?o Centro Sul (Paty do Alferes) a 680m. Em ambos os experimentos, empregouse o delineamento de blocos casualizados, envolvendo 12 tratamentos com quatro repeti??es. As esp?cies de cobertura do solo utilizadas foram: Crotalaria juncea (C), girassol Heliantus annus (G), sorgo Sorghum bicolor (S) e mamoneira Ricinus communis (M). Os tratamentos relativos ?s esp?cies de cobertura corresponderam aos respectivos monocultivos e aos cons?rcios: C+G, C+S, C+M, C+G+S, C+G+M, C+S+M e C+G+S+M. O tratamento controle foi representado pelas parcelas que permaneceram em pousio, cuja vegeta??o espont?nea foi ro?ada por ocasi?o dos plantios subsequentes de milho ou repolho. Nas condi??es da baixada fluminense, os cons?rcios favoreceram a diversidade da fauna ed?fica ep?gea, quando comparados com o pousio, tanto ao longo do ciclo vegetativo das esp?cies de cobertura quanto ap?s o corte. Com exce??o do monocultivo de mamoneira, os demais tratamentos provocaram redu??o dos n?veis de reinfesta??o de ervas espont?neas, relativamente ao pousio. A produtividade do milho em espigas verdes foi superior quando em sucess?o aos monocultivos das esp?cies de cobertura e pousio. A crotal?ria revelou destacado potencial como adubo verde, tendo em vista que somente nas parcelas onde foi previamente cultivada o milho n?o recebeu fertiliza??o org?nica suplementar. A maior quantidade acumulada de biomassa a?rea seca tamb?m resultou do monocultivo de leguminosa, o que provavelmente contribuiu para o rendimento superior do milho. No ensaio conduzido na regi?o Centro Sul, os valores mais elevados de biomassa produzida foram tamb?m obtidos a partir da crotal?ria em monocultivo, de seu cultivo consorciado com cada uma das outras plantas de cobertura (C+G, C+S e C+M) ou do triplo cons?rcio com sorgo e mamoneira (C+S+M). As taxas de decomposi??o in situ dos res?duos vegetais ro?ados distinguiram os cons?rcios dos monocultivos. Em termos de produtividade, o repolho foi beneficiado pelo pr?-cultivo de crotal?ria e seus cons?rcios, com exce??o daquele do qual participaram todas as quatro plantas de cobertura. Os resultados demonstraram adequa??o da Crotalaria juncea para sistemas rotacionados com culturas, de interesse comercial sob manejo org?nico. Indicaram, todavia, que combina??es desta leguminosa com outras esp?cies nos pr?-cultivos podem acarretar vantagens adicionais, ligadas ? persist?ncia da palhada distribu?da na superf?cie do solo, a partir do corte da biomassa a?rea, e ? diversidade da fauna ed?fica ep?gea.

Marella, Venkata S. S. R. "Understanding plant residue decomposition in shrubland ecosystem." Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-plant-residue-decomposition-in-shrubland-ecosystem(6dcfe4c8-c9a4-46fe-aeb7-58b0a6e0fbf0).html.

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Litter decomposition is a key component in ecosystem C and nutrient cycling. Shrubland litter decomposition is not well understood, even though shrublands cover a significant proportion of earth surface. This project aims to investigate the decomposition of shrubland plant residue (Cistus monspeliensis L.). The first and second experimental chapters of this thesis present the data about root chemistry, C and N mineralisation from the decomposing roots. Root tissue chemistry varies significantly with age, younger roots consist of higher relative amounts of N, P, K, soluble compounds, conversely Ca, hemicellulose, cellulose concentrations are higher in older roots. Faster short-term C, and N mineralisation rates were observed in senescing younger roots compared to the older roots under our experimental conditions. The third experimental chapter is about leaf litter decomposition study using litter bag technique. Accumulated mass loss from the decomposing leaf litter is a biphasic process where initial rapid mass loss followed by relatively slower phase. Among the various leaf litter decomposition parameters lignin: N best explained the accumulated mass loss. Fourth experimental chapter is an attempt to understand the 14C mineralisation process from decomposing soluble and insoluble components of above and below ground plant parts. Soluble components have shown faster 14C mineralisation compared to the insoluble fractions of above (stem and leaf) and belowground (roots) plant components. Belowground plant components have shown a distinctive 14C mineralisation pattern with more % 14C entering in to microbial biomass pool compared to the aboveground components which will have consequences on whole ecosystem C cycle. Results from final experimental chapter indicate that C sourced by hyphal biomass reside longer duration even after death thereby contribute significant amounts of C to the belowground. However, further long-term studies that includes multi plant species under filed conditions are needed before these results extrapolate to the shrubland ecosystem.

Whetton, Matthew. "Polyphenol/protein interactions during the decomposition of tropical lugume residues." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248053.

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Ehaliotis, Constantinos. "Nitrogen turnover during decomposition of recalcitrant plant residues in acid soils." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243408.

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Chandra, Varunesh. "Nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from crop residue decomposition in soils." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS204.pdf.

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La décomposition de résidus agricole dans les sols entraine une augmentation des émissions d’oxyde nitreux et d'ammoniac. C'est la position de l’incorporation des résidus qui affecte ces émissions gazeuses. Nous avons réalisé des expériences en laboratoire avec trois sols différents - des sols sableux à petites particules, des sols argileux calcaires et des sols argileux légèrement calcaires – auxquels nous avons incorporé des résidus de trèfle rouge et de blé. Les résidus ont été incorporés dans trois positions dans des microcosmes de sol - à la surface, mélangés à la couche supérieure et intercalés entre deux couches de sol, afin de simuler des scénarios réels. Nous avons constaté que les résidus placés en surface sur le sol présentaient les flux d'ammoniac les plus élevés. Les résidus placés en couches et mélangés présentaient des flux d'oxyde nitreux plus élevés. Les flux des résidus de trèfle rouge étaient plus élevés que ceux du blé en raison de la forte teneur en azote des premiers. Nous avons utilisé ces données de flux obtenues pour tester un modèle d’émission d'oxyde nitreux et d'ammoniac construit en couplant les modèles CANTIS, NOE et de volatilisation de l’ammoniac. Nous avons constaté que les simulations du modèle étaient sous-estimées bien qu'elles correspondent bien qualitativement aux observations expérimentales
Crop residues are organic inputs to soil that enhance soil carbon stocks. Although, their decomposition in soils have been showed to cause higher nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions. On analysing related literature, we found that the position of residue incorporation affects these gaseous emissions. We carried out laboratory experiments with three different soil - small particled sandy, calcareous clayey and slightly calcareous clayey soils, with red clover and wheat residues incorporated in them. The residues were incorporated in three positions in soil microcosms - on the surface, mixed in the top layer and layered between two soil layers, to simulate real world scenarios. We found that surface placed residues on soil had the highest ammonia fluxes. While layered and mixed residues had higher nitrous oxide fluxes. The fluxes from red clover residue were higher than wheat owing to high nitrogen in the former. We used this flux data obtained to test a constructed nitrous oxide and and ammonia emission model by coupling CANTIS, NOE and ammonia volatilisation models. We found that the model simulations were underestimated although they were corresponding well qualitatively with the experimental observations

Burgess, Magdalena S. E. "Crop residue decomposition and nitrogen dynamics in corn under three tillage systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36879.

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Decomposition and N dynamics of grain-corn residues were investigated in a field study in southwestern Quebec, with particular reference to the roles of different plant parts (stems, leaves etc.) in determining overall residue mass loss and N content. A litterbag study was conducted, with surface and buried placements in plots under three tillage systems (no-till, reduced tillage, and conventional tillage, established five years before litterbag placement). Residue mass loss and N content were monitored over a two-year period. Separate data were obtained for leaves, stems, husks, and cobs. Net values for all residues combined were calculated taking into account initial proportions of each plant part at harvest. Overall estimates were made based on residue depth-distribution typical of each tillage system. A spreadsheet-based model of surface residue mass loss was developed, incorporating litterbag mass and other surface-residue data, in order to determine how well litterbag results predicted surface residue mass loss in the field, and to test alternative assumptions regarding residue decomposition and/or burial. Buried residues lost mass more quickly than surface residues, as expected. Thus residue breakdown would be fastest in a conventional system, slowest under no-till, and intermediate with reduced tillage. Substantial decreases in mass and residue N content occurred between fall placement and first sampling in spring, despite low temperatures for much of this period. Mass loss in the first period was substantial for stems as we as husks and leaves. Cobs decomposed most slowly throughout. Nitrogen dynamics, including effects of depth on residue N content, differed greatly by residue type. All the lower-N residues (cobs, husks, stems) immobilized N at some point. However, during the two-year study, N immobilization by one or more residue types was always counterbalanced or exceeded by N release by other residue, at least for the sampling intervals included. Pa

Si, Weiduo. "The effect of plant residue decomposition on microbial community composition in soil." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324866.

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McKee, Alex Clive Seymoore. "Analytical solutions of orientation aggregation models, multiple solutions and path following with the Adomian decomposition method." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7349.

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In this work we apply the Adomian decomposition method to an orientation aggregation problem modelling the time distribution of filaments. We find analytical solutions under certain specific criteria and programmatically implement the Adomian method to two variants of the orientation aggregation model. We extend the utility of the Adomian decomposition method beyond its original capability to enable it to converge to more than one solution of a nonlinear problem and further to be used as a corrector in path following bifurcation problems.

He, Yuxin. "Crop residue management and its impacts on soil properties." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19043.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Agronomy
DeAnn R. Presley
Crop residue removal for livestock feeding and biofuel production at large scales must be evaluated to assess impacts on soil productivity and properties. Among all the potential negative impacts, wind erosion is a major concern in the central Great Plains. We conducted an on-farm study from 2011 to 2013 by removing crop residue at five levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) to determine the effects of crop residue removal on soil wind erosion parameters such as dry aggregate size distribution including soil wind erodible fraction (EF <0.84 mm aggregates), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD), dry aggregate stability, and soil surface roughness. The sub-model of Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) developed by the USDA-ARS, Single-event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP) is a stand-alone companion software package that can be applied to simulate soil loss and dust emission from a single windstorm event. We applied measured data (i.e. EF, GMD, GSD, and roughness) to SWEEP for predicting wind velocity that can initiate wind erosion and soil loss under each crop residue removal condition with wind velocity at 13 m sˉ¹. The threshold wind velocity to initiate wind erosion generally decreased with increase in crop residue removal levels, particularly for residue removal >75%. The total amount of soil loss in 3 hours ranged from about 0.2 to 2.5 kg mˉ² and depends on soil condition and crop residue cover. On the other hand, high-yielding crops can produce abundant crop residue, which then raises the question that if a farmer wants to reduce residue, what could they do without removing it? The application of fertilizer on crop residue to stimulate microbial activity and subsequent decomposition of the residue is often debated. We conducted wheat straw decomposition field experiments under different fertilizer rates and combinations at three locations in western Kansas following wheat harvest in 2011 and 2012. A double shear box apparatus instrumented with a load cell measured the shear stress required to cut wheat straw and photomicrography was used to measure the cross-sectional area of wheat straw after shearing. Total C and N were also analyzed. The fertilizer rate and timing of application during summer 2012 and Fall 2013 at the Hays site had impacts on wheat straw shear stress at break point. Across site years, earlier (fall) fertilizer application generally resulted in lower remaining aboveground biomass as compared to a spring application. Multivariate and linear regressions suggested that N and C:N ratio partially explain the results observed with respect to treatment effects on winter wheat residue decomposition.

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Книги з теми "Residual decomposition":

Stieglitz, L. Formation and decomposition of polychlorodibenzodioxins and furans in municipal waste incineration. [Springfield, Va.]: NTIS, 1988.

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Decomposition of the health care spending residual. Alexandria, VA: Health Care Technology Institute, 1994.

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Collins, Harold P. Decomposition and interactions of surface applied wheat residue components. 1987.

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Furtado, Andréia Cristina, Janine Padilha Botton, Henrique Cesar Almeida, Denis Porfirio Viveros Rodas, and Itamar Pena Nieradka. Fundamentos de biodigestão anaeróbia: Conceitos e processos. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-124-0.

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The correct destination and especially the reuse of waste generated by society is a matter of survival in the current scenario. An interesting fact is that a large part of these residues has organic origin and can be reused for energy generation. Therefore, processes that employ the conversion of these residues into renewable sources of energy, are increasingly necessary. In this sense, the present work aims to discuss the basic concepts and the main processes of obtaining energy by the biogas generated from the anaerobic decomposition of substrates of animal and/or vegetable origin. These processes are enhanced in countries such as Brazil, for example, where agribusiness has a prominent role in the economy, so that the supply of these substrates is not a problem and can be exploited for energy purposes. During the chapters, the main substrates used as biomass will be discussed; how the biogas production process takes place; whether there is automation in biodigestion systems; what is the use given to the stabilized material in the bioreactor; what are the processes of treatment and purification of the biogas generated and, within a more social theme, what is the importance of public policies, laws and state regulation throughout these processes.

Частини книг з теми "Residual decomposition":

Puttagunta, Raghunath Sai, Renlong Hang, Zhu Li, Shuvra Bhattacharyya, and George York. "Spectral Super Resolution with DCT Decomposition and Deep Residual Learning." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 171–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61725-7_21.

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Li, Hanyu, and Mary F. Wheeler. "Local Residual Minimization Smoothing for Improving Convergence Behavior of a Space-Time Domain Decomposition Method." In Domain Decomposition Methods in Science and Engineering XXVI, 103–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95025-5_9.

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Kapogiannis, Ioannis A., and Konstantinos V. Spiliopoulos. "Recent Updates of the Residual Stress Decomposition Method for Shakedown Analysis." In Direct Methods, 117–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48834-5_7.

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Guo, Pengfei, and Lijuan Shang. "Image Denoising via Multiple Images Nonlocally Means and Residual Tensor Decomposition." In Intelligent Computing Theories and Application, 262–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26763-6_25.

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Wang, Jing, Jinglin Zhou, and Xiaolu Chen. "Statistics Decomposition and Monitoring in Original Variable Space." In Intelligent Control and Learning Systems, 79–100. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8044-1_6.

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AbstractThe traditional process monitoring method first projects the measured process data into the principle component subspace (PCS) and the residual subspace (RS), then calculates $$\mathrm T^2$$ T 2 and $$\mathrm SPE$$ S P E statistics to detect the abnormality. However, the abnormality by these two statistics are detected from the principle components of the process. Principle components actually have no specific physical meaning, and do not contribute directly to identify the fault variable and its root cause. Researchers have proposed many methods to identify the fault variable accurately based on the projection space. The most popular is contribution plot which measures the contribution of each process variable to the principal element (Wang et al. 2017; Luo et al. 2017; Liu and Chen 2014). Moreover, in order to determine the control limits of the two statistics, their probability distributions should be estimated or assumed as specific one. The fault identification by statistics is not intuitive enough to directly reflect the role and trend of each variable when the process changes.

Spiliopoulos, Konstantinos V., and Konstantinos D. Panagiotou. "The Residual Stress Decomposition Method (RSDM): A Novel Direct Method to Predict Cyclic Elastoplastic States." In Direct Methods for Limit States in Structures and Materials, 139–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6827-7_7.

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Zong, Sha, Zhihua Xie, Qiang Li, and Guodong Liu. "Deep Neural Network for Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on Multi-scale Decomposition and Interactive Residual Coordinate Attention." In Advances in Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, 254–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20738-9_30.

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Terner, Mark R., Peter Hedström, Jon Almer, J. Ilavsky, and Magnus Odén. "Residual Stress Evolution during Decomposition of Ti_(1-x)Al_(x)N Coatings Using High-Energy X-Rays." In Materials Science Forum, 619–24. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-414-6.619.

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Steiner, Jean L. "Climatic Impacts on Crop Residue Decomposition." In A Spectrum of Achievements in Agronomy, 57–64. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub62.c7.

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Ozekin, Kenan, Richard L. Valentine, and Peter J. Vikesland. "Modeling the Decomposition of Disinfecting Residuals of Chloramine." In Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter, 115–25. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0649.ch008.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Residual decomposition":

Wei, Nana, Yijing Zhu, Yating Nie, Shiyu Fan, Yuanchen Sun, and Xiaoqi Zheng. "Purification of tumor methylomes through residual decomposition." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm55620.2022.9995363.

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Xu, Meng, Georges Fadel, and Margaret M. Wiecek. "Dual Residual in Augmented Lagrangian Coordination for Decomposition-Based Optimization." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35103.

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As system design problems increase in complexity, researchers seek approaches to optimize such problems by coordinating the optimizations of decomposed sub-problems. Many methods for optimization by decomposition have been proposed in the literature among which, the Augmented Lagrangian Coordination (ALC) method has drawn much attention due to its efficiency and flexibility. The ALC method involves a quadratic penalty term, and the initial setting and update strategy of the penalty weight are critical to the performance of the ALC. The weight in the traditional weight update strategy always increases and previous research shows that an inappropriate initial value of the penalty weight may cause the method not to converge to optimal solutions. Inspired by the research on Augmented Lagrangian Relaxation in the convex optimization area, a new weight update strategy in which the weight can either increase or decrease is introduced into engineering optimization. The derivation of the primal and dual residuals for optimization by decomposition is conducted as a first step. It shows that the traditional weight update strategy only considers the primal residual, which may result in a duality gap and cause a relatively big solution error. A new weight update strategy considering both the primal and dual residuals is developed which drives the dual residual to zero in the optimization process, thus guaranteeing the solution accuracy of the decomposed problem. Finally, the developed strategy is applied to both mathematical and engineering test problems and the results show significant improvements in solution accuracy. Additionally, the proposed approach makes the ALC method more robust since it allows the coordination to converge with an initial weight selected from a much wider range of possible values while the selection of initial weight is a big concern in the traditional weight update strategy.

Liu, Risheng, Cheng Yang, Long Ma, Miao Zhang, Xin Fan, and Zhongxuan Luo. "Enhanced Residual Dense Intrinsic Network for Intrinsic Image Decomposition." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2019.00253.

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Samiee, Kaveh, and Peter Kovacs. "ECG Decomposition Using Cascaded Spline Projection Residual Auto Encoders." In 2023 Computing in Cardiology Conference. Computing in Cardiology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22489/cinc.2023.227.

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Simsekli, Umut, Halil Erdogan, Simon Leglaive, Antoine Liutkus, Roland Badeau, and Gael Richard. "Alpha-Stable Low-Rank Plus Residual Decomposition for Speech Enhancement." In ICASSP 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2018.8461539.

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Lettry, Louis, Kenneth Vanhoey, and Luc van Gool. "DARN: A Deep Adversarial Residual Network for Intrinsic Image Decomposition." In 2018 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2018.00153.

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Rains, Jacob C., Daning Huang, and Yi Wang. "Residual Dynamic Mode Decomposition with Control for Nonlinear Aeroservoelastic Applications." In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2264.

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Xiang, Yi, Haoran Sun, and Wenting Tu. "HDResNet: Hierarchical-Decomposition Residual Network for Hierarchical Time Series Forecasting." In 2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191455.

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Teng, Huaguo, and Steve Bate. "Residual Stress Profiles of Pipe Girth Weld Using a Stress Decomposition Method." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28247.

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The application of procedures such as R6 or BS7910 for the structural assessment of defects in pressurised components containing residual stresses requires knowledge of the through-wall residual stress profile. Currently there is much interest in improving the residual stress profiles that are provided in the procedures. In this paper we present an improved analysis of residual stresses of the pipe girth welds by applying the developed heuristic method to one set of extended residual stress measurement data. The through-thickness residual stress is decomposed into three stress components: membrane, bending and self-equilibrating. The heuristic method was applied to the three components separately, so that the residual stress profile was a combination of the three stress components. This form provides not only a clear physical basis for the residual stress profile, but is also convenient for defect assessment where only the membrane and bending stress components are important.

Li, Jie, Yu Liu, Dong Gong, Qinfeng Shi, Xia Yuan, Chunxia Zhao, and Ian Reid. "RGBD Based Dimensional Decomposition Residual Network for 3D Semantic Scene Completion." In 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2019.00788.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Residual decomposition":

Barros, Fernando, Fábio Gomes, and André Victor D. Luduvice. The welfare costs of business cycles unveiled: measuring the extent of stabilization policies. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202114r2.

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How can we measure the welfare benefit of ongoing stabilization policies? We develop a methodology to calculate the welfare cost of business cycles taking into account that observed consumption is partially smoothed. We propose a decomposition that disentangles consumption in a mix of laissez-faire (absent policies) and riskless components. With a novel identification strategy, we estimate the span of stabilization power. In our preferred specification, we find that the welfare cost of total fluctuations is 11 percent of lifetime consumption, of which 82 percent is smoothed by the status quo policies, yielding a residual 1.8 percent of consumption to be tackled by policymakers.

Bustelo, Monserrat, Suzanne Duryea, Claudia Piras, Breno Sampaio, Giuseppe Trevisan, and Mariana Viollaz. The Gender Pay Gap in Brazil: It Starts with College Students' Choice of Major. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003011.

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We herein discuss how college major choice affects gender wage gaps by highlighting the role that STEM majors play in explaining the gender wage gap in a developing country. We focus on a Latin American country where a systematic analysis of the interaction between students choice of college major and the gender wage gap is currently lacking. We take advantage of a very unique dataset of college students from the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil, to decompose the raw gender gap in hourly wages into one component that can be explained by differences in endowments between men and women as well as a second or residual component that reflects gender differences in the prices of market skills. We implement the commonly applied decomposition approach at the wage distributions mean and a decomposition procedure that considers variations across the wage distribution. Our results reveal that the majors that women and men select explain 50% of the gender wage gap at the mean, and STEM majors contribute to 30% of this difference. When examining different percentiles of the wage distribution, we find that the selection of a major is more important at the middle of the distribution than at the bottom or top.

VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton, and Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.

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In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.

Skone, Timothy J. Decomposition, forest residue, 50% moisture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509043.

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Bar-Tal, Asher, Paul R. Bloom, Pinchas Fine, C. Edward Clapp, Aviva Hadas, Rodney T. Venterea, Dan Zohar, Dong Chen, and Jean-Alex Molina. Effects of soil properties and organic residues management on C sequestration and N losses. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587729.bard.

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Objectives - The overall objective of this proposal was to explore the effects of soil properties and management practices on C sequestration in soils and off-site losses of N.The specific objectives were: 1. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on C transformations that follow OW decomposition, C losses by gaseous emission, and its sequestration by organic and mineral components of the soil; 2. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on organic N mineralization and transformations in soil, its losses by leaching and gaseous emission; 3. to investigate and to quantify the effects of management practices and plants root activity and decomposition on C and N transformations; and 4. to upgrade the models NCSOIL and NCSWAP to include inorganic C and root exudation dynamics. The last objective has not been fulfilled due to difficulties in experimentally quantification of the effects of soil inorganic component on root exudation dynamics. Objective 4 was modified to explore the ability of NCSOIL to simulate organic matter decomposition and N transformations in non- and calcareous soils. Background - Rates of decomposition of organic plant residues or organic manures in soil determine the amount of carbon (C), which is mineralized and released as CO₂ versus the amount of C that is retained in soil organic matter (SOM). Decomposition rates also greatly influence the amount of nitrogen (N) which becomes available for plant uptake, is leached from the soil or lost as gaseous emission, versus that which is retained in SOM. Microbial decomposition of residues in soil is strongly influenced by soil management as well as soil chemical and physical properties and also by plant roots via the processes of mineral N uptake, respiration, exudation and decay.

Fondeur, F. F. Decomposition Studies of Solid Residues from Dried Salt Solutions Containing Phenylborate Compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/9203.

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Granado, Camilo, and Daniel Parra-Amado. Estimating the Output Gap After COVID: How to Address Unprecedented Macroeconomic Variations. Banco de la República, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1249.

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This study examines whether and how important it is to adjust output gap frameworks during the COVID-19 pandemic and similar unprecedentedly large-scale episodes. Our proposed modelling framework comprises a Bayesian Structural Vector Autoregressions with an identification setup based on a permanent-transitory decomposition that exploits the long-run relationship of consumption with output and whose residuals are scaled up around the COVID-19 period. Our results indicate that (i) a single structural error is usually sufficient to explain the permanent component of the gross domestic product (GDP); (ii) the adjusted method allows for the incorporation of the COVID-19 period without assuming sudden changes in the modelling setup after the pandemic; and (iii) the proposed adjustment generates approximation improvements relative to standard filters or similar models with no adjustments or alternative ones, but where the specific rare observations are not known. Importantly, abstracting from any adjustment may lead to over or underestimating the gap, to too-quick gap recoveries after downturns, or too-large volatility around the median potential output estimations.

Chefetz, Benny, and Baoshan Xing. Sorption of hydrophobic pesticides to aliphatic components of soil organic matter. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587241.bard.

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Sorption of hydrophobic compounds to aliphatic components of soil organic matter (SOM) is poorly understood even though these aliphatic carbons are a major fraction of SOM. The main source of aliphatic compounds in SOM is above- and below-ground plant cuticular materials (cutin, cutan and suberin). As decomposition proceeds, these aliphatic moieties tend to accumulate in soils. Therefore, if we consider that cuticular material contributes significantly to SOM, we can hypothesize that the cuticular materials play an important role in the sorption processes of hydrophobic compounds (including pesticides) in soils, which has not yet been studied. The overall goal of this research was to illustrate the mechanism and significance of the refractory aliphatic structures of SOM in sorbing hydrophobic compounds (nonionic and weakly polar pesticides). The importance of this study is related to our ability to demonstrate the sorption relationship between key pesticides and an important fraction of SOM. The specific objectives of the project were: (1) To isolate and characterize cuticular fractions from selected plants; (2) To investigate the sorption mechanism of key hydrophobic pesticides and model compounds to cuticular plant materials; (3) To examine the sorption mechanisms at the molecular level using spectroscopic techniques; (4) To investigate the sorption of key hydrophobic pesticides to synthetic polymers; (5) To evaluate the content of cuticular materials in agricultural soils; and (6) To study the effect of incubation of plant cuticular materials in soils on their sorptive capabilities. This project demonstrates the markedly high sorption capacity of various plant cuticular fractions for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and polar organic pollutants. Both cutin (the main polymer of the cuticle) and cutan biopolymers exhibit high sorption capability even though both sorbents are highly aliphatic in nature. Sorption by plant cuticular matter occurs via hydrophobic interactions and H-bonding interactions with polar sorbates. The cutin biopolymer seems to facilitate reversible and noncompetitive sorption, probably due to its rubbery nature. On the other hand, the epicuticular waxes facilitate enhance desorption in a bi-solute system. These processes are possibly related to phase transition (melting) of the waxes that occur in the presence of high solute loading. Moreover, our data highlight the significance of polarity and accessibility of organic matter in the uptake of nonpolar and polar organic pollutants by regulating the compatibility of sorbate to sorbent. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project suggest that both cutin and cutan play important roles in the sorption of HOCs in soils; however, with decomposition the more condensed structure of the cutin and mainly the cutan biopolymer dominated sorption to the cuticle residues. Since cutin and cutan have been identified as part of SOM and humic substances, it is suggested that retention of HOCs in soils is also controlled by these aliphatic domains and not only by the aromaticrich fractions of SOM.